community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: The Kid with a Bike
Section: Reception

Question: What score did Peter Bradshaw give The Kid with a Bike?

The film received near universal acclaim.
It scored a 96% "Certified Fresh" approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 109 reviews; the film review aggregate site described the critical consensus that the film "is a heart-wrenching, thematically and spiritually rich drama."
Jonathan Romney wrote in "Screen Daily": "After the slightly sub-par "Lorna's Silence" (2008), the brothers are back on peerless form with this story of innocence betrayed and befriended, which must count as one of the best films about childhood since "Kes" – or for that matter "Bicycle Thieves", to which it surely nods."
Romney further commented: "Shooting as usual with cinematographer Alain Marcoen, and in their familiar stamping ground of Seraing, the brothers this time bring a somewhat different, airier look to their locations, more suburban than in the past.
Marcoen's camerawork, also, is rather more free-wheeling than the tightly constrained (and often imitated) tightness of "The Son"."
At the 2011 London Film Festival it was among "Sight & Sound"s 30 recommendations; according to them, "The Dardenne brothers may be the most consistently high-achieving filmmakers of our time – the kings, if you like, of poetic neorealism.
Like all their films, "Le Gamin au vélo" ("The Kid with a Bike") is near perfect."
Upon its March 2012 UK release, Peter Bradshaw gave it (four stars out of 5) and said it "revive the memory of De Sica's 1948 classic "Bicycle Thieves""; it is a "heartfelt, boldly direct film composed in the social-realist key signature of C major, revisiting the film-makers' classic themes of parenthood, trust and love.
"On the negative side, one critic called the film "trite" and its thinking "lazy", while another reviewer called it "formulaic" and "superficial".
Article: Yeast
Section: Nonalcoholic beverages

Question: How are kefir and kumis made?

Root beer and other sweet carbonated beverages can be produced using the same methods as beer, except the fermentation is stopped sooner, producing carbon dioxide, but only trace amounts of alcohol, and a significant amount of sugar is left in the drink.
"Kvass", a fermented drink made from rye, is popular in Eastern Europe; it has a recognizable, but low alcoholic content.
Yeast in symbiosis with acetic acid bacteria is used in the preparation of "kombucha", a fermented sweetened tea.
Species of yeasts found in the tea can vary, and may include: "Brettanomyces bruxellensis", "Candida stellata", "Schizosaccharomyces pombe", "Torulaspora delbrueckii" and "Zygosaccharomyces bailii".
"Kombucha" is a popular beverage in Eastern Europe and some former Soviet republics under the name "chajnyj grib" (Чайный гриб), which means "tea mushroom".
"Kefir" and "kumis" are made by fermenting milk with yeast and bacteria.
Article: Gymnastics
Section: Vault

Question: What is another term that could be used for vaulting platform?

Artistic events for women.
In the vaulting events gymnasts sprint down a runway, jump onto or perform a roundoff entry onto a springboard (run/ take-off segment), land momentarily, inverted on the hands on the vaulting horse, or vaulting table (pre flight segment), then sprint off of this platform to a two footed landing (post flight segment).
Every gymnast starts at a different point on the vault runway depending on their height and strength.
The post flight segment may include one or more multiple saltos or somersaults, and/or twisting movements.
Round-off entry vaults are the most common vaults in elite level gymnastics.
In vaults with roundoff entries, gymnasts "round-off" so hands are on the runway while the feet land on the springboard (beatboard).
From the roundoff position the gymnast travels backwards as in a backhandspring so that the hands land on the vaulting platform (horse).
She then blocks off the vaulting platform into various twisting and/or somersaulting combinations.
The post flight segment brings the gymnast to her feet.
In 2001, the traditional vaulting horse was replaced with a new apparatus, sometimes known as a tongue or vaulting table.
The new apparatus is more stable, wider, and longer than the older vaulting horse—approximately 1m in length and 1m in width—giving gymnasts a larger blocking surface, and is therefore considered safer than the vaulting horse used in the past.
With the addition of this new, safer vaulting table, gymnasts are attempting more difficult and dangerous vaults.
Article: Orange Is the New Black
Section: Critical reception

Question: What reviews did Orange is the New Black receive?

