community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Assassination of John F. Kennedy
Section: Criticism of Secret Service

Question: Who told Dallas police not to use its usual force on the day Kennedy was assassinated?

Sgt.
Davis, of the Dallas Police Department, believed he had prepared stringent security precautions, in an attempt to prevent demonstrations like those marking the Adlai Stevenson visit from happening again.
The previous month, Stevenson, the United States Ambassador to the United Nations, was assaulted by an anti-UN demonstrator.
But Winston Lawson of the Secret Service, who was in charge of the planning, told the Dallas Police not to assign its usual squad of experienced homicide detectives to follow immediately behind the President's car.
This police protection was routine for both visiting presidents and for motorcades of other visiting dignitaries.
Police Chief Jesse Curry later testified that had his men been in place, they might have been able to stop the assassin before he fired a second shot, because they carried submachine guns and rifles.
An investigation by the House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) in 1979 concluded that "the Secret Service was deficient in the performance of its duties."
The HSCA stated:
That President Kennedy had not received adequate protection in Dallas.
That the Secret Service possessed information that was not properly analyzed, investigated, or used by the Secret Service in connection with the President's trip to Dallas.
That the Secret Service agents in the motorcade were inadequately prepared to protect the President from a sniper.
The HSCA specifically noted:No actions were taken by the agent in the right front seat of the Presidential limousine [ Roy Kellerman ] to cover the President with his body, although it would have been consistent with Secret Service procedure for him to have done so.
The primary function of the agent was to remain at all times in close proximity to the President in the event of such emergencies.
Article: Quantum mechanics
Section: Step potential

Question: What are the solution terms for step potential?

The potential in this case is given by:
formula_3
The solutions are superpositions of left- and right-moving waves:
formula_4
formula_5
where the wave vectors are related to the energy via
formula_6, and
formula_7
with coefficients A and B determined from the boundary conditions and by imposing a continuous derivative on the solution.
Each term of the solution can be interpreted as an incident, reflected, or transmitted component of the wave, allowing the calculation of transmission and reflection coefficients.
Notably, in contrast to classical mechanics, incident particles with energies greater than the potential step are partially reflected.
Article: Wide Awake (Katy Perry song)
Section: Background

Question: Who directed the music video for Wide Awake?

Music video.
In March 2012, during an interview with MTV, Perry stated: "I know exactly what that music video is.
I know exactly who is directing it.
I know the art direction, the people, the narrative, and I had that idea while I was writing the song".
Filming of the official 3D music video for "Wide Awake" began on April 30, 2012 and ended on May 2, 2012.
The music video was directed by Tony T. Datis and will be used as a tie-in promotion for her 2012 3D autobiographical documentary film, "", as part of her deal with Pepsi.
On June 12, 2012, an official trailer directed by Lance Drake, was released on Perry's VEVO channel.
It started with a girl flipping through a book which displays flashbacks of the "Teenage Dream" era, describing each of the singles as a 'chapter', with Wide Awake being 'the final chapter'.
It also unveiled that there will be a fairytale storyline, with 'a giant labyrinth, a poisoned strawberry, a curious cat, prince charming, and a little girl'.
A second preview aired on June 13, 2012 during the season finale of the program "Randy Jackson Presents: America's Best Dance Crew".
Article: Call Me Maybe
Section: Composition

Question: What is the tempo of the song "Call Me Maybe"?

Melody Lau of "Rolling Stone" wrote that "Call Me Maybe" is a "Taylor Swift meets Robyn" song.
Jon O'Brien of Allmusic stated that the songs of "Curiosity" recall the bubblegum pop era of Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera, and added that "Call Me Maybe" is a combination of teen pop and synthpop with "a chorus that just about straddles that fine line between sugary sweet and sickly."
Tiffany Lee of Yahoo!
Music deemed it as an instant summer hit, and added that "Call Me Maybe" has "a good beat, great melody and catchy lyrics; something you and your friends can belt out in the car while driving to the beach, a party, and pretty much anywhere."
Jon Caramanica of "The New York Times" wrote that the song is "breezy and sweet, an eyelash-fluttering flirtation run hard through the Disney-pop model of digitized feelings and brusque, chipper arrangements.
"According to Musicnotes.com, "Call Me Maybe" is written in the key of G major with a moderate tempo of 120 beats per minute.
Jepsen's vocals span from G3 to C5, and the song follows a key progression of Cmaj7–G/D–Cmaj7–G/D.
Article: The Matrix
Section: Development

Question: Who were the producers, aside from Warner Bros, of the matrix?

