Items produced by the federal government include those items published by an agency or a personal author and an agency. Materials that are produced in the private sector using federal funds are also not copyrightable . Items that are contracted out by an agency to the private sector are copyrighted. Materials that are under copyright can be used under Fair Use conditions. When deciding on Fair Use the courts look at each one of these guidelines in greater detail and courts tend to favor nonprofit educational institutions.
Scientific works have the greatest fair use value.
Most libraries do not have to use Fair Use because there is a provision for Library Use. Much of Fair Use applies when copying materials for classroom use or for additional reading. Fair use for the classroom or for the class as supplemental readings depends on the brevity, spontaneity, notice of copyright, and lack of charges beyond cost of copying. These identities can custom print text, obtain permissions and pay royalties, prepare and sell course packs, and may also charge a permission request fee. The reproduction and distribution is made without direct or indirect commercial advantages.