Both single and double roller crushers work well. Good machines can be cranked easily, but poorly designed and poorly constructed machines are often difficult to turn. Stems can be removed from red fermentations by hand using the following technique. The crushed fruit will drop through the crate. Making quality table wine without using small quantities of sulfur dioxide is difficult.
Sulfur dioxide helps control native yeast and bacteria.
Sulfur dioxide also reduces oxidation of the must and wine. Usually, about 35 milligrams per liter of sulfur dioxide is added when the grapes are crushed. One-half level teaspoon of sulfite powder in 100 pounds of grapes is the correct amount. The sulfite should be dissolved in a small amount of water and then stirred into the crushed grapes. Press Small quantities of red wine can be made without a press, but a wine press is necessary to make white wine.