Tropical sprue is thought to be caused by infection. The patient usually appears unwell, is underweight, and has a dry, pale skin. The abdomen may also swell. The patient may complain of weakness, fatigue, and frequent muscle cramps. Bruising may occur easily, and diarrhea, with large, pale, fatty stools that float, may be present.
Treatment depends on the cause.
Celiac disease is treated with a gluten-free diet and the avoidance of all wheat and rye protein. Pancreatic enzymes can be given orally if there is a deficiency of the enzyme. Patients with pancreatitis must avoid alcohol.