"Orange Is the New Black" has received positive reviews from critics.
For Season 1, Metacritic gives a score of 79/100 based on reviews from 31 critics, indicating generally favorable reviews.
Rotten Tomatoes gives a score of 89%, with an average rating of 8.4/10 based on 37 reviews.
The site's consensus is ""Orange Is the New Black" is a sharp mix of black humor and dramatic heft, with interesting characters and an intriguing flashback structure.
"Hank Steuver, television critic for "The Washington Post", gave "Orange Is the New Black" a perfect score.
In his review of the series, he stated: "In Jenji Kohan's magnificent and thoroughly engrossing new series, "Orange Is the New Black", prison is still the pits.
But it is also filled with the entire range of human emotion and stories, all of which are brought vividly to life in a world where a stick of gum could ignite either a romance or a death threat".
David Wiegand, of the "San Francisco Chronicle", said that "In every case, there is an abiding feeling for character and authenticity that helps elevate "Orange Is the New Black" to a new definition of television excellence".
Matt Roush, of "TV Guide", said: "Netflix finally achieves its eureka moment with a terrifically entertaining piece of original programming that's truly and bracingly original."
Maureen Ryan, of "The Huffington Post", wrote: ""Orange" is one of the best new programs of the year, and the six episodes I've seen have left me hungry to see more."
Article: Gilmore Girls
Section: DVD releases

Question: Which seasons are available for download in HD?

"Warner Bros. Home Entertainment" has released all seven seasons of "Gilmore Girls" on DVD in region 1, 2, 4.
All seasons are available for digital download on the iTunes Store, Amazon.com and other digital sales websites.
Seasons 4 through 7 are also available in HD on iTunes Store.
Article: Dairy product
Section: Avoidance of Dairy Products

Question: What's a non-religious reason to avoid dairy?

Some groups avoid dairy products for non-health related reasons:
Religious - Some religions restrict or do not allow for the consumption of dairy products.
For example, some scholars of Jainism advocate not consuming any dairy products because dairy is perceived to involve violence against cows.
Strict Judaism requires that meat and dairy products not be served at the same meal, served or cooked in the same utensils, or stored together, as prescribed in .
Ethical - Veganism is the avoidance of all animal products, including dairy products, most often due to the ethics regarding how dairy products are produced.
The ethical reasons for avoiding dairy include how dairy is produced, how the animals are handled, and the environmental effect of dairy production.
Article: Doctor Who
Section: Official websites

Question: What is the BBC website for the show Doctor Who?

 Doctor Who 50th Anniversary: Official BBC Worldwide Site – Doctor Who Doctor Who
 BBC: The Changing Face of Doctor Who – many press cuttings and articles from 1963 onwards
 BBC America "Doctor Who" website
 SPACE Channel "Doctor Who" website
Article: Football
Section: Inside the UK

Question: Where is the Ba Game still popular around Christmas and Hogmanay?

 The Haxey Hood, played on Epiphany in Haxey, Lincolnshire
 Shrove Tuesday games
* Scoring the Hales in Alnwick, Northumberland
* Royal Shrovetide Football in Ashbourne, Derbyshire
* The Shrovetide Ball Game in Atherstone, Warwickshire
* The Shrove Tuesday Football Ceremony of the Purbeck Marblers in Corfe Castle, Dorset
* Hurling the Silver Ball at St Columb Major in Cornwall
* The Ball Game in Sedgefield, County Durham
 In Scotland the Ba game ("Ball Game") is still popular around Christmas and Hogmanay at:
* Duns, Berwickshire
* Scone, Perthshire
* Kirkwall in the Orkney Islands
Article: Great Depression
Section: Inequality

Question: What is the reason economists gave for the great depression during 1920s?

Two economists of the 1920s, Waddill Catchings and William Trufant Foster, popularized a theory that influenced many policy makers, including Herbert Hoover, Henry A. Wallace, Paul Douglas, and Marriner Eccles.
It held the economy produced more than it consumed, because the consumers did not have enough income.
Thus the unequal distribution of wealth throughout the 1920s caused the Great Depression.
According to this view, the root cause of the Great Depression was a global over-investment in heavy industry capacity compared to wages and earnings from independent businesses, such as farms.
The solution was the government must pump money into consumers' pockets.
That is, it must redistribute purchasing power, maintain the industrial base, but re-inflate prices and wages to force as much of the inflationary increase in purchasing power into consumer spending.
The economy was overbuilt, and new factories were not needed.
Foster and Catchings recommended federal and state governments start large construction projects, a program followed by Hoover and Roosevelt.
Article: Snowboarding
Section: Jibbing

Question: How many official usages are there for the word "jib"?

