Plant your windbreak at a distance from your home equal to three to five times the height of the mature trees. Choose plant material that is appropriate for your region. To the south of your home, shade trees with high spreading crowns like oak, maple and ash are best to block the summer sun. To the west, trees with lower crowns, or evergreens, can be used to shade the hot afternoon sun. Avoid the fast growing trees like willow, poplar and silver maple - these are short lived and brittle.
Smaller plants can also help reduce energy costs.
Vines are quick growing and will shade a south or west wall in one or two seasons. Vines can also be grown on a strategically placed trellis or on a pergola that covers the entire patio area. Shrubs planted near the house will help to shield from the cold wind of winter and the hot sun of summer. In very damp climates, however, keep plantings at a sufficient distance from the house to insure adequate air circulation. If you're in an area which cools off in the evening, give this a try.