The animal is fertile if anorchidism is unilateral. Orchitis and epididymitis are infections of the testicles and epididymitis. When the problem is chronic the testicles are small, firm, and nonpainful. Sterility may be a sequela. The diagnosis is made by physical exam, semen exam and urinalysis.
Treatment includes antibiotics or castration.
Testicular tumors should be considered when testicles are enlarged and nonpainful. Testicular tumors usually occur in middle aged to older dogs. Metastasis is uncommon. Interstitial tumors do not produce hormones. They do not produce a hormone.