community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: World War I
Section: Serbian campaign

Question: What soldier was promoted to Corporal at the age of 10 ?

Austria invaded and fought the Serbian army at the Battle of Cer and Battle of Kolubara beginning on 12 August.
Over the next two weeks, Austrian attacks were thrown back with heavy losses, which marked the first major Allied victories of the war and dashed Austro-Hungarian hopes of a swift victory.
As a result, Austria had to keep sizable forces on the Serbian front, weakening its efforts against Russia.
Serbia's defeat of the Austro-Hungarian invasion of 1914 counts among the major upset victories of the last century.
This campaign had the youngest known soldier of World War I. Momčilo Gavrić, born in Trbušnica, joined the 6th Artillery Division of the Serbian Army when he was 8 years old, after Austro-Hungarian troops killed his parents, grandmother, and seven of his siblings in August 1914.
At the age of 10 he was promoted to Corporal, and at the age of 11 he became a Lance Sergeant.
Article: Coffee
Section: Roasting

Question: What state is Coffee sold in?

The next step in the process is the roasting of the green coffee.
Coffee is usually sold in a roasted state, and with rare exceptions all coffee is roasted before it is consumed.
It can be sold roasted by the supplier, or it can be home roasted.
The roasting process influences the taste of the beverage by changing the coffee seed both physically and chemically.
The seed decreases in weight as moisture is lost and increases in volume, causing it to become less dense.
The density of the seed also influences the strength of the coffee and requirements for packaging.
The actual roasting begins when the temperature inside the seed reaches approximately , though different varieties of seeds differ in moisture and density and therefore roast at different rates.
During roasting, caramelization occurs as intense heat breaks down starches, changing them to simple sugars that begin to brown, which alters the color of the seed.
Sucrose is rapidly lost during the roasting process and may disappear entirely in darker roasts.
During roasting, aromatic oils and acids weaken, changing the flavor; at , other oils start to develop.
One of these oils, caffeol, is created at about , which is largely responsible for coffee's aroma and flavor.
Article: Rules of Engagement (TV series)
Section: Major recurring characters

Question: Who plays Doreen?

 Diane Sellers as Doreen, waitress at The Island Diner.
 Wendi McLendon-Covey as Liz, an unlikeable, annoying, unattractive neighbor and friend of Audrey's who lives directly upstairs from the Binghams; for a brief story arc in Season 6 she was married to Russell, but they later separated.
In Season 7, Episode 7, she admitted to Russell that she is a sex addict and that she cheated on him multiple times (with multiple partners) during their brief marriage.
 Sara Rue as Brenda, Jeff’s lesbian softball teammate who agrees to be a surrogate mother for Audrey and Jeff.
 Nazneen Contractor as Suneetha, Timmy’s fiancée in an arranged marriage, who becomes an object of Russell’s affections.
 Susan Yeagley as Tracy, a man-hungry co-worker of Audrey’s.
 Taryn Southern as Allison, the object of Timmy's affections, which blossoms into an intra-office romance, then ends when she moves away and breaks up with Timmy.
 Geoff Pierson as Franklin Dunbar, Russell's wealthy, lecherous father.
 Orlando Jones as Brad, Jeff's gay friend from his gym who eventually makes friends with the rest of the gang.
Article: Boston Tea Party
Section: Destruction of the tea

Question: What kind of costumes were the men wearing at the Boston Tea Party?

While Samuel Adams tried to reassert control of the meeting, people poured out of the Old South Meeting House headed out to prepare to take action.
In some cases, this involved donning what may have been elaborately prepared Mohawk costumes.
While disguising their individual faces was imperative, because of the illegality of their protest, dressing as Mohawk warriors was a very specific and symbolic choice.
It showed that the Sons of Liberty identified with America, over their official status as subjects of Great Britain.
That evening, a group of 30 to 130 men, some dressed in the Mohawk warrior disguises, boarded the three vessels and, over the course of three hours, dumped all 342 chests of tea into the water.
The precise location of the Griffin's Wharf site of the Tea Party has been subject to prolonged uncertainty; a comprehensive study places it near the foot of Hutchinson Street (today's Pearl Street).
Article: Henri Matisse
Section: Early life and education

Question: What was the location of Henri Matisse's birth?

