community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: The Dark Knight Rises
Section: Production design

Question: How is the bat made to fly?

Concept artist Tully Summers commented on Nolan's style of cinematography when asked about the difference between his designs for this film and fantasy-based designs for "Men in Black 3": "The difference for me was Christopher Nolan's visual style.
One of the things that makes his Batman movies so compelling is their tone of plausibility.
He will often prefer a raw, grittier design over one that is very sleek and product design pretty.
It's sort of a practical military aesthetic.
This stuff is made to work, not impress shoppers.
"The Dark Knight Rises" is a war film."
Producer Emma Thomas stated this Batman film has a different visual aesthetic from the first two Nolan-directed features, explaining that "it's meant to be winter in Gotham, so that right there is going to lend a whole different look to the film.
"The film introduces a vehicle that has been compared with the Batplane, dubbed "the Bat".
In designing the Bat, Nathan Crowley approached it as if it were an actual military project, emphasising the need for it to "fit into the same family" as the Tumbler and the Batpod.
The final version of the Bat takes its design cues from the Harrier Jump Jet, Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey and the Boeing AH-64 Apache.
Chris Corbould described the Bat's size and shape as presenting a major challenge for filming given Christopher Nolan's emphasis on practical effects over computer-generated imagery.
In order to make the Bat "fly", it was variously supported by wires, suspended from cranes and helicopters, and mounted on a purpose-built vehicle with hydraulic controls to simulate movement.
When designing the Batcave set, Crowley and fellow production designer Kevin Kavanaugh hit upon the idea of flooding the Batcave and having Batman's equipment, the Batsuit and a supercomputer rise from the water.
Another set was designed at Cardington as an "underground prison", a rough-hewn labyrinth of stone cells in a vast abyss with a vertical shaft leading to the surface.
Exteriors above the prison were filmed in Jodhpur, India, chosen because the "forbidding landscape added to the desolation".
Article: Tokyo Disneyland
Section: History

Question: What year did they start building Disneyland Tokyo?

In April 1979, the first basic contract for the construction of Disneyland in Tokyo was signed.
Japanese engineers and architects flocked to California to tour Disneyland and prepare to construct the new operating dreamland in Tokyo.
Just one year later, construction of the park began and was covered by hundreds of media reporters as an indication of the high expectations for the park in the future.
Though successful in the building process, the final cost of Disneyland Tokyo almost doubled the estimated budget costing 180 billion yen rather than the projected 100 billion yen.
Despite this discrepancy, Disneyland Tokyo has been a constant source of pride since opening day over 30 years ago.
Article: Stone Mountain
Section: Attractions

Question: How big was the projection at Stone Mountain in 2011 compared to IMAX?

The Park features several attractions that are operated by Herschend Family Entertainment Corporation.
On summer evenings the mountain hosts the Stone Mountain Laser Show Spectacular, which uses popular and classic music to entertain park guests with a large fireworks and laser light display.
The colorful lightshow of lasers project moving images of the Deep South as well as Georgia history onto the Confederate Memorial carving on the side of the mountain.
The American Civil War is acknowledged, but the strength of a reunited country concludes the message, with Sandi Patti singing the Star Spangled Banner.
There are still old favorites included with the show, “Devil Went down to Georgia” and "An American Trilogy".
There have been several additions to the show for its 25th anniversary.
During Memorial Day Weekend of 2011, Stone Mountain unveiled their biggest overhaul ever of the laser show, dubbed Mountainvision.
This incorporates digital projectors, lasers, special effects, and pyrotechnics into an incredible experience.
The projection is 5 times larger than an IMAX screen and taller than the Statue Of Liberty.
The Skyride is a Swiss-built cable car to the summit of the mountain which passes by the carving on the way up.
The Riverboat offers a scenic cruise aboard a reproduction Mississippi riverboat on 363 acre (147 ha) Stone Mountain Lake.
(UPDATE: The Riverboat, which used to be one of Stone Mountain Park's attractions to all guests, has been retired.
)The Antebellum Plantation is a collection of historic buildings relocated from around the state of Georgia, including 3 plantation manor houses dating from 1794, 1850 and 1845, two slave cabins, a barn and other outbuildings.
The Plantation Farmyard features historic breeds of sheep, goats and pigs that guests can pet.
Crossroads is a recreation of an 1872 southern town with several attractions including a modern 4-D movie theater, an adventure mini-golf course, a duck tour ride, stores and restaurants.
Crafts demonstrators include glass blowing and candy making.
Other attractions in this area include:The Great Barn is a children's activity area that features 65 interactive games, climbing structures, trampoline floors, slides and more.
Sky Hike is a family ropes adventure course.
Guests can choose their own path and level of challenge.
Geyser Towers is a playground featuring a large fountain at the entrance, so guests have the option of climbing through the course or getting wet.
Article: Brazil
Section: Culture

Question: In what century did Brazilian cinema get new international acclaim?

