An infection in the bladder is called cystitis. If the infection is in one or both of the kidneys, the infection is called pyelonephritis . This type of UTI can cause serious damage to the kidneys if it is not adequately treated. Urinary incontinence , loss of bladder control, is the involuntary passage of urine. There are many causes and types of incontinence, and many treatment options.
Treatments range from simple exercises to surgery.
Women are affected by urinary incontinence more often than men. Urinary retention , or bladder-emptying problems, is a common urological problem with many possible causes. Normally, urination can be initiated voluntarily and the bladder empties completely. Urinary retention is the abnormal holding of urine in the bladder. Acute urinary retention is the sudden inability to urinate, causing pain and discomfort.