community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Denmark
Section: Education

Question: Are colleges in Denmark free of tuition?

The Danish education system provides access to primary school, secondary school and higher education.
All college and university education in Denmark is free of charges; there are no tuition fees to enroll in courses.
Students in secondary school or higher and aged 18 or above may apply for state educational support grants, known as "Statens Uddannelsesstøtte (SU)" which provides fixed financial support, disbursed monthly.
The Education Index lists Denmark 16th in 2011 based on mean years of schooling (of adults) and expected years of schooling (of children).
Primary school is known as the folkeskole.
Attendance at primary school is not compulsory, but most Danish children go to primary school for 10 years, from the age of 6 to 16.
Whilst attending a primary school is not compulsory, receiving education at primary school-level is and must be provided for nine years.
There are no final exams, but pupils in primary schools can choose to go to a test when finishing ninth grade.
The test is obligatory if further education is to be attended.
Pupils can alternatively attend a private independent school (), or a private school () – schools that are not under the administration of the municipalities, such as Christian schools or Waldorf schools.
Following graduation from primary school, there are several educational opportunities; the Gymnasium (STX) attaches importance in teaching a mix of humanities and science, Higher Technical Examination Programme (HTX) focuses on scientific subjects and the Higher Commercial Examination Programme emphasizes on subjects in economics.
Higher Preparatory Examination (HF) is similar to "Gymnasium (STX)", but is one year shorter.
For specific professions, there is the vocational education, training young people for work in specific trades by a combination of teaching and apprenticeship.
Danish universities and other higher education institutions offer international students a range of opportunities for obtaining an internationally recognised qualification in Denmark.
Many programmes may be taught in the English language, the academic lingua franca, in bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, Ph.D.s and student exchange programmes.
Article: Shrek
Section: Influence

Question: What film noticeably inspired the current generation of mainstream animated films?

Previous films and TV shows, such as "Fractured Fairy Tales" and "The Princess Bride", have parodied the traditional fairy tale.
However, "Shrek" itself has noticeably influenced the current generation of mainstream animated films.
Particularly after "Shrek 2", animated films began to incorporate more pop culture references and end-film musical numbers.
Such elements can be seen in films like "Robots", and "Chicken Little".
It also inspired a number of computer animated films which also spoofed fairy tales, or other related story genres, often including adult-oriented humor, most of which were not nearly as successful as "Shrek", such as "Happily N'Ever After", "Igor", and "Hoodwinked!
".
Article: Stem cell
Section: Fetal

Question: What are fetal stem cells?

The primitive stem cells located in the organs of fetuses are referred to as fetal stem cells.
There are two types of fetal stem cells:
 Fetal proper stem cells come from the tissue of the fetus proper, and are generally obtained after an abortion.
These stem cells are not immortal but have a high level of division and are multipotent.
 Extraembryonic fetal stem cells come from extraembryonic membranes, and are generally not distinguished from adult stem cells.
These stem cells are acquired after birth, they are not immortal but have a high level of cell division, and are pluripotent.
Article: Forrest Gump
Section: Author controversy

Question: Was he paid by the producers?

Winston Groom was paid $350,000 for the screenplay rights to his novel "Forrest Gump" and was contracted for a 3 percent share of the film's net profits.
However, Paramount and the film's producers did not pay him, using Hollywood accounting to posit that the blockbuster film lost money.
Tom Hanks, by contrast, contracted for the film's gross receipts instead of a salary, and he and director Zemeckis each received $40 million.
Additionally, Groom was not mentioned once in any of the film's six Oscar-winner speeches.
The dispute was later resolved.
Article: Archery
Section: Protective equipment

Question: What do most archers wear to protect the inside of their arm from being  hit by the bow string?

