community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Vincent van Gogh
Section: Posthumous fame

Question: How much was Wheatfield with Cypresses sold for in 1993?

Posthumous fame.
Following his first exhibitions in the late 1880s, Van Gogh's fame grew steadily among colleagues, art critics, dealers and collectors.
After his death, memorial exhibitions were mounted in Brussels, Paris, The Hague and Antwerp.
In the early 20th century, there were retrospectives in Paris (1901 and 1905), and Amsterdam (1905), and important group exhibitions in Cologne (1912), New York (1913) and Berlin (1914).
These had a noticeable impact on later generations of artists.
By the mid 20th century Van Gogh was seen as one of the greatest and most recognizable painters in history.
In 2007 a group of Dutch historians compiled the "Canon of Dutch History" to be taught in schools and included Van Gogh as one of the fifty topics of the canon, alongside other national icons such as Rembrandt and De Stijl.
Together with those of Pablo Picasso, Van Gogh's works are among the world's most expensive paintings ever sold, based on data from auctions and private sales.
Those sold for over US$100 million (today's equivalent) include Portrait of Dr. Gachet, Portrait of Joseph Roulin and Irises.
A Wheatfield with Cypresses was sold in 1993 for US$57 million, a spectacularly high price at the time, while his Self Portrait with Bandaged Ear was sold privately in the late 1990s for an estimated US$80/$90 million.
A newly discovered painting by the Dutch artist was publicly unveiled on September 10, 2013, after it was retrieved from the attic of a Norwegian collector who misjudged the work as a fraud following its purchase in 1908.
"Sunset at Montmajour" is a large oil landscape painting and, as of September 24, 2013, is displayed at Amsterdam's Van Gogh Museum.
Article: Baseball
Section: Other personnel

Question: Who are managers typically assisted by?

The manager, or head coach of a team, oversees the team's major strategic decisions, such as establishing the starting rotation, setting the lineup, or batting order, before each game, and making substitutions during games—in particular, bringing in relief pitchers.
Managers are typically assisted by two or more coaches; they may have specialized responsibilities, such as working with players on hitting, fielding, pitching, or strength and conditioning.
At most levels of organized play, two coaches are stationed on the field when the team is at bat: the first base coach and third base coach, occupying designated coaches' boxes just outside the foul lines, assist in the direction of baserunners when the ball is in play, and relay tactical signals from the manager to batters and runners during pauses in play.
In contrast to many other team sports, baseball managers and coaches generally wear their team's uniforms; coaches must be in uniform in order to be allowed on the playing field during a game.
Any baseball game involves one or more umpires, who make rulings on the outcome of each play.
At a minimum, one umpire will stand behind the catcher, to have a good view of the strike zone, and call balls and strikes.
Additional umpires may be stationed near the other bases, thus making it easier to judge plays such as attempted force outs and tag outs.
In Major League Baseball, four umpires are used for each game, one near each base.
In the playoffs, six umpires are used: one at each base and two in the outfield along the foul lines.
Article: Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy
Section: 1968 election

Question: If Kennedy survived, would he have gone on to receive his party nomination?

At the time of his death, Kennedy was substantially behind Humphrey in convention delegate support, but many believe that Kennedy would have ultimately secured the nomination following his victory in the California primary.
Only thirteen states held primaries that year, meaning that most delegates at the Democratic convention could choose a candidate based on their personal preference.
Historian Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. and others have argued that Kennedy's broad appeal and charisma would have been sufficiently convincing at the 1968 Democratic National Convention to give him the nomination.
Historian Michael Beschloss believed, however, that Kennedy would not have secured the nomination.
Humphrey, after a National Convention in Chicago marred by violence in the streets, was far behind in opinion polls but gained ground.
He ultimately lost the general election to Republican Richard Nixon by the narrow popular vote margin of 43.4% to 42.7%.
Nixon won by a more decisive 301-191 margin in the electoral vote.
Article: The Vampire Diaries
Section: Series overview

Question: What is the name of the vempire that Elena Gilbert falls in love with?

