Such cases where an existing word is replaced by another existing word with a different meaning are rather infrequent. Very often a Yod replaces a Waw or vice versa, as these two frequent characters differ only in the length of the vertical stroke. The actual process of text tradition is much more intricate, and is not the subject of this article which deals only with the writing system. The transcription of Hebrew words in this article is based on the modern Israeli pronunciation of Hebrew which is not demonstrably better or worse than any other tradition. The vowels, however, are not pronounced as in English, but roughly according to the International Phonetic Alphabet, or the Spanish or German language.
Stress is on the last syllable except when otherwise indicated by an acute accent.