community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Kung Fu Panda
Section: Abstract

Question: What was the date of "Kung Fu Panda's" release?

Kung Fu Panda is a 2008 American computer-animated action comedy wuxia film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures.
It was directed by John Stevenson and Mark Osborne and produced by Melissa Cobb, and stars the voices of Jack Black, Dustin Hoffman, Angelina Jolie, Jackie Chan, Lucy Liu, Seth Rogen, David Cross, Ian McShane, Randall Duk Kim, James Hong, Dan Fogler, and Michael Clarke Duncan.
Set in a version of ancient China populated by anthropomorphic talking animals, the plot revolves around a bumbling panda named Po who aspires to be a kung fu master.
When an evil kung fu warrior is foretold to escape from prison, Po is unwittingly named the chosen one destined to bring peace to the land, much to the chagrin of the resident kung fu warriors.
The idea for the film was conceived by Michael Lachance, a DreamWorks Animation executive.
The film was originally intended to be a parody, but director Stevenson decided instead to shoot an action comedy wuxia film that incorporates the hero's journey narrative archetype for the lead character.
The computer animation in the film was more complex than anything DreamWorks had done before.
As with most DreamWorks animated films, Hans Zimmer (collaborating with John Powell this time) scored "Kung Fu Panda".
He visited China to absorb the culture and get to know the China National Symphony Orchestra as part of his preparation.
A sequel, "Kung Fu Panda 2", was released on May 26, 2011, along with a television series, "" later that same year as a part of a franchise.
The third installment called "Kung Fu Panda 3" will debut in December 23, 2015.
"Kung Fu Panda" premiered in the United States on June 6, 2008, and has since received very favorable reviews from critics and much of the movie-going public.
The film currently garners an 88% "Certified Fresh" approval rating from review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes.
"Kung Fu Panda" opened in 4,114 theaters, grossing $20.3 million on its opening day and $60.2 million on its opening weekend, resulting in the number one position at the box office.
The film became DreamWorks' biggest opening for a non-sequel film, the highest grossing animated film of the year worldwide, and also had the fourth-largest opening weekend for a DreamWorks animated film at the American and Canadian box office, behind "Shrek 2", "Shrek the Third", and "Shrek Forever After".
Article: Astrology
Section: Ancient objections

Question: What are arguments against astrology?

Cicero stated the twins objection (that with close birth times, personal outcomes can be very different), later developed by Saint Augustine.
He argued that since the other planets are much more distant from the earth than the moon, they could have only very tiny influence compared to the moon's.
He also argued that if astrology explains everything about a person's fate, then it wrongly ignores the visible effect of inherited ability and parenting, changes in health worked by medicine, or the effects of the weather on people.
Plotinus argued that since the fixed stars are much more distant than the planets, it is laughable to imagine the planets' effect on mankind should depend on their position with respect to the zodiac.
He also argues that the interpretation of the moon's conjunction with a planet as good when the moon is full, but bad when the moon is waning, is clearly wrong, as from the moon's point of view, half of her surface is always in sunlight; and from the planet's point of view, waning should be better, as then the planet sees some light from the moon, but when the moon is full to us, it is dark, and therefore bad, on the side facing the planet.
Favorinus argued that it was absurd to imagine that stars and planets would affect human bodies in the same way as they affect the tides, and equally absurd that small motions in the heavens cause large changes in people's fates.
Sextus Empiricus argued that it was absurd to link human attributes with myths about the signs of the zodiac.
Carneades argued that belief in fate denies free will and morality; that people born at different times can all die in the same accident or battle; and that contrary to uniform influences from the stars, tribes and cultures are all different.
Article: I Won't Give Up
Section: Critical reception

Question: What kind of reviews did the song I Won't Give Up mostly receive?

