community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: The Avengers (2012 film)
Section: Promotional partners

Question: Who was Marvel Entertainment's president of consumer products?

Paul Gitter, Marvel Entertainment's president of consumer products, commented that the build-up to the film helped strengthen retail partnerships: "Retailers have been less tolerant with property films, so we decided that if we started on this coordinated strategy several years ago, retailers would give us shelf space throughout the years and we would have a more sustainable position in the marketplace".
In September 2011, set photos of Robert Downey Jr. driving a new model Acura were published online.
An Acura spokesperson later released a statement confirming the company's involvement with the film, "As you may know, Acura has been in the Marvel Comics Universe films as the official car of their fictional law enforcement agency called S.H.I.E.L.D.
That relationship continues for "The Avengers".
The open-top sports car that was photographed yesterday is a one-off, fictional car that was made just for the movie and will not be produced.
That said, as you may also know, our CEO has said publicly that we are studying the development of a new sportscar, but we can't say any more about it at this time."
In December 2011, Acura announced that a new NSX styled along the lines of the concept built for "The Avengers" would be unveiled at the 2012 North American International Auto Show.
A series of 10 S.H.I.E.L.D.
SUVs, based on the Acura MDX with modifications by Cinema Vehicle Services, were also made for the film.
In February 2012, it was announced that Marvel has partnered with fragrance company JADS to promote "The Avengers" with character-based fragrances.
The announcement was just ahead of the Toy Industry Association's annual February exhibition, where representatives held a sampling booth of the products.
Other promotional partners include bracelet-maker Colantotte, Dr Pepper, Farmers Insurance, Harley-Davidson, Hershey, Land O'Frost lunchmeats, Oracle, Red Baron pizza, Symantec, Visa and Wyndham Hotels & Resorts.
In total, Marvel and its parent-company Disney secured an estimated $100 million in worldwide marketing support for the film.
Notable exclusions include Baskin-Robbins, Burger King and Dunkin' Donuts, who had partnered with Marvel in the past when their films were distributed by Paramount.
Disney does not generally promote through fast food outlets.
Article: The Bachelor (U.S. TV series)
Section: Questions of authenticity

Question: Is the TV Show The Bachelor scripted?

On February 26, 2009, in an exclusive interview between "The Bachelor" Season 13 contestant Megan Parris, and Steve Carbone, Megan commented that the producers edit the footage to create a fictional storyline.
"I don't think producers showed any real conversation I had with anyone...
The viewers fail to realize that editing is what makes the show... You'll hear someone make one comment and then they'll show a clip of somebody's face to make it look like "that" is their facial reaction to that statement, but really, somebody made that face the day before to something else.
It's just piecing things together to make a story.
"On March 26, 2009, Megan Parris argued that not only was the show scripted, but that producers bullied contestants into saying things to the camera that contestants did not want to say.
"'There's nothing real about it,' she said of the show's trademark "confessionals," in which contestants talk to the camera about the latest goings-on.
"It is scripted," she said.
"They basically will call you names, berate you, curse at you until they get you to say what they want you to say."
Both ABC and Warner Bros., the studio that produces "The Bachelor," had no comment.
"On March 15, 2010, creator Mike Fleiss appeared on "20/20" and said that he develops contestants into characters that will cater to his audience's tastes and that they "need fair share of villains every season."
Fleiss has come under fire for admitting that "The Bachelor" has less to do with reality than it does making good television.
On February 24, 2012, during the taping of "The Women Tell All" episode of "The Bachelor," a private conversation between contestant Courtney Robertson and a show producer went public when microphones were accidentally left on in between camera takes.
The conversation revealed the producer's role as a coach encouraging Robertson to fake certain emotions for the camera which she was not feeling.
Article: Black hole
Section: Physical properties

Question: What theorem states only vacuum solution is spherically symmetric?

