The toxic levels of nitrate depend on how much is consumed and how fast it is consumed. Treatment for nitrate toxicity can be accomplished with the intravenous infusion of methylene blue which aids in the conversion of methemoglobin to hemoglobin to increase oxygen carrying capacity of blood. The treatment may need to be repeated as nitrates will continue to be absorbed from the rumen. Mineral oil given orally may reduce absorption of nitrates, protect irritated mucous membranes, and aid in elimination of the nitrate containing feeds. Alberta soils tend to be deficient in iodine, therefore, toxic levels of iodine are not likely to be found in locally grown feeds.
Toxicity can result where high levels of iodine are fed for long periods of time.
Body temperature is increased as is heart and respiration rate, and body weight loss. Milk production may increase slightly but will eventually decrease. Reproductive efficiency is reduced as first estrus after calving is delayed, services per conception is increased, and calving interval is increased when excessive iodine is fed.