In psychotic patients neuroleptics reduce confusion and agitation and normalize psycho-motor activity. They can, in large doses, produce a restricted range of emotion and even apathy. The first antipsychotic drug, Thorazine, was introduced in 1954 and was highly effective in adults with schizophrenia. Its use in children for the treatment of psychomotor excitement followed soon thereafter. Currently neuroleptic medications are used in children and adolescents with a variety of psychiatric disorders, including psychosis, severe aggression, severe hyperactivity, tics, and poor behavioral control seen in autism and other pervasive developmental disorders.
Usage remains almost entirely trial and error.
Common adverse effects of neuroleptics include sedation, cognitive blunting, irritability, depressed mood, blurred vision, dry mouth, and weight gain. Although a decrease in blood pressure is a potential side effect of low potency neuroleptic drugs, it is generally not a serious problem. Although not life-threatening, these side effects can be uncomfortable and, in the case of acute dystonia, frightening to the child and family. Prior to initiating a trial with a neuroleptic medication, the risks, benefits, and alternatives should be reviewed with the family and child when appropriate. The use of traditional neuroleptics in children and adolescents.