Insurrectionists in Persia attempt to dethrone the Shah. The death of a policeman, wounded in a scuffle with an African American, sets off racial violence in New York City. The uproar led to demands for investigations into police brutality in New York City. British authorities begin placing Boer resisters and guerrilla warriors into concentration camps in southern Africa.
Thousands perish as earthquakes rock Ecuador and Peru .
Allied relief force ends the siege of legations in Peking, China. There, the combined forces of the US, France, Germany, Austria, Italy, Russia, Japan, and Great Britain succeeded in driving the Boxers and a band of Chinese regulars out of the captured city. German philosopher and poet, Friedrich Nietzsche dies. Nietzsche's controversial writings were harshly critical of Christianity. Booker T. Washington's National Negro Business League is formed in Boston, Massachusetts, with the objective of stimulating African American businesses.