community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: We Are Young
Section: Composition and lyrical interpretation

Question: What did Andrew Unterberger compare the song's chorus to?

"We Are Young" is a power ballad that combines the genres of indie pop, alternative rock, and power pop.
The song is written in the key of F major, based almost entirely on the 50s progression (I vi IV V) with the exception of its bridge, and follows a tempo of 116 beats per minute, changing to 92 bpm from the pre chorus to the end.
The song has a slow hip hop groove from the first chorus onward, and the song in its entirety is in common time.
The instrumentation of the original mix session consists of drums, bass guitar, synth bass, electric guitars, synths, piano, horns and other brass, and a hugh amount of vocal tracks, as well as the rough mix and two reference tracks, by Queen and Kanye West, that are both muted in the final master.
In the song, "careful arrangements layer sharp, bright piano melodies with big, booming drums and multiple vocal harmonies."
Ruess shifts from "vulnerable verbal tumbling in the song's sonically sparse intro to the grandiose declaration, 'Tonight, we are young / So let's set the world on fire / We can burn brighter than the sun' in the massive chorus."
According to "Spin", the song incorporates a "marrying fist-pump stadium rock to the prim indie-pop of Grizzly Bear's "Two Weeks," keeping the deliberate beats and soaring melodies but replacing choirboy primness with a percussive whomp."
Andrew Unterberger of "Popdust" compared the song's chorus to that of Pat Benatar's "Love Is a Battlefield" and Supergrass' "Alright," and noted that nearly every word in the chorus is imbued with maximum passion and importance.
Tim Jonze Guardian.co.uk described the chorus as anthemic and compared it to work done by Arcade Fire and stated that the lyrics were "life-affirming and fit for a teen movie soundtrack.
"Lead singer Nate Ruess says the lyrics were inspired by one specific night, after "my worst drinking night of all time."
Ruess told "Rolling Stone" that he was kicked out of a taxi cab for puking all over it.
"The cabbie was demanding all this money, and all I could do was stand on the corner with my head against the wall.
It took me another day before I was a functioning adult and could actually write down the verses," he said.
Article: The Terminator
Section: Cast

Question: Which actress depicted Sarah Connor in The Terminator?

Arnold Schwarzenegger as The Terminator, a cyborg disguised as a human being sent back in time to assassinate Sarah Connor.
Schwarzenegger speaks only 18 lines in the film, and less than 100 words.
James Cameron said that "Somehow, even his accent worked...
It had a strange synthesized quality, like they hadn't gotten the voice thing quite worked out.
"
Linda Hamilton as Sarah Connor, the Terminator's target who is soon to be the mother of the future Resistance leader John Connor.
Michael Biehn as Kyle Reese, a human Resistance fighter sent back in time to protect Sarah.
Paul Winfield as Ed Traxler, a police Lieutenant who questions Sarah.
Lance Henriksen as Hal Vukovich, a police detective who questions Sarah.
Earl Boen as Dr. Silberman, a criminal psychologist.
Additional actors included Bess Motta as Ginger Ventura; Rick Rossovich as Matt Buchanan; Dick Miller as the gun shop clerk; Shawn Schepps as Nancy; Bruce M. Kerner as the desk sergeant; Schwarzenegger's friend and workout partner, professional bodybuilder Franco Columbu as a Terminator in 2029; and Bill Paxton, Brad Rearden, and Brian Thompson as punks who are confronted by the Terminator; Marianne Muellerleile as one of the other women with the name "Sarah Connor" who was shot by the Terminator.
Article: All Is Lost
Section: Critical response

Question: What reviews did All Is Lost receive?

