community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Hey Jude
Section: Single release

Question: Who wrote Macarthur Park?

"Hey Jude" was released on 26 August 1968 in the United States and 30 August in the United Kingdom, backed with "Revolution" on the B-side of a 7" single.
The single was the debut release of the Beatles' record label Apple Records; in the US, it was also the first Beatles' single to be issued in a company sleeve rather than a picture sleeve.
Even though "Hey Jude" was recorded during the sessions for the album "The Beatles", also known as the White Album, it was always intended as a single and not an album track, although it would eventually make its LP debut two years later as the title cut on the compilation album originally titled "The Beatles Again".
Lennon wanted "Revolution" to be the A-side of the single, but the other Beatles did not agree.
In his 1970 interview with "Rolling Stone", he said "Hey Jude" was worthy of an A-side, "but we could have had both."
Ten years later in 1980, he told "Playboy" he still disagreed with the decision.
"Hey Jude" began its sixteen-week run on the British charts on 7 September 1968, claiming the top spot a week later.
It only lasted two weeks on top before being knocked off by another single from Apple, Mary Hopkin's "Those Were the Days" (a song which, incidentally, if not penned was actually produced by McCartney).
The single was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on 13 September; that same week "NME" reported that two million copies of the single had been sold.
The song entered the US charts on 14 September 1968, where it stayed for nineteen weeks.
Two weeks later, "Hey Jude" was number one in the charts and held that position for nine weeks, the longest time spent by a Beatles' single at number one, as well as being the longest-playing single to reach number one.
The song was the 16th number one hit for the band in the US, tying Elvis Presley's record at the time for most number one songs there.
"Hey Jude" clocked in at 7:11.
The only other chart-topping song worldwide in the 1960s that ran over seven minutes was Richard Harris' "MacArthur Park".
In the UK, where "MacArthur Park" did not top the chart, "Hey Jude" remained the longest number-one hit for nearly a quarter of a century, until it was surpassed in 1993 by Meat Loaf's "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)", which ran 7:58 as a single.
On 30 November 1968, "NME" reported that sales had reached nearly six million copies worldwide.
"Hey Jude" became the biggest-selling debut release for a record label ever, selling an estimated eight million copies worldwide and topping the charts in eleven countries.
"Hey Jude" was the top Billboard Hot 100 single for 1968, according to year-end charts.
Less than three weeks after its release, the record was certified gold for sales of one million copies.
In 1999, it was certified 4x platinum, representing four million units shipped.
Article: Free Bird
Section: Cover versions

Question: What top 100 billboard song was sung by Will to Power  in 1988?

The American dance-pop group Will to Power created a medley of this song and the 1976 Peter Frampton song "Baby, I Love Your Way" in 1988.
Titled "Baby, I Love Your Way/Freebird Medley", it spent one week at No.
1 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart.
It was also covered by Wynonna Judd on the 1994 tribute album "Skynyrd Frynds".
The song was also covered by Bronx Casket Co. on their 2005 album "Hellectric" in Goth style.
American Jam band Phish often performs an A cappella version of the song live.
Article: Every Breath You Take
Section: Origins and songwriting

Question: What was the song "Every Breath You Take" influenced by?

