Salt accumulates on the surface of affected plant tissue. In the root zone, water molecules are held very tightly by salt ions. Roots must expend considerable energy to absorb water from a salt solution. Although sufficient water may be present in the soil, the plant may have difficulty absorbing it and a condition known as physiological drought occurs. In sensitive species, this may result in depressed growth and yield.
Salt affects soil quality.
The sodium ion component in salt becomes attached to soil particles and displaces soil elements such as potassium and phosphorus. As a result, soil density and compaction increases and drainage and aeration are reduced. Plant growth and vigor are poor under these conditions. Salt affects mineral nutrition. When the concentration of both the sodium and chloride components of salt in the root zone is excessive, plants preferentially absorb these ions instead of nutrients such as potassium and phosphorus.