The song received generally favorable reviews.
David Greenwald of MTV wrote, "The fresh track's wispy acoustic guitars and patient melody remind us of Irish crooner Damien Rice's 'Delicate,' though when Mraz soars into the chorus, it's with his own signature full-blast hook."
Loh Chuan Junn of MSN Music wrote that "The string-drenched, acoustic-guitar-based sound makes for easy listening, and gets into the listener's head after just the first listen.
With such an honest revelation of emotions in his lyrics, it's hard to imagine the tune does not stir hearts."
According to Katherine St Asaph of PopDust, the song was probably the closest to his and Colbie Caillat collaboration “Lucky.” She added that it was "a gentle acoustic ballad with a hint of speak-singing a ways in but otherwise straightforward and straight-faced soft-rocks its way through sentiments like “when I look into your eyes, it’s like watching the night sky or a beautiful sunrise–there’s just so much they hold”–still earnest, but joke-free."
Amy Dawson of Metro UK called it "a delicate, countrified guitar ballad that drives into a power-chorus singalong conclusion."
Colin McGuire of PopMatters was mixed in his review, writing that "'I Won’t Give Up', for instance, is acoustic guitar-laden folky pop that falls at least a little bit flat with its predictably bland approach.
While the song’s hook proves itself memorable enough, the track never graduates into anything other than the ballad-like tediousness the singer has a tendency to revert into."
Article: Arepa
Section: Similar dishes

Question: What ingredients are needed to make arepa?

In Colombia, the "arepuela" is similar to the traditional "arepa".
It is made with wheat flour and sometimes anise, and when fried, the layers expand and the "arepuela" inflates, similar to miniature tortillas or pancakes.
This is very common in the interior of Colombia.
In the north, "bollos" are popular for breakfast and made with the same dough as an "arepa", but boiled rather than fried, giving them a texture similar to matzo balls or Czech bread dumplings.
In Costa Rica, "Arepas" can be made from batter, and may be similar to pancakes.
There are at least two sorts, the "pancake" "arepa", which is made with baking powder, and the "big flat" "arepa", which is made without baking powder.
These big flat "arepas" are, in size, not unlike the big tortillas one finds in Guanacaste (northern Costa Rica), (i.e.
some twelve inches in diameter) and are made of white flour and are sugary.
Once perfectly cooked, they should resemble a "giraffe skin", or a "jaguar skin" (i.e., white/yellowish with brown spots).
In Mexico, Gorditas are a similar fried dish, but are different from tortillas.
In Puerto Rico, "arepas" are made with maize meal, coconut milk, lard, butter, flour, and baking powder.
Preparation and cooking varies according to city and family tradition.
In El Salvador, Pupusas are similar flat cakes, but the most important difference is the traditional dough is made from nixtamal.
It is also filled before it is cooked, usually some pork, white cheese or black beans.
Other stypes of "pupusas" are now made from rice dough, particularly in the town called Olocuilta in the department of La Paz.
There are also some newer versions of the dish based on plantain dough.
Article: Marzipan
Section: Iberian Peninsula line

Question: Is marzipan officially defined in the U.S.?

Another possible geographic origin is in Spain, then known as Al-Andalus.
In Toledo (850-900, though more probably 1150 during the reign of Alfonso VII) this specialty was known as "Postre Regio" instead of "Mazapán") and there are also mentions in The Book of One Thousand and One Nights of an almond paste eaten during Ramadan and as an aphrodisiac.
Mazapán is Toledo's most famous dessert, often created for Christmas, and has PGI status.
Almonds have to be at least 50% of the total weight, following the directives of "Mazapán de Toledo" regulator counseil.
Another idea to support this line is the important tradition of another Spanish almond-based Christmas confectionery, the turron.
Under EU law, marzipan must have a minimum almond oil content of 14% and a maximum moisture content of 8.5%.
Optional additional ingredients are rosewater, honey, pistachios, preservatives, and sometimes hazelnut.
In the U.S., marzipan is not officially defined, but it is generally made with a higher ratio of sugar to almonds than almond paste.
One brand, for instance, has 28% almonds in its marzipan, and 45% almonds in its almond paste.
However, in Sweden and Finland almond paste refers to a marzipan that contains 50% ground almonds, a much higher quality than regular marzipan.
In Germany, Lübecker Marzipan is known for its quality.
It contains 66% almonds.
The original manually produced Mozartkugeln are made from green pistachio marzipan.
Article: American Revolution
Section: Peace treaty

Question: Who signed the Treaty of Paris ?

