Latex allergy occurs when the body's natural defences against an allergen come into force. Antibodies are produced by the initial reaction to latex which sensitise the cells in all tissues. The severity of subsequent reactions depends on the means of entry of the antigen. Exposure to latex occurs when products containing rubber come in contact with a person's skin or mucous membranes such as the mouth, eyes, genitals, bladder or rectum.
Serious reactions can also occur when latex enters the bloodstream.
In addition, the powder from balloons or gloves can absorb particles and become airborne causing reactions when breathed by a latex sensitive person. Skin contact produces a less severe reaction this is usually raised, pinkish, itchy weals, which develop suddenly and last a few days, but leave no visible trace. Although widely accepted in the United States, latex allergy is still not considered a problem by authorities over here. This is partly due to lack of research into the extent of latex allergy among patients and medical staff, and partly due to a belief that it is impurities in the latex which cause the allergic reaction, not the latex itself. More is known about latex allergy in hospital staff and dentists than in patients.