In relation to language change, it will be argued that two factors are at work. Frist, transfer from the English L1 operates in a number of subtle ways, meaning that the grammar of learners is slightly different from that of native speakers. Secondly, it will be argued that, in a language revival situation of this type, language acquisition, which could be considered as involving a balacing act between acquiring a maximally simple grammar in UG terms, and acquiring a grammar which matches that of the community around the learner, with all its irregularities and idiosyncracies, shifts in favour of UG simplicity. The effect of this is that language change progresses more rapidly, though not in a qualitatively different manner, from what is seen in unbroken native speaker transmission in robust language communities. This, it will be argued, follows a trend in the language, which however has been restricted to a few prepositions in native speaker Irish.
Similar factors lead to reduced used of the copula.