The purpose is to make it easy for the reader to identify the source of an idea and then to locate the particular reference in the list at the end of the paper. The surname of the author and the year of publication are inserted in the narrative text at the appropriate point. Do not list any publication in your reference list that you do not cite in the body of your paper. Similarly, do not cite any reference without listing it on the reference list. A citation must be given for any material you use in your paper that is not your own thought or expression.
Students are entirely responsible for knowing and following the principles of paraphrasing.
The student should never retain a sentence pattern and substitute synonyms for the original words. In other words, paraphrasing means alteration of sentence pattern and changing the words. Any direct quote should be properly cited. Even when the student uses only one unusual or key word from a passage, that word should be quoted. If a brief phrase that is common or somewhat common is used as it occurs in a source, the words should be in quotation marks.