Non-permanent leadership is provided only by living heads of descent groups. The NUER of the upper Nile valley are horticulturalists with seasonal pastoral activities involving their herds of cattle. Numbers of cattle do NOT confer wealth and prestige. 20 patrilineal clans comprise potential alliances that can be activated when needed. Conflict with outsiders is often initiated because of secure support system.
Segmentary lineages are often war-like.
Internal conflict may be resolved by club fights. The lineage head may intervene like a village head would. This is a part-time specialist who pursuades and threatens supernatural sanctions if his advise not taken. Conflicts end with compensation in cattle. The entire NUER tribe is related by blood.