The cortex, which produces the steroid hormones, such as aldosterone and cortisol. Since catecholamines are produced by many other body tissues, the adrenal medulla is not essential to maintain life. Sex steroids, which function similarly to the hormones produced by the ovaries and testes. Glucocorticoids, which are involved in sugar and protein metabolism, maintenance of blood pressure, and respond to physical stress. They also are involved in an intricate feedback relationship that triggers the release of certain pituitary hormones.
Specific disorders related to adrenal failure include the following conditions.
This term applies to the gradual destruction of the adrenal glands. One of the major dangers involves an inability to overcome even a minor infection, which may precipitate extreme weakness, shock, and death. This disorder is caused by excessive glucocorticoids, usually the result of an ACTH-producing tumor of the pituitary gland. Other causes are excessive ACTH from malignant or benign tumors of various glands, or tumors of the adrenal glands. Reddening of the skin and excessive hair growth As the disease progresses, there may be high blood pressure, increased susceptibility to infection, and diabetes mellitus.