community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Radiation therapy
Section: Effect on different types of cancer

Question: Does chemo affect all cancers the same?

Different cancers respond differently to radiation therapy.
The response of a cancer to radiation is described by its radiosensitivity.
Highly radiosensitive cancer cells are rapidly killed by modest doses of radiation.
These include leukemias, most lymphomas and germ cell tumors.
The majority of epithelial cancers are only moderately radiosensitive, and require a significantly higher dose of radiation (60-70 Gy) to achieve a radical cure.
Some types of cancer are notably radioresistant, that is, much higher doses are required to produce a radical cure than may be safe in clinical practice.
Renal cell cancer and melanoma are generally considered to be radioresistant.
It is important to distinguish the radiosensitivity of a particular tumor, which to some extent is a laboratory measure, from the radiation "curability" of a cancer in actual clinical practice.
For example, leukemias are not generally curable with radiation therapy, because they are disseminated through the body.
Lymphoma may be radically curable if it is localised to one area of the body.
Similarly, many of the common, moderately radioresponsive tumors are routinely treated with curative doses of radiation therapy if they are at an early stage.
For example: non-melanoma skin cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, cervical cancer, anal cancer, prostate cancer.
Metastatic cancers are generally incurable with radiation therapy because it is not possible to treat the whole body.
Before treatment, a CT scan is often performed to identify the tumor and surrounding normal structures.
The patient is then sent for a simulation so that molds can be created to be used during treatment.
The patient receives small skin marks to guide the placement of treatment fields.
The response of a tumor to radiation therapy is also related to its size.
For complex reasons, very large tumors respond less well to radiation than smaller tumors or microscopic disease.
Various strategies are used to overcome this effect.
The most common technique is surgical resection prior to radiation therapy.
This is most commonly seen in the treatment of breast cancer with wide local excision or mastectomy followed by adjuvant radiation therapy.
Another method is to shrink the tumor with neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radical radiation therapy.
A third technique is to enhance the radiosensitivity of the cancer by giving certain drugs during a course of radiation therapy.
Examples of radiosensiting drugs include: Cisplatin, Nimorazole, and Cetuximab.
Article: This Is Not a Film
Section: Synopsis

Question: Who was banned from film making?

Panahi is under house arrest, awaiting the result of his appeal of a six-year prison sentence and twenty-year ban on film-making, leaving the country or giving media interviews for "propaganda against the regime".
Bored and desperate that this verdict may mean his artistic death, he starts documenting his life.
He begins filming himself in his apartment, then calls his friend and collaborator, Mirtahmasb, who arrives at the apartment and takes over the camera.
Banned from film making and determined to save at least some of his artistic visions, Panahi reads some of the scenario from the movie he was planning to make.
Upon hearing fireworks marking the ancient Iranian festival Chaharshanbe Suri that precedes the Persian new year, Nouruz, and other suspicious noises resembling gunshots, he gets scared and quickly stops this project.
He turns on the TV to hear the news.
We see news about the tsunami in Japan and later it is announced that Iran's president has banned any fireworks and bonfires that used to mark Chaharshanbe Suri.
After Mr. Mirtahmasb's departure, Panahi takes his friend's camera and starts chatting with the boy who collects the litter in the apartment block since one of his relatives was not able to come that day, Panahi asks him questions about his life and plans for the future.
This conversation takes places in the claustrophobic scenery of a lift, as the boy goes down from floor to floor and ever so often gets out of the lift to do his job.
The movie ends with the boy putting the trash can out on the street, as revelers throw gasoline on a fire.
While Panahi watches and shoots video from the ramp leading down to his building's underground garage (as far, it seems, as he dare go), the boy jumps over the fire taking part in the celebration.
Article: Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Section: Day of the assassination

Question: What did Booth plan after he shot Lincoln?

