community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Donatello
Section: Work in Florence

Question: When was "Saint George" finished?

In Florence, Donatello assisted Lorenzo Ghiberti with the statues of prophets for the north door of the Florence Baptistery, for which he received payment in November 1406 and early 1408.
In 1409–1411 he executed the colossal seated figure of "Saint John the Evangelist", which until 1588 occupied a niche of the old cathedral façade, and is now placed in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo.
This work marks a decisive step forward from late Gothic Mannerism in the search for naturalism and the rendering of human feelings.
The face, the shoulders and the bust are still idealized, while the hands and the fold of cloth over the legs are more realistic.
In 1411–1413, Donatello worked on a statue of St. Mark for the guild church of Orsanmichele.
In 1417 he completed the "Saint George" for the Confraternity of the Cuirass-makers.
The elegant "St. George and the Dragon" relief on the statue's base, executed in schiacciato (a very low bas-relief) is one of the first examples of central-point perspective in sculpture.
From 1423 is the "Saint Louis of Toulouse" for the Orsanmichele, now in the Museum of the Basilica di Santa Croce.
Donatello had also sculpted the classical frame for this work, which remains, while the statue was moved in 1460 and replaced by "Incredulity of Saint Thomas" by Verrocchio.
Between 1415 and 1426, Donatello created five statues for the campanile of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, also known as the Duomo.
These works are the "Beardless Prophet"; "Bearded Prophet" (both from 1415); the "Sacrifice of Isaac" (1421); "Habbakuk" (1423–1425); and "Jeremiah" (1423–1426); which follow the classical models for orators and are characterized by strong portrait details.
From the late teens is the "Pazzi Madonna" relief in Berlin.
In 1425, he executed the notable "Crucifix" for Santa Croce; this work portrays Christ in a moment of the agony, eyes and mouth partially opened, the body contracted in an ungraceful posture.
From 1425–1427, Donatello collaborated with Michelozzo on the funerary monument of the Antipope John XXIII for the Battistero in Florence.
Donatello made the recumbent bronze figure of the deceased, under a shell.
In 1427, he completed in Pisa a marble relief for the funerary monument of Cardinal Rainaldo Brancacci at the church of Sant'Angelo a Nilo in Naples.
In the same period, he executed the relief of the "Feast of Herod" and the statues of "Faith" and "Hope" for the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Siena.
The relief is mostly in "stiacciato", with the foreground figures are done in bas-relief.
Article: Vitruvian Man
Section: Derivative works

Question: Who edited the 1521 edition of De Architectura?

The "Vitruvian Man" has inspired a number of derivative works:
 Cesare Cesariano (1521) who edited the important 1521 edition of "De Architectura" of Vitruvius (Leonardo da Vinci is supposed to have provided the illustrations for this edition).
 Albrecht Dürer (1528) in his book "Vier Bücher von menschlicher Proportion" (four books on human proportions)
 Pietro di Giacomo Cataneo (1554)
 Heinrich Lautensack (1618)
 William Blake (1795) "Glad Day", now known as "Albion rose".
This representation is without the circle and square.
 The Italian 1 euro coin
Article: Where Have You Been
Section: Track listing

Question: How long is the "Where Have You Been" (Hardwell Club Mix)" track?

;Digital download
"Where Have You Been" — 4:03
;The Calvin Harris Extended Remix - Digital download
"Where Have You Been" (The Calvin Harris Extended Remix) — 6:01
;Germany, Austria and Switzerland CD single 
"Where Have You Been" (Album Version) — 4:02
"Where Have You Been" (Hector Fonseca Radio Edit) — 3:57
;International Remixes EP
"Where Have You Been" (Hardwell Club Mix) — 6:34
"Where Have You Been" (Papercha$er Remix) — 6:35
"Where Have You Been" (Hector Fonseca Radio Edit) — 3:57
"Where Have You Been" (Vice Edit) — 3:39
;U.S. Remixes EP
"Where Have You Been" (Hardwell Club Mix) — 6:34
"Where Have You Been" (Hardwell Instrumental) — 6:34
"Where Have You Been" (Papercha$er Remix) — 6:35
"Where Have You Been" (Papercha$er Instrumental) — 6:34
"Where Have You Been" (Hector Fonseca Radio Edit) — 3:56
"Where Have You Been" (Hector Fonseca Remix) — 8:00
"Where Have You Been" (Hector Fonseca Dub) — 6:38
"Where Have You Been" (Vice Club Mix) — 5:35
"Where Have You Been" (Vice Instrumental) — 5:36
Article: Chile
Section: 21st century

Question: Who was the first woman president of Chile?