Jibbing is technical riding on non-standard surfaces, usually performing tricks.
The word "jib" is both a noun and a verb, depending on the usage of the word.
As a noun: a jib includes metal rails, boxes, benches, concrete ledges, walls, vehicles, rocks and logs.
As a verb: to jib is referring to the action of jumping, sliding or riding on top of objects other than snow.
It is directly influenced by grinding a skateboard.
Jibbing is a freestyle snowboarding technique of riding.
Typically jibbing occurs in a snowboard resort park but can also be done in urban environments.
Freeride snowboarders also commonly find incidental jibs, such as a downed tree, that prove suitable to ride over in the course of their line or run.
Article: Bedroom in Arles
Section: Abstract

Question: How many versions are described in Van Gogh's letters?

Bedroom in Arles (; ) is the title given to each of three similar paintings by 19th-century Dutch Post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh.
Van Gogh's own title for this composition was simply "The Bedroom" (French: "La Chambre à coucher").
There are three authentic versions described in his letters, easily discernible from one another by the pictures on the wall to the right.
The painting depicts Van Gogh's bedroom at 2, Place Lamartine in Arles, Bouches-du-Rhône, France, known as his Yellow House.
The door to the right was opening to the upper floor and the staircase; the door to the left served the guest room he held prepared for Gauguin.
The window in the front wall was looking to Place Lamartine and its public gardens.
This room was not rectangular but trapezoid with an obtuse angle in the left hand corner of the front wall and an acute angle at the right.
Van Gogh evidently did not spend much time on this problem, he simply indicated that there was a corner, somehow.
Article: American Dad!
Section: Episode misreporting by Fox

Question: Where is American Dad aired?

It is evident that Fox either miscounts "American Dad!"
episodes or at least intentionally discounts one episode of the series.
This was established in Fox advertisements for the episode "Lost in Space."
The episode was promoted by Fox as "American Dad!
"s 150th episode.
Subsequently, numerous mainstream media reports also labeled the episode as the 150th.
In actuality, however, it was the show's 151st episode while the episode "The Full Cognitive Redaction of Avery Bullock by the Coward Stan Smith" was the 150th episode of the series.
In addition, Fox has misreported the "Lost in Space" episode as the revealing of Roger's birth planet.
In actuality, the setting of this episode is a spaceship owned by members of Roger's alien race.
To date, Roger's birth planet has yet to be revealed.
Article: Hell's Kitchen (U.S. TV series)
Section: Reception

Question: Where do competitors reveal their insights?

Analyst Arthur Perkins credits the show's success with four factors:
Numerous cameras (up to 72) allow tight editing and capturing every action
A "confessional booth" reveals insights into competitors' characters
Ramsay's ""enfant terrible"" personality, impeccable credentials, and overall showmanship
Casting relatively unknown chefs
Perkins compared Ramsay's unusual showmanship to that of P. T. Barnum of the famed Ringling Brothers circus:
Article: The Dark Knight Rises
Section: Production design

Question: How did they make the bat fly?