Matisse was born in Le Cateau-Cambrésis, in the Nord department in northern France, the oldest son of a prosperous grain merchant.
He grew up in Bohain-en-Vermandois, Picardie, France.
In 1887 he went to Paris to study law, working as a court administrator in Le Cateau-Cambrésis after gaining his qualification.
He first started to paint in 1889, after his mother brought him art supplies during a period of convalescence following an attack of appendicitis.
He discovered "a kind of paradise" as he later described it, and decided to become an artist, deeply disappointing his father.
In 1891, he returned to Paris to study art at the Académie Julian and became a student of William-Adolphe Bouguereau and Gustave Moreau.
Initially he painted still-lifes and landscapes in a traditional style, at which he achieved reasonable proficiency.
Matisse was influenced by the works of earlier masters such as Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, Nicolas Poussin, and Antoine Watteau, as well as by modern artists such as Édouard Manet, and by Japanese art.
Chardin was one of the painters Matisse most admired; as an art student he made copies of four of Chardin's paintings in the Louvre.
In 1896 and 1897, Matisse visited the Australian painter John Peter Russell on the island Belle Île off the coast of Brittany.
Russell introduced him to Impressionism and to the work of van Gogh, who had been a friend of Russell but was completely unknown at the time.
Matisse's style changed completely, and he would later say "Russell was my teacher, and Russell explained colour theory to me."
In 1896 Matisse exhibited five paintings in the salon of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts, two of which were purchased by the state.
With the model Caroline Joblau, he had a daughter, Marguerite, born in 1894.
In 1898 he married Amélie Noellie Parayre; the two raised Marguerite together and had two sons, Jean (born 1899) and Pierre (born 1900).
Marguerite and Amélie often served as models for Matisse.
In 1898, on the advice of Camille Pissarro, he went to London to study the paintings of J. M. W. Turner and then went on a trip to Corsica.
Upon his return to Paris in February 1899, he worked beside Albert Marquet and met André Derain, Jean Puy, and Jules Flandrin.
Matisse immersed himself in the work of others and went into debt from buying work from painters he admired.
The work he hung and displayed in his home included a plaster bust by Rodin, a painting by Gauguin, a drawing by van Gogh, and Cézanne's "Three Bathers".
In Cézanne's sense of pictorial structure and colour, Matisse found his main inspiration.
Many of Matisse's paintings from 1898 to 1901 make use of a Divisionist technique he adopted after reading Paul Signac's essay, "D'Eugène Delacroix au Néo-impressionisme".
His paintings of 1902–03, a period of material hardship for the artist, are comparatively somber and reveal a preoccupation with form.
Having made his first attempt at sculpture, a copy after Antoine-Louis Barye, in 1899, he devoted much of his energy to working in clay, completing "The Slave" in 1903.
Article: The Lord of the Rings
Section: Themes

Question: When was the book "The Lord of the Rings" published?

Although "The Lord of the Rings" was published in the 1950s, Tolkien insisted that the One Ring was not an allegory for the Atomic Bomb, nor were his works a strict allegory of any kind, but were open to interpretation as the reader saw fit.
A few critics have found what they consider to be racial elements in the story, generally based upon their views of how Tolkien's imagery depicts good and evil, characters' race (e.g.
Elf, Dwarf, Hobbit, Southron, Númenórean, Orc); and that the character's race is seen as determining their behaviour.
Counter-arguments note that race-focused critiques often omit relevant textual evidence to the contrary, cite imagery from adaptations rather than the work itself; ignore the absence of evidence of racist attitudes or events in the author's personal life and claim that the perception of racism is itself a marginal view.
Critics have also seen social class rather than race as being the determinant factor for the portrayal of good and evil.
Commentators such as science fiction author David Brin have interpreted the work to hold unquestioning devotion to a traditional elitist social structure.
In his essay "Epic Pooh", science fiction and fantasy author Michael Moorcock critiques the world-view displayed by the book as deeply conservative, in both the 'paternalism' of the narrative voice and the power-structures in the narrative.
Tom Shippey cites the origin of this portrayal of evil as a reflection of the prejudices of European middle-classes during the inter-war years towards the industrial working class.
Other observers have cited Christian and Catholic themes in "The Lord of the Rings".
The book has been read as fitting the model of Joseph Campbell's "monomyth".
Article: Water polo
Section: Advancing the ball

Question: What are the actions you can take to advance a ball in water polo?

