Sparse rainfall, centuries of exposure to harsh climate, and destructive winds have left much western land scenic but unsuitable for farming. In mining western coal, companies are required to restore vegetation an often difficult task which necessitates the dedication of much time, money and resources. Extensive research has preceded the vegetative growth now being established in the West. For example, before surface mining begins, operators undertake detailed surveys of flora and fauna at the mine sites to establish the species which will thrive there. Many companies work closely with state university laboratories and research departments, as well as state and federal agencies, all of which can help achieve successful reclamation.
Water is a critical factor in western reclamation.
In the mid-1980s, Utah International s Navajo Mine in New Mexico conducted extensive research into the most effective ways to stretch limited water supplies. The company investigated drip irrigation which funnels water directly onto each plant and uses one-tenth the water of other methods as well as the sprinkler system, to determine their effectiveness. Mulching was discovered as vital in helping fledgling plants retain valuable moisture. In Wyoming, Arch Mineral Corp . restores the topsoil on mined land so that it lies in ripples, thus increasing the soil s ability to absorb moisture and cutting down on erosion. Navaho Coal Company reclamation expert examines growth on a reclaimed coal mine in Arizona.