community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Tokyo Disneyland
Section: Future of Disneyland Tokyo

Question: How is Japan merging their national identity with Disneyland?

Since the park opened in 1983, Disney Tokyo has regularly been the most profitable Disney Resort.
By 1994, over 140 million people had entered through the gates of Tokyo Disneyland (the population of Japan is only 127.6 million) and the popularity has only increased.
Just two years later, it employed 12,390 people, marking Disneyland Tokyo as the biggest workplace in Japan’s diversionary outings.
Though the attendance is similar to that of other Japanese theme parks, the revenue produced by Tokyo Disney is larger than all other national theme parks combined, thus greatly profiting the Japanese economy.
Many speculate that Disney Tokyo is such an economic success due to timing and location; the theme park lies in a metropolitan area with a population of 30 million and opened at the height of a booming economy where hard-working citizens desired a fun escape from reality.
One of the main goals of Tokyo Japan is to ever improve the park and grow away from the restrictions of American Disney.
Recently Japan has been merging their national identity with the Disneyland Park by adding attractions with distinctly Japanese qualities.
Cinderella Castle displays the classic Disney character and story plot yet presents the story through the eyes of the Japanese.
Meet the World, located in World Bazaar, shows true national identity and pride as it embodies Japanese history; instead of classic Disney characters, Meet the world characters wear the traditional Japanese Kimono.
Once nominated by Disney Legends, Masatomo Takahashi, the former president of The Oriental Land Company, states this growth and development as one as their primary goals: “We must not just repeat what we receive from Disney.
I am convinced that we must contribute to the cultural exchange between Japan and U.S.A."
Article: Maple syrup
Section: Grades

Question: When is newly-harvested syrup lighter in color?

In Canada, maple syrup is classified by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) as one of three grades, each with several colour classes: Canada No.
1, including Extra Light, Light, and Medium; No.
2 Amber; and finally No.
3 Dark or any other ungraded category.
Producers in Ontario or Québec may follow either federal or provincial grading guidelines.
Québec's and Ontario's guidelines differ slightly from the federal: there are two "number" categories in Québec (Number 1, with four colour classes, and 2, with five colour classes).
As in Québec, Ontario's producers have two "number" grades: 1, with three colour classes; and 2, with one colour class, which is typically referred to as "Ontario Amber" when produced and sold in that province only.
A typical year's yield for a maple syrup producer will be about 25 to 30 percent of each of the #1 colours, 10 percent #2 Amber, and 2 percent #3 Dark.
The United States uses different grading standards.
Maple syrup is divided into two major grades: Grade A and Grade B. Grade A is further divided into three subgrades: Light Amber (sometimes known as Fancy), Medium Amber, and Dark Amber.
The Vermont Agency of Agriculture Food and Markets uses a similar grading system of colour, and is roughly equivalent, especially for lighter syrups, but using letters: "AA", "A", etc.
The Vermont grading system differs from the US system in maintaining a slightly higher standard of product density (measured on the Baumé scale).
New Hampshire maintains a similar standard, but not a separate state grading scale.
The Vermont-graded product has 0.9 percent more sugar and less water in its composition than US-graded.
One grade of syrup not for table use, called commercial or Grade C, is also produced under the Vermont system.
Vermont inspectors enforce strict syrup grading regulations, and can fine producers up to US$1000 for labeling syrup incorrectly.
Extra Light and Grade A typically have a milder flavour than Grade B, which is very dark, with a rich maple flavour.
The dark grades of syrup are used primarily for cooking and baking, although some specialty dark syrups are produced for table use.
Syrup harvested earlier in the season tends to yield a lighter color.
The classification of maple syrup in the US depends ultimately on its translucence.
US Grade A Light Amber has to be more than 75 percent translucent, US Grade A Medium Amber has to be 60.5 to 74.9 percent translucent, US Grade A Dark Amber has to be 44.0 to 60.4 percent translucent, and US Grade B is any product less than 44.0 percent translucent.
The International Maple Syrup Institute has been working on international grading standards so that all producers will use the same grading system.
Transition to the new system is expected in the coming years.
Article: Person of interest
Section: Abstract

Question: What is the tern "unsub" short for?

