Toxoid vaccines, directed toward toxins produced by Clostridium perfringens , are available and should be administered before calving. Generally, two injections are given initially to heifers or cows, with one booster given annually in subsequent years according to vaccine label directions. However, many vaccination programs are individually designed due to varying herd conditions and disease incidence. Veterinary involvement is needed to design a preventive program, assist in monitoring, and make adjustments to the program as needed. Antitoxins, also used in preventive treatment, may be given to newborn calves to provide passive immunity similar to that given by colostrum.
Some veterinarians recommend the use of toxoid vaccines in young calves.
There are limited research results showing this practice as valuable. Other than vaccination, enterotoxemia prevention is generally confined to decreasing exposure to the bacteria and to controlling conditions that might lend themselves to promotion of the disease. Use of clean calving areas or pastures and pairing out of newborn calves and dams to other pastures are practices that limit exposure to Clostridium perfringens and other infections. Calves obtain the bacteria orally so practices promoting cleanliness are important. Contamination of teats is an example of a route of exposure.