community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Yeast
Section: Ecology

Question: How does yeast attract pollinators to flowers?

Yeasts are very common in the environment, and are often isolated from sugar-rich materials.
Examples include naturally occurring yeasts on the skins of fruits and berries (such as grapes, apples, or peaches), and exudates from plants (such as plant saps or cacti).
Some yeasts are found in association with soil and insects.
The ecological function and biodiversity of yeasts are relatively unknown compared to those of other microorganisms.
Yeasts, including "Candida albicans", "Rhodotorula rubra", "Torulopsis" and "Trichosporon cutaneum", have been found living in between people's toes as part of their skin flora.
Yeasts are also present in the gut flora of mammals and some insects and even deep-sea environments host an array of yeasts.
An Indian study of seven bee species and 9 plant species found 45 species from 16 genera colonise the nectaries of flowers and honey stomachs of bees.
Most were members of the "Candida" genus; the most common species in honey stomachs was "Dekkera intermedia" and in flower nectaries, "Candida blankii".
Yeast colonising nectaries of the stinking hellebore have been found to raise the temperature of the flower, which may aid in attracting pollinators by increasing the evaporation of volatile organic compounds.
A black yeast has been recorded as a partner in a complex relationship between ants, their mutualistic fungus, a fungal parasite of the fungus and a bacterium that kills the parasite.
The yeast has a negative effect on the bacteria that normally produce antibiotics to kill the parasite, so may affect the ants' health by allowing the parasite to spread.
Article: American Revolution
Section: Patriots

Question: The sense of violated rights began after the British arrived in which city?

At the time, revolutionaries were called "Patriots", "Whigs", "Congress-men", or "Americans".
They included a full range of social and economic classes, but were unanimous regarding the need to defend the rights of Americans and uphold the principles of republicanism in terms of rejecting monarchy and aristocracy, while emphasizing civic virtue on the part of the citizens.
Newspapers were strongholds of patriotism (although there were a few Loyalist papers), and printed many pamphlets, announcements, patriotic letters and pronouncements.
Mark Lender explores why ordinary folk became insurgents against the British even though they were unfamiliar with the ideological rationales being offered.
They held very strongly a sense of "rights" that they felt the British were violating – rights that stressed local autonomy, fair dealing, and government by consent.
They were highly sensitive to the issue of tyranny, which they saw manifested in the British response to the Boston Tea Party.
The arrival in Boston of the British Army heightened their sense of violated rights, leading to rage and demands for revenge.
They had faith that God was on their side.
Article: Parks and Recreation
Section: Abstract

Question: What character does Amy Poehler play on Park and Recreation?

Parks and Recreation is an American comedy television series on the NBC television network, starring Amy Poehler as Leslie Knope, a perky, mid-level bureaucrat in the parks department of Pawnee, a fictional town in Indiana.
Conceived by Greg Daniels and Michael Schur, the series debuted on April 9, 2009 and is currently airing its sixth season, which began on September 26, 2013.
The show was renewed for a seventh season by NBC on January 19, 2014.
It uses a single-camera, mockumentary filming style, with the implication being that a documentary crew is filming everyone.
The ensemble and supporting cast features Amy Poehler, Rashida Jones, Aziz Ansari, Nick Offerman, Aubrey Plaza, Paul Schneider, Chris Pratt, Adam Scott, Rob Lowe, Jim O'Heir, and Retta.
The writers researched local California politics for the show, and consulted with urban planners and elected officials.
Poehler's character of Leslie Knope underwent minor changes after the first season in response to audience feedback that she seemed unintelligent and "ditzy".
The writing staff tried to incorporate current events into their episodes, such as a government shutdown in Pawnee inspired by the real-life global financial crisis.
Several guest stars have been featured in the show, and these characters often appear in multiple episodes.
"Parks and Recreation" received generally mixed reviews during its first season.
However, after a reapproach to its format and tone, its second and subsequent seasons received much higher critical acclaim.
"Parks and Recreation" has received several awards and nominations, including a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Comedy Series, four Emmy nominations and a Golden Globe win for Poehler's performance, and a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy.
In "Time"s 2012 year-end lists issue, "Parks and Recreation" was named the number one television series.
In 2013, after receiving four consecutive nominations in the category, "Parks and Recreation" won the Television Critics Association Award for Outstanding Achievement in Comedy.
"Parks and Recreation" has regularly been a part of NBC's "Comedy Night Done Right" programming during their Thursday night prime-time block.
Article: Subatomic particle
Section: Other properties

Question: Through the work of Albert Einstein, Louis de Broglie, and many others, current scientific theory holds that "all" particles also have what kind of nature?

