In the last fifty years there has been a growing need for storage and management systems for the production and maintenance of large numbers of dogs. Unwanted dogs and strays, detained in kennels, stay for various lengths of time. Across the United States, literally tens of thousands of dogs are born in kennels and spend their lives in kennels. The laboratory dog, the kennel dog, the service dog, and the companion dog are in an evolutionary transition period, accompanied by concomitant adaptation to stresses signaled by a high frequency of genetic disease and behavioral abnormalities. For kennel enrichment programs, such as socialization and exercise, the modern kenneled dog is a genetically moving target.
Specific recommendations apply neither to all breeds nor to the variations within a single breed.
The term psychological well-being is perhaps best known because of its inclusion in legislation. The American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquaria accredited zoos have a long history of seeking better ways to house and exhibit nonhuman primates. However, comments in the remainder of this manuscript apply only to nonhuman primates used in research, education, and testing. However, current data collection efforts are insufficient to identify the magnitude, dynamics, or root causes of euthanasias in animal shelters across the United States. The purpose of this study was to examine potential solutions to the underlying root causes of pet overpopulation, with two elements.