The peace treaty with Britain, known as the Treaty of Paris, gave the U.S. all land east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes, though not including Florida (On September 3, 1783, Britain entered into a separate agreement with Spain under which Britain ceded Florida back to Spain.)
The British abandoned the Indian allies living in this region; they were not a party to this treaty and did not recognize it until they were defeated militarily by the United States.
Issues regarding boundaries and debts were not resolved until the Jay Treaty of 1795.
Since the blockade was lifted and the old imperial restrictions were gone, American merchants were free to trade with any nation anywhere in the world, and their businesses flourished.
Article: Grand Canyon
Section: Upper Sonoran and Transition

Question: How many bird species breed in the coniferous forests of the Grand Canyon?

The Upper Sonoran Life Zone includes most of the inner canyon and South Rim at elevations from .
This zone is generally dominated by blackbrush, sagebrush, and pinyon-juniper woodlands.
Elevations of are in the Mojave Desert Scrub community of the Upper Sonoran.
This community is dominated by the four-winged saltbush and creosote bush; other important plants include Utah agave, narrowleaf mesquite, ratany, catclaw, and various cacti species.
Approximately 30 bird species breed primarily in the desert uplands and cliffs of the inner canyon.
Virtually all bird species present breed in other suitable habitats throughout the Sonoran and Mohave deserts.
The abundance of bats, swifts, and riparian birds provides ample food for peregrines, and suitable eyrie sites are plentiful along the steep canyon walls.
Also, several critically endangered California Condors that were re-introduced to the Colorado Plateau on the Arizona Strip, have made the eastern part of the Park their home.
The conifer forests provide habitat for 52 mammal species.
Porcupines, shrews, red squirrels, tassel eared Kaibab and Abert's squirrels, black bear, mule deer, and elk are found at the park's higher elevations on the Kaibab Plateau.
Above the desert scrub and up to is a pinyon pine forest and one seed juniper woodland.
Within this woodland one can find big sagebrush, snakeweed, Mormon tea, Utah agave, banana and narrowleaf Yucca, winterfat, Indian ricegrass, dropseed, and needlegrass.
There are a variety of snakes and lizards here, but one species of reptile, the mountain short-horned Lizard, is a particularly abundant inhabitant of the piñon-juniper and ponderosa pine forests.
Ponderosa pine forests grow at elevations between , on both North and South rims in the Transition life zone.
The South Rim includes species such as gray fox, mule deer, bighorn sheep, rock squirrels, pinyon pine and Utah juniper.
Additional species such as Gambel oak, New Mexico locust, mountain mahogany, elderberry, creeping mahonia, and fescue have been identified in these forests.
The Utah tiger salamander and the Great Basin spadefoot toad are two amphibians that are common in the rim forests.
Of the approximately 90 bird species that breed in the coniferous forests, 51 are summer residents and at least 15 of these are known to be neotropical migrants.
Article: Egypt
Section: Museums

Question: What ages has the egyptian civilization been passed on through?

Egypt has one of the oldest civilizations in the world.
Thus, it has been in contact with many other civilizations and nations and also has been through so many eras, starting from pre-historic age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages.
Because of this wide variation of ages, the continuous contact with other nations and the big number of conflicts Egypt had been through, at least 60 museums may be found in Egypt, mainly covering a wide area of these ages and conflicts.
The Three main museums in Egypt are; The Egyptian Museum which has more than 120,000 items, the Egyptian National Military Museum and the 6th of October Panorama.
The Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM), also known as the Giza Museum, is a planned museum of artifacts of ancient Egypt.
Described as the largest archaeological museum in the world, the museum is scheduled to open in 2015.
The museum will be sited on of land approximately two kilometers from the Giza Necropolis and is part of a new master plan for the plateau.
Article: Sweden
Section: Language

Question: What's the official language of Sweden?