Through the work of Albert Einstein, Louis de Broglie, and many others, current scientific theory holds that "all" particles also have a wave nature.
This has been verified not only for elementary particles but also for compound particles like atoms and even molecules.
In fact, according to traditional formulations of non-relativistic quantum mechanics, wave–particle duality applies to all objects, even macroscopic ones; although wave properties of macroscopic objects cannot be detected due to their small wavelengths.
Interactions between particles have been scrutinized for many centuries, and a few simple laws underpin how particles behave in collisions and interactions.
The most fundamental of these are the laws of conservation of energy and conservation of momentum, which let us make calculations of particle interactions on scales of magnitude that range from stars to quarks.
These are the prerequisite basics of Newtonian mechanics, a series of statements and equations in "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica", originally published in 1687.
Article: Lincoln Memorial
Section: Sculptural features

Question: Who is the author of , "Pinpointing the Past in Washington, D.C."?

The sculpture has been at the center of two urban legends.
Some have claimed that the face of General Robert E. Lee was carved onto the back of Lincoln's head, and looks back across the Potomac toward his former home, Arlington House, now within the bounds of Arlington National Cemetery.
Another popular legend is that Lincoln is shown using sign language to represent his initials, with his left hand shaped to form an "A" and his right hand to form an "L", the president's initials.
The National Park Service denies both legends.
However, historian Gerald Prokopowicz writes that, while it is not clear that sculptor Daniel Chester French intended Lincoln's hands to be formed into sign language versions of his initials, it is possible that French did intend it, because he was familiar with American Sign Language, and he would have had a reason to do so, that is, to pay tribute to Lincoln for having signed the federal legislation giving Gallaudet University, a university for the deaf, the authority to grant college degrees.
The National Geographic Society's publication, "Pinpointing the Past in Washington, D.C." states that Daniel Chester French had a son who was deaf and that the sculptor was familiar with sign language.
Historian James A. Percoco has observed that, although there are no extant documents showing that French had Lincoln's hands carved to represent the letters "A" and "L" in American Sign Language, "I think you can conclude that it's reasonable to have that kind of summation about the hands."
Article: Hersheypark
Section: Pioneer Frontier

Question: When was the Tidal Force and Canyon River Rapids changed into the new Boardwalk?

The largest area of the park, Pioneer Frontier, the southwestern-themed section of the park, includes four of the park’s roller coasters: Trailblazer (the second oldest in the park), Sidewinder, Storm Runner, and Fahrenheit.
It also includes the Frontier Flyers, The Howler, Mini Scrambler, and Livery Stables.
It also has its own food court which features a wide variety of restaurants.
The section previously included the area up to and including Tidal Force until 2007 when Tidal Force and Canyon River Rapids were rezoned into the new Boardwalk.
Article: The Scream
Section: Abstract

Question: When was the painting "The Scream" stolen?

The Scream () is the popular name given to each of four versions of a composition, created as both paintings and pastels, by the Expressionist artist Edvard Munch between 1893 and 1910.
Der Schrei der Natur ("The Scream of Nature") is the title Munch gave to these works, all of which show a figure with an agonized expression against a landscape with a tumultuous orange sky.
Arthur Lubow has described "The Scream" as "an icon of modern art, a Mona Lisa for our time."
Edvard Munch created the four versions in various media.
The National Gallery, Oslo, holds one of two painted versions (1893, shown at right).
The Munch Museum holds the other painted version (1910, see gallery) and a pastel version from 1893.
These three versions have not traveled for years.
The fourth version (pastel, 1895) was sold for $119,922,600 at Sotheby's Impressionist and Modern Art auction on 2 May 2012 to financier Leon Black, the second highest nominal price paid for a painting at auction.
The painting was on display in the Museum of Modern Art in New York from October 2012 to April 2013.
Also in 1895, Munch created a lithograph stone of the image.
Of the lithograph prints produced by Munch, several examples survive.
Only approximately four dozen prints were made before the original stone was resurfaced by the printer in Munch's absence.
"The Scream" has been the target of several high-profile art thefts.
In 1994, the version in the National Gallery was stolen.
It was recovered several months later.
In 2004, both "The Scream" and "Madonna" were stolen from the Munch Museum, and were both recovered two years later.
Article: Colosseum
Section: Supporting buildings

