community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Golf
Section: Stroke play

Question: What sport relies on stroke play?

In stroke play, the score achieved for each and every hole of the round or tournament is added to produce the total score, and the player with the lowest score wins.
Stroke play is the game most commonly played by professional golfers.
If there is a tie after the regulation number of holes in a professional tournament, a playoff takes place between all tied players.
Playoffs either are sudden death or employ a pre-determined number of holes, anywhere from three to a full 18.
In sudden death, a player who scores lower on a hole than all of his opponents wins the match.
If at least two players remain tied after such a playoff using a pre-determined number of holes, then play continues in sudden death format, where the first player to win a hole wins the tournament.
Article: Grand Central Terminal
Section: Grand Central Terminal

Question: What is Grand Central terminal made from?

Between 1903 and 1913, the entire building was torn down in phases and replaced by the current Grand Central Terminal, which was designed by the architectural firms of Reed and Stem and Warren and Wetmore, who entered an agreement to act as the associated architects of Grand Central Terminal in February 1904.
Reed & Stem were responsible for the overall design of the station, Warren and Wetmore added architectural details and the Beaux-Arts style.
Charles Reed was appointed the chief executive for the collaboration between the two firms, and promptly appointed Alfred T. Fellheimer as head of the combined design team.
This work was accompanied by the "electrification" of the three railroads using the station and the burial of the approach in the Park Avenue tunnel.
The result of this was the creation of several blocks worth of prime real estate in Manhattan, which were then sold for a large sum of money.
In addition, the terminal itself contains support structures for a possible future tower to be built above it.
The new terminal opened on February 2, 1913.
The terminal is made primarily from granite.
In fact, so much granite is used, the building emits relatively high levels of radiation on a regular basis.
Article: Shrek
Section: Accolades

Question: When did Shrek beat Monsters Inc for the Best Animated Feature oscar?

At the 74th Academy Awards, "Shrek" won the first ever Academy Award For Best Animated Feature, beating "Monsters, Inc." and "".
"Entertainment Weekly" put it on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list, saying, "Prince Charming?
So last millennium.
This decade, fairy-tale fans — and Princess Fiona — fell for a fat and flatulent Ogre.
Now, that's progress."
It was nominated for The Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
"Shrek" was also nominated for 6 BAFTA Award, including the BAFTA Award for Best Film.
Eddie Murphy became the first actor to ever receive a BAFTA nomination for a voice-over performance.
The film was also nominated for Best Visual Effects, Best Sound, Best Film Music, and won the BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.
"Shrek" was nominated for a dozen Annie Awards from ASIFA-Hollywood, and won eight Annies including Best Animated Feature and Outstanding Individual Achievement for Directing in an Animated Feature Production.
In June 2008, the American Film Institute revealed its "Ten top Ten"; the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres—after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community "Shrek" was acknowledged as the eighth best film in the animated genre, and the only non-Disney·Pixar film in the Top 10.
"Shrek" was also ranked second in a Channel 4 poll of the "100 Greatest Family Films", losing out on the top spot to "E.T.
the Extra-Terrestrial".
In 2005, "Shrek" came sixth in Channel 4's 100 Greatest Cartoons poll behind "The Simpsons", "Tom and Jerry", "South Park", "Toy Story" and "Family Guy".
In November 2009, the character, Lord Farquaad, was listed #14 in IGN UK's "Top 15 Fantasy Villains".
In 2006, it was ranked third on Bravo's 100 funniest films list.
American Film Institute recognition:
 AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains:
* Shrek - Nominated Hero
 AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
* I'm a Believer - Nominated
 AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) - Nominated
 AFI's 10 Top 10 - #8 Animated film
Article: Football
Section: Cambridge rules

Question: In which British city was the first set of modern rules for football established?

In 1848, at Cambridge University, Mr. H. de Winton and Mr. J.C. Thring, who were both formerly at Shrewsbury School, called a meeting at Trinity College, Cambridge with 12 other representatives from Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester and Shrewsbury.
An eight-hour meeting produced what amounted to the first set of modern rules, known as the "Cambridge rules".
No copy of these rules now exists, but a revised version from circa 1856 is held in the library of Shrewsbury School.
The rules clearly favour the kicking game.
Handling was only allowed "when a player catches the ball directly from the foot" entitling them to a free kick and there was a primitive offside rule, disallowing players from "loitering" around the opponents' goal.
The Cambridge rules were not widely adopted outside English public schools and universities (but it was arguably the most significant influence on the Football Association committee members responsible for formulating the rules of Association football).
Article: Gangnam Style
Section: Production

Question: Who directed the video to Gangnam Style?

