Spasticity caused by spinal cord lesions is often characterised by a slow increase in excitation and over-activity of both flexors and extensors with reactions possibly occurring many segments from the stimulus. Management of spasticity Treatment aims for individual patients must be identified in order to optimise management. This must be completed before therapy begins to ensure that functional benefits are achieved. Progress can be assessed using spasticity rating scales. This scale assesses muscle tone and is based on the examiner's subjective assessment of the resistance experienced when muscles are passively lengthened.
Treatment can be either physical or pharmacological.
Spasticity chronicity, duration, severity, distribution, locus of injury, and availability of support all influence the choice of treatment. Physical management Physical therapy is a common choice in first line management, but it also has proven benefits when combined with other treatments. Various physical interventions may help control spasticity. For example, positioning of limbs by splinting and casting, passive stretching using exercise regimes, and special seating to encourage good posture. Physiotherapists, occupational therapists and orthotists are experts in physical techniques.