community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: The Dark Knight Rises
Section: Abstract

Question: Why did Christopher Nolan use IMAX cameras for much of the filming of The Dark Knight Rises?

The Dark Knight Rises is a 2012 British-American epic superhero film directed by Christopher Nolan, who co-wrote the screenplay with his brother Jonathan Nolan and the story with David S. Goyer.
Featuring the DC Comics character Batman, the film is the final installment in Nolan's "Batman" film trilogy, and it is the sequel to "Batman Begins" (2005) and "The Dark Knight" (2008).
Christian Bale reprises the lead role of Bruce Wayne/Batman, with a returning cast of his allies: Michael Caine as Alfred Pennyworth, Gary Oldman as James Gordon, and Morgan Freeman as Lucius Fox.
The film introduces Selina Kyle (Anne Hathaway), a sly, morally ambiguous cat burglar, and Bane (Tom Hardy), a mercenary bent on destroying Gotham City.
Drawn back into action by new threats facing the city, an older Bruce Wayne is forced to come out of retirement and become Batman once again.
Christopher Nolan was initially hesitant about returning to the series for a second time, but agreed to come back after developing a story with his brother and Goyer that he felt would conclude the series on a satisfactory note.
Nolan drew inspiration from Bane's comic book debut in the 1993 "" storyline, the 1986 series "The Dark Knight Returns", and the 1999 storyline "No Man's Land".
Filming took place in various locations, including Jodhpur, London, Nottingham, Glasgow, Los Angeles, New York City, Newark, and Pittsburgh.
Nolan used IMAX cameras for much of the filming, including the first six minutes of the film, to optimize the quality of the picture.
A variation of the Batplane termed "The Bat", an underground prison set, and a new Batcave set were created specifically for the film.
As with "The Dark Knight", viral marketing campaigns began early during production to help promotion.
When filming concluded, Warner Bros. refocused its campaign: developing promotional websites, releasing the first six minutes of the film, screening theatrical trailers, and sending out information regarding the film's plot.
"The Dark Knight Rises" premiered in New York City on July 16, 2012.
The film was released in Australia and New Zealand on July 19, 2012, and in North America and the United Kingdom on July 20, 2012.
Upon release it received a favorable critical response and grossed over $1.081 billion worldwide.
It is currently the ninth-highest-grossing film of all time, the third-highest-grossing film of 2012, and the third-highest-grossing superhero film of all time.
Article: Chemotherapy
Section: Gastrointestinal distress

Question: What are the side effects?

Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and constipation are common side-effects of chemotherapeutic medications that kill fast-dividing cells.
Malnutrition and dehydration can result when the patient does not eat or drink enough, or when the patient vomits frequently, because of gastrointestinal damage.
This can result in rapid weight loss, or occasionally in weight gain, if the patient eats too much in an effort to allay nausea or heartburn.
Weight gain can also be caused by some steroid medications.
These side-effects can frequently be reduced or eliminated with antiemetic drugs.
Self-care measures, such as eating frequent small meals and drinking clear liquids or ginger tea, are often recommended.
In general, this is a temporary effect, and frequently resolves within a week of finishing treatment.
However, a high index of suspicion is appropriate, since diarrhea and bloating are also symptoms of typhlitis, a very serious and potentially life-threatening medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.
Article: China
Section: Prehistory

Question: What did the Peking Man yield?

Archaeological evidence suggests that early hominids inhabited China between 250,000 and 2.24 million years ago.
A cave in Zhoukoudian (near present-day Beijing) exhibits hominid fossils dated at between 680,000 and 780,000 BCE.
The fossils are of Peking Man, an example of "Homo erectus" who used fire.
The Peking Man site has also yielded remains of "Homo sapiens" dating back to 18,000–11,000 BCE.
Some scholars assert that a form of proto-writing existed in China as early as 3000 BCE.
According to Chinese tradition, the first imperial dynasty was the Xia, which emerged around 2070 BCE.
However, the dynasty was considered mythical by historians until scientific excavations found early Bronze Age sites at Erlitou, Henan in 1959.
It remains unclear whether these sites are the remains of the Xia Dynasty or of another culture from the same period.
Article: United Arab Emirates
Section: Food

Question: What UAE city doesn't serve alcohol?

