Crime has always justified the existence of the state and this course will examine how the debates on crime and punishment have influenced the development of public administration and power in western Europe since the Enlightenment. Starting with the eighteenth century debates on capital punishmnet, the course will chart the nineteenth century rise of the penetentiary, the redefinition of the dangerous classes, the gendering of crime, the tenets of positivist criminology and its critics. E.P. Thompson, M. Foucault, L. Chevalier, R.J. Evans, C. Lombroso. This senior history seminar examines the debates on the origins and nature of the European fascist and reactionary movements and regimes of the inter-war period. Countries studied in detail include Germany, Italy, Austria, France, Spain, Portugal, and Great Britain, with some reference also to Soviet Russia and Latin America.
Students write discussion papers and a term paper.
The course examines key phases in Italian history from the Risorgimento to the present, with particular emphasis on the economic, social and cultural contexts of political change. This course studies the collapse of parliamentary government in Italy, the rise of fascism, and the consolidation of the fascist regime, with particular emphasis on historical debate and interpretation. The examination of the fascist experience in Italy will involve comparison with developments in other European states and students will be expected to develop an outline knowledge of other European fascist and authoritarian movements in the period. This course provides an introduction to the debates on the origins and nature of fascism in inter-war Europe, moving from general comparative approaches to a closer investigation of fascist movements and regimes. As well as the fascist regimes that came to power in Italy, Germany, Spain, Portugal and many Eastern European states, fascist and other extremist movements in Great Britian, France, Belgium and the Scandinavian countries will also be examined.