The very young, the very old, the chronically ill, alcoholics, and drug abusers as well as outdoor enthusiasts are especially vulnerable to overexposure. Gently wrap the affected parts in a blanket, dry clothing, or several layers of newspaper and transport the person to a hospital as soon as possible. Do not rub or massage the frostbitten area with anything, particularly not with snow as some home remedies suggest. Rubbing increases the risk of tissue damage.
Snow merely adds to the danger of freezing.
Rewarming may take 45 minutes to an hour. Successful rewarming leads to progressive return of function, color, and sensations and may result in blistering, which is normal. Do not break the blisters. Do not expose frostbitten skin to the intense heat of a stove, radiator, open fire, or heating pad. If a hot beverage such as coffee or tea is available, offer it if the person is fully awake.