community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: United Arab Emirates
Section: Geography

Question: What is the length of the border between Saudi Arabia and the UAE?

The United Arab Emirates is situated in Southwest Asia, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia; it is in a strategic location along southern approaches to the Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil.
The UAE lies between 22°30' and 26°10' north latitude and between 51° and 56°25′ east longitude.
It shares a 530-kilometer border with Saudi Arabia on the west, south, and southeast, and a 450-kilometer border with Oman on the southeast and northeast.
The land border with Qatar in the Khawr al Udayd area is about nineteen kilometers () in the northwest; however, it is a source of ongoing dispute.
Following Britain's military departure from UAE in 1971, and its establishment as a new state, the UAE laid claim to islands resulting in disputes with Iran that remain unresolved.
UAE also disputes claim on other islands against the neighboring state of Qatar.
The largest emirate, Abu Dhabi, accounts for 87% of the UAE's total area ().
The smallest emirate, Ajman, encompasses only (see figure).
The UAE coast stretches for more than along the southern shore of the Persian Gulf.
Most of the coast consists of salt pans that extend far inland.
The largest natural harbor is at Dubai, although other ports have been dredged at Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, and elsewhere.
Numerous islands are found in the Persian Gulf, and the ownership of some of them has been the subject of international disputes with both Iran and Qatar.
The smaller islands, as well as many coral reefs and shifting sandbars, are a menace to navigation.
Strong tides and occasional windstorms further complicate ship movements near the shore.
The UAE also has a stretch of the Al Bāţinah coast of the Gulf of Oman, although the Musandam Peninsula, the very tip of Arabia by the Strait of Hormuz is an exclave of Oman separated by the UAE.
South and west of Abu Dhabi, vast, rolling sand dunes merge into the Rub al-Khali (Empty Quarter) of Saudi Arabia.
The desert area of Abu Dhabi includes two important oases with adequate underground water for permanent settlements and cultivation.
The extensive Liwa Oasis is in the south near the undefined border with Saudi Arabia.
About to the northeast of Liwa is the Al-Buraimi oasis, which extends on both sides of the Abu Dhabi-Oman border.
Lake Zakher is a man-made lake near the border with Oman.
Prior to withdrawing from the area in 1971, Britain delineated the internal borders among the seven emirates in order to preempt territorial disputes that might hamper formation of the federation.
In general, the rulers of the emirates accepted the British intervention, but in the case of boundary disputes between Abu Dhabi and Dubai, and also between Dubai and Sharjah, conflicting claims were not resolved until after the UAE became independent.
The most complicated borders were in the Al-Hajar al-Gharbi Mountains, where five of the emirates contested jurisdiction over more than a dozen enclaves.
Article: All Is Lost
Section: Music

Question: When was the song "Amen" for All Is Lost released for the film soundtrack?

The film score to "All Is Lost" is composed by Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros’ frontman Alex Ebert, who signed on to the film in November 2012.
Speaking of the experience of working on the film, Ebert said, "This project was a dream—an open space to play in but also space to listen to the elements—wind, water, rain, sun, are the story's other characters to me.
I knew I had quite a task ahead of me: to at once allow the elements to sing and to give Redford a voice with which to, once in a while, respond."
The "extra features" of the Blu-ray Disc explicate on the unique development of the sound track, music, script and other production considerations.
A soundtrack album featuring ten original compositions and one new song all written, composed, and produced by Ebert was released on October 1, 2013 by Community Music.
On September 12, 2013, the song "Amen" from the soundtrack was made available for streaming.
Article: Great Wall of China
Section: Visibility from low Earth orbit

Question: What expedition did Ed Lu take part in?