"Person of interest" is a term used by U.S. law enforcement when identifying someone involved in a criminal investigation who has not been arrested or formally accused of a crime.
It has no legal meaning, but refers to someone in whom the police are "interested", either because the person is cooperating with the investigation, may have information that would assist the investigation, or possesses certain characteristics that merit further attention.
While terms such as "suspect", "target", and "material witness" have clear and sometimes formal definitions, "person of interest" remains undefined by the U.S. Department of Justice.
"Unsub" is a similar term which is short for "unknown subject" (used often, for example, in the TV show "Criminal Minds").
Person of interest is sometimes used as a euphemism for "suspect", and its careless use may encourage trials by media.
With respect to terrorism investigations, Eric Lichtblau wrote in the "New York Times": "Law enforcement officials say that the term simply reflects the new tactics required to fight terrorism.
But some legal scholars say officials are trying to create a more benign public image, even as their power expands."
Article: Chemical reaction
Section: Oxidation and reduction

Question: Element that easily donate electrons and oxidize have what property?

Redox reactions can be understood in terms of transfer of electrons from one involved species (reducing agent) to another (oxidizing agent).
In this process, the former species is "oxidized" and the latter is "reduced".
Though sufficient for many purposes, these descriptions are not precisely correct.
Oxidation is better defined as an increase in oxidation state, and reduction as a decrease in oxidation state.
In practice, the transfer of electrons will always change the oxidation state, but there are many reactions that are classed as "redox" even though no electron transfer occurs (such as those involving covalent bonds).
In the following redox reaction, hazardous sodium metal reacts with toxic chlorine gas to form the ionic compound sodium chloride, or common table salt:
formula_21
In the reaction, sodium metal goes from an oxidation state of 0 (as it is a pure element) to +1: in other words, the sodium lost one electron and is said to have been oxidized.
On the other hand, the chlorine gas goes from an oxidation of 0 (it is also a pure element) to -1: the chlorine gains one electron and is said to have been reduced.
Because the chlorine is the one reduced, it is considered the electron acceptor, or in other words, induces oxidation in the sodium - thus the chlorine gas is considered the oxidizing agent.
Conversely, the sodium is oxidized or is the electron donor, and thus induces reduction in the other species and is considered the "reducing agent".
Which of the involved reactants would be reducing or oxidizing agent can be predicted from the electronegativity of their elements.
Elements with low electronegativity, such as most metals, easily donate electrons and oxidize – they are reducing agents.
On the contrary, many ions with high oxidation numbers, such as , , , , can gain one or two extra electrons and are strong oxidizing agents.
The number of electrons donated or accepted in a redox reaction can be predicted from the electron configuration of the reactant element.
Elements try to reach the low-energy noble gas configuration, and therefore alkali metals and halogens will donate and accept one electron respectively.
Noble gases themselves are chemically inactive.
An important class of redox reactions are the electrochemical reactions, where electrons from the power supply are used as the reducing agent.
These reactions are particularly important for the production of chemical elements, such as chlorine or aluminium.
The reverse process in which electrons are released in redox reactions and can be used as electrical energy is possible and used in batteries.
Article: Pho
Section: History

Question: When did pho originate?

Pho originated in the early 20th century in northern Vietnam, apparently southeast of Hanoi in Nam Định Province, then a substantial textile market.
The traditional home of pho is reputed to be the villages of and (or ) in Đông Xuân commune, Nam Trực District, Nam Định Province.
According to villagers, pho was eaten in long before the French colonial period when it was popularized.
Pho was originally sold at dawn and dusk by roaming street vendors, who shouldered mobile kitchens on carrying poles (').
From the pole hung two wooden cabinets, one housing a cauldron over a wood fire, the other storing noodles, spices, cookware, and space to prepare a bowl of pho.
Pho vendors kept their heads warm with distinctive, disheveled felt hats called '.
Hanoi's first two fixed pho stands were a Vietnamese-owned Cát Tường on Cầu Gỗ Street and a Chinese-owned stand in front of Bờ Hồ tram stop.
They were joined in 1918 by two more on Quạt Row and Đồng Row.
Around 1925, a Vân Cù villager named Vạn opened the first "Nam Định style" pho stand in Hanoi. ""
declined in number around 1936–1946 in favor of stationary eateries.
Article: Salvador Dalí
Section: Graphic arts

Question: Did the artist also work in graphic arts?

