community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Mexico
Section: Conquest (1519)

Question: what was the number of conquistadores in the aztec capital?

Conquest (1519).
The Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire began in February 1519 when Hernán Cortés arrived at the port in Veracruz with ca.
500 conquistadores, and later moved on to the Aztec capital.
On his search for gold and other riches, Cortés decided to invade and conquer the Aztec empire.
The ruler of the Aztec empire upon the arrival of the Spaniards was Moctezuma II, who was later killed; his successor and brother Cuitláhuac took control of the Aztec empire, but was among the first to fall from the smallpox epidemic a short time later.
Unintentionally introduced by Spanish conquerors, smallpox ravaged Mesoamerica in the 1520s, killing more than 3 million Aztecs.
Other sources, however, mentioned that the death toll of the Aztecs might have reached up to 15 million (out of a population of less than 30 million).
Severely weakened, the Aztec empire was easily defeated by Cortés and his forces on his second return.
Smallpox was a devastating and selective disease—it generally killed Aztecs but not Spaniards, who as Europeans had already been exposed to it for centuries and were therefore much more immune to it.
The deaths caused by smallpox are believed to have triggered a rapid growth of Christianity in Mexico and the Americas.
At first, the Aztecs believed the epidemic was a punishment from an angry god, but they later accepted their fate and no longer resisted the Spanish rule.
Many of the surviving Aztecs blamed the cause of smallpox to the superiority of the Christian god, which resulted in the acceptance of Catholicism and yielding to the Spanish rule throughout Mexico.
The territory became part of the Spanish Empire under the name of New Spain.
Mexico City was systematically rebuilt by Cortés following the Fall of Tenochtitlan in 1521.
Much of the identity, traditions and architecture of Mexico were created during the colonial period.
Article: Denmark
Section: Painting and photography

Question: What influenced the Danish Golden Age's art?

While Danish art was influenced over the centuries by trends in Germany and the Netherlands, the 15th- and 16th-century church frescos, which can be seen in many of the country's older churches, are of particular interest as they were painted in a style typical of native Danish painters.
The Danish Golden Age, which began in the first half of the 19th century, was inspired by a new feeling of nationalism and romanticism.
Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg was not only a productive artist in his own right but taught at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts where his students included notable painters such as Wilhelm Bendz, Christen Købke, Martinus Rørbye, Constantin Hansen, and Wilhelm Marstrand.
The sculpture of Bertel Thorvaldsen was also significant during this period.
In 1871, Holger Drachmann and Karl Madsen visited Skagen in the far north of Jutland where they quickly built up one of Scandinavia's most successful artists' colonies specializing in Naturalism and Realism rather than in the traditional approach favoured by the Academy.
Hosted by Michael and his wife Anna, they were soon joined by P.S.
Krøyer, Carl Locher and Laurits Tuxen.
All participated in painting the natural surroundings and local people.
Similar trends developed on Funen with the "Fynboerne" who included Johannes Larsen, Fritz Syberg and Peter Hansen, and on the island of Bornholm with the Bornholm school of painters including Niels Lergaard, Kræsten Iversen and Oluf Høst.
Danish photography has developed from strong participation and interest in the very beginnings of the art in 1839 to the success of a considerable number of Danes in the world of photography today.
Pioneers such as Mads Alstrup and Georg Emil Hansen paved the way for a rapidly growing profession during the last half of the 19th century while both artistic and press photographers made internationally recognised contributions.
Today Danish photographers such as Astrid Kruse Jensen and Jacob Aue Sobol are active both at home and abroad, participating in key exhibitions around the world.
Collections of modern art enjoy unusually attractive settings at the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art north of Copenhagen and at the North Jutland Art Museum in Aalborg.
Notable artists include the Neo-Expressionist Per Kirkeby, Tal R with his wild and colorful paintings, Olafur Eliasson's space exhibitions and Jeppe Hein's installations.
Article: Salad
Section: Toppings and garnishes

Question: What are popular salad garnishes?

