Because it is a liquid that does not bind well to soil, styrene that makes its way into the ground can move through the ground and enter groundwater. Plants and animals are not likely to store styrene. Effects of styrene on human health and the environment depend on how much styrene is present and the length and frequency of exposure. Effects also depend on the health of a person or the condition of the environment when exposure occurs. Styrene vapor irritates the eyes, the nose, and the throat.
Styrene vapor can also adversely affect the human nervous system, causing adverse eye effects.
These effects are not likely to occur at levels of styrene that are normally found in the environment. Human health effects associated with breathing small amounts of styrene over long periods of time in the workplace include alterations in vision, hearing loss and increased reaction times. Other human health effects associated with exposure to small amounts of styrene over long periods of time are not known. EPA is currently reviewing the potential for styrene to cause cancer in humans. Laboratory studies show that repeated oral exposure to large amounts of styrene cause cancer and adversely affects the blood and the liver of animals.