community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Fencing
Section: Universities and schools

Question: How many national tournaments does the US host for fencers?

Fencing has a long history with universities and schools for at least 500 years.
At least one style of fencing, Mensur in Germany, is practiced only within universities.
University students compete internationally at the World University Games.
The United States holds two national level university tournaments including the NCAA championship and the USACFC National Championships tournaments in the USA and the BUCS fencing championships in the United Kingdom.
Equipment costs and the relatively small scale of the sport limits university fencing to a small number of schools.
National fencing organizations have set up programs to encourage more students to fence.
Examples include the Regional Youth Circuit program in the USA and the Leon Paul Youth Development series in the UK.
In recent years, attempts have been made to introduce fencing to a wider and younger audience, by using foam and plastic swords, which require much less protective equipment.
This makes it much less expensive to provide classes, and makes it easier to take fencing to a wider range of schools than traditionally has been the case.
There is even a competition series in Scotland – the Plastic-and-Foam Fencing FunLeague – specifically for Primary and early Secondary school-age children using this equipment.
The UK hosts two national competitions in which schools compete against each other directly: the Public Schools Fencing Championship, a competition only open to Independent Schools, and the Scottish Secondary Schools Championships, open to all secondary schools in Scotland.
It contains both teams and individual events and is highly anticipated.
Schools organise matches directly against one another and school age pupils can compete individually in the British Youth Championships.
Many universities in Ontario, Canada have fencing teams that participate in an annual inter-university competition called the OUA Finals.
Article: Spain
Section: Property boom and bust

Question: When did the bubble impode?

The adoption of the Euro saw a marked reduction in interest rates to historic lows.
The growth in the Spanish property market, which had begun in 1997, accelerated and within a few years had developed into a property bubble, financed largely by the cajas (regional savings banks under the oversight of the regional governments) and fed by the historically low interest rates and a massive growth of immigration.
The Spanish economy was credited for having avoided the virtual zero growth rate of some of its largest partners in the EU.
The country's economy created more than half of all the new jobs in the European Union over the five years ending 2005.
The bubble imploded in 2008, causing the collapse of Spain's large property related and construction sectors, causing mass layoffs, and a collapsing domestic demand for goods and services.
By the end of May 2009, unemployment reached 18.7% (37% for youths).
At first, Spain's banks and financial services avoided the early crisis of their counterparts in the US and UK.
This was particularly the case with Spain's international banks, Banco Santander and BBVA, that had diversified, international portfolios and had actively limited their exposure to housing mortgage risk.
Banco Santander was able to profit from the global financial crisis by taking over distressed British banking firms.
However, as the recession deepened and property prices slid, the growing bad debts of the smaller regional savings banks, the cajas, forced the intervention of Spain's central bank and government through a stabilisation and consolidation program, taking over or consolidating regional cajas and finally receiving a bank bailout from the European Central Bank in 2012.
Article: Captain Phillips (film)
Section: Abstract

Question: Is Captain Phillips based on a true story?

Captain Phillips (film)Captain Phillips is a 2013 American thriller film directed by Paul Greengrass and starring Tom Hanks and Barkhad Abdi.
The film is based on the true story of the 2009 "Maersk Alabama" hijacking, an incident during which merchant mariner Captain Richard Phillips was taken hostage by pirates in the Indian Ocean led by Abduwali Muse.
The screenplay was written by Billy Ray, and is based on the 2010 book "A Captain's Duty: Somali Pirates, Navy SEALs, and Dangerous Days at Sea" by Richard Phillips with Stephan Talty.
Scott Rudin, Dana Brunetti and Michael De Luca served as producers on the project.
It premiered at the 2013 New York Film Festival, and was theatrically released on October 11, 2013.
The film emerged as a box office success with earnings of over $217 million against a budget of $55 million.
In 2014, "Captain Phillips" received six Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture and Best Supporting Actor for Abdi, but did not win in any of the categories.
Article: Sinking of the RMS Titanic
Section: Cultural aftermath and wreckage

Question: When was the wreck of the Titanic discovered?

