community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: 30 Rock
Section: Conception

Question: Who is the NBC Entertainment president?

Development and production.
In 2002, Fey was the head writer and a performer on the television show "Saturday Night Live" ("SNL").
She pitched the show that became "30 Rock" to NBC, originally as a sitcom about cable news.
NBC Entertainment president Kevin Reilly felt that "Fey was using the news setting as a fig leaf for her own experience and encouraged her to write what she knew."
The show was subsequently reworked to revolve around an "SNL"-style sketch show.
After being presented to Reilly once more, the show was set to air during the 2005–2006 television season.
Just before the deal went through, however, the show was nearly brushed aside by Anthony Lewis and Jack Melcher, two NBC executives who fought the idea, fearing that Fey's removal from "SNL" would result in a severe cut to the show's ratings.
Eventually, Lewis gave in just a month before his retirement, and Melcher backed down.
In May 2003, Fey signed a contract with NBC to remain in her "SNL" head writer position until at least the 2004–2005 television season and to develop a prime-time project to be produced by Broadway Video and NBC Universal.
Filming was postponed due to Tina Fey's first pregnancy.
During the 2004–2005 pilot season, a pilot was announced named "Untitled Tina Fey Project".
The "30 Rock" pilot focused on the boss of a variety show who has to manage her relationships with the show's volatile star and its charismatic executive producer.
The storyline evolved into one that dealt with a head writer of a variety show who dealt with both the stars as well as the show's new network executive.
"30 Rock" was officially given the green light to air May 15, 2006, along with a 13-episode order.
The series underwent further changes during the months leading up to and following its debut.
A May 2006 press release mentioned that sketches from "The Girlie Show" would be made available in their entirety on NBC's broadband website, DotComedy.com.
The idea was to air the fictitious "TGS with Tracy Jordan" online.
This aspect of the series was abandoned prior to its debut.
Article: Salad
Section: Vegetable salad

Question: Which raw vegetables are popularly eaten in salads?

Vegetables other than greens may be used in a salad.
Common raw vegetables used in a salad include cucumbers, peppers, tomatoes, onions, spring onions, red onions, carrots, celery, and radishes.
Other ingredients, such as mushrooms, avocado, olives, hard boiled egg, artichoke hearts, heart of palm, roasted red bell peppers, green beans, croutons, cheeses, meat (e.g.
bacon, chicken), or seafood (e.g.
tuna, shrimp), are sometimes added to salads.
Article: Six Flags
Section: TV Commercials

Question: When did six flags begin commercials for linking all of the parks?

In 2004, Six Flags began a series of commercials linking all of the parks.
The commercials were notable for a new mascot, "Mr. Six", an apparently feeble old man in a tuxedo and red bow tie.
In many of the commercials, Mr. Six would slowly exit a multi-colored bus, only to start frenetically dancing to the Vengaboys' "We Like to Party".
The commercials were an immediate hit and Mr. Six almost instantly became the official mascot, although he was initially retired after the 2005 season.
These ads have become widely parodied on the Internet, with faces from other Internet memes being superimposed over Mr. Six's face.
From 2008 to 2010, Six Flags' TV ads have a "Fun-O-Meter" in which the beginning of the ad may show something boring or embarrassing and a man's face judges it "One Flag!"
or sometimes "Two Flags!"
Then roller coasters and attractions of Six Flags are shown and says "Six Flags, More Flags, More Fun!"
for Six Flags parks.
However, the thick accent of the Asian man in the original commercials had drawn criticism for being an offensive caricature.
In 2009, the Mr. Six character came back from retirement and replaced the Asian man in Six Flags' ads, still using the Fun-O-Meter.
Since 2011, Six Flags' TV ads got a brand-new slogan "Go Big!
Go Six Flags!"
for its current Six Flags theme parks.
Article: Boston Tea Party
Section: Destruction of the tea

Question: Where is the precise location of the Griffin's Wharf of the Tea Party?

