community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Nigeria
Section: Military

Question: Have the military played a role in the country since independence?

The Nigerian Military are charged with protecting The Federal Republic of Nigeria, promoting Nigeria's global security interests, and supporting peacekeeping efforts especially in West Africa.
The Nigerian Military consist of an army, a navy and an air force.
The military in Nigeria have played a major role in the country's history since independence.
Various juntas have seized control of the country and ruled it through most of its history.
Its last period of rule ended in 1999 following the sudden death of former dictator Sani Abacha in 1998, with his successor, Abdulsalam Abubakar, handing over power to the democratically elected government of Olusegun Obasanjo in 1999.
Taking advantage of its role as Africa's most populated country, Nigeria has repositioned its military as an African peacekeeping force.
Since 1995, the Nigerian military through ECOMOG mandates have been deployed as peacekeepers in Liberia (1997), Ivory Coast (1997–1999), Sierra Leone 1997–1999, and presently in Sudan's Darfur region under an African Union mandate.
Article: Chasing Cars
Section: Promotion and release

Question: Which one of Snow Patrol's songs was featured on One Tree Hill?

Snow Patrol played "Chasing Cars" on an appearance on "Late Night with Conan O'Brien".
The song was also performed as the last live performance on long-running music programme "Top of the Pops".
The band also performed the song when they were the musical guest on the 17 March 2007 episode of "Saturday Night Live", hosted by Julia Louis-Dreyfus.
Additionally, the band played the song live in their appearance at Live Earth.
On 7 July 2007, this song was performed during the London leg of the Live Earth concert at Wembley Stadium and at Oxegen later on that night in Ireland.
"Chasing Cars" was heard on the TV show "One Tree Hill'"s third season finale episode "The Show Must Go On", which aired in the US on 3 May 2006.
Several weeks later, the song appeared on the second season finale of "Grey's Anatomy" on 15 May 2006, and the song found a larger listening audience and pushed its way onto the download and pop charts in the United States.
The song was made into a music video for the show, serving as a promotion for its third season.
The music video shows scenes from the first and second seasons as well as previously unseen scenes from the third season, with clips in-between from the UK music video of the song.
It was heard again in the eighteenth episode of the show's seventh season on 31 March 2011, along with the cast's cover of Brandi Carlile's "The Story" and The Fray's "How to Save a Life".
Article: Every Breath You Take
Section: Music video

Question: Who won the MTV cinemetography award for his work on the "Every Breath You Take" video?

The song had a music video (directed by duo Godley & Creme) that was praised for its black-and-white cinematography.
Both MTV (1999) and VH1 (2002) named it as one of the best music videos ever, placing it 16th and 33rd in their respective top 100 lists.
Daniel Pearl won the first MTV cinematography award for his work on the video.
Article: Assassination of John F. Kennedy
Section: Reaction to the assassination

Question: On what date was Pearl Harbor attacked?

The assassination evoked stunned reactions worldwide.
Before the President's death was announced, the first hour after the shooting was a time of great confusion.
Taking place during the Cold War, it was at first unclear whether the shooting might be part of a larger attack upon the U.S., and whether Vice-President Lyndon Johnson, who had been riding two cars behind in the motorcade, was safe.
The news shocked the nation.
People wept openly and gathered in department stores to watch the television coverage, while others prayed.
Traffic in some areas came to a halt as the news spread from car to car.
Schools across the U.S. dismissed their students early.
Anger against Texas and Texans was reported from some individuals.
Various Cleveland Browns fans, for example, carried signs at the next Sunday's home game against the Dallas Cowboys decrying the city of Dallas as having "killed the President".
The event left a lasting impression on many Americans.
As with the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor before it and the September 11, 2001 attacks after it, asking "Where were you when you heard about President Kennedy's assassination" would become a common topic of discussion.
Article: The Vampire Diaries
Section: Home media releases

Question: When the the Vampire Diaries: Season 4 become available on DVD in Region A?

