Lipids and fats generate the greatest energy yield, so many plants and animals store energy as fats. Some fatty acids, such as linoleic acid, are essential and must be included in the diet. A, D, E, and K. Vitamins are organic molecules required for metabolic reactions. They usually cannot be made by the body and are needed in trace amounts. Vitamins may act as enzyme cofactors or coenzymes .
Some vitamins are soluble in fats, some in water.
Minerals are trace elements required for normal metabolism, as components of cells and tissues, and for nerve conduction and muscle contraction. They can only be obtained from the diet. There is a quantitative relationship between nutrients and health. Imbalances can cause disease. Many studies have concluded nutrition is a major factor in cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and cancer.