Extensive remote sensing data are available to address these issues. The record extends continuously from 1982 or 1979, respectively, to present.
Temporal coverage is superb, and the list of retrievable variables is extensive.
Data from microwave sensors uniquely suited to polar geoscience are also available from 1978. Today, many of these obstacles are greatly reduced. The Polar Pathfinder program provides raw, calibrated data. Where multiple instruments are involved, the data are consistently intercalibrated. These data sets are archived and available through the EOS Data and Information System.