Low to moderate in Indiana. In the western rangelands, where lupine grows plentifully, the risk of toxicosis would be high. Different species of lupine have different toxicities. Sheep are primarily affected, but all animals are susceptible. Breathing problems, behavioral changes, trembling, birth defects, coma, death.
Wild lupines are common only in the prairie and lake counties of Indiana.
In the rangelands of the West, they are a leading cause of livestock poisoning. Several stems often grow from one creeping root and reach 12 to 30 inches in height. Toxicity in lupine is believed to result primarily from the alkaloid D-lupanine. The signs of lupine poisoning can develop within an hour or may take as long as a day. If large quantities were consumed, convulsions, coma, and death by respiratory paralysis may occur.