The hypotensive stage is characterized by decreased blood pressure, tachycardia, and sometimes shock. Thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, proteinuria, and oliguria occur, as does renal failure in some cases. Renal function returns as the oliguric phase resolves and the polyuric phase ensues. Electrolyte imbalances and dehydration may occur in the polyuric phase. Disseminated intravascular coagulation may occur relatively early in the course of illness.
Treatment is supportive as discussed below.
Hantavirus infection is thought to occur through inhalation of infected rodent droppings dust. HPS is characterized by a flu-like febrile illness that rapidly progresses to shock and adult respiratory distress syndrome with thrombocytopenia, hemoconcentration, and leukocytosis. Treatment is supportive as discussed below. Ventilation may be necessary within 24 hours of onset. Incubation in South American HFs ranges from 7-14 days.