This is the only work in the Prado that is without doubt by Rembrandt, and one of his earlier masterpieces. In 1749 the Bohemian origin painter Anton Rafael Mengs, took part in the transaction to purchase it on behalf of Charles III, at the sale of Marquis of la Ensenada's state. It was paid 2.500 reales.
Scholars hold different opinions about the feminine figure it represents.
352 B.C. This monument was one of the Seven Wonders of the Greek and Roman World and gave its name, Mausoleum, to all magnificent tombs. If this is the right interpretation, the painting represents Artemisia about to drink the cup containing an infusion of the ashes of her husband, that a servant is offering to her. Other critics believe the scene represents Sophonisba, the Carthaginian general Hasdrubal's daughter, famous because of her beauty and courage, preparing to drink the poison sent to her by her husband Masinissa to avoid her falling into the hands of his mortal enemy Scipio. The superb feminine figure is luxury dressed in white and yellow tonalities, with an ermine collar, large embroidered sleeves and adorned with pearls. Wrapped in a wonderful golden light, she stands out against the mysterious shadow of the background where an old woman, barely sketched, appears.