A more controversial question is whether the Wall is visible from low Earth orbit (an altitude of as little as ).
NASA claims that it is barely visible, and only under nearly perfect conditions; it is no more conspicuous than many other man-made objects.
Other authors have argued that due to limitations of the optics of the eye and the spacing of photoreceptors on the retina, it is impossible to see the wall with the naked eye, even from low orbit, and would require visual acuity of 20/3 (7.7 times better than normal).
Astronaut William Pogue thought he had seen it from Skylab but discovered he was actually looking at the Grand Canal of China near Beijing.
He spotted the Great Wall with binoculars, but said that "it wasn't visible to the unaided eye."
U.S.
Senator Jake Garn claimed to be able to see the Great Wall with the naked eye from a space shuttle orbit in the early 1980s, but his claim has been disputed by several U.S. astronauts.
Veteran U.S. astronaut Gene Cernan has stated: "At Earth orbit of to high, the Great Wall of China is, indeed, visible to the naked eye."
Ed Lu, Expedition 7 Science Officer aboard the International Space Station, adds that, "it's less visible than a lot of other objects.
And you have to know where to look.
"In 2001, Neil Armstrong stated about the view from Apollo 11: "I do not believe that, at least with my eyes, there would be any man-made object that I could see.
I have not yet found somebody who has told me they've seen the Wall of China from Earth orbit.
...I've asked various people, particularly Shuttle guys, that have been many orbits around China in the daytime, and the ones I've talked to didn't see it.
"In October 2003, Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei stated that he had not been able to see the Great Wall of China.
In response, the European Space Agency (ESA) issued a press release reporting that from an orbit between , the Great Wall is visible to the naked eye.
In an attempt to further clarify things, the ESA published a picture of a part of the “Great Wall” photographed from Space.
However, in a press release a week later (no longer available in the ESA’s website), they acknowledged that the "Great Wall" in the picture was actually a river.
Leroy Chiao, a Chinese-American astronaut, took a photograph from the International Space Station that shows the wall.
It was so indistinct that the photographer was not certain he had actually captured it.
Based on the photograph, the "China Daily" later reported that the Great Wall can be seen from space with the naked eye, under favorable viewing conditions, if one knows exactly where to look.
However, the resolution of a camera can be much higher than the human visual system, and the optics much better, rendering photographic evidence irrelevant to the issue of whether it is visible to the naked eye.
Article: Mexico
Section: Culture

Question: Who promoted philosophy and the arts in Mexico?

[[File:Frida Kahlo Diego Rivera 1932.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Frida Kahlo with Diego Rivera in 1932, photography byCarl van Vechten.
]]Mexican culture reflects the complexity of the country's history through the blending of indigenous cultures and the culture of Spain, imparted during Spain's 300-year colonization of Mexico.
Exogenous cultural elements have been incorporated into Mexican culture as time have passed.
The Porfirian era ("el Porfiriato"), in the last quarter of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20th century, was marked by economic progress and peace.
After four decades of civil unrest and war, Mexico saw the development of philosophy and the arts, promoted by President Díaz himself.
Since that time, as accentuated during the Mexican Revolution, cultural identity has had its foundation in the "mestizaje", of which the indigenous (i.e.
Amerindian) element is the core.
In light of the various ethnicities that formed the Mexican people, José Vasconcelos in his publication "La Raza Cósmica" (The Cosmic Race) (1925) defined Mexico to be the melting pot of all races (thus extending the definition of the "mestizo") not only biologically but culturally as well.
Article: All I Want for Christmas Is You
Section: Live performances

Question: When did Mariah Carey add "All I Want for Christmas is You" to her set list?

Carey has performed the song during concerts as well as live televised performances.
It was part of the set-list during the Japanese shows of Carey's Daydream World Tour (1996), Butterfly World Tour (1998), Rainbow World Tour (2000), (2002–03) (also sung during the December leg of the tour) and The Adventures of Mimi Tour (2006).
Additionally, Carey performed the song at the 2004 Walt Disney World Christmas Day Parade, which aired on ABC.
Carey sang the So So Def remix version at the opening night of her Angels Advocate Tour on New Year's Eve.
On November 9, 2010, Carey taped a live Christmas Special featuring the song, which aired on December 13, 2010 on ABC.
Additionally, Carey performed the song alongside "Oh Santa!"
airing on ESPN and ABC throughout the day on Christmas Day of 2010.
On December 3, she performed both songs at the Walt Disney World Resort theme park, Magic Kingdom, in a performance that was taped and aired part of the Walt Disney World Christmas Day Parade on ABC.
She performed them again in a music video promoting the day's NBA games that aired on both networks.
Article: United Kingdom
Section: Abstract

Question: Who has ruled Britain since 1952?

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain , is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe.
The country includes the island of Great Britain (a term sometimes loosely applied to the whole state), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands.
Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another state: the Republic of Ireland.
Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea in the east, the English Channel in the south and the Irish Sea in the west.
The UK's form of government is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system, and its capital city is London.
The current British monarch—since 6 February 1952—is Queen Elizabeth II.
The United Kingdom consists of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
The latter three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capital cities, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively.
Guernsey, Jersey and the Isle of Man are Crown dependencies and are not part of the UK.
The United Kingdom has fourteen British Overseas Territories.
These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land mass and was the largest empire in history.
British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies.
The United Kingdom is a developed country and has the world's sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and eighth-largest by purchasing power parity.
It was the world's first industrialised country and the world's foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries.
The UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally.
It is a recognised nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth in the world.
The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946.
It has been a member of the European Union (EU) and its predecessor the European Economic Community (EEC) since 1973; it is also a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the Council of Europe, the G7, the G8, the G20, NATO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Article: Modern pentathlon
Section: Abstract

Question: how many events are in a pentathlon?

