Typically, you'll observe a sectoral injection of the episcleral and overlying conjunctival vessels, although the redness may be diffuse throughout these tissues. While some patients complain of mild pain or tenderness to the affected region, particularly upon manipulation, often there is no associated discomfort. The cornea remains clear in this condition, although long-standing or recurrent episcleritis may lead to dellen formation. There is no associated anterior chamber reaction. A benign inflammatory condition of the external eye, episcleritis is seen most commonly in young adults.
Women appear to be affected slightly more often than men.
The disorder is idiopathic in the majority of cases, however in certain instances there may be an association with some underlying systemic disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, polyarteritis nodosa, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, sarcoidosis, Wegener's granulomatosis, gout, herpes zoster virus or syphilis. However, patients who are experiencing discomfort may benefit from a regimen of topical anti-inflammatory agents and lubricants. The patient may use cold compresses and artificial tears liberally if discomfort persists. Re-examine patients weekly. Because of the association with systemic disorders, refer patients with extremely severe presentations or more than three recurrences for a medical evaluation.