Lincoln's day started well for the first time in a while.
Hugh McCulloch, the new Secretary of the Treasury, remarked that on that morning, "I never saw Mr. Lincoln so cheerful and happy".
No one could miss the difference.
For months, the President had looked pale and haggard.
Lincoln himself told people how happy he was.
This caused First Lady Mary Todd Lincoln some concern, as she believed that saying such things out loud was bad luck.
Lincoln paid her no heed.
At around noon, while visiting Ford's Theatre to pick up his mail (Booth had a permanent mailbox there), Booth learned from the brother of John Ford, the owner, that the President and General Grant would be attending the theatre to see "Our American Cousin" that night.
Booth determined that this was the perfect opportunity for him to do something "decisive".
He knew the theater's layout, having performed there several times, as recently as the previous month.
That same afternoon, Booth went to Mary Surratt's boarding house in Washington, D.C. and asked her to deliver a package to her tavern in Surrattsville, Maryland.
He also requested Surratt to tell her tenant who resided there to have the guns and ammunition that Booth had previously stored at the tavern ready to be picked up later that evening.
She complied with Booth's requests and made the trip, along with Louis J. Weichmann, her boarder and son's friend.
This exchange, and her compliance in it, would lead directly to Surratt's execution three months later.
At seven o'clock that evening, John Wilkes Booth met for a final time with all his fellow conspirators.
Booth assigned Lewis Powell to kill Secretary of State William H. Seward at his home, George Atzerodt to kill Vice President Andrew Johnson at his residence, the Kirkwood Hotel, and David E. Herold to guide Powell to the Seward house and then out of Washington to rendezvous with Booth in Maryland.
Booth planned to shoot Lincoln with his single-shot Derringer and then stab Grant with a knife at Ford's Theatre.
They were all to strike simultaneously shortly after ten o'clock that night.
Atzerodt wanted nothing to do with it, saying he had only signed up for a kidnapping, not a killing.
Booth told him he was in too far to back out.
Article: 2 Broke Girls
Section: Recurring cast

Question: Who is Max in love with in the first two seasons?

 Brooke Lyons as Peach Landis (season 1-2), a high society mother who acts like the most clueless version of that.
She is the woman whose babies, Brad and Angelina (a reference to real-life actors Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie), Max babysits for.
She fired Max from that job to appease an awful friend of hers after a cupcake-catering mishap, and after she begged Max to return full-time, Max decided that she would only return in a part-time capacity.
Her last appearance was in the third episode of the show's second season and hasn't been seen or heard from since.
 Nick Zano as Johnny (seasons 1–2), Max's on-again-off-again love interest.
He told Max he broke up with Cashandra and was getting married to another women he just met a week ago in the season 1 finale.
He was not seen again until the episode "And the Big Opening" of season 2, in which he and Max had sex.
He and Max both agreed that they only wanted each other when they were taken by another person.
He left at the end of that episode promising her he would see her again someday.
 Ryan Hansen as Andy (season 2), a candy store owner whose business was across from the cupcake store, and Caroline's love interest in season 2.
 Federico Dordei as Luis (season 3), a flamboyant man who becomes the new day waiter in the third season episode "And the Group Head", who likes Oleg.
 Gilles Marini as Nicolas (season 3), a French "master baker" who owns and teaches at the Manhattan School of Pastry; he was Caroline's love interest, until she realized he is married in "And the French Kiss".
 Mary Lynn Rajskub as Bebe (season 3), a neurotic pastry chef who works at the front desk of the Manhattan School of Pastry.
 Eric André as Deacon "Deke" Bromberg (season 3), a sarcastic student at the Pastry School who quickly becomes Max's friend and later boyfriend.
He's the second person Max says "I love you" to (the first being Caroline).
It's later revealed he's rich, his parents owning a large elevator company.
 Patrick Cox as John (season 3), a large homosexual bald man who shares a table in the pastry school classroom with Max, who nicknames him "Big Mary".
Article: Lady with an Ermine
Section: Provenance

Question: When was Poland seized by the Nazis?

