Women are the main producers in mountain households.
In situations in which men out-migrate, women also manage the household. They have, however, rarely been entrepreneurs with the capability and authority to make decisions on investments, production, and marketing. In a subsistence economy, the enterprise function is very limited and revolves around subsistence farming. The results and impacts have been mixed. New activities and enterprises, such as vegetable farming, horticulture, sericulture, and processing of farm and forest produce, have increased household incomes, but women's workloads have often increased.