The official language of Sweden is Swedish, a North Germanic language, related and very similar to Danish and Norwegian, but differing in pronunciation and orthography.
Norwegians have little difficulty understanding Swedish, and Danes can also understand it, with slightly more difficulty than the Norwegians.
The same goes for standard Swedish speakers, who find it far easier to understand Norwegian than Danish.
The dialects spoken in Scania, the southernmost part of the country, are influenced by Danish because the region traditionally was a part of Denmark and is nowadays situated closely to it.
Sweden Finns are Sweden's largest linguistic minority, comprising about 5% of Sweden's population, and Finnish is recognized as a minority language.
Along with Finnish, four other minority languages are also recognized: Meänkieli, Sami, Romani and Yiddish.
Swedish became Sweden's official language on 1 July 2009, when a new language law was implemented.
The issue of whether Swedish should be declared the official language has been raised in the past, and the Riksdag voted on the matter in 2005, but the proposal narrowly failed.
In varying degrees, depending largely on frequency of interaction with English, a majority of Swedes, especially those born after World War II, understand and speak English owing to trade links, the popularity of overseas travel, a strong Anglo-American influence and the tradition of subtitling rather than dubbing foreign television shows and films, and the relative similarity of the two languages which makes learning English easier.
In a 2005 survey by Eurobarometer, 89% of Swedes reported the ability to speak English.
English became a compulsory subject for secondary school students studying natural sciences as early as 1849, and has been a compulsory subject for all Swedish students since the late 1940s.
Depending on the local school authorities, English is currently a compulsory subject between first grade and ninth grade, with all students continuing in secondary school studying English for at least another year.
Most students also study one and sometimes two additional languages.
These include (but are not limited to) German, French and Spanish.
Some Danish and Norwegian is at times also taught as part of Swedish courses for native speakers.
Article: Wide Awake (Katy Perry song)
Section: Release and reception

Question: How many award nominations did Katy Perry receive for the music video "Wide Awake"?

The video was supposed to have its world premiere on June 19, 2012.
However, the video was unexpectedly uploaded by EMI to the Czech website mixer.cz.
one day earlier.
Due to this, it was announced that the June 19 premiere was being scrapped and that the release was pushed up to June 18, 2012 at 7:53 p.m.
ET on MTV as part of ""MTV First: Katy Perry"".
After the premiere, an exclusive 30-minute interview with Perry will take place on MTV.com.
The worldwide premiere will reach more than 600 million households around the world via MTV’s global network of more than 60 channels, as well as over 300 digital media properties in more than 150 territories.
Fans around the world will also be able to stream the video online at http://katyperry.mtv.com.
The music video will also be shown on MTV’s sibling networks VH1, Logo and Teen Nick and debut on MTV.com, VH1.com and LOGOtv.com.
In addition, the video will go into rotation immediately on mtvU, MTV Hits and AMTV the following morning.
Perry stated in an interview that the music video is symbolic of her life, where various scenes in the video are redolent of her rise to stardom, personal struggles, love and marriage.
Perry received 3 nominations for this Video, which included Video of the Year in the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards.
She took home the "moon man" for Best Art Direction at the awards on September 6, 2012.
The music video was met with acclaim from most critics, with a number of them deeming it the best video to date from Perry.
E!
Online opined in a Twitter status that they love the video and compared it to "Alice In Wonderland".
"Rolling Stone" gave the clip a positive review, praising its introspective nature, saying that 'Though the clip recalls familiar looks, the video puts a new spin on it all, recasting every colorful look with a melancholy tone and a darker palette.'
Hollywoodlife felt that the video is inspiring, while calling Perry a symbol of strength.
"Entertainment Weekly" also credited the fantastical, whimsical vibe of the visual as Perry teams up with her younger self.
A "Behind the Scenes" video was released on August 22, 2012 on MTV and Vevo.
Article: September 11 attacks
Section: Damage

Question: When the Pentagon was attacked by a plane, how many people died?