The simplest static black holes have mass but neither electric charge nor angular momentum.
These black holes are often referred to as Schwarzschild black holes after Karl Schwarzschild who discovered this solution in 1916.
According to Birkhoff's theorem, it is the only vacuum solution that is spherically symmetric.
This means that there is no observable difference between the gravitational field of such a black hole and that of any other spherical object of the same mass.
The popular notion of a black hole "sucking in everything" in its surroundings is therefore only correct near a black hole's horizon; far away, the external gravitational field is identical to that of any other body of the same mass.
Solutions describing more general black holes also exist.
Charged black holes are described by the Reissner–Nordström metric, while the Kerr metric describes a rotating black hole.
The most general stationary black hole solution known is the Kerr–Newman metric, which describes a black hole with both charge and angular momentum.
While the mass of a black hole can take any positive value, the charge and angular momentum are constrained by the mass.
In Planck units, the total electric charge "Q" and the total angular momentum "J" are expected to satisfy
formula_1
for a black hole of mass "M".
Black holes saturating this inequality are called extremal.
Solutions of Einstein's equations that violate this inequality exist, but they do not possess an event horizon.
These solutions have so-called naked singularities that can be observed from the outside, and hence are deemed "unphysical".
The cosmic censorship hypothesis rules out the formation of such singularities, when they are created through the gravitational collapse of realistic matter.
This is supported by numerical simulations.
Due to the relatively large strength of the electromagnetic force, black holes forming from the collapse of stars are expected to retain the nearly neutral charge of the star.
Rotation, however, is expected to be a common feature of compact objects.
The black-hole candidate binary X-ray source GRS 1915+105 appears to have an angular momentum near the maximum allowed value.
Black holes are commonly classified according to their mass, independent of angular momentum "J" or electric charge "Q".
The size of a black hole, as determined by the radius of the event horizon, or Schwarzschild radius, is roughly proportional to the mass "M" through
formula_2
where "r"sh is the Schwarzschild radius and "MSun" is the mass of the Sun.
This relation is exact only for black holes with zero charge and angular momentum; for more general black holes it can differ up to a factor of 2.
Article: A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte
Section: In popular culture

Question: Who created the "Sunday In The Park With George" musical?

The January 1974 "Playboy" magazine featured Nancy Cameron, its Playmate of the Month, on its cover superimposed on the painting in similar style.
The painting was the basis for the 1984 Broadway musical "Sunday In The Park With George" by Stephen Sondheim and James Lapine.
Subsequently the painting is sometimes referred to by the misnomer ""Sunday in the Park"".
The painting is prominently featured in the 1986 comedy film "Ferris Bueller's Day Off".
At the Old Deaf School Park in Columbus, Ohio, sculptor James T. Mason recreated the painting in topiary form; the installation was completed in 1989.
The painting was the inspiration for the commemorative poster printed for the 1993 Detroit Belle Isle Grand Prix, with racing cars and the Detroit skyline added.
The painting was featured, among others, in a scene from "".
It also featured in an episode of Family Guy, when Stewie visits an art museum; both times a parody of the famous "Ferris Bueller" sequence.
Article: Water polo
Section: Setting the ball

Question: Which is more difficult, a wet or dry pass?

