Students will have to become dissatisfied with their old idea and abandon it before they can construct the new idea that gravity accelerates all objects at the same rate and that their experience with the rock and paper demonstrates something else. Students can't learn by adding new information to old misconceptions. They have to change their conceptions. Therefore, teachers must know what misconceptions are likely and create an environment in which the students become aware of the misconceptions and have a need for new conceptions. In this environment, students must consider and talk about what they think, and teachers must listen in order to hear the students' conceptions.
Students achieve a minimal understanding of the new scientific or mathematical conception.
The new conception appears plausible to students. Students see the new conception as fruitful and useful to understanding in a variety of settings. Constructivism assumes that individuals are creative and dynamic. Instead of merely being acted on by their situations, people act dynamically to effect changes based on how they think and regulate their activities. Accepting and encouraging student initiation of ideas.