Babesiosis is self-limited with a duration of weeks to months and is characterized by irregular fever, chills, diaphoresis, headache, myalgia, and fatigue. Moderate hemolytic anemia, jaundice, hemoglobinuria, and hepatosplenomegaly are common. Treatment is focused on symptoms. Essential features are fever, progressive hemolytic anemia, generalized lymphadenopathy, and exposure to sandflies. Salmonellosis is a common complication of bartonellosis.
Treatment is with penicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, or chloramphenicol.
A common course of illness begins with an abrupt onset of fever, myalgia, cutaneous flushing, and conjunctival suffusion. Treatment is primarily supportive, except that Lassa fever, South American HFs, and possibly Crimean-Congo HF and Rift Valley HF may be treated with a slow infusion of IV ribavirin. Treatment is with amphotericin B initially, and itraconazole or fluconazole are used for maintenance therapy. Heterosexual transmission is common in these areas. Incubation is 2-8 weeks.