The artist worked extensively in the graphic arts, producing many etchings and lithographs.
While his early work in printmaking is equal in quality to his important paintings, as he grew older he would sell the rights to images but not be involved in the print production itself.
In addition, a large number of fakes were produced in the 1980s and 1990s, thus further confusing the Dalí print market.
Article: DNA
Section: Nucleobase classification

Question: Does DNA usually contain uracil?

The nucleobases are classified into two types: the purines, A and G, being fused five- and six-membered heterocyclic compounds, and the pyrimidines, the six-membered rings C and T. A fifth pyrimidine nucleobase, uracil (U), usually takes the place of thymine in RNA and differs from thymine by lacking a methyl group on its ring.
In addition to RNA and DNA a large number of artificial nucleic acid analogues have also been created to study the properties of nucleic acids, or for use in biotechnology.
Uracil is not usually found in DNA, occurring only as a breakdown product of cytosine.
However in a number of bacteriophages – "Bacillus subtilis" bacteriophages PBS1 and PBS2 and "Yersinia" bacteriophage piR1-37 – thymine has been replaced by uracil.
Another phage - Staphylococcal phage S6 - has been identified with a genome where thymine has been replaced by uracil.
Base J (beta-d-glucopyranosyloxymethyluracil), a modified form of uracil, is also found in a number of organisms: the flagellates "Diplonema" and "Euglena", and all the kinetoplastid genera Biosynthesis of J occurs in two steps: in the first step a specific thymidine in DNA is converted into hydroxymethyldeoxyuridine; in the second HOMedU is glycosylated to form J. Proteins that bind specifically to this base have been identified.
These proteins appear to be distant relatives of the Tet1 oncogene that is involved in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia.
J appears to act as a termination signal for RNA polymerase II.
Article: Bathsheba
Section: In rabbinical literature

Question: What animal disguise does Satan undertake?

Bathsheba was the granddaughter of Ahithophel, David's famous counselor.
The Haggadah states that Ahithophel, was misled by his knowledge of astrology into believing himself destined to become king of Israel.
He therefore induced Absalom to commit an unpardonable crime (II Sam.
xvi.
21), which sooner or later would have brought with it, according to Jewish law, the penalty of death; the motive for this advice being to remove Absalom, and thus to make a way for himself to the throne.
His astrological information had been, however, misunderstood by him; for in reality it only predicted that his granddaughter, Bathsheba, the daughter of his son Eliam, would become queen (Sanh.
101b, YalḲ.
Sam.
§ 150).
The Midrash portrays the influence of Satan bringing about the sinful relation of David and Bathsheba as follows: Bathsheba was bathing, perhaps behind a screen of wickerwork.
Satan is depicted as coming in the disguise of a bird.
David, shooting at the bird, strikes the screen, splitting it; thus Bathsheba is revealed in her beauty to David (Sanhedrin 107a).
Article: Tennis
Section: Special point terms

Question: What are winning break points referred to as?

