Treatment is to irrigate the preputial sheath with dilute potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, quaternary ammonium compounds, antibiotic steroid combination, or mechanical removal of lymphoid follicles. Phimosis is when the penis cannot be extruded from the prepuce. It may be congenital due to a small orifice or persistent frenulum. Acquired inflammation or neoplasia reduces the size of preputial orifice or increases the size of the penis. Depending on severity of signs, one may not observe signs until the dog tries to copulate.
Treatment is to surgically enlarge the opening or surgical excision of masses.
Paraphimosis is when the penis is extruded from the prepuce and cannot be returned to its normal position. This may occur following breeding or sexual excitement such as being kenneled next to a bitch in heat, or by a traumatic fracture of the os penis. This is an emergency. Penile tissue dries out rapidly and becomes necrotic and gangrenous. Dysuria may develop from compression of the urethra.