The result is graphical multidimensional contingency tables. Plot Y versus X using the proposed plot. Let Z be some continuous ordering variable. Use the location and bandwidth parameters to control the data displayed as determined by the ordering variable. The mean component of the Gaussian noise is zero.
Some experimentation is needed to obtain a reasonable amount of variability.
Latitude and longitude were recorded for approximately 35,000 zip codes and plotted as Y and X respectively. The ordering variable is the percent of non-white for a particular zip code. We chose a United States map because it is easy to understand for all audiences and we chose non-white because that ordering variable illustrates the dynamic animation effects of the proposed plot. Captions for each graphical display contain the selected bandwidth and location parameters. We often use color for aesthetic reasons, although it can be used as the fourth dimension.