Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear-watery fluid produced by structures within the ventricles, or cavities of the brain. This fluid flows around the brain and between the ventricles to act as a cushion for the brain, provide nutrients for brain tissue, and carry away waste products. Normally, this fluid is eventually absorbed back into the bloodstream. Hydrocephalus occurs when cerebrospinal fluid is produced at a faster rate than which it can be absorbed. According to the Hydrocephalus Foundation, Inc., hydrocephalus affects about 10,000 babies each year.
Some children develop hydrocephalus after birth.
The excess cerebrospinal fluid puts pressure on the brain, which can cause damage to vital structures. Common consequences of hydrocephalus include motor problems, learning disabilities, and vision impairments. Currently, doctors treat hydrocephalus by inserting a drainage device called a shunt under the skull. A tube connected to the shunt allows excess cerebrospinal fluid to drain out of the brain and into other areas of the body, where the fluid can be absorbed. In addition, because the size of the baby's head increases with accumulation of fluid, delivery and birth can be dangerous for the mother.