The preferred source of calcium is from food. Supplements are just as effective as calcium-rich foods, and are absorbed just as well if taken with food. The preferred calcium supplement should be relatively inexpensive and easy to take. If you have or have had kidney stones or high blood calcium, talk to your physician before taking calcium supplements. These should only be taken with your health care provider's approval because too much vitamin D can cause serious health problems.
Sodium fluoride is the only one that has been studied extensively.
However, it is not approved for treating osteoporosis as the bone formed may not be normal. It is commonly added to drinking water in small amounts for prevention of dental cavities. More research is required to confirm if a new slow-release preparation of sodium fluoride is safe and effective for treating osteoporosis. If drug therapy is needed, estrogen remains the best treatment for preventing and treating osteoporosis. Estrogen strengthens bones and prevents fractures, and has additional benefits for the heart and brain, thus improving life expectancy.