Volinia soils have mollic epipedons. The Ionia soils are on outwash plains, terraces, valley trains, and ground moraines. Slope gradients range from 0 to 6 percent, but typically are 0 to 2 percent. The Ionia soils are the moderately well drained member of a drainage sequence that includes the well drained Fox , somewhat poorly drained Matherton , and poorly drained Sebewa soils. Moderately well drained.
Surface runoff is slow on nearly level areas, and medium on the gentle slopes.
Permeability is moderate in the loamy upper part of the profile and rapid or very rapid in the substratum. Most areas are used for general farming. The principal crops are corn, beans, small grains, and legume-grass hay. Some areas support a native vegetation of mixed hardwoods including northern red oak, sugar maple, shagbark hickory, and American beech. This series is of moderate extent.