community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: The Motto
Section: Cultural impact

Question: What is Zac Efron's tattoo?

The song uses the phrase YOLO, an acronym for "you only live once".
The phrase can be seen in youth culture, for example a high school prank in Chicago, Illinois, involved high school students chanting "YOLO."
Some people have graffitied YOLO on walls.
It has become a popular Twitter hashtag.
Some youth have said that it is their motto, and actor Zac Efron got a tattoo with the acronym.
Some youth, however, have taken action against the "YOLO" mindset; hip hop artist Joey Bada$$ released a song entitled "Death of YOLO" on his album "Summer Knights".
The song uses nearly dying in a car accident, a result of the "YOLO" lifestyle, as a metaphor for living making poor decisions.
The hip-hop magazine "Da South" reported that the rapper Lecrae has deconstructed the motto YOLO in his answer song "No Regrets".
The Washington Post describes YOLO as "the newest acronym you'll love to hate".
The Huffington Post says: "YOLO is dumb."
In his January 18, 2014 appearance on Saturday Night Live, Drake apologized for popularizing the acronym.
The phrase "you only live once" is commonly attributed to Mae West, but variations of the phrase have been in use for over 100 years, including as far back as (the German equivalent of) "one lives but once in the world" by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in the play Clavigo in 1774, and as the title of a waltz "Man lebt nur einmal!"
("You Only Live Once!")
by Johann Strauss II in 1855.
Article: Family Guy
Section: Criticism and controversy

Question: What do the letters PTC represent?

One of the initial critics to give the show negative reviews was Ken Tucker from "Entertainment Weekly"; he called it ""The Simpsons" as conceived by a singularly sophomoric mind that lacks any reference point beyond other TV shows".
The Parents Television Council (PTC), a conservative, non-profit watchdog, has attacked the series since its premiere and has branded various episodes as "Worst TV Show of the Week".
In May 2000 the PTC launched a letter-writing campaign to the Fox network in an effort to persuade the network to cancel the show.
The PTC has placed the show on their annual lists of "Worst Prime-Time Shows for Family Viewing" in 2000, 2005, and 2006.
The Federal Communications Commission has received multiple petitions requesting that the show be blocked from broadcasting on indecency grounds.
Tucker and the PTC have both accused the show of portraying religion negatively, and of being racist.
Because of the PTC, some advertisers have canceled their contracts after reviewing the content of the episodes, claiming it to be unsuitable.
Critics have compared the show's humor and characters with those of "The Simpsons".
Various episodes of the show have generated controversy.
In "The Son Also Draws" (season one, 1999) Peter jokes that "Canada sucks"; this caused controversy with Canadian viewers.
In "420" (season seven, 2009) Brian decides to start a campaign to legalize cannabis in Quahog; the Venezuelan government reacted negatively to the episode and banned "Family Guy" from airing on their local networks, which generally syndicate American programming.
Venezuelan justice minister Tareck El Aissami, citing the promotion of the use of cannabis, stated that any cable stations that did not stop airing the series would be fined; the government showed a clip which featured Brian and Stewie singing the praises of marijuana as a demonstration of how the United States supports cannabis use.
In "Extra Large Medium" (season eight, 2010) a character named Ellen (who has Down syndrome) states that her mother is the former Governor of Alaska, which strongly implies that her mother is Sarah Palin, the only woman to have served in the office of governor in the state.
Sarah Palin, the mother of a special-needs child, criticized the episode in an appearance on "The O'Reilly Factor", calling those who made the show "cruel, cold-hearted people."
Article: American Hustle
Section: Critical response

Question: What reporter from Variety was critical of the film "American Hustle"?