"Titanic"'s sinking became a cultural phenomenon, commemorated by numerous artists, film-makers, writers, composers, musicians and dancers from the time immediately after the sinking to the present day.
On 1 September 1985 a joint US-French expedition led by Robert Ballard found the wreck of "Titanic", and the ship's rediscovery led to an explosion of interest in "Titanic"s story.
In 1997, James Cameron's eponymous film became the first movie ever to take $1 billion at the box office, and the became the best selling soundtrack recording of all time.
Numerous expeditions have been launched to film the wreck and, controversially, to salvage objects from the debris field.
Although many artefacts have been recovered and conserved, the wreck itself is steadily decaying, turning to oxide at a typical marine rate of 0.5-1 ton per day (assuming one ten-thousandth of an inch per day on all surfaces).
In time, "Titanic"s structure will collapse into a pile of iron and steel fragments.
Eventually she will be reduced to a spot of rust on the seabed, with the remaining scraps of the ship's hull mingled with her more durable fittings, like her propellers, the bronze capstans and the telemotor.
Article: American Dad!
Section: Closing theme

Question: What could be seen at the end of the credits of the first season of "American Dad"?

The final frame of the introduction was changed for seasons beyond the first season.
At the end of the credits in the first season, all that could be seen was a big "American Dad!"
logo in front of the American flag.
In all subsequent scenes, this logo was shrunk to fit the names to the series creators on the same screen.
Following each episode's ending credits is a live action video of a security guard representing the Underdog Productions logo.
In the logo, the security guard always breaks the fourth wall, waving and typically stating "Bye, have a beautiful time", into the camcorder.
There are, however, different versions of this logo where his comments are different from the above.
Article: Sailing
Section: Hull trim

Question: What is the adjustment of a boat's loading so as to change its fore-and-aft attitude in the water?

Hull trim is the adjustment of a boat's loading so as to change its fore-and-aft attitude in the water.
In small boats, it is done by positioning the crew.
In larger boats the weight of a person has less effect on the hull trim, but it can be adjusted by shifting gear, fuel, water, or supplies.
Different hull trim efforts are required for different kinds of boats and different conditions.
Here are just a few examples: In a lightweight racing dinghy like a Thistle, the hull should be kept level, on its designed water line for best performance in all conditions.
In many small boats, weight too far aft can cause drag by submerging the transom, especially in light to moderate winds.
Weight too far forward can cause the bow to dig into the waves.
In heavy winds, a boat with its bow too low may capsize by pitching forward over its bow (pitch-pole) or dive under the waves (submarine).
On a run in heavy winds, the forces on the sails tend to drive a boat's bow down, so the crew weight is moved far aft.
Article: Fencing
Section: Governing body

Question: Where is the head office of the FIE?

Competitive fencing.
Governing body.
Fencing is governed by Fédération Internationale d'Escrime or FIE.
Today, its head office is in Lausanne, Switzerland.
The FIE is composed of 145 national federations, each of which is recognized by its country's Olympic Committee as the sole representative of Olympic-style fencing in that country.
Article: Handball
Section: Team officials

Question: Whose permission is required for team officials to enter the playing court in handball?

Each team is allowed to have a maximum of four team officials seated on the benches.
An official is anybody who is neither player nor substitute.
One official must be the designated representative who is usually the team manager.
The representative may call a team timeout once every period and may address the scorekeeper, timekeeper, and referees.
As of 2012, the representative may call a total of three team timeouts, with a maximum of two per period.
Other officials typically include physicians or managers.
Neither official is allowed to enter the playing court without the permission of the referees.
Article: How to Save a Life
Section: Release

Question: When was the album featuring the song How to save a life reeased?

