community-datasets/selqa huggingface dataset:
Article: One More Night (Maroon 5 song)
Section: Reception

Question: What did Alexandra Carpototo think of Maroon 5's music video?

John Mitchell of MTV News commented: "The clip could be looked at as a metaphor for the difficulties Levine faces balancing his professional life as a world-famous singer and TV star and a personal life with the same wants (happy relationship, a family) as everyone else."
He further added: "Perhaps the video is a lingering response to his recent breakup from model Anne Vyalitsyna.
Robbie Daw of Idolator agreed, writing: "We wouldn’t be surprised to find out that the breakup had some impact on the theme for the video."
However, Daw noted: "The visual, for the most part, strays from the song’s lyrics, which seem to describe a man trying to resist the sexual charms of a woman he realizes he’s not compatible with."
Rolling Stone stated: "Despite the track's laid-back reggae sound, the clip is quite emotionally heavy."
Alexandra Carpototo of "Pop Crush" commented: "We couldn’t even fathom leaving him; and him playing a father just makes us want him even more.
There’s just something so hot about a bruised Adam Levine (both physically and emotionally)."
Ray Rahman of "Entertainment Weekly"'s Music Mix wrote that "You might expect an epic music video — the 'Payphone' clip was a mini action film, after all — but the concept is on the subdued side."
Melinda Newman of HitFix thought that "The clip is beautifully shot and Levine gets to show off his boxing chops and his abs, but it’s a pretty tepid affair all around."
Emily Exton of "Pop Dust" commented about the end of the video, writing "Considering he boxes for a living, we’ll allow five minutes of wallowing before making requisite 'get back in the ring!'
comments in reference to his dating life.
Yes, she’s left him and yes, this is the woman who inflicted her Helen of Troy-like powers across the entire Lonestar State, but isn’t it always on to the next one?
Good thing Levine loves ladies so much."
Article: Anatomy
Section: Bird anatomy

Question: Do birds have teeth?

Birds are tetrapods but though their hind limbs are used for walking or hopping, their front limbs are wings covered with feathers and adapted for flight.
Birds are endothermic, have a high metabolic rate, a light skeletal system and powerful muscles.
The long bones are thin, hollow and very light.
Air sac extensions from the lungs occupy the centre of some bones.
The sternum is wide and usually has a keel and the caudal vertebrae are fused.
There are no teeth and the narrow jaws are adapted into a horn-covered beak.
The eyes are relatively large, particularly in nocturnal species such as owls.
They face forwards in predators and sideways in ducks.
The feathers are outgrowths of the epidermis and are found in localized bands from where they fan out over the skin.
Large flight feathers are found on the wings and tail, contour feathers cover the bird's surface and fine down occurs on young birds and under the contour feathers of water birds.
The only cutaneous gland is the single uropygial gland near the base of the tail.
This produces an oily secretion that waterproofs the feathers when the bird preens.
There are scales on the legs and feet and claws on the tips of the toes.
Article: Curry
Section: Curries of Punjab

Question: What foods are exclusive to the region of Punjab?

Punjab is a rich agricultural land, where fresh vegetables and fruits have always been accessible.
A typical Punjabi meal consists of some form of bread or rice with a "salan" (curry).
Most preparations start with the frying of a masala which is a concoction of ginger, garlic, onions and tomatoes with some dried spices.
This is followed by the addition of other ingredients.
Spice level varies greatly depending on the sub-region as well as the household itself.
A popular cooking fat is pure desi ghee, and some dishes are often enriched with liberal amounts of butter and cream.
There are certain dishes that are exclusive to Punjab, such as maash di dal and saron da saag (sarson ka saag).
Article: Chernobyl disaster
Section: Thyroid cancer

Question: How many cases of thyroid cancer were reported in 2005?