"American Hustle" received critical acclaim upon its release.
The cast received praise for their performances, notably Adams and Lawrence.
Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a 93% rating, based on reviews from 240 critics with an average score of 8.2/10.
The site's consensus reads, "Riotously funny and impeccably cast, "American Hustle" compensates for its flaws with unbridled energy and some of David O. Russell's most irrepressibly vibrant direction."
Metacritic gives a score of 90/100, indicating "universal acclaim", based on reviews from 47 critics.
Christy Lemire awarded the film four out of four stars, praising David O. Russell's directing and the relationship between Irving and Sydney, as well as Jennifer Lawrence's portrayal of Rosalyn.
She writes: "For all its brashness and big personality, "American Hustle" is a character study at its core—an exploration of dissatisfaction and drive, and the lengths to which we're willing to go for that elusive thing known as a better life."
Richard Roeper of the "Chicago Sun-Times" gave the film an A+, especially complimenting Bradley Cooper's performance and stating that "American Hustle" was "the best time I've had at the movies all year."
He later named it the year's best film.
"Time" magazine's Richard Corliss wrote, ""American Hustle" is an urban eruption of flat-out fun — the sharpest, most exhilarating comedy in years.
Anyone who says otherwise must be conning you.
"Peter Debruge of "Variety" was critical of the film, calling it "a sloppy sprawl of a movie" and complaining that the improvisational performances overwhelm instead of adding to a coherent plot."
He also went on to write that it "makes your brain hurt — and worse, overwhelms the already overcomplicated Abscam retelling at the center of the film."
Article: Denmark
Section: Viking and Middle Ages

Question: Where were the Danish Vikings most active?

From the 8th to the 10th century, the Danes, as well as Norwegians and Swedes, were known as Vikings.
They colonised, raided, and traded in all parts of Europe.
Viking explorers first discovered Iceland by accident in the 9th century, on the way towards the Faroe Islands and eventually came across "Vinland" (Land of wine), also known today as Newfoundland, a province in Canada.
The Danish Vikings were most active in the British Isles and Western Europe.
They conquered and settled parts of England (known as the Danelaw) under King Sweyn Forkbeard in 1013, Ireland, and France where they founded Normandy.
More Anglo-Saxon pence of this period have been found in Denmark than in England.
As attested by the Jelling stones, the Danes were united and Christianised about 965 by Harald Bluetooth.
It is believed that Denmark became Christian for political reasons so as not to get invaded by the rising Christian power in Europe, Germania, which was an important trading area for the Danes.
In that case Harald built six fortresses around Denmark called Trelleborg and built a further Danevirke.
In the early 11th century, Canute the Great won and united Denmark, England, and Norway for almost 30 years.
Throughout the High and Late Middle Ages, Denmark also included Skåneland (Skåne, Halland, and Blekinge) and Danish kings ruled Danish Estonia, as well as the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein.
Most of the latter two now form the state of Schleswig-Holstein in northern Germany.
In 1397, Denmark entered into a personal union with Norway and Sweden, united under Queen Margaret I.
The three countries were to be treated as equals in the union.
However, even from the start Margaret may not have been so idealistic—treating Denmark as the clear "senior" partner of the union.
Thus, much of the next 125 years of Scandinavian history revolves around this union, with Sweden breaking off and being re-conquered repeatedly.
The issue was for practical purposes resolved on 17 June 1523, as Swedish King Gustav Vasa conquered the city of Stockholm.
The Protestant Reformation came to Scandinavia in the 1530s, and following the Count's Feud civil war, Denmark converted to Lutheranism in 1536.
Later that year, Denmark entered into a union with Norway.
Article: Argentina
Section: Independence and civil wars

Question: What year was Buenos Aires' constitution enacted?

