The letter R is flapped or trilled. The letter J combines with the vowels a and o to form the dipthongs aj and oj. The following letter combinations are not necessarily Esperanto words, but if pronounced properly, will sound like English words. For example, boj sounds like boy. Please complete and check your answers to the pronunciation quiz before continuing.
Some roots serve directly as words.
These are called primary words. Most roots need a grammatical ending to serve as a word. In Esperanto, the verb does not depend on whether the subject is singular or plural. Studento skribis leteron. A student wrote a letter.