The female's range is 150 times as large. Established male panthers have large well-defined home ranges that overlap with those of females. Males are usually intolerant of the presence of other males within their ranges whereas females often share portions of their range, and sometimes even the entire range, with other females. The home range of male panthers is about 520 square km and the home range of female panthers is about 195 square km. Since the female's range is smaller, prey animals must be abundant, especially when she is raising kittens.
Young males are often without a home range of their own.
They are forced to live on the periphery of residents' home ranges where prey is less abundant. Referred to as transients, these males are usually prevented by resident males from breeding. The death of an established male is usually required before a transient is able to establish a territory of his own and breed. Males disperse greater distances. They face the risk of fatal fights with other males.