The actual number of claims dropped from 1.2 million in 1989 to about 300,000 in 1994, partly in response to the institution of the holding fee. There is no limit on the number of claims a person can locate. There is no requirement that mineral production ever commence. Indeed, it is estimated that only a small percentage of claims are patented since mineral production can proceed without a patent or revenue payments to the federal government. Claims can be held indefinitely with or without mineral production.
Some people merely homestead on their claims.
Because the west has long been settled, and because land prices and mining technologies have changed so drastically in the last 125 years, this law is completely obsolete. Fair Market Value for a publicly owned resource and the need for environmental protection. Collect royalties on mineral production. Convert the patent system to a permitting or leasing system with appropriate fees. Industry-sponsored bills seek to continue the present system with minor changes.