Check to see that there has been more than one study, and that the studies support past research. One single study may produce results that other studies can't repeat. The more independent studies that exist which can support a claim, the more likely it is to be true. Scientists use careful, precise language and make quantitative predictions if possible. Pseudoscientists use vague and imprecise terms that can be interpreted in many different ways, such as the language used in many horoscopes.
Scientists use samples that represent larger groups.
If only men were used in a study, claims about how the study applies to women would be suspect. While case studies might be a starting point for future research, scientists require many trials combined with statistical analysis in order to evaluate their claims. Furthermore, ethical scientists wouldn't reveal the names of people involved in tests. Statistical significance' measures how often a particular result would occur due to chance alone, assuming that the experiment were repeated many times. Correlation and causation are commonly confused with each other.