It is important to maintain and restore wetland functions and values because wetlands contribute to the overall health of the environment. Some basic wetland functions and their associated values are listed below. This function helps prevent flooding by temporarily storing water, allowing it to soak into the ground or evaporate. This temporary storage can help reduce peak water flows after a storm by slowing the movement of water into tributary streams which allows potential floodwaters to reach mainstream rivers over a longer period of time. Water quality is also improved by removing nutrients, pesticides, and bacteria from surface waters as they are absorbed or broken down by plants, animals, and chemical processes within the wetland.
Wetlands are reservoirs for rainwater and runoff.
As this water is released into the ground, it recharges water tables and aquifers, and extends the period of stream flows in many parts of the United States. Nutrient cycling Wetlands enhance the decomposition of organic matter, incorporating nutrients back into the food chain. Retention of particles By filtering out sediments and particles suspended in runoff water, wetlands help prevent lakes, reservoirs, and other resources from being affected by downstream sediment loading. This improves water quality and extends the life of water bodies by reducing sedimentation rates. Both coastal and inland wetlands provide breeding, nesting, and feeding habitat for millions of waterfowl, birds, fish, and other wildlife.