Solutions were found for some site-specific problems. Each group was asked to bring recommendations or suggestions for the implementation and documentation of Refinements in animal care, and to attempt to rank them when reporting. It was apparent from the group discussions that not all suggestions were reported in the wrap-up session, or in the reporters' summaries, but those reported are listed here. The third R, Refinement, is an important key to better animal care and better science. Education and Training follow it.
Some institutions regularly provide protocol pre-reviews.
This pre-review or short, early review may increase the investigator's awareness of not only alternatives but also potential adverse effects of the proposal on the animals. Literature searches for alternatives were documented in various ways. The coordination of studies can reduce the numbers of animals used by sharing tissues. It was suggested that a record of institutional projects with these details be kept on an intra-net or on an internal web site. Role of veterinarians.