Bedrock outcrops are common in some areas. Albrights and Meckesville soils formed in colluvium, are deeper to bedrock, and have fragipans. Shouns soils formed in colluvium and are deep to bedrock. The Berks, Calvin, and Dekalb soils have more than 35 percent coarse fragments in the particle-size control section, base saturation less than 35 percent, and lack argillic horizons. Cateache soils have base saturation less than 60 percent and are moderately deep.
Surface runoff is medium to very rapid.
Permeability is moderate. About 60 percent is cleared and in pasture. Most of the remaining acreage is in mixed hardwoods. Native trees were mainly red, black and white oak, sugar maple, yellow poplar, white ash, basswood, shagbark hickory, black walnut, and black locust. Mainly eastern part of the Allegheny Plateau in West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, possible in Kentucky.