Most archers wear a bracer (also known as an arm-guard) to protect the inside of the bow arm from being hit by the string and prevent clothing from catching the bow string.
The bracer does not brace the arm; the word comes from the armoury term "brassard", meaning an armoured sleeve or badge.
The Navajo people have developed highly ornamented bracers as non-functional items of adornment.
Some archers (mostly women) also wear protection on their chests, called chestguards or plastrons.
The myth of the Amazons was that they had one breast removed to solve this problem.
Roger Ascham mentions one archer, presumably with an unusual shooting style, who wore a leather guard for his face.
The drawing digits are normally protected by a leather tab, glove, or thumb ring.
A simple tab of leather is commonly used, as is a skeleton glove.
Medieval Europeans probably used a complete leather glove.
Eurasiatic archers who used the thumb or Mongolian draw protected their thumbs, usually with leather according to the author of "Arab Archery", but also with special rings of various hard materials.
Many surviving Turkish and Chinese examples are works of considerable art.
Some are so highly ornamented that the users could not have used them to loose an arrow.
Possibly these were items of personal adornment, and hence value, remaining extant whilst leather had virtually no intrinsic value and would also deteriorate with time.
In traditional Japanese archery a special glove is used, provided with a ridge which is used to draw the string.
Article: Family Guy
Section: Humor

Question: What brand of humor does Family Guy employ?

"Family Guy" uses the filmmaking technique of cutaways, which occur in the majority of "Family Guy" episodes.
Emphasis is often placed on gags which make reference to current events and/or modern cultural icons.
Early episodes based much of their comedy on Stewie's "super villain" antics, such as his constant plans for total world domination, his evil experiments, plans and inventions to get rid of things he dislikes, and his constant attempts at matricide.
As the series progressed, the writers and MacFarlane agreed that his personality and the jokes were starting to feel dated, so they began writing him with a different personality.
"Family Guy" often includes self-referential humor.
The most common form is jokes about Fox Broadcasting, and occasions where the characters break the fourth wall by addressing the audience.
For example, in "North by North Quahog", the first episode that aired after the show's revival, included Peter telling the family that they had been cancelled because Fox had to make room in their schedule for shows like "Dark Angel", "Titus", "Undeclared", "Action", "That '80s Show", "Wonderfalls", "Fastlane", "Andy Richter Controls the Universe", "Skin", "Girls Club", "Cracking Up", "The Pitts", "Firefly", "Get Real", "Freakylinks", "Wanda at Large", "Costello", "The Lone Gunmen", "A Minute with Stan Hooper", "Normal, Ohio", "Pasadena", "Harsh Realm", "Keen Eddie", "The $treet", "The American Embassy", "Cedric the Entertainer Presents", "The Tick", "Luis", and "Greg the Bunny".
Lois asks whether there is any hope, to which Peter replies that if all these shows are canceled they might have a chance; the shows were indeed canceled during "Family Guy"s hiatus.
The show uses catchphrases, and most of the primary and secondary characters have them.
Notable expressions include Quagmire's "Giggity giggity goo", Peter's "Freakin' sweet", and Joe's "Bring it on!"
The use of many of these catchphrases declined in later seasons.
The episode "Big Man on Hippocampus" mocks catchphrase-based humor: when Peter, who has forgotten everything about his life, is introduced to Meg, he exclaims "D'oh!
", to which Lois replies, "No, Peter, that's not your catchphrase."
Article: Chile
Section: Early history

Question: What is the Battle of the Maule?

Early history.
About 10,000 years ago, migrating Native Americans settled in fertile valleys and coastal areas of what is present-day Chile.
Example settlement sites from the very early human habitation are Monte Verde, Cueva del Milodon and the Pali Aike Crater's lava tube.
The Incas briefly extended their empire into what is now northern Chile, but the Mapuche (or Araucanians as they were known by the Spaniards) successfully resisted many attempts by the Inca Empire to subjugate them, despite their lack of state organization.
They fought against the Sapa Inca Tupac Yupanqui and his army.
The result of the bloody three-day confrontation known as the Battle of the Maule was that the Inca conquest of the territories of Chile ended at the Maule river.
Article: Chernobyl disaster
Section: Thyroid cancer

Question: How many incidences of thyroid cancer occurred in 2005?