The series follows the life of Elena Gilbert (Nina Dobrev), a teenage girl who falls deeply in love with a 163-year-old vampire named Stefan Salvatore (Paul Wesley).
Their relationship becomes increasingly complicated as Stefan's vicious and malevolent older brother Damon Salvatore (Ian Somerhalder) returns with a plan to wreak havoc on the town, seeking revenge against his younger brother for turning him into a vampire against his will.
Both brothers begin to show affection towards Elena, mainly because of her resemblance to their past love Katherine Pierce.
It is revealed that Elena is a descendant of Katherine, who eventually returns with plans against the trio.
Elena undergoes many hardships and deaths of close family members and loved ones through her high school experience.
The series is set in the fictional town of Mystic Falls, Virginia, a town charged with supernatural history since its settlement of migrants from New England in the late 19th century.
Additional story lines revolve around the other inhabitants of the town, most notably Elena's younger brother Jeremy Gilbert (Steven R. McQueen), her best friends Bonnie Bennett (Katerina Graham) and Caroline Forbes (Candice Accola), and their mutual friends Tyler Lockwood (Michael Trevino) and Matt Donovan (Zach Roerig).
The town's politics are orchestrated by descendants of the original founding families, all comprising a "Founders' Council".
Some of the founding families of Mystic Falls include the Salvatores, the Gilberts, the Fells, the Forbes, and the Lockwoods.
They guard the town mainly from vampires, although there are many more supernatural threats such as werewolves, witches, ghosts, Originals and hybrids.
Article: Las Vegas Strip
Section: Free shuttles

Question: How much time is in between the shuttle between Trump International and the Forum Shops?

Some of the shuttles have a policy requiring a room key from an affiliated casino.
Enforcement of these policies may vary.
 Between Harrah's and the Rio.
Approximately every 30 minutes.
 Between Sam's Town and Bill's Gamblin' Hall, Harrah's, Riviera, and Tropicana.
Approximately every hour and a half.
 Between Paris/Bally's and the Rio.
Approximately every 30 minutes.
 Between Hard Rock and the Fashion Show Mall.
Leaves the Hard Rock every 60 minutes on the hour.
 Between Trump International Hotel and The Forum Shops at Caesars Palace.
Leaves the Trump Las Vegas every 15 minutes.
 Between Trump International Hotel and the Wynn.
Leaves the Trump Las Vegas every 15 minutes.
Article: Ski jumping
Section: History

Question: At the first ski jumping competition, how many jumps were participants required to complete without failing?

Ski jumping as a sport originated in Norway.
Norwegian lieutenant Olaf Rye was the first known ski jumper.
In 1809, he launched himself 9.5 meters in the air as a show of courage to his fellow soldiers.
By 1862, ski jumpers were facing much larger jumps and traveling longer.
The very first recorded public competition was held at Trysil, Norway, on 22 January 1862.
At this first competition, judges already awarded points for style ("elegance and smoothness"), participants had to complete three jumps without falling and rules were agreed upon in advance.
It is clear from the news report published in Morgenbladet that the ski jumping in Trysild was entertainment, but also a national, competitive sports event.
The first known female ski jumper participated at the Trysil competition in 1863.
Norway's Sondre Norheim jumped 30 meters without the benefit of poles.
In 1866, the first skiing event held in Christiania near Old Aker Church was a combined cross country, slalom and jumping competition, and attracted an audience of some 2,000 people.
Sondre Norheim won his first competition in Christiania in 1868.
The first widely known ski jumping competition was the Husebyrennene, held in Oslo in 1879, with Olaf Haugann of Norway setting the first world record for the longest ski jump at 20 meters.
Explorer Fridtjof Nansen was a skilled skier and was number 7 in the 1881 competition at Huseby.
Until 1884–1886 jumping and cross-country was a single integrated competition: In 1886 at Huseby cross-country and jumping were held on separate days, and final results were calculated from the combined achievements (similar to present nordic combined).
The annual event was moved to Holmenkollen from 1892, and Holmenkollen has remained the pinnacle of ski jumping venues.
To distinguish ski jumping competition only from Nordic combined, it is still referred to as "spesielt hopprenn" in Norwegian (ski jumping only).
According to the International Olympic Committee's site:Ski jumping has been part of the Olympic Winter Games since the first Games in Chamonix Mont-Blanc in 1924.
The Large Hill competition was included on the Olympic programme for the 1964 Olympic Games in Innsbruck.
In 1929, Norwegian instructors arrived in Sapporo to train the Japanese in ski jumping.
Article: Battle of Austerlitz
Section: Endgame

Question: Who's men stopped the Russian assult and allowed Murat to send two cuirassier divisions?

