A set of conditions defined to allow convenient comparison of thermodynamic properties. The standard state for a gas is the the state of the pure substance in the gaseous phase at the standard pressure , with the gas behaving ideally. The standard state for liquids and solids is the state of the most stable form of the substance at the standard pressure. Standard pressure is a pressure of 1 bar. Compare with heat and thermodynamic temperature .
Temperature is an intensive property associated with the hotness or coldness of an object.
An compact equation representing a chemical reaction that describes both the stoichiometry and the energetics of the reaction. The study of heat absorbed or released during chemical changes. A system is at thermodynamic equilibrium if the energy it gains from its surroundings is exactly balanced by the energy it loses, no matter how much time is allowed to pass. The study of energy transfers and transformations. The science of temperature measurement.