Volvulus is a condition in which the bowel becomes twisted. Malrotation of the bowel during fetal development may predispose infants to volvulus, although a volvulus can occur in the absence of malrotation. Volvulus often occurs early in life, frequently in the first year. Infants develop sudden onset signs of bowel obstruction that may include nausea and vomiting , bloody stools, abdominal pain , constipation , and shock .
Symptoms are generally dramatic enough that infants are taken early to the emergency room.
A stool guaiac is positive for blood in the stool . An upper GI X-ray with small bowel follow through shows malrotation or midgut volvulus. Blood tests to check the electrolytes may show abnormalities. Emergency surgery to repair the volvulus is needed. Early recognition of the volvulus and prompt treatment generally results in a good outcome.