Beginning a process from which Argentina was to emerge as successor state to the Viceroyalty, the 1810 May Revolution replaced the viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros with the First Junta, a new government in Buenos Aires composed by locals.
In the first clashes of the Independence War the Junta crushed a royalist counter-revolution in Córdoba, but failed to overcome those of the Banda Oriental, Upper Peru and Paraguay, which later became independent states.
Revolutionaries split into two antagonist groups: the Centralists and the Federalists—a move that would define Argentina's first decades of independence.
The Assembly of the Year XIII appointed Gervasio Antonio de Posadas as Argentina's first Supreme Director.
In 1816 the Congress of Tucumán formalized the Declaration of Independence.
One year later General Martín Miguel de Güemes stopped royalists on the North, and General José de San Martín took an army across the Andes and secured the independence of Chile; then he led the fight to the Spanish stronghold of Lima and proclaimed the independence of Peru.
In 1819 Buenos Aires enacted a centralist constitution that was soon abrogated by federalists.
The 1820 Battle of Cepeda, fought between the Centralists and the Federalists, resulted in the end of the Supreme Director rule.
In 1826 Buenos Aires enacted another centralist constitution, with Bernardino Rivadavia being appointed as the first president of the country.
However, the interior provinces soon rose against him, forced his resignation and discarded the constitution.
Centralists and Federalists resumed the civil war; the latter prevailed and formed the Argentine Confederation in 1831, led by Juan Manuel de Rosas.
During his regime he faced a French blockade (1838–1840), the War of the Confederation (1836–1839), and a combined Anglo-French blockade (1845–1850), but remained undefeated and prevented further loss of national territory.
His trade restriction policies, however, angered the interior provinces and in 1852 Justo José de Urquiza, another powerful caudillo, beat him out of power.
As new president of the Confederation, Urquiza enacted the liberal and federal 1853 Constitution.
Buenos Aires seceded but was forced back into the Confederation after being defeated in the 1859 Battle of Cepeda.
Article: Leonardo da Vinci
Section: Paintings of the 1490s

Question: Which depiction was most challenging for da Vinci in "The Last Supper"?

Leonardo's most famous painting of the 1490s is "The Last Supper", painted for the refectory of the Convent of Santa Maria della Grazie in Milan.
The painting represents the last meal shared by Jesus with his disciples before his capture and death.
It shows specifically the moment when Jesus has just said "one of you will betray me".
Leonardo tells the story of the consternation that this statement caused to the twelve followers of Jesus.
The novelist Matteo Bandello observed Leonardo at work and wrote that some days he would paint from dawn till dusk without stopping to eat and then not paint for three or four days at a time.
This was beyond the comprehension of the prior of the convent, who hounded him until Leonardo asked Ludovico to intervene.
Vasari describes how Leonardo, troubled over his ability to adequately depict the faces of Christ and the traitor Judas, told the Duke that he might be obliged to use the prior as his model.
When finished, the painting was acclaimed as a masterpiece of design and characterisation, but it deteriorated rapidly, so that within a hundred years it was described by one viewer as "completely ruined".
Leonardo, instead of using the reliable technique of fresco, had used tempera over a ground that was mainly gesso, resulting in a surface which was subject to mold and to flaking.
Despite this, the painting has remained one of the most reproduced works of art, countless copies being made in every medium from carpets to cameos.
Article: Grand Canyon
Section: Activities

Question: How long does is take to complete the Grand Canyon Ultra Marathon?

Aside from casual sightseeing from the South Rim (averaging 7,000 feet [2,100 m] above sea level), rafting, hiking, running and helicopter tours are especially popular.
The Grand Canyon Ultra Marathon is a race over 24 hours.
The floor of the valley is accessible by foot, muleback, or by boat or raft from upriver.
Hiking down to the river and back up to the rim in one day is discouraged by park officials because of the distance, steep and rocky trails, change in elevation, and danger of heat exhaustion from the much higher temperatures at the bottom.
Rescues are required annually of unsuccessful rim-to-river-to-rim travelers.
Nevertheless, hundreds of fit and experienced hikers complete the trip every year.
Camping on the North and South Rims is generally restricted to established campgrounds and reservations are highly recommended, especially at the busier South Rim.
There is at large camping available along many parts of the North Rim managed by Kaibab National Forest.
North Rim campsites are only open seasonally due to road closures from weather and winter snowpack.
All overnight camping below the rim requires a backcountry permit from the Backcountry Office (BCO).
Each year Grand Canyon National Park receives approximately 30,000 requests for backcountry permits.
The park issues 13,000 permits, and close to 40,000 people camp overnight.
The earliest a permit application is accepted is the first of the month, four months before the proposed start month.
Tourists wishing for a more vertical perspective can board helicopters and small airplanes in Las Vegas, Phoenix and Grand Canyon National Park Airport (seven miles from the South Rim) for canyon flyovers.
Scenic flights are no longer allowed to fly within 1500 feet of the rim within the national park because of a late 1990s crash.
The last aerial video footage from below the rim was filmed in 1984.
However, some helicopter flights land on the Havasupai and Hualapai Indian Reservations within Grand Canyon (outside of the park boundaries).
Recently, the Hualapai Tribe opened the glass-bottomed Grand Canyon Skywalk on their property, Grand Canyon West.
The Skywalk has seen mixed reviews since the site is only accessible by driving down a dirt road, costs a minimum of $85 in total for reservation fees, a tour package and admission to the Skywalk itself and the fact that cameras or other personal equipment are not permitted on the Skywalk at any time due to the hazard of damaging the glass if dropped.
The Skywalk is about by road from Grand Canyon Village at the South Rim.
Article: Mexico
Section: Science and technology

