This symbolizes the process of transformation which ordinary human beings have to undergo before entering the sacred territory within. In the next concentric circle, particularly those mandalas which feature wrathful deities, one finds eight cremation grounds arranged in a wide band. These represent the eight aggregates of human consciousness which tie man to the phenomenal world and to the cycle of birth and rebirth. Finally, at the center of the mandala lies the deity, with whom the mandala is identified. It is the power of this deity that the mandala is said to be invested with.
Wrathful deities suggest the mighty struggle involved in overcoming one's alienation .
They embody all the inner afflictions which darken our thoughts, our words, and our deeds and which prohibit attainment of the Buddhist goal of full enlightenment. Traditionally, wrathful deities are understood to be aspects of benevolent principles, fearful only to those who perceive them as alien forces. When recognized as aspects of one's self and tamed by spiritual practice, they assume a purely benevolent guise. Sexual imagery suggests the integrative process which lies at the heart of the mandala. The initiate seeks to curtail his or her alienation, by accepting and enjoying all things as a seamless, interconnected field of experience.