The 55 men and 49 women who developed gallstones in this period were matched with controls from the rest of the population. Dieting, caffeine, and smoking were not related to stone formation. Monounsaturated fat intake appeared to be protective while sugar and saturated fat consumption were positively related to gallstone formation. This effect was stronger in men than in women. This study appeared in the January 1999 issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
Women are at greater risk than men.
The more overweight a person is, the more likely she is to get stones. The more children a women has the more likely she will have gallstones. In this study women were not at greater risk than men. We don't know what type of stones were found in this population, but the most common is primarily cholesterol while the other type is mostly bile pigments. There are different risk factors for the two types of stones.