Game pointA "game point" occurs in tennis whenever the player who is in the lead in the game needs only one more point to win the game.
The terminology is extended to sets (set point), matches (match point), and even championships (championship point).
For example, if the player who is serving has a score of 40-love, the player has a triple game point (triple set point, etc.)
as the player has three consecutive chances to win the game.
Game points, set points, and match points are not part of official scoring and are not announced by the chair umpire in tournament play.
Break pointA "break point" occurs if the receiver, not the server, has a chance to win the game with the next point.
Break points are of particular importance because serving is generally considered advantageous, with the server being expected to win games in which they are serving.
A receiver who has one (score of 30–40), two (score of 15–40) or three (score of love-40) consecutive chances to win the game has "break point", "double break point" or "triple break point", respectively.
If the receiver does, in fact, win their break point, the game is awarded to the receiver, and the receiver is said to have "converted" their break point.
If the receiver fails to win their break point it is called a "failure to convert."
Winning break points, and thus the game, is also referred to as "breaking serve", as the receiver has disrupted, or "broken" the natural advantage of the server.
If in the following game the previous server also wins a break point it is referred to as "breaking back".
At least one break of serve is required to win a set.
Article: General relativity
Section: Gravitational time dilation and frequency shift

Question: What does gravity influence, assuming the equivalence principle holds?

Assuming that the equivalence principle holds, gravity influences the passage of time.
Light sent down into a gravity well is blueshifted, whereas light sent in the opposite direction (i.e., climbing out of the gravity well) is redshifted; collectively, these two effects are known as the gravitational frequency shift.
More generally, processes close to a massive body run more slowly when compared with processes taking place farther away; this effect is known as gravitational time dilation.
Gravitational redshift has been measured in the laboratory and using astronomical observations.
Gravitational time dilation in the Earth's gravitational field has been measured numerous times using atomic clocks, while ongoing validation is provided as a side effect of the operation of the Global Positioning System (GPS).
Tests in stronger gravitational fields are provided by the observation of binary pulsars.
All results are in agreement with general relativity.
However, at the current level of accuracy, these observations cannot distinguish between general relativity and other theories in which the equivalence principle is valid.
Article: Mongolia
Section: Transportation

Question: Is the road transportation system well developed in Mongolia?

The Trans-Mongolian Railway is the main rail link between Mongolia and its neighbors.
It begins at the Trans-Siberian Railway in Russia at the town of Ulan-Ude, crosses into Mongolia, runs through Ulaanbaatar, then passes into China at Erenhot where it joins the Chinese railway system.
A separate railroad link connects the eastern city of Choibalsan with the Trans-Siberian Railway.
However, that link is closed to passengers after the Mongolian town of Chuluunkhoroot.
Mongolia has a number of domestic airports with some of them having international status.
However, the main international airport is Chinggis Khaan International Airport, located approximately from downtown Ulaanbaatar.
Direct flight connections exist between Mongolia and South Korea, China, Thailand, Hong Kong, Japan, Russia, Germany, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkey.
MIAT Mongolian Airlines is Mongolia's national air carrier operating international flights, while other domestic air carriers such as Eznis Airways, AeroMongolia and Hunnu Airlines are serving both domestic and regional routes.
Many overland roads in Mongolia are only gravel roads or simple cross-country tracks.
There are paved roads from Ulaanbaatar to the Russian and Chinese border, from Ulaanbaatar east- and westward (the so-called Millenium Road), and from Darkhan to Bulgan.
A number of road construction projects are currently underway.
Mongolia has 4,800 km of paved roads, with 1,800 km of that total completed in 2013 alone.
Article: Taekwondo
Section: Korean commands

Question: When might a Taekwondo student be asked what certain Korean words are?

In taekwondo, Korean language commands are often used.
Korean numerals may be used as prompts or commands, or for counting repetition exercises.
Often, students count in Korean during their class, and during tests they are usually asked what certain Korean words mean.
These words are fairly common amongst taekwondo schools, but accuracy of pronunciation can vary widely.
Article: Vietnam War
Section: Popular culture

Question: Name two films made in the 2000s based on the Vietnam War.

