Near river mouths. Salinity decreases eastward toward Israel because of runoff. Salinity decreases eastward toward Israel because of upwelling. Salinity increases eastward toward Israel because of evaporation. Salinity increases eastward toward Israel because of upwelling.
Salinity remains uniform and similar to the open ocean throughout.
Deep sea vents. Density differences between water bodies. Rotation of the earth. Deep sea vents. Density differences between water bodies.