In 1994, the Wachowskis presented the script for the film "Assassins" to Warner Brothers.
After Lorenzo di Bonaventura, the president of production of the company at the time, read the script, he decided to buy rights to it and included two more pictures, "Bound" and "The Matrix", in the contract.
The first movie the Wachowskis directed, "Bound", then became a critical success.
Using this momentum, the brothers later asked to direct "The Matrix".
Producer Joel Silver soon joined the project.
Although the project had key supporters like Silver and Di Bonaventura to influence the company, "The Matrix" was still a huge investment for Warner Bros, which had to invest $60 million to create a movie with deep philosophical ideas and difficult special effects.
The Wachowskis therefore hired underground comic book artists Geof Darrow and Steve Skroce to draw a 600-page, shot-by-shot storyboard for the entire film.
The storyboard eventually earned the studio's approval, and it was decided to film in Australia to make the most of the budget.
Soon, "The Matrix" became a co-production of Warner Bros. and the Australian company Village Roadshow Pictures.
Article: Croissant
Section: Origin

Question: what is the origin of the croissant's name?

The Kipferl, ancestor of the croissant, has been documented in Austria going back at least as far as the 13th century, in various shapes.
The Kipferl can be made plain or with nut or other fillings (some consider the rugelach a form of Kipferl).
The "birth" of the croissant itself – that is, its adaptation from the plainer form of Kipferl, before the invention of Viennoiserie – can be dated with some precision to at latest 1839 (some say 1838), when an Austrian artillery officer, August Zang, founded a Viennese bakery ("Boulangerie Viennoise") at 92, rue de Richelieu in Paris.
This bakery, which served Viennese specialities including the Kipferl and the Vienna loaf, quickly became popular and inspired French imitators (and the concept, if not the term, viennoiserie, a 20th-century term for supposedly Vienna-style pastries).
The French version of the Kipferl was named for its crescent ("croissant") shape and has become a identifiable shape across the world.
Alan Davidson, editor of the "Oxford Companion to Food", found no printed recipe for the present-day croissant in any French recipe book before the early 20th century; the earliest French reference to a croissant he found was among the "fantasy or luxury breads" in Payen's "Des substances alimentaires", 1853.
However, early recipes for non-laminated croissants can be found in the nineteenth century and at least one reference to croissants as an established French bread appeared as early as 1850.
Zang himself returned to Austria in 1848 to become a press magnate, but the bakery remained popular for some time after, and was mentioned in several works of the time: "This same M. Zank ...founded around 1830 , in Paris, the famous Boulangerie viennoise".
Several sources praise this bakery's products: "Paris is of exquisite delicacy; and, in particular, the succulent products of the Boulangerie Viennoise"; "which seemed to us as fine as if it came from the Viennese bakery on the rue de Richelieu".
By 1869, the croissant was well established enough to be mentioned as a breakfast staple, and in 1872, Charles Dickens wrote (in his periodical "All the Year Round") of: the workman's pain de ménage and the soldier's pain de munition, to the dainty croissant on the boudoir tableThe puff pastry technique which now characterizes the croissant was already mentioned in the late 17th century, when La Varenne's "Le Cuisinier françois" gave a recipe for it in the 1680 – and possibly earlier – editions.
It was typically used, not on its own, but for shells holding other ingredients (as in a vol-au-vent).
But it does not appear to be mentioned in relation to the croissant until the twentieth century.
Article: The New Normal (TV series)
Section: Abstract

Question: Does The n

The New Normal (TV series)The New Normal is an American sitcom that aired on NBC from September 10, 2012 to April 2, 2013.
The series was created and principally written by Ryan Murphy and Ali Adler.
The storyline follows wealthy same-sex couple Bryan (Andrew Rannells) and David (Justin Bartha), who are living in Los Angeles.
Deciding to have a child, they choose a surrogate mother, Goldie Clemmons (Georgia King), who moves into their home with her 9-year-old daughter Shania (Bebe Wood).
The series aired Tuesdays at 9:30 pm Eastern/8:30 pm Central after the new comedy series "Go On", as part of the 2012–13 United States network television schedule.
On October 2, 2012, NBC commissioned a full season of "The New Normal".
"The New Normal" was officially canceled on May 11, 2013.
Article: Tennis
Section: Grip

Question: Is the eastern group used for backhands?

