community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Disneyland
Section: Critter Country

Question: What is the most interesting thing to visit in Critter County?

Critter Country opened in 1972 as "Bear Country", and was renamed in 1988.
Formerly the area was home to Indian Village, where indigenous tribespeople demonstrated their dances and other customs.
Today, the main draw of the area is Splash Mountain, a log-flume journey inspired by the Uncle Remus stories of Joel Chandler Harris and the animated segments of Disney's Academy Award-winning 1946 film, "Song of the South".
In 2003, a dark ride called The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh replaced the Country Bear Jamboree, which closed in 2001.
The attraction is still open in Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom.
Article: Nordic combined
Section: History

Question: How long have Norwegian soldiers skied competitively?

Norwegian soldiers are known to have been competing in Nordic skiing since the 19th century.
The first major competition in Nordic combined was held in 1892 in Oslo at the first Holmenkollen Ski Festival, an event still held annually.
In Norway, popularity of the Holmenkollen, and Nordic combined in general, was great.
It is still held in all Winter Olympics.
There is currently no women's competition sanctioned by the International Ski Federation.
The sport was included at the 1924 Winter Olympics, and has been on the programme ever since.
World Championships have been held since 1925.
Traditionally, Norway has always delivered top athletes in the sport, but Finland, Germany, Austria, and France are also among the top nations in the Nordic combined.
Article: Amélie
Section: Musical adaptation

Question: Dan Meese founded and performed in which band?

On 23 August 2013 composer Dan Messe, one of the founders and members of the band Hem, confirmed speculation that he would be writing the score for a musical adaptation of Amelie to premiere on Broadway.
He will be collaborating with Craig Lucas and Nathan Tysen.
Messe also confirmed he would be composing all original music for the show and not using the Yann Tiersen score.
Jeunet distanced himself from the musical, saying he only sold the rights to raise funds for children's charity "Mecenat Chirurgie Cardiaque" (Cardiac Surgery Patronage).
Article: Thermodynamics
Section: Dependent and independent variables for a process

Question: What are variables chose in advance?

A process is described by changes in values of state variables of systems or by quantities of exchange of matter and energy between systems and surroundings.
The change must be specified in terms of prescribed variables.
The choice of which variables are to be used is made in advance of consideration of the course of the process, and cannot be changed.
Certain of the variables chosen in advance are called the independent variables.
From changes in independent variables may be derived changes in other variables called dependent variables.
For example a process may occur at constant pressure with pressure prescribed as an independent variable, and temperature changed as another independent variable, and then changes in volume are considered as dependent.
Careful attention to this principle is necessary in thermodynamics.
Article: Doughnut
Section: United Kingdom

Question: What is the name of the glazed twisted rope donuts?

In some parts of Scotland, ring doughnuts are referred to as "doughrings", with the 'doughnut' moniker being reserved exclusively for the nut-shaped variety.
Glazed, twisted rope-shaped doughnuts are known as "yum-yums".
It is also possible to buy fudge doughnuts in certain regions of Scotland.
Also known as doughnoughts, referring to the 'zero' shape or 'nought', being supplied in bakeries and supermarkets.
Fillings include jam, custard, cream, sweet mincemeat, chocolate and apple.
Common ring toppings are sprinkle-iced and chocolate.
In Northern Ireland, ring doughnuts are known as 'gravy rings', gravy being an archaic term for hot cooking oil.
Article: Apollo 11
Section: Landing

Question: Why did the Apollo landing crew decide to begin preparations for the EVA early?

