History may include a history of stroke or hypertension. A neurologic examination shows variable deficits depending on the extent and location of damage. Weakness or loss of function may occur on one side or only in one area. Abnormal reflexes may be present. There may be signs of cerebellar dysfunction such as loss of coordination.
Treatment is based on control of symptoms.
Other treatments may be advised based on the individual condition. Hospitalization may be required for a short time. The underlying causes should be identified and treated as appropriate, including treatment for atherosclerosis and hypertension. Discontinuing or changing medications that worsen confusion or that are not essential to the care of the person may improve cognitive function. Medications that may cause confusion include anticholinergics, analgesics, cimetidine, central nervous system depressants, lidocaine, and other medications.