The painting was acquired in Italy by Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, the son of Princess Izabela Czartoryska and Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski in 1798, and incorporated it into the Czartoryskis’ family collections at Puławy in 1800.
The inscription on the top-left corner of the painting, LA BELE FERONIERE.
LEONARD DAWINCI., probably was added by a restorer shortly after its arrival in Poland, and before the background was overpainted.
Czartoryski was clearly aware it was a Leonardo, although the painting had never been discussed in print; unfortunately, no record exists of any previous owner.
The "Belle Ferronière" is the Leonardo portrait in the Louvre, whose sitter bears such a close resemblance, the Czartoryskis considered this sitter to be the same.
The painting travelled extensively during the 19th century; Princess Czartoryska rescued it in advance of the invading Russian army in 1830, hid it, then sent it to Dresden and on to the Czartoryski place of exile in Paris, the Hôtel Lambert, returning it to Kraków in 1882.
In 1939, almost immediately after the German occupation of Poland, it was seized by the Nazis and sent to the Kaiser Friedrich Museum in Berlin.
In 1940, Hans Frank, the Governor General of Poland, requested it be returned to Kraków, where it hung in his suite of offices.
At the end of the Second World War it was discovered by Allied troops in Frank's country home in Bavaria.
It has since been returned to Poland at the Czartoryski Museum in Kraków.
Currently the painting is in Old Town, Kraków, on display at the Wawel Castle.
Article: Criminal Minds
Section: Abstract

Question: What is the BAU connected to?

Criminal Minds is an American police procedural television program that premiered September 22, 2005, on CBS.
The series follows a team of profilers from the FBI's Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU) based in Quantico, Virginia.
The BAU is part of the FBI National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime.
The show differs from many procedural dramas by focusing on profiling the criminal, called the unsub or "unknown subject", rather than the crime itself.
The show is produced by The Mark Gordon Company in association with CBS Television Studios (originally Paramount Network Television then CBS Paramount Network Television) and ABC Studios (originally Touchstone Television).CBS announced in October 2009 that Legacy Interactive would develop a video game based on the show.
The game would require players to examine crime scenes for clues to help solve murder mysteries.
The interactive puzzle game was released in 2012, but the show's cast was not involved with the project, and as such it did not feature any of the voices of the cast.
On March 13, 2014, CBS renewed the series for a tenth season.
Article: Last Supper
Section: Artistic depictions

Question: What are the prominent themes depicted in the last supper?

The Last Supper has been a popular subject in Christian art.
Depictions of the Last Supper in Christian art date back to early Christianity and can be seen in the Catacombs of Rome.
Byzantine artists frequently focused on the Apostles receiving Communion, rather than the reclining figures having a meal.
By the Renaissance, the Last Supper was a favorite topic in Italian art.
There are three major themes in the depictions of the last supper.
The first theme is the dramatic and dynamic depiction of Jesus' announcement of his betrayal.
The second theme is the moment of the institution of the tradition of the Eucharist.
The depictions here are generally solemn and mystical.
The third major theme is the farewell of Jesus to his disciples, in which Judas Iscariot is no longer present, having left the supper.
The depictions here are generally melancholy, as Jesus prepares his disciples for his departure.
There are also other, less frequently depicted scenes, such as the washing of the feet of the disciples.
Well known examples include Leonardo da Vinci's depiction, which is considered the first work of High Renaissance art due to its high level of harmony, Tintoretto's depiction which is unusual in that it includes secondary characters carrying or taking the dishes from the table and Salvadore Dali's depiction combines the typical Christian themes with modern approaches of Surrealism.
Article: Wake Me Up When September Ends
Section: Abstract

Question: How many copies of the song "Wake Me Up When September Ends" were sold in tht UK?

"Wake Me Up When September Ends" is a song by American rock band Green Day.
It was released in June 2005 as the fourth single from their seventh album, "American Idiot".
The song deals with the death of lead singer Billie Joe Armstrong's father, who died when Armstrong was a child.
The single peaked at number six in the United States, becoming Green Day's third Top 10 single.
It also peaked at #8 in Canada and the UK, while making #13 in Australia.
"Wake Me Up When September Ends" had sold 1,652,000 copies as of May 2010, and was the second highest selling single in the U.S. from "American Idiot", behind only the multi-platinum "Boulevard of Broken Dreams".
The song ended the streak of Green Day's three consecutive #1 hits on the Modern Rock Tracks chart (American Idiot, Boulevard of Broken Dreams and Holiday), but it hit #2 on the chart almost hitting #1 by Gorillaz Feel Good Inc..
The song also hit #2 on the Adult Top 40 and #4 on the Mainstream Top 40.
This was the band's most successful song to the adult contemporary market, hitting #13 on its own chart and their only song to chart other than "Boulevard of Broken Dreams".
The song is certified Silver in the United Kingdom for sales of 200,000
Article: Chemotherapy
Section: The term "chemotherapy"

Question: When was the first chemotherapeutic agent discovered?

