Time coordinate t shown in yellow numbers.
Spatial domain is .
Shortly after the massless pulse passes through the origin, the boson star lurches and collapses into a more compact configuration, about which it oscillates for a long time before either forming a black hole or dispersing. During this oscillatory near-critical state, the star does not seem to be shedding off any energy. In fact, there is no appreciable scalar radiation at any point in the evolution, until dispersal occurs. At some time after a large amount of scalar radiation has been emitted, the end state will be a stable boson star with very low mass. Note that the perturbing field passes through the boson star and exits the region containing most of the star even before the massive field reaches its new, denser state, and thus the massless field is not part of the critical solution per se .