There are also non-genetic sequences of nucleotides which exist between the genes. Also, remember that we're actually dealing with two strands of linked nucleotides. Each gene codes for its own specific bit of information. Some genes work independently to create a genetic factor, and others work together to code for a common trait. This may explain why the study of polygenic traits is so difficult.
Several processes are involved, the first of which is transcription .
During transcription, the twisted strands unravel and separate and a matching pattern of nucleotides is made from one of the strands which acts as a template. The mRNA leaves the cell nucleus and travels to ribosomes which exist in the cell's cytoplasm. When the RNA leaves the nucleus DNA strands resume their original double helix structure. Now, a process called translation occurs at the site of the ribosomes. This involves the translation of the RNA nucleotides into amino acids.