The onset may be rapid, and may follow an upper respiratory infection . The infection occurs in winter or spring, and may cause local epidemics at boarding schools or military bases. Risk factors are exposure to meningococcal meningitis, and recent upper respiratory infection. The incidence is 1 out of 1,000,000 people. Preventive measures, such as washing your hands before and after changing a diaper or using the bathroom, and practicing other good hygiene habits, should be implemented.
Vaccines are effective for the control of epidemics.
The drug of choice is rifampin. Ask your health care provider about it during the initial diagnostic visit. Penicillin is prescribed and is given intravenously for this disease. Intravenous mannitol can be used to treat the complications arising from the increased intracerebral pressure. Sometimes systemic corticosteroids are used.