The music video is directed by Cho Soo-hyun, who also directed the MV for Psy's follow-up single "Gentleman" and the MV for "This Love" by Shinhwa.
It shows Psy performing a comical horse-riding dance and appearing in unexpected locations around the Gangnam District, such as an outdoor yoga session and a hot tub.
He wears several distinctive suits and black sunglasses with a mindset of "dress classy and dance cheesy".
It features a "skewering the Gangnam image" by the "non-Gangnam Psy"; this parody would be recognizable to viewers familiar with Korean culture.
Although there are more than ten different locations featured, only two of the scenes are actually filmed in the Gangnam district.
The sauna scene, elevator scene and bathroom scene were filmed elsewhere in the greater Seoul region, and some shots were filmed in World Trade Center Seoul and the Songdo International Business District, which includes Songdo Central Park and International Business District Station.
The video was shot over 48 hours in July 2012.
In K-pop, it is routine to have cameos by celebrities in a music video, such as in the dance scenes in the elevator and the parking garage.
The guests in the music video include:
 4Minute member Hyuna, who dances in the subway car and attracts Psy's attention.
 Big Bang members Daesung and Seungri, who play two old men playing a board game in the park; they dive from the park bench after the explosion.
 Hwang Min-woo, a 7-year-old boy who dances at the beginning of the video.
During an interview with CNN, Psy stated that "the night before the music video shoot, I was watching "Korea's Got Talent" and saw him dance to Michael Jackson.
His moves were ridiculous.
So we called him up and asked him to be in the music video, which was shooting the very next day, and he came and it all worked out."
He has been praised for his eye-catching dance moves that have received a lot of attention from viewers.
 Comedian/television personality Korea's Nation emcee Yoo Jae-suk, who engages in a dance duel with Psy.
 Comedian/television personality Noh Hongchul, who does his trademark pelvis-thrusting dance in an elevator while Psy raps underneath him.
The music was composed by Psy and Yoo Gun-hyung, a producer in South Korea who has also collaborated with Psy in the past.
Yoo also arranged the song while Psy was responsible for the lyrics.
Article: Bourbon Street
Section: Attractions

Question: Which bar is the oldest gay bar in the country?

Though largely quiet during the day, Bourbon Street comes alive at night, particularly during the French Quarter's many festivals.
Most popular among these is the annual Mardi Gras celebration, when Bourbon Street teems with hundreds of thousands of tourists.
Local open container laws in the French Quarter allow drinking alcoholic beverages in the street.
Popular drinks include the hurricane cocktail, resurrection cocktail and Huge Ass Beers - a large plastic cup of draft beer marketed to tourists at a low price.
The most visited section of Bourbon Street is "Upper Bourbon Street", an eight-block section of popular tourist attractions.
Among the tourist attractions are bars, restaurants,souvenir shops and strip clubs.
There are also a number of gay bars.
Most bars are located in the central section of Bourbon Street.
Popular bars include Pat O'Brien's, Johnny White's, The Famous Door, Spirits on Bourbon, Razzoo and The Cats Meow.
Marie Laveau's House of Voodoo is located on the corner of St Ann.
Arguably the most popular restaurant on Bourbon Street is Galatoire's.
However, Jean Laffite's Blacksmith Shop and The Old Absinthe House are also popular.
The upper end of Bourbon Street near Canal Street is home to many of the French Quarter's strip clubs.
These include Rick's Cabaret, Temptations, and Larry Flynt's Barely Legal Club.
The section of Bourbon Street from the intersection of St. Ann Street caters to New Orleans' thriving gay community, featuring such clubs as New Orleans' largest gay nightclub, The Bourbon Pub, and Oz.
St. Ann Street has been referred to as "the Velvet Line", in reference to it being the edge or boundary line of the gay community in the French Quarter.
Cafe-Lafitte-In-Exile is the oldest gay bar in the country.
The intersection of Bourbon Street and St. Ann Street is also the center of Southern Decadence, commonly referred to as the "Gay Mardi Gras" and attracts upwards of 100,000 participants over Labor Day weekend.
Article: Battle of Red Cliffs
Section: Aftermath

Question: Which land did Liu Bei occupy that Cao Cao had recently lost?

