In Central Asia, shredded carrots, meat, and onion are added. Uzbekistan is distinct from other Central Asian republics in that it not only has the largest Muslim population but, over the centuries, its cities, especially Bukhara, have served as centers of learning. The Mir Arab Madrasah attracts students interested in theology from throughout the world. Similarly, the Uzbek Academy of Sciences, established in 1943, contributes immensely to the development of the sciences and the arts of the region. Summer in Uzbekistan is long, dry, hot, and cloudless.
Winter is usually short.
After the break up of the Golden Horde and the creation of the Khanates of Crimea and Kazan, the Uzbeks broke away from the Khanates and settled in the region between the Lower Volga and the Aral Sea. Then, at the beginning of the 16th century, led by Shiban Khan, they invaded Bukhara, captured Samarqand, Tashkent, and Urgench. The Astarkhanids practiced religious toleranace and kept good relations with Shi'ite Safavids of Iran. Originally, the Uzbeks were made up of 97 tribes. They are indistinguishable from the Tajiks and, like the latter, do not have any tribal organization.