While Samuel Adams tried to reassert control of the meeting, people poured out of the Old South Meeting House headed out to prepare to take action.
In some cases, this involved donning what may have been elaborately prepared Mohawk costumes.
While disguising their individual faces was imperative, because of the illegality of their protest, dressing as Mohawk warriors was a very specific and symbolic choice.
It showed that the Sons of Liberty identified with America, over their official status as subjects of Great Britain.
That evening, a group of 30 to 130 men, some dressed in the Mohawk warrior disguises, boarded the three vessels and, over the course of three hours, dumped all 342 chests of tea into the water.
The precise location of the Griffin's Wharf site of the Tea Party has been subject to prolonged uncertainty; a comprehensive study places it near the foot of Hutchinson Street (today's Pearl Street).
Article: Industrial Revolution
Section: Food and nutrition

Question: When did life expectancy rise above 35 in France?

Chronic hunger and malnutrition were the norm for the majority of the population of the world including Britain and France, until the latter part of the 19th century.
Until about 1750, in large part due to malnutrition, life expectancy in France was about 35 years, and only slightly higher in Britain.
The U.S. population of the time was adequately fed, were much taller and had life expectancy of 45–50 years.
In Britain and the Netherlands food supply had been increasing and prices falling before the Industrial Revolution due to better agricultural practices; however, population was increasing as well, as noted by Thomas Malthus.
Prior to the Industrial Revolution, advances in agriculture or technology soon led to an increase in population, which again strained food and other resources, limiting increases in per capita income.
This condition is called the Malthusian trap, and it was finally overcome by industrialization.
Transportation improvements, such as canals and improved roads, also lowered food costs.
Railroads were introduced near the end of the Industrial Revolution.
Article: Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Section: Day of the assassination

Question: Who remarked that Lincoln looked cheerful the morning of his assassination?

Lincoln's day started well for the first time in a while.
Hugh McCulloch, the new Secretary of the Treasury, remarked that on that morning, "I never saw Mr. Lincoln so cheerful and happy".
No one could miss the difference.
For months, the President had looked pale and haggard.
Lincoln himself told people how happy he was.
This caused First Lady Mary Todd Lincoln some concern, as she believed that saying such things out loud was bad luck.
Lincoln paid her no heed.
At around noon, while visiting Ford's Theatre to pick up his mail (Booth had a permanent mailbox there), Booth learned from the brother of John Ford, the owner, that the President and General Grant would be attending the theatre to see "Our American Cousin" that night.
Booth determined that this was the perfect opportunity for him to do something "decisive".
He knew the theater's layout, having performed there several times, as recently as the previous month.
That same afternoon, Booth went to Mary Surratt's boarding house in Washington, D.C. and asked her to deliver a package to her tavern in Surrattsville, Maryland.
He also requested Surratt to tell her tenant who resided there to have the guns and ammunition that Booth had previously stored at the tavern ready to be picked up later that evening.
She complied with Booth's requests and made the trip, along with Louis J. Weichmann, her boarder and son's friend.
This exchange, and her compliance in it, would lead directly to Surratt's execution three months later.
At seven o'clock that evening, John Wilkes Booth met for a final time with all his fellow conspirators.
Booth assigned Lewis Powell to kill Secretary of State William H. Seward at his home, George Atzerodt to kill Vice President Andrew Johnson at his residence, the Kirkwood Hotel, and David E. Herold to guide Powell to the Seward house and then out of Washington to rendezvous with Booth in Maryland.
Booth planned to shoot Lincoln with his single-shot Derringer and then stab Grant with a knife at Ford's Theatre.
They were all to strike simultaneously shortly after ten o'clock that night.
Atzerodt wanted nothing to do with it, saying he had only signed up for a kidnapping, not a killing.
Booth told him he was in too far to back out.
Article: Teen Wolf
Section: Abstract

Question: Who directed the Film version of Teen Wolf?

Teen Wolf is a 1985 American fantasy comedy film released by Atlantic Releasing Corporation starring Michael J.
Fox as Scott Howard, a high school student who discovers that his family has an unusual pedigree when he finds himself transforming into a werewolf.
The film was directed by Rod Daniel based on a script co-written by Joseph Loeb III, Matthew Weisman, and Tim Hayes.
Article: It Will Rain
Section: Writing and production

Question: What date was the soundtrack available in stores?