Season one was released on DVD in Regions 1, 2 and 4 and on Blu-ray in Regions A and B.
Both United States versions include commentary by cast and crew members on selected episodes, deleted scenes, behind-the-scenes featurettes, webisodes, and a downloadable audiobook of L.J.
Smith's "The Vampire Diaries: The Awakening".
It was released on DVD in Region 2 on August 23, 2010.
Following that release, Region 1 began selling DVDs on August 31, 2010, and Region 3 on September 1, 2010.
In Region A, it was released on Blu-ray on August 31, 2010.
Region B's releases varied; United Kingdom on August 23, 2010, Brazil on August 26, 2010 and Australia on September 1, 2010.
"The Vampire Diaries Season 2" will be available in DVD and Blu-ray on August 30, 2011.
Region B's releases varied; United Kingdom on August 22, 2011, Brazil on August 25, 2011.
"The Vampire Diaries: Season 3" will be available on DVD and Blu-ray on September 11 and A and on September 5, 2012 for Regions 4 and B.
The Vampire Diaries: Season 4 is available on DVD and Blu-ray in A as of September 15, 2013.
Article: Nanking Massacre
Section: Apology and condolences by the Prime Minister and Emperor of Japan

Question: What did Iris Chang, the author of "The Rape of Nanking", criticize Murayama for not doing?

On August 15, 1995, the fiftieth anniversary of the Surrender of Japan, the Japanese prime minister Tomiichi Murayama gave the first clear and formal apology for Japanese actions during the war.
He apologized for Japan's wrongful aggression and the great suffering that it inflicted in Asia.
He offered his heartfelt apology to all survivors and to the relatives and friends of the victims.
That day, the prime minister and the Japanese Emperor Akihito pronounced statements of mourning at Tokyo's Nippon Budokan.
The emperor offered his condolences and expressed the hope that such atrocities would never be repeated.
Iris Chang, author of "The Rape of Nanking", criticized Murayama for not providing the written apology that had been expected.
She said that the people of China "don't believe that an... unequivocal and sincere apology has ever been made by Japan to China" and that a written apology from Japan would send a better message to the international community.
Article: Battle of Moscow
Section: Abstract

Question: Which battle was in the East?

The Battle of Moscow is the name given by Soviet historians to two periods of strategically significant fighting on a sector of the Eastern Front during World War II.
It took place between October 1941 and January 1942.
The Soviet defensive effort frustrated Hitler's attack on Moscow, capital of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the largest Soviet city.
Moscow was one of the primary military and political objectives for Axis forces in their invasion of the Soviet Union.
The German strategic offensive named Operation Typhoon was planned to conduct two pincer offensives, one to the north of Moscow against the Kalinin Front by the 3rd and 4th Panzer Armies, simultaneously severing the Moscow–Leningrad railway, and another to the south of Moscow Oblast against the Western Front, south of Tula by the 2nd Panzer Army, while the 4th Army advanced directly towards Moscow from the west.
A separate operational German plan, codenamed "Operation Wotan", was included in the final phase of the German offensive.
Initially, the Soviet forces conducted a strategic defence of the Moscow Oblast by constructing three defensive belts, and deploying newly raised reserve armies as well as bringing troops from the Siberian and Far Eastern Military Districts.
Subsequently, as the German offensives were halted, a Soviet strategic counter-offensive and smaller-scale offensive operations were executed to force German armies back to the positions around the cities of Oryol, Vyazma and Vitebsk, nearly surrounding three German armies in the process.
Article: Syndics of the Drapers' Guild
Section: Abstract

Question: When was Frans Hendricksz Bel conceived?

