But diagnostic tests using monoclonal antibodies are so specific, they distinguish between cattle that carry the disease-causing bacterium and those that carry only the vaccine. With the aid of these new tests, farmers can isolate carriers to prevent the spread of infection. Diagnostic tests are not just for diseases. A monoclonal antibody test to detect pregnancy in animals is so simple that a farmer can read the test right on the farm. Monoclonal antibodies are also used in a test to detect a disease called scours in piglets and calves.
Scours is a bacterial disease of newborn animals that causes diarrhea.
Many of the afflicted animals die of dehydration. By providing quick, accurate diagnosis, the monoclonal antibody test for scours permits immediate administration of therapy. The therapy for scours in calves is also based on monoclonal antibodies. Infected calves are fed monoclonal antibodies that coat the offending bacteria, preventing the microbes from causing diarrhea. Some other therapies for animal diseases are based on recombinant DNA technology.