"All Is Lost" has received critical acclaim.
Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 93% of critics gave the film a positive review based on 194 reviews, with an average score of 7.9/10.
The site's consensus states: "Anchored by another tremendous performance in a career full of them, "All Is Lost" offers a moving, eminently worthwhile testament to Robert Redford's ability to hold the screen."
On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 based on reviews from critics, the film has a score of 87 based on 45 reviews, considered to be "universal acclaim".
After the screening of the film at the Cannes Film Festival, Redford received a standing ovation.
Writing for "The Independent", Geoffrey Macnab said the film was "utterly compelling viewing".
Andrew Pulver, writing for "The Guardian", said that "Redford delivers a tour de force performance: holding the screen effortlessly with no acting support whatsoever."
Justin Chang of "Variety" said of Redford's performance that he "holds the viewer’s attention merely by wincing, scowling, troubleshooting and yelling the occasional expletive".
Robbie Collin of "The Telegraph" said, "The film's scope is limited, but as far as it goes, "All Is Lost" is very good indeed: a neat idea, very nimbly executed.
"Peter Bradshaw writing also for The Guardian says the "near-mute performance as a mysterious old man of the sea" to be "a bold, gripping thriller."
Being an ambiguous and challenging metaphor, he concludes: “What a strikingly bold and thoughtful film.”Alan Scherstuhl of "The Village Voice" writes that the film is "a genuine nail-biter, scrupulously made and fully involving, elemental in its simplicity."
David Morgan of CBS News gave the film a positive review, stating, "Four decades ago Redford demonstrated a similar capacity for survival skills as the mountain man Jeremiah Johnson.
Today, at age 77, without a supporting cast and performing virtually all of his water stunts himself, Redford proves he is still up to the task, shining in what is an extremely physical but also an intellectually demanding role.
"Steve Pulaski of "Influx Magazine" gave the film an A-, commenting, ""All is Lost" is a strong film in terms of mood and score.
I have no idea what audiences will think of it.
Some will hail it[...]and others will loathe it for not getting more to the bottom of things and leaving each scene with some element of ambiguity."
Article: October Revolution
Section: Soviet historiography

Question: Who took the leading role in organizing the alienated industrial workers?

Soviet historiography of the October Revolution is intertwined with Soviet historical development.
Many of the initial Soviet interpreters of the Revolution were themselves Bolshevik revolutionaries.
(For example, the revolutionary Leon Trotsky wrote a major narrative of the October Revolution.)
After the initial wave of revolutionary narratives, Soviet historians worked within “narrow guidelines” defined by the Soviet government.
The rigidity of interpretive possibilities reached its height under Joseph Stalin.
Soviet historians of the October Revolution interpreted the Revolution so as to establish the legitimacy of Marxist ideology, and also the Bolshevik regime.
To establish the accuracy of Marxist ideology, Soviet historians generally described the Revolution as the product of class struggle.
They maintained that the Revolution was the supreme event in a world history governed by historical laws.
The Bolshevik Party is placed at the center of the Revolution, exposing the errors of both the moderate Provisional Government and the spurious “socialist” Mensheviks in the Petrograd Soviet.
Guided by Vladimir Lenin's leadership and his firm grasp of scientific Marxist theory, the Party led the “logically predetermined” events of the October Revolution from beginning to end.
The events were, according to these historians, logically predetermined because of the socio-economic development of Russia, where the monopoly industrial capitalism alienated the masses.
In this view, the Bolshevik party took the leading role in organizing these alienated industrial workers, and thereby established the construction of the first socialist state.
Although Soviet historiography of the October Revolution stayed relatively constant until 1991, it did undergo some changes.
Following Stalin’s death, historians such as E. N. Burdzhalov and P. V. Volobuev published historical research that deviated significantly from the party line in refining the doctrine that the Bolshevik victory “was predetermined by the state of Russia’s socio-economic development”.
These historians, who comprised the “New Directions Group”, posited that the complex nature of the October Revolution “could only be explained by a multi-causal analysis, not by recourse to the mono-causality of monopoly capitalism”.
For them, the central actor is still the Bolshevik party, but this party triumphed “because it alone could solve the preponderance of ‘general democratic’ tasks the country faced” (such as the struggle for peace, the exploitation of landlords, and so on.
)During the late Soviet period, the opening of select Soviet archives during glasnost sparked innovative research that broke away from some aspects of Marxism-Leninism, though the key features of the orthodox Soviet view remained intact.
Article: Eiffel Tower
Section: Communications

Question: When did the Paris Observatory use the Eiffel Tower as an antenna to communication with the US Naval Observatory in Arlington, VA?