Popular salad garnishes are nuts, croutons, anchovies, bacon bits (real or imitation), garden beet,bell peppers, shredded carrots, diced celery, watercress, sliced cucumber, parsley, sliced mushrooms, sliced red onion, radish, french fries, sunflower seeds (shelled), real or artificial crab meat (surimi) and cherry tomatoes.
Various cheeses, berries, seeds and other ingredients can also be added to green salads.
Cheeses, in the form of cubes, crumbles, or grated, are often used, including blue cheese, Parmesan cheese, and feta cheese.
Color considerations are sometimes addressed by using edible flowers, red radishes, carrots, various colors of peppers, and other colorful ingredients.
Article: French fries
Section: France and other French-speaking countries

Question: Where did French Fries originate?

In France and other French-speaking countries, fried potatoes are formally "pommes de terre frites", but more commonly "pommes frites", "patates frites", or simply "frites".
The word ""aiguillettes"" or "allumettes" is used when the chips are very small and thin.
One enduring origin story holds that French Fries were invented by street vendors on the Pont Neuf bridge in Paris in 1789, just before the outbreak of the French revolution.
Eating potatoes was promoted in France by Parmentier, but he did not mention fried potatoes in particular.
Many Americans attribute the dish to France and offer as evidence a notation by U.S. President Thomas Jefferson.
""Pommes de terre frites à cru, en petites tranches"" ("Potatoes deep-fried while raw, in small cuttings") in a manuscript in Thomas Jefferson's hand (circa 1801–1809) and the recipe almost certainly comes from his French chef, Honoré Julien.
In addition, from 1813 on, recipes for what can be described as French fries occur in popular American cookbooks.
By the late 1850s, one of these uses the term "French fried potatoes".
"Frites" are the main ingredient in the Canadian dish of Québécois descent known in both Canadian English and French as poutine, consisting of fried potatoes covered with cheese curds and gravy, a dish with a growing number of variations.
Article: Electromagnetism
Section: Photoelectric effect

Question: What did Planck's results contradict with?

In another paper published in that same year, Albert Einstein undermined the very foundations of classical electromagnetism.
In his theory of the photoelectric effect (for which he won the Nobel prize for physics) and inspired by the idea of Max Planck's "quanta", he posited that light could exist in discrete particle-like quantities as well, which later came to be known as photons.
Einstein's theory of the photoelectric effect extended the insights that appeared in the solution of the ultraviolet catastrophe presented by Max Planck in 1900.
In his work, Planck showed that hot objects emit electromagnetic radiation in discrete packets ("quanta"), which leads to a finite total energy emitted as black body radiation.
Both of these results were in direct contradiction with the classical view of light as a continuous wave.
Planck's and Einstein's theories were progenitors of quantum mechanics, which, when formulated in 1925, necessitated the invention of a quantum theory of electromagnetism.
This theory, completed in the 1940s-1950s, is known as quantum electrodynamics (or "QED"), and, in situations where perturbation theory is applicable, is one of the most accurate theories known to physics.
Article: Body of Proof
Section: Recurring cast

Question: In the TV show "Body of Proof", who plays Aiden Wells?

 Jeffrey Nordling as Todd Fleming
 Joanna Cassidy as Joan Hunt
 Cliff Curtis as Derek Ames
 Nathalie Kelley as Dani Alvarez
 Jamie Bamber as Aiden Wells
 Luke Perry as CDC Officer/Health Commissioner Charlie Stafford
 Annie Wersching as Yvonne Kurtz
 Richard Burgi as District Attorney Dan Russell
 Lorraine Toussaint as Police Chief Angela Martin
 Marisa Ramirez as Officer Riley Dunn
 Micah Berkley as Officer James Wood
Article: Universal Orlando
Section: Universal Transit

Question: What is the internal transportation system often called at Universal Orlando?

Universal Orlando's internal transportation system is often dubbed "Universal Transit."
The system consists of water taxis, buses, escalators, elevators, moving walkways, and pathways which transport guests between the parking structure, hotels, CityWalk, the theme parks, and Wet 'n Wild.
Onsite hotel guests can get to the theme parks and CityWalk by either boarding a water taxi which will take them directly to CityWalk or may use walkways.
The dock at CityWalk is located at the center of CityWalk and can be accessed by theme park visitors via the bridges connecting CityWalk to the theme parks.
Along the pathways, bicycles also transport guests for an additional cost.
For guests who prefer not to use a water taxi or walk or wish to go to Wet 'n Wild, they will find shuttle transportation also available at the onsite hotels.
These stop at five locations: Loews Portofino Bay Hotel & Spa, Hard Rock Hotel, Loews Royal Pacific Resort, Universal Orlando theme parks, and Wet 'n Wild.
The resort also features two large parking structures, for day and night guests who need to park, connected by bridge to Citywalk and the theme parks.
Article: Leaning Tower of Pisa
Section: Timeline

Question: Where did the funds for the Leaning Tower of Pisa come from?

