The head movements can be exploited experimentally to reveal sensorimotor integration of auditory cues. Each cue can represent a particular spatial location K2 Topographic arrangement of neurons sensitive to different cues produces a computational map of sound location in the midbrain which is unique to each bird. The construction of this map is dependent upon experience. Pathway segregation allows for specialization of function and then recombination at a higher level. The work of Knudsen and colleagues have proven very valuable in understanding the development and plasticity of subcortical sensory pathways.
Visual deprivation has no effect on azimuth map formation but disrupts the elevational map.
Recovery back to the normal map has a longer critical period than shifting the map to an abnormal state. Midbrain Inferior colliculus central n. receives binaural info from laminaris and VLVp and monaural input from cochlear nuclei external n. convergence of ILD and ITD info, space-tuned auditory neurons Optic tectum has bimodal cells whose RFs are aligned spatially. K12 Mechanism is altered ICc to ICx projection. Depends on NMDA receptor-based glutamate currents to boost learned response K14 and GABAergic suppression of normal response. . Specialized filters Multiple solutions due to multiple habitats, behavior .