The lyrics are the words of a sinister, controlling character, who is watching "every breath you take; every move you make".
Sting later said he was disconcerted by how many people think the song is more positive than it is.
He insists it's about the obsession with a lost lover, and the jealousy and surveillance that follow.
"One couple told me 'Oh we love that song; it was the main song played at our wedding!'
I thought, 'Well, good luck.'"
When asked why he appears angry in the music video Sting told BBC Radio 2, "I think the song is very, very sinister and ugly and people have actually misinterpreted it as being a gentle little love song, when it's quite the opposite.
"According to the "Back to Mono" box-set book, "Every Breath You Take" is influenced by a Gene Pitney song titled "Every Breath I Take".
The song's structure is a variation on the Classical rondo form with its AABACABA structure, a form rarely found in modern popular music.
The demo of the song was recorded in an eight track suite in North London's Utopia studios and featured Sting singing over a Hammond organ.
While recording, Summers came up with a guitar part inspired by Béla Bartók that would later become a trademark lick, and played it straight through in one take.
He was asked to put guitar onto a simple backing track of bass, drums, and a single vocal, with Sting offering no directive beyond "make it your own.
"The recording process was fraught with difficulties as personal tensions between the band members, particularly Sting and Stewart Copeland, came to the fore.
Producer Hugh Padgham claimed that by the time of the recording sessions, Sting and Copeland "hated each other", with verbal and physical fights in the studio common.
The tensions almost led to the recording sessions being cancelled until a meeting involving the band and the group's manager, Miles Copeland (Stewart's brother), resulted in an agreement to continue.
The drum track was largely created through separate overdubs of each percussive instrument, with the main backbeat created by simultaneously playing a snare and a gong drum.
Keyboard parts were added from Roland guitar synthesisers, a Prophet-5 and an Oberheim synthesiser.
The single-note piano in the middle eight was recommended by Padgham, inspired by similar work that he had done with the group XTC.
Article: The Mindy Project
Section: Main

Question: Who plays the optimistic receptionist on The Mindy Project?

 Mindy Kaling as Dr. Mindy Lahiri, a romantically frustrated OB/GYN at Shulman & Associates.
 Chris Messina as Dr. Danny Castellano, another OB/GYN at the same office; Mindy's main frenemy; both doctors ignore the obvious romantic chemistry between them and settle for lesser choices in the interim.
 Ed Weeks as Dr. Jeremy Reed, Mindy and Danny's somewhat hapless supervisor at the office.
 Zoe Jarman as Betsy Putch, the optimistic receptionist at the office.
 Ike Barinholtz as Morgan Tookers (Episodes 13, 15-onwards; recurring 2–12 and 14), a registered nurse at the office.
 Beth Grant as Beverley Janoszewski (Episodes 15-onwards; guest episode 2), former nurse turned receptionist at the office.
 Xosha Roquemore as Tamra (season 2-onwards, recurring episodes 22-24), a sassy nurse at the office.
 Adam Pally as Dr. Peter Prentice (season 2-onwards; guest season 2, episodes 3-4), a new gynecologist at the office.
 Anna Camp as Gwen Grandy (Main cast episodes 1–12; guest episode 17), Mindy's long-time friend who has settled down with a family.
Amanda Setton as Shauna Dicanio (Episodes 1–12), was a receptionist at the office.
Stephen Tobolowsky as Dr. Marc Shulman (Episodes 1–8), the former senior partner of the practice.
Article: Gravitational wave
Section: Astrophysics and gravitational waves

Question: Which techniques were use to originally make astronomical observations?

During the past century, astronomy has been revolutionized by the use of new methods for observing the universe.
Astronomical observations were originally made using visible light.
Galileo Galilei pioneered the use of telescopes to enhance these observations.
However, visible light is only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, and not all objects in the distant universe shine strongly in this particular band.
More useful information may be found, for example, in radio wavelengths.
Using radio telescopes, astronomers have found pulsars, quasars, and other extreme objects that push the limits of our understanding of physics.
Observations in the microwave band have opened our eyes to the faint imprints of the Big Bang, a discovery Stephen Hawking called the "greatest discovery of the century, if not all time".
Similar advances in observations using gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet light, and infrared light have also brought new insights to astronomy.
As each of these regions of the spectrum has opened, new discoveries have been made that could not have been made otherwise.
Astronomers hope that the same holds true of gravitational waves.
Gravitational waves have two important and unique properties.
First, there is no need for any type of matter to be present nearby in order for the waves to be generated by a binary system of uncharged black holes, which would emit no electromagnetic radiation.
Second, gravitational waves can pass through any intervening matter without being scattered significantly.
Whereas light from distant stars may be blocked out by interstellar dust, for example, gravitational waves will pass through essentially unimpeded.
These two features allow gravitational waves to carry information about astronomical phenomena never before observed by humans.
The sources of gravitational waves described above are in the low-frequency end of the gravitational-wave spectrum (10−7 to 105 Hz).
An astrophysical source at the high-frequency end of the gravitational-wave spectrum (above 105 Hz and probably 1010 Hz) generates relic gravitational waves that are theorized to be faint imprints of the Big Bang like the cosmic microwave background (see gravitational wave background).
At these high frequencies it is potentially possible that the sources may be "man made" that is, gravitational waves generated and detected in the laboratory.
Article: Stem cell
Section: Fetal

Question: Where do extraembryonic fetal stem cells come from?