Frei Ruiz-Tagle was succeeded in 2000 by Socialist Ricardo Lagos, who won the presidency in an unprecedented runoff election against Joaquín Lavín of the rightist Alliance for Chile.
In January 2006, Chileans elected their first female president, Michelle Bachelet Jeria, of the Socialist Party, defeating Sebastián Piñera, of the National Renewal party, extending the "Concertación" governance for another four years.
In January 2010, Chileans elected Sebastián Piñera as the first rightist President in 20 years, defeating former President Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle of the "Concertación", for a four-year term succeeding Bachelet.
On 27 February 2010, Chile was struck by an 8.8 MW earthquake, the fifth largest ever recorded at the time.
More than 500 people died (most from the ensuing tsunami) and over a million people lost their homes.
The earthquake was also followed by multiple aftershocks.
Initial damage estimates were in the range of US$15–30 billion, around 10 to 15 percent of Chile's real gross domestic product.
Chile achieved global recognition for the successful rescue of 33 trapped miners in 2010.
On 5 August 2010 the access tunnel collapsed at the San Jose copper and gold mine in the Atacama Desert near Copiapó in northern Chile, trapping 33 men below ground.
A rescue effort organized by the Chilean government located the miners 17 days later.
All 33 men were brought to the surface on 13 October 2010 over a period of almost 24 hours, an effort that was carried on live television around the world.
Article: It Will Rain
Section: Writing and production

Question: What artist sang the song "It Will Rain"?

"It Will Rain" is a love ballad co-written and produced by Bruno Mars and his songwriting and production team, The Smeezingtons.
The soundtrack disc hit stores on November 8, 2011.
Bruno described the new song as "think of the darker side of love".
the song was highly popular and successful.
Mars and his label Elektra Records celebrated the singer’s fourth #1 single on the "Billboard" Top 40 chart with this song.
"It Will Rain" is featured in the end credits of "".
Mars said the tune was halfway done before he viewed an early cut of the film and, inspired by its characters, put together the finishing touches.
Alexandra Patsavas, music supervisor for the "Twilight" films, said she picked Mars because the latest film centered on a wedding and, "Who more appropriate than Bruno Mars to write a timeless, classic wedding song?
"The singer recalls having to literally turn off the radio when hearing his song "It Will Rain" (written for 2011's "Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 1") because of his displeasure with the track's final mix.
"I felt like I was a mosquito singing," Mars says with noticeable agitation.
"I don't want that to happen again."
Article: Scuba diving
Section: Rebreather

Question: Why are rebreathers useful for such things as underwater photography and covert work?

Less common are closed circuit (CCR) and semi-closed (SCR) rebreathers, which unlike open-circuit sets that vent off all exhaled gases, process all or part of each exhaled breath for re-use by removing the carbon dioxide and replacing the oxygen used by the diver.
Rebreathers release little or no gas bubbles into the water, and use much less stored gas volume, for an equivalent depth and time because exhaled oxygen is recovered; this has advantages for research, military, photography, and other applications.
Rebreathers are more complex and more expensive than open-circuit scuba, and special training and correct maintenance are required for them to be safely used, due to the larger variety of potential failure modes.
In a closed-circuit rebreather the oxygen partial pressure in the rebreather is controlled, so it can be maintained at a safe continuous maximum, which reduces the inert gas (nitrogen and/or helium) partial pressure in the breathing loop.
Minimising the inert gas loading of the diver's tissues for a given dive profile reduces the decompression obligation.
This requires continuous monitoring of actual partial pressures with time and for maximum effectiveness requires real-time computer processing by the diver's decompression computer.
Decompression can be much reduced compared to fixed ratio gas mixes used in other scuba systems and, as a result, divers can stay down longer or require less time to decompress.
A semi-closed circuit rebreather injects a constant mass flow of a fixed breathing gas mixture into the breathing loop, or replaces a specific percentage of the respired volume, so the partial pressure of oxygen at any time during the dive depends on the diver's oxygen consumption and/or breathing rate.
Planning decompression requirements requires a more conservative approach for a SCR than for a CCR, but decompression computers with a real time oxygen partial pressure input can optimise decompression for these systems.
Because rebreathers produce very few bubbles, they do not disturb marine life or make a diver’s presence known at the surface; this is useful for underwater photography, and for covert work.
Article: Thailand
Section: Internet

Question: How many free wi-fi internet hotspots are in Bangkok?

In Bangkok, there are 23,000 free wi-fi internet hotspots provided to the public.
The Internet in Thailand also consists of 10Gbit/s high speed fiber-optic lines that can be leased and ISP's such as KIRZ that provide residential internet services.
The internet is censored by the Thai government, making some sites unreachable.
Organisations involved are the Royal Thai Police, the Communications Authority of Thailand, and the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology (MICT).
Article: Biochemistry
Section: Starting materials: the chemical elements of life

Question: What are some of the rare materials on Earth that are needed for life?

