Social studies is integrative in its treatment of topics. It is integrative across time and space. Social studies teaching integrates knowledge, skills, beliefs, values, and attitudes to action. Social studies teaching and learning integrate effective use of technology. Social studies teaching and learning integrate across the curriculum.
Social studies teaching and learning are powerful when they are value-based.
Powerful social studies teaching considers the ethical dimensions of topics and addresses controversial issues, providing an arena for reflective development of concern for the common good and application of social values. Students are made aware of potential social policy implications and taught to think critically and make value-based decisions about related social issues. Powerful social studies teaching encourages recognition of opposing points of view, respect for well-supported positions, sensitivity to cultural similarities and differences, and a commitment to social responsibility. Social studies teaching and learning are powerful when they are challenging. Students are expected to strive to accomplish the instructional goals, both as individuals and as group members.