Most enter the field from a variety of disciplines, including biology, genetics, nursing, psychology, public health and social work. Genetic counselors work as members of a healthcare team, providing information and support to families who have members with birth defects or genetic disorders and to families who may be at risk for a variety of inherited conditions. They identify families at risk, investigate the problem present in the family, interpret information about the disorder, analyze inheritance patterns and risks of recurrence, and review available options with the family. Genetic counselors also provide supportive counseling to families, serve as patient advocates, and refer individuals and families to community or state support services. They serve as educators and resource people for other healthcare professionals and for the general public.
Some counselors also work in administrative capacities.
Many engage in research activities related to the field of medical genetics and genetic counseling. Certified genetic counselors hold a Master's degree from one of the 23 accredited U.S. graduate programs. Students in these programs study genetics, psychosocial theory, ethics, and counseling. They also participate in clinical training. Certification is obtained through successful completion of documented clinical experience and the American Board of Genetic Counseling's examination.