Consider a large kettle of boiling water. Suppose that you capture the steam that is rising off the surface of the kettle and measure its temperature. Even though the temperature of the steam and the water are identical, the energy content per molecule of each is different. The molecules of water in the steam are at a higher potential energy than the molecules of water in the liquid water since it requires additional energy to overcome the molecular attraction that binds water molecules together in liquid form. The kinetic energy of the molecules are identical, but the potential energy of the steam is higher.
Temperature is related to the kinetic energy only.
Next, consider a large kettle of water and a small teapot of water. Suppose that the small teapot has one-fourth the volume of the large kettle. Starting from the same temperature, it takes more energy to boil the large kettle of water than it takes to boil the small teapot of water. For every molecule of water in the small teapot that has an increase in kinetic energy, there are four molecules in the large kettle that require the same average increase in kinetic energy. It requires four times as much energy, and therefore four times as much heat, to excite the molecules in the large kettle to the same temperature as that of the small teapot.