The passive collectors absorb radiation and convert it to heat naturally, without being designed and built to do so. People use energy for many things, but a few general tasks consume most of the energy. These tasks include transportation, heating, cooling, and the generation of electricity. Solar energy can be applied to all four of these tasks with different levels of success. Heating is the business for which solar energy is best suited.
Solar heating requires almost no energy transformation, so it has a very high efficiency.
Heat energy can be stored in a liquid, such as water, or in a packed bed. These devices will utilize a chemical that changes phase from solid to liquid at a temperature that can be produced by the solar collector. The energy of the collector is used to change the chemical to its liquid phase, and is as a result stored in the chemical itself. It can be tapped later by allowing the chemical to revert to its solid form. Solar energy is frequently used in residential homes to heat water.