Many programs and interventions have been undertaken to address the problem of teen pregnancy. Unfortunately, few studies allow critical evaluation of such programs because few studies are experimental or even quasi-experimental. Careful scrutiny of many studies shows that some sex education programs can reduce risky behaviors, although none has been shown by itself to reduce pregnancy rates. Characteristics of effective programs include a focus on specific behaviors, appropriate timing and approach for the target population, active learning with skills practice, basic and accurate information, and attention to the social pressures on teens. There is little scientific evidence to evaluate the role of access to contraceptives for teens.
Some programs are effective in increasing contraceptive use among sexually active teens.
None of these programs has been shown, by itself, to reduce pregnancy rates. The scientific evidence is strong on this question, and the results are reassuring. The most successful such program included education of parents and teachers as well as teens, as well as access to contraceptives for sexually active teens. Youth development programs are particularly promising. While the design of the studies is not scientifically strong, a few programs do seem to have reduced teen birth rates.