The 2005 Chernobyl Forum report revealed thyroid cancer among children to be one of the main health impacts from the Chernobyl accident.
In that publication more than 4000 cases were reported, and that there was no evidence of an increase in solid cancers or leukemia.
It said that there was an increase in psychological problems among the affected population.
Dr Michael Repacholi, manager of WHO's Radiation Program reported that the 4000 cases of thyroid cancer resulted in nine deaths.
According to UNSCEAR, up to the year 2005, an excess of over 6000 cases of thyroid cancer have been reported.
That is, over the estimated pre-accident baseline thyroid cancer rate, more than 6000 casual cases of thyroid cancer have been reported in children and adolescents exposed at the time of the accident, a number that is expected to increase.
They concluded that there is no other evidence of major health impacts from the radiation exposure.
Well-differentiated thyroid cancers are generally treatable, and when treated the five-year survival rate of thyroid cancer is 96%, and 92% after 30 years.
UNSCEAR had reported 15 deaths from thyroid cancer in 2011.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) also states that there has been no increase in the rate of birth defects or abnormalities, or solid cancers (such as lung cancer) corroborating UNSCEAR's assessments.
UNSCEAR does raise the possibility of long term genetic defects, pointing to a doubling of radiation-induced minisatellite mutations among children born in 1994.
However, the risk of thyroid cancer associated with the Chernobyl accident is still high according to published studies.
The German affiliate of the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) argued that more than 10,000 people are today affected by thyroid cancer and 50,000 cases are expected in the future.
Article: Jingle Bell Rock
Section: Helms recordings

Question: What year was the last recording of Jingle Bell Rock released?

"Jingle Bell Rock" has been performed by many, but Helms' version is the most known in the world.
Its title and some of its lyrics are takeoffs on the old Christmas standard, "Jingle Bells."
It makes brief references to other popular songs of the 1950s, such as "Rock Around the Clock," and mentions going to a "Jingle hop."
An electric guitar played by Hank Garland can be heard playing the first notes to the chorus from "Jingle Bells.
"Despite being titled a Jingle Bell "Rock", Helms' version of the song was performed in the crossover style known as rockabilly.
Bobby Helms' original version on Decca 9-30513 from 1957, was re-recorded by him on Kapp K-719 in 1965 and yet again in 1967 on Little Darlin' LD-0038.
In 1970, Helms recorded an entire album titled "Jingle Bell Rock" on Certron C-7013, releasing from the album the title track on Certron C-10021 with a picture sleeve.
In yet another re-recording, Helms released a version on Ashley AS-4200 (year unknown).
In 1983, Bobby Helms released his last recording of "Jingle Bell Rock" on Black Rose 82713.
Article: Indonesia
Section: Etymology

Question: Where does the name "Indonesia" originate?

The name "Indonesia" derives from the Greek words "Indós" and "nèsos", which means "island".
The name dates to the 18th century, far predating the formation of independent Indonesia.
In 1850, George Windsor Earl, an English ethnologist, proposed the terms "Indunesians" — and, his preference, "Malayunesians" — for the inhabitants of the "Indian Archipelago or Malayan Archipelago".
In the same publication, a student of Earl's, James Richardson Logan, used "Indonesia" as a synonym for "Indian Archipelago".
However, Dutch academics writing in East Indies publications were reluctant to use "Indonesia".
Instead, they used the terms "Malay Archipelago" ("Maleische Archipel"); the "Netherlands East Indies" ("Nederlandsch Oost Indië"), popularly "Indië"; "the East" ("de Oost"); and "Insulinde".
After 1900, the name "Indonesia" became more common in academic circles outside the Netherlands, and Indonesian nationalist groups adopted it for political expression.
Adolf Bastian, of the University of Berlin, popularized the name through his book "Indonesien oder die Inseln des Malayischen Archipels, 1884–1894".
The first Indonesian scholar to use the name was Suwardi Suryaningrat (Ki Hajar Dewantara), when he established a press bureau in the Netherlands with the name "Indonesisch Pers-bureau" in 1913.
Article: Ski jumping
Section: History

Question: Ski jumping was invented by who?