Around two dozen of the 92 naturally occurring chemical elements are essential to various kinds of biological life.
Most rare elements on Earth are not needed by life (exceptions being selenium and iodine), while a few common ones (aluminum and titanium) are not used.
Most organisms share element needs, but there are a few differences between plants and animals.
For example ocean algae use bromine but land plants and animals seem to need none.
All animals require sodium, but some plants do not.
Plants need boron and silicon, but animals may not (or may need ultra-small amounts).
Just six elements—carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, calcium, and phosphorus—make up almost 99% of the mass of a human body (see composition of the human body for a complete list).
In addition to the six major elements that compose most of the human body, humans require smaller amounts of possibly 18 more.
Article: The Office
Section: Abstract

Question: Who was the protagonist in the original UK version of The Office?

The Office is a popular mockumentary/cringe comedy sitcom that was first made in the United Kingdom and has now been remade in many other countries, with overall viewership in the hundreds of millions worldwide.
The original UK version was created by Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant.
It starred Gervais as the boss and main character.
First broadcast on BBC Two on 9 July 2001, the show ran for 14 episodes – two series of six episodes and a two-part Christmas special.
The longest running version is the U.S. version which ran for 9 seasons from 2005 to 2013.
The German version is also still in production and has seen 46 episodes over five seasons.
At least the UK and US versions share the same fictional universe.
In 2010, Gervais announced that work was starting on a Chinese version of "The Office".
Article: Sexy and I Know It
Section: Music video

Question: The YouTube video was taken down because of its sexual content.

The music video for "Sexy and I Know It" was filmed in Venice, California, and uploaded on LMFAO's YouTube channel on September 16, 2011.
It features Redfoo and a group of men including Hok from Quest Crew, The Shuffle Bot, and Q dancing around town in Speedos in front of women.
In several scenes it shows Redfoo lifting weights.
Chelsea Korka, Ron Jeremy, Wilmer Valderrama, Alistair Overeem, Victor Kim, Steve Terada, Jamie Foxx, Lola Blanc, Ryan Conferido, Hokuto "Hok" Konishi, Roseanne Barr, Ryan Feng of Quest Crew, Mindy Robinson of "Take Me Out", Angelo Marconi, Darren Mabee, Darla George, and Simon Rex all have cameos in the video.
One of the more memorable scenes is that of Redfoo, Q, the Shuffle Bot, and members of Quest Crew having a "wiggle off" with the "@SkysNuts" group.
After the wiggle off, it shows Redfoo taking off his speedo with another one under it and SkyBlu getting a baseball bat and trying to hit Redfoo with it.
After that, a variety of people from throughout the video are seen walking down a table surrounded by a crowd doing various things, along with people taking off their pants, dancing, and a man shaking his abdomen.
The music video on YouTube was flagged for sexual content.
The final shot of the video pays homage to the final shot of Michael Jackson's "Thriller" video: it shows the Shuffle Bot leaving with the girls while it turns its head towards the camera behind it and the image freezes.
Article: Tennis
Section: Special point terms

Question: What is it that winning break points are also called?

Game pointA "game point" occurs in tennis whenever the player who is in the lead in the game needs only one more point to win the game.
The terminology is extended to sets (set point), matches (match point), and even championships (championship point).
For example, if the player who is serving has a score of 40-love, the player has a triple game point (triple set point, etc.)
as the player has three consecutive chances to win the game.
Game points, set points, and match points are not part of official scoring and are not announced by the chair umpire in tournament play.
Break pointA "break point" occurs if the receiver, not the server, has a chance to win the game with the next point.
Break points are of particular importance because serving is generally considered advantageous, with the server being expected to win games in which they are serving.
A receiver who has one (score of 30–40), two (score of 15–40) or three (score of love-40) consecutive chances to win the game has "break point", "double break point" or "triple break point", respectively.
If the receiver does, in fact, win their break point, the game is awarded to the receiver, and the receiver is said to have "converted" their break point.
If the receiver fails to win their break point it is called a "failure to convert."
Winning break points, and thus the game, is also referred to as "breaking serve", as the receiver has disrupted, or "broken" the natural advantage of the server.
If in the following game the previous server also wins a break point it is referred to as "breaking back".
At least one break of serve is required to win a set.
Article: Body of Proof
Section: Ratings

Question: When was the second episode of Body of Proof aired?

The series premiere (Tuesday, March 29, 2011) drew 14 million viewers.
It finished in the top 10 in Nielsen ratings for the week, and was the second-most watched premiere of the 2010–11 season, following the CBS series "Hawaii Five-0".
ABC ran the second episode on Sunday April 3, 2011; it dropped to 8.5 million viewers.
The third episode aired two days later and drew 11 million viewers; the show again won its time slot.
The first season averaged 13.68 million viewers making it the second most-watched scripted drama on ABC.
Article: Suburgatory
Section: Location and setting

Question: Where does the series Suburgatory take place?