The 2005 Chernobyl Forum report revealed thyroid cancer among children to be one of the main health impacts from the Chernobyl accident.
In that publication more than 4000 cases were reported, and that there was no evidence of an increase in solid cancers or leukemia.
It said that there was an increase in psychological problems among the affected population.
Dr Michael Repacholi, manager of WHO's Radiation Program reported that the 4000 cases of thyroid cancer resulted in nine deaths.
According to UNSCEAR, up to the year 2005, an excess of over 6000 cases of thyroid cancer have been reported.
That is, over the estimated pre-accident baseline thyroid cancer rate, more than 6000 casual cases of thyroid cancer have been reported in children and adolescents exposed at the time of the accident, a number that is expected to increase.
They concluded that there is no other evidence of major health impacts from the radiation exposure.
Well-differentiated thyroid cancers are generally treatable, and when treated the five-year survival rate of thyroid cancer is 96%, and 92% after 30 years.
UNSCEAR had reported 15 deaths from thyroid cancer in 2011.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) also states that there has been no increase in the rate of birth defects or abnormalities, or solid cancers (such as lung cancer) corroborating UNSCEAR's assessments.
UNSCEAR does raise the possibility of long term genetic defects, pointing to a doubling of radiation-induced minisatellite mutations among children born in 1994.
However, the risk of thyroid cancer associated with the Chernobyl accident is still high according to published studies.
The German affiliate of the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) argued that more than 10,000 people are today affected by thyroid cancer and 50,000 cases are expected in the future.
Article: The Creation of Adam
Section: Anatomical theories

Question: The background figures and shapes discussion by Frank Meshberger took place in what year?

Several hypotheses have been put forward about the meaning of "The Creation of Adam"'s highly original composition, many of them taking Michelangelo's well-documented expertise in human anatomy as their starting point.
In 1990, an Anderson, Indiana physician named Frank Lynn Meshberger, M.D.
noted in the medical publication the "Journal of the American Medical Association" that the background figures and shapes portrayed behind the figure of God appeared to be an anatomically accurate picture of the human brain.
Dr. Meshberger's interpretation has been discussed by Dr. Mark Lee Appler.
On close examination, borders in the painting correlate with major sulci of the cerebrum in the inner and outer surface of the brain, the brain stem, the frontal lobe, the basilar artery, the pituitary gland and the optic chiasm.
Alternatively, it has been observed that the red cloth around God has the shape of a human uterus (one art historian has called it a "uterine mantle"), and that the scarf hanging out, coloured green, could be a newly cut umbilical cord.
"This is an interesting hypothesis that presents the Creation scene as an idealised representation of the physical birth of man.
It explains the navel that appears on Adam, which is at first perplexing because he was created, not born of a woman."
Article: Turkey
Section: Military

Question: Who has the second largest standing armed force in NATO?

Turkey has the second largest standing armed force in NATO, after the US Armed Forces, with an estimated strength of 495,000 deployable forces, according to a 2011 NATO estimate.
Turkey is one of five NATO member states which are part of the nuclear sharing policy of the alliance, together with Belgium, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands.
A total of 90 B61 nuclear bombs are hosted at the Incirlik Air Base, 40 of which are allocated for use by the Turkish Air Force in case of a nuclear conflict, but their use requires the approval of NATO.
The Turkish Armed Forces consists of the Land Forces, the Naval Forces and the Air Force.
The Gendarmerie and the Coast Guard operate as parts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in peacetime, although they are subordinated to the Army and Navy Commands respectively in wartime, during which they have both internal law enforcement and military functions.
The Chief of the General Staff is appointed by the President and is responsible to the Prime Minister.
The Council of Ministers is responsible to the Parliament for matters of national security and the adequate preparation of the armed forces to defend the country.
However, the authority to declare war and to deploy the Turkish Armed Forces to foreign countries or to allow foreign armed forces to be stationed in Turkey rests solely with the Parliament.
The actual Commander of the Armed Forces is the Chief of the General Staff General Necdet Özel since 4 August 2011.
Every fit male Turkish citizen otherwise not barred is required to serve in the military for a period ranging from three weeks to a year, dependent on education and job location.
Turkey does not recognise conscientious objection and does not offer a civilian alternative to military service.
Article: Gravitational wave
Section: Radiation from other sources

Question: What causes stars to grow closer to one another?