When Armstrong again looked outside, he saw that the computer's landing target was in a boulder-strewn area just north and east of a diameter crater (later determined to be "West crater," named for its location in the western part of the originally planned landing ellipse).
Armstrong took semi-automatic control and, with Aldrin calling out altitude and velocity data, landed at 20:17:40 UTC on July 20 with about 25 seconds of fuel left.
Apollo 11 landed with less fuel than other missions, and the astronauts encountered a premature low fuel warning.
This was later found to be the result of greater propellant 'slosh' than expected, uncovering a fuel sensor.
On subsequent missions, extra anti-slosh baffles were added to the tanks to prevent this.
Throughout the descent Aldrin had called out navigation data to Armstrong, who was busy piloting the LM.
A few moments before the landing, a light informed Aldrin that at least one of the probes hanging from "Eagle"'s footpads had touched the surface, and he said "Contact light!"
Three seconds later, "Eagle" landed and Armstrong said "Shutdown."
Aldrin immediately said "Okay, engine stop.
ACA - out of detent."
Armstrong acknowledged "Out of detent.
Auto" and Aldrin continued "Mode control - both auto.
Descent engine command override off.
Engine arm - off.
413 is in.
"Charles Duke, acting as CAPCOM during the landing phase, acknowledged their landing by saying "We copy you down, Eagle.
"Armstrong acknowledged Aldrin's completion of the post landing checklist with "Engine arm is off," before responding to Duke with the words, "Houston, Tranquility Base here.
The "Eagle" has landed."
Armstrong's unrehearsed change of call sign from "Eagle" to "Tranquility Base" emphasized to listeners that landing was complete and successful.
Duke mispronounced his reply as he expressed the relief at Mission Control: "Roger, Twan-- Tranquility, we copy you on the ground.
You got a bunch of guys about to turn blue.
We're breathing again.
Thanks a lot.
"Two and a half hours after landing, before preparations began for the EVA, Aldrin broadcast that:The schedule for the mission called for the astronauts to follow the landing with a five-hour sleep period, since they had been awake since early morning.
However, they elected to forgo the sleep period and begin the preparations for the EVA early, thinking that they would be unable to sleep.
Article: Chernobyl disaster
Section: The United Nations Development Programme

Question: When was the Chernobyl Recovery and Development Programme launched?

The United Nations Development Programme has launched in 2003 a specific project called the Chernobyl Recovery and Development Programme (CRDP) for the recovery of the affected areas.
The programme was initiated in February 2002 based on the recommendations in the report on Human Consequences of the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident.
The main goal of the CRDP's activities is supporting the Government of Ukraine in mitigating long-term social, economic, and ecological consequences of the Chernobyl catastrophe.
CRDP works in the four most Chernobyl-affected areas in Ukraine: Kyivska, Zhytomyrska, Chernihivska and Rivnenska.
Article: Egypt
Section: Dance in Egypt

Question: What are the two main styles of Egyptian belly dance?

Today, Egypt is often considered the home of belly dance.
Egyptian belly dance has two main styles - raqs baladi and raqs sharqi.
There are also numerous folkloric and character dances that may be part of an Egyptian-style belly dancer's repertoire, as well as the modern shaabi street dance which shares some elements with raqs baladi.
Samia Gamal was the most famous dancer in Egypt.
Article: Steak
Section: Skirt steak

Question: How does the skirt steaks cuisine prepared?

A skirt steak is a part of the plate (situated at the cow's abdomen), the steak is long, thick and tender and it is usually priced by its flavour rather than the tenderness because its flavour is better than its tenderness.
Skirt steaks are not to be confused with flank steaks because they are near the sirloin and shank.
Skirt steaks are used in many international cuisines: Mexican cuisine use this steak for fajitas and arrachera.
In the United Kingdom it is often used as filling for Cornish pasties as well as vegetables such as carrot and potato.
In Chinese cuisine it is used for stir-fries, in Spanish cuisine the steak is made for churrasco and Italian cuisine use skirt steak for making bolognese sauce as well as with tomatoes.
Article: Chemotherapy
Section: Antibody-drug conjugates

Question: What are ADCs?

