community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: Ice cream
Section: Specialty Job

Question: Who wrote the ice cream jingle?

Today, jobs specialize in the selling of ice cream.
The title of a person who works in this speciality is often called an 'ice cream man', however women also specialize in the selling of ice cream.
People in this line of work often sell ice cream on beaches.
On beaches, ice cream is either sold by a person who carries a box full of ice cream and is called over by people who want the purchase ice cream, or by a person who drives up to the top of the beach and rings a bell.
In the second method, people go up to the top of the beach and purchase ice cream straight from the ice cream seller, who is often in an ice cream van.
In Turkey and Australia, ice cream is sometimes sold to beach-goers from small powerboats equipped with chest freezers.
Some ice cream distributors sell ice cream products from traveling refrigerated vans or carts (commonly referred to in the US as "ice cream trucks"), sometimes equipped with speakers playing children's music.
The driver of an ice cream van drives throughout neighborhoods and stops every so often, usually every block.
The ice cream van is usually playing a jingle called "Ice Cream" by Andre Nickatina.
The seller on the ice cream van sells the ice cream through a large window; this window is also where the customer asks for ice cream and pays.
Ice cream vans in the United Kingdom make a music box noise rather than actual music.
Article: Battle of Austerlitz
Section: Allied plans and dispositions

Question: Who was authority given to after it was stripped from Commander in chief M.I. Kutuzov?

An Allied council met on 1 December to discuss proposals for the battle.
Most of the Allied strategists had two fundamental ideas in mind: making contact with the enemy and securing the southern flank that held the communication line to Vienna.
Although the Tsar and his immediate entourage pushed hard for a battle, Emperor Francis of Austria was more cautious and, as mentioned, he was seconded by Kutuzov, the Commander-in-chief of the Russians and the Allied troop.
The pressure to fight from the Russian nobles and the Austrian commanders, however, was too strong, and the Allies adopted the plan of the Austrian Chief of Staff, Franz von Weyrother.
This called for a main drive against the French right flank, which the Allies noticed was lightly guarded, and diversionary attacks against the French left.
The Allies deployed most of their troops into four columns that would attack the French right.
The Russian Imperial Guard was held in reserve while Russian troops under Bagration guarded the Allied right.
The Russian Tsar rudely stripped the authority of Commander-in-chief M. I. Kutuzov and gave it to Franz von Weyrother.
In the battle, Kutuzov could only command the IV Corps of the Allied army, although he was still the "de jure" commander because the Tsar was afraid to take over in case his favored plan failed.
Article: Squash (sport)
Section: The court

Question: How many walls does a squash court have?

Basic rules and gameplay.
The court.
The squash court is a playing surface surrounded by four walls.
The court surface contains a front line separating the front and back of the court and a half court line, separating the left and right hand sides of the back portion of the court, creating three 'boxes' - the front half, the back left quarter and the back right quarter.
Both the back two boxes contain smaller service boxes.
All of the floor-markings on a squash court are only relevant during serves.
There are four walls to a squash court.
The front wall, on which three parallel lines are marked, has the largest playing surface, whilst the back wall, which typically contains the entrance to the court, has the smallest.
The out line runs along the top of the front wall, descending along the side walls to the back wall.
There are no other markings on the side or back walls.
Shots struck above or touching the out line, on any wall, are out.
The bottom line of the front wall marks the top of the 'tin', a half metre-high metal area which if struck means that the ball is out.
In this way the tin can be seen as analogous to the net in other racquet sports such as tennis.
The middle line of the front wall is the service line and is only relevant during serves.
Article: It Will Rain
Section: Abstract

Question: When was the song "it will rain" released on iTunes?

"It Will Rain" is a song by American artist Bruno Mars.
The song was released on iTunes for purchase on September 27, 2011.
An accompanying music video was planned to premiere on October 26, 2011 on MTV.
However, on October 24, 2011 Mars announced via Twitter that the music video had been delayed until a couple of weeks.
It eventually premiered on November 10, 2011.
The track appears on the soundtrack to the film ".
In his live tour in Europe, Skylar Grey was with him singing the song.
Article: How to Survive a Plague
Section: Abstract

Question: When did David France partner die of Aids-related pneumonia?

How to Survive a Plague is a 2012 American documentary film about the early years of the AIDS epidemic, and the efforts of ACT UP and TAG.
It was directed by David France, a journalist who covered AIDS from its beginnings.
For France it was his first film.
He dedicated it to his partner whom he lost to AIDS-related pneumonia in 1992.
The documentary was produced using more than 700 hours of archived footage which included news coverage, interviews as well as film of demonstrations, meetings and conferences taken by ACT UP members themselves.
France says they knew what they were doing was historic, and that many of them would die.
The film, which opened in select theatres across the United States on September 21, 2012, also includes footage of a demonstration during mass at St. Patrick's Cathedral in 1989.
Article: Cold War
Section: Sino-Soviet split, space race, ICBMs

Question: What event launched the "Space Race"?

