Tripolitania, to the north-west, along the coast, is the most populated and agriculturally significant region. There are no perennial rivers, only artesian wells and subterranean reserves which supply nearly two thirds of the country. The harsh Saharan climate predominates in all areas except along the coast, where it is moderated by maritime influences. It is hottest in June, July and August, when it is also most humid. Rainfall is erratic and occurs mostly in October-March period.
Winters are warm but can have very cold nights.
Minority population are Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians and Tunisians and a few scattered groups of Tebou and Touareg nomads in the south. Derna Language Arabic is the official language.