No rthern Coniferous Woodland - stretches in a band from Northern Europe to Siberia and North America. The species of trees are mostly pines, spruces and larches. Conifers also grow in mountainous areas in Asia and the American Tropics. Soil structure is poor and little plant life is found below the canopy. Tem perate Deciduous Woodland - this stretches in a band in the northern hemisphere below the coniferous forests.
Typical conditions are cold winters and warm wet summers.
The main threats are air pollution, global warming and poor management. Species include Oak , Beech and Birch, broad leaved flowering trees. Typically they lose their leaves in winter to reduce water loss. Vegetation beneath the canopy is usually quite diverse with rich soils and high rates of nutrient recycling. Temperate Grassland - low rainfall, few trees, threatened by erosion from farming and cattle.