Environmental assessment is about making better decisions. It is a powerful planning tool that provides decision makers with the information they need to approve projects that are compatible with a healthy, sustainable environment for both present and future generations. A typical environmental assessment includes an evaluation of the effects a project may have on land, water, air and species of plants and animals. It can also take into account zoning bylaws and standards respecting the release of pollutants. It examines cumulative impacts as well as effects on heritage, the landscape and human populations.
Some jurisdictions also review social and economic impacts.
Assessment reports often contain technical recommendations designed to mitigate adverse impacts of a project. Such assessments provide a solid basis for limiting or eliminating environmental effects, and making informed decisions. Environmental assessment is now part of public decision making at all levels of government in Canada, and is used world wide in over 100 countries, in many international organizations and funding agencies, and increasingly, by business. By integrating environmental factors, public concerns and community values early in the decision-making process, business and governments can make timely decisions concerning projects. The process helps business and governments to meet their responsibilities for the environment, and earn public confidence.