Sunspots are the seats of considerable dynamics.
The most obvious are the Evershed and inverse Evershed effects. The Evershed effect is characterised by line shifts in the penumbra and superpenumbra corresponding to a material outflow. Therefore they can only be observed at a certain distance from disc centre where the velocity vector has a significant component along the line of sight. The magnitude of the observed velocities depends on the spectral lines under consideration and is largest for the spectral lines originating most deeply in the atmosphere. In the chromosphere and lower transition region, the velocities are directed outwards, this phenomenon is referred to as the inverse Evershed effect.