In summer, marine mammals have access to and are found at traditional smmering areas. Belugas make daily trips to the Mackenzie estuary, and estuaries in the high arctic and Hudson Bay. Walrus spend much time hauled out on traditional terrestrial haul out sites. Narwhal and harp seals are found throughout their range. Seabirds and waterfowl eggs hatch and young are reared.
Summer is easiest described as the period between spring and fall.
The southward migration of breeding care-giving waterfowl and shorebird adults and young. Some migrations occur quickly with the entire population leaving in the space of a week while others are slower and animals may leave in groups with adult males, juveniles and mothers with calves leaving at different times. All seabirds, waterfowl and shorebirds have departed for the south. The appearance of ice in the open water areas that does not melt. The absence of migratory marine mammals.