Instead, it gives you a sound process for framing problems and making decisions. You learn to define the key elements of the decision, focus on the right problem, and identify tradeoffs and choices. These approaches can be used when dealing with simple problems, as well as complex or data-intensive challenges. Clearheaded decision making is even more difficult when you are drowning in a sea of information. Today's managers must learn how to handle information overload, intellectual diversity, and profound ambiguity.
Time is short, and real decisions are never as simple as case studies.
Instead, you must operate in an environment of time pressure, uncertainty, randomness, and biases. Imperfect but timely decisions are generally superior to perfect choices made too late. Separate the merely random event from the systematic pattern. Convert conflicting expert opinions into useful insights. Identify acceptable risks in alternative decisions.