Other products such as non-recyclable fibre, yard wastes, and residual food waste that cannot go into a household composter would be collected at curbside and taken to centralized composting facilities. Municipalities would continue to collect these recyclable and compostible materials. There will be residual materials not covered by product takeback, composting or recycling programs. Municipalities would retain responsibility for these materials that would be handled through a municipal waste collection and management system. User fees are effective at encouraging people to reduce the amount of trash they generate.
User fees work best in municipalities with relatively low density and low diversity of land uses.
Where there is high density and high diversity of uses, it is difficult to identify the generator. This is a particularly significant problem in cities with a high percentage of apartment and mixed-use buildings. In large urban centres it is also difficult to enforce the user pay system. Problems of equity also exist in large centres where some residents are able to reduce waste generation through backyard composting, but most residents cannot. Because of these problems, most user fee systems have been implemented in small urban and suburban settings.