The traditional food of the Emirates has always been rice, fish, and meat.
The people of the United Arab Emirates have adopted most of their foods from other West and South Asian countries including India, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Oman.
Seafood has been the mainstay of the Emirati diet for centuries.
Meat and rice are other staple foods; lamb and mutton are the more favored meats, then goat and beef.
Popular beverages are coffee and tea, which can be supplemented with cardamom, saffron, or mint to give them a distinct flavor.
The cosmopolitan nature of the UAE means that food from every continent can be found here.
Fast food has become very popular among youth, to the extent that campaigns are underway to highlight the dangers of fast food excesses.
Muslims are prohibited from eating pork, so it is not included in Arab menus.
Hotels and other establishments frequently have pork substitutes such as beef sausages and veal rashers on their breakfast menus.
If pork is available, it is clearly labeled as such.
Unlike other Muslim countries, it is not against the law to bring pork products into the country for personal consumption.
Alcohol is generally only served in hotel restaurants and bars (but not in Sharjah).
All nightclubs and golf clubs are permitted to sell alcohol.
Specific supermarkets may sell alcohol, but these products are sold in separate sections.
Note that although alcohol may be consumed, it is illegal to be intoxicated in public or drive a motor vehicle with any trace of alcohol in the blood.
Etihad Airways and Emirates airlines, both owned by the UAE, serve alcohol on their beverage menus too.
Article: Norway
Section: Bronze Age

Question: When did the new settlers arrive in eastern Norway?

Between 3000 and 2500 BC new settlers (Corded Ware culture) arrived in eastern Norway.
They were Indo-European farmers who grew grain and kept cows and sheep.
The hunting-fishing population of the west coast was also gradually replaced by farmers, though hunting and fishing remained useful secondary means of livelihood.
From about 1500 BC bronze was gradually introduced, but the use of stone implements continued; Norway had few riches to barter for bronze goods, and the few finds consist mostly of elaborate weapons and brooches that only chieftains could afford.
Huge burial cairns built close to the sea as far north as Harstad and also inland in the south are characteristic of this period.
The motifs of the rock carvings differ from those typical of the Stone Age.
Representations of the Sun, animals, trees, weapons, ships, and people are all strongly stylised.
Article: Inside Llewyn Davis
Section: Music

Question: "Please Mr. Kennedy" was recorded on "Here They Are" during which year?

Dave Van Ronk's music served as a starting point for the Coens as they wrote the script, and many of the songs first designated for the film were those he had recorded.
Van Ronk co-author Elijah Wald said that the character of Llewyn Davis "is not at all Dave, but the music is.” (The cover of Davis's solo album, "Inside Llewyn Davis", resembles that of "Inside Dave Van Ronk".
Both feature the artist in a doorway, wearing a tweed jacket and smoking a cigarette.)
Other songs emerged in conversations between the Coens and T-Bone Burnett, who produced the music in association with Marcus Mumford.
Burnett previously worked with the Coens on the music and soundtrack for "The Big Lebowski" and "O Brother, Where Art Thou?
", the latter of which sold about 8 million copies in the United States.
The Coens viewed the music in the "Llewyn Davis" as a direct descendant of the music in "O Brother.
"The humorous novelty song "Please Mr. Kennedy", a plea from a reluctant astronaut, appears to be a fourth generation derivative of the 1960 song "Mr. Custer", also known as "Please Mr. Custer", about the Battle of the Little Bighorn, sung by Larry Verne and written by Al DeLory, Fred Darian, and Joseph Van Winkle.
A Tamla-Motown single followed in 1961: "Please Mr. Kennedy (I Don't Want to Go)", a plea from a reluctant Vietnam War draftee, sung by Mickey Woods and credited to Berry Gordy, Loucye Wakefield and Ronald Wakefield.
In 1962 using a similar theme, The Goldcoast Singers recorded "Please Mr. Kennedy" on its "Here They Are "album, with writing credits to Ed Rush and George Cromarty.
The Llewyn Davis version credits Rush, Cromarty, Burnett, Timberlake, and the Coens.
Isaac, Timberlake, Mulligan, Driver and others performed the music live.
The exception was "The Auld Triangle", which was lip-synced, with Timberlake singing bass.
(Timberlake's vocal range was on display in the film.
Critic Janet Maslin, listening to a soundtrack recording, confused Timberlake's voice with Mulligan's, which she thought resembled that of Mary Travers.)
Article: Six Flags
Section: Abstract

Question: When did Six Flags file for bankruptcy protection?