The Sampling Officials (), also called "Syndics of the Drapers' Guild", is a 1662 oil painting by Rembrandt.
It is currently owned by the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.
It has been described as his "last great collective portrait".
The painting appears on the packaging of Dutch Masters cigars.
The men (with the exception of Bel who is an attendant as indicated by his calotte) are drapers who were elected to assess the quality of cloth that weavers offered for sale to members of their guild.
Their one-year terms in office began on Good Friday and they were expected to conduct their inspections thrice weekly.
The name "staalmeester" refers to the steel pliers the inspectors used to press the seals of their city (front) and guild (reverse) into penny-sized slugs of lead that were specially affixed to record the results of the inspection.
There were four grades of quality, the highest was indicated by pressing four seals and the lowest by pressing only one.
The men, who are appraising a length of Persian-style fabric against exemplars from a swatch book, are (from left to right):
Jacob van Loon (1595–1674)
Volckert Jansz (1605 or 1610–1681)
Willem van Doeyenburg (ca.
1616–1687)
Frans Hendricksz Bel (1629–1701)
Aernout van der Mye (ca.
1625–1681)
Jochem de Neve (1629–1681)
The guild commissioned this portrait and it hung in their guild hall, the :nl:Staalhof (Amsterdam), until 1771.
Article: Nanking Massacre
Section: Japan

Question: What things impact national identity and ideas of honor, pride, and shame?

In Japan, the Nanking Massacre touches upon national identity and notions of "pride, honor and shame."
Yoshida argues that "Nanking crystallizes a much larger conflict over what should constitute the ideal perception of the nation: Japan, as a nation, acknowledges its past and apologizes for its wartime wrongdoings; or .
.
.
stands firm against foreign pressures and teaches Japanese youth about the benevolent and courageous martyrs who fought a just war to save Asia from Western aggression."
Recognizing the Nanking Massacre as such can be viewed in some circles in Japan as "Japan bashing" (in the case of foreigners) or "self-flagellation" (in the case of Japanese).
The majority of Japanese acknowledge that Japanese troops committed atrocities during the Nanking Massacre.
Some Japanese officials and writers have openly denied the incident, claiming it to be propaganda designed to spark an anti-Japan movement.
In many ways, how "atrocious" the massacre was is the touchstone of left/right divide in Japan; i.e., leftists feel this is a defining moment of the Imperial Japanese Army; rightists believe Perry's opening of Japan and the atomic bombings are far more significant events.
Article: Salvador Dalí
Section: Graphic arts

Question: Was the artist involved in graphic arts?

The artist worked extensively in the graphic arts, producing many etchings and lithographs.
While his early work in printmaking is equal in quality to his important paintings, as he grew older he would sell the rights to images but not be involved in the print production itself.
In addition, a large number of fakes were produced in the 1980s and 1990s, thus further confusing the Dalí print market.
Article: Canada
Section: Aboriginal peoples

Question: During what century did the Metis originate?

Aboriginal peoples.
Archaeological studies and genetic analyses have indicated a human presence in the northern Yukon region from 24,500 BC, and in southern Ontario from 7500 BC.
The Paleo-Indian archeological sites at Old Crow Flats and Bluefish Caves are two of the oldest sites of human habitation in Canada.
The characteristics of Canadian Aboriginal societies included permanent settlements,agriculture, complex societal hierarchies, and trading networks.
Some of these cultures had collapsed by the time European explorers arrived in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, and have only been discovered through archeological investigations.
The aboriginal population at the time of the first European settlements is estimated to have been between 200,000 and two million, with a figure of 500,000 accepted by Canada's Royal Commission on Aboriginal Health.
As a consequence of the European colonization, Canada's aboriginal peoples suffered from repeated outbreaks of newly introduced infectious diseases such as influenza, measles, and smallpox (to which they had no natural immunity), resulting in a forty- to eighty-percent population decrease in the centuries after the European arrival.
Aboriginal peoples in present-day Canada include the First Nations, Inuit, and Métis.
The Métis are a mixed-blood people who originated in the mid-17th century when First Nations and Inuit people married European settlers.
In general, the Inuit had more limited interaction with European settlers during the colonization period.
Article: Soft Construction with Boiled Beans (Premonition of Civil War)
Section: Description

Question: Where is the painting located?

