Confessional Revival in Germany. The Hartwick Synod is formed by the Western Conference of the New York Ministerium. The General Synod begins publishing the Lutheran Observer, oldest English-language predecessor of The Lutheran . Take time to look at The Lutheran's family tree. Nikolai F.S. Grundtvig, father of Danish hymnody, publishes the first of his five volumes of hymns.
Victorian Era begins in Europe.
Entire Cherokee