The validity of scientific claims is settled by referring to observations of phenomena. Hence, scientists concentrate on acquiring accurate data. The work of Jane Goodall with c himpanzees is an example of the observational method. In some circumstances, scientists can control conditions deliberately and precisely to obtain their evidence. They may, for example, control the temperature, change the concentration of chemicals, or choose which organisms mate with w hich others.
Scientists identify problems, form hypotheses and test the hypotheses in experiments.
A scientist may use any one or all of the approaches to solve a problem. Scientists must publish their results in scientific journals so that those results can be reviewed by other scientists all over the world. A new observation or discovery, moreover, is not considered valid, even after publication, until at least one other investigator has repeated the observation and confirmed it. Science is the product, nOt of individuals , but of a scientific community. The process depends both on making careful observations of phenomena and on inventing theories for making sense Out of those observations.