Weight-bearing exercises are those which require the muscles to work against gravity to move the body. Exercises that can help prevent osteoporosis include walking, jogging, running, stair climbing, rope jumping, skiing, aerobic dancing, and impact-producing sports such as tennis or volleyball. Alcohol Intake Smoking interferes with the absorption of calcium, causing smokers to experience vertebral fractures more frequently than non-smokers. Women who smoke usually reach menopause one to one and a half years earlier than non-smokers. Consequently, their bodies stop producing estrogen earlier than non-smoking women.
Smoking can also lead to other serious health problems, such as lung cancer.
Consuming more than two alcoholic beverages a day may decrease bone formation and reduce the bone s ability to absorb calcium. HRT has been shown to significant reduce bone loss and reduce the rate of hip and spinal fractures. However, some studies have shown that HRT may increase the risk of breast cancer. The link between HRT and breast cancer is controversial. Although studies have been inconsistent, there appears to be an emerging consensus that HRT does not significantly increase the risk for breast cancer , at least for women who are on estrogen less than five years or who take less than 0.