Meanwhile, the northernmost part of the battlefield was also witnessing heavy fighting.
Prince Liechtenstein's heavy cavalry began to assault Kellerman's lighter cavalry forces after eventually arriving at the correct position in the field.
The fighting initially went well for the French, but Kellerman's forces took cover behind General Caffarelli's infantry division once it became clear Russian numbers were too great.
Caffarelli's men halted the Russian assaults and permitted Murat to send two cuirassier divisions (one commanded by d'Hautpoul and the other one by Nansouty) into the fray to finish off the Russian cavalry for good.
The ensuing mêlée was bitter and long, but the French ultimately prevailed.
Lannes then led his V Corps against Bagration's men and after hard fighting managed to drive the skilled Russian commander off the field.
He wanted to pursue, but Murat, who was in control of this sector in the battlefield, was against the idea.
Napoleon's focus now shifted towards the southern end of the battlefield where the French and the Allies were still fighting over Sokolnitz and Telnitz.
In an effective double-pronged assault, St. Hilaire's division and part of Davout's III Corps smashed through the enemy at Sokolnitz and persuaded the commanders of the first two columns, Generals Kienmayer and Langeron, to flee as fast as they could.
Buxhowden, the commander of the Allied left and the man responsible for leading the attack, was completely drunk and fled as well.
Kienmayer covered his withdrawal with the O'Reilly light cavalry, who gallantly managed to defeat five of six French cavalry regiments before they too had to retreat.
General panic now seized the Allied army and it abandoned the field in all possible directions.
A famous episode occurred during this retreat: Russian forces that had been defeated by the French right withdrew south towards Vienna via the Satschan frozen ponds.
French artillery pounded towards the men, and the ice was broken due to the bombardment.
The men drowned in the cold ponds, dozens of Russian artillery pieces going down with them.
Estimates of how many guns were captured differ: there may have been as few as 38 or more than 100.
Sources also differ about casualties, with figures ranging between 200 and 2,000 dead.
Many drowning Russians were saved by their victorious foes.
However, local evidence, only later made public, suggests that Napoleon's account of the catastrophe may have been totally invented; on the emperor's instructions the lakes were drained a few days after the battle and the corpses of only two or three men, with some 150 horses, were found.
Article: Rolling in the Deep
Section: Track listing

Question: who authored the song "If It Hadn't Been for Love"?

Digital download
"Rolling in the Deep" – 3:48
Digital EP
"Rolling in the Deep" – 3:48
"Rolling in the Deep (Jamie xx Shuffle)" – 4:17
"Rolling in the Deep (Acapella)" – 3:56
"Rolling in the Deep (Avicii Remix)" – 4:25
CD single
"Rolling in the Deep" – 3:48
"If It Hadn't Been for Love" (written by Mike Henderson and Chris Stapleton) – 3:09
Article: Tokyo Disneyland
Section: Abstract

Question: In 2009, how many guests were hosted at Disneyland?

There are seven themed areas in the park: the World Bazaar; the four classic Disney lands: Adventureland, Westernland, Fantasyland and Tomorrowland; and two mini-lands: Critter Country and Mickey's Toontown.
Many of the games and rides in these areas mirror those in the original Disneyland as they are based on American Disney films and fantasies.
Fantasyland includes Peter Pan's Flight, Snow White's Scary Adventures, Dumbo the Flying Elephant, and more based on classic Disney films and characters.
The park is noted for its extensive open spaces, to accommodate the large crowds that visit the park.
In 2009, Tokyo Disneyland hosted approximately 13.65 million guests, ranking it as the third-most visited theme park in the world, behind its American sister parks, Magic Kingdom in Orlando and Disneyland Park in Anaheim.
In 2011, the park hosted 14 million visitors, again ranking it as the world's third most visited theme park.
Article: Salvador Dalí
Section: Literary works

Question: Who was Veronica's on-and-off again lover in Salvador Dali's "Hidden Faces"?

