It grows in open mesic forests from sea level to 1,400 m.
Seeds remain viable for years.
A problem species in Hawaii, observed to be weakly to moderately invasive on Guam and Saipan. Usually out-competed in Micronesia by more aggressive invasive species. Quite prevalent and aggressive on Niue. Seedlings can be hand pulled. Remove seed pods to prevent reinfestation and recheck periodically for new seedlings.