Wood moderately hard and straight grained. Seed production best in trees 50-150 years of age. Large seed crops once every 3-7 years with light crops in intervening years. Winged seeds are lightweight and disseminated by wind. Effective dispersal range averages 40 ' from the source tree, but seeds may be carried up to 900 '.
Seedlings establish on mineral soil exposed by fire.
Best conditions are a fine sand seedbed, thin moss or litter, partial shade, abundant precipitation, and a water table within 4 ' of the soil surface. Seedling height growth increases with increasing light. Usually takes 4-10 years to reach 4.5 '. Thereafter, height growth may average 1' per year. Cones develop over two growing seasons.