Medical care for nosebleeds may include application of epinephrine to the bleeding site, gauze packing, or a nasal balloon catheter. If packing is needed for longer than 24 hours, antibiotics may be necessary. A stuffy nose may be a symptom of allergies, upper respiratory infections, or structural abnormalities. Other less common causes of nasal congestion are a chronic condition called vasomotor rhinitis, thyroid disease, emotional stress, and pregnancy. Products to consider should include antihistamines, decongestants, or a combination of these agents.
Surgery is sometimes necessary to correct structural abnormalities such as a deviated septum.
Sinusitis is an infection of the sinuses that may be either acute or chronic. It usually begins with a cold or allergy episode that causes swelling of the mucous membranes and increased production of watery mucus. Because the sinuses are swollen, the mucus tends to build up and become blocked, resulting in the pressure and pain of a sinus headache. The trapped mucus also becomes a breeding ground for bacteria. Steam inhalation or heat applications help relieve pain.