Concept artist Tully Summers commented on Nolan's style of cinematography when asked about the difference between his designs for this film and fantasy-based designs for "Men in Black 3": "The difference for me was Christopher Nolan's visual style.
One of the things that makes his Batman movies so compelling is their tone of plausibility.
He will often prefer a raw, grittier design over one that is very sleek and product design pretty.
It's sort of a practical military aesthetic.
This stuff is made to work, not impress shoppers.
"The Dark Knight Rises" is a war film."
Producer Emma Thomas stated this Batman film has a different visual aesthetic from the first two Nolan-directed features, explaining that "it's meant to be winter in Gotham, so that right there is going to lend a whole different look to the film.
"The film introduces a vehicle that has been compared with the Batplane, dubbed "the Bat".
In designing the Bat, Nathan Crowley approached it as if it were an actual military project, emphasising the need for it to "fit into the same family" as the Tumbler and the Batpod.
The final version of the Bat takes its design cues from the Harrier Jump Jet, Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey and the Boeing AH-64 Apache.
Chris Corbould described the Bat's size and shape as presenting a major challenge for filming given Christopher Nolan's emphasis on practical effects over computer-generated imagery.
In order to make the Bat "fly", it was variously supported by wires, suspended from cranes and helicopters, and mounted on a purpose-built vehicle with hydraulic controls to simulate movement.
When designing the Batcave set, Crowley and fellow production designer Kevin Kavanaugh hit upon the idea of flooding the Batcave and having Batman's equipment, the Batsuit and a supercomputer rise from the water.
Another set was designed at Cardington as an "underground prison", a rough-hewn labyrinth of stone cells in a vast abyss with a vertical shaft leading to the surface.
Exteriors above the prison were filmed in Jodhpur, India, chosen because the "forbidding landscape added to the desolation".
Article: Marathon
Section: After a marathon

Question: In what ways can pain be treated from DOMS?

Marathon participation may result in various medical, musculoskeletal, and dermatological complaints.
Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a common condition affecting runners during the first week following a marathon.
Various types of mild exercise or massage have been recommended to alleviate pain secondary to DOMS.
Dermatological issues frequently include "jogger's nipple", "jogger's toe", and blisters.
The immune system is reportedly suppressed for a short time.
Changes to the blood chemistry may lead physicians to mistakenly diagnose heart malfunction.
After long training runs and the marathon itself, consuming carbohydrates to replace glycogen stores and protein to aid muscle recovery is commonly recommended.
In addition, soaking the lower half of the body for approximately 20 minutes in cold or ice water may force blood through the leg muscles to speed recovery.
Article: Viva la Vida
Section: Critical response

Question: At what year did "Viva la Vida" won Grammy Award?

Critical response.
Critics were very positive in their reviews of the song.
In the "Entertainment Weekly" review of the album, critic Chris Willman wrote: "Take the title track ... on which imagines himself as a paranoid monarch.
'Who would ever want to be king?'
Martin asks.
'Revolutionaries wait/For my head on a silver plate!'.
The confident majesty of the music, however, belies how he and his bandmates have invigorated their rock-lite reign."
Josh Hathaway from "The Plain Dealer" noted "Viva la Vida" as the "catchiest" song on the album.
Chris Jones of the BBC noted: "The string/brass mutations that bolster a track like 'Viva La Vida' ... conjure tunes so sweetly melancholy."
In the IGN review, critic Chad Grischow wrote, "It is their one and only foray into unabashed orchestral pop, but the punchy strut of the strings and fantastic marching vocals make it far too charming and lively to dislike, and even harder not to love.
""Viva la Vida" was nominated for "Record of the Year", and won "Song of the Year", and "Best Pop Performance by a Duo or a Group" at the 2009 Grammy Awards.
This song also won the Ivor Novello Award for "Best Selling British Single".
The song was included in "Rolling Stone"'s annual "100 Best Songs" of 2008 at number nine; it was also voted number two on "Rolling Stone"'s Readers' Rock List: Best Songs of 2008.
"Viva la Vida" was also listed at number five on "Blender"'s 1001 Downloads: The Top 144 Songs of 2008, as well in the number eight position on "Village Voice"'s Pazz and Jop list.
"Viva la Vida" has been sampled in several other songs including Flo Rida's single "Be on You".
Article: Water polo
Section: Setting the ball

Question: Is a dry or wet pass more difficult?