When the offense takes possession of the ball, the strategy is to advance the ball down the field of play and to score a goal.
Players can move the ball by throwing it to a teammate or swimming with the ball in front of them ("dribbling").
If an attacker uses his/her arm to push away a defending player and free up space for a pass or shot, the referee will rule a turnover and the defence will take possession of the ball.
If an attacker advances inside the 2-meter line without the ball or before the ball is inside the 2-meter area, (s)he is ruled offside and the ball is turned over to the defence.
This is often overlooked if the attacker is well to the side of the pool or when the ball is at the other side of the pool.
Article: The Dark Knight Rises
Section: Production design

Question: Where were the exteriors above the prison shot in The Dark Knight Rises?

Concept artist Tully Summers commented on Nolan's style of cinematography when asked about the difference between his designs for this film and fantasy-based designs for "Men in Black 3": "The difference for me was Christopher Nolan's visual style.
One of the things that makes his Batman movies so compelling is their tone of plausibility.
He will often prefer a raw, grittier design over one that is very sleek and product design pretty.
It's sort of a practical military aesthetic.
This stuff is made to work, not impress shoppers.
"The Dark Knight Rises" is a war film."
Producer Emma Thomas stated this Batman film has a different visual aesthetic from the first two Nolan-directed features, explaining that "it's meant to be winter in Gotham, so that right there is going to lend a whole different look to the film.
"The film introduces a vehicle that has been compared with the Batplane, dubbed "the Bat".
In designing the Bat, Nathan Crowley approached it as if it were an actual military project, emphasising the need for it to "fit into the same family" as the Tumbler and the Batpod.
The final version of the Bat takes its design cues from the Harrier Jump Jet, Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey and the Boeing AH-64 Apache.
Chris Corbould described the Bat's size and shape as presenting a major challenge for filming given Christopher Nolan's emphasis on practical effects over computer-generated imagery.
In order to make the Bat "fly", it was variously supported by wires, suspended from cranes and helicopters, and mounted on a purpose-built vehicle with hydraulic controls to simulate movement.
When designing the Batcave set, Crowley and fellow production designer Kevin Kavanaugh hit upon the idea of flooding the Batcave and having Batman's equipment, the Batsuit and a supercomputer rise from the water.
Another set was designed at Cardington as an "underground prison", a rough-hewn labyrinth of stone cells in a vast abyss with a vertical shaft leading to the surface.
Exteriors above the prison were filmed in Jodhpur, India, chosen because the "forbidding landscape added to the desolation".
Article: It Will Rain
Section: Writing and production

Question: Who sang "It Will Rain"?

"It Will Rain" is a love ballad co-written and produced by Bruno Mars and his songwriting and production team, The Smeezingtons.
The soundtrack disc hit stores on November 8, 2011.
Bruno described the new song as "think of the darker side of love".
the song was highly popular and successful.
Mars and his label Elektra Records celebrated the singer’s fourth #1 single on the "Billboard" Top 40 chart with this song.
"It Will Rain" is featured in the end credits of "".
Mars said the tune was halfway done before he viewed an early cut of the film and, inspired by its characters, put together the finishing touches.
Alexandra Patsavas, music supervisor for the "Twilight" films, said she picked Mars because the latest film centered on a wedding and, "Who more appropriate than Bruno Mars to write a timeless, classic wedding song?
"The singer recalls having to literally turn off the radio when hearing his song "It Will Rain" (written for 2011's "Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 1") because of his displeasure with the track's final mix.
"I felt like I was a mosquito singing," Mars says with noticeable agitation.
"I don't want that to happen again."
Article: Marathon
Section: Origin

Question: The word "marathon" comes from what?

