The lymphocytes, cells of the immune system that are vital in fighting bacteria, cannot circulate normally and the limb becomes more susceptible to infection. Lymphedema can be classified as either primary or secondary. Secondary lymphedema, by far the more common form, is triggered by trauma to the lymphatic system. Most often this is due to surgery or radiation of the lymph nodes during cancer treatments, but may rarely be triggered by other distress such as scarring, trauma, infection of the lymphatic system, medication, the bite of a mosquito infected with the tropical Filaria parasite and even airline travel. If you've been treated with lymph node surgery or radiation for cancer of the breast, prostate, bladder, colon or elsewhere, keep a constant watch for lymphedema.
Secondary lymphedema can develop immediately postoperatively, or years later.
The first thing to do when your doctor tells you that you have lymphedema is to relax, and put any fear and ghastly images out of your mind. It's important to remember that lymphedema is a treatable condition, and medical awareness of how the disease operates grows every day. If you're willing to put in some time and effort, the effects of lymphedema do not have to prevent you from living your life. Ask your doctor if he can refer you to a qualified therapist who specializes in treating lymphedema. While the scope of practice of physical therapists and other professionals allow them to treat lymphedema, be sure to go to a therapist who specializes in treating this very unique condition.