The tower has been used for radio transmission since the beginning of the 20th century.
Until the 1950s, sets of antenna wires ran from the summit to anchors on the Avenue de Suffren and Champ de Mars.
These were connected to long-wave transmitters in small bunkers; in 1909 a permanent underground radio centre was built near the south pillar, which still exists today.
On 20 November 1913 the Paris Observatory, using the Eiffel Tower as an antenna, exchanged sustained wireless signals with the United States Naval Observatory which used an antenna in Arlington, Virginia.
The object of the transmissions was to measure the difference in longitude between Paris and Washington, D.C. Today, both radio and television stations broadcast their signals from the top of the Eiffel Tower.
Article: Gilmore Girls
Section: Additional main cast

Question: Who knocked the books out of Kirk's hands?

The following characters have been promoted to main character status since season 2.
All additional main cast are only credited in episodes in which they appear.
"*" In the second episode of Season One ('The Lorelais' First Day at Chilton'), Sean Gunn played a character named "Mick", who worked for a telephone company as a DSL installer.
Gunn did not return as Mick, but was given a part as Kirk.
Also in the beginning of season one "Mick" or "Kirk" was new to Stars Hollow, not knowing who Miss Patty was, but later is known to have grown up in Stars Hollow, like when he talks about having books knocked out of his hands at as a seventh grader by Luke.
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Article: Radiation therapy
Section: Stereotactic radiation

Question: How much time do radiation treatments for cancer take?

Stereotactic radiation is a specialized type of external beam radiation therapy.
It uses focused radiation beams targeting a well-defined tumor using extremely detailed imaging scans.
Radiation oncologists perform stereotactic treatments, often with the help of a neurosurgeon for tumors in the brain or spine.
There are two types of stereotactic radiation.
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is when doctors use a single or several stereotactic radiation treatments of the brain or spine.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) refers to one or several stereotactic radiation treatments with the body, such as the lungs.
Some doctors say an advantage to stereotactic treatments are they deliver the right amount of radiation to the cancer in a shorter amount of time than traditional treatments, which can often take six to 11 weeks.
Plus treatments are given with extreme accuracy, which should limit the effect of the radiation on healthy tissues.
One problem with stereotactic treatments is that they are only suitable for certain small tumors.
Stereotactic treatments can be confusing because many hospitals call the treatments by the name of the manufacturer rather than calling it SRS or SBRT.
Brand names for these treatments include Axesse, Cyberknife, Gamma Knife, Novalis, Primatom, Synergy, X-Knife, TomoTherapy, Trilogy and Truebeam.
This list changes as equipment manufacturers continue to develop new, specialized technologies to treat cancers.
Article: Astronomy
Section: Astrometry and celestial mechanics

Question: What does tracking of near-Earth objects assist in predicting?

One of the oldest fields in astronomy, and in all of science, is the measurement of the positions of celestial objects.
Historically, accurate knowledge of the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets and stars has been essential in celestial navigation (the use of celestial objects to guide navigation) and in the making of calendars.
Careful measurement of the positions of the planets has led to a solid understanding of gravitational perturbations, and an ability to determine past and future positions of the planets with great accuracy, a field known as celestial mechanics.
More recently the tracking of near-Earth objects will allow for predictions of close encounters, and potential collisions, with the Earth.
The measurement of stellar parallax of nearby stars provides a fundamental baseline in the cosmic distance ladder that is used to measure the scale of the universe.
Parallax measurements of nearby stars provide an absolute baseline for the properties of more distant stars, as their properties can be compared.
Measurements of radial velocity and proper motion plot the movement of these systems through the Milky Way galaxy.
Astrometric results are the basis used to calculate the distribution of dark matter in the galaxy.
During the 1990s, the measurement of the stellar wobble of nearby stars was used to detect large extrasolar planets orbiting nearby stars.
Article: Modern pentathlon
Section: Abstract

Question: What is the number of events in a pentathlon?