"It Will Rain" is a love ballad co-written and produced by Bruno Mars and his songwriting and production team, The Smeezingtons.
The soundtrack disc hit stores on November 8, 2011.
Bruno described the new song as "think of the darker side of love".
the song was highly popular and successful.
Mars and his label Elektra Records celebrated the singer’s fourth #1 single on the "Billboard" Top 40 chart with this song.
"It Will Rain" is featured in the end credits of "".
Mars said the tune was halfway done before he viewed an early cut of the film and, inspired by its characters, put together the finishing touches.
Alexandra Patsavas, music supervisor for the "Twilight" films, said she picked Mars because the latest film centered on a wedding and, "Who more appropriate than Bruno Mars to write a timeless, classic wedding song?
"The singer recalls having to literally turn off the radio when hearing his song "It Will Rain" (written for 2011's "Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 1") because of his displeasure with the track's final mix.
"I felt like I was a mosquito singing," Mars says with noticeable agitation.
"I don't want that to happen again."
Article: Thailand
Section: Internet

Question: How fast does Thailands internet get?

In Bangkok, there are 23,000 free wi-fi internet hotspots provided to the public.
The Internet in Thailand also consists of 10Gbit/s high speed fiber-optic lines that can be leased and ISP's such as KIRZ that provide residential internet services.
The internet is censored by the Thai government, making some sites unreachable.
Organisations involved are the Royal Thai Police, the Communications Authority of Thailand, and the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology (MICT).
Article: Enough Said (film)
Section: Abstract

Question: What year was Enough Said released?

Enough Said (film)Enough Said is a 2013 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Nicole Holofcener.
The film stars Julia Louis-Dreyfus, James Gandolfini (in one of his final roles), Toni Collette, Catherine Keener, Ben Falcone, and Toby Huss.
It premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in early September before its release on September 18, 2013.
"Enough Said" has received widespread acclaim from critics, ranking as the fifth best-reviewed wide release of 2013.
Additionally, it has emerged as the most critically and commercially successful work in Holofcener's filmography to date.
The film has also received several major award nominations, including for a Golden Globe, a Screen Actors Guild Award, two Independent Spirit Awards and four Critics' Choice Movie Awards.
In particular, stars Louis-Dreyfus and Gandolfini have received notice for their work, along with Holofcener's script.
Article: All Is Lost
Section: Filming

Question: In the movie All Is Lost, how long did filming in the water tank require?

Principal photography began in mid-2012 at Baja Studios in Rosarito Beach in Mexico.
Baja Studios was originally built for the 1997 film "Titanic".
Filming took place for two months in the location's water tank.
At a press conference after the film's screening at Cannes 2013, Redford revealed that his ear was damaged during the production.
Being filmed on the water and largely within the confines of a sailboat and liferaft, the film was technically difficult.
It joined ranks with other water-plagued films: Alfred Hitchcock's "Lifeboat"; Roman Polanski's "Knife in the Water"; Kevin Costner's "Waterworld"; James Cameron's "Titanic"; Robert Zemeckis's "Cast Away" and Stephen Spielberg's "Jaws".
Article: India
Section: Society

Question: How is traditional Indian society defined?

