The assumption in your question that resources such as the amount of food are finite really overlooks the human capacity for innovation. Oil is cheaper in 1999 than it's been in any of our lifetimes. My 8 year old son has Type I diabetes. An autoimmune disease where his immune system attacked and destroyed his glucose monitoring and insulin producing beta cells. Without these cells he is forced to inject himself with insulin several times a day and monitor his glucose levels by doing blood tests several times a day as well.
Studies show high and low blood sugars are extremely dangerous to the body over time.
Since he was diagnosed at four I worry about his overall health. It seems that replacing his beta cells would be a much more effective way of treating this disease. Stem cell research seems to be mired in controversy as does xenotransplantation. Both of these avenues, however, would overcome the obstacle of scarce human beta cells. At long last, things finally seem to be moving in the field of diabetes treatment.