This destroys the communication line. Treatments that lower the eye pressure and hopefully reduce the nerve cell loss are available. But by the time the disease is detected many of the cells are already either dead or severely damaged. One area of study that may lead to improved methods to protect the vision system focuses on genes. Following years of research, scientists are finding that a variety of genetic defects play a role in many types of glaucoma.
Scientists also are close to finding several other glaucoma genes.
The discoveries are allowing researchers to create genetic testing packages that could help identify those who have an increased risk of developing the disease. Other research focuses on understanding the functions of the glaucoma genes and the proteins they produce. For example, some researchers are finding that the protein product of a gene associated with adult onset primary open-angle glaucoma contributes to the disease by stopping up the eye's drainage system. Researchers are testing a number of drugs to see if they can block the clogging molecule. Eye drops with a compound that reduces inflammation and pain during surgery appear to be promising.