Six Flags Entertainment Corp. is the world's largest amusement park corporation based on number of properties, and the fifth-most popular in terms of attendance.
The company maintains 18 properties throughout North America consisting of theme parks, thrill parks, water parks, and family entertainment centers.
In 2009, Six Flags properties hosted 23.9 million guests.
The company was founded in Texas and took its name from its first property, Six Flags Over Texas.
The company maintains a corporate office in Midtown Manhattan, New York City and its headquarters are in Grand Prairie, Texas.
On June 13, 2009, the corporation filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection and successfully exited the restructuring on May 3, 2010.
Article: Falling Skies
Section: Recurring cast

Question: Did Brandon Jay McLaren play Jamil Dexter?

 Dale Dye as Colonel/General Jim Porter (season 1–3)
 Megan Danso as Deni (season 3 onwards)
 Bruce Gray as Uncle Scott (season 1)
 Martin Roach as Mike Thompson (season 1)
 Lynne Deragon as Kate Gordon (season 1)
 Melissa Kramer as Sarah (season 1)
 Steven Weber as Dr. Michael Harris (season 1)
 Dylan Authors as Jimmy Boland (seasons 1–2)
 Daniyah Ysrail as Rick Thompson (seasons 1-2)
 Ryan Robbins as Tector Murphy, one of the Berserkers (season 2 onwards)
 Luciana Carro as Crazy Lee, one of the Berserkers (seasons 2–3)
 Brad Kelly as Lyle, one of the Berserkers (season 2 onwards)
 Billy Wickman as Boon, one of the Berserkers (season 2)
 Terry O'Quinn as Arthur Manchester (season 2–3)
 Matt Frewer as General Bressler (seasons 2–3)
 Laci J Mailey as Jeanne Weaver (season 2 onwards)
 Brandon Jay McLaren as Jamil Dexter (season 2)
 Gloria Reuben as Marina Peralta (season 3 onwards)
 Robert Sean Leonard as Dr. Roger Kadar (season 3 onwards)
Article: Brazil
Section: Demographics

Question: Why did Brazil's population increase between 1940 and 1970?

The population of Brazil, as recorded by the 2008 PNAD, was approximately 190 million (), with a ratio of men to women of 0.95:1 and 83.75% of the population defined as urban.
The population is heavily concentrated in the Southeastern (79.8 million inhabitants) and Northeastern (53.5 million inhabitants) regions, while the two most extensive regions, the Center-West and the North, which together make up 64.12% of the Brazilian territory, have a total of only 29.1 million inhabitants.
The first census in Brazil was carried out in 1872 and recorded a population of 9,930,478.
From 1880 to 1930, 4 million Europeans arrived.
Brazil's population increased significantly between 1940 and 1970, because of a decline in the mortality rate, even though the birth rate underwent a slight decline.
In the 1940s the annual population growth rate was 2.4%, rising to 3.0% in the 1950s and remaining at 2.9% in the 1960s, as life expectancy rose from 44 to 54 years and to 72.6 years in 2007.
It has been steadily falling since the 1960s, from 3.04% per year between 1950 and 1960 to 1.05% in 2008 and is expected to fall to a negative value of –0.29% by 2050 thus completing the demographic transition.
In 2008, the illiteracy rate was 11.48% and among the youth (ages 15–19) 1.74%.
It was highest (20.30%) in the Northeast, which had a large proportion of rural poor.
Illiteracy was high (24.18%) among the rural population and lower (9.05%) among the urban population.
Article: Singapore
Section: Government and politics

Question: When did Singapore end trial by jury?

