Support is also given for geophysical studies of active deformation, including GPS-based geodesy, and fundamental laboratory studies of properties and behavior of earth materials in support of geophysical observation and theory. The program views hydrologic sciences as a geoscience interactive on a wide range of space and time scales with ocean, atmospheric, and solid earth sciences as well as plant and animal sciences. Supported projects may involve water in the form of precipitation, lakes, streams, and ground water, and interactions with landforms, soils, the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the Earth's crust. The program encourages integrated studies of water balance and fluxes among the various reservoirs. Included are studies in mineralogy, crystallography, petrology, volcanology, geochemistry, economic geology, and meteoritics.
Supported research includes field, laboratory, theoretical, and computational studies.
Supported research includes field, laboratory, and theoretical studies of the processes and kinematics accompanying deformation at plate boundaries and in plate interiors.