Some varieties are highly branched, while others are unbranched. Leaves are variable in shape and size and may be opposite or alternate. Multiple flowering is favored by opposite leaves. Sesame is normally self-pollinated, although cross pollination by insects is common. The seeds mature 4 to 6 weeks after fertilization.
Sesame seeds are small and vary in color.
One thousand seeds weigh about one ounce. The lighter colored seeds are considered higher quality. Commercial varieties of sesame require 90 to 120 frostfree days. Sesame is very drought-tolerant, due in part to an extensive root system. However, it requires adequate moisture for germination and early growth and a minimum rainfall of 20 to 26 in.