In some cases, the growth factors may be directly incoprorated into the prefabricated scaffold sheet material. The seeded layers are assembled into a 3D structure. Multiple layers may be joined simultaneoulsy with biodegradable screws or sutures. Or, layers my be incrementally assembled using miniature, biodegradable fasterners such as shown in the examples shown below. The assembled scaffold is implanted into the patient 9.
Tissue grows into the scaffold and across the layers as the scaffold degrades.