Ski jumping as a sport originated in Norway.
Norwegian lieutenant Olaf Rye was the first known ski jumper.
In 1809, he launched himself 9.5 meters in the air as a show of courage to his fellow soldiers.
By 1862, ski jumpers were facing much larger jumps and traveling longer.
The very first recorded public competition was held at Trysil, Norway, on 22 January 1862.
At this first competition, judges already awarded points for style ("elegance and smoothness"), participants had to complete three jumps without falling and rules were agreed upon in advance.
It is clear from the news report published in Morgenbladet that the ski jumping in Trysild was entertainment, but also a national, competitive sports event.
The first known female ski jumper participated at the Trysil competition in 1863.
Norway's Sondre Norheim jumped 30 meters without the benefit of poles.
In 1866, the first skiing event held in Christiania near Old Aker Church was a combined cross country, slalom and jumping competition, and attracted an audience of some 2,000 people.
Sondre Norheim won his first competition in Christiania in 1868.
The first widely known ski jumping competition was the Husebyrennene, held in Oslo in 1879, with Olaf Haugann of Norway setting the first world record for the longest ski jump at 20 meters.
Explorer Fridtjof Nansen was a skilled skier and was number 7 in the 1881 competition at Huseby.
Until 1884–1886 jumping and cross-country was a single integrated competition: In 1886 at Huseby cross-country and jumping were held on separate days, and final results were calculated from the combined achievements (similar to present nordic combined).
The annual event was moved to Holmenkollen from 1892, and Holmenkollen has remained the pinnacle of ski jumping venues.
To distinguish ski jumping competition only from Nordic combined, it is still referred to as "spesielt hopprenn" in Norwegian (ski jumping only).
According to the International Olympic Committee's site:Ski jumping has been part of the Olympic Winter Games since the first Games in Chamonix Mont-Blanc in 1924.
The Large Hill competition was included on the Olympic programme for the 1964 Olympic Games in Innsbruck.
In 1929, Norwegian instructors arrived in Sapporo to train the Japanese in ski jumping.
Article: The Big Bang Theory
Section: Awards and nominations

Question: When did Parsons win bhis second Peoples' Choice Award?

In August 2009, the sitcom won the best comedy series TCA award and Jim Parsons (Sheldon) won the award for individual achievement in comedy.
In 2010, the show won the People's Choice Award for Favorite Comedy, while Parsons won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series.
On January 16, 2011, Parsons was awarded a Golden Globe for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series – Comedy or Musical, an award that was presented by co-star Kaley Cuoco.
On September 18, 2011, Parsons was again awarded an Emmy for Best Actor in a Comedy Series.
On January 9, 2013, the show won People's Choice Award for Favorite Comedy for a second time.
!| Year!| Award show!| Category!| Result!| Recipient(s)
Article: Ramen
Section: Instant ramen

Question: What was the first company to export instant ramen noodles?

Instant ramen noodles were exported from Japan by Nissin Foods starting in 1971, bearing the name "Oodles of Noodles".
One year later, it was re-branded "Nissin Cup Noodles," packaged in a foam food container, and subsequently saw a growth in international sales.
Over time, the term "ramen" became used in North America to refer to other instant noodles, even those not technically ramen.
Article: Bathsheba
Section: Bathsheba at her Bath

Question: When did the subject start being popular?

 at her Bath.
Bathsheba at her Bath is the formal name for the subject in art showing Bathsheba bathing, watched by King David.
As an opportunity to feature a large female nude as the focus of a history painting, the subject was popular from the Renaissance onwards.
Sometimes Bathsheba's maids, or the "messengers" sent by David are shown, and often a distant David watching from his roof.
The messengers are sometimes confused with David himself, but most artists follow the Bible in keeping David at a distance in this episode.
Paintings with articles include: 
Bathsheba at Her Bath (Rembrandt), Louvre, the most famous painting of the subject.
Bathsheba at her Bath (Veronese), 1575, Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, France.
Atypically, Bathsheba is clothed in this.
Article: Snowboarding
Section: Jibbing

Question: How can the word "jib" used depending on the usage?

Jibbing is technical riding on non-standard surfaces, usually performing tricks.
The word "jib" is both a noun and a verb, depending on the usage of the word.
As a noun: a jib includes metal rails, boxes, benches, concrete ledges, walls, vehicles, rocks and logs.
As a verb: to jib is referring to the action of jumping, sliding or riding on top of objects other than snow.
It is directly influenced by grinding a skateboard.
Jibbing is a freestyle snowboarding technique of riding.
Typically jibbing occurs in a snowboard resort park but can also be done in urban environments.
Freeride snowboarders also commonly find incidental jibs, such as a downed tree, that prove suitable to ride over in the course of their line or run.
Article: Bulgogi
Section: In modern culture

Question: Which ingredient is the hamburger patty marinated in?

