He theorized that children begin the process of learning long before they enter a school, through the social interaction with the people and objects in their natural environment using gestures and vocalizations. The first level is referred to by various labels such as lower, elementary, or natural mental functions. The child at this level does not posses individual control over this environment and when confronted with new situations or problems, must access the support and knowledge of more capable others to resolve and explain new phenomena. These outer experiences exist between two individuals within a social unit. The experiences between the individuals are understood by each through translation and negotiation of social values.
Words are results of dialogic situations.
Words do not reside in dictionaries. The difference between dialogic words and dictionary words is that the former relates to theme and the latter to meaning. The central idea here is that talking about an experience, even if only in the context of internal, egocentric speech, forms the basis of that experience. The third stage is critical because it can be evaluated to see the process a child goes through to solve a problem. The fourth stage, is also important because it corresponds to the appearance of higher order thinking skills where a child uses hisorher inner speech to develop thought.