Question: Which university is known for a delivering quality education across multiple disciplines?

The National Autonomous University of Mexico was officially established in 1910, and the university become one of the most important institutes of higher learning in Mexico.
UNAM provides world class education in science, medicine, and engineering.
Many scientific institutes and new institutes of higher learning, such as National Polytechnic Institute (founded in 1936), were established during the first half of the 20th century.
Most of the new research institutes were created within UNAM.
Twelve institutes were integrated into UNAM from 1929 to 1973.
In 1959, the Mexican Academy of Sciences was created to coordinate scientific efforts between academics.
In 1995 the Mexican chemist Mario J. Molina shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Paul J. Crutzen and F. Sherwood Rowland for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone.
Molina, an alumnus of UNAM, became the first Mexican citizen to win the Nobel Prize in science.
In recent years, the largest scientific project being developed in Mexico was the construction of the Large Millimeter Telescope (Gran Telescopio Milimétrico, GMT), the world's largest and most sensitive single-aperture telescope in its frequency range.
It was designed to observe regions of space obscured by stellar dust.
Article: Croissant
Section: Variants

Question: What is a pain au chocolat?

Uncooked croissant can also be wrapped around any praline, almond paste or chocolate before it is baked (in the last case, it becomes like "pain au chocolat", which has a different, non-crescent, shape), or sliced to admit sweet or savoury fillings.
Indeed, it may be flavoured with dried fruit such as sultanas or raisins, or other fruits such as apples.
In France and Spain, croissants are generally sold without filling and eaten without added butter, but sometimes with almond filling.
In the United States, sweet fillings or toppings are common, and warm croissants may be filled with ham and cheese or feta cheese and spinach.
In the Levant, croissants are sold plain or filled with chocolate, cheese, almonds, or zaatar.
In Germany, croissants are sometimes filled with Nutella or persipan; in Southern Germany there also is a popular variety of a croissant glazed with lye ("Laugencroissant").
In the German-speaking part of Switzerland, the croissant is typically called a "Gipfeli" [g̥ɪp͡fəli], which typically has a crisper crust and is less buttery than the French style croissant.
Article: The Dark Knight Rises
Section: Music

Question: Who wrote the score for "The Dark Knight Rises"?

In an interview in October 2010, composer Hans Zimmer confirmed that he would be returning to score "The Dark Knight Rises."
James Newton Howard was offered to return and write the score with Zimmer as he did for "Batman Begins" and "The Dark Knight", but he chose not to because he noted that the chemistry established between Zimmer and Nolan during the making of "Inception" would make him seem like a "third wheel".
Zimmer included several cues from the earlier scores, but explains that he wanted to go in a "completely different direction" for Bane's theme.
While the theme accompanying Selina Kyle is deliberately ambiguous, the musical thread spanning throughout the trilogy was composed exclusively for Bruce Wayne.
The film features a prevalent Moroccan chant of the phrase "deshi basara" (proper transliteration: "teeji basra") (Arabic: تيجي بسرعة), which translates to "rise up" (literally: "come quickly").
In November 2011, Zimmer crowdsourced online audio recordings of the chant to be used in the film's score.
When asked about the chant for clarification, Zimmer said, "The chant became a very complicated thing because I wanted hundreds of thousands of voices, and it's not so easy to get hundreds of thousands of voices.
So, we Twittered and we posted on the internet, for people who wanted to be part of it.
It seemed like an interesting thing.
We've created this world, over these last two movies, and somehow I think the audience and the fans have been part of this world.
We do keep them in mind."
Article: South Korea
Section: Education

Question: How much do digital textbooks cost Korean schoolchildren?