Question: What was the training school for the gladiators called?

The Colosseum and its activities supported a substantial industry in the area.
In addition to the amphitheatre itself, many other buildings nearby were linked to the games.
Immediately to the east is the remains of the "Ludus Magnus", a training school for gladiators.
This was connected to the Colosseum by an underground passage, to allow easy access for the gladiators.
The "Ludus Magnus" had its own miniature training arena, which was itself a popular attraction for Roman spectators.
Other training schools were in the same area, including the "Ludus Matutinus" (Morning School), where fighters of animals were trained, plus the Dacian and Gallic Schools.
Also nearby were the "Armamentarium", comprising an armory to store weapons; the "Summum Choragium", where machinery was stored; the "Sanitarium", which had facilities to treat wounded gladiators; and the "Spoliarium", where bodies of dead gladiators were stripped of their armor and disposed of.
Around the perimeter of the Colosseum, at a distance of 18 m (59 ft) from the perimeter, was a series of tall stone posts, with five remaining on the eastern side.
Various explanations have been advanced for their presence; they may have been a religious boundary, or an outer boundary for ticket checks, or an anchor for the "velarium" or awning.
Right next to the Colosseum is also the Arch of Constantine.
Article: Las Vegas Strip
Section: Pedestrian traffic

Question: In regards to the Las Vegas Strip, can you walk the whole length?

Pedestrians can walk the length of the Las Vegas Strip with wide sidewalks in many places.
Sidewalks can get crowded in the evenings and early mornings, especially on weekend nights.
Crowds also gather near the outdoor shows at The Mirage, Treasure Island and Bellagio.
To improve pedestrian safety and help alleviate traffic congestion at popular intersections, several pedestrian footbridges were erected.
Some feature designs which match the theme of the nearby resorts.
The Tropicana – Las Vegas Boulevard footbridges were the first to be installed, and based on the success of this project additional footbridges have been built on Las Vegas Boulevard at the Flamingo Road intersection connecting Bellagio, Caesar's Palace, Bally's, and The Cromwell; between The Mirage/Treasure Island and The Venetian, and at the Las Vegas Boulevard-Spring Mountain and Sands Avenue intersection connecting the Wynn with the Fashion Show Mall, The Palazzo and Treasure Island.
The latest to be completed connects Planet Hollywood, CityCenter and The Cosmopolitan at the Harmon Avenue intersection.
Article: Girl with a Pearl Earring
Section: Background

Question: Was the painting Girl With a Pearl Earring commissioned?

The painting is signed "IVMeer" but not dated.
It is unclear whether this work was commissioned, and, if so, by whom.
In any case, it is probably not meant as a conventional portrait.
The image is a tronie, the Dutch 17th-century description of a ‘head’ that was not meant to be a portrait.
After the most recent restoration of the painting in 1994, the subtle color scheme and the intimacy of the girl’s gaze toward the viewer have been greatly enhanced.
During the restoration, it was discovered that the dark background, today somewhat mottled, was initially intended by the painter to be a deep enamel-like green.
This effect was produced by applying a thin transparent layer of paint, called a glaze, over the present-day black background.
However, the two organic pigments of the green glaze, indigo and weld, have faded.
On the advice of Victor de Stuers, who for years tried to prevent Vermeer's rare works from being sold to parties abroad, Arnoldus Andries des Tombe purchased the work at an auction in The Hague in 1881, for only two guilders and thirty cents.
At the time, it was in poor condition.
Des Tombe had no heirs and donated this and other paintings to the Mauritshuis in 1902.
In 1937, a very similar painting, "Smiling Girl", at the time also thought to be by Vermeer, was donated by collector Andrew W. Mellon to the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. Now widely considered to be a fake, the painting was claimed by Vermeer expert Arthur Wheelock in a 1995 study to be by 20th-century artist and forger Theo van Wijngaarden, a friend of Han van Meegeren.
As part of a traveling exhibition while the Mauritshuis undertook construction, in 2012 the painting was exhibited in Japan at the National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, and in 2013-2014 the United States, where it was shown at the High Museum in Atlanta, the de Young Museum in San Francisco and in New York City at the Frick Collection.
Later in 2014 it was exhibited in Bologna, Italy.
Article: Dissolution of the Soviet Union
Section: Georgia – massacre in Tbilisi