Along with the 110-floor Twin Towers, numerous other buildings at the World Trade Center site were destroyed or badly damaged, including WTC buildings 3 through 7 and St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church.
The North Tower, South Tower, the Marriott Hotel (3 WTC), and 7 WTC were completely destroyed.
The U.S. Customs House (6 World Trade Center), 4 World Trade Center, 5 World Trade Center, and both pedestrian bridges connecting buildings were severely damaged.
The Deutsche Bank Building on 130 Liberty Street was partially damaged and demolished some years later, starting in 2007.
The two buildings of the World Financial Center also suffered damage.
The Deutsche Bank Building across Liberty Street from the World Trade Center complex was later condemned as being uninhabitable because of toxic conditions inside the office tower, and was deconstructed.
The Borough of Manhattan Community College's Fiterman Hall at 30 West Broadway was condemned due to extensive damage in the attacks, and is being rebuilt.
Other neighboring buildings including 90 West Street and the Verizon Building suffered major damage but have been restored.
World Financial Center buildings, One Liberty Plaza, the Millenium Hilton, and 90 Church Street had moderate damage and have since been restored.
Communications equipment on top of the North Tower was also destroyed, but media stations were quickly able to reroute signals and resume broadcasts.
The Pentagon was severely damaged by the impact of American Airlines Flight 77 and ensuing fires, causing one section of the building to collapse.
As it approached the Pentagon, the airplane's wings knocked over light poles and its right engine smashed into a power generator before crashing into the western side of the building, killing all 53 passengers, 5 hijackers, and 6 crew.
The plane hit the Pentagon at the first-floor level.
The front part of the fuselage disintegrated on impact, while the mid and tail sections kept moving for another fraction of a second.
Debris from the tail section penetrated furthest into the building, breaking through of the three outermost of the building's five rings.
Article: Coffee
Section: Etymology

Question: When was coffee first referenced in English?

The first reference to coffee in the English language is in the form "chaoua", dated to 1598.
In English and other European languages, "coffee" descends from the Italian word "caffè".
In turn, "caffè" derives from "kahve", the Ottoman Turkish word for coffee, which is itself derived from the , "qahwah".
Arab lexicographers maintain that "qahwah" originally referred to a type of wine, and gave its etymology, in turn, to the verb "qahā", signifying "to have no appetite", since this beverage was thought to dull one's hunger.
Other proposed etymologies include tracing coffee to the word "quwwa," Arabic for power, or to the region of Kaffa in Ethiopia.
For the latter etymology, some hold Arabs named it after the Kaffa region, but others with "equally little authority" say the region was named after the drink.
Article: Electromagnetism
Section: Quantities and units

Question: Which units are the most widely utilized today?

Electromagnetic units are part of a system of electrical units based primarily upon the magnetic properties of electric currents, the fundamental SI unit being the ampere.
The units are:
ampere (electric current)
coulomb (electric charge)
farad (capacitance)
henry (inductance)
ohm (resistance)
tesla (magnetic flux density)
volt (electric potential)
watt (power)
weber (magnetic flux)
In the electromagnetic cgs system, electric current is a fundamental quantity defined via Ampère's law and takes the permeability as a dimensionless quantity (relative permeability) whose value in a vacuum is unity.
As a consequence, the square of the speed of light appears explicitly in some of the equations interrelating quantities in this system.
Formulas for physical laws of electromagnetism (such as Maxwell's equations) need to be adjusted depending on what system of units one uses.
This is because there is no one-to-one correspondence between electromagnetic units in SI and those in CGS, as is the case for mechanical units.
Furthermore, within CGS, there are several plausible choices of electromagnetic units, leading to different unit "sub-systems", including Gaussian, "ESU", "EMU", and Heaviside–Lorentz.
Among these choices, Gaussian units are the most common today, and in fact the phrase "CGS units" is often used to refer specifically to CGS-Gaussian units.