The name "Marathon" comes from the legend of Pheidippides, a Greek messenger.
The legend states that he was sent from the battlefield of Marathon to Athens to announce that the Persians had been defeated in the Battle of Marathon (in which he had just fought), which took place in August or September, 490 BC.
It is said that he ran the entire distance without stopping and burst into the assembly, exclaiming ("nenikekamen", "we have wοn"), before collapsing and dying.
The account of the run from Marathon to Athens first appears in Plutarch's "On the Glory of Athens" in the 1st century AD which quotes from Heraclides Ponticus's lost work, giving the runner's name as either Thersipus of Erchius or Eucles.
Lucian of Samosata (2nd century AD) also gives the story but names the runner Philippides (not Pheidippides).
There is debate about the historical accuracy of this legend.
The Greek historian Herodotus, the main source for the Greco-Persian Wars, mentions Pheidippides as the messenger who ran from Athens to Sparta asking for help, and then ran back, a distance of over each way.
In some Herodotus manuscripts the name of the runner between Athens and Sparta is given as Philippides.
Herodotus makes no mention of a messenger sent from Marathon to Athens, and relates that the main part of the Athenian army, having fought and won the grueling battle, and fearing a naval raid by the Persian fleet against an undefended Athens, marched quickly back from the battle to Athens, arriving the same day.
In 1879, Robert Browning wrote the poem .
Browning's poem, his composite story, became part of late 19th century popular culture and was accepted as a historic legend.
Mount Penteli stands between Marathon and Athens, which means that, if Pheidippides actually made his famous run after the battle, he had to run around the mountain, either to the north or to the south.
The latter and more obvious route matches almost exactly the modern Marathon-Athens highway, which follows the lie of the land southwards from Marathon Bay and along the coast, then takes a gentle but protracted climb westwards towards the eastern approach to Athens, between the foothills of Mounts Hymettus and Penteli, and then gently downhill to Athens proper.
This route, as it existed when the Olympics were revived in 1896, was approximately long, and this was the approximate distance originally used for marathon races.
However there have been suggestions that Pheidippides might have followed another route: a westward climb along the eastern and northern slopes of Mount Penteli to the pass of Dionysos, and then a straight southward downhill path to Athens.
This route is considerably shorter, some , but includes a very steep initial climb of more than .
Article: Botany
Section: Medicine and materials

Question: What do alcoholic beverages come from?

Phytochemistry is a branch of plant biochemistry primarily concerned with the chemical substances produced by plants during secondary metabolism.
Some of these compounds are toxins such as the alkaloid coniine from hemlock.
Others, such as the essential oils peppermint oil and lemon oil are useful for their aroma, as flavourings and spices (e.g., capsaicin), and in medicine as pharmaceuticals as in opium from opium poppies.
Many medicinal and recreational drugs, such as tetrahydrocannabinol (active ingredient in cannabis), caffeine, morphine and nicotine come directly from plants.
Others are simple derivatives of botanical natural products.
For example, the pain killer aspirin is the acetyl ester of salicylic acid, originally isolated from the bark of willow trees, and a wide range of opiate painkillers like heroin are obtained by chemical modification of morphine obtained from the opium poppy.
Popular stimulants come from plants, such as caffeine from coffee, tea and chocolate, and nicotine from tobacco.
Most alcoholic beverages come from fermentation of carbohydrate-rich plant products such as barley (beer), rice (sake) and grapes (wine).
Plants can synthesise useful coloured dyes and pigments such as the anthocyanins responsible for the red colour of red wine, yellow weld and blue woad used together to produce Lincoln green, indoxyl, source of the blue dye indigo traditionally used to dye denim and the artist's pigments gamboge and rose madder.
Sugar, starch, cotton, linen, hemp, some types of rope, wood and particle boards, papyrus and paper, vegetable oils, wax, and natural rubber are examples of commercially important materials made from plant tissues or their secondary products.
Charcoal, a pure form of carbon made by pyrolysis of wood, has a long history as a metal-smelting fuel, as a filter material and adsorbent and as an artist's material and is one of the three ingredients of gunpowder.
Cellulose, the world's most abundant organic polymer, can be converted into energy, fuels, materials and chemical feedstock.
Products made from cellulose include rayon and cellophane, wallpaper paste, biobutanol and gun cotton.
Sugarcane, rapeseed and soy are some of the plants with a highly fermentable sugar or oil content that are used as sources of biofuels, important alternatives to fossil fuels, such as biodiesel.
Article: Once Upon a Time (TV series)
Section: Spin-off

Question: When was "Once Upon a Time" made?