A grip is a way of holding the racquet in order to hit shots during a match.
The grip affects the angle of the racquet face when it hits the ball and influences the pace, spin, and placement of the shot.
Players use various grips during play, including the Continental (The "Handshake Grip"), Eastern (Can be either semi-eastern or full eastern.
Usually used for backhands.
), and Western (semi-western or full western, usually for forehand grips) grips.
Most players change grips during a match depending on what shot they are hitting; for example, slice shots and serves call for a Continental grip.
Article: Girl with a Pearl Earring
Section: References in fiction

Question: Did the novel "Girl with a Pearl Earring" influence any films or plays?

Tracy Chevalier wrote a historical novel, also entitled "Girl with a Pearl Earring" (1999), fictionalizing the circumstances of the painting's creation.
In the novel, Johannes Vermeer becomes close with a fictional servant named Griet (based on Chevalier's close friend Georgia Kendall), whom he hires as an assistant and has sit for him as a painting model while wearing his wife's pearl earrings.
The novel inspired a 2003 film and 2008 play of the same name.
The 2003 film stars Scarlett Johansson as the girl with the pearl earring, Griet.
Johansson was nominated for various awards including a Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role.
Article: National Air and Space Museum
Section: Abstract

Question: The National Air and Space Museum was originally created when?

The National Air and Space Museum (NASM) of the Smithsonian Institution holds the largest collection of historic aircraft and spacecraft in the world in of exhibition floor space.
It was established in 1946, as the National Air Museum and opened its main building in 1976.
Located in Washington, D.C., United States, it is a center for research into the history and science of aviation and spaceflight, as well as planetary science and terrestrial geology and geophysics.
Almost all space and aircraft on display are originals or backups to the originals.
It operates an annex, the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, at Dulles International Airport, which opened in 2003 and itself encompasses .
The museum currently conducts restoration of its collection at the Paul E. Garber Preservation, Restoration, and Storage Facility in Suitland, Maryland.
Article: Evolution
Section: Mutation

Question: Antibiotics for large enzymes are called what?

Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence of a cell's genome.
When mutations occur, they can either have no effect, alter the product of a gene, or prevent the gene from functioning.
Based on studies in the fly "Drosophila melanogaster", it has been suggested that if a mutation changes a protein produced by a gene, this will probably be harmful, with about 70% of these mutations having damaging effects, and the remainder being either neutral or weakly beneficial.
Mutations can involve large sections of a chromosome becoming duplicated (usually by genetic recombination), which can introduce extra copies of a gene into a genome.
Extra copies of genes are a major source of the raw material needed for new genes to evolve.
This is important because most new genes evolve within gene families from pre-existing genes that share common ancestors.
For example, the human eye uses four genes to make structures that sense light: three for colour vision and one for night vision; all four are descended from a single ancestral gene.
New genes can be generated from an ancestral gene when a duplicate copy mutates and acquires a new function.
This process is easier once a gene has been duplicated because it increases the redundancy of the system; one gene in the pair can acquire a new function while the other copy continues to perform its original function.
Other types of mutations can even generate entirely new genes from previously noncoding DNA.
The generation of new genes can also involve small parts of several genes being duplicated, with these fragments then recombining to form new combinations with new functions.
When new genes are assembled from shuffling pre-existing parts, domains act as modules with simple independent functions, which can be mixed together to produce new combinations with new and complex functions.
For example, polyketide synthases are large enzymes that make antibiotics; they contain up to one hundred independent domains that each catalyse one step in the overall process, like a step in an assembly line.
Article: Watergate scandal
Section: Release of the tapes

Question: Who were the parties on the tapes and when did the conversations take place?

