An article on this topic is available in this issue of AFP . It can have many causes. It is important to talk to your doctor if you have this problem because there are effective treatments for many of the causes. Any of the genital parts can cause pain during sex. Some conditions affect the skin around the vagina.
Some women have a viral infection or vaginal yeast infections, but sometimes the cause is unknown.
The pain from these conditions is usually felt when a tampon or penis is inserted into the vagina. Sometimes, even sitting or wearing pants can cause discomfort. In some women, the pain of the spasms is so severe that penile penetration is impossible. Vaginal dryness can also cause painful sex. This dryness may be caused by menopause and changes in estrogen levels, or from difficulty becoming aroused.