Traditional Indian society is sometimes defined by social hierarchy.
The Indian caste system embodies much of the social stratification and many of the social restrictions found in the Indian subcontinent.
Social classes are defined by thousands of endogamous hereditary groups, often termed as "jātis", or "castes".
India declared the caste system and untouchability to be illegal in 1947 and has since enacted other anti-discriminatory laws and social welfare initiatives.
At the workplace in urban India and in international or leading Indian companies, the caste related identification has pretty much lost its importance.
Family values are important in the Indian tradition, and multi-generational patriarchal joint families have been the norm in India, though nuclear families are becoming common in urban areas.
An overwhelming majority of Indians, with their consent, have their marriages arranged by their parents or other family members.
Marriage is thought to be for life, and the divorce rate is extremely low.
Child marriages are common, especially in rural areas; many women in India wed before reaching 18, which is their legal marriageable age.
Female infanticide in India and female foeticide in India have caused a discrepancy in the sex ratio, as of 2005 it was estimated that there were 50 million more males than females in the nation.
However the recent report from 2011 shown improvement among the gender ratio.
The payment of Dowry, although illegal, remains widespread across class lines.
Deaths resulting from dowry, mostly from bride burning, is on the rise.
Many Indian festivals are religious in origin; among them are Chhath, Christmas, Diwali, Durga Puja, Bakr-Id, Eid ul-Fitr, Ganesh Chaturthi, Holi, Makar Sankranti or Uttarayan, Navratri, Thai Pongal, and Vaisakhi.
India has three national holidays which are observed in all states and union territories: Republic Day, Independence Day, and Gandhi Jayanti.
Other sets of holidays, varying between nine and twelve, are officially observed in individual states.
Throughout India, many people practice customs and religious rituals, such as "samskara," which is a series of "personal sacraments and rites conducted at various stages throughout life."
Article: Das Boot
Section: Historical accuracy

Question: In what real life city was the novel "U-96" based in 1941?

In the film, there is only one ardent Nazi in the crew of 40, namely the First Watch Officer (referred to comically in one scene as "Unser Hitlerjugendführer", "Our Hitler Youth Leader"), with the rest of the officers either indifferent or, in the Captain's case, openly cynical.
The enlisted sailors and non-commissioned officers are portrayed as apolitical.
In his book "Iron Coffins", former U-boat commander Herbert A. Werner states that the selection of naval personnel based on their loyalty to the party occurred only later in the war (from 1943 onward), when the U-boats were suffering high casualties.
At that stage in the war, morale was surely declining and this degree of skepticism may have occurred.
In support of "Das Boot" on this subject, U-Boat historian Michael Gannon maintains that the U-boat navy was one of the least pro-Nazi branches of the German armed forces.
Even though the beginning and the end of the film occur in the port of La Rochelle, it does not correspond historically.
The submarine base in La Rochelle was not functional before November 1941, and at the time of the film the port was dried up.
Moreover, none of the British fighter-bombers of late 1941 to early 1942 had the range to bomb La Rochelle from bases in the U.K.; however, it is possible the fighters were carrier-based and not land based.
While Saint-Nazaire was the base used in the novel, the film was changed to La Rochelle because its appearance had not changed to such a large degree in the years since World War II.
In real life, the "U-96" was based at Saint-Nazaire in late 1941.
It survived this period, but much like its on-screen fate, it actually was sunk by Allied bombers at its berth in Wilhelmshaven in March 1945.
Article: Sausage
Section: North Africa

Question: What is the main ingredient of Merguez?

North Africa.
Merguez is a red, spicy sausage from Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya, North Africa.
It is also popular in France, Israel and the German state of Saarland, where it is often grilled on a Schwenker.
Merguez is made with lamb, beef, or a mixture of both.
It can be flavored with a wide range of spices, such as sumac for tartness, and paprika, Cayenne pepper, or harissa, a hot chili paste that gives it a red color.
It is stuffed into a lamb casing, rather than a pork casing.
It is traditionally made fresh and eaten grilled or with couscous.
Sun-dried merguez is used to add flavor to tagines.
It is also eaten in sandwiches.
Article: Colosseum
Section: Abstract

Question: Name the emperor that began construction of the Colosseium?