The tapes revealed several crucial conversations that took place between the President and his counsel, John Dean, on March 21, 1973.
In this conversation, Dean summarized many aspects of the Watergate case, and focused on the subsequent coverup, describing it as a "cancer on the presidency."
The burglary team was being paid hush money for their silence and Dean stated: "That's the most troublesome post-thing, because Bob is involved in that; John [Ehrlichman is involved in that; I am involved in that; Mitchell is involved in that.
And that's an obstruction of justice."
Dean continues and states that Howard Hunt is blackmailing the White House, demanding money immediately, and President Nixon replies that the blackmail money should be paid: "…just looking at the immediate problem, don't you have to have – handle Hunt's financial situation damn soon?
[…] you've got to keep the cap on the bottle that much, in order to have any options.
"At the time of the initial congressional impeachment, it was not known if Nixon had known and approved of the payments to the Watergate defendants earlier than this conversation.
Nixon's conversation with Haldeman on August 1, 1972, is one of several that establishes this.
Nixon states: "Well…they have to be paid.
That's all there is to that.
They have to be paid."
During the congressional debate on impeachment, some believed that impeachment required a criminally indictable offense.
President Nixon's agreement to make the blackmail payments was regarded as an affirmative act to obstruct justice.
On December 7, 1973, it was found that an 18½ minute portion of one recorded tape had been erased.
Nixon's longtime personal secretary, Rose Mary Woods, said she had accidentally erased the tape by pushing the wrong pedal on her tape player when answering the phone.
The press ran photos showing that it was unlikely for Woods to answer the phone and keep her foot on the pedal.
Later forensic analysis determined that the tape had been erased in several segments – at least five, and perhaps as many as nine.
Article: Pathology
Section: Hematopathology

Question: What is the purpose of hematophathology?

Hematopathology is the study of diseases of blood cells (White blood cells, red blood cells, platelets) and cells/tissues/organs comprising the hematopoietic system.
The term hematopoietic system refers to tissues and organs that produce and/or primarily host hematopoietic cells and include bone marrow, lymph node, thymus, spleen, and other lymphoid tissues.
In the United States, hematopathology is a board certified subspecialty (American Board of Pathology) practiced by those physicians who have completed general pathology residency (anatomic, clinical, or combined) and an additional year of fellowship training in hematology.
The hematopathologist reviews biopsies of lymph nodes, bone marrows and other tissues involved by an infiltrate of cells of the hematopoietic system.
In addition, the hematopathologist may be in charge of flow cytometric and/or molecular hematopathology studies.
After the hematopathologist makes the diagnosis, the hematologist or hemato-oncologist can make a decision about the best course of action.
Article: Call Me Maybe
Section: Music video

Question: What does Jepsen do before her bandmate passes her his own number?

A music video for "Call Me Maybe" was written and directed by Ben Knechtel.
According to Knechtel, the main idea behind the concept was to have a "twist at the end", trying to get away from the idea of the classic "boy meets a girl" story.
The music video has over 450 million views on Vevo and YouTube as of April 27, 2013.
The video begins with Jepsen spying on her attractive tattooed neighbor, portrayed by Holden Nowell, as he is working on his lawn.
As he takes his shirt off and notices she is staring at him, Jepsen slips on her high heels and falls below her window.
She is reading the books "Love at First Sight (Men In Uniform)" by B.J.
Daniels and "Skylar's Outlaw" by Linda Warren.
The scene then cuts to her garage, where she is rehearsing the track with her band.
Following the rehearsals, her bandmates push her to go and wash her car, where she tries to gain her neighbor's attention with various provocative poses only to fall from the hood of the car.
She is briefly knocked out from the fall, during which she dreams of a romance novel-type encounter with her crush.
As she comes to, the neighbor then helps Jepsen to get up, and watches the band rehearse the track again.
After turning and writing down her telephone number, Jepsen sees her neighbor pass one of her male bandmates (Tavish Crowe) his own number, indicating he is attracted to the man instead.
The video received three nominations on the 2012 MuchMusic Video Awards in the categories of UR Fave Video, Pop Video of the Year, and Video of the Year.
Article: Rules of Engagement (TV series)
Section: Major recurring characters

Question: What is the name of  Jeff’s lesbian softball teammate who agrees to be a surrogate mother for Audrey and Jeff?

