This is a very difficult topic both in terms of the scientific questions it raises and the political economy aspects.
True recycling is difficult for many forms of garbage.
Steel and aluminum cans are stars of recycling. Some products can be transformed into new products that are not recyclable at this time. This plastic will end up burned or in the dump eventual. Last year it was difficult to give newspaper away but this year there is a shortage of newsprint. There are biotechnological solutions to this problem being worked out now.