The Siwa are characterized by light to medium brown skin color, dark brown eyes, wavy hair, and noticeably narrow heads. They are primarily farmers whose staple crops include dates and olives. Also grown to a lesser degree are wheat, barley, sorghum, broad beans, and onions. The agricultural work is primarily done by the men. Most land is held as private property by individuals and can be bought and sold.
Water rights are very important.
The Siwa do not keep camels, although they are used in the caravan trade. Native domestic animals include cattle, goats, donkeys, dogs, and a few sheep. Milk is an important element in their diet, as is the butter made from the milk. They are Muslims, and according to Islamic law inheritances are traced through the males. Wealth distinctions are very important to the Siwa.