The core culture of Brazil is derived from Portuguese culture, because of its strong colonial ties with the Portuguese empire.
Among other influences, the Portuguese introduced the Portuguese language, Roman Catholicism and colonial architectural styles.
The culture was, however, also strongly influenced by African, indigenous and non-Portuguese European cultures and traditions.
Some aspects of Brazilian culture were influenced by the contributions of Italian, German and other European as well Japanese, Jewish and Arab immigrants who arrived in large numbers in the South and Southeast of Brazil.
The indigenous Amerindians influenced Brazil's language and cuisine; and the Africans influenced language, cuisine, music, dance and religion.
Brazilian art has developed since the 16th century into different styles that range from Baroque (the dominant style in Brazil until the early 19th century) to Romanticism, Modernism, Expressionism, Cubism, Surrealism and Abstractionism.
Brazilian cinema dates back to the birth of the medium in the late 19th century and has gained a new level of international acclaim since the 1960s.
Article: Last Man Standing (U.S. TV series)
Section: Abstract

Question: WHen did "Last Man Standing" premiere?

Last Man Standing (U.S. TV series)Last Man Standing is an American television sitcom starring Tim Allen and Nancy Travis that currently airs on ABC.
The series premiered on October 11, 2011.
This is the second sitcom Allen starred in for ABC, the first being "Home Improvement".
On May 11, 2012, the series was renewed for a second season that premiered on November 2, 2012.
On May 10, 2013, ABC renewed "Last Man Standing" for a third season.
It premiered on September 20, 2013.
Article: Industrial Revolution
Section: Transportation

Question: What did the Industrial Revolution improve for Britain?

At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, inland transport was by navigable rivers and roads, with coastal vessels employed to move heavy goods by sea.
Railways or wagon ways were used for conveying coal to rivers for further shipment, but canals had not yet been constructed.
Animals supplied all of the motive power on land, with sails providing the motive power on the sea.
The Industrial Revolution improved Britain's transport infrastructure with a turnpike road network, a canal and waterway network, and a railway network.
Raw materials and finished products could be moved more quickly and cheaply than before.
Improved transportation also allowed new ideas to spread quickly.
Article: Cold War
Section: Gorbachev reforms

Question: Which party was Glasnost supposed to reduce the corroption of?

Final years (1985–91).
Gorbachev reforms.
By the time the comparatively youthful Mikhail Gorbachev became General Secretary in 1985, the Soviet economy was stagnant and faced a sharp fall in foreign currency earnings as a result of the downward slide in oil prices in the 1980s.
These issues prompted Gorbachev to investigate measures to revive the ailing state.
An ineffectual start led to the conclusion that deeper structural changes were necessary and in June 1987 Gorbachev announced an agenda of economic reform called "perestroika", or restructuring.
Perestroika relaxed the production quota system, allowed private ownership of businesses and paved the way for foreign investment.
These measures were intended to redirect the country's resources from costly Cold War military commitments to more productive areas in the civilian sector.
Despite initial skepticism in the West, the new Soviet leader proved to be committed to reversing the Soviet Union's deteriorating economic condition instead of continuing the arms race with the West.
Partly as a way to fight off internal opposition from party cliques to his reforms, Gorbachev simultaneously introduced "glasnost", or openness, which increased freedom of the press and the transparency of state institutions.
"Glasnost" was intended to reduce the corruption at the top of the Communist Party and moderate the abuse of power in the Central Committee.
Glasnost also enabled increased contact between Soviet citizens and the western world, particularly with the United States, contributing to the accelerating détente between the two nations.
Article: Anatomy
Section: Insect anatomy

Question: What body parts are there considerable variations between?

Insects possess segmented bodies supported by a hard-jointed outer covering made mostly of chitin.
The segments of the body are organized into three distinct parts, a head, a thorax and an abdomen.
The head typically bears a pair of sensory antennae, a pair of compound eyes, one to three simple eyes (ocelli) and three sets of modified appendages that form the mouthparts.
The thorax has three pairs of segmented legs, one pair each for the three segments that compose the thorax and one or two pairs of wings.
The abdomen is composed of eleven segments, some of which may be fused and houses the digestive, respiratory, excretory and reproductive systems.
There is considerable variations between species and many adaptations to the body parts, especially wings, legs, antennae and mouthparts.
Article: United Kingdom
Section: Abstract

Question: The UN Security Council had its first session on what date?