The period after 1956 was marked by serious setbacks for the Soviet Union, most notably the breakdown of the Sino-Soviet alliance, beginning the Sino-Soviet split.
Mao had defended Stalin when Khrushchev attacked him after his death in 1956, and treated the new Soviet leader as a superficial upstart, accusing him of having lost his revolutionary edge.
For his part, Khrushchev, disturbed by Mao's glib attitude toward nuclear war, referred to the Chinese leader as a "lunatic on a throne".
After this, Khrushchev made many desperate attempts to reconstitute the Sino-Soviet alliance, but Mao considered it useless and denied any proposal.
The Chinese-Soviet animosity spilled out in an intra-communist propaganda war.
Further on, the Soviets focused on a bitter rivalry with Mao's China for leadership of the global communist movement.
On the nuclear weapons front, the United States and the USSR pursued nuclear rearmament and developed long-range weapons with which they could strike the territory of the other.
In August 1957, the Soviets successfully launched the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and in October, launched the first Earth satellite, Sputnik.
The launch of Sputnik inaugurated the Space Race.
This culminated in the Apollo Moon landings, which astronaut Frank Borman later described as "just a battle in the Cold War."
Article: Universal Studios Hollywood
Section: Public transportation

Question: What are the Subway's operating hours?

Universal Studios Hollywood can easily be accessed by public transportation.
The Metro Red line subway train runs between Union Station in Downtown Los Angeles, Westlake, Koreatown, Los Angeles, East Hollywood, and Hollywood.
The subway line runs daily between the hours of 4:55 a.m. and 12:35 a.m.
The last Metro Red Line train to Downtown Los Angeles departs the Universal City station at 12:58 a.m. on Mondays-Thursdays and Sunday/Holidays.
On Fridays and Saturdays, the last Metro Red Line train to Downtown Los Angeles departs the station at 2:00 a.m.
Passengers can also arrive at the entrance of the theme park entrance by several Metro bus routes.
Metro Local lines: 150, 155, 224,240, and Metro Rapid line: 750 stop at Lankershim Blvd & Universal Center Drive (front entrance).
Metro local line: 165 and Metro Shuttle Line: 656 Owl stop farther away from the entrance at Ventura Blvd.
& Lankershim blvd.
Passengers will need to walk north on Lankershim blvd and turn right on Universal Center drive.
There is an additional stop further south at Cahuenga / Universal Studios Blvd served both by these lines.
This stop is leads directly towards citywalk and the entrance to the theme park.
At the front entrance (Universal Center Dr. & Lankershim Blvd), there is a free shuttle tram which directly takes the passengers directly towards the theme park entrance.
The shuttle time varies between days but it typically runs between: 7:00 a.m.-7:00 p.m. and later on Fridays and Saturdays.
Article: The Mentalist
Section: Synopsis

Question: Who is the central character in the TV show "The Mentalist?"

The series follows Patrick Jane, an independent consultant for the California Bureau of Investigation (CBI) based in Sacramento, California.
Although not an officer of the law, he uses skills from his former career as a successful yet admittedly fraudulent psychic medium to help a team of CBI agents solve murders.
The ultimate goal of Patrick Jane in his cooperation with the CBI is to track down the killer known as "Red John," who was responsible for the brutal murders of his wife and daughter.
Jane formerly had a lucrative career as a con man, successfully posing as a psychic medium and enjoying near-celebrity status.
Five years before the events in the show's pilot episode, he appeared on television to claim that his paranormal abilities helped the police profile a serial killer named Red John.
Red John, angered by the perceived slight, murdered Jane's wife and young daughter in revenge.
Jane subsequently abandoned his job as a psychic and teamed with the CBI, using his skills to help them solve various crimes.
His main focus is on the cases involving Red John or Red John copycats.
He admits to faking the supernatural aspects of his skills, often asserting that "there's no such thing as psychics," yet he has finely honed skills in cold reading, hypnosis, and pickpocketing, as well as powerful observational skill and a deep insight into the human psyche and behavior.
His last act at CBI was to finally find Red John and kill him.
After spending two years off the grid, Jane cut a deal with the FBI to work for them, bringing with him former CBI Senior Agent Teresa Lisbon, the only person who seems to be able to keep Jane's theatrics and lack of boundaries under control.
Jane and Lisbon work with their former fellow CBI agent Kimball Cho, FBI Agent Kim Fischer, are supervised by the no-nonsense Agent Dennis Abbott and are now based in Austin, Texas.
The rest of the former CBI team, Wayne Rigsby and Grace Van Pelt, have started their own security firm, but keep in touch with their former colleagues.
Article: Anatomy
Section: Vertebrate anatomy

Question: What body part is located ant the anterior end and what part is located at the base of the tail?