Chemotherapy is described in one dictionary entry as "the treatment of disease by the use of chemical substances, especially the treatment of cancer by cytotoxic and other drugs."
The word "chemotherapy" without a modifier usually refers to cancer treatment, but its historical meaning is broader.
The term was historically used for non-oncological references, such as the use of antibiotics ("antibacterial chemotherapy").
The first modern chemotherapeutic agent was arsphenamine, an arsenic compound discovered in 1909 and used to treat syphilis.
This was later followed by sulfonamides (sulfa drugs) and penicillin.
Other uses that have been termed chemotherapy are the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Article: Niagara Falls
Section: Canadian side

Question: What is the name of the garden on the Candadian side of Niagara Falls?

On the Canadian side, Queen Victoria Park features manicured gardens, platforms offering spectacular views of both the American and Horseshoe Falls, and underground walkways leading into observation rooms that yield the illusion of being within the falling waters.
The observation deck of the nearby Skylon Tower offers the highest overhead view of the falls, and in the opposite direction gives views as far as distant Toronto.
Along with the Minolta Tower (formerly the Seagrams Tower and the Konica Minolta Tower, now called the Tower Hotel), it is one of two towers in Canada with a view of the falls.
Along the Niagara River, the Niagara River Recreational Trail runs the 35 miles (56 km) from Fort Erie to Fort George, and includes many historical sites from the War of 1812.
The Whirlpool Aero Car, built in 1916 from a design by Spanish engineer Leonardo Torres y Quevedo, is a cable car that takes passengers over the Niagara Whirlpool on the Canadian side.
The "Journey Behind the Falls"—accessible by elevators from the street level entrance—consists of an observation platform and series of tunnels near the bottom of the Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side.
There are two casinos on the Canadian side of Niagara Falls, the Niagara Fallsview Casino Resort and Casino Niagara.
The former is situated in the Fallsview Tourist Area, alongside many of the area's hotels, whilst the latter is adjacent to Clifton Hill, on Falls Avenue, a major tourist promenade.
Article: This Is Not a Film
Section: Reception

Question: Rotten Tomatoes received how many ratings of "This is Not a Film" by critics?

"This Is Not a Film" has garnered critical acclaim.
Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives a score of 99% based on reviews from 88 critics, with an average rating of 8.9/10, and the site's consensus is: "Through simple means and filming, This is Not a Film presents a vital political statement and a snapshot of life in Iran as enemy of the state."
Sight & Sound film magazine listed this at #8 on its list of best film of 2012.
Calling "This Is Not A Film" one of the top 10 movies of 2012, critic Ann Hornaday of The Washington Post said the movie "uses Brechtian staging, blurred lines between documentary and drama, and an iPhone to explore the notion of physical and political boundaries, the aesthetic and technological contours of cinema, and the enduring power of self-expression."
Critic A. O. Scott of "The New York Times" rated "This Is Not a Film" the fourth best documentary of 2012.
He called the film a "brave and witty video diary, an essay on the struggle between political tyranny and the creative imagination."
In December 2012 it was shortlisted as one of 15 films eligible for Best Documentary Feature at the 85th Academy Awards.
Article: Life Is Beautiful
Section: Cast

Question: Who acted as Joshua in the Movie Life is Beautiful?

 Roberto Benigni as Guido Orefice
 Nicoletta Braschi as Dora
 Giorgio Cantarini as Joshua
 Giustino Durano as Uncle Eliseo
 Horst Buchholz as Doctor Lessing
 Marisa Paredes as Dora's mother
 Sergio Bustric as Ferruccio
 Amerigo Fontani as Rodolfo
Article: Batman Begins
Section: Batsuit

Question: Who created the new Batsuit?

