Substance A is present in the urine. Substance B is not normally present in the urine. Describe the elements and function of the pulmonary stretch receptor reflex. A patient is brought into the ER with a penetrating stab wound to the left pleural cavity.
Vital capacity decreases with age.
However, total lung volume does not change. Describe the characteristics of the two loops of Henle with respect to the reabsorption of sodium, water and chloride. On climbing from sea level to 14,000 feet most individuals will experience fatigue. Account for this in terms of blood gas composition at 14,000 feet and the responses of central and peripheral chemoreceptors. Note the following graph.