In most cases, teams select sites based on experts' advice. The investigator develops criteria for selecting sites, then relies on the judgment of knowledgeable people. The team will then choose three after examining their recommendations. Using more than one expert reduces individual bias in selection. Alternatively, sites can be selected based on data from performance monitoring.
Timing is critical in direct observation, especially when events are to be observed as they occur.
Wrong timing can distort findings. For example, rural credit organizations receive most loan applications during the planting season, when farmers wish to purchase agricultural inputs. If credit institutions are observed during the nonplanting season, an inaccurate picture of loan processing may result. People and organizations follow daily routines associated with set times. Observation periods should reflect work rhythms.