This is a painting made with oil on canvas that is located in the Philadelphia Museum of Art.
Dalí painted it in 1936, but there were studies found of it that dated back to 1934.
It is a picture of a geometric monster type creature and connected to a similar monster.
The two creatures appear to be two parts of the same creature so that it appears to be wrestling itself.
All over the background and on parts of the monster are boiled beans that look as though they are melting.
The monster stands on trees and a brown wooden box.
The background is a blue sky with clouds, that are darker in some parts and lighter in others.
Article: Physics
Section: Application and influence

Question: what is the difference between applied physics and engineering?

Applied physics is a general term for physics research which is intended for a particular use.
An applied physics curriculum usually contains a few classes in an applied discipline, like geology or electrical engineering.
It usually differs from engineering in that an applied physicist may not be designing something in particular, but rather is using physics or conducting physics research with the aim of developing new technologies or solving a problem.
The approach is similar to that of applied mathematics.
Applied physicists can also be interested in the use of physics for scientific research.
For instance, people working on accelerator physics might seek to build better particle detectors for research in theoretical physics.
Physics is used heavily in engineering.
For example, statics, a subfield of mechanics, is used in the building of bridges and other static structures.
The understanding and use of acoustics results in sound control and better concert halls; similarly, the use of optics creates better optical devices.
An understanding of physics makes for more realistic flight simulators, video games, and movies, and is often critical in forensic investigations.
With the standard consensus that the laws of physics are universal and do not change with time, physics can be used to study things that would ordinarily be mired in uncertainty.
For example, in the study of the origin of the earth, one can reasonably model earth's mass, temperature, and rate of rotation, as a function of time allowing one to extrapolate forward and backward in time and so predict prior and future conditions.
It also allows for simulations in engineering which drastically speed up the development of a new technology.
But there is also considerable interdisciplinarity in the physicist's methods and so many other important fields are influenced by physics, e.g.
the fields of econophysics and sociophysics.
Article: The Motto
Section: Chart performance

Question: How many copies had been sold in the US by April 2013?

The song debuted at #18 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 chart with first-week sales of 124,000.
In its 22nd week, it ascended to #14.
On the week of February 18, 2012, "The Motto" reached No.
1 on the U.S. Rap Chart making it his 12th No.
1 on the chart and extending his lead as the artist with the most No.
1 hits since the chart began.
The song has sold 3,113,000 copies in the US as of April 2013.
Article: Belgium
Section: Religion

Question: Which three religions are officially recognized in Belgium?

Since the country's independence, Roman Catholicism, counterbalanced by strong freethought movements, has had an important role in Belgium's politics.
However Belgium is largely a secular country as the "laicist" constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the government generally respects this right in practice.
During the reigns of Albert I and Baudouin, the monarchy had a reputation of deeply rooted Catholicism.
Roman Catholicism has traditionally been Belgium's majority religion; being especially strong in Flanders.
However, by 2009 Sunday church attendance was 5% for Belgium in total; 3% in Brussels, and 5.4% in Flanders.
Church attendance in 2009 in Belgium was roughly half of the Sunday church attendance in 1998 (11% for the total of Belgium in 1998).
Despite the drop in church attendance, Catholic identity nevertheless remains an important part of Belgium's culture.
Symbolically and materially, the Roman Catholic Church remains in a favourable position.
Belgium has three officially recognized religions: Christianity (Catholic, Protestantism, Orthodoxy and Anglicanism), Islam and Judaism.
In the early 2000s there were approximately 42,000 Jews in Belgium.
The Jewish Community of Antwerp (numbering some 18,000) is one of the largest in Europe, and one of the last places in the world where Yiddish is the primary language of a large Jewish community (mirroring certain Orthodox and Hassidic communities in New York and Israel).
In addition most Jewish children in Antwerp receive a Jewish education.
There are several Jewish newspapers and more than 45 active synagogues (30 of which are in Antwerp) in the country.
A 2006 inquiry in Flanders, considered to be a more religious region than Wallonia, showed that 55% considered themselves religious and that 36% believed that God created the universe.
On the other hand, Wallonia has become one of Europe's most secular/least religious regions.
Most of the French-speaking region's population does not consider religion an important part of their lives, and as much as 45% of the population identifies as irreligious.
This is particularly the case in eastern Wallonia and areas along the French border.
A 2008 estimate found that 6% of the Belgian population, about 628,751, is Muslim (98% Sunni), while a 2011 estimate claims 1,000,000 inhabitants of Muslim background in the country.
Muslims constitute 30–35% of the population of Brussels, 4.0% of Wallonia and 3.9% of Flanders.
The majority of Belgian Muslims live in the major cities, such as Antwerp, Brussels and Charleroi.
The largest group of immigrants in Belgium are Moroccans, with 400,000 people.
The Turks are the third largest group, and the second largest Muslim ethnic group, numbering 220,000.
According to the Eurobarometer Poll in 2010, 37% of Belgian citizens responded that "they believe there is a God", whereas 31% answered that "they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and 27% that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God, or life force".
Article: Dallas Buyers Club
Section: Soundtrack

