Bible portions 1829-1966. Deaf sign language . Related to Mapudungun, but barely intelligible with it. Used mainly among friends and for ceremonial purposes. Most of the ethnic group speaks Spanish as first language.
Speakers have positive language attitudes.
Rainy, cold weather. A few speakers were located in 1949 and since by anthropologists. Some early grammatical essays exist. Group now speaks Spanish. Between the Itata and Tolten rivers.