Students understand how physical processes shape Earth's surface patterns and systems. Students understand how economic, political, cultural, and social processes interact to shape patterns of human populations, interdependence, cooperation, and conflict. Students understand the effects of interactions between human and physical systems and the changes in meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources. Students apply knowledge of people, places, and environments to understand the past and present and to plan for the future. Students understand the chronological organization of history and know how to organize events and people into major eras to identify and explain historical relationships.
Students know how to use the processes and resources of historical inquiry.
Students understand that societies are diverse and have changed over time. Students understand how science, technology, and economic activity have developed, changed, and affected societies throughout history. Students understand political institutions and theories that have developed and changed over time. Students know that religious and philosophical ideas have been powerful forces throughout history. Students recognize and use the visual arts as a form of communication.