In the wake of hurricane Mitch in 1995, an outbreak of leptospirosis with pulmonary haemorrhages was reported in Nicaragua. In 1998, there was an outbreak in the continental United States. 1998 also saw an outbreak in Peru and Ecuador following heavy flooding. A post-cyclone outbreak was reported in Orissa, India in 1999. Treatment with appropriate antibiotics should be initiated as early as possible.
Untreated cases can progress to a more severe and potentially fatal stage.
Preventive measures must be based on a knowledge of the groups at particular risk of infection and the relevant local epidemiological factors. Prepared for World Water Day. WHO , implemented by IRC . Contact WHO .