The major avenue of dissipation is irreversible soil adsorption. Dipyridiniums Key performance features. These cell disruptors are applied post-emergence. Cyclone and Gramoxone Extra generally control grasses and a few annual broadleaf species. They persist in the soil for more than 500 days, although they are not readily plant available.
Ultraviolet degradation plays a minor role in herbicide losses.
Soil adsorption plays a major role in herbicide tie-up. Plant injury symptoms. Affected plants look burned and wilted, with mottled yellowing of leaves followed by wilting and rapid drying. The growing point on affected plants may emerge green and healthy, even though more mature leaf tissue is dead. The dipyridiniums exhibit foliar activity only.