The filmmakers intended to create a very mobile Batsuit that would allow the wearer to move easily to fight and crouch.
Previous film incarnations of the Batsuit had been stiff and especially restricted full head movement.
Costume designer Lindy Hemming and her crew worked on the Batsuit at an FX workshop codenamed "Cape Town", a secured compound located at Shepperton Studios in London.
The Batsuit's basic design was a neoprene undersuit, which was shaped by attaching molded cream latex sections.
Christian Bale was molded and sculpted prior to his physical training so the team could work on a full body cast.
To avoid imperfections picked up by sculpting with clay, plastiline was used to smooth the surface.
In addition, the team brewed different mixtures of foam to find the mixture that would be the most flexible, light, durable, and black.
The latter presented a problem, since the process to make the foam black reduced the foam's durability.
For the cape, director Christopher Nolan wanted to have a "flowing cloak... that blows and flows as in so many great graphic novels".
Hemming's team created the cape out of their own version of parachute nylon that had electrostatic flocking, a process shared with the team by the British Ministry of Defence.
The process was used by the London police force to minimize night vision detection.
The cape was topped by a cowl, which was designed by Nolan, Hemming, and costume effects supervisor Graham Churchyard.
The cowl was created to be thin enough to allow motion but thick enough to avoid wrinkling when Bale turned his head in the Batsuit.
Churchyard explained the cowl had been designed to show "a man who has angst", so his character would be revealed through the mask.
Article: Set Fire to the Rain
Section: Live performances and usage in media

Question: What song did FX use to promote Rescue Me's final season?

Adele performed the song live for the first time on 29 April on "The Graham Norton Show".
She also performed the track on 3 May at Jools Holland along with the selections "Rolling in the Deep", "Don't You Remember" and "Take It All".
Adele also added the song to the set list of her second worldwide tour.
FX used "Set Fire to the Rain" to promote the final season of "Rescue Me" and the show's series finale.
The song was also featured in promotional ads for the TV series "Ringer" and "Revenge," which brought it airplay in the United States without her label having to release it to radio stations.
It was also used as an "insert theme" on the 2012 Fuji TV series "Iki mo dekinai natsu."
Article: Grand Bazaar, Istanbul
Section: Architecture

Question: Is each bay surmounted by a brick dome?

The Iç Bedesten has a rectangular plan (43.30 m x 29.50 m).
Two rows of stone piers, four in each row, sustain three rows of bays, five in each row.
Each bay is surmounted by a brick dome with blind drum.
In the inner and in the outer walls have been built 44 cellars (), vaulted rooms without external openings.
The sunlight in Bedesten comes from rectangular windows placed right under the roof: they can be accessed through a wooden ambulatory.
Due to the scarce illumination, the edifice was kept open only some hours each day, and was devoted to the trade of luxury goods, above all textiles.
Moreover, the Bedesten's Mahzen were also used as safes.
The building can be accessed through four gates: 
 “Second-hand Book Sellers’ Gate” () in the north, 
 “Skullcap Sellers’ Gate” () in the south,
 “Jewellers’ Gate” () in the east, and;
 “Women’s Clothiers’ Gate” () in the west.
The Sandal Bedesten has also a rectangular plan (40.20 m × 42.20 m), with 12 stone piers bearing 20 bays surmounted by brick domes with blind drum.
In this case shops are carved only in the outer walls.
In both edifices, each bay is tied to the others through brick arches tied by juniper beams, and masonry is made with rubble.
Both buildings were closed by Iron gates.
Aside the Bedesten, originally the Grand Bazaar structures were built with wood, and only after the 1700 fire, they were rebuilt in stone and brickwork, and covered.
All the bazaar edifices, except the fur dealers market (), a later addition which is two-story, are one story.
The roofs are mainly covered with tiles, while the part burnt in 1954 uses now tarmac.
In the bazaar no artificial light was foreseen, also to prevent fires, and smoking was strictly prohibited.
The roads outside the inner Bedesten are roughly parallel to it.
Anyway, the damages caused by the many fires and quakes along the centuries, together with the repairs done without a general plan, gave to the market - especially in its western part - a picturesque appearance, with its maze of roads and lanes crossing each other at various angles.