Question: When did Gorbachev remove Jumber Patiashvili as First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party?

On April 7, 1989 troops and armored personnel carriers were sent onto the streets of Tbilisi after more than 100,000 people gathered in front of the Government and Communist Party headquarters, many with banners calling for Georgia to secede from the Soviet Union and urging the full integration into Georgia of the autonomous region of Abkhazia.
On 9 April 9, 1989 at least sixteen people were killed and more than 200 wounded when troops attacked the peaceful demonstrators.
This event radicalised Georgian politics, prompting many to conclude that independence was preferable to continued Soviet rule.
On 14 April 1989 Gorbachev removed Jumber Patiashvili as First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party for his poor handling of the April events and replaced him with the former Georgian KGB chief Givi Gumbaridze.
On July 16, 1989 in Sukhumi capital of Abkhazia a protest against the opening of a Georgian university branch in the town led to violence that quickly degenerated into a large-scale inter-ethnic confrontation in which 18 died and hundreds were injured before Soviet troops restored order.
This riot marked the start of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict.
Article: The Kid with a Bike
Section: Plot

Question: How old is Cyril in the movie, The Kid with a Bike?

The story begins with Cyril, a 12-year-old boy in foster care, searching for his father and lost bike.
Cyril escapes the foster home to try to find his father at his old apartment.
When the caretakers find him, Cyril flees to a doctor’s office nearby, where he grabs onto a woman in the waiting room.
Trying to alleviate the situation, the caretakers take Cyril to the empty apartment, confirming that his father has really abandoned him.
The next morning, the woman from the doctor's office, Samantha, shows up with Cyril’s bike.
She says she bought it from someone in the projects, but Cyril thinks it was stolen from his dad.
He likes Samantha though, and asks if she would take him in on weekends.
Later, through an old personal ad, Cyril discovers that his father actually sold his bike.
With Samantha, Cyril is able to finally track down his father.
However, his father isn't happy to be found and tells his son never to come back.
Cyril, heartbroken by his father's rejection, turns to Samantha for comfort.
But despite Samantha's care, Cyril is soon taken under the wing of Wesker, a local gang leader known as "The Dealer".
At The Dealer’s prompting, Cyril robs a newsstand owner and his son with a baseball bat.
The Dealer, fearing Cyril had been identified, forces him to keep quiet and keep the money.
Cyril tries giving it to his father only to be chased away.
Dejected, Cyril returns to Samantha and finally accepts her care for him.
The robbery is settled through mediation, where Cyril apologizes personally to the owner, who accepts, but his son does not and, in a chance encounter, tries to get his revenge.
In the ensuing chase, Cyril climbs a tree and falls when struck by a rock the son throws.
While he lies unconscious, the owner and son discuss what lies to tell the police.
While they're talking, Cyril comes to and walks away, having apparently decided to move on with his life.
Article: Rendang
Section: History

Question: Rendang was created where?