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain , is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe.
The country includes the island of Great Britain (a term sometimes loosely applied to the whole state), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands.
Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another state: the Republic of Ireland.
Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea in the east, the English Channel in the south and the Irish Sea in the west.
The UK's form of government is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system, and its capital city is London.
The current British monarch—since 6 February 1952—is Queen Elizabeth II.
The United Kingdom consists of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
The latter three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capital cities, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively.
Guernsey, Jersey and the Isle of Man are Crown dependencies and are not part of the UK.
The United Kingdom has fourteen British Overseas Territories.
These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land mass and was the largest empire in history.
British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies.
The United Kingdom is a developed country and has the world's sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and eighth-largest by purchasing power parity.
It was the world's first industrialised country and the world's foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries.
The UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally.
It is a recognised nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth in the world.
The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946.
It has been a member of the European Union (EU) and its predecessor the European Economic Community (EEC) since 1973; it is also a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the Council of Europe, the G7, the G8, the G20, NATO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Article: Battle of Red Cliffs
Section: Analysis

Question: What were the consequences of Cao's tactical mistake?

A combination of Cao Cao's strategic errors and the effectiveness of Huang Gai's ruse had resulted in the allied victory at the Battle of Red Cliffs.
Zhou Yu had previously observed that Cao Cao's generals and soldiers comprised mostly cavalry and infantry, and few had any experience in naval warfare.
Cao Cao also had little support among the people of Jing Province, and thus lacked a secure forward base of operations .
Despite the strategic acumen Cao Cao had displayed in earlier campaigns and battles, in this case he had simply assumed that numerical superiority would eventually defeat the Sun and Liu navy.
Cao's first tactical mistake was converting his massive army of infantry and cavalry into a marine corps and navy: with only a few days of drills before the battle, Cao Cao's troops were ravaged by sea-sickness and lack of experience on water.
Tropical diseases, to which the southerners had long been immune, also plagued the soldiers of the north with the debilitating effects of sickness rampant in Cao Cao's camps.
Although numerous, Cao Cao's men were already exhausted by the unfamiliar environment and the extended southern campaign, as Zhuge Liang observed: "Even a powerful arrow at the end of its flight cannot penetrate a silk cloth" (Military Documents 1979:193).
The uncharacteristically poor preparation and miscalculations displayed by Cao Cao during this campaign may have been partly due to the recent death of his strategist and advisor Guo Jia.
Cao Cao himself had commented: "Had Guo Jia been with us, I would never have got into such trouble" .
Another key advisor, Jia Xu, had recommended after the surrender of Liu Cong that the overtaxed armies be given time to rest and replenish before engaging the armies of Sun Quan and Liu Bei, but Cao Cao disregarded the advice .
Cao Cao's own thoughts regarding his failure at Red Cliffs suggest that he held his own actions and misfortunes responsible for the defeat, rather than the strategies utilised by his enemy during the battle: "... it was only because of the sickness that I burnt my ships and retreated.
It is out of all reason for Zhou Yu to take the credit for himself."
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Article: I Won't Give Up
Section: Background

Question: How long was "I'm Yours" in the top 100?

After "I'm Yours" remained at the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart for a record 76 weeks ending in October 2009 (peaking at number 6), Mraz headed to the Gulf of Mexico in the summer of 2010 to help with efforts to clean the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
Later, he went to a trip to Ghana to fight child slavery alongside the nonprofit Free the Slaves.
Later, Mraz was in Antarctica, spending time with Al Gore and learning about climate change aboard the National Geographic Explorer.
During his activist outings, Mraz wrote and recorded his fourth album, "Love Is a Four Letter Word", with producer Joe Chiccarelli.
In an interview for "Billboard", he confessed that he was less interested in following up his biggest hit than using the power that "I'm Yours" gave him to fuel positive change.
He further elaborated: "The pressure I put on myself, or what I hope my 'I Won't Give Up' does, is to make a difference in people's lives .
.
.
With 'I'm Yours,' I got to go out and set my feet on different continents, and expose myself to different cultures and causes.
I wanted to see who I was, outside of music.
"Mraz explained the track, in a "track-by-track" commentary for "Billboard":"'I Won't Give Up' was written selfishly.
As many of my songs are, I write for the purpose of understanding what the hell's going on in my life, my position in the world, processing that lesson and that miracle that I'm learning.
Seeing it on the page, proving to myself that I understand the lesson, that I'm applying it to my life, and that I can move on.
Ultimately it was about, you know, regardless of what happens in this relationship, I don't have to give up on loving this person, or loving myself, or give up on whatever my dreams are.
Even though its written through the filter of relationships, it's not necessarily specific for relationships.
For me, the true meaning exists in the bridge saying 'I don't want to be someone who walks away so easily, I'm here to stay and make a difference.'
That is for all of us.
We all have something that we're fighting for or that we're striving for.
Whether we want to coach our soccer team to victory or lose five pounds in a month, whatever it is, there's nothing too small worth fighting for and there's nothing too big worth going after."
Article: Let It Be
Section: Conflicts

Question: Did Harrison quit the group?