The key to the offense is to accurately pass (or "set") the ball into the center forward or hole set, positioned directly in front of the goal ("the hole").
Any field player may throw the hole set a "wet pass."
A wet pass is one that hits the water just outside of the hole set's reach.
A dry pass may also be used.
This is where the hole set receives the ball directly in his hand and then attempts a shot at the cage.
This pass is much more difficult because if the pass is not properly caught, the officials will be likely to call an offensive foul resulting in a change of ball possession.
The hole set attempts to take possession of the ball a wet pass, to shoot at the goal, or to draw a foul from his defender.
A minor foul is called if his defender (called the "hole D") attempts to impede movement before the hole set has possession.
The referee indicates the foul with one short whistle blow and points one hand to the spot of the foul and the other hand in the direction of the attack of the team to whom the free throw has been awarded.
The hole set then has a "reasonable amount of time" (typically about three seconds) to re-commence play by making a free pass to one of the other players.
The defensive team cannot hinder the hole set until the free throw has been taken, but the hole set cannot shoot a goal once the foul has been awarded until the ball has been played by at least one other player.
If the hole set attempts a goal without the free throw, the goal is not counted and the defense takes possession of the ball, unless the shot is made outside the 5-meter line.
As soon as the hole set has a free pass, the other attacking players attempt to swim (or "drive") away from their defenders towards the goal.
The players at the flat position will attempt to set a screen (also known as a pick) for the driver.
If a driver gets free from a defender, the player calls for the pass from the hole set and attempts a shot at the goal.
Article: Singapore
Section: Government and politics

Question: Which party made gains in the 2011 elections?

Singapore is a parliamentary republic with a Westminster system of unicameral parliamentary government representing constituencies.
The country's constitution establishes a representative democracy as the political system.
Freedom House ranks Singapore as "partly free" in its "Freedom in the World" report, and "The Economist" ranks Singapore as a "hybrid regime", the third best rank of four, in its "Democracy Index".
Singapore has been consistently rated among the least corrupt countries in the world by Transparency International.
Executive power rests with the Cabinet of Singapore, led by the Prime Minister and, to a much lesser extent, the President.
The President is elected through a popular vote, and has veto powers over a specific set of executive decisions, such as the use of the national reserves and the appointment of judges, but otherwise occupies a largely ceremonial post.
The Parliament serves as the legislative branch of the government.
Members of Parliament (MPs) consist of elected, non-constituency and nominated members.
Elected MPs are voted into the Parliament on a "first-past-the-post" (plurality) basis and represent either single-member or group-representation constituencies.
The People's Action Party has won control of Parliament with large majorities in every election since self-governance was secured in 1959.
However, in the most recent Parliamentary elections in 2011, the opposition, led by the Workers' Party, made material gains, increasing its representation to six elected MPs.
The legal system of Singapore is based on English common law, but with substantial local differences.
Trial by jury was abolished in 1970 so that judicial decisions would rest entirely in the hands of appointed judges.
Singapore has penalties that include judicial corporal punishment in the form of caning, which may be imposed for such offenses as rape, rioting, vandalism, and certain immigration offenses.
There is a mandatory death penalty for murder, as well as certain aggravated drug-trafficking and firearms offenses.
Amnesty International has said that some legal provisions of the Singapore system conflict with the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty, and that Singapore has "possibly the highest execution rate in the world relative to its population".
The government has disputed Amnesty's claims.
In a 2008 survey of international business executives, Singapore and Hong Kong received top ranking with regard to judicial system quality in Asia.
In 2011, the World Justice Project's "Rule of Law Index" ranked Singapore among the top countries surveyed with regard to "Order and Security", "Absence of Corruption", and "Effective Criminal Justice".
However, the country received a much lower ranking for "Freedom of Speech" and "Freedom of Assembly".
All public gatherings of five or more people require police permits, and protests may legally be held only at the Speakers' Corner.
Article: Yellowstone National Park
Section: Geysers and the hydrothermal system

Question: What four geysers comprise Upper Geyser Basin in Yellowstone National Park?

