They have to change their conceptions. Therefore, teachers must know what misconceptions are likely and create an environment in which the students become aware of the misconceptions and have a need for new conceptions. In this environment, students must consider and talk about what they think, and teachers must listen in order to hear the students' conceptions. Students achieve a minimal understanding of the new scientific or mathematical conception. The new conception appears plausible to students.
Students see the new conception as fruitful and useful to understanding in a variety of settings.
Constructivism assumes that individuals are creative and dynamic. Instead of merely being acted on by their situations, people act dynamically to effect changes based on how they think and regulate their activities. Accepting and encouraging student initiation of ideas. Promoting student leadership, collaboration, location of information, and taking actions as a result of the learning process. Encouraging the use of alternative sources of information both from written materials and from experts.