Mutuality and extra-direction relationships occur more readily than in professional direction. Here again the locus of discernment varies, but is more commonly placed in the directee. As in the desert tradition of Christianity and in many Hindu and Buddhist paths, the locus of discernment generally resides in the master. Mutuality is not generally acknowledged. It is a formal relationship in terms of the identification of roles, but meetings are seldom regularly scheduled.
Thank offerings are common, fees virtually nonexistent.
Mutuality is uncommon in such relationships, and the locus of discernment is usually assumed to be in the director. Mentoring, Discipling, and Eldering are identified formal relationships that usually focus more on moral and educational guidance within a particular faith community. They can, however, include dimensions of spiritual direction. These relationships are characterized by a lack of structure and role definition. They are not considered exclusive, and most people have several such companionships.