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) comprise an antibody, drug and a linker between them.
The antibody will be targeted at a preferentially expressed protein in the tumour cells (known as a tumor antigen) or on cells that the tumor can utilise, such as blood vessel endothelial cells.
They bind to the tumor antigen and are internalised, where the linker releases the drug into the cell.
These specially targeted delivery vehicles vary in their stability, selectivity, and choice of target, but, in essence, they all aim to increase the maximum effective dose that can be delivered to the tumor cells.
Reduced systemic toxicity means that they can also be used in sicker patients, and that they can carry new chemotherapeutic agents that would have been far too toxic to deliver via traditional systemic approaches.
The first approved drug of this type was gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg), released by Wyeth (now Pfizer).
The drug was approved to treat acute myeloid leukemia, but has now been withdrawn from the market because the drug did not meet efficacy targets in further clinical trials.
Two other drugs, trastuzumab emtansine and brentuximab vedotin, are both in late clinical trials, and the latter has been granted accelerated approval for the treatment of refractory Hodgkins lymphoma and systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
Article: Terminator Salvation
Section: Abstract

Question: How much did the film "Terminator Salvation" gross?

Terminator Salvation is a 2009 American science fiction action film directed by McG and starring Christian Bale and Sam Worthington.
It is the fourth installment in the "Terminator" series.
In a departure from the previous installments, which were set between 1984 and 2004 and used time travel as a key plot element, "Salvation" is set in 2018 and focuses on the war between Skynet and humanity, with the human Resistance fighting against Skynet's killing machines.
Bale portrays John Connor, a Resistance fighter and the franchise's central character, while Worthington portrays cyborg Marcus Wright.
"Terminator Salvation" also features Anton Yelchin as a young Kyle Reese, a character first introduced in "The Terminator", and depicts the origin of the T-800 Model 101 Terminator.
After a troubled pre-production, with The Halcyon Company acquiring the rights for the franchise from Andrew G. Vajna and Mario Kassar and several writers working on the screenplay, filming began in May 2008 in New Mexico and ran for 77 days.
"Terminator Salvation" was released on May 21, 2009 in the United States and Canada, followed by early June releases in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.
Warner Bros. handled the North America release and Columbia Pictures the international one.
The film grossed over $371 million worldwide, but received negative reviews which criticized the story and the absence of Arnold Schwarzenegger, who was replaced by a digital computer graphics version.
Article: 2 Broke Girls
Section: Series synopsis

Question: How much money did Sophie lend in 2 Broke Girls, season two.

The series chronicles the lives of two waitresses in their mid twenties—Max Black (Kat Dennings), who comes from a poor working-class family, and Caroline Channing (Beth Behrs), who was born rich but is now disgraced and penniless due to her father, Martin Channing, getting caught operating a Bernard Madoff-esque Ponzi scheme—working together at a Brooklyn restaurant.
The two become friends and build toward their dream of one day opening a cupcake shop.
Among those working with them at the restaurant are their Korean boss, Han Lee (Matthew Moy); Oleg (Jonathan Kite), an upbeat but perverted Ukrainian cook; and Earl (Garrett Morris), a 75-year-old black cashier.
Also featured starting late in the first season is their neighbor and part-time boss Sophie (Jennifer Coolidge), a Polish immigrant who runs the housecleaning company Sophie's Choice.
During most of the first season Max is also a part-time nanny for the twin babies of Peach Landis (Brooke Lyons), who during the season adopts Caroline's horse Chestnut.
At the end of each episode a tally shows how much they have made toward their goal of $25,000 needed to open their business (it was original stated in the pilot to be the more realistic amount of $250,000).
Early in the second season, Sophie lends the girls $20,000, which is enough for them to start their business.
However, the business fails, and in the 18th episode they are forced to give up the lease of their cupcake shop with just enough money to pay off Sophie's loan, resetting the end of episode tally to $1.00.
During the third season, the girls reopen the business in the back room of the diner, using the window as a walk up window.
Max also enrolls in, and Caroline goes to work for, the Manhattan School of Pastry.
Article: Romania
Section: Independence and monarchy

Question: Which was happened alongside Russia and Romania ?

