The attraction between the water molecules creates a strong film, which among other common liquids is only surpassed by that of mercury. This surface tension permits water to hold up substances heavier and denser than itself. A steel needle carefully placed on the surface of a glass of water will float. Some aquatic insects such as the water strider rely on surface tension to walk on water. Surface tension is essential for the transfer of energy from wind to water to create waves.
Waves are necessary for rapid oxygen diffusion in lakes and seas.
Molecules in motion Water molecules as well as binding to each other, bind to many other substances such as glass, cotton, plant tissues, and soils. This is called adhesion. For example, in a thin glass tube, when the molecules at the edge reach for and adhere to the molecules of glass just above them, they at the same time tow other water molecules along with them. The water surface, in turn, pulls the entire body of water to a new level until the downward force of gravity is too great to be overcome. This process is called capillary action .