The amendment was passed on August 26, 1920. For analysis and interpretation of this amendment as well as the entire Constitution, visit the Congressional Research Service's Constitution of the United States of America site. Equal Pay Act of 1963 prohibits the paying of wages based on sex by employers and unions. For more information on employment discrimination laws visit the Legal Information Institute. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 applies to discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin.
Sex includes pregnancy, childbirth or related medical conditions.
It makes it illegal for employers to discriminate in hiring, discharging, compensation, or terms, conditions, and privileges of employment. Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 prohibits discrimination on grounds of sex in federally-assisted education programs and activities. Provides limited exemption for religious institutions and military schools. Extends the Equal Pay Act of 1963 to cover all executive, administrative, and professional employees of educational institutions. Please visit the U.S. Dept. of Education's Office of Civil Rights page for current publications and products about civil rights legislation, copies of recent regulations, and discussions of its implications.