Application refers to scholarly engagement with the society. On the one hand, universities have preached community service without rewarding it. While on the other hand, too often lecturers assert that universities ought to reward any good work they do in the community. Boyer insists that service must arise from and relate to scholarship, only then is a university entitled to reward it. Teaching promotes student learning.
Scholarship is meaningful only when others understand it.
Teaching communicates understanding. Teaching transcends classrooms, say by popularising technical knowledge. Teaching transforms the knowledge of discovery by taking something only an expert understands and making it into something students and the laity understand. This is the creativity of teaching. That creative transformation stretches an umbilicus between discovery and teaching.