Education in South Korea is regarded as crucial to financial and social success, and competition is consequently fierce, with many participating in intense outside tutoring to supplement classes.
In the 2006 results of the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment, South Korea came first in problem solving, third in mathematics and seventh in science.
South Korea's education system is technologically advanced and it is the world's first country to bring high-speed fibre-optic broadband internet access to every primary and secondary school nation-wide.
Using this infrastructure, the country has developed the first Digital Textbooks in the world, which will be distributed for free to every primary and secondary school nation-wide by 2013.
A centralised administration in South Korea oversees the process for the education of children from kindergarten to the third and final year of high school.
South Korea has adopted a new educational program to increase the number of their foreign students through 2010.
According to Ministry of Education, Science and Technology estimate, by that time, the number of scholarships for foreign students in South Korea will be doubled, and the number of foreign students will reach 100,000.
The school year is divided into two semesters, the first of which begins in the beginning of March and ends in mid-July, the second of which begins in late August and ends in mid-February.
The schedules are not uniformly standardized and vary from school to school.
Most South Korean middle schools and high schools have school uniforms, modeled on western-style uniforms.
Boys' uniforms usually consists of trousers and white shirts, and girls wear skirts and white shirts (this only applies in middle schools and high schools).
Article: SeaWorld
Section: History

Question: What year did Sea World open?

SeaWorld was opened in 1964 by Milton C. Shedd, Ken Norris, David Demott, and George Millay.
The four graduates of UCLA originally set out to build an underwater restaurant and marine life show.
When the underwater restaurant concept was deemed unfeasible, they scrapped those plans and decided to build a park instead, and SeaWorld San Diego was opened on March 21, 1964.
With only a few dolphins, sea lions, 6 attractions and , the park proved to be a success and more than 400,000 guests visited in the first 12 months.
After considering other locations in the midwest, including the Lake Milton/Newton Falls area west of Youngstown, Ohio, it was decided that Aurora, Ohio would be the new home of a SeaWorld.
The Aurora site was approximately northwest of the Lake Milton site, and southeast of Cleveland.
By this time the founders of the company had captured a few more species of animals, including a killer whale that was brought to the new facility.
The harsh winter climate permitted the park to be open only from mid-May until mid-September.
The Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, Florida opened near the end of the second operating season of SeaWorld of Ohio.
The success of Disney in Orlando provided a location that was already popular with tourists.
SeaWorld Orlando opened in 1973.
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. (HBJ) purchased the company in 1976 and 12 years later they began a venture in Texas.
In 1988, SeaWorld San Antonio opened just a few miles outside of San Antonio.
Growth has pushed the city outwards, and now SeaWorld San Antonio lies in the Westover Hills community in West San Antonio.
The park was open year-round like its sister parks in California and Florida in 1988 and 1989, then went to a seasonal schedule.
The stress and financial resources it took to build and maintain a state-of-the-art marine mammal facility in the late '80s eventually took its toll on the company.
HBJ, whose primary focus was producing school books, needed to reduce its assets in order to avoid a bankruptcy.
The Anheuser-Busch Company made an offer to purchase the SeaWorld parks.
However, HBJ also owned and operated two other parks, Cypress Gardens and Boardwalk and Baseball, and out of fear of not being able to find a buyer for the two other parks, HBJ refused to sell the parks individually.
Despite a long negotiation, Anheuser-Busch bought all six parks in 1989: SeaWorld in San Diego, Aurora, Orlando and San Antonio as well as Cypress Gardens in Winter Haven and Boardwalk and Baseball in Haines City.
Soon after the sale was final, Busch sold Cypress Gardens to the park's management and closed Boardwalk and Baseball.
Anheuser-Busch put millions of dollars back into the parks to revive and to prolong their longevity.