In a cancerous condition, cells may invade uterine muscles and spread to surrounding areas. This distinctive symptom, which clearly signals an abnormality, aids in early detection by motivating women to consult their doctor when the disease is still in its early stages. Women who have not been pregnant have a slightly higher risk. Conversely, pregnancy and the use of oral contraceptives offer some protection. Surgery represents the first line of treatment, with radiation, hormones and chemotherapy added for more aggressive treatment.
Vaginal cancer is rare, accounting for only three percent of all gynecologic cancers.
The disease typically occurs in the epithelium, the thin lining of the vagina. There are several types of vaginal cancer, the most frequent of which is squamous cell carcinoma. About 2,100 cases of vaginal cancer will be diagnosed this year, and approximately 600 deaths will be attributed to the disease. Pain in the pelvic region may also be a symptom of vaginal cancer in its late stages. Women who were exposed to DES in utero are more likely to develop the very rare, clear cell adenocarcinoma.