The most famous geyser in the park, and perhaps the world, is Old Faithful Geyser, located in Upper Geyser Basin.
Castle Geyser, Lion Geyser and Beehive Geyser are in the same basin.
The park contains the largest active geyser in the world—Steamboat Geyser in the Norris Geyser Basin.
A study that was completed in 2011 found that at least 1283 geysers have erupted in Yellowstone.
Of these, an average of 465 are active in a given year.
Yellowstone contains at least 10,000 geothermal features altogether.
Half the geothermal features and two-thirds of the world's geysers are concentrated in Yellowstone.
In May 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey, Yellowstone National Park, and the University of Utah created the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO), a partnership for long-term monitoring of the geological processes of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field, for disseminating information concerning the potential hazards of this geologically active region.
In 2003, changes at the Norris Geyser Basin resulted in the temporary closure of some trails in the basin.
New fumaroles were observed, and several geysers showed enhanced activity and increasing water temperatures.
Several geysers became so hot that they were transformed into purely steaming features; the water had become superheated and they could no longer erupt normally.
This coincided with the release of reports of a multiple year United States Geological Survey research project which mapped the bottom of Yellowstone Lake and identified a structural dome that had uplifted at some time in the past.
Research indicated that these uplifts posed no immediate threat of a volcanic eruption, since they may have developed long ago, and there had been no temperature increase found near the uplifts.
On March 10, 2004, a biologist discovered 5 dead bison which apparently had inhaled toxic geothermal gases trapped in the Norris Geyser Basin by a seasonal atmospheric inversion.
This was closely followed by an upsurge of earthquake activity in April 2004.
In 2006, it was reported that the Mallard Lake Dome and the Sour Creek Dome— areas that have long been known to show significant changes in their ground movement— had risen at a rate of per year from mid–2004 through 2006.
As of late 2007, the uplift has continued at a reduced rate.
These events inspired a great deal of media attention and speculation about the geologic future of the region.
Experts responded to the conjecture by informing the public that there was no increased risk of a volcanic eruption in the near future.
However, these changes demonstrate the dynamic nature of the Yellowstone hydrothermal system.
Article: Evolution
Section: Mutation

Question: Where do mutations occur?

Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence of a cell's genome.
When mutations occur, they can either have no effect, alter the product of a gene, or prevent the gene from functioning.
Based on studies in the fly "Drosophila melanogaster", it has been suggested that if a mutation changes a protein produced by a gene, this will probably be harmful, with about 70% of these mutations having damaging effects, and the remainder being either neutral or weakly beneficial.
Mutations can involve large sections of a chromosome becoming duplicated (usually by genetic recombination), which can introduce extra copies of a gene into a genome.
Extra copies of genes are a major source of the raw material needed for new genes to evolve.
This is important because most new genes evolve within gene families from pre-existing genes that share common ancestors.
For example, the human eye uses four genes to make structures that sense light: three for colour vision and one for night vision; all four are descended from a single ancestral gene.
New genes can be generated from an ancestral gene when a duplicate copy mutates and acquires a new function.
This process is easier once a gene has been duplicated because it increases the redundancy of the system; one gene in the pair can acquire a new function while the other copy continues to perform its original function.
Other types of mutations can even generate entirely new genes from previously noncoding DNA.
The generation of new genes can also involve small parts of several genes being duplicated, with these fragments then recombining to form new combinations with new functions.
When new genes are assembled from shuffling pre-existing parts, domains act as modules with simple independent functions, which can be mixed together to produce new combinations with new and complex functions.
For example, polyketide synthases are large enzymes that make antibiotics; they contain up to one hundred independent domains that each catalyse one step in the overall process, like a step in an assembly line.
Article: India
Section: Literature

Question: What language was first used by Indians in their literature?

The earliest literary writings in India, composed between 1400 BCE and 1200 CE, were in the Sanskrit language.
Prominent works of this Sanskrit literature include epics such as the "Mahābhārata" and the "Ramayana", the dramas of Kālidāsa such as the "Abhijñānaśākuntalam" ("The Recognition of Śakuntalā"), and poetry such as the "Mahākāvya".
Kamasutra, the famous book about sexual intercourse also originated in India.
Developed between 600 BCE and 300 CE in South India, the "Sangam" literature, consisting of 2,381 poems, is regarded as a predecessor of Tamil literature.
From the 14th to the 18th centuries, India's literary traditions went through a period of drastic change because of the emergence of devotional poets such as Kabīr, Tulsīdās, and Guru Nānak.
This period was characterised by a varied and wide spectrum of thought and expression; as a consequence, medieval Indian literary works differed significantly from classical traditions.
In the 19th century, Indian writers took a new interest in social questions and psychological descriptions.
In the 20th century, Indian literature was influenced by the works of Bengali poet and novelist Rabindranath Tagore.
Article: Last Supper
Section: Prediction of Judas' betrayal

Question: How did Jesus identify the one who would betray him?

