The presence of antinuclear antibodies indicates a connective tissue disorder. Like other autoimmune diseases, researchers have not found a cause for scleroderma. It is believed that both a genetic predisposition as well as environmental elements contribute to the onset of the disease. Physicians can, however, diagnose the disease by checking the folds between a person's fingers and nails. Capillaries retreat in these areas and represent a sign of the disease.
Treatment is dependent on the clinical manifestations associated with the sub-group classification.
All patients require personal counseling in which individual realistic goals are determined. Vasodilator and antihypertensive drugs are used to treat the hypertension and renal complications. Antacids may be useful for heartburn. A moderate exercise program is encouraged to maintain joint mobility and preserve muscle strength. Patients are advised to avoid extremes in temperature and to use lotions to minimize excessive skin dryness.