The album was released on September 13, 2005 by Epic Records.
While the album did not make a splash commercially or critically initially, the success of "Over My Head (Cable Car)" propelled the album from the Top Heatseekers chart to the top 20 of The "Billboard" 200 chart.
The release of the second single, "How to Save a Life", a world-wide smash, helped the album enter the top 5 in several charts across the world, and brought The Fray mainstream popularity.
The song remains the band's best known and most successful song to date.
Article: Thailand
Section: Abstract

Question: How much of the percentage of the population is Tai?

Thailand ( or ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Thailand (, ; ), formerly known as Siam (; ), is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia.
It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Burma.
Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India in the Andaman Sea to the southwest.
The country is a constitutional monarchy, headed by King Rama IX, the ninth king of the House of Chakri, who, having reigned since 1946, is the world's longest-serving current head of state and the longest-reigning monarch in Thai history.
The king of Thailand is titled Head of State, Head of the Armed Forces, Adherent of Buddhism, and Upholder of religions.
Thailand is the world's 51st-largest country in terms of total area, with an area of approximately , and is the 20th-most-populous country, with around 64 million people.
The capital and largest city is Bangkok, which is Thailand's political, commercial, industrial and cultural hub.
About 75–85% of the population is ethnically Tai, which includes the four major regional groups, consisting of Central Thai (Khon Pak Klang): 30%; Northeastern Thai (Khon Isan): 22%, Northern Thai (Khon Lanna): 9%; and Southern Thai (Khon Tai): 7%.
Thai Chinese, those of significant Chinese heritage, are 14% of the population and up to 40% possess part-Chinese ancestry.
Thai Malays represent 3% of the population and the rest belong to minority groups, including Mons, Khmers and various "hill tribes".
The country's official language is Thai and the primary religion is Buddhism, which is practised by around 95% of the population.
Thailand experienced rapid economic growth between 1985 and 1996, and is presently a newly industrialized country and a major exporter.
Tourism also contributes significantly to the Thai economy.
The country was ranked second in the 2014 United Nations Human Development Index (HDI), which measures quality of life according to areas such as life expectancy and income.
There are approximately 2.2 million legal and illegal migrants in Thailand, and the country attracts a significant number of expatriates from developed countries.
Article: The Shawshank Redemption
Section: Critical response

Question: What is the approval rating for Shawshank Redemption on Rotten Tomatoes?

"Entertainment Weekly" reviewer Owen Gleiberman praised the choice of scenery, writing that the "moss-dark, saturated images have a redolent sensuality" that makes the film very realistic.
While praising Morgan Freeman's acting and oratory skills as making Red appear real, Gleiberman felt that with the "laconic-good-guy, neo-Gary Cooper role, Tim Robbins is unable to make Andy connect with the audience.
"The film garnered a 90% approval rating from 63 critics—an average rating of 8.2 out of 10—on review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes.
Metacritic provides a score of 80 out of 100 from 19 critics, which indicates "generally favorable" reviews.
Article: Quantum mechanics
Section: Quantum mechanics and classical physics

Question: When is quantum coherence evident at macroscopic scales?

 and classical physics.
Predictions of quantum mechanics have been verified experimentally to an extremely high degree of accuracy.
According to the correspondence principle between classical and quantum mechanics, all objects obey the laws of quantum mechanics, and classical mechanics is just an approximation for large systems of objects (or a statistical quantum mechanics of a large collection of particles).
The laws of classical mechanics thus follow from the laws of quantum mechanics as a statistical average at the limit of large systems or large quantum numbers.
However, chaotic systems do not have good quantum numbers, and quantum chaos studies the relationship between classical and quantum descriptions in these systems.
Quantum coherence is an essential difference between classical and quantum theories as illustrated by the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) paradox — an attempt to disprove quantum mechanics by an appeal to local realism.
Quantum interference involves adding together "probability amplitudes", whereas classical "waves" infer that there is an adding together of "intensities".
For microscopic bodies, the extension of the system is much smaller than the coherence length, which gives rise to long-range entanglement and other nonlocal phenomena characteristic of quantum systems.
Quantum coherence is not typically evident at macroscopic scales, though an exception to this rule may occur at extremely low temperatures (i.e.
approaching absolute zero) at which quantum behavior may manifest itself macroscopically.
This is in accordance with the following observations:
 Many macroscopic properties of a classical system are a direct consequence of the quantum behavior of its parts.
For example, the stability of bulk matter (consisting of atoms and molecules which would quickly collapse under electric forces alone), the rigidity of solids, and the mechanical, thermal, chemical, optical and magnetic properties of matter are all results of the interaction of electric charges under the rules of quantum mechanics.
 While the seemingly "exotic" behavior of matter posited by quantum mechanics and relativity theory become more apparent when dealing with particles of extremely small size or velocities approaching the speed of light, the laws of classical, often considered "Newtonian", physics remain accurate in predicting the behavior of the vast majority of "large" objects (on the order of the size of large molecules or bigger) at velocities much smaller than the velocity of light.
Article: Nanking Massacre
Section: Japan