The Colosseum or Coliseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre (Latin: "Amphitheatrum Flavium"; Italian: "Anfiteatro Flavio" or "Colosseo") is an elliptical amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy.
Built of concrete and stone, it was the largest amphitheatre of the Roman Empire, and is considered one of the greatest works of Roman architecture and engineering.
It is the largest amphitheatre in the world.
The Colosseum is situated just east of the Roman Forum.
Construction began under the emperor Vespasian in 70 AD, and was completed in 80 AD under his successor and heir Titus.
Further modifications were made during the reign of Domitian (81–96).
These three emperors are known as the Flavian dynasty, and the amphitheatre was named in Latin for its association with their family name "(Flavius)".
The Colosseum could hold, it is estimated, between 50,000 and 80,000 spectators, and was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles such as mock sea battles, animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based on Classical mythology.
The building ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval era.
It was later reused for such purposes as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry, and a Christian shrine.
Although in the 21st century it stays partially ruined because of damage caused by devastating earthquakes and stone-robbers, the Colosseum is an iconic symbol of Imperial Rome.
It is one of Rome's most popular tourist attractions and has close connections with the Roman Catholic Church, as each Good Friday the Pope leads a torchlit "Way of the Cross" procession that starts in the area around the Colosseum.
The Colosseum, like all the Historic Centre of Rome, Properties of the Holy See in Italy and the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls, was listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1980.
In 2007 the complex was also included among the New7Wonders of the World, following a competition organized by New Open World Corporation (NOWC).
The Colosseum is also depicted on the Italian version of the five-cent euro coin.
Article: Field hockey
Section: Penalty corner

Question: For an offence by a defender in the circle which does not prevent the probable scoring of a score?

The short or penalty corner is awarded: 
 for an offence by a defender in the circle which does not prevent the probable scoring of a goal
 for an intentional offence in the circle by a defender against an opponent who does not have possession of the ball or an opportunity to play the ball
 for an intentional offence by a defender outside the circle but within the 23-metre area they are defending
 for intentionally playing the ball over the back-line by a defender
 when the ball becomes lodged in a player's clothing or equipment while in the circle they are defending
Short corners begin with five defenders (usually including the keeper) positioned behind the back line and at least 5 m from the 'insert' position of the ball.
All other players in the defending team must be beyond the centre line, that is not in their 'own' half of the pitch, until the ball is in play.
Attacking players begin the play standing outside the scoring circle, except for one attacker who starts the corner by playing the ball from a mark 10 m either side of the goal (the circle has a 14.63 m radius).
This player puts the ball into play by pushing or hitting the ball to the other attackers outside the circle; the ball must pass outside the circle and then put back into the circle before the attackers may make a shot at the goal from which a goal can be scored.
FIH rules do not forbid a shot at goal before the ball leaves the circle after being 'inserted', nor is a shot at the goal from outside the circle prohibited, but a goal cannot be scored at all if the ball has not gone out of the circle and cannot be scored from a shot from outside the circle if it is not again played by an attacking player before it enters the goal.
For safety reasons, the first shot of a penalty corner must not exceed 460 mm high (the height of the "backboard" of the goal) at the point it crosses the goal line if it is hit.
However, if the ball is deemed to be below backboard height, the ball can be subsequently deflected above this height by another player (defender or attacker), providing that this deflection does not lead to danger.
Note that the "Slap" stroke (a sweeping motion towards the ball, where the stick is kept on or close to the ground when striking the ball) is classed as a hit, and so the first shot at goal must be below backboard height for this type of shot also.
If the first shot at goal in a short corner situation is a push, flick or scoop, in particular the "drag flick" (which has become popular at international and national league standards), the shot is permitted to rise above the height of the backboard, as long as the shot is not deemed dangerous to any opponent.
This form of shooting was developed because it is not height restricted in the same way as the first hit shot at the goal and players with good technique are able to drag-flick with as much power as many others can hit a ball.
Article: Quantum mechanics
Section: Step potential

Question: In quantum mechanics Step potential, each term of the solution can be interpreted as what?

The potential in this case is given by:
formula_3
The solutions are superpositions of left- and right-moving waves:
formula_4
formula_5
where the wave vectors are related to the energy via
formula_6, and
formula_7
with coefficients A and B determined from the boundary conditions and by imposing a continuous derivative on the solution.
Each term of the solution can be interpreted as an incident, reflected, or transmitted component of the wave, allowing the calculation of transmission and reflection coefficients.
Notably, in contrast to classical mechanics, incident particles with energies greater than the potential step are partially reflected.