Budding, however, is ordinarily done in late summer or autumn. Apples are usually propagated by cion grafting although it may be and sometimes is done by budding. Pears are propagated by either process. The terms grafting is customarily restricted to propagation by means of short twigs or cions. Budding is used to designate the insertion of single buds that are severed from the branch on which they grew.
Stock is the plant or part on which the grafting or budding is done.
Many fruit plants do not reproduce true to their variety from seeds. Also, if desired, several varieties or species may be grown on a single stock. The cambium is a very thin but potent layer of microscopic cells between the inner bark and the sapwood. Illustrated are three common types of cion grafting. Argonne National Laboratory, Division of Educational Programs, Harold Myron, Ph.D., Division Director.