A laboratory test called a semen analysis can be performed in sexually mature males. However, even a semen analysis that shows total absence of sperm is not definitive. Men have sired pregnancies within 6-12 months of having a semen analysis that suggested that they were sterile. Men can receive evaluation from a specialist called a urologist. Most large metropolitan areas have one or more urologists who specialize in male infertility evaluation.
Women can undergo a variety of endocrinological tests suggested by their gynecologists.
These tests can determine whether the ovaries are functioning normally. Women who have received radiation therapy to part of their abdomen are at substantially greater risk of having a baby born either early or of small size. These women should notify their obstetricians at the onset of pregnancy regarding their past medical history. If you have access to a medical library, you may consult the article by Li et. See also above concerning women who received Adriamycin.