Last year, Professor Bothun and I wrote a grant to obtain funding from the Hubble Space Telescope Science Institute to train teachers to enable students to perform acquisition of real digital data, thus do real research projects. You will be selected based on if you have basic astronomy knowledge, your school has high speed Internet connectivity, and you indicate that you would implement a digital observing project in the coming school year, and, of course, your position in the queue of applicants.
Temperature is caused by amount of radiation received.
Brightness is variable but not by much, distance similarly variable but not by much, so the latter two factors predominate. Shine the light on five areas of the globe, near the top, middle, equator, middle between equator and bottom, and close to bottom. Now consider the filtering effect of Earth's atmosphere. That angle causes greater area, for the same amount of flux. But, much more important, consider a layer of ice around your globe, to simulate the atmosphere.