 On January 5, 1172, Donna Berta di Bernardo, a widow and resident of the house of dell'Opera di Santa Maria, bequeathed sixty soldi to the "Opera Campanilis petrarum Sancte Marie".
The sum was then used toward the purchase of a few stones which still form the base of the bell tower.
 On August 9, 1173, the foundations of the Tower were laid.
 Nearly four centuries later Giorgio Vasari wrote: "Guglielmo, according to what is being said, in year 1174 with Bonanno as sculptor, laid the foundations of the bell tower of the cathedral in Pisa.
"
 Giorgio Vasari indicates that Tommaso di Andrea Pisano was the designer of the belfry between 1360 and 1370.
 On December 27, 1233, the worker Benenato, son of Gerardo Bottici, oversaw the continuation of the construction of the bell tower.
 On February 23, 1260, Guido Speziale, son of Giovanni, a worker on the cathedral Santa Maria Maggiore, was elected to oversee the building of the Tower.
 On April 12, 1264, the master builder Giovanni di Simone and 23 workers went to the mountains close to Pisa to cut marble.
The cut stones were given to Rainaldo Speziale, worker of St. Francesco.
Article: United States
Section: Religion

Question: Which US state has the most mormons?

The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and forbids Congress from passing laws respecting its establishment.
Christianity is by far the most common religion practiced in the U.S., but other religions are followed, too.
In a 2013 survey, 56% of Americans said that religion played a "very important role in their lives", a far higher figure than that of any other wealthy nation.
In a 2009 Gallup poll 42% of Americans said that they attended church weekly or almost weekly; the figures ranged from a low of 23% in Vermont to a high of 63% in Mississippi.
According to a 2012 survey, 73% of adults identified themselves as Christian, down from 86.4% in 1990.
Protestant denominations accounted for 48%, while Roman Catholicism, at 22%, was the largest individual denomination.
The total reporting non-Christian religions in 2012 was 6%, up from 4% in 2007.
Other religions include Judaism (1.7%), Buddhism (0.7%), Islam (0.6%), Hinduism (0.4%), and Unitarian Universalism (0.3%).
The survey also reported that 19.6% of Americans described themselves as agnostic, atheist or simply having no religion, up from 8.2% in 1990.
There are also Baha'i, Sikh, Jain, Shinto, Confucian, Taoist, Druid, Native American, Wiccan, humanist and deist communities.
Protestantism is the largest group of religions in the United States, with Baptists being the largest Protestant sect, and the Southern Baptist Convention being the largest Protestant denomination in the U.S. Roman Catholicism in the U.S. has its origin in the Spanish and French colonization of the Americas, and later grew due to Irish, Italian, Polish, German and Hispanic immigration.
Rhode Island is the only state where the majority of the population is Catholic.
Lutheranism in the U.S. has its origin in immigration from Northern Europe.
North and South Dakota are the only states in which a plurality of the population is Lutheran.
Utah is the only state where Mormonism is the religion of the majority of the population.
Mormonism is also relatively common in parts of Idaho, Nevada and Wyoming.
The Bible Belt is an informal term for a region in the Southern United States in which socially conservative evangelical Protestantism is a significant part of the culture and Christian church attendance across the denominations is generally higher than the nation's average.
By contrast, religion plays the least important role in New England and in the Western United States.
As with other Western countries, the U.S. is becoming less religious.
Irreligion is growing rapidly among Americans under 30.
Polls show that overall American confidence in organized religion is declining, and that younger Americans in particular are becoming increasingly irreligious.
Article: Victoria Peak
Section: Tourism

Question: The Peak Lookout Restaurant is housed where?