Question: What touches on national identity and notions of pride, honor, and shame?

In Japan, the Nanking Massacre touches upon national identity and notions of "pride, honor and shame."
Yoshida argues that "Nanking crystallizes a much larger conflict over what should constitute the ideal perception of the nation: Japan, as a nation, acknowledges its past and apologizes for its wartime wrongdoings; or .
.
.
stands firm against foreign pressures and teaches Japanese youth about the benevolent and courageous martyrs who fought a just war to save Asia from Western aggression."
Recognizing the Nanking Massacre as such can be viewed in some circles in Japan as "Japan bashing" (in the case of foreigners) or "self-flagellation" (in the case of Japanese).
The majority of Japanese acknowledge that Japanese troops committed atrocities during the Nanking Massacre.
Some Japanese officials and writers have openly denied the incident, claiming it to be propaganda designed to spark an anti-Japan movement.
In many ways, how "atrocious" the massacre was is the touchstone of left/right divide in Japan; i.e., leftists feel this is a defining moment of the Imperial Japanese Army; rightists believe Perry's opening of Japan and the atomic bombings are far more significant events.
Article: Invasion of Normandy
Section: Codenames

Question: What was the purpose of the code name "Overlord"?

The Allies assigned codenames to the various operations involved in the invasion.
"Overlord" was the name assigned to the establishment of a large-scale lodgement on the northern portion of the Continent.
The first phase, the establishment of a secure foothold, was codenamed "Neptune".
According to the D-day museum:
""The armed forces use codenames to refer to the planning and execution of specific military operations.
Operation Overlord was the codename for the Allied invasion of northwest Europe.
The assault phase of Operation Overlord was known as Operation Neptune.
(...) Operation Neptune began on D-Day (June 6th 1944) and ended on 30 June 1944.
By this time, the Allies had established a firm foothold in Normandy.
Operation Overlord also began on D-Day, and continued until Allied forces crossed the River Seine on 19 August 1944.
""
Officers with knowledge of D-Day were not to be sent where there was the slightest danger of being captured.
These officers were given the codename of "Bigot", derived from the words "To Gib" (To Gibraltar) that was stamped on the papers of officers who took part in the North African invasion in 1942.
On the night of 27 April, during Exercise Tiger, a pre-invasion exercise off the coast of Slapton Sands beach, several American LSTs were attacked by German E boats and among the 638 Americans killed in the attack and a further 308 killed by friendly fire, ten "Bigots" were listed as missing.
As the invasion would be cancelled if any were captured or unaccounted for, their fate was given the highest priority and eventually all ten bodies were recovered.
Article: Disneyland
Section: Abstract

Question: How many jobs are supported by Disneyland?

