A cave is a natural cavity in the earth that either communicates with the surface through an opening or is completely hidden beneath the ground. By shifts that occur in the solid surface of the Earth, which sometimes result in the formation of cracks. By the constant action of water against the rocks lining the shores. By the action of ground water that dissolves and carries off portions of rock.
Water then carries off the resulting soluble carbonic acid solution that is formed.
This water seeps into the small cracks in the rocks, dissolving portions of rock as it passes. The effect of time and the corrosive and cleansing power of the groundwater leads to the cracks becoming deeper. Eventually, the water forms a huge cavity, i.e. a cave. Cave walls often contain calcium deposits called calcite curtains or drapery. Caves may also contain icicle-like lime deposits called stalagmites, stalactites, columns, steps, streams, rivers, even waterfalls and lakes.