Topographic information can provide the basis for simulations. Temperature and moisture monitoring could indicate environments conducive to epidemics. GPS-based sensors can monitor displacements and seismic activity, leading to predictions. Satellite-based communication can contribute after the event. Visible sensing can provide weather prediction.
Satellites can provide emergency communication.
Remote sensing can monitor ground saturation, flooding, etc. Remote sensing can measure water, ground moisture, and chlorophyll. Satellite images can monitor ash clouds, to aid aircraft routing and public health teams. Oil on the water's surface is visible, so size and drift of oil spills can be monitored. NASA's Earth Science mission should be enhanced to provide remote-sensing data to disaster agencies.