Wetlands microorganisms, as well as wetlands plants, serve as environmental filters by trapping impurities such as toxins and excessive nutrients as water flows through the wetlands system. Meanwhile, wetlands plants strain silt and larger debris from the water. The wetlands plants and sediment also serve to balance nutrient sources and sinks . Too much atmospheric carbon can contribute to global climate change. In addition, wetlands serve as environmental sponges, absorbing and temporarily storing excess water caused by runoff, thus preventing flooding.
Wetlands also provide a home or habitat for many species of microorganisms, plants and animals.
Wetlands serve as a resting place for migratory birds and a nursery for many young animals. The microorganisms, plants, and animals that find shelter in the wetlands serve as food for other microorganisms, plants, and animals. Birds feeding in Savannas in St. Lucie County, Florida. Photo courtesy of South Florida Water Management District. Lastly, wetlands provide a sink in which energy is stored.