Rendang originates from the Sumatran Minangkabau region.
One of the earliest written records of rendang is from the early 16th century Hikayat Amir Hamzah.
The making of rendang spreads from Minangkabau region to Mandailing, Riau, Jambi, across the strait to Malacca and Negeri Sembilan, resulting in a variety of rendang traditions.
The popularity of rendang has spread widely from its original domain because of the "merantau" (migrating) culture of Minangkabau people.
Overseas Minangkabau leave their hometown to start a career in other Indonesian cities as well as neighboring countries, and Padang restaurants, Minangkabau eating establishments that are ubiquitous in Indonesian cities, spring up.
These Padang restaurants have introduced and popularized rendang and other Padang food dishes across Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and the wider world.
Andalas University historian, Prof. Gusti Asnan suggests that rendang began to spread across the region when Minangkabau merchants and migrant workers began to trade and migrate to Malacca in the 16th century.
“Because the journey through the river waterways in Sumatra took much time, a durable preserved dry rendang is suitable for long journey.” The dried Padang rendang is a durable food, good to consume for weeks, even when left at room temperature.
Article: Once Upon a Time (TV series)
Section: Spin-off

Question: What year was the TV series "Once upon a time" developed?

In February 2013, Kitsis & Horowitz, along with producers Zack Estrin and Jane Espenson, developed a spin-off focusing on Lewis Carroll's "Wonderland".
The series was given the proposed title "Once Upon a Time in Wonderland".
A "teaser presentation" began shooting in April 2013, with the pilot being shot in late July or August.
On May 10, 2013, ABC announced that it had green-lit the spin-off and on May 14, 2013, announced that the spin-off would air in the Thursday night 8:00pm time slot instead of making it a fill-in for the parent series, which had been hinted in the early stages.
The series premiered on October 10, 2013, for a thirteen-episode run that will end on April 3, 2014.
Article: Every Breath You Take
Section: Track listing

Question: How long is the track "Murder By Numbers" on "Every Breath You Take" album?

7": A&M / AM 117
 "Every Breath You Take" – 4:13
 "Murder By Numbers" – 4:31
2x7": A&M / AM 117
 "Every Breath You Take" – 4:13
 "Murder By Numbers" – 4:31
 "Man In A Suitcase" (live) – 2:18
 "Truth Hits Everybody '83" -3:34
 rare 2x7" single
Article: Diego Rivera
Section: Career in Mexico

Question: Where are Diego Rivera's most famous murals displayed?

In 1920, urged by Alberto J. Pani, the Mexican ambassador to France, Rivera left France and traveled through Italy studying its art, including Renaissance frescoes.
After José Vasconcelos became Minister of Education, Rivera returned to Mexico in 1921 to become involved in the government sponsored Mexican mural program planned by Vasconcelos.
"See also Mexican muralism."
The program included such Mexican artists as José Clemente Orozco, David Alfaro Siqueiros, and Rufino Tamayo, and the French artist Jean Charlot.
In January 1922, he painted – experimentally in encaustic – his first significant mural "Creation" in the Bolívar Auditorium of the National Preparatory School in Mexico City while guarding himself with a pistol against right-wing students.
In the autumn of 1922, Rivera participated in the founding of the Revolutionary Union of Technical Workers, Painters and Sculptors, and later that year he joined the Mexican Communist Party (including its Central Committee).
His murals, subsequently painted in fresco only, dealt with Mexican society and reflected the country's 1910 Revolution.
Rivera developed his own native style based on large, simplified figures and bold colors with an Aztec influence clearly present in murals at the Secretariat of Public Education in Mexico City begun in September 1922, intended to consist of one hundred and twenty-four frescoes, and finished in 1928.
His art, in a fashion similar to the steles of the Maya, tells stories.
The mural "En el Arsenal" (In the Arsenal) shows on the right-hand side Tina Modotti holding an ammunition belt and facing Julio Antonio Mella, in a light hat, and Vittorio Vidali behind in a black hat.
However, the "En el Arsenal" detail shown does not include the right-hand side described nor any of the three individuals mentioned; instead it shows the left-hand side with Frida Kahlo handing out munitions.
Leon Trotsky lived with Rivera and Kahlo for several months while exiled in Mexico.
Some of Rivera's most famous murals are featured at the National School of Agriculture at Chapingo near Texcoco (1925–27), in the Cortés Palace in Cuernavaca (1929–30), and the National Palace in Mexico City (1929–30, 1935).