That legislation prohibits discrimination based on disability in any program or activity receiving or benefiting from federal assistance. The law has greatly affected higher education, challenging colleges and universities to make adjustments on their campuses. There are six major disability categories, some of which are not always visible to an observer and each of which may require different accommodations. Mobility Impairments Paraplegia, quadriplegia, amputation, and other mobility impairments are caused by such conditions as cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, arthritis, or by injury. Depending on the severity of the disability, students may have limitations in stamina, manual dexterity, speech, or ability to stand.
Some students can read using large print or a magnifier.
Others need readers, textbooks on tape, or Braille materials. Community, state, and federal agencies often help produce materials for visually impaired students. There is a great range in hearing loss. Many students can use hearing aids and hear sufficiently for classes and social situations. Some students can make use of specialized amplification devices for PA systems in classrooms.