The foreign language requirement must be satisfied before the student takes qualifying exams. In order to qualify as candidates for the doctoral degree, students must pass examinations in their chosen fields. The examinations aim to assess the student's mastery of the history and historiography of the fields. The student takes three written exams. Student answers two out of four questions.
Student answers two out of four questions.
Student answers one out of two questions. The exams may be taken in any order on any working days within one 7-day period. The student takes an oral exam of two hours on all fields within two months of the written exams. All examiners have the opportunity to ask questions about the written exam or about the field in general. The student's competence in the minor field is assessed entirely on the basis of the oral exam.