"Bulgogi" is served in barbecue restaurants in Korea, and there are "bulgogi" flavoured fast-food hamburgers sold at many South Korean fast-food restaurants.
The hamburger patty is marinated in "bulgogi" sauce and served with lettuce, tomato, onion, and sometimes cheese.
It is similar to a teriyaki burger in flavour.
The October 2011 issue of Jamie magazine featured a stall selling bulgogi steak baguettes outside Arsenal FC's Emirates Stadium.
The same stall was featured in Nicholas Lander's food column in the Financial Times in October 2012.
Texas Rangers outfielder Shin-Soo Choo endorsed bulgogi in an advertisement in the March 12th, 2014 issue of The New York Times.
Article: Gangnam Style
Section: Music industry

Question: How did Billboard's ranking methodology change after the success of Gangam Style?

Record executives in the music industry believe that music charts will increasingly be filled with YouTube-driven globalised acts from foreign countries.
Sean Carey, a research fellow in the School of Social Sciences at the University of Roehampton, wrote that the flow of popular music will no longer be a single traffic route from North America and Europe to other parts of the globe, but will also move the other way as well.
According to Adam Sherwin from "The Independent", the global web demand for Gangnam Style had short-circuited the "traditional reluctance" of radio stations to play foreign-language songs.
The song is also underlining a shift in how money is being made in the music business.
Although Psy earned more than US$60,000 from music sales of "Gangnam Style" in South Korea alone, he and his music label YG Entertainment have raked in almost US$1 million from advertisements which appear on YouTube videos identified for using "Gangnam Style" in its content.
The "Harvard Business Review" published an article written by Kevin Evers, who explained how "Gangnam Style" had changed Billboard's ranking methodology of its music charts.
Instead of relying solely on radio plays and paid purchases, Billboard started to place a heavier emphasis on digital sales and YouTube views.
As a result of the change, Gangnam Style moved up to the top position of Billboard's Hot Rap Songs music chart.
According to the British Phonographic Industry's report based on Official Charts Company sales data, thanks to Psy's song and Carly Rae Jepsen’s "Call Me Maybe," pop became the UK’s favourite musical genre of the year, taking the lion’s share of the singles market (38.5%) in 2012.
Article: Boxing
Section: Professional vs. amateur boxing

Question: In what centuries were boxing bouts known to be motivated by money?

Throughout the 17th through 19th centuries, boxing bouts were motivated by money, as the fighters competed for prize money, promoters controlled the gate, and spectators bet on the result.
The modern Olympic movement revived interest in amateur sports, and amateur boxing became an Olympic sport in 1908.
In their current form, Olympic and other amateur bouts are typically limited to three or four rounds, scoring is computed by points based on the number of clean blows landed, regardless of impact, and fighters wear protective headgear, reducing the number of injuries, knockdowns, and knockouts.
Currently scoring blows in amateur boxing are subjectively counted by ringside judges, but the Australian Institute for Sport has demonstrated a prototype of an Automated Boxing Scoring System, which introduces scoring objectivity, improves safety, and arguably makes the sport more interesting to spectators.
Professional boxing remains by far the most popular form of the sport globally, though amateur boxing is dominant in Cuba and some former Soviet republics.
For most fighters, an amateur career, especially at the Olympics, serves to develop skills and gain experience in preparation for a professional career.
Article: Universal Orlando
Section: Universal Studios Florida

Question: When was the first Universal Studios in Florida open

Theme parks and attractions.
Universal Studios Florida.
This combined film production studio and theme park features is composed of themed areas and attractions based on the film industry.
Visitors enjoy themed dining and shopping, a variety of special events throughout the year, and may even catch an actual film crew at work on the backlot.
The original theme park in the resort, Universal Studios Florida opened on June 7, 1990, as a theme park that lets visitors "Ride the Movies."
The themes of Universal Studio's are targeted at making guests feel like they are in a movie set with rides, shows, and attractions inspired by popular film, television, and music productions.
The park consists of six themed areas – Hollywood, Production Central, New York, San Francisco, World Expo and Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone.