Industry is much less likely to stay engaged through the entire product-development cycle if it does not have a vested interest in the outcome from the start, this participant noted. Industry also is not likely to pursue technology transfer if there is little evidence of market opportunity for a potential product. An essential outcome of research partnerships is a product that is affordable to purchasers in poor nations. This can be accomplished if profits from sales to the private sector in that country are used to offset lower-cost sales to the public sector. At this agency, if a company given federal funds to develop a technology does not transfer it to the developing world, the firm must pass the product on to a firm that will.
Technology transfer can be fraught with difficulties.
Also, at least for countries making any of the current EPI vaccines, the purchase of simpler manufacturing equipment should be encouraged. In addition, vaccine equipment manufacturers should be required to provide engineering follow-up for machines that they sell. The Proportional, Integral and Derivative gains can be specified by the user. Both excess set point cascade and output cascade can be generated. Those not familiar with closed-loop control theory are urged to consult the factory for guidance in selecting these values for new applications.