During the period of the Austro-Hungarian rule in Transylvania and Ottoman suzerainty over Wallachia and Moldavia, most Romanians were considered second-class citizens or even non-citizens in a territory where they formed the majority of the population.
Following the Wallachian uprising of 1821, more insurrections followed in 1848 in Wallachia as well as Moldavia.
The flag adopted for Wallachia by the revolutionaries was a blue-yellow-red horizontal tricolour (with blue above, in line with the meaning "Liberty, Justice, Fraternity"), while Romanian students in Paris hailed the new government with the same flag "as a symbol of union between Moldavians and Muntenians".
The same flag, with the tricolour being mounted vertically, would later on be officially adopted as the national flag of Romania.
After the failed 1848 Revolution, the Great Powers did not support the Romanians' expressed desire to officially unite in a one single state, which forced them to proceed alone with their struggle against the Ottomans.
The electors in both Moldavia and Wallachia chose in 1859 the same leader –Alexandru Ioan Cuza– to be their Ruling Prince ("Domnitor" in Romanian).
Thus, Romania was created as a personal union, albeit without including Transylvania.
There, the upper class and the aristocracy chose to remain under Hungarian rule, even though the Romanians were by far the most numerous ethnic Transylvanian group and constituted the absolute majority.
In an 1866 "coup d'état", Cuza was exiled and replaced by Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, who became known as Prince Carol I of Romania.
During the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War Romania fought on the Russian side, and as a result of it in the Treaty of San Stefano and the Treaty of Berlin, Romania was recognized as an independent state both by the Ottoman Empire and the Great Powers.
In return, Romania ceded the district of Bessarabia to Russia and acquired Dobruja.
In 1881, the principality was raised to a kingdom and Prince Carol became King Carol I of Romania.
The 1878–1914 period was one of stability and progress for Romania.
During the Second Balkan War, Romania joined Greece, Serbia, Montenegro and Turkey against Bulgaria, and in the peace Treaty of Bucharest (1913) Romania gained Southern Dobruja.
Article: Japan
Section: Infrastructure

Question: How many airports are in Japan?

, 46.1 percent of energy in Japan was produced from petroleum, 21.3 percent from coal, 21.4 percent from natural gas, 4.0 percent from nuclear power, and 3.3 percent from hydropower.
Nuclear power produced 9.2 percent of Japan's electricity, as of 2011, down from 24.9 percent the previous year.
However, as of May 5, 2012, all of the country's nuclear power plants had been taken offline because of ongoing public opposition following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, though government officials have been continuing to try to sway public opinion in favor of returning at least some of Japan's 50 nuclear reactors to service.
Given its heavy dependence on imported energy, Japan has aimed to diversify its sources and maintain high levels of energy efficiency.
Japan's road spending has been extensive.
Its 1.2 million kilometers of paved road are the main means of transportation.
A single network of high-speed, divided, limited-access toll roads connects major cities and is operated by toll-collecting enterprises.
New and used cars are inexpensive; car ownership fees and fuel levies are used to promote energy efficiency.
However, at just 50 percent of all distance traveled, car usage is the lowest of all G8 countries.
Dozens of Japanese railway companies compete in regional and local passenger transportation markets; major companies include seven JR enterprises, Kintetsu Corporation, Seibu Railway and Keio Corporation.
Some 250 high-speed Shinkansen trains connect major cities and Japanese trains are known for their safety and punctuality.
Proposals for a new Maglev route between Tokyo and Osaka are at an advanced stage.
There are 173 airports in Japan; the largest domestic airport, Haneda Airport, is Asia's second-busiest airport.
The largest international gateways are Narita International Airport, Kansai International Airport and Chūbu Centrair International Airport.
Nagoya Port is the country's largest and busiest port, accounting for 10 percent of Japan's trade value.
Article: Nordic combined
Section: Ski jumping equipment

Question: How much of the ski length must be used for the front part?

 Bindings
 The binding must be mounted parallel to the run-direction.
The binding must be placed in such a way that a maximum 57% of the entire ski length is used as the front part.
 Boots
 High-backed, flexible yet firm boots with a low cut at the front.
They are designed to allow the skier to lean forward during flight.
 Connection cord
 Part of the binding; a cord that attaches the ski to the boot and prevents the wobbling of skis during flight.
 Ski jumping suit
 All portions of the ski jumping suit must be made of the same material and must show a certain air permeability.
The size of the suit must conform to the body shape in an upright position with certain tolerances.
 Jumping skis
 Jumping skis are manufactured especially for use on ski jumping hills.
Skis with a length of a maximum 146% of the total body height of the competitor may be used.
The curvature and shape of the skis is restricted by certain geometric features.
Article: Brazil
Section: Demographics

Question: In 2008 what was the population of Brazil?

