The circumference of the head may be large, or there may be enlargement of only part of the head, most commonly the frontal area. Measurements of the circumference of the head, repeated over time, may show progressive enlargement. A brain scan using radioisotopes may show abnormalities of the fluid pathway. An arteriography of brain blood vessels may show vascular causes of hydrocephalus. The goal of treatment is to minimize or prevent brain damage by improving CSF flow.
Surgical interventions are the primary treatment of hydrocephalus.
This includes direct removal of the obstruction, if possible. Surgical placement of a shunt within the brain may allow CSF to bypass the obstructed area if the obstruction cannot be removed. Antibiotics are used aggressively at any sign of infection. Severe infections may necessitate removal of a shunt. Follow-up examinations should continue throughout the child's life to evaluate the child's developmental level and to treat any intellectual, neurologic, or physical impairments.