Of the arthropod-borne diseases , malaria and cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis occur in all eight countries.
Visceral leishmaniasis occurs in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico and Nicaragua.
Bancroftian filariasis is present in Costa Rica. Dengue fever and Venezuelan equine encephalitis may occur in all countries. The foodborne and waterborne diseases , including amoebic and bacillary dysenteries and other diarrhoeal diseases, and the typhoid fevers are very common throughout the area. All countries except Panama reported cases of cholera in 1996. Hepatitis A occurs throughout the area and hepatitis E has been reported in Mexico.