The amount of trauma to the blood vessel during IV access and dwell will affect this outcome. Select a vascular access device that is less traumatic on insertion. Needle sharpness and catheter-tipping features should be considered. Select catheter material that has proven improvement in dwell times 4 . Be knowledgeable about IV therapy principles, guidelines, and standards in neonatal care.
Technology exists to protect end users from needlestick injuries.
5,6 occur annually, and estimates show 3.9 million Americans are infected. Forty percent of chronic liver disease is HCV-related. Screening pregnant women for hepatitis B surface antigen has failed to identify a high proportion of HBV-infected mothers. Children of HBV infected mothers have a high risk of acquiring chronic HBV infection during the first 5 years of life. All hepatitis viruses can cause active and chronic hepatitis.