Weber developed the modern bureaucracy. The guiding force behind Weber's work was fairness in institutions, both public and private. Three elements are required for a bureaucracy to exist. Each official has specific duties, and these duties are distributed among the bureaucratic system. A distinct chain of command exists within each agency.
Specific limits are in place to ensure only qualified persons staff the agency.
Much has been written about Max Weber and the way he came about designing the system. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Berlin in 1884, was appointed Chair of the Economics department at Frerburg University, and later was a professor of economics at Heidelburg. He was the first to examine the link between protestantism and capitalism, and used this link to design a fair capitalist system. Protestants, specifically Calvinists, believe that 'idle hands are the devil's workshop', and hard work is the only way to get to heaven. This work ethic demands compensation for the work completed, and creates a competitive system.