Some exploration practices disturb vegetation and temporarily disrupt wildlife populations. Extraction of sand and gravel may leave long-lasting scars on the landscape. Mineral processing, refining and manufacturing may release toxic substances. The substances can have long-term impacts on both ground and surface water quality, land fertility, fish and wildlife populations, biological productivity and air quality, both local and global. Disposal of waste may preclude the use of land and water for other purposes.
Toxic substances can leach from disposal sites and affect areas far removed from the source.
If not decommissioned properly, abandoned mines pose serious environmental problems including acid mine drainage and contamination by metals. Under The Environment Act all operating metal mines in the province are subject to environmental licences that set environmental standards. Proposed mines must undergo an environmental assessment review. Operators must also submit annual reports on rehabilitation work accomplished over the life of the mine. In March 1994, the Manitoba government released its plan for managing and developing the province's mineral resources.