The modern pentathlon is an Olympic sport that comprises five events: fencing, 200 m freestyle swimming, show jumping, and a final combined event of pistol shooting, and a 3200 m cross-country run.
The sport has been a core sport of the Olympic Games since 1912, and since 1949 an annual World Championship has been held.
Originally the competition took place over four or five days; however in 1996 a one-day format was adopted in an effort to be more audience-friendly.
However, modern pentathlon, despite its long Olympic history, has had to justify its inclusion in the modern Olympic Games on frequent occasions.
On February 11, 2013 in Lausanne, the IOC confirmed modern pentathlon once again as one of the 25 core sports of the Olympic program through until 2020.
The governing body, UIPM, administers the international sport in more than 90 countries in all the continents of the world.
Article: United Arab Emirates
Section: Food

Question: Which foods are traditional in the UAE?

The traditional food of the Emirates has always been rice, fish, and meat.
The people of the United Arab Emirates have adopted most of their foods from other West and South Asian countries including India, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Oman.
Seafood has been the mainstay of the Emirati diet for centuries.
Meat and rice are other staple foods; lamb and mutton are the more favored meats, then goat and beef.
Popular beverages are coffee and tea, which can be supplemented with cardamom, saffron, or mint to give them a distinct flavor.
The cosmopolitan nature of the UAE means that food from every continent can be found here.
Fast food has become very popular among youth, to the extent that campaigns are underway to highlight the dangers of fast food excesses.
Muslims are prohibited from eating pork, so it is not included in Arab menus.
Hotels and other establishments frequently have pork substitutes such as beef sausages and veal rashers on their breakfast menus.
If pork is available, it is clearly labeled as such.
Unlike other Muslim countries, it is not against the law to bring pork products into the country for personal consumption.
Alcohol is generally only served in hotel restaurants and bars (but not in Sharjah).
All nightclubs and golf clubs are permitted to sell alcohol.
Specific supermarkets may sell alcohol, but these products are sold in separate sections.
Note that although alcohol may be consumed, it is illegal to be intoxicated in public or drive a motor vehicle with any trace of alcohol in the blood.
Etihad Airways and Emirates airlines, both owned by the UAE, serve alcohol on their beverage menus too.
Article: World War I
Section: Russian Revolution

Question: In what year did the Brusilov Offensive in eastern Galicia take place?

Despite the success of the June 1916 Brusilov Offensive in eastern Galicia, dissatisfaction with the Russian government's conduct of the war grew.
The offensive's success was undermined by the reluctance of other generals to commit their forces to support the victory.
Allied and Russian forces were revived only temporarily by Romania's entry into the war on 27 August.
German forces came to the aid of embattled Austro-Hungarian units in Transylvania while a German-Bulgarian force attacked from the south, and Bucharest fell to the Central Powers on 6 December.
Meanwhile, unrest grew in Russia, as the Tsar remained at the front.
Empress Alexandra's increasingly incompetent rule drew protests and resulted in the murder of her favourite, Rasputin, at the end of 1916.
In March 1917, demonstrations in Petrograd culminated in the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the appointment of a weak Provisional Government, which shared power with the Petrograd Soviet socialists.
This arrangement led to confusion and chaos both at the front and at home.
The army became increasingly ineffective.
Discontent and the weaknesses of the Provisional Government led to a rise in the popularity of the Bolshevik Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, which demanded an immediate end to the war.
The successful armed uprising by the Bolsheviks of November was followed in December by an armistice and negotiations with Germany.
At first, the Bolsheviks refused the German terms, but when German troops began marching across the Ukraine unopposed, the new government acceded to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on 3 March 1918.
The treaty ceded vast territories, including Finland, the Baltic provinces, parts of Poland and Ukraine to the Central Powers.
Despite this enormous apparent German success, the manpower required for German occupation of former Russian territory may have contributed to the failure of the Spring Offensive and secured relatively little food or other materiel.
With the adoption of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the Entente no longer existed.
The Allied powers led a small-scale invasion of Russia, partly to stop Germany from exploiting Russian resources and, to a lesser extent, to support the "Whites" (as opposed to the "Reds") in the Russian Civil War.
Allied troops landed in Arkhangelsk and in Vladivostok as part of the North Russia Intervention.
Article: Vegetable
Section: Terminology

Question: Which Supreme Court case ruled that tomatoes are vegetables?