By the end of 209, the post Cao Cao had established at Jiangling fell to Zhou Yu.
The borders of the land under Cao Cao's control contracted about , to the area around Xiangyang .
Liu Bei, on the other hand, had gained territory by taking over the four commanderies (Wuling, Changsha, Lingling and Guiyang) south of the Yangtze River.
Sun Quan's troops had suffered far greater casualties than Liu Bei's in the extended conflict against Cao Ren following the Battle of Red Cliffs , and the death of Zhou Yu in 210 resulted in a drastic weakening of Sun Quan's strength in Jing Province .
Liu Bei also occupied Jing Province that Cao Cao had recently lost — a strategic and naturally fortified area on the Yangtze River that Sun Quan claimed for himself.
The control of Jing Province provided Liu Bei with virtually unlimited access to the passage into Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing) and important waterways into Wu (southeastern China), as well as dominion of the southern Yangtze River.
Never again would Cao Cao command so large a fleet as he had at Jiangling, nor would a similar opportunity to destroy his southern rivals present itself again .
The Battle of Red Cliffs and the capture of Jing Province by Liu Bei confirmed the separation of southern China from the northern heartland of the Yellow River valley, and also foreshadowed a north-south axis of hostility which would resonate for centuries .
Article: The Avengers (2012 film)
Section: Promotional partners

Question: Does Disney promote via fast food companies?

Paul Gitter, Marvel Entertainment's president of consumer products, commented that the build-up to the film helped strengthen retail partnerships: "Retailers have been less tolerant with property films, so we decided that if we started on this coordinated strategy several years ago, retailers would give us shelf space throughout the years and we would have a more sustainable position in the marketplace".
In September 2011, set photos of Robert Downey Jr. driving a new model Acura were published online.
An Acura spokesperson later released a statement confirming the company's involvement with the film, "As you may know, Acura has been in the Marvel Comics Universe films as the official car of their fictional law enforcement agency called S.H.I.E.L.D.
That relationship continues for "The Avengers".
The open-top sports car that was photographed yesterday is a one-off, fictional car that was made just for the movie and will not be produced.
That said, as you may also know, our CEO has said publicly that we are studying the development of a new sportscar, but we can't say any more about it at this time."
In December 2011, Acura announced that a new NSX styled along the lines of the concept built for "The Avengers" would be unveiled at the 2012 North American International Auto Show.
A series of 10 S.H.I.E.L.D.
SUVs, based on the Acura MDX with modifications by Cinema Vehicle Services, were also made for the film.
In February 2012, it was announced that Marvel has partnered with fragrance company JADS to promote "The Avengers" with character-based fragrances.
The announcement was just ahead of the Toy Industry Association's annual February exhibition, where representatives held a sampling booth of the products.
Other promotional partners include bracelet-maker Colantotte, Dr Pepper, Farmers Insurance, Harley-Davidson, Hershey, Land O'Frost lunchmeats, Oracle, Red Baron pizza, Symantec, Visa and Wyndham Hotels & Resorts.
In total, Marvel and its parent-company Disney secured an estimated $100 million in worldwide marketing support for the film.
Notable exclusions include Baskin-Robbins, Burger King and Dunkin' Donuts, who had partnered with Marvel in the past when their films were distributed by Paramount.
Disney does not generally promote through fast food outlets.
Article: Jiro Dreams of Sushi
Section: Abstract

Question: Who is the director of the documentary "Jiro Dreams of Sushi"?

Jiro Dreams of Sushi is a 2011 American documentary film directed by David Gelb.
The film follows , an 85-year-old sushi master and owner of Sukiyabashi Jiro, a Michelin three-star restaurant, on his continuing quest to perfect the art of sushi.
The film also profiles Jiro's two sons, both of whom are also sushi chefs.
The younger son, Takashi (隆士), left Sukiyabashi Jiro to open a mirror image of his father's restaurant in Roppongi Hills.
The 50-year-old elder son, Yoshikazu (禎一), obligated to succeed his father, still works for Jiro and is faced with the prospect of one day taking over the flagship restaurant.
Article: Steak
Section: Skirt steak

Question: Where is a skirt steak located on a cow?

A skirt steak is a part of the plate (situated at the cow's abdomen), the steak is long, thick and tender and it is usually priced by its flavour rather than the tenderness because its flavour is better than its tenderness.
Skirt steaks are not to be confused with flank steaks because they are near the sirloin and shank.
Skirt steaks are used in many international cuisines: Mexican cuisine use this steak for fajitas and arrachera.
In the United Kingdom it is often used as filling for Cornish pasties as well as vegetables such as carrot and potato.
In Chinese cuisine it is used for stir-fries, in Spanish cuisine the steak is made for churrasco and Italian cuisine use skirt steak for making bolognese sauce as well as with tomatoes.
Article: Counting Stars
Section: Music video

Question: When was the music video Counting Stars filmed?

