These liver changes are similar to those resulting from the consumption of alcoholic beverages or smoking cigarettes. Animal studies also have suggested that PCBs can affect the immune, endocrine, and reproductive systems, but these effects are uncertain in humans. Large amounts of PCBs given to laboratory animals over a short time can cause cancer. Studies of human workers exposed to high levels of PCBs for long periods have not consistently shown that PCBs cause cancer in humans. Most people have a measurable amount of PCBs in their bodies.
Tests are available to measure PCBs in the blood, body fat, and breast milk.
A blood test is the best method for measuring exposure to large amounts of PCBs. Although measuring PCBs in the body is possible, the analysis is expensive, time-consuming, and not generally recommended because the results do not predict health effects or treatment. Avoiding contact with contaminated soils and sediments can reduce your exposure to PCBs. This guide recommends what fish you should and should not eat and how to properly prepare fish for eating. Because PCBs accumulate in fish fat, people can reduce their intake of PCBs by removing the skin and fatty areas from fish fillets.