The modern pentathlon is an Olympic sport that comprises five events: fencing, 200 m freestyle swimming, show jumping, and a final combined event of pistol shooting, and a 3200 m cross-country run.
The sport has been a core sport of the Olympic Games since 1912, and since 1949 an annual World Championship has been held.
Originally the competition took place over four or five days; however in 1996 a one-day format was adopted in an effort to be more audience-friendly.
However, modern pentathlon, despite its long Olympic history, has had to justify its inclusion in the modern Olympic Games on frequent occasions.
On February 11, 2013 in Lausanne, the IOC confirmed modern pentathlon once again as one of the 25 core sports of the Olympic program through until 2020.
The governing body, UIPM, administers the international sport in more than 90 countries in all the continents of the world.
Article: Free Bird
Section: Legacy

Question: What was the origin of "Free Bird"

It has become something of a humorous tradition for audience members at concerts to shout "Free Bird" as a request to hear the song, regardless of the performer or style of music.
The phenomenon began earlier in the 1970s with The Allman Brothers Band's epic "Whipping Post", but then took off to a much greater extent with "Free Bird", which was very popular by 1979.
This can be traced back to Skynyrd's first live album, 1976's "One More from the Road".
For their second encore, Van Zant asked the crowd, "What song is it you wanna hear?
", which was immediately followed by several shouts of "Free Bird", to which the band responded with a 14-minute rendition of the song.
The spoken interaction was reproduced on the album as an introduction to the song.
Article: Sausage
Section: North Africa

Question: Where is merguez sasage popular?

North Africa.
Merguez is a red, spicy sausage from Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya, North Africa.
It is also popular in France, Israel and the German state of Saarland, where it is often grilled on a Schwenker.
Merguez is made with lamb, beef, or a mixture of both.
It can be flavored with a wide range of spices, such as sumac for tartness, and paprika, Cayenne pepper, or harissa, a hot chili paste that gives it a red color.
It is stuffed into a lamb casing, rather than a pork casing.
It is traditionally made fresh and eaten grilled or with couscous.
Sun-dried merguez is used to add flavor to tagines.
It is also eaten in sandwiches.
Article: Mexican muralism
Section: Influence

Question: When did Diego Rivera live in the US?

After nearly a century since the beginning of the movement, Mexican artists still produce murals and other forms of art with the same “mestizo” message.
Murals can be found in government buildings, former churches and schools in nearly every part of the country.
One recent example is a cross cultural project in 2009 to paint a mural in the municipal market of Teotitlán del Valle, a small town in the state of Oaxaca.
High school and college student from Georgia, United States, collaborated with town authorities to design and paint a mural to promote nutrition, environmental protection, education and the preservation of Zapotec language and customs.
Mexican muralism brought mural painting back to the forefront of Western art in the 20th century with its influence spreading abroad, especially promoting the idea of mural painting as a form of promoting social and political ideas.
It offered an alternative to non-representational abstraction after World War I with figurative works that reflect society and its immediate concerns.
While most Mexican muralists had little desire to be part of the international art scene, their influence spread to other parts of the Americas.
Notable muralists influenced by Mexican muralism include Carlos Mérida of Guatemala, Oswaldo Guayasamín of Ecuador and Candido Portinari of Brazil .
Rivera, Orozco, and Siqueiros all spent time in the United States.
Orozco was the first to paint murals in the late 1920s at Pomona College in Claremont, California, staying until 1934 and becoming popular with academic institutions.
During the Great Depression, the Works Progress Administration employed artists to paint murals, which paved the way for Mexican muralists to find commissions in the country.
Rivera lived in the United States from 1930 to 1934.
During this time, he put on an influential show of his easel work at the Museum of Modern Art.
The success of Orozco and Rivera prompted U.S. artists to study in Mexico and opened doors for many other Mexican artists to find work in the country.
Siqueiros did not fare as well.
He was exiled to the US from Mexico in 1932, moving to Los Angeles.
During this time, he painted three murals, but they were painted over.
América Tropical, the only surviving public mural by David Alfaro Siqueiros in the United States is being conserved and construction of an adjoining visitor center is expected to be completed by 2012 or 2013.
The concept of mural as political message was transplanted to the United States, especially in the former Mexican territory of the Southwest.
It served as inspiration to the later Chicano Mural Movement but the political messages are different.
Article: Johannes Vermeer
Section: Abstract

Question: What age is Vermeer identified with?