Under the encouragement of poet Federico García Lorca, Dalí attempted an approach to a literary career through the means of the "pure novel".
In his literary production "Hidden Faces" (1944), Dalí describes, in vividly visual terms, the intrigues and love affairs of a group of dazzling, eccentric aristocrats who, with their luxurious and extravagant lifestyle, symbolize the decadence of the 1930s.
The Comte de Grainsalles and Solange de Cléda pursue an awkward love affair, but property transactions, interwar political turmoil, the French Resistance, his marriage to another woman and her responsibilities as a landowner and businesswoman drive them apart.
It is variously set in Paris, rural France, Casablanca in North Africa and Palm Springs in the United States.
Secondary characters include ageing widow Barbara Rogers, her bisexual daughter Veronica, Veronica's sometime female lover Betka, and Baba, a disfigured US fighter pilot.
The novel concludes at the end of the Second World War, with Solange dying before Grainsalles can return to his former property and reunite with her His other, nonfictional literary works include "The Secret Life of Salvador Dalí" (1942), "Diary of a Genius" (1952–63), and "Oui: The Paranoid-Critical Revolution " (1927–33).
Article: Black hole
Section: X-ray binaries

Question: What are X-ray binaries?

X-ray binaries are binary star systems that are luminous in the X-ray part of the spectrum.
These X-ray emissions are generally thought to be caused by one of the component stars being a compact object accreting matter from the other (regular) star.
The presence of an ordinary star in such a system provides a unique opportunity for studying the central object and determining if it might be a black hole.
If such a system emits signals that can be directly traced back to the compact object, it cannot be a black hole.
The absence of such a signal does, however, not exclude the possibility that the compact object is a neutron star.
By studying the companion star it is often possible to obtain the orbital parameters of the system and obtain an estimate for the mass of the compact object.
If this is much larger than the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit (that is, the maximum mass a neutron star can have before collapsing) then the object cannot be a neutron star and is generally expected to be a black hole.
The first strong candidate for a black hole, Cygnus X-1, was discovered in this way by Charles Thomas Bolton, Louise Webster and Paul Murdin in 1972.
Some doubt, however, remained due to the uncertainties resultant from the companion star being much heavier than the candidate black hole.
Currently, better candidates for black holes are found in a class of X-ray binaries called soft X-ray transients.
In this class of system the companion star is relatively low mass allowing for more accurate estimates in the black hole mass.
Moreover, these systems are only active in X-ray for several months once every 10–50 years.
During the period of low X-ray emission (called quiescence), the accretion disc is extremely faint allowing for detailed observation of the companion star during this period.
One of the best such candidates is V404 Cyg.
Article: Silver Linings Playbook
Section: Release

Question: What year did the film "Silver Linings Playbook" premier?

The film premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2012, where it won the People's Choice Award.
It received a limited release in the United States on November 16, 2012, opening wider later that week.
It also opened at the 2012 Mumbai Film Festival on October 18, 2012.
The Weinstein Company initially planned an unusually wide release for "Silver Linings Playbook", going nationwide on an estimated 2,000 screens.
They were encouraged by positive reviews and hoping to capitalize on Thanksgiving to do more business.
Instead, they took a more slow-burn approach, opening in fewer theaters, expanding gradually, in a strategy to build up word-of-mouth support.
Continuing the slow release the film expanded to 700 theaters on December 25.
Article: American Gothic
Section: Creation

Question: Who said Sharp sketched the house on the back of an envelope in 1973?