The primitive stem cells located in the organs of fetuses are referred to as fetal stem cells.
There are two types of fetal stem cells:
 Fetal proper stem cells come from the tissue of the fetus proper, and are generally obtained after an abortion.
These stem cells are not immortal but have a high level of division and are multipotent.
 Extraembryonic fetal stem cells come from extraembryonic membranes, and are generally not distinguished from adult stem cells.
These stem cells are acquired after birth, they are not immortal but have a high level of cell division, and are pluripotent.
Article: Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)
Section: Critical response

Question: How did critics respond to Stronger?

"Stronger" received critical acclaim from contemporary critics, with many complimenting its sound and Clarkson's vocal performance.
Scott Shetler of "PopCrush" gave the song four stars out of five, lauding its strong hook and empowering message.
He ended his review by describing the song as "vintage Kelly Clarkson."
Jenna Hally Rubenstein of "MTV Buzzworthy" compared it to "Since U Been Gone," which has "a super radio-friendly hook."
Elizabeth Lancaster of MTV Newsroom listed it as one of five key tracks in "Stronger," writing "Upbeat yet soulful, the chorus will drag you up and onto the floor to dance the heartache away alongside her."
Grady Smith of "Entertainment Weekly" thought that the song's "belty pop/rock wheelhouse" should please fans of the sound.
He later added that "Clarkson might have been better off releasing "What Doesn’t Kill You" as the first track from "Stronger.""
Another positive reception came from Glenn Gamboa of "Newsday", who praised Clarkson for "infusing her tales of empowerment after a breakup with her unique combo of vulnerability and sass."
Jonathan Keefe of "Slant" thought that the song is "tailor-made for radio play" and that "the chilly electro-pop that Greg Kurstin brings to the verses, suggests a top forty version of Robyn's "Call Your Girlfriend" (2010).
On March 5, 2013 "Billboard" ranked the song number 2 in its list of "Top 100 American Idol Hits of All Time".
In March 2013, the song became the runner-up in an online poll "March Madness" voted by people, losing to "Scream & Shout".
Chris Willman of Reuters criticized the lyrics, commenting that "Never mind how tired that tune's titular phrase is.
For a laugh, look up the YouTube video in which some wag mashed together a medley of 30 different songs that already borrowed "That which does not kill me makes me stronger" as a lyrical hook."
Kevin Ritchie from Now Magazine emphasized that the lyrics are "about as clichéd as a mission statement can get, but it also makes for a solid pop song."
Robert Copsey of "Digital Spy" gave the song four stars out of five, writing "The message behind her song may already be a well-worn, almost cliched lesson, but as she continues to prove, there's little shame in coming out with the expected."
Article: Enough Said (film)
Section: Cast

Question: What role did Toby Huss play in the film Enough Said?

 Julia Louis-Dreyfus as Eva
 James Gandolfini as Albert
 Toni Collette as Sarah
 Catherine Keener as Marianne
 Ben Falcone as Will
 Toby Huss as Peter
 Anjelah Johnson as Cathy
 Michaela Watkins as Hilary
 Eve Hewson as Tess
 Amy Landecker as Debbie
 Christopher Nicholas Smith as Hal
 Tracey Fairaway as Ellen
 Phillip Brock as Jason
 Tavi Gevinson as Chloe
Article: Ski jumping
Section: Ski flying

Question: Where was the first ski flying hill built?

