These chronic diseases affect both developed and developing countries. This involves the integration of disease-specific interventions, related to both physical and mental health into a comprehensive chronic disease control package. More widespread application of existing cost-effective methods of detection and management and major sustained global campaigns to encourage healthy lifestyles, healthy public policies and acceleration of research are also promoted. For those who cannot be cured, the alleviation of pain and reduction in suffering is a top priority. WHO has initiated successful health promotion projects such as Healthy Cities and Villages, Healthy Islands and Health-Promoting Schools, Hospitals, and Work Sites.
Some projects target vulnerable populations such as the elderly and women.
Others focus on encouraging healthy lifestyles, sexual health and tobacco-free societies. One example is access to safe drinking-water. WHO is deeply concerned with prevention and control of ionizing radiation so dramatically highlighted by the Chernobyl nuclear accident. Other issues such as non-ionizing radiation, including the health effects of electromagnetic fields and the increasing depletion of the ozone layer, are of major concern. Working with its partners in health research, WHO gathers current data on conditions and needs, particularly in developing countries.