Dr. Conant had previously done a similar study in New Jersey and a budget study of the State of Wisconsin. He commented that Wisconsin does not use native ability and management education and training to select managers.
State departments consist of many sub-units that are highly interdependent.
The building of a management team will bring organization and coherency to the various parts of the department. The State had only the new supervisors' course in 1992. A couple of departments had additional management training, notably the Department of Natural Resources. The supervisor course had changed only a little since 1978. There was no central policy or philosophy concerning training managers and no measurement was available to evaluate effectiveness.