Use appropriate tools and techniques to gather, analyze, and interpret data. Develop descriptions, explanations, predictions, and models using evidence. Recognize and analyze alternative explanations and predictions. A substance has characteristic properties, such as density, a boiling point, and solubility, all of which are independent of the amount of the sample. A mixture of substances can often be separated into the original substances using one or more of the characteristic properties.
Substances react chemically in characteristic ways with other substances.
Earth and Space Science Landforms are the result of a combination of constructive and destructive forces. Water evaporates from the earth's surface, rises and cools as it moves to higher elevations, condenses as rain or snow, and falls to the surface where it collects in lakes, oceans, soil, and in rocks underground. Water is a solvent. As it passes through the water cycle, it dissolves minerals and gases and carries them to the oceans. The atmosphere is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and trace gases that include water vapor.