Ski Flying is an extension of ski jumping.
The events take place on hills with a K-point of at least .
The first ski flying hill was built in Planica in Slovenia.
In 1936, the FIS started to regulate the construction of the jumping hills and issued international standards for their construction and maintenance.
Back then, it was forbidden to build a ski jumping hill which made it possible to make jumps longer than 80 meters.
Nevertheless the first-ever ski flying hill was built in Planica, Slovenia.
It took several more years before competitions on this hill were approved by FIS.
The "father" of ski flying is Janez Gorišek, an engineer, sportsman and enthusiastic sport-promoter who designed the Planica ski-jump.
There are five ski flying hills in the world today: Vikersundbakken in Vikersund, Norway; Oberstdorf, Germany; Kulm Austria; Letalnica, Planica, Slovenia; and Harrachov, Czech Republic.
A sixth hill, Copper Peak in the western Upper Peninsula of Michigan, is currently disused, although there are plans to rebuild it to FIS standards.
There are plans for more ski flying hills, even for an indoor ski flying hill in Ylitornio, Finland.
The biggest hill is Vikersundbakken in Vikersund.
Jumps of more than have occurred at all ski flying hills.
The current World Record is , set by Norwegian Johan Remen Evensen at Vikersund in 2011.
The "Fédération Internationale de Ski" (FIS) Ski flying World Championships started in 1972 and occur biennially.
The 2010 FIS World Championships in ski flying were organised in Planica, and in 2012 the FIS World Championships took place in Vikersund, Norway.1992, 1994, 1996, 1998 "Ski flying World Championships" individual day event wins in two series also counted as an individual "World Cup" win.
Article: Tug of war
Section: As a sport

Question: How can I find a local tug of war club?

There are tug of war clubs in many countries, and both men and women participate.
The sport was part of the Olympic Games from 1900 until 1920, but has not been included since.
The sport is contested in the World Games.
The Tug of War International Federation (TWIF), organises World Championships for nation teams biannually, for both indoor and outdoor contests, and a similar competition for club teams.
In England the sport is catered for by the Tug of War Association (formed in 1958), and the Tug of War Federation of Great Britain (formed in 1984).
In Scotland, the Scottish Tug of War Association was formed in 1980.
The sport also features in Highland Games there.
Between 1976 and 1988 Tug of War was a regular event during the television series Battle of The Networks Stars.
Teams of celebrities representing each major network competed in different sporting events culminating into the final event, the Tug of War.
Lou Ferrigno's epic tug-o'-war performance in May 1979 is considered the greatest feat in 'Battle' history.
Article: The Dark Knight Rises
Section: Shooting in Aurora, Colorado

Question: Who was the shooting suspect in The Dark Knight?

On July 20, 2012, during a midnight showing of the film at the Century 16 cinema in Aurora, Colorado, a gunman wearing a gas mask opened fire inside the theater, killing 12 people and injuring 58 others.
Police responding to the shooting apprehended a suspect, later identified as 24-year-old James Eagan Holmes, shortly after arriving on the scene.
At the time of his arrest, Holmes allegedly identified himself as the Joker to police.
Warner Bros. stated that it was deeply saddened by the shooting, and announced the cancellation of the Paris, Mexico, and Japan premieres of "The Dark Knight Rises", and suspended the marketing campaign for the film in Finland.
Several broadcast networks also suspended television ads for the film in the United States because of the tragedy.
The trailer for "Gangster Squad", another Warner Bros. movie which was included in the screening of "The Dark Knight Rises", has been removed as it contains a scene which shows gangsters shooting submachine guns at moviegoers through the screen, similar to the shooting in Aurora.
Director Christopher Nolan released a public statement calling the shooting "unbearably savage".
Other stars of the film released statements expressing their condolences, with star Christian Bale paying a personal visit to the survivors and the memorial in Aurora.
Article: Poutine
Section: Etymology

Question: How is poutine related to the English word "pudding"?

