community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Part of Me (Katy Perry song)
Section: Abstract

Question: What year did a demo of the song leak?

Part of Me (Katy Perry song)"Part of Me" is a song by American recording artist Katy Perry, released as the lead single from "", the March 2012 re-release of her August 2010 album, "Teenage Dream".
It was written by Perry and Bonnie McKee, with production and additional writing by Dr. Luke, Max Martin, and Cirkut.
The song was not included on the original edition of "Teenage Dream" because Perry felt that it did not fit the composition of the album.
A demo of the song leaked online in late 2010, amid speculation that the lyrics were directed to the singer's ex-boyfriend Travie McCoy.
"Part of Me" was re-worked and officially released on February 13, 2012, through Capitol Records with artwork by art director Gavin Taylor and photography by Mary Ellen Matthews.
The production draws inspiration from several genres, including house music, dance-pop, and power pop; reviewers compared it to Jessie J's 2011 single "Domino", and Perry's 2010 singles "Firework" and "California Gurls".
Its lyrics describe a female protagonist who declares herself as un-breakable and strong following a break-up.
Contemporary music critics praised the song's production and gave it mixed-to-positive reviews, although some criticized Perry's vocals.
Many theorized that the lyrics addressed Perry's divorce from Russell Brand, although Perry stated it was not about him since it was written in early 2010.
"Part of Me" was a commercial success.
It was the twentieth song to debut at number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100, Perry's seventh number-one single on the chart, and her ninth consecutive number-one single on the "Billboard " Hot Dance Club Songs chart.
The single debuted at number one in the United Kingdom and Canada, and has been certified Platinum in the United States, Australia and New Zealand.
Marketing campaigns for Adidas and "" have featured it.
An accompanying music video was filmed at the United States Marine Corps' Camp Pendleton in Oceanside, California.
The video depicts Perry enlisting in the Marines following a heartbreak.
It garnered generally positive reviews for Perry's "Girl Power" message, but drew criticism from feminist author Naomi Wolf, who denounced it as military propaganda.
Perry debuted the first televised performance of song on at the 54th Grammy Awards, and has also performed the song at the ECHO Awards, the 2012 Kids' Choice Awards, and "American Idol".
Article: Life Is Beautiful
Section: Abstract

Question: Who plays Guido Orefice in "Life Is Beautiful"?

Life Is Beautiful () is a 1997 Italian comedy-drama film directed by and starring Roberto Benigni.
Benigni plays Guido Orefice, a Jewish Italian book shop owner, who must employ his fertile imagination to shield his son from the horrors of internment in a Nazi concentration camp.
Part of the film came from Benigni's own family history; before Roberto's birth, his father had survived three years of internment at the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
The film was a critical and financial success, winning Benigni the Academy Award for Best Actor at the 71st Academy Awards as well as the Academy Award for Best Original Dramatic Score and the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
Article: Gangnam Style
Section: Song

Question: Did it rank of Rolling Stones' 50 best songs of 2012?

Year-end media picks.
"Gangnam Style" was ranked No.
25 on the "Rolling Stone"s 50 best songs of 2012 list and No.
8 on "SPIN"s 40 best songs of the year.
The song also took the No.
8 spot on the 2012 "Billboard" 20 best K-Pop songs list by Jeff Benjamin and Jessica Oak, who commented "song stands out not only for its slick, electronic production but also for its deeper critique on high-class society."
According to MTV's list of the 2012 best songs, the song was ranked No.
8 with MTV news staff James Montgomery's comment: "'Gangnam' is either the track we, as a culture needed right now, or the track we, as a culture, deserved".
"TIME" magazine chose it as the second best song of 2012 after Usher's "Climax", writing "The YouTube meme, a good-natured, mind-bendingly catchy lampoon [...] turned into a global obsession".
The song was one of the best songs of the year on "The New York Times" pop critics' list and "E!
Online"s No.
1 pick on the top 10 pop songs of 2012 list.
Digital Spy ranked the song No.
20 among the 20 best singles of the year.
It was voted the 12th best single of 2012 by "The Village Voice"s 40th annual Pazz & Jop critics' poll.
Music critic Robert Christgau placed "Gangnam Style" as the No.
2 single on his 2012 Dean's List.
Article: Grand Canyon
Section: Activities

Question: How long is the Grand Canyon Ultra Marathon?