The music video was filmed on May 10, 2013, in New Orleans, Louisiana, and premiered on May 31, 2013.
The video features the band performing the song in a gloomy basement surrounded by hanging light bulbs – which is interspersed with scenes of several people in a Christian revival service.
At the end of the video, one of the people in the service falls through the floor, coming through the ceiling of the room the band is performing in.
The video also shows clips of an alligator crawling through the basement.
Article: Rice
Section: Arsenic concerns

Question: What has the United States set as a limit for arsenic in drinking water?

Rice and rice products contain arsenic, a known poison and Group 1 carcinogen.
There is no safe level of arsenic, but, as of 2012, a limit of 10 parts per billion has been established in the United States for drinking water, twice the level of 5 parts per billion originally proposed by the EPA.
Consumption of one serving of some varieties of rice gives more exposure to arsenic than consumption of 1 liter of water that contains 5 parts per billion arsenic; however, the amount of arsenic in rice varies widely with the greatest concentration in brown rice and rice grown on land formerly used to grow cotton; in the United States, Arkansas, Louisiana, Missouri, and Texas.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is studying this issue, but has not established a limit.
China has set a limit of 150 ppb for arsenic in rice.
White rice grown in Arkansas, Louisiana, Missouri, and Texas, which account for 76 percent of American-produced rice had higher levels of arsenic than other regions of the world studied, possibly because of past use of arsenic-based pesticides to control cotton weevils.
Rice from Thailand and India contain the least arsenic among rice varieties in one study.
Article: Croquet
Section: Garden

Question: Where is the starting point for all balls?

Garden croquet is widely played in the UK.
The rules are easy to learn and the game can be played on lawns of almost any size but usually around by .
The rules are similar to those described above for Association Croquet with three major differences:
 The starting point for all balls is a spot three feet in from the boundary directly in front of hoop1.
 If a strikers ball goes off, there is no penalty, it comes back on three feet and the turn continues.
 In a croquet stroke the croqueted ball does not have to move when the strikers ball is struck.
This version of the game is easy for beginners to learn.
The main Garden Croquet Club in the UK is the Bygrave Croquet Club which is a private club with five lawns.
Other clubs also use garden croquet as an introduction to the game, notably the Hampstead Heath Croquet Club and the Watford Croquet Club.
Article: Yellowstone National Park
Section: Flora

Question: What is the total number of Yellowstone National Park's trees and vascular plants?

Over 1,700 species of trees and other vascular plants are native to the park.
Another 170 species are considered to be exotic species and are non-native.
Of the eight conifer tree species documented, Lodgepole Pine forests cover 80% of the total forested areas.
Other conifers, such as Subalpine Fir, Engelmann Spruce, Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir and Whitebark Pine, are found in scattered groves throughout the park.
As of 2007, the whitebark pine is threatened by a fungus known as white pine blister rust; however, this is mostly confined to forests well to the north and west.
In Yellowstone, about seven percent of the whitebark pine species have been impacted with the fungus, compared to nearly complete infestations in northwestern Montana.
Quaking Aspen and willows are the most common species of deciduous trees.
The aspen forests have declined significantly since the early 20th century, but scientists at Oregon State University attribute recent recovery of the aspen to the reintroduction of wolves which has changed the grazing habits of local elk.
There are dozens of species of flowering plants that have been identified, most of which bloom between the months of May and September.
The Yellowstone Sand Verbena is a rare flowering plant found only in Yellowstone.
It is closely related to species usually found in much warmer climates, making the sand verbena an enigma.
The estimated 8,000 examples of this rare flowering plant all make their home in the sandy soils on the shores of Yellowstone Lake, well above the waterline.
In Yellowstone's hot waters, bacteria form mats of bizarre shapes consisting of trillions of individuals.
These bacteria are some of the most primitive life forms on earth.
Flies and other arthropods live on the mats, even in the middle of the bitterly cold winters.
Initially, scientists thought that microbes there gained sustenance only from sulfur.
In 2005 researchers from the University of Colorado at Boulder discovered that the sustenance for at least some of the diverse hyperthermophilic species is molecular hydrogen.
"Thermus aquaticus" is a bacterium found in the Yellowstone hot springs that produces an important enzyme (Taq polymerase) that is easily replicated in the lab and is useful in replicating DNA as part of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process.
The retrieval of these bacteria can be achieved with no impact to the ecosystem.
Other bacteria in the Yellowstone hot springs may also prove useful to scientists who are searching for cures for various diseases.
Non-native plants sometimes threaten native species by using up nutrient resources.
Though exotic species are most commonly found in areas with the greatest human visitation, such as near roads and at major tourist areas, they have also spread into the backcountry.
Generally, most exotic species are controlled by pulling the plants out of the soil or by spraying, both of which are time consuming and expensive.