In February 2013, Kitsis & Horowitz, along with producers Zack Estrin and Jane Espenson, developed a spin-off focusing on Lewis Carroll's "Wonderland".
The series was given the proposed title "Once Upon a Time in Wonderland".
A "teaser presentation" began shooting in April 2013, with the pilot being shot in late July or August.
On May 10, 2013, ABC announced that it had green-lit the spin-off and on May 14, 2013, announced that the spin-off would air in the Thursday night 8:00pm time slot instead of making it a fill-in for the parent series, which had been hinted in the early stages.
The series premiered on October 10, 2013, for a thirteen-episode run that will end on April 3, 2014.
Article: Galbi
Section: Abstract

Question: What does "galbi" mean?

Kalbi or galbi generally refers to a variety of "gui" or grilled dishes in Korean cuisine that are made with marinated beef (or pork) short ribs in a "ganjang"-based sauce (Korean soy sauce).
In the Korean language, "galbi" literally means "rib" and can refer to cooked or uncooked ribs.
Although the dish's full name is galbi gui, the word ""gui"" (grilling) is commonly omitted.
Suwon and Los Angeles are particularly known for their galbi.
"Galbi" is generally made with beef ribs, and it may be called ""sogalbi"" (소갈비) or ""soegalbi"" (쇠갈비).
The prefix ""so"" or ""soe"" (beef) is often omitted when referring to beef ribs.
It is also called "bulgalbi" when grilled over fire.
"Galbi" can also be made with pork ribs or chicken; in such cases, the dish is called ""dwaeji galbi"" (돼지갈비) or ""dak galbi"" (닭갈비) to emphasize the main ingredient.
It is listed at number 41 on the "World's 50 most delicious foods" readers' poll complied by "CNN Go" in 2011.
Article: Rolling in the Deep
Section: Music video

Question: Which director is responsible for the video for "Rolling in the Deep"?

The music video for "Rolling in the Deep," directed by Sam Brown, premiered on Channel 4 on 3 December 2010.
The video begins in an abandoned house, where Adele is sitting in a chair singing.
During the video, the scenes show hundreds of glasses filled with water that vibrate to the beat of a drum, a mysterious person (played by Jennifer White, who also choreographed the sequence) dancing in a room with white flour and dust, the drummer playing the drums behind the stairs, china being thrown and breaking on the wall in front of the staircase, and a white model of a city which is set on fire by five bursting light bulbs at the end of the song.
On 20 July 2011, the music video was nominated for seven MTV Video Music Awards, including Video of the Year, Best Female Video, Best Pop Video and Best Direction, and won three for Best Editing, Best Cinematography and Best Art Direction.
The video won the Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video on 12 February 2012.
Article: Colosseum
Section: Works modeled on, or inspired by, the Colosseum

Question: What was the LA Memorial Coliseum entrance inspired by?

The "Kongresshalle", or "Congress Hall", (1935, unfinished) at the Nazi Party Rally grounds, Nuremberg, Germany
The Summer Olympic Games medal from 1928 to 2000, designed by Giuseppe Cassioli, features a depiction of the Colosseum.
At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens the Colosseum was replaced by a depiction of the Panathinaiko Stadium
The exterior of the Vancouver Public Library resembles the current state of the Colosseum.
It was designed by Moshe Safdie.
The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum entrance was inspired by the Colosseum.
The Palazzo della Civilta Italiana was very closely modelled on the Colosseum.
It was built for Mussolini for the Universal Exhibition of 1942 but the exhibition never happened due to the outbreak of World War II.
The architects were Giovanni Guerrini, Ernesto Bruno La Padula, and Mario Romano.
Article: Shabu-shabu
Section: History

Question: In which century did "Shabu-Shabu", trademarked in 1955, first introduced in Japan?

"Shabu-shabu" was introduced in Japan in the 20th century with the opening of the restaurant "Suehiro"[http://www.e-suehiro.com/history/] in Osaka, where the name was invented.
Its origins are traced back to the Chinese hot pot known as "shuan yang rou".
"Shabu-shabu" is most similar to the original Chinese version when compared to other Japanese dishes ("nabemono") such as "sukiyaki" .
Suehiro registered the name as a trademark in 1955.
Together with "sukiyaki", "shabu-shabu" is a common dish in tourist hot-spots, especially in Tokyo, but also in local Japanese neighborhoods (colloquially called "Little Tokyos") in countries such as the United States and Canada.