Both students and teachers assume responsibility for learning. Relevant, authentic learning tasks of optimal difficulty, novelty, and flexibility are provided. The learner passively receives knowledge from the teacher. Only the teacher asks questions of students. Only the teacher answers student questions.
Students learn from each other, as well as from the teacher and other sources.
No attempt is made at application of learning beyond the classroom. Emphasis is on rote learning and memorizing. Teacher talk dominates the classroom. The teacher uses multiple intelligences and learning styles research to provide alternative avenues for learning. Students are tested on their ability to memorize and regurgitate information, with no requirements to show how they can use that knowledge in authentic ways.