Question: Who performs the song "Life Is Strange" on the Dallas Buyers Club soundtrack?

 "Sweet Thang" by Shuggie Otis – 4:09 
 "Following Morning" by The Naked And Famous – 5:03 
 "Hell and Back" by The Airborne Toxic Event – 3:52 
 "Ready to Be Called On" by My Morning Jacket – 3:46 
 "Life of the Party" by Blondfire – 3:23 
 "The Walker" (Ryeland Allison remix) by Fitz And The Tantrums – 3:28 
 "Shudder to Think" by Tegan & Sara – 3:24 
 "Mad Love" (Acoustic) by Neon Trees – 3:39 
 "Main Man" (T. Rex cover) by Portugal.
The Man – 6:15 
 "Stayin' Alive" (Bee Gees cover) by Capital Cities – 4:03 
 "Romance Languages" by Cold War Kids – 2:52 
 "Burn It Down" (Innerpartysystem remix) by AWOLNATION – 4:56 
 "After the Scripture" by Manchester Orchestra – 4:36 
 "City of Angels" (Acoustic) by Thirty Seconds To Mars – 4:29 
 "Main Man" by T. Rex – 4:13 
 "Life Is Strange" by T. Rex – 2:32
 "Ballrooms of Mars" by T. Rex
Article: Gymnastics
Section: Vault

Question: How far away from the vault do gymnasts start?

Artistic events for women.
In the vaulting events gymnasts sprint down a runway, jump onto or perform a roundoff entry onto a springboard (run/ take-off segment), land momentarily, inverted on the hands on the vaulting horse, or vaulting table (pre flight segment), then sprint off of this platform to a two footed landing (post flight segment).
Every gymnast starts at a different point on the vault runway depending on their height and strength.
The post flight segment may include one or more multiple saltos or somersaults, and/or twisting movements.
Round-off entry vaults are the most common vaults in elite level gymnastics.
In vaults with roundoff entries, gymnasts "round-off" so hands are on the runway while the feet land on the springboard (beatboard).
From the roundoff position the gymnast travels backwards as in a backhandspring so that the hands land on the vaulting platform (horse).
She then blocks off the vaulting platform into various twisting and/or somersaulting combinations.
The post flight segment brings the gymnast to her feet.
In 2001, the traditional vaulting horse was replaced with a new apparatus, sometimes known as a tongue or vaulting table.
The new apparatus is more stable, wider, and longer than the older vaulting horse—approximately 1m in length and 1m in width—giving gymnasts a larger blocking surface, and is therefore considered safer than the vaulting horse used in the past.
With the addition of this new, safer vaulting table, gymnasts are attempting more difficult and dangerous vaults.