With some seven million visitors every year, the Peak is a major tourist attraction of Hong Kong.
It offers spectacular views of the city and its harbours.
The viewing deck also has coin operated telescopes that the visitors can use to enjoy the cityscape.
The number of visitors led to the construction of two major leisure and shopping centres, the Peak Tower and the Peak Galleria, situated adjacent to each other.
The Peak Tower incorporates the upper station of the Peak Tram, the funicular railway that brings passengers up from the St. John's Cathedral in Hong Kong's Central district, whilst the Peak Galleria incorporates the bus station used by the Hong Kong public buses and green minibuses on the Peak.
The Peak is also accessible by taxi and private car via the circuitous Peak Road, or by walking up the steep Old Peak Road from near the Zoological Botanical Gardens.
Victoria Peak Garden is located on the site of Mountain Lodge, the Governor's old summer residence, and is the closest publicly accessible point to the summit.
It can be reached from Victoria Gap by walking up Mount Austin Road, a climb of about .
Another popular walk is the level loop along Lugard Road, giving good views of Hong Kong's Central district and Kowloon, and then returning via Harlech Road, encircling the summit at the level of the Peak Tower.
There are several restaurants on Victoria Peak, most of which are located in the two shopping centres.
However, the Peak Lookout Restaurant, is housed in an older and more traditional building which was originally a spacious house for engineers working on the Peak Tramway.
It was rebuilt in 1901 as a stop area for sedan chairs, but was re-opened as a restaurant in 1947.
In addition to being a major tourist attraction for Hong Kong, The Peak is also the summit of Hong Kong's property market.
At the peak of The Peak, properties are more precious than anywhere else in the world.
Most of the super rich in Hong Kong - including Cheung Kong (Holdings) chairman Li Ka-shing and the Kwok brothers of Sun Hung Kai Properties - live in detached houses in Island South or The Peak.
A house at Barker Road (where Hong Kong's most expensive residential buildings are located) sold for HK$1.8 billion last year.
At $68,228 per square foot, it is the most expensive location in the world.
The buyer is reported to be a Hong Kong billionaire, Lee Shau-kee.
On January 12.
2014, a Barker Road property sold at over HK$100k (US$13k) per square foot for HK$690 million.
Article: Radiation therapy
Section: Effect on different types of cancer

Question: Can you give any examples of radiosensiting drugs?

Different cancers respond differently to radiation therapy.
The response of a cancer to radiation is described by its radiosensitivity.
Highly radiosensitive cancer cells are rapidly killed by modest doses of radiation.
These include leukemias, most lymphomas and germ cell tumors.
The majority of epithelial cancers are only moderately radiosensitive, and require a significantly higher dose of radiation (60-70 Gy) to achieve a radical cure.
Some types of cancer are notably radioresistant, that is, much higher doses are required to produce a radical cure than may be safe in clinical practice.
Renal cell cancer and melanoma are generally considered to be radioresistant.
It is important to distinguish the radiosensitivity of a particular tumor, which to some extent is a laboratory measure, from the radiation "curability" of a cancer in actual clinical practice.
For example, leukemias are not generally curable with radiation therapy, because they are disseminated through the body.
Lymphoma may be radically curable if it is localised to one area of the body.
Similarly, many of the common, moderately radioresponsive tumors are routinely treated with curative doses of radiation therapy if they are at an early stage.
For example: non-melanoma skin cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, cervical cancer, anal cancer, prostate cancer.
Metastatic cancers are generally incurable with radiation therapy because it is not possible to treat the whole body.
Before treatment, a CT scan is often performed to identify the tumor and surrounding normal structures.
The patient is then sent for a simulation so that molds can be created to be used during treatment.
The patient receives small skin marks to guide the placement of treatment fields.
The response of a tumor to radiation therapy is also related to its size.
For complex reasons, very large tumors respond less well to radiation than smaller tumors or microscopic disease.
Various strategies are used to overcome this effect.
The most common technique is surgical resection prior to radiation therapy.
This is most commonly seen in the treatment of breast cancer with wide local excision or mastectomy followed by adjuvant radiation therapy.
Another method is to shrink the tumor with neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radical radiation therapy.
A third technique is to enhance the radiosensitivity of the cancer by giving certain drugs during a course of radiation therapy.
Examples of radiosensiting drugs include: Cisplatin, Nimorazole, and Cetuximab.
Article: Batman Begins
Section: Abstract

Question: On opening weekend, what were the earnings for Batman Begins?

