The age of the dog is an important prognostic factor. Although GDV is rare in dogs less than two years of age, dogs that survive an episode of GDV tend to be younger. Their clinical condition at the time of treatment, as judged by their presenting signs and general responsiveness to external stimuli is also critical. The survival rate is also related to the condition of the stomach at the time of treatment. Some dogs will survive an initial bout of GDV, and then represent within days or weeks.
Several studies highlight the role of gastropexy in reducing recurrence and postoperative mortality.
There are probably a number of genetic and environmental risk factors which all contribute to the development this disease, but no single cause. Breed GDV can occur in any breed of dog. Clinical case records suggest that large and giant breeds such as Great Danes, Dobermanns, Weimaraners and St Bernards are more predisposed to GDV than other breeds. The order confirms that body size is the most important determinant of GDV, but also indicates that among dogs of similar adult body size, great differences in risk may exist. For example, the Irish Setter and Gordon Setter are at a high risk similar to that of the giant breeds, whereas the Labrador Retriever and Golden Retriever are at much lower risk, similar to that of the much smaller breeds.