In August 1930, Grant Wood, an American painter with European training, was driven around Eldon, Iowa by a young painter from Eldon, John Sharp, looking for inspiration.
Wood noticed the Dibble House, a small white house built in the Carpenter Gothic architectural style.
Sharp's brother suggested in 1973 that it was on this drive that Wood first sketched the house on the back of an envelope.
Wood's earliest biographer, Darrell Garwood, noted that Wood "thought it a form of borrowed pretentiousness, a structural absurdity, to put a Gothic-style window in such a flimsy frame house."
At the time, Wood classified it as one of the "cardboardy frame houses on Iowa farms" and considered it "very paintable".
After obtaining permission from the Jones family, the house's owners, Wood made a sketch the next day in oil on paperboard from the house's front yard.
This sketch displayed a steeper roof and a longer window with a more pronounced ogive than on the actual house, features which eventually adorned the final work.
Wood decided to paint the house along with "the kind of people I fancied should live in that house."
He recruited his sister Nan (1899–1990) to model the woman, dressing her in a colonial print apron mimicking 19th-century Americana.
The man is modeled on Wood's dentist, Dr. Byron McKeeby (1867–1950) from Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
The three-pronged hay fork is echoed in the stitching of the man's overalls, the Gothic window of the house, and the structure of the man's face.
However, Wood did not add figures to his sketch until he returned to his studio in Cedar Rapids.
He would not return to Eldon again before his death in 1942, although he did request a photograph of the home to complete his painting.
Article: Judo
Section: Founding of the Kodokan

Question: WHen did Kano give first grades?

In February 1882, Kano founded a school and dojo at the , a Buddhist temple in what was then the Shitaya ward of Tokyo (now the Higashi Ueno district of Taitō ward).
Iikubo, Kano's "Kitō-ryū" instructor, attended the dojo three days a week to help teach and, although two years would pass before the temple would be called by the name , and Kano had not yet received his in "Kitō-ryū", this is now regarded as the Kodokan founding.
The "Eisho-ji" dojo was a relatively small affair, consisting of a twelve mat training area.
Kano took in resident and non-resident students, the first two being Tsunejiro Tomita and Shiro Saigo.
In August, the following year, the pair were granted grades, the first that had been awarded in any martial art.
Article: Chocolate brownie
Section: Myths about creation

Question: How many myths are there about the creation of the brownie?

There are three main myths about the creation of the brownie.
The first, that a chef accidentally added melted chocolate to biscuit dough.
The second, a cook forgot to add flour to the batter.
And thirdly, the most popular belief, that a housewife did not have baking powder and improvised with this new treat.
It was said that she was baking for guests and decided to serve these flattened cakes to them.
All three myths have gained popularity throughout the years.
Article: Periodic table
Section: Mendeleev's table

Question: What year did an extended version of Meyer's table appear?

Russian chemistry professor Dmitri Mendeleev and German chemist Julius Lothar Meyer independently published their periodic tables in 1869 and 1870, respectively.
Mendeleev's table was his first published version; that of Meyer was an expanded version of his (Meyer's) table of 1864.
They both constructed their tables by listing the elements in rows or columns in order of atomic weight and starting a new row or column when the characteristics of the elements began to repeat.
The recognition and acceptance afforded to Mendeleev's table came from two decisions he made.
The first was to leave gaps in the table when it seemed that the corresponding element had not yet been discovered.
Mendeleev was not the first chemist to do so, but he was the first to be recognized as using the trends in his periodic table to predict the properties of those missing elements, such as gallium and germanium.
The second decision was to occasionally ignore the order suggested by the atomic weights and switch adjacent elements, such as tellurium and iodine, to better classify them into chemical families.
With the development of theories of atomic structure, it became apparent that Mendeleev had unintentionally listed the elements in order of increasing atomic number or nuclear charge.
The significance of atomic numbers to the organization of the periodic table was not appreciated until the existence and properties of protons and neutrons became understood.
Mendeleev's periodic tables used atomic weight instead of atomic number to organize the elements, information determinable to fair precision in his time.
Atomic weight worked well enough in most cases to (as noted) give a presentation that was able to predict the properties of missing elements more accurately than any other method then known.
Substitution of atomic numbers, once understood, gave a definitive, integer-based sequence for the elements, still used today even as new synthetic elements are being produced and studied.