Nashville students stage the biggest, most effective sit-in demonstrations to date and succeed in integrating lunch counters in downtown. In New Orleans, school integration is enforced by the federal government after the legislature closes the public school system. Black students of the Consumer League of Greater New Orleans lead a picket of White-owned businesses that refuse to hire Black employees. Wilma Rudolph wins three gold medals in the 1960 Olympics, first American woman to do so. 1962 James Meredith becomes the first African-American to enroll at the University of Mississippi.
White protesters riot.
Federal troops sent in to quash riots. The initial phase of integration takes place in public and private schools in New Orleans. New Orleans merchants integrate lunch counters and remove racial signs from toilets and drinking fountains. Tulane University admits its first Black students. 1963 SCLC, led by King, attacks Birmingham's discriminatory practices.