Some additional factors are changes in labor force entrants.
Baby boomers had fewer children, so there are fewer young adults entering the work force. The number of women entering the work force that steadily increased in the last 25 years seemingly has now peaked. The City and County of Honolulu has also had a slowing of in-migration of workers from the mainland, although the neighbor islands have not. The above mentioned entrance of discount retailers and the growth of the affordable housing supply account for most of this change. These two sectors have stagnated or declined since 1991 due to cutbacks in government spending and the maturation point reached in the westbound tourist market.