The symptoms are caused by degeneration of structures in the cerebellum and spinal cord responsible for coordination and muscle movement and some sensory functions.
Symptoms generally begin in childhood and before puberty.
Abnormal muscle control and tone lead to spinal changes and scoliosis or kyphoscoliosis may develop. Heart disease may develop and progress into heart failure . Death may result from heart failure or dysrhythmias that will not respond to treatment. Genetic counseling is recommended for prospective parents with a family history of Friedreich ataxia . Treatment is based on controlling symptoms and maintaining general health.