Johannes, Jan or Johan Vermeer (; 1632 – December 1675) was a Dutch painter who specialized in domestic interior scenes of middle-class life.
Vermeer was a moderately successful provincial genre painter in his lifetime.
He seems never to have been particularly wealthy, leaving his wife and children in debt at his death, perhaps because he produced relatively few paintings.
Vermeer worked slowly and with great care, using bright colours and sometimes expensive pigments, with a preference for lapis lazuli and Indian yellow.
He is particularly renowned for his masterly treatment and use of light in his work.
Vermeer painted mostly domestic interior scenes.
"Almost all his paintings are apparently set in two smallish rooms in his house in Delft; they show the same furniture and decorations in various arrangements and they often portray the same people, mostly women.
"Recognized during his lifetime in Delft and The Hague, his modest celebrity gave way to obscurity after his death; he was barely mentioned in Arnold Houbraken's major source book on 17th-century Dutch painting ("Grand Theatre of Dutch Painters and Women Artists"), and was thus omitted from subsequent surveys of Dutch art for nearly two centuries.
In the 19th century, Vermeer was rediscovered by Gustav Friedrich Waagen and Théophile Thoré-Bürger, who published an essay attributing sixty-six pictures to him, although only thirty-four paintings are universally attributed to him today.
Since that time, Vermeer's reputation has grown, and he is now acknowledged as one of the greatest painters of the Dutch Golden Age.
Article: Henri Matisse
Section: Books/essays

Question: What year was Notes of a Painter released?

 Notes of a Painter, 1908
 Painter's Notes on Drawing, 1930.
 "Jazz", 1947
 "Matisse on Art", collected by Jack D. Flam, 1973.
ISBN 0-7148-1518-7
 "Chatting with Henri Matisse: The Lost 1941 Interview", Getty Publications 2013.
ISBN 978-1-60606-128-2
Article: Salad
Section: Bound salad

Question: What sauce comes with Bound salads?

A "bound" salad can be composed (arranged) or tossed (put in a bowl and mixed with a thick dressing).
They are assembled with thick sauces such as mayonnaise.
One portion of a true bound salad will hold its shape when placed on a plate with an ice-cream scoop.
Examples of bound salad include tuna salad, pasta salad, chicken salad, egg salad, and potato salad.
Bound salads are often used as sandwich fillings.
They are popular at picnics and barbecues, because they can be made ahead of time and refrigerated.
Article: Saudi Arabia
Section: Islamic heritage sites

Question: What percentage of the Mecca's historic buildings have been demolished?

Saudi Arabia, and specifically the Hejaz, as the cradle of Islam, has many of the most significant historic Muslim sites, including the two holiest sites of Mecca and Medina.
One of the King's titles is Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, the two mosques being Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, which contains Islam's most sacred place, the Kaaba, and Al-Masjid al-Nabawi in Medina which contains Muhammad's tomb.
However, Saudi Wahhabism is hostile to any reverence given to historical or religious places of significance for fear that it may give rise to 'shirk' (that is, idolatry).
As a consequence, under Saudi rule, the Hejaz cities have suffered from considerable destruction of their physical heritage and, for example, it has been estimated that about 95% of Mecca's historic buildings, most over a thousand years old, have been demolished.
These include the mosque originally built by Muhammad's daughter Fatima, and other mosques founded by Abu Bakr (Muhammad's father-in-law and the first Caliph), Umar (the second Caliph), Ali (Muhammad's son-in-law and the fourth Caliph), and Salman al-Farsi (another of Muhammad's companions).
Other historic buildings that have been destroyed include the house of Khadijah, the wife of the Prophet, the house of Abu Bakr, now the site of the local Hilton hotel; the house of Ali-Oraid, the grandson of the Prophet, and the Mosque of abu-Qubais, now the location of the King's palace in Mecca.
Critics have described this as "Saudi vandalism" and claim that over the last 50 years, 300 historic sites linked to Muhammad, his family or companions have been lost.
It has been reported that there now are fewer than 20 structures remaining in Mecca that date back to the time of Muhammad.
Article: Golf
Section: Scoring

Question: What is the goal in the game of golf?

In every form of play, the goal is to play as few strokes per round as possible.
A golfer's score is usually expressed as the difference between the player's number of strokes and the par score.
A hole in one (or an "ace") occurs when a golfer sinks his ball into the cup with his first stroke from the tee.
Common scores for a hole also have specific terms.
Article: Cold War
Section: Historiography and memory

Question: WHo wrote ""Continuing Debate and New Approaches in Cold War History,"

 Hopkins, Michael F. "Continuing Debate and New Approaches in Cold War History," "Historical Journal," Dec 2007, Vol.
50 Issue 4, pp 913–934,
 Isaac, Joel, and Duncan Bell, eds.
"Uncertain Empire: American History and the Idea of the Cold War" (2012) excerpt and text search
 Johnston, Gordon.
"Revisiting the cultural Cold War," "Social History," Aug 2010, Vol.
35 Issue 3, pp 290–307
 Nuti, Leopoldo, et al., eds.
"Europe and the End of the Cold War: A Reappraisal" (2012) excerpt and text search
 Wiener, Jon.
"How We Forgot the Cold War: A Historical Journey across America" (2012) excerpt and text search