This includes hyperpluralism, democracy, republicanism, libertarianism and populism. Authoritarian ideologies concentrate power into the hands of one person or an elite few, such as monarchism, constitutional monarchism, and totalitarianism. Stalin and Hitler are the only real examples of totalitarianism. Economic ideologies refer primarily to the ownership of property. Socialism is distinguished by public ownership of property and a planned economy, not the profit motive.
Varieties of capitalism are laissez-faire, modern and corporatism.
Socialism can be evolutionary or revolutionary. Most countries today utilize a mixed system with aspects of both capitalism and socialism, including the United States. The Renaissance and the Age of Enlightenment brought about the idea that problems would be better addressed by reason than divine inspiration. Under feudal monarchism, a merchant class or bourgeoisie began to emerge. Modern liberals and conservatives are derivatives of classical liberalism, though some elements of classical conservatism may be found in modern organic conservatives.