The population of Brazil, as recorded by the 2008 PNAD, was approximately 190 million (), with a ratio of men to women of 0.95:1 and 83.75% of the population defined as urban.
The population is heavily concentrated in the Southeastern (79.8 million inhabitants) and Northeastern (53.5 million inhabitants) regions, while the two most extensive regions, the Center-West and the North, which together make up 64.12% of the Brazilian territory, have a total of only 29.1 million inhabitants.
The first census in Brazil was carried out in 1872 and recorded a population of 9,930,478.
From 1880 to 1930, 4 million Europeans arrived.
Brazil's population increased significantly between 1940 and 1970, because of a decline in the mortality rate, even though the birth rate underwent a slight decline.
In the 1940s the annual population growth rate was 2.4%, rising to 3.0% in the 1950s and remaining at 2.9% in the 1960s, as life expectancy rose from 44 to 54 years and to 72.6 years in 2007.
It has been steadily falling since the 1960s, from 3.04% per year between 1950 and 1960 to 1.05% in 2008 and is expected to fall to a negative value of –0.29% by 2050 thus completing the demographic transition.
In 2008, the illiteracy rate was 11.48% and among the youth (ages 15–19) 1.74%.
It was highest (20.30%) in the Northeast, which had a large proportion of rural poor.
Illiteracy was high (24.18%) among the rural population and lower (9.05%) among the urban population.
Article: Marathon
Section: Origin

Question: Where does the name "marathon" come from?

The name "Marathon" comes from the legend of Pheidippides, a Greek messenger.
The legend states that he was sent from the battlefield of Marathon to Athens to announce that the Persians had been defeated in the Battle of Marathon (in which he had just fought), which took place in August or September, 490 BC.
It is said that he ran the entire distance without stopping and burst into the assembly, exclaiming ("nenikekamen", "we have wοn"), before collapsing and dying.
The account of the run from Marathon to Athens first appears in Plutarch's "On the Glory of Athens" in the 1st century AD which quotes from Heraclides Ponticus's lost work, giving the runner's name as either Thersipus of Erchius or Eucles.
Lucian of Samosata (2nd century AD) also gives the story but names the runner Philippides (not Pheidippides).
There is debate about the historical accuracy of this legend.
The Greek historian Herodotus, the main source for the Greco-Persian Wars, mentions Pheidippides as the messenger who ran from Athens to Sparta asking for help, and then ran back, a distance of over each way.
In some Herodotus manuscripts the name of the runner between Athens and Sparta is given as Philippides.
Herodotus makes no mention of a messenger sent from Marathon to Athens, and relates that the main part of the Athenian army, having fought and won the grueling battle, and fearing a naval raid by the Persian fleet against an undefended Athens, marched quickly back from the battle to Athens, arriving the same day.
In 1879, Robert Browning wrote the poem .
Browning's poem, his composite story, became part of late 19th century popular culture and was accepted as a historic legend.
Mount Penteli stands between Marathon and Athens, which means that, if Pheidippides actually made his famous run after the battle, he had to run around the mountain, either to the north or to the south.
The latter and more obvious route matches almost exactly the modern Marathon-Athens highway, which follows the lie of the land southwards from Marathon Bay and along the coast, then takes a gentle but protracted climb westwards towards the eastern approach to Athens, between the foothills of Mounts Hymettus and Penteli, and then gently downhill to Athens proper.
This route, as it existed when the Olympics were revived in 1896, was approximately long, and this was the approximate distance originally used for marathon races.
However there have been suggestions that Pheidippides might have followed another route: a westward climb along the eastern and northern slopes of Mount Penteli to the pass of Dionysos, and then a straight southward downhill path to Athens.
This route is considerably shorter, some , but includes a very steep initial climb of more than .