Although the waves from the Earth-Sun system are minuscule, astronomers can point to other sources for which the radiation should be substantial.
One important example is the Hulse-Taylor binary — a pair of stars, one of which is a pulsar.
The characteristics of their orbit can be deduced from the Doppler shifting of radio signals given off by the pulsar.
Each of the stars has a mass about 1.4 times that of the Sun and the size of their orbit is about 1/75 of the Earth-Sun orbit.
This means the distance between the two stars is just a few times larger than the diameter of our own Sun.
The combination of greater masses and smaller separation means that the energy given off by the Hulse-Taylor binary will be far greater than the energy given off by the Earth-Sun system — roughly 1022 times as much.
The information about the orbit can be used to predict just how much energy (and angular momentum) should be given off in the form of gravitational waves.
As the energy is carried off, the stars should draw closer to each other.
This effect is called an inspiral, and it can be observed in the pulsar's signals.
The measurements on the Hulse-Taylor system have been carried out over more than 30 years.
It has been shown that the gravitational radiation predicted by general relativity allows these observations to be matched within 0.2 percent.
In 1993, Russell Hulse and Joe Taylor were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for this work, which was the first indirect evidence for gravitational waves.
Unfortunately, the orbital lifetime of this binary system before merger is about 1.84 billion years.
This is a substantial fraction of the age of the universe.
Inspirals are very important sources of gravitational waves.
Any time two compact objects (white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes) are in close orbits, they send out intense gravitational waves.
As they spiral closer to each other, these waves become more intense.
At some point they should become so intense that direct detection by their effect on objects on Earth or in space is possible.
This direct detection is the goal of several large scale experiments.
The only difficulty is that most systems like the Hulse-Taylor binary are so far away.
The amplitude of waves given off by the Hulse-Taylor binary as seen on Earth would be roughly "h" ≈ 10−26.
There are some sources, however, that astrophysicists expect to find with much larger amplitudes of "h" ≈ 10−20.
At least eight other binary pulsars have been discovered.
Article: Denmark
Section: Viking and Middle Ages

Question: Why is it recognized that Denmark emerged into a Christian country?

From the 8th to the 10th century, the Danes, as well as Norwegians and Swedes, were known as Vikings.
They colonised, raided, and traded in all parts of Europe.
Viking explorers first discovered Iceland by accident in the 9th century, on the way towards the Faroe Islands and eventually came across "Vinland" (Land of wine), also known today as Newfoundland, a province in Canada.
The Danish Vikings were most active in the British Isles and Western Europe.
They conquered and settled parts of England (known as the Danelaw) under King Sweyn Forkbeard in 1013, Ireland, and France where they founded Normandy.
More Anglo-Saxon pence of this period have been found in Denmark than in England.
As attested by the Jelling stones, the Danes were united and Christianised about 965 by Harald Bluetooth.
It is believed that Denmark became Christian for political reasons so as not to get invaded by the rising Christian power in Europe, Germania, which was an important trading area for the Danes.
In that case Harald built six fortresses around Denmark called Trelleborg and built a further Danevirke.
In the early 11th century, Canute the Great won and united Denmark, England, and Norway for almost 30 years.
Throughout the High and Late Middle Ages, Denmark also included Skåneland (Skåne, Halland, and Blekinge) and Danish kings ruled Danish Estonia, as well as the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein.
Most of the latter two now form the state of Schleswig-Holstein in northern Germany.
In 1397, Denmark entered into a personal union with Norway and Sweden, united under Queen Margaret I.
The three countries were to be treated as equals in the union.
However, even from the start Margaret may not have been so idealistic—treating Denmark as the clear "senior" partner of the union.
Thus, much of the next 125 years of Scandinavian history revolves around this union, with Sweden breaking off and being re-conquered repeatedly.
The issue was for practical purposes resolved on 17 June 1523, as Swedish King Gustav Vasa conquered the city of Stockholm.
The Protestant Reformation came to Scandinavia in the 1530s, and following the Count's Feud civil war, Denmark converted to Lutheranism in 1536.
Later that year, Denmark entered into a union with Norway.
Article: The Amazing Race 21
Section: Episode title quotes

Question: The episode "We Was Robbed" featured which character?

