Back to choose another topic Aggressive and submissive behaviours. Aggressive behaviour is most likely to be observed in groups where a dominance hierarchy exists. Aggression, as the behaviours described for territoriality, may take many forms, with fighting usually the behaviour of last resort. The purpose of aggression is to maintain or challenge the dominance relationships within a group. Aggression rarely leads to the death of the 'loser', to remove genes by killing members of the species is counterproductive.
Submissive behaviour is the behaviour exhibited in response to displays of aggression .
Together, aggressive and submissive behaviours can lead to complex relationships within groups of animals , sometimes known as a pecking order or dominance heirarchy. Back to choose another topic Reproductive behaviours including courtship and parental care. Reproductive behaviour is the total range of behaviours that combine to ensure that sexually mature individuals meet, mate and leave enough viable offspring to continue the species . Parental care is not practiced by all species . In general, the fewer offspring a species has per mating, the longer the parental care period.