The rehearsals and recording sessions for the album did not run smoothly.
The acrimony that began during the recording of the previous year's "White Album" resumed soon after the rehearsals began.
The Beatles were not getting along, and Lennon and McCartney weren't working together as before.
McCartney assumed the role of the leader, while a laid back Lennon was more interested in spending time/making music with his soon-to-be wife Yoko Ono, who was now present in the studio with him at all times.
All of the factors led to friction within the band.
At one point, Harrison walked out and quit the group after several arguments with McCartney and a severe fall-out with Lennon, due to the former's perfectionism and the latter's growing lack of interest in the band.
Harrison was eventually coaxed back a few days later.
The film version is famous for showcasing a number of conflicts between the group members and has frequently been referred to as a documentary intended to show the making of an album but instead showing "the break-up of a band".
Article: Ramen
Section: Noodles

Question: How should the consistency of ramen noodles be described?

Most noodles are made from four basic ingredients: wheat flour, salt, water, and "kansui", which is essentially a type of alkaline mineral water, containing sodium carbonate and usually potassium carbonate, as well as sometimes a small amount of phosphoric acid.
Originally, "kansui" was named after the water from Inner Mongolia's Lake Kan which contained large amounts of these minerals and was said to be perfect for making these noodles.
Making noodles with "kansui" lends them a yellowish hue as well as a firm texture.
Eggs may also be substituted for "kansui".
Some noodles are made with neither eggs nor "kansui" and should only be used for yakisoba.
Ramen comes in various shapes and lengths.
It may be thick, thin, or even ribbon-like, as well as straight or wrinkled.
Article: We Are Young
Section: Abstract

Question: When did "We Are Young" win the Song of the Year Grammy?

"We Are Young" is a song recorded by American band Fun featuring Janelle Monáe, for their second studio album "Some Nights" (2012).
It was released on September 20, 2011 as the lead single from "Some Nights".
Musically, "We Are Young" is an anthem that incorporates the genres of indie pop, alternative rock, and power pop.
The song received generally positive reviews from music critics, with many noting the song as a breakthrough for the indie genre and praising the song's catchiness.
"We Are Young" has attained commercial success worldwide, reaching number one in several countries.
The track initially only gained attention from online media, although it did receive its first commercial radio airplay on Tampa Bay alternative radio station, 97X, debuting on September 19, 2011.
However, it was soon covered by the television show "Glee".
With the "Glee" version having success on the charts, the song was licensed for use in a Chevrolet Sonic commercial that aired during Super Bowl XLVI.
The single song propelled the band into mainstream success, topping the digital charts in February 2012 and becoming a crossover hit, peaking at number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100 through airplay on contemporary hit radio stations, topping the chart for six weeks straight.
It is also the first song to log seven weeks of 300,000 or more in digital sales, a record that was previously held by Eminem's "Love the Way You Lie" (2010).
"We Are Young" has been certified five-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America, and is both Fun and Monáe's first charting single on the Hot 100, as well as their first number-one single.
The song also topped the Hot 100 Airplay chart with 120 million impressions in seven weeks, becoming the first group since Destiny's Child's "Survivor" (2001) to do so.
The song was named 99th on the "Billboard" Hot 100 Songs of All-time.
An accompanying music video was directed by Marc Klasfeld at David Sukonick Concert Hall in Los Angeles.
It features the group performing on a stage at a bar where a riot breaks out.
As part of promotion for the song, it was performed at the 2011 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, the American late night television show "Conan", and was used as the opening song at the 2012 MTV Movie Awards.
The song is featured in the music video game, "Rock Band Blitz".
The song won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year at the 55th Grammy Awards, where it was also a nominee for Record of the Year and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance.
Article: Nordic combined
Section: Cross-country skiing equipment

Question: What is the maximum length of cross country skis?

 Bindings
 Bindings secure only the toe of the boot to the ski.
 Boots
 The skating shoe is fixed to the ski with a binding, holding the toe firm.
The rear of the boot is built up to shore up the ankle, which is constantly under pressure in skating technique.
 Poles
 Long and straight, often reaching up as high as a competitor's nose, with a specially shaped basket designed to allow skiers to push hard and evacuate snow.
 Skis
 Narrower and lighter than those used in Alpine skiing.
They have long, curved ends and rise up slightly in the middle.
They can be up to 2 meters long.
 Suit
 Uses stretch fabric hugging the body, similar to a runner’s training clothing.
 Wax
 Glide wax is crucial, and determined by snow and weather conditions.