Abolitionists argue that the state is disregarding the human rights and human dignity of the criminal. Kant, a retentionist argues that we must give the benefit of the doubt to the criminal that he freely decided to commit the crime in a rational state of mind and he or she used the categorical imperative, raising it to a universal principle. If so universalized it will be turned against the criminal who will be executed. For Kant retentionism truly shows respect for rationality for criminals, however, others see Kant failing to meet his own principle of not using people as means to an end, just like the utilitarians. Vengeance is usually not included under heading of legitimate punishment theories.
Vengeance is an emotional enterprise while retribution is a logical response.
Vengeance is not limited to punishment that fits the crime.