The key to the offense is to accurately pass (or "set") the ball into the center forward or hole set, positioned directly in front of the goal ("the hole").
Any field player may throw the hole set a "wet pass."
A wet pass is one that hits the water just outside of the hole set's reach.
A dry pass may also be used.
This is where the hole set receives the ball directly in his hand and then attempts a shot at the cage.
This pass is much more difficult because if the pass is not properly caught, the officials will be likely to call an offensive foul resulting in a change of ball possession.
The hole set attempts to take possession of the ball a wet pass, to shoot at the goal, or to draw a foul from his defender.
A minor foul is called if his defender (called the "hole D") attempts to impede movement before the hole set has possession.
The referee indicates the foul with one short whistle blow and points one hand to the spot of the foul and the other hand in the direction of the attack of the team to whom the free throw has been awarded.
The hole set then has a "reasonable amount of time" (typically about three seconds) to re-commence play by making a free pass to one of the other players.
The defensive team cannot hinder the hole set until the free throw has been taken, but the hole set cannot shoot a goal once the foul has been awarded until the ball has been played by at least one other player.
If the hole set attempts a goal without the free throw, the goal is not counted and the defense takes possession of the ball, unless the shot is made outside the 5-meter line.
As soon as the hole set has a free pass, the other attacking players attempt to swim (or "drive") away from their defenders towards the goal.
The players at the flat position will attempt to set a screen (also known as a pick) for the driver.
If a driver gets free from a defender, the player calls for the pass from the hole set and attempts a shot at the goal.
Article: Colosseum
Section: Arena and hypogeum

Question: How were animals and scenery able to enter the colosseum?

The arena itself was 83 meters by 48 meters (272 ft by 157 ft / 280 by 163 Roman feet).
It comprised a wooden floor covered by sand (the Latin word for sand is "harena" or "arena"), covering an elaborate underground structure called the "hypogeum" (literally meaning "underground").
Little now remains of the original arena floor, but the "hypogeum" is still clearly visible.
It consisted of a two-level subterranean network of tunnels and cages beneath the arena where gladiators and animals were held before contests began.
Eighty vertical shafts provided instant access to the arena for caged animals and scenery pieces concealed underneath; larger hinged platforms, called "hegmata", provided access for elephants and the like.
It was restructured on numerous occasions; at least twelve different phases of construction can be seen.
The "hypogeum" was connected by underground tunnels to a number of points outside the Colosseum.
Animals and performers were brought through the tunnel from nearby stables, with the gladiators' barracks at the Ludus Magnus to the east also being connected by tunnels.
Separate tunnels were provided for the Emperor and the Vestal Virgins to permit them to enter and exit the Colosseum without needing to pass through the crowds.
Substantial quantities of machinery also existed in the "hypogeum".
Elevators and pulleys raised and lowered scenery and props, as well as lifting caged animals to the surface for release.
There is evidence for the existence of major hydraulic mechanisms and according to ancient accounts, it was possible to flood the arena rapidly, presumably via a connection to a nearby aqueduct.
Article: Croissant
Section: Abstract

Question: What is a croissant?

A croissant ( or ; ) is a buttery flaky viennoiserie pastry named for its well known crescent shape.
Croissants and other viennoiserie are made of a layered yeast-leavened dough.
The dough is layered with butter, rolled and folded several times in succession, then rolled into a sheet, in a technique called laminating.
The process results in a layered, flaky texture, similar to a puff pastry.
Crescent-shaped food breads have been made since the Middle Ages, and crescent-shaped cakes possibly since antiquity.
Croissants have long been a staple of French bakeries and pâtisseries.
In the late 1970s, the development of factory-made, frozen, pre-formed but unbaked dough made them into a fast food which can be freshly baked by unskilled labor.
The croissanterie was explicitly a French response to American-style fast food, and today 30–40% of the croissants sold in French bakeries and patisseries are frozen.
Today, the croissant remains popular in a continental breakfast.
Article: Sound City (film)
Section: Performance

Question: Who were five composers/primary artists of the film "Sound City"?

 Robert Levon Been – composer, primary artist
 Tim Commerford – composer, primary artist
 Chris Goss – composer, primary artist
 Jessy Greene – composer, primary artist
 Dave Grohl – composer, primary artist
 Taylor Hawkins – composer, primary artist
 Peter Hayes – composer, primary artist
 Josh Homme – composer, primary artist
 Rami Jaffee – composer, primary artist
 Alain Johannes – composer, primary artist
 Jim Keltner – composer, primary artist
 Paul McCartney – composer, primary artist
 Nate Mendel – primary artist
 Stevie Nicks – composer, primary artist
 Rick Nielsen – composer, primary artist
 Krist Novoselic – composer, primary artist
 Scott Reeder – composer, primary artist
 Trent Reznor – composer, primary artist
 Pat Smear – composer, primary artist
 Rick Springfield – composer, primary artist
 Corey Taylor – composer, primary artist
 Lee Ving – composer, primary artist
 Brad Wilk – composer, primary artist