The seeds are the most toxic part of the plant and are consumed in the late summer, fall, or winter when other forage is scarce. Cattle are often affected when moved into new pastures containing the plant. It has been observed that cattle often develop a craving for the seeds. The cattle are often found dead. An opened rumen may reveal the sprouted seeds and there will be a hemorrhagic inflammation of the abomasum and intestines.
Symptoms are variable and include hemorrhagic diarrhea, although constipation has been recorded.
The animals walk stiffly with an arched back, have shallow respiration and a weak rapid pulse. They become prostrate and comatose before death. Insertion of a stomach tube and administration of intestinal protectives are suggested in severe diarrhea. If constipated, give mineral oil by the same route. Intravenous fluids are helpful in dehydrated animals.