Batman Begins is a 2005 British-American superhero film based on the fictional DC Comics character Batman, co-written and directed by Christopher Nolan.
It stars Christian Bale as Batman along with Michael Caine, Liam Neeson, Katie Holmes, Gary Oldman, and Morgan Freeman.
The film reboots the "Batman" film series, telling the origin story of the character from Bruce Wayne's initial fear of bats, the death of his parents, his journey to become Batman, and his fight against Ra's al Ghul's plot to destroy Gotham City.
It draws inspiration from classic comic book storylines such as "The Man Who Falls", ', and '.
After a series of unsuccessful projects to resurrect Batman on screen following the 1997 critical failure of "Batman & Robin", Nolan and David S. Goyer began to work on the film in early 2003 and aimed for a darker and more realistic tone, with humanity and realism being the basis of the film.
The goal was to get the audience to care for both Batman and Bruce Wayne.
The film, which was primarily shot in Iceland and Chicago, relied on traditional stunts and miniatures – computer-generated imagery was used minimally.
"Batman Begins" was both critically and commercially successful.
The film opened on June 17, 2005, in the United States and Canada in 3,858 theaters.
It grossed $48 million in its opening weekend in North America, eventually grossing over $372 million worldwide.
The film received critical acclaim and has been considered by many as one of the best superhero films ever made.
Critics noted that fear was a common motif throughout the film, and remarked that it had a darker tone compared with previous "Batman" films.
The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography and three BAFTA awards.
The film is followed by "The Dark Knight" (2008) and "The Dark Knight Rises" (2012) in a continual story-arc, which has later been referred to as "The Dark Knight" trilogy.
Article: We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together
Section: Live performances

Question: For which event, located in Cannes, France, did Taylor Swift perform We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together?

 Swift performed the song live for the first time at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards on September 6, 2012, which was held at the Staples Center in Los Angeles.
Swift was the last performance of the night and, wearing a red and white striped shirt and black shorts, began her performance in an area resembling a recording studio before taking the stage along with her back-up singers, dancers and band (in animal costumes) took the stage.
 Swift also performed the song live at the iHeartRadio Music Festival.
 She performed the song on the British version of "The X Factor" on October 14, 2012.
 Swift performed the song on the German TV show "Schlag Den Raab".
 On January 25, 2013, Swift performed "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" at the Los Premios 40 Principales in Spain.
 The next day, she performed it in Cannes, France during the NRJ Music Awards.
 On February 10, 2013, Swift performed the song at the 2013 Grammy Awards, opening the ceremony.
 She performs the song on her Red Tour nightly as the finale.
Article: Vincent van Gogh
Section: Posthumous fame

Question: Where is the "Sunset at Montmajour" currently displayed?

Posthumous fame.
Following his first exhibitions in the late 1880s, Van Gogh's fame grew steadily among colleagues, art critics, dealers and collectors.
After his death, memorial exhibitions were mounted in Brussels, Paris, The Hague and Antwerp.
In the early 20th century, there were retrospectives in Paris (1901 and 1905), and Amsterdam (1905), and important group exhibitions in Cologne (1912), New York (1913) and Berlin (1914).
These had a noticeable impact on later generations of artists.
By the mid 20th century Van Gogh was seen as one of the greatest and most recognizable painters in history.
In 2007 a group of Dutch historians compiled the "Canon of Dutch History" to be taught in schools and included Van Gogh as one of the fifty topics of the canon, alongside other national icons such as Rembrandt and De Stijl.
Together with those of Pablo Picasso, Van Gogh's works are among the world's most expensive paintings ever sold, based on data from auctions and private sales.
Those sold for over US$100 million (today's equivalent) include Portrait of Dr. Gachet, Portrait of Joseph Roulin and Irises.
A Wheatfield with Cypresses was sold in 1993 for US$57 million, a spectacularly high price at the time, while his Self Portrait with Bandaged Ear was sold privately in the late 1990s for an estimated US$80/$90 million.
A newly discovered painting by the Dutch artist was publicly unveiled on September 10, 2013, after it was retrieved from the attic of a Norwegian collector who misjudged the work as a fraud following its purchase in 1908.
"Sunset at Montmajour" is a large oil landscape painting and, as of September 24, 2013, is displayed at Amsterdam's Van Gogh Museum.