Episode titles are often taken from quotes made by the racers.
 "Double Your Money (Shanghai, China)" – "Phil Keoghan"
 "Long Hair, Don't Care (Surabaya, Indonesia)" – "Jaymes"
 "There's No Crying in Baseball (Bangil, Indonesia)" – "Brittany"
 "Funky Monkey (Dhaka, Bangladesh)" – "Abbie"
 "Chill Out, Freak (Dhaka, Bangladesh)" – "Natalie"
 "Get Your Sexy On (Istanbul, Turkey)" – "Nadiya"
 "Off to See the Wizard (Moscow, Russia)" – "James" 
 "We Was Robbed (Moscow, Russia)" – "James" 
 "Fishy Kiss (Amsterdam, Netherlands)" – "Nadiya"
 "Not a Well-Rounded Athlete (Mallorca, Spain)" – "James" 
 "Take Down That Million (Loire Valley, France & New York City, New York)" – "Trey"
Article: Snowboarding
Section: Jibbing

Question: Jibbing can be defined as what?

Jibbing is technical riding on non-standard surfaces, usually performing tricks.
The word "jib" is both a noun and a verb, depending on the usage of the word.
As a noun: a jib includes metal rails, boxes, benches, concrete ledges, walls, vehicles, rocks and logs.
As a verb: to jib is referring to the action of jumping, sliding or riding on top of objects other than snow.
It is directly influenced by grinding a skateboard.
Jibbing is a freestyle snowboarding technique of riding.
Typically jibbing occurs in a snowboard resort park but can also be done in urban environments.
Freeride snowboarders also commonly find incidental jibs, such as a downed tree, that prove suitable to ride over in the course of their line or run.
Article: Hey Jude
Section: Single release

Question: How long did the Beatles single "Hey Jude'' stay in the US charts?

"Hey Jude" was released on 26 August 1968 in the United States and 30 August in the United Kingdom, backed with "Revolution" on the B-side of a 7" single.
The single was the debut release of the Beatles' record label Apple Records; in the US, it was also the first Beatles' single to be issued in a company sleeve rather than a picture sleeve.
Even though "Hey Jude" was recorded during the sessions for the album "The Beatles", also known as the White Album, it was always intended as a single and not an album track, although it would eventually make its LP debut two years later as the title cut on the compilation album originally titled "The Beatles Again".
Lennon wanted "Revolution" to be the A-side of the single, but the other Beatles did not agree.
In his 1970 interview with "Rolling Stone", he said "Hey Jude" was worthy of an A-side, "but we could have had both."
Ten years later in 1980, he told "Playboy" he still disagreed with the decision.
"Hey Jude" began its sixteen-week run on the British charts on 7 September 1968, claiming the top spot a week later.
It only lasted two weeks on top before being knocked off by another single from Apple, Mary Hopkin's "Those Were the Days" (a song which, incidentally, if not penned was actually produced by McCartney).
The single was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on 13 September; that same week "NME" reported that two million copies of the single had been sold.
The song entered the US charts on 14 September 1968, where it stayed for nineteen weeks.
Two weeks later, "Hey Jude" was number one in the charts and held that position for nine weeks, the longest time spent by a Beatles' single at number one, as well as being the longest-playing single to reach number one.
The song was the 16th number one hit for the band in the US, tying Elvis Presley's record at the time for most number one songs there.
"Hey Jude" clocked in at 7:11.
The only other chart-topping song worldwide in the 1960s that ran over seven minutes was Richard Harris' "MacArthur Park".
In the UK, where "MacArthur Park" did not top the chart, "Hey Jude" remained the longest number-one hit for nearly a quarter of a century, until it was surpassed in 1993 by Meat Loaf's "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)", which ran 7:58 as a single.
On 30 November 1968, "NME" reported that sales had reached nearly six million copies worldwide.
"Hey Jude" became the biggest-selling debut release for a record label ever, selling an estimated eight million copies worldwide and topping the charts in eleven countries.
"Hey Jude" was the top Billboard Hot 100 single for 1968, according to year-end charts.
Less than three weeks after its release, the record was certified gold for sales of one million copies.
In 1999, it was certified 4x platinum, representing four million units shipped.
Article: Switzerland
Section: Literature

Question: During which time period did Bern, Switzerland make French language fashionable?

