Studies have been performed comparing the matrix products of tissue engineered cartilage formed from ear and costal-derived chondrocytes versus that from articular type cells. Because of the close interaction of the perichondrium and skin in the cranial cartilages, we are studying means to create lamination of soft tissues over the engineered cartilage as well. In collaboration with the MGH Orthopaedic service, we have a program investigating repair of meniscal lesions using scaffolds and cells. Tears to the inner portion of the meniscus, referred to as the white or avascular zone, do not heal. Using a cell-seeded scaffold implanted into a lesion in a nude mouse model, we have demonstrated that this portion of the mensicus can heal.
Studies are underway exploring scaffold materials and different cell sources to effect the repair.
Initial studies have begun in swine to evaluate these techniques in situ. Despite improvements in the success rate of free tissue transfers since the origin of the procedure, there is still a significant complication rate. Understanding flap perfusion parameters and avoiding the possible injury inflicted by reperfusion are central to the clinical success of free flap transfers. Our laboratory has undertaken several studies to elucidate these perfusion parameters including flaps in which and arteriovenous fistula have been created or the flaps have been delayed prior to transfer. Such studies are valuable in designing new flaps for defect coverage in clinical practice.