There are at least four definitions relating to fruits and vegetables: 
Fruit (botany): the ovary of a flowering plant (sometimes including accessory structures), 
Fruit (culinary): any edible part of a plant with a sweet flavor, 
Vegetable (culinary): any edible part of a plant with a savory flavor.
Vegetable (legal): commodities that are taxed as vegetables in a particular jurisdiction 
In everyday, grocery-store, culinary language, the words "fruit" and "vegetable" are mutually exclusive ; plant products that are called fruit are hardly ever classified as vegetables, and vice-versa.
The word "fruit" has a precise botanical meaning (a part that developed from the ovary of a flowering plant), which is considerably different from its culinary meaning, and includes many poisonous fruits.
While peaches, plums, and oranges are "fruit" in both senses, many items commonly called "vegetables" — such as eggplants, bell peppers, and tomatoes — are botanically fruits, while the cereals (grains) are both a fruit and a vegetable, as well as some spices like black pepper and chili peppers.
The question of whether the tomato is a fruit or a vegetable found its way into the United States Supreme Court in 1893.
The court ruled unanimously in "Nix v. Hedden" that a tomato is correctly identified as, and thus taxed as, a vegetable, for the purposes of the Tariff of 1883 on imported produce.
The court did acknowledge, however, that, botanically speaking, a tomato is a fruit.
Languages other than English often have categories that can be identified with the common English meanings of "fruit" and "vegetable", but their precise meaning often depends on local culinary traditions.
For example, in Brazil the avocado is traditionally consumed with sugar as a dessert or in milkshakes, and hence it is regarded as a culinary fruit; whereas in other countries (including Mexico and the United States) it is used in salads and dips, and hence considered to be a vegetable.
Article: David (Michelangelo)
Section: Abstract

Question: What did the sculpture come to symbolize?

David (Michelangelo)David is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture created between 1501 and 1504, by the Italian artist Michelangelo.
It is a marble statue of a standing male nude.
The statue represents the Biblical hero David, a favoured subject in the art of Florence.
Originally commissioned as one of a series of statues of prophets to be positioned along the roofline of the east end of Florence Cathedral, the statue was placed instead in a public square, outside the Palazzo della Signoria, the seat of civic government in Florence, where it was unveiled on 8 September 1504.
Because of the nature of the hero that it represented, it soon came to symbolize the defense of civil liberties embodied in the Florentine Republic, an independent city-state threatened on all sides by more powerful rival states and by the hegemony of the Medici family.
The eyes of David, with a warning glare, were turned towards Rome.
The statue was moved to the Accademia Gallery in Florence in 1873, and later replaced at the original location by a replica.
Article: The Amazing Race 21
Section: Leg 8 (Russia)

Question: What date did The Amazing Race 21 air the 8th leg?

Leg 8 (Russia).
Airdate: November 18, 2012
Moscow (Timiryazev Agricultural Academy – Study Building #6) 
 Moscow (National Hotel )
Moscow (Sokolniki Park – Veranda Tantsev) 
For this leg's Speed Bump, James & Abba had to help a Russian Orthodox priest to get to his church via limousine, however this task was not described by Phil on-air.
In the Leg's Roadblock, one team member was shown a brief slideshow, showing a sample time in Moscow, a map of Russia's nine different time zones with their UTC offsets and Moscow's location highlighted, then multiple instances of the same time zone map without the UTC offsets but with several other Russian cities highlighted.
After the show, they had to fill in the corresponding local time for any five cities within an allotted time period.
If they completed in time and were correct, teams would receive their next clue.
If they were wrong or ran out of time, they had to watch the presentation and do the quiz again.
The Detour for this Leg was a choice between Movers and Shakers.
In Movers, teams had to dress up as Russian soldiers and learn the steps of the Trepak dance.
Teams then performed the dance in front of a judge who would give them their next clue if they performed the dance correctly.
In Shakers, teams went to a party where several impersonators of Russian historical figures were attending.
They had to identify seven specific figures – Catherine the Great, Joseph Stalin, Leon Trotsky, Leonid Brezhnev, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Peter the Great, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Nicholas II of Russia, and Vladimir Lenin – and fill out a form identifying how many impersonators of each person were present.
If they identified the correct number of impersonators, they would get their next clue from an Alexander Pushkin impersonator.