The latest technique used is ear reconstruction. Plastic surgery is common for the asymmetry and other craniofacial abnormalities. The abnormal bones are not treatable at this point in time. For problems within the eye area, there are complex issues involved. Artificial eyes are available and can be made to custom fit the patient.
Tissue engineering is involved with the tissue surrounding the eye.
Congenital anomalies of the organs needed for survival are being researched at this time. The ventricular septal defects are being studied along with other cardiovascular abnormalities. Mental retardation causes permanent damage. If the patient has surgery performed on them at too young an age, then the ear that was used as a model may grow larger while the reconstructed ear stays the same size. The ear surgeon must pay careful attention to the maturation of the patient.