The branch of surgery which deals with the bones and joints and other structures closely related to them. Movement of a patient's joint by a person who is examining or treating the patient. Contrast with active motion which is carried out by the patient himself. A vertebral defect predisposing to spondylolisthesis. The condition consists of a congenital anomaly causing a separation of the articular facets, usually in the lumbar spine, symptoms of low back pain and sciatica may result.
Treatment consists of supports and other orthopaedic measures.
The lower five vertebrae fused together and joined with the pelvis. The joint between the sacrum and pelvic bone and ilium. Abnormal curvature of the vertebral column, a lateral curvature. A bone operation which results in strengthening of the spinal column by obliteration of the joints between some of the vertebrae. A defect in a vertebra between the pedicle and the lamina with forward displacement of the upper facet and the vertebra above.