Disneyland Park, originally Disneyland, is the first of two theme parks built at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, opened on July 17, 1955.
It is the only theme park designed and built under the direct supervision of Walt Disney.
It was originally the only attraction on the property; its name was changed to Disneyland Park to distinguish it from the expanding complex in the 1990s.
Walt Disney came up with the concept of Disneyland after visiting various amusement parks with his daughters in the 1930s and 1940s.
He initially envisioned building a tourist attraction adjacent to his studios in Burbank to entertain fans who wished to visit; however, he soon realized that the proposed site was too small.
After hiring a consultant to help him determine an appropriate site for his project, Walt bought a site near Anaheim in 1953.
Construction began in 1954 and the park was unveiled during a special televised press event on the ABC Television Network on July 17, 1955.
Since its opening, Disneyland has undergone a number of expansions and renovations, including the addition of New Orleans Square in 1966, Bear Country (now Critter Country) in 1972, and Mickey's Toontown in 1993.
Disney California Adventure Park was built on the site of Disneyland's original parking lot and opened in 2001.
Disneyland has a larger cumulative attendance than any other theme park in the world, with over 650 million guests since it opened.
In 2011, the park hosted approximately 16.14 million guests, making it the second most visited park in the world that calendar year.
According to a March 2005 report from the Disney Company, there are 65,700 jobs supported by the Disneyland Resort, which includes, at the Resort itself, 20,000 direct Disney employees and 3,800 third-party employees (that is, independent contractors or their employees).
Article: Gilmore Girls
Section: Broadcast history

Question: How many seasons were in the Gilmore Girls?

"Gilmore Girls" first season commenced in the Thursday 8pm/7pm Central time slot, as a lead in for "Charmed".
Renewed for a second season, the show was relocated on Tuesdays 8pm/7pm, the time slot of "Buffy the Vampire Slayer", which transferred to UPN, and served as a lead-in for "Smallville".
In its syndicated release in the United States, the show airs on the ABC Family Channel, and from 2009-2013, aired in weekend timeslots on their sister network SOAPnet, which closed at the start of 2014.
First season reruns aired on Monday nights from March until May 2001 while "Roswell" was on hiatus.
An additional run of the first season aired in summer of 2002 on Sunday nights under the title "Gilmore Girls Beginnings", and was one of two shows on The WB to give the "Beginnings" in its title for reruns (the other being "7th Heaven").
In the United Kingdom "Gilmore Girls" was initially screened on Nickelodeon from 2003.
It remains the only hour-long series to air thereon to date.
Only the first three seasons were shown, with episodes edited for content and some, like "The Big One," dropped entirely.
The series was subsequently picked up by the Hallmark Channel, which gave UK premieres to Seasons 4 and 5, and E4, which continues to show all seven seasons in rotation, with occasional cuts to render it suitable for its early time slot.
On 16 January 2012, Gilmore Girls aired its final episode on UK Channel E4.
All seven seasons are now being aired, unedited, on 5*.
In Brazil and Mexico, the show premiered in November 5, 2000 on Warner Channel.
Then it was shown Boomerang across Latin America.
Article: Italy
Section: Architecture

Question: What are some examples of fine works of Western architecture that can be found in Italy?

Italy has a very broad and diverse architectural style, which cannot be simply classified by period, but also by region, because of Italy's division into several regional states until 1861.
This has created a highly diverse and eclectic range in architectural designs.
Italy is known for its considerable architectural achievements, such as the construction of arches, domes and similar structures during ancient Rome, the founding of the Renaissance architectural movement in the late-14th to 16th centuries, and being the homeland of Palladianism, a style of construction which inspired movements such as that of Neoclassical architecture, and influenced the designs which noblemen built their country houses all over the world, notably in the UK, Australia and the US during the late 17th to early 20th centuries.
Several of the finest works in Western architecture, such as the Colosseum, the Milan Cathedral and Florence cathedral, the Leaning Tower of Pisa and the building designs of Venice are found in Italy.
Italian architecture has also widely influenced the architecture of the world.
British architect Inigo Jones, inspired by the designs of Italian buildings and cities, brought back the ideas of Italian Renaissance architecture to 17th-century England, being inspired by Andrea Palladio.
Additionally, Italianate architecture, popular abroad since the 19th century, was used to describe foreign architecture which was built in an Italian style, especially modelled on Renaissance architecture.