Some people buy these open cows at the beginning of the breeding season in order to breed them to their own bulls, and some people pick them up cheap later. In this case the entire risk of infertility is the buyer's. If there is nothing, the buyer has no protection. The risk is that the animal has recently become infertile or may become so in the future. If there are good health records and a satisfactory exam, the risk may be acceptable.
Seller guarantees that an animal can produce offspring.
The contract may provide that if the animal is not pregnant or producing semen by a certain age, the animal is exchanged or money is refunded, usually at the seller's option. Seller guarantees that a female is pregnant at the time of sale or conditions the effectiveness of the contract on an examination by palpation, blood test or ultrasound, confirming pregnancy. This confirms that a female is fertile, and the only risk is the occasional miscarriage. Except for heifer calves, this is the most common way to sell females in the elk industry. In the cattle industry this means that the vet determines whether a dead calf has taken a breath.