C. Obesity is a common and increasing public health problem in both developed and developing countries. Although data are limited in population studies, no strong association has been demonstrated between dietary fat and body fatness. E. Obesity can be prevented and controlled by balancing energy intake and energy expenditure through a healthy diet and regular physical activity. The Mediterranean diet, though not a low fat diet, may contribute to the prevention and treatment of obesity because of its variety and palatability, provided it is con- trolled in calories. There is substantial and consistent evidence that diets rich in vegetables, fruit, and whole grains reduce risk of cancer.
Total fat is probably unrelated.
Saturated fat may increase risk. Olive oil and marine oils may decrease risk. Antioxidants and phytosterols may decrease risk. There is disagreement on the strength of the association of red meat with increased risk. B. Breast cancer.