Plants develop long rhizomes bearing buds which germinate readily. Reproduction is by seed and rhizome production. Rhizomes are distributed mainly in the top 20 cm of the soil profile. This process is commonly faster with plants developing from long rhizomes.
Seed production is variable and dependent on several environmental factors.
High seed production is found in plants with high tiller production. Southeastern Europe, now widespread. It is present in many countries of the world. Supposedly introduced to Guam from Samoa. A problem species in Hawaii.