Mary Iino married an American and brought what she had learned to the United States. As Mary Iino Burmeister, she reached thousands of students eager for her wisdom. One of those was Stephanie Mines, who studied with Mary and incorporated what she learned into her search for solutions to the damage caused by shock and trauma. As a psychologist, Dr. Mines integrated Jin Shin into a holistic approach for recovery known as The TARA Approach. Shock is the most severe level of trauma.
Shock is defined by the victim's degree of vulnerability and helplessness.
When trauma occurs, the victim has resources they can access. When shock occurs, the victim has no resources. Infants experience shock when they are taken away from their mothers. They have no power to prevent this separation. Children experience shock when they are neglected or ignored.