As the Confederation, from its foundation in 1291, was almost exclusively composed of German-speaking regions, the earliest forms of literature are in German.
In the 18th century, French became the fashionable language in Bern and elsewhere, while the influence of the French-speaking allies and subject lands was more marked than before.
Among the classics of Swiss German literature are Jeremias Gotthelf (1797–1854) and Gottfried Keller (1819–1890).
The undisputed giants of 20th century Swiss literature are Max Frisch (1911–91) and Friedrich Dürrenmatt (1921–90), whose repertoire includes "Die Physiker" (The Physicists) and "Das Versprechen" (), released in 2001 as a Hollywood film.
Prominent French-speaking writers were Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) and Germaine de Staël (1766–1817).
More recent authors include Charles Ferdinand Ramuz (1878–1947), whose novels describe the lives of peasants and mountain dwellers, set in a harsh environment and Blaise Cendrars (born Frédéric Sauser, 1887–1961).
Also Italian and Romansh-speaking authors contributed but in more modest way given their small number.
Probably the most famous Swiss literary creation, "Heidi", the story of an orphan girl who lives with her grandfather in the Alps, is one of the most popular children's books ever and has come to be a symbol of Switzerland.
Her creator, Johanna Spyri (1827–1901), wrote a number of other books around similar themes.
Article: Claude Monet
Section: First "Impressionist" exhibition

Question: Who coined the term "Impressionism"?

Monet and Impressionism.
First "Impressionist" exhibition.
From the late 1860s, Monet and other like-minded artists met with rejection from the conservative Académie des Beaux-Arts which held its annual exhibition at the Salon de Paris.
During the latter part of 1873, Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro, and Alfred Sisley organized the Société anonyme des artistes peintres, sculpteurs et graveurs (Cooperative and Anonymous Association of Painters, Sculptors, and Engravers) to exhibit their artworks independently.
At their first exhibition, held in April 1874, Monet exhibited the work that was to give the group its lasting name.
"Impression, Sunrise" was painted in 1872, depicting a Le Havre port landscape.
From the painting's title the art critic Louis Leroy, in his review, "L'Exposition des Impressionnistes," which appeared in Le Charivari, coined the term "Impressionism".
It was intended as disparagement but the Impressionists appropriated the term for themselves.
Article: Vietnam War
Section: North Korea

Question: How many pilots were there in 1968?

As a result of a decision of the Korean Workers' Party in October 1966, in early 1967 North Korea sent a fighter squadron to North Vietnam to back up the North Vietnamese 921st and 923rd fighter squadrons defending Hanoi.
They stayed through 1968, and 200 pilots were reported to have served.
In addition, at least two anti-aircraft artillery regiments were sent as well.
North Korea also sent weapons, ammunition and two million sets of uniforms to their comrades in North Vietnam.
Kim Il-sung is reported to have told his pilots to "fight in the war as if the Vietnamese sky were their own".
Article: Football
Section: Irish and Australian varieties

Question: What is the AFL?

 Australian rules football — officially known as "Australian football", and informally as "football", "footy" or "Aussie rules".
In some areas it is referred to as "AFL", the name of the main organising body and competition
* Auskick — a version of Australian rules designed by the AFL for young children
* Metro footy (or Metro rules footy) — a modified version invented by the USAFL, for use on gridiron fields in North American cities (which often lack grounds large enough for conventional Australian rules matches)
* Kick-to-kick – informal versions of the game
* 9-a-side footy — a more open, running variety of Australian rules, requiring 18 players in total and a proportionally smaller playing area (includes contact and non-contact varieties)
* Rec footy — "Recreational Football", a modified non-contact variation of Australian rules, created by the AFL, which replaces tackles with tags
* Touch Aussie Rules — a non-contact variation of Australian Rules played only in the United Kingdom
* Samoa rules — localised version adapted to Samoan conditions, such as the use of rugby football fields
* Masters Australian football (a.k.a.
"Superules") — reduced contact version introduced for competitions limited to players over 30 years of age
* Women's Australian rules football — women's competition played with a smaller ball and (sometimes) reduced contact
 Gaelic football — Played predominantly in Ireland.
Commonly referred to as "football" or "Gaelic"
*Ladies Gaelic football
 International rules football — a compromise code used for games between Gaelic and Australian Rules players