The "Dictionnaire historique du français québécois" lists 15 different meanings of "poutine" in Quebec and Acadian French, most of which are for kinds of food; the word "poutine" in the meaning "fries with cheese and gravy" is dated to 1978.
Other definitions of the word have been in use at least since 1810.
While the exact provenance of the word ""poutine"" is uncertain, some of its meanings undoubtedly result at least in part from the influence of the English word "pudding".
Among its various culinary senses, that of "a dessert made from flour or bread crumbs" most clearly shows this influence; the word "pouding", borrowed from the English "pudding", is in fact a synonym in this sense.
The pejorative meaning "fat person" of "poutine" (used especially in speaking of a woman) is believed to derive from the English "pudding" "a person or thing resembling a pudding" or "stout, thick-set person".
In other meanings of "poutine", the existence of a relation to the English word "pudding" is uncertain.
One of these additional meanings — the one from which the name of the dish with fries is thought to derive — is "unappetizing mixture of various foods, usually leftovers."
This sense may also have given rise to the meaning "complicated business, complex organization; set of operations whose management is difficult or problematic.
"The "Dictionnaire historique" mentions the possibility that the form "poutine" is simply a gallicization of the word "pudding".
However, it considers it more likely that it was inherited from regional languages spoken in France, and that some of its meanings resulted from the later influence of the similar-sounding English word "pudding".
It cites the Provençal forms "poutingo" "bad stew" and "poutité" "hodgepodge" or "crushed fruit or foods"; "poutringo" "mixture of various things" in Languedocien; and "poutringue", "potringa" "bad stew" in Franche-Comté as possibly related to "poutine".
The meaning "fries with cheese and gravy" of "poutine" is among those held as probably unrelated to "pudding" provided the latter view is correct.
Article: Yosemite National Park
Section: U.S. National Park Service

Question: When was the founding of the Yosemite Museum

The National Park Service was formed in 1916, and Yosemite was transferred to that agency's jurisdiction.
Tuolumne Meadows Lodge, Tioga Pass Road, and campgrounds at Tenaya and Merced lakes were also completed in 1916.
Automobiles started to enter the park in ever-increasing numbers following the construction of all-weather highways to the park.
The Yosemite Museum was founded in 1926 through the efforts of Ansel Franklin Hall.
In 1903, a dam in the northern portion of the park was proposed.
Located in the Hetch Hetchy Valley, its purpose was to provide water and hydroelectric power to San Francisco.
Muir and the Sierra Club opposed the project, while others, including Gifford Pinchot, supported it.
In 1913, the U.S. Congress authorized the O'Shaughnessy Dam through passage of the Raker Act.
In the late 1920s, in an attempt that would be impossible to make today, a bid for Yosemite for the 1932 Winter Olympics was put forward.
(Ultimately, Lake Placid, New York, hosted.
)More recently, preservationists persuaded Congress to designate , or about 89% of the park, as the Yosemite Wilderness—a highly protected wilderness area.
The Park Service has reduced artificial inducements to visit the park, such as the "Firefall", in which red-hot embers were pushed off a cliff near Glacier Point at night.
Traffic congestion in Yosemite Valley during the summer months has become a concern.
Two electric buses commenced service in September 1995.
The buses are quiet and do not emit pollutants.
Eventually, all the buses in Yosemite will be electric.
The 1996 Yosemite Valley Landslide killed a hiker and the January 1997 Merced River flood damaged many roads and several campgrounds.
Article: NCIS (TV series)
Section: Abstract

Question: What word was dropped from the title of the show "NCIS"?

NCIS (TV series)NCIS is an American police procedural drama television series, revolving around a fictional team of special agents from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, which conducts criminal investigations involving the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps.
The concept and characters were initially introduced in two episodes of the CBS series "JAG" (season eight episodes "Ice Queen" and "Meltdown").
The show, a spin-off from "JAG", premiered on September 23, 2003, on CBS.
To date it has aired for ten full seasons and has gone into broadcast syndication on USA Network.
Donald P. Bellisario is co-creator, along with Don McGill, as well as executive producer.
"NCIS" was originally referred to as Navy NCIS during season one; "Navy" was later dropped from the title.
In season seven, "NCIS" led to a spin-off series, "", starring Chris O'Donnell and LL Cool J.
In 2011, "NCIS" was voted America’s favorite television show.
The series finished its tenth season as the most-watched television series in the U.S. during the 2012–13 TV season.
On March 13, 2014, CBS renewed the series for a twelfth season.