All vertebrates are built along the basic chordate body plan: a stiff rod running through the length of the animal (vertebral column or notochord), with a hollow tube of nervous tissue, the spinal cord above it and the gastrointestinal tract below.
Nervous tissue is derived from the ectoderm, connective tissues are derived from mesoderm, and gut is derived from the endoderm.
At the posterior end is a tail which continues the spinal cord and vertebrae but not the gut.
The mouth is found at the anterior end of the animal, and the anus at the base of the tail.
The defining characteristic of a vertebrate is the vertebral column, in which the notochord has been replaced by a segmented series of stiffer elements (vertebrae) separated by mobile joints (intervertebral discs), which each contain a soft central core (nucleus pulposus), derived from the notochord of the embryo.
However, a few vertebrates have secondarily lost this anatomy, retaining the notochord into adulthood.
These include the sturgeon and the coelacanth.
Jawed vertebrates are typified by paired appendages, fins or legs, which may be secondarily lost.
The limbs of vertebrates are considered to be homologous because the same underlying skeletal structure was inherited from their last common ancestor.
This is one of the arguments put forward by Charles Darwin to support his theory of evolution.
Article: General relativity
Section: Gravitational time dilation and frequency shift

Question: What happens to light that is sent down a gravity well?

Assuming that the equivalence principle holds, gravity influences the passage of time.
Light sent down into a gravity well is blueshifted, whereas light sent in the opposite direction (i.e., climbing out of the gravity well) is redshifted; collectively, these two effects are known as the gravitational frequency shift.
More generally, processes close to a massive body run more slowly when compared with processes taking place farther away; this effect is known as gravitational time dilation.
Gravitational redshift has been measured in the laboratory and using astronomical observations.
Gravitational time dilation in the Earth's gravitational field has been measured numerous times using atomic clocks, while ongoing validation is provided as a side effect of the operation of the Global Positioning System (GPS).
Tests in stronger gravitational fields are provided by the observation of binary pulsars.
All results are in agreement with general relativity.
However, at the current level of accuracy, these observations cannot distinguish between general relativity and other theories in which the equivalence principle is valid.
Article: Moonrise Kingdom
Section: Critical response

Question: What rating did Moonrise Kingdom receive from Rotten Tomatoes?

Critical response.
"Moonrise Kingdom" received widespread acclaim; review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 94% based on reviews from 223 critics, with an average score of 8.2/10.
Review aggregation website Metacritic gives the film a weighted average score of 84 (out of 100), based on 43 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".
Peter Bradshaw of "The Guardian" gives the film 4 stars out of 5, calling it "another sprightly confection of oddities, attractively eccentric, witty and strangely clothed."
Christopher Orr of "The Atlantic" wrote that "Moonrise Kingdom" "captures the texture of childhood summers, the sense of having a limited amount of time in which to do unlimited things" and is "Anderson's best live-action feature" because "it takes as its primary subject matter odd, precocious children, rather than the damaged and dissatisfied adults they will one day become.
"Kristen M. Jones of "Film Comment" wrote that the film "has a spontaneity and yearning that lend an easy comic rhythm", but it also has a "rapt quality, as if we are viewing the events through Suzy's binoculars or reading the story under the covers by a flashlight."
Article: Malaysia
Section: Biodiversity

Question: What percent of the world's species are in Malaysia?

Malaysia signed the Rio Convention on Biological Diversity on 12 June 1993, and became a party to the convention on 24 June 1994.
It has subsequently produced a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, which was received by the convention on 16 April 1998.
The country is megadiverse with a high number of species and high levels of endemism.
It is estimated to contain 20 per cent of the world's animal species.
High levels of endemism are found on the diverse forests of Borneo's mountains, as species are isolated from each other by lowland forest.
Article: Beach volleyball
Section: Governing bodies

Question: What body governs volleyball in Europe?

The primary international governing body for beach volleyball is the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB).
The regional governing bodies are:
Asia – Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC)
Africa – Confédération Africaine de Volleyball (CAV)
Europe – European Volleyball Confederation (CEV)
North and Central America – North, Central America and Caribbean Volleyball Confederation (NORCECA)
South America – Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV)
In the United States, USA Volleyball is the governing body for beach volleyball, as well as indoor volleyball.
In the 2010–11 academic year, the NCAA began sponsoring beach volleyball, which it calls "sand volleyball", as an "emerging" women's sport.
Initially, it was sponsored only for Division II, with Division I added the following academic year.
NCAA competition follows standard beach volleyball rules, with competitions involving five doubles teams from each participating school.
Article: Victoria Falls
Section: Vegetation

Question: Which type of woodland savannah predominates in the area?