Aside from casual sightseeing from the South Rim (averaging 7,000 feet [2,100 m] above sea level), rafting, hiking, running and helicopter tours are especially popular.
The Grand Canyon Ultra Marathon is a race over 24 hours.
The floor of the valley is accessible by foot, muleback, or by boat or raft from upriver.
Hiking down to the river and back up to the rim in one day is discouraged by park officials because of the distance, steep and rocky trails, change in elevation, and danger of heat exhaustion from the much higher temperatures at the bottom.
Rescues are required annually of unsuccessful rim-to-river-to-rim travelers.
Nevertheless, hundreds of fit and experienced hikers complete the trip every year.
Camping on the North and South Rims is generally restricted to established campgrounds and reservations are highly recommended, especially at the busier South Rim.
There is at large camping available along many parts of the North Rim managed by Kaibab National Forest.
North Rim campsites are only open seasonally due to road closures from weather and winter snowpack.
All overnight camping below the rim requires a backcountry permit from the Backcountry Office (BCO).
Each year Grand Canyon National Park receives approximately 30,000 requests for backcountry permits.
The park issues 13,000 permits, and close to 40,000 people camp overnight.
The earliest a permit application is accepted is the first of the month, four months before the proposed start month.
Tourists wishing for a more vertical perspective can board helicopters and small airplanes in Las Vegas, Phoenix and Grand Canyon National Park Airport (seven miles from the South Rim) for canyon flyovers.
Scenic flights are no longer allowed to fly within 1500 feet of the rim within the national park because of a late 1990s crash.
The last aerial video footage from below the rim was filmed in 1984.
However, some helicopter flights land on the Havasupai and Hualapai Indian Reservations within Grand Canyon (outside of the park boundaries).
Recently, the Hualapai Tribe opened the glass-bottomed Grand Canyon Skywalk on their property, Grand Canyon West.
The Skywalk has seen mixed reviews since the site is only accessible by driving down a dirt road, costs a minimum of $85 in total for reservation fees, a tour package and admission to the Skywalk itself and the fact that cameras or other personal equipment are not permitted on the Skywalk at any time due to the hazard of damaging the glass if dropped.
The Skywalk is about by road from Grand Canyon Village at the South Rim.
Article: Tug of war
Section: As a sport

Question: In May 1979 what was the greatest feat in Battle history?

There are tug of war clubs in many countries, and both men and women participate.
The sport was part of the Olympic Games from 1900 until 1920, but has not been included since.
The sport is contested in the World Games.
The Tug of War International Federation (TWIF), organises World Championships for nation teams biannually, for both indoor and outdoor contests, and a similar competition for club teams.
In England the sport is catered for by the Tug of War Association (formed in 1958), and the Tug of War Federation of Great Britain (formed in 1984).
In Scotland, the Scottish Tug of War Association was formed in 1980.
The sport also features in Highland Games there.
Between 1976 and 1988 Tug of War was a regular event during the television series Battle of The Networks Stars.
Teams of celebrities representing each major network competed in different sporting events culminating into the final event, the Tug of War.
Lou Ferrigno's epic tug-o'-war performance in May 1979 is considered the greatest feat in 'Battle' history.
Article: Dora Maar au Chat
Section: History

Question: What is the width of the Dora Maar au Chat canvas?