The Vietnam War has been featured extensively in television, film, video games, and literature in the participant countries.
In American popular culture, the "Crazy Vietnam Veteran", driven mad or otherwise disturbed by his experiences in Vietnam, became a common stock character after the war.
One of the first major films based on the Vietnam War was John Wayne's pro-war film, "The Green Berets" (1968).
Further cinematic representations were released during the 1970s and 1980s, including Michael Cimino's "The Deer Hunter" (1978), Francis Ford Coppola's "Apocalypse Now" (1979), Oliver Stone's "Platoon" (1986) — based on his service in the U.S. Military during the Vietnam War, Stanley Kubrick's "Full Metal Jacket" (1987), "Hamburger Hill" (1987), and "Casualties of War" (1989).
Later films would include "We Were Soldiers" (2002) and "Rescue Dawn" (2007).
The war also influenced a generation of musicians and songwriters in Vietnam and the United States, both anti-war and pro/anti-communist.
The band Country Joe and the Fish recorded "I-Feel-Like-I'm-Fixin'-To-Die Rag" / The "Fish" Cheer in 1965, and it became one of the most influential anti-Vietnam protest anthems.
Trinh Cong Son was a South Vietnamese songwriter famous for his anti-war songs.
Article: All I Want for Christmas Is You
Section: Remixes, Extra Festive, and Superfestive versions

Question: What year was all I want for Christmas released?

When the song was first released as a single in 1994, no remixes were commissioned.
Carey re-released the song commercially in Japan in 2000, with a new remix known as the So So Def remix.
The remix contains new vocals and is played over a harder, more urban beat; it features raps by Jermaine Dupri and Bow Wow.
The remix appears on Carey's compilation album "Greatest Hits" (2001) as a bonus track.
In 2009, a remix produced by Carey and Low Sunday, called "Mariah's New Dance Mix", was released.
The mix laid the original 1994 vocals over new electronic instrumentation.
The remix garnered a positive response.
MTV's Kyle Anderson wrote that "it's difficult to improve perfection," but that the remix "does dress up the song in a disco thump that should make your office Christmas party 28 percent funkier than it was last year."
Idolator's Becky Bain praised the song's catchiness.
In 2010, Carey re-recorded the song for her thirteenth studio and second holiday album, "Merry Christmas II You".
Titled "All I Want for Christmas Is You (Extra Festive)", the new version featured re-recorded vocals, softer bell ringing and stronger drumming, and an orchestral introduction that replaced the a capella introduction.
Steven J. Horowitz from "Rap-Up" wrote that the new version "sound just as enjoyable as it did in 1994."
While the song was praised, it drew criticism for being too similar to the original.
Thomas Connor from the "Chicago Sun-Times" wrote that the new version "just seems to add a few brassy backup singers to the exact same arrangement."
Caryn Ganz from "Rolling Stone" agreed, writing that it was "hard to figure out what's 'extra festive'" about the new version.
Dan Hancox, editor of "The National", also felt the new version was unnecessary.
In 2011, pop singer Justin Bieber also recorded a version of the song as a duet with Carey, titled "All I Want for Christmas Is You (Superfestive!
)", on his holiday album, "Under the Mistletoe".
The accompanying music video for the duet was filmed in Macy's department store in New York, and features Bieber shopping with his friends whilst Carey poses on a staging area next to a Christmas tree and gifts.
The two rejoice at the end by sitting in a sleigh with a crowd of young customers handing out gifts to everyone.
Article: The Terminator
Section: Post-production

Question: When was the soundtrack for 'The Terminator' released?

After production finished on "The Terminator", some post-production shots were needed.
These included scenes showing the Terminator outside Sarah Connor's apartment, Reese being zipped into a body bag, and the Terminator's head being crushed in a press.
The film's soundtrack was synthesizer music composed by Brad Fiedel.
Fiedel described the film's music as being about "a mechanical man and his heartbeat".
Almost all the music in the film was performed live.
"The Terminator"s theme is played over the opening credits and is played in various points in the film in sped up versions: a slowed down version when Reese dies, and a piano version during the love scene.
Fiedel created music for when Reese and Connor escape from the police station that would be appropriate for a "heroic moment".
Cameron turned down this theme, as he believed it would lose the audience's excitement.
The soundtrack to the film was released in 1984.