 Diane Sellers as Doreen, waitress at The Island Diner.
 Wendi McLendon-Covey as Liz, an unlikeable, annoying, unattractive neighbor and friend of Audrey's who lives directly upstairs from the Binghams; for a brief story arc in Season 6 she was married to Russell, but they later separated.
In Season 7, Episode 7, she admitted to Russell that she is a sex addict and that she cheated on him multiple times (with multiple partners) during their brief marriage.
 Sara Rue as Brenda, Jeff’s lesbian softball teammate who agrees to be a surrogate mother for Audrey and Jeff.
 Nazneen Contractor as Suneetha, Timmy’s fiancée in an arranged marriage, who becomes an object of Russell’s affections.
 Susan Yeagley as Tracy, a man-hungry co-worker of Audrey’s.
 Taryn Southern as Allison, the object of Timmy's affections, which blossoms into an intra-office romance, then ends when she moves away and breaks up with Timmy.
 Geoff Pierson as Franklin Dunbar, Russell's wealthy, lecherous father.
 Orlando Jones as Brad, Jeff's gay friend from his gym who eventually makes friends with the rest of the gang.
Article: United Arab Emirates
Section: Food

Question: What are traditional UAE foods?

The traditional food of the Emirates has always been rice, fish, and meat.
The people of the United Arab Emirates have adopted most of their foods from other West and South Asian countries including India, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Oman.
Seafood has been the mainstay of the Emirati diet for centuries.
Meat and rice are other staple foods; lamb and mutton are the more favored meats, then goat and beef.
Popular beverages are coffee and tea, which can be supplemented with cardamom, saffron, or mint to give them a distinct flavor.
The cosmopolitan nature of the UAE means that food from every continent can be found here.
Fast food has become very popular among youth, to the extent that campaigns are underway to highlight the dangers of fast food excesses.
Muslims are prohibited from eating pork, so it is not included in Arab menus.
Hotels and other establishments frequently have pork substitutes such as beef sausages and veal rashers on their breakfast menus.
If pork is available, it is clearly labeled as such.
Unlike other Muslim countries, it is not against the law to bring pork products into the country for personal consumption.
Alcohol is generally only served in hotel restaurants and bars (but not in Sharjah).
All nightclubs and golf clubs are permitted to sell alcohol.
Specific supermarkets may sell alcohol, but these products are sold in separate sections.
Note that although alcohol may be consumed, it is illegal to be intoxicated in public or drive a motor vehicle with any trace of alcohol in the blood.
Etihad Airways and Emirates airlines, both owned by the UAE, serve alcohol on their beverage menus too.
Article: Chasing Cars
Section: Abstract

Question: When was "Chasing Cars" recorded?

"Chasing Cars" is the second single from Snow Patrol's fourth album, "Eyes Open."
It was recorded in 2005 and released on 6 June 2006 in the US and 24 July 2006 in the UK as the album's second single.
The song gained significant popularity in the US after being featured in the second season finale of the popular medical drama "Grey's Anatomy.
"It became notable as one of the songs that revealed the impact of legal downloads on single sales in the UK, selling consistently for years after its release.
The song is Snow Patrol's biggest-selling single to date, ending 2006 as the UK's 14th best-selling single of the year and that year had the distinction of being the last song performed live on the BBC's "Top of the Pops".
In 2007, on the strength of downloads, it was the UK's 34th best-selling single of 2007.
The song peaked at number 6 in the UK Singles Chart, and number 5 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100.
At the 2007 Grammy Awards, "Chasing Cars" was nominated for Best Rock Song, and at the 2007 Brit Awards, the song was nominated for Best British Single.
In 2009, the PPL announced "Chasing Cars" was the most widely played song of the decade in the UK.
As of 26 August 2013, the song has spent 111 weeks on the official UK Top 75 Singles Chart and 154 on the Top 100 and has sold over 1,000,000 copies in the UK by October 2013.
It also sold 3,131,000 copies in the US by November 2011, making it one of the top 10 best-selling songs by a British artist in the digital era.
In a 2009 Channel 4 poll it was voted the number one "song of the noughties".