We do not have a URL to existing documentation. However, in a nutshell, several different approaches are used to perform authentication and authorization. Some Web-based applications running on Solaris systems authenticate using a local database of usernames and passwords such as through Apache's native interface to dbm or Perl or PHP interfaces to a MySQL relational database. A Web-based email application running on a Solaris system authenticates using an LDAP directory server containing usernames and passwords.
Users see an HTML form with fields to enter their username and password.
They click on a button to send the data to the server which authenticates them. If authenticated, the user is presented with the next page from that site. We do not use a separate web-login server. See question 1. 4. Yes but most static Web pages are not controlled.