None of these have been proven to be the cause. Overfeeding during the dry period leads to excessive weight gain, and reduced ability to mobilize nutrients in early lactation. Therefore, moderate feeding during the dry period until 2-3 wk prepartum is recommended. Increase feeding rapidly during the postpartum period, but the cow has depressed intake and appetite. This is not particularly effective, relapses are common.
Some glucose is lost via the kidney.
Hormone treatments - There may be insufficient corticoid release. Cortisone or ACTH is administered. Not good for the cow for the long term. Feed sugar or molasses - Not particularly useful. Results in production of VFAs in the rumen.