In , , and during the meal, Jesus predicted that one of his Apostles would betray him.
Jesus is described as reiterating, despite each Apostle's assertion that he would not betray Jesus, that the betrayer would be one of those who were present, and saying that there would be "woe to the man who betrays the Son of man!
It would be better for him if he had not been born."
In and , Judas is specifically identified as the traitor.
In the Gospel of John, when asked about the traitor, Jesus states: “It is the one to whom I will give this piece of bread when I have dipped it in the dish.” Then, dipping the piece of bread, he gave it to Judas, the son of Simon Iscariot.
As soon as Judas took the bread, Satan entered into him."
Article: Thailand
Section: Internet

Question: What is Thailands usual internet speed?

In Bangkok, there are 23,000 free wi-fi internet hotspots provided to the public.
The Internet in Thailand also consists of 10Gbit/s high speed fiber-optic lines that can be leased and ISP's such as KIRZ that provide residential internet services.
The internet is censored by the Thai government, making some sites unreachable.
Organisations involved are the Royal Thai Police, the Communications Authority of Thailand, and the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology (MICT).
Article: Glad You Came
Section: In popular culture / Cover versions

Question: On March 8th, 2012, which YouTube artist covered the track "Glad you came"?

 The song was being used to welcome the Singapore Armed Forces Parachute Team (better known as the Red Lions) during the National Day Parade, 2012 in Singapore.
It was also covered on the TV show "Glee" by The Warblers, led by Grant Gustin, playing the character Sebastian Smythe.
It was covered on Kidz Bop 22.
 The song was covered by the eleventh season top 10 on the 2012 summer tour as the finale song.
The song was also sung by the top 10 on twelfth season on the finale, May 16, 2013, where Candice Glover was crowned the "American Idol" winner.
 "Glad You Came" was covered by Masha, on her YouTube channel on March 8, 2012.
 American metalcore band We Came as Romans released a cover of this song for the compilation album Punk Goes Pop 5.
 Megan Nicole has done a cover of the song on her YouTube channel.
Article: October Revolution
Section: Western historiography

Question: Who revealed flows into the Soviet view in the October Revolution?

During the Cold War, Western historiography of the October Revolution developed in direct response to the assertions of the Soviet view.
The Soviet Marxist-Leninist version of the October Revolution conditioned historical interpretations in the United States and the West.
As a result, these Western historians exposed what they considered flaws in the Soviet view, thereby undermining the Bolshevik’s original legitimacy, as well as the precepts of Marxism.
Far from being inevitable according the historical laws of Marxism, these Western historians presented the revolution as the result of a chain of contingent accidents.
Examples of these accidental and contingent factors that precipitated the Revolution include World War I's timing, chance, and the poor leadership of Tsar Nicholas II as well as liberal and moderate socialists.
According to this historical interpretation, it was not popular support, but rather Bolshevik manipulation of the masses and the organization’s ruthlessness and superior structure which enabled it to survive.
For these historians, the Bolsheviks’ defeat in the Constituent Assembly elections of November–December 1917 demonstrated popular opposition to the Bolsheviks’ coup, as did the scale and breadth of the Civil War.
These historians saw the organization of the Bolshevik party as proto-totalitarian.
Their interpretation of the October Revolution as a violent coup organized by a proto-totalitarian party reinforced the idea that totalitarianism is an inherent part of Soviet history.
For them, Stalinist totalitarianism developed as a natural progression from Leninism and the Bolshevik party’s tactics and organization.