Singapore is a parliamentary republic with a Westminster system of unicameral parliamentary government representing constituencies.
The country's constitution establishes a representative democracy as the political system.
Freedom House ranks Singapore as "partly free" in its "Freedom in the World" report, and "The Economist" ranks Singapore as a "hybrid regime", the third best rank of four, in its "Democracy Index".
Singapore has been consistently rated among the least corrupt countries in the world by Transparency International.
Executive power rests with the Cabinet of Singapore, led by the Prime Minister and, to a much lesser extent, the President.
The President is elected through a popular vote, and has veto powers over a specific set of executive decisions, such as the use of the national reserves and the appointment of judges, but otherwise occupies a largely ceremonial post.
The Parliament serves as the legislative branch of the government.
Members of Parliament (MPs) consist of elected, non-constituency and nominated members.
Elected MPs are voted into the Parliament on a "first-past-the-post" (plurality) basis and represent either single-member or group-representation constituencies.
The People's Action Party has won control of Parliament with large majorities in every election since self-governance was secured in 1959.
However, in the most recent Parliamentary elections in 2011, the opposition, led by the Workers' Party, made material gains, increasing its representation to six elected MPs.
The legal system of Singapore is based on English common law, but with substantial local differences.
Trial by jury was abolished in 1970 so that judicial decisions would rest entirely in the hands of appointed judges.
Singapore has penalties that include judicial corporal punishment in the form of caning, which may be imposed for such offenses as rape, rioting, vandalism, and certain immigration offenses.
There is a mandatory death penalty for murder, as well as certain aggravated drug-trafficking and firearms offenses.
Amnesty International has said that some legal provisions of the Singapore system conflict with the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty, and that Singapore has "possibly the highest execution rate in the world relative to its population".
The government has disputed Amnesty's claims.
In a 2008 survey of international business executives, Singapore and Hong Kong received top ranking with regard to judicial system quality in Asia.
In 2011, the World Justice Project's "Rule of Law Index" ranked Singapore among the top countries surveyed with regard to "Order and Security", "Absence of Corruption", and "Effective Criminal Justice".
However, the country received a much lower ranking for "Freedom of Speech" and "Freedom of Assembly".
All public gatherings of five or more people require police permits, and protests may legally be held only at the Speakers' Corner.
Article: Boston Tea Party
Section: Abstract

Question: The demonstrators were disguised as what?

The Boston Tea Party (initially referred to by John Adams as "the Destruction of the Tea in Boston") was a political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, on December 16, 1773.
Disguised as American Indians, the demonstrators destroyed an entire shipment of tea, which had been sent by the East India Company, in defiance of the Tea Act of May 10, 1773.
They boarded the ships and threw the chests of tea into Boston Harbor, ruining the tea.
The British government responded harshly and the episode escalated into the American Revolution.
The Tea Party became an iconic event of American history, and other political protests such as the Tea Party movement after 2010 explicitly refer to it.
The Tea Party was the culmination of a resistance movement throughout British America against the Tea Act, which had been passed by the British Parliament in 1773.
Colonists objected to the Tea Act because they believed that it violated their rights as Englishmen to "No taxation without representation," that is, be taxed only by their own elected representatives and not by a British parliament in which they were not represented.
Protesters had successfully prevented the unloading of taxed tea in three other colonies, but in Boston, embattled Royal Governor Thomas Hutchinson refused to allow the tea to be returned to Britain.
The Boston Tea Party was a key event in the growth of the American Revolution.
Parliament responded in 1774 with the Coercive Acts, or Intolerable Acts, which, among other provisions, ended local self-government in Massachusetts and closed Boston's commerce.
Colonists up and down the Thirteen Colonies in turn responded to the Coercive Acts with additional acts of protest, and by convening the First Continental Congress, which petitioned the British monarch for repeal of the acts and coordinated colonial resistance to them.
The crisis escalated, and the American Revolutionary War began near Boston in 1775.
Article: All I Want for Christmas Is You
Section: Remixes, Extra Festive, and Superfestive versions

Question: What album does the song appear on as a bonus track?

