These applications include laser cutting and welding, photoresist technology in microelectronics, radiative modifica- iion of fibers, and photocopying methods. Thus, photochemistry and photophysics are important in many applications and natural processes. The goal of the present work was to determine whether special advantages might result from using concentrated solar photons for photochemical, photoelectrochemical, and thermal processes and to assess the state of the art of potenha1 applications, such as water and waste treaunent. Other possible applications of solar photons, such as materials processing and solar pumping of lasers, were also considered. In assessing potential applications of solar energy, its particular advantages and limitations must be considered.
Solar energy is an environmentally friendly and clean energy source.
It does not produce pollutants that lead to acid rain or lead to production of greenhouse gases that could contribute to global warming. Solar energy provides a visually unlimited fuel supply, and solar energy systems can be configured on both large and small scales. Thus, small decentralized collection installations are possible, with potential decreased transmission or distribution losses and costs. However, sunlight is a diffuse' energy source, and its collection requires large areas. Large arrays of collectors may be unsightly and result in rather high capital equipment costs.