They study not just the rich and powerful elites, but also the common people. Sophisticated instruments such as computers, nuclear sensors, and satellite cameras help archaeologists identify and explore promising sites and interpret artifacts.
Statistical techniques give archaeologists new tools to work with.
With all the new scientific techniques and instruments, it's important to remember that it is human beings we are studying. Above all else, archaeology is about understanding the peoples, cultures, and individuals of the past through the evidence they left behind. If we can understand their lives, we can gain insight into our own. If we can understand how and why our ancestors made mistakes, we may avoid repeating them. Nothing beside remains.