Mopane woodland savannah predominates in the area, with smaller areas of Miombo and Rhodesian Teak woodland and scrubland savannah.
Riverine forest with palm trees lines the banks and islands above the falls.
The most notable aspect of the area's vegetation though is the rainforest nurtured by the spray from the falls, containing plants rare for the area such as pod mahogany, ebony, ivory palm, wild date palm and a number of creepers and lianas.
Vegetation has suffered in recent droughts, and so have the animals that depend on it, particularly antelope.
Article: 30 Rock
Section: Conception

Question: How many episodes were ordered for 30 Rock in the first season?

Development and production.
In 2002, Fey was the head writer and a performer on the television show "Saturday Night Live" ("SNL").
She pitched the show that became "30 Rock" to NBC, originally as a sitcom about cable news.
NBC Entertainment president Kevin Reilly felt that "Fey was using the news setting as a fig leaf for her own experience and encouraged her to write what she knew."
The show was subsequently reworked to revolve around an "SNL"-style sketch show.
After being presented to Reilly once more, the show was set to air during the 2005–2006 television season.
Just before the deal went through, however, the show was nearly brushed aside by Anthony Lewis and Jack Melcher, two NBC executives who fought the idea, fearing that Fey's removal from "SNL" would result in a severe cut to the show's ratings.
Eventually, Lewis gave in just a month before his retirement, and Melcher backed down.
In May 2003, Fey signed a contract with NBC to remain in her "SNL" head writer position until at least the 2004–2005 television season and to develop a prime-time project to be produced by Broadway Video and NBC Universal.
Filming was postponed due to Tina Fey's first pregnancy.
During the 2004–2005 pilot season, a pilot was announced named "Untitled Tina Fey Project".
The "30 Rock" pilot focused on the boss of a variety show who has to manage her relationships with the show's volatile star and its charismatic executive producer.
The storyline evolved into one that dealt with a head writer of a variety show who dealt with both the stars as well as the show's new network executive.
"30 Rock" was officially given the green light to air May 15, 2006, along with a 13-episode order.
The series underwent further changes during the months leading up to and following its debut.
A May 2006 press release mentioned that sketches from "The Girlie Show" would be made available in their entirety on NBC's broadband website, DotComedy.com.
The idea was to air the fictitious "TGS with Tracy Jordan" online.
This aspect of the series was abandoned prior to its debut.
Article: Astrology
Section: Western politics and society

Question: When did Quigley's role conclude?

Cultural impact.
Western politics and society.
In the West, political leaders have sometimes consulted astrologers.
Louis de Wohl worked as an astrologer for the British intelligence agency MI5, after it was claimed that Hitler used astrology to time his actions.
The War Office was "interested to know what Hitler's own astrologers would be telling him from week to week".
In fact, de Wohl's predictions were so inaccurate that he was soon labelled a "complete charlatan" and it was later shown that Hitler considered astrology to be "complete nonsense".
After John Hinckley's attempted assassination of U.S. President Ronald Reagan, first lady Nancy Reagan commissioned astrologer Joan Quigley to act as the secret White House astrologer.
However, Quigley's role ended in 1988 when it became public through the memoirs of former chief of staff, Donald Regan.
There was a boom in interest in astrology in the late 1960s.
The sociologist Marcello Truzzi described three levels of involvement of "Astrology-believers" to account for its revived popularity in the face of scientific discrediting.
He found that most astrology-believers did not claim it was a scientific explanation with predictive power.
Instead, those superficially involved, knowing "next to nothing" about astrology's 'mechanics', read newspaper astrology columns, and could benefit from "tension-management of anxieties" and "a cognitive belief-system that transcends science".
Those at the second level usually had their horoscopes cast and sought advice and predictions.
They were much younger than those at the first level, and could benefit from knowledge of the language of astrology and the resulting ability to belong to a coherent and exclusive group.
Those at the third level were highly involved and usually cast horoscopes for themselves.
Astrology provided this small minority of astrology-believers with a ""meaningful" view of their universe and them an "understanding" of their place in it."
This third group took astrology seriously, possibly as a "sacred canopy", whereas the other two groups took it playfully and irreverently.
In 1953, sociologist Theodor W. Adorno conducted a study of the astrology column of a Los Angeles newspaper as part of a project examining mass culture in capitalist society.
Adorno believed that popular astrology, as a device, invariably led to statements which encouraged conformity, and that astrologers who went against conformity with statement discouraging performance at work etc.
would risk losing their jobs.
Adorno concluded that astrology was a large-scale manifestation of systematic irrationalism, where individuals were subtly being led to believe that the author of the column was addressing them directly through the use of flattery and vague generalisations.
Adorno drew a parallel with the phrase opium of the people, by Karl Marx, by commenting "occultism is the metaphysic of the dopes".
A 2005 Gallup poll and a 2009 survey by the Pew Research Center reported that 25% of U.S. adults believe in astrology.