The series takes place in the fictional town of Chatswin.
The onscreen map animation displayed in the opening credits zooms in on the affluent New York City suburbs of southern Westchester County as the geographic location of "Chatswin".
The Westchester County 914 area code is also referenced in the show.
The use of the 10805 postal code of the New Rochelle community, as the Chatswin postal code of main character George Altman signifies it as being the fictional town's true location.
The series takes its title from "Suburgatory: Twisted Tales from Darkest Suburbia", a book by former CNN Senior Producer Linda Keenan, based in part on her experiences after she moved from New York City to three affluent suburbs, the first of which was in Westchester County.
The book, released on October 11, 2011, thirteen days after the show premiered, is described on the front cover as "The Title behind the ABC Sitcom".
Article: Electrochemistry
Section: Electrolysis of water

Question: How is water converted to H2 and O2?

Water can be converted to its component elemental gasses, H2 and O2 through the application of an external voltage.
Water doesn't decompose into hydrogen and oxygen spontaneously as the Gibbs free energy for the process at standard conditions is about 474.4 kJ.
The decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen can be performed in an electrolytic cell.
In it, a pair of inert electrodes usually made of platinum immersed in water act as anode and cathode in the electrolytic process.
The electrolysis starts with the application of an external voltage between the electrodes.
This process will not occur except at extremely high voltages without an electrolyte such as sodium chloride or sulfuric acid (most used 0.1 M).
Bubbles from the gases will be seen near both electrodes.
The following half reactions describe the process mentioned above:
"Anode (oxidation)": 2 H2O(l) → O2(g) + 4 H+(aq) + 4 e–
"Cathode (reduction)": 2 H2O(g) + 2 e– → H2(g) + 2 OH–(aq)
"Overall reaction": 2 H2O(l) → 2 H2(g) + O2(g)
Although strong acids may be used in the apparatus, the reaction will not net consume the acid.
While this reaction will work at any conductive electrode at a sufficiently large potential, platinum catalyzes both hydrogen and oxygen formation, allowing for relatively mild voltages (~2 V depending on the pH).
Article: Rugby union
Section: Statistics and records

Question: From 2007 to 2011 what is the percentage increase of people playing rugby union or one of its variants?

According to a 2011 report by the Centre for the International Business of Sport at Coventry University, there are now over four and a half million people playing rugby union or one of its variants organised by the IRB.
This is an increase of 19 percent since the previous report in 2007.
The report also claimed that since 2007 participation has grown by 33 percent in Africa, 22 percent in South America and 18 percent in Asia and North America.
In 2014 the IRB published a breakdown of the total number of players worldwide by national unions.
It recorded a total of 6.6 million players globally, of those, 2.36 million were registered members playing for a club affiliated to their country's union.
Rugby union's premier event, the Rugby World Cup, has continued to grow since its inception in 1987.
The first tournament, in which 16 teams competed for the title, was broadcast to 17 countries with an accumulated total of 230 million television viewers.
Ticket sales during the pool stages and finals of the same tournament was less than a million.
The 2007 World Cup was contested by 94 countries with ticket sales of 3,850,000 over the pool and final stage.
The accumulated television audience for the event, then broadcast to 200 countries, was 4.2 billion.
The most capped international player from the tier 1 nations is Irish and British Lions centre Brian O'Driscoll who has played in 141 internationals.
While the top scoring tier 1 international player is New Zealand's Dan Carter, who has amassed 1442 points during his career.
In April 2010 Lithuania broke the record of consecutive international wins previously held by New Zealand and South Africa, which was 17 consecutive wins against tier 1 nations, with their 18th win in tier 2 in a match against Serbia.
The highest scoring international match between two recognised unions was Hong Kong's 164–13 victory over Singapore on 27 October 1994 While the largest winning margin of 152 points is held by two countries, Japan (a 155–3 win over Chinese Taipei) and Argentina (152–0 over Paraguay) both in 2002.
Article: Bulgogi
Section: In modern culture

Question: Hamburger patty is marinated in what ingredient?

"Bulgogi" is served in barbecue restaurants in Korea, and there are "bulgogi" flavoured fast-food hamburgers sold at many South Korean fast-food restaurants.
The hamburger patty is marinated in "bulgogi" sauce and served with lettuce, tomato, onion, and sometimes cheese.
It is similar to a teriyaki burger in flavour.
The October 2011 issue of Jamie magazine featured a stall selling bulgogi steak baguettes outside Arsenal FC's Emirates Stadium.
The same stall was featured in Nicholas Lander's food column in the Financial Times in October 2012.
Texas Rangers outfielder Shin-Soo Choo endorsed bulgogi in an advertisement in the March 12th, 2014 issue of The New York Times.