When the song was first released as a single in 1994, no remixes were commissioned.
Carey re-released the song commercially in Japan in 2000, with a new remix known as the So So Def remix.
The remix contains new vocals and is played over a harder, more urban beat; it features raps by Jermaine Dupri and Bow Wow.
The remix appears on Carey's compilation album "Greatest Hits" (2001) as a bonus track.
In 2009, a remix produced by Carey and Low Sunday, called "Mariah's New Dance Mix", was released.
The mix laid the original 1994 vocals over new electronic instrumentation.
The remix garnered a positive response.
MTV's Kyle Anderson wrote that "it's difficult to improve perfection," but that the remix "does dress up the song in a disco thump that should make your office Christmas party 28 percent funkier than it was last year."
Idolator's Becky Bain praised the song's catchiness.
In 2010, Carey re-recorded the song for her thirteenth studio and second holiday album, "Merry Christmas II You".
Titled "All I Want for Christmas Is You (Extra Festive)", the new version featured re-recorded vocals, softer bell ringing and stronger drumming, and an orchestral introduction that replaced the a capella introduction.
Steven J. Horowitz from "Rap-Up" wrote that the new version "sound just as enjoyable as it did in 1994."
While the song was praised, it drew criticism for being too similar to the original.
Thomas Connor from the "Chicago Sun-Times" wrote that the new version "just seems to add a few brassy backup singers to the exact same arrangement."
Caryn Ganz from "Rolling Stone" agreed, writing that it was "hard to figure out what's 'extra festive'" about the new version.
Dan Hancox, editor of "The National", also felt the new version was unnecessary.
In 2011, pop singer Justin Bieber also recorded a version of the song as a duet with Carey, titled "All I Want for Christmas Is You (Superfestive!
)", on his holiday album, "Under the Mistletoe".
The accompanying music video for the duet was filmed in Macy's department store in New York, and features Bieber shopping with his friends whilst Carey poses on a staging area next to a Christmas tree and gifts.
The two rejoice at the end by sitting in a sleigh with a crowd of young customers handing out gifts to everyone.
Article: We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together
Section: Europe and Oceania

Question: As of January of 2013, how many copies of the single had been sold?

"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" gave Swift's second top ten hit in the United Kingdom after it debuted at number five, and eventually ascended to number four.
As of January 2013, the single has sold 465,000 copies in the UK.
It charted in United Kingdom for twenty-nine weeks; ten weeks of it is within the top ten.
The single is certified Gold by the British Phonographic Industry for downloads exceeding 400,000 copies and ranked as the twenty-sixth best selling single of 2012.
In Ireland, the song jumped at number four on its second week after debuting at number eleven, became Swift's second top ten hit after her 2009 hit "Love Story."
"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" also Swift's second top ten hit in Norway after it reached number seven in its third week.
It also appeared in Netherlands at number sixteen, in Spain at number nine.
"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" became Swift's sixth top ten hit in Australia after it vaulted from number thirteen to number three in its second week.
It stayed at the top ten for seven weeks and charted for a total of twenty-four weeks.
The single is certified quintuple platinum by Australian Recording Industry Association for the shipment of over 350,000 copies, her highest certified song in the region.
In New Zealand, it debuted at number two, the highest debut of the week, and on its second week it rose to the number-one spot, making it Swift's first single to top the chart.
It stayed at the top ten for nine weeks, charted for a total of nineteen weeks and placed at number nineteen in New Zealand's 2012 year-end chart.
Article: Ice hockey
Section: Head injuries

Question: When did the NHL implement a new protocol for detecting concussions during gameplay?

According to the Hughston Health Alert, "Lacerations to the head, scalp, and face are the most frequent types of injury hockey."
(Schmidt 6) Even a shallow cut to the head results in a loss of a large amount of blood.
Most concussions occur during player to player contact (49%) rather than when a player is checked into the boards (35%).
Not only are lacerations common, “it is estimated that direct trauma accounts for 80% of all injuries.
Most of these injuries are caused by player contact, falls and contact with a puck, high stick and occasionally, a skate blade.” (Schmidt 3) One of the causes of head injury is checking from behind.
Due to the danger of delivering a check from behind, many leagues, including the NHL have made this a major and gross misconduct penalty (called "boarding").
Another type of check that accounts for many of the player to player contact concussions is a check to the head.
A check to the head can be defined as delivering a hit while the receiving player’s head is down and their waist is bent and the aggressor is targeting the receiving player's head.
Checks to the head have accounted for nearly 50% of concussions that players in the National Hockey League have suffered.
Concussions that players suffer may go unreported because there are no obvious physical signs if a player is not knocked unconscious.
This can prove to be dangerous if a player decides to return to play without receiving proper medical attention.
In recent years there has been debate over whether or not a check to head should be deemed an acceptable hit in hockey.
In March 2011, the NHL instituted a new concussion testing protocol to help improve detection of concussions during gameplay