The canvas (50 ½ by 37 ½ inches / 128.3 cm by 95.3 cm) was one of many portraits of Dora Maar painted by Pablo Picasso over their nearly decade-long relationship.
Picasso fell in love with the 29-year old Maar at the age of 55 and soon began living with her.
This painting was done during the year 1941, when the Nazis were occupying France.
In the 1940s, the painting was obtained by Chicago collectors Leigh and Mary Block.
They sold the painting in 1963 After that, the painting was never shown until the 21st century.
During 2005 and 2006, "Dora Maar au Chat", then owned by the Gidwitz family of Chicago, was shown worldwide as part of Sotheby's exhibitions in London, Hong Kong and New York.
It came up for sale in an auction of Impressionist/Modern works held at Sotheby's on May 3, 2006 in New York and making it the second-highest price ever paid for a painting at auction.
An anonymous Russian bidder present at the New York auction won the work with a final bid of US$95,216,000, well exceeding the pre-auction US$50 million estimates.
The identity of the bidder, who spent more than US$100 million in total, and purchased an 1883 Monet seascape and a 1978 Chagall in addition to the Picasso, was a topic of much speculation.
Apparently a novice bidder, though possibly acting as an agent for a more well-known collector, the anonymous buyer may have been unknown at the start of the auction even to Sotheby's officials.
As of mid-2007, the ownership of the "Dora Maar au Chat" is still unknown to the general public, although rumors have focused on the Georgian mining magnate and current Prime Minister of Georgia Bidzina (Boris) Ivanishvili, who sold his Moscow bank a week before the auction for $550 m.
Article: Finland
Section: Cabinet

Question: Who is the prime minister at this current time.

After parliamentary elections, the parties negotiate among themselves on forming a new cabinet (the Finnish Government), which then has to be approved by a simple majority vote in the parliament.
The cabinet can be dismissed by a parliamentary vote of no confidence, although this rarely happens (the last time in 1957), as the parties represented in the cabinet usually make up a majority in the parliament.
The cabinet exercises most executive powers, and originates most of the bills that the parliament then debates and votes on.
It is headed by the Prime Minister of Finland, and consists of him or her, of other ministers, and of the Chancellor of Justice.
The current prime minister is Jyrki Katainen (National Coalition Party).
Each minister heads his or her ministry, or, in some cases, has responsibility for a subset of a ministry's policy.
After the prime minister, the most powerful minister is the minister of finance.
As no one party ever dominates the parliament, Finnish cabinets are multi-party coalitions.
As a rule, the post of prime minister goes to the leader of the biggest party and that of the minister of finance to the leader of the second biggest.
Article: Boston Tea Party
Section: Legacy

Question: In which year did the Tea Party celebrate it's 200th anniversary?

John Adams and many other Americans considered tea drinking to be unpatriotic following the Boston Tea Party.
Tea drinking declined during and after the Revolution, resulting in a lasting American preference for coffee.
According to historian Alfred Young, the term "Boston Tea Party" did not appear in print until 1834.
Before that time, the event was usually referred to as the "destruction of the tea".
According to Young, American writers were for many years apparently reluctant to celebrate the destruction of property, and so the event was usually ignored in histories of the American Revolution.
This began to change in the 1830s, however, especially with the publication of biographies of George Robert Twelves Hewes, one of the few still-living participants of the "tea party", as it then became known.
The Boston Tea Party Museum is located on the Congress Street Bridge in Boston.
It features reenactments, a documentary, and a number of interactive exhibits.
The museum features two authentically restored ships, the Eleanor and the Beaver.
Additionally, the museum possesses one of two known tea chests from the original event, part of its permanent collection.
The issue was never the tax but how the tax was passed without American input; United States Congress taxed tea from 1789 to 1872.
The Boston Tea Party has often been referenced in other political protests.
When Mohandas K. Gandhi led a mass burning of Indian registration cards in South Africa in 1908, a British newspaper compared the event to the Boston Tea Party.
When Gandhi met with the British viceroy in 1930 after the Indian salt protest campaign, Gandhi took some duty-free salt from his shawl and said, with a smile, that the salt was "to remind us of the famous Boston Tea Party.
"American activists from a variety of political viewpoints have invoked the Tea Party as a symbol of protest.
In 1973, on the 200th anniversary of the Tea Party, a mass meeting at Faneuil Hall called for the impeachment of President Richard Nixon and protested oil companies in the ongoing oil crisis.
Afterwards, protesters boarded a replica ship in Boston Harbor, hanged Nixon in effigy, and dumped several empty oil drums into the harbor.
In 1998, two conservative US Congressmen put the federal tax code into a chest marked "tea" and dumped it into the harbor.
In 2006, a libertarian political party called the "Boston Tea Party" was founded.
In 2007, the Ron Paul "Tea Party" money bomb, held on the 234th anniversary of the Boston Tea Party, broke the one-day fund-raising record by raising $6.04 million in 24 hours.
Subsequently, these fund-raising "Tea parties" grew into the Tea Party movement, which dominated politics for the next two years, culminating in a voter victory for the Republicans in 2010 who were widely elected to seats in the United States House of Representatives.
Article: Dora Maar au Chat
Section: Abstract

Question: When was Dora Maar au Char created?

Dora Maar au Chat ("Dora Maar with Cat") is a 1941 painting by Pablo Picasso.
It depicts Dora Maar, the painter's lover, seated on a chair with a small cat perched on her shoulders.
This work is one of the world's most expensive paintings.
Article: Balkan Wars
Section: Reaction in the Balkan States

Question: The king revised the constitution because of the persuasion of who?

Serbia was frustrated in the north by Austria-Hungary's incorporation of Bosnia.
In March 1909, Serbia was forced to accept the annexation and restrain anti-Habsburg agitation by Serbian nationalists.
Instead, the Serbian government looked to formerly Serb territories in the south, notably "Old Serbia" (the Sanjak of Novi Pazar and the province of Kosovo).
On 15 August 1909 the Military League, a group of Greek officers, took action against the government to reform their country's national government and reorganize the army.
The League found itself unable to create a new political system, until the league summoned the Cretan politician Eleutherios Venizelos to Athens as its political adviser.
Venizelos persuaded the king to revise the constitution and asked the League to disband in favor of a National Assembly.
In March 1910 the Military League dissolved itself.
Bulgaria, which had secured Ottoman recognition of her independence in April 1909 and enjoyed the friendship of Russia, also looked to districts of Ottoman Thrace and Macedonia.
In August 1910 Montenegro followed Bulgaria's precedent by becoming a kingdom.
Article: How to Save a Life
Section: Track listing

Question: How many extra tracks are included on the Bonus CD of How to Save a Life?

In later editions, an extra track was added:
<li value=13>"Unsaid" – 3:05
Bonus CD:
<li value=14>"Over My Head (Cable Car)" (Live at the Gothic (05.20.2005))
"How to Save a Life" (Live for MTV.com & VH1.com (07.14.2005))
"Look After You" (Live at Red Rocks (08.12.2005))
"Heaven Forbid" (Live at Red Rocks (08.12.2005))
Bonus DVD:
How to Save a Life (The Story)
On The Road 2006 (Documentary)
"Over My Head (Cable Car)" (Music Video)
"Over My Head (Cable Car)" (Making the video)
Article: Gangnam Style
Section: Music industry

Question: How much did Psy earn from Gangnam Style?

Record executives in the music industry believe that music charts will increasingly be filled with YouTube-driven globalised acts from foreign countries.
Sean Carey, a research fellow in the School of Social Sciences at the University of Roehampton, wrote that the flow of popular music will no longer be a single traffic route from North America and Europe to other parts of the globe, but will also move the other way as well.
According to Adam Sherwin from "The Independent", the global web demand for Gangnam Style had short-circuited the "traditional reluctance" of radio stations to play foreign-language songs.
The song is also underlining a shift in how money is being made in the music business.
Although Psy earned more than US$60,000 from music sales of "Gangnam Style" in South Korea alone, he and his music label YG Entertainment have raked in almost US$1 million from advertisements which appear on YouTube videos identified for using "Gangnam Style" in its content.
The "Harvard Business Review" published an article written by Kevin Evers, who explained how "Gangnam Style" had changed Billboard's ranking methodology of its music charts.
Instead of relying solely on radio plays and paid purchases, Billboard started to place a heavier emphasis on digital sales and YouTube views.
As a result of the change, Gangnam Style moved up to the top position of Billboard's Hot Rap Songs music chart.
According to the British Phonographic Industry's report based on Official Charts Company sales data, thanks to Psy's song and Carly Rae Jepsen’s "Call Me Maybe," pop became the UK’s favourite musical genre of the year, taking the lion’s share of the singles market (38.5%) in 2012.
Article: I Want to Hold Your Hand
Section: Personnel

Question: Who played drums on the Beatles "I Want to Hold Your Hand'?

John Lennon – vocal, rhythm guitar, handclaps
Paul McCartney – vocal, bass guitar, handclaps
George Harrison – lead guitar, handclaps
Ringo Starr – drums, handclaps
Personnel per Ian MacDonald
Article: Disneyland
Section: Tickets

Question: What year did Disneyland open?

From Disneyland's opening day until 1982, the price of the attractions was in addition to the price of park admission.
Guests paid a small admission fee to get into the park, but admission to most of the rides and attractions required guests to purchase tickets, either individually or in a book, that consisted of several coupons, initially labeled "A" through "C".
"A" coupons allowed admission to the smaller rides and attractions such as the vehicles on Main Street, whereas "C" coupons were used for the most common attractions like the Peter Pan ride, or the Tea Cups.
As more thrilling rides were introduced, such as the Monorail or the Matterhorn bobsled, "D" and then eventually "E" coupons were introduced.
Coupons could be combined to equal the equivalent of another ticket (e.g.
two "A" tickets equal one "B" ticket).
From the thrill ride experience at Disneyland, the colloquial expression "an E ticket ride" is used to describe any exceptionally thrilling experience.
Disneyland later featured a "Keys to the Kingdom" booklet of tickets, which consisted of 10 unvalued coupons sold for a single flat rate.
These coupons could be used for any attraction regardless of its regular value.
In 1982, Disney dropped the idea for individual ride tickets to a single admission price with unlimited access to all attractions, "except shooting galleries".
While this idea was not original to Disney, its business advantages were obvious: in addition to guaranteeing that everyone paid a large sum even if they stayed for only a few hours and rode only a few rides, the park no longer had to print tickets or ticket books, staff ticket booths, or provide staff to collect tickets or monitor attractions for people sneaking on without tickets.
Later, Disney introduced other entry options such as multi-day passes, Annual Passes (which allow unlimited entry to the Park for an annual fee), and Southern California residents' discounts.
Article: Canada
Section: Abstract

Question: On what date did three British colonies joined to form the federal dominion of Canada?

Canada is a country in North America consisting of 10 provinces and 3 territories.
Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean.
At 9.98 million square kilometres in total, Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the world's longest land border shared by the same two countries.
The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples.
Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonies were established on the region's Atlantic coast.
As a consequence of various conflicts, the United Kingdom gained and lost North American territories until left in the late 18th century with what mostly comprises Canada today.
On July 1, 1867, three British colonies joined to form the federal dominion of Canada.
Other colonies subsequently joined and the remainder of Britain's lands were transferred to Canada.
Canada is a federal parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state.
Canada is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
The country is officially bilingual at the federal level.
It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries, with a population of approximately 35 million as of December 2012.
Its advanced economy is one of the largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed trade networks.
Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture.
Canada is a developed country and one of the wealthiest in the world, with the eighth highest per capita income globally, and the eleventh highest ranking in the Human Development Index.
It ranks among the highest in international measurements of education, government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, and economic freedom.
Canada's participation in economic international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings includes the G8 (Group of Eight), the Group of Ten (economic), the Group of Twenty (G-20 major economies), the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.
Canada's alliances include the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
Article: Physiology
Section: Animal physiology

Question: Who wrote "Principles of Animal Physiology"?

 Hill, R.W., Wyse, G.A., Anderson, M. "Animal Physiology", 3rd ed.
Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, 2012.
 Moyes, C.D., Schulte, P.M. "Principles of Animal Physiology", second edition.
Pearson/Benjamin Cummings.
Boston, MA, 2008.
 Randall, D., Burggren, W., and French, K. "Eckert Animal Physiology: Mechanism and Adaptation", 5th Edition.
W.H.
Freeman and Company, 2002.
 Schmidt-Nielsen, K. "Animal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment".
Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
 Withers, P.C.
"Comparative animal physiology".
Saunders College Publishing, New York, 1992.