While money is a factor in workplace motivation it may be surprising that it is only one of many factors, and for some people it is not the main factor. Needs are deficiencies that a person experiences at a particular time. Psychologists have developed many motivational models. Basic models operate on the premise that certain basic human needs must be met before other motivational issues can be addressed. Pay particular attention to p. 396 Herzberg, McClelland, Alderfer and others have also proposed models to explain human motivation.
Vroom proposes that motivation is more complex than just examining needs.
He demonstrated that desirable behavior could be reinforced with the right reward and that undesirable behavior could be extinguished with punishment. He projected his extensive research with animals onto learned behavior in humans. Pay particular attention to p. 410 Douglas McGregor proposed a Theory X and Theory Y model to explain basic human traits. Theory X assumes that workers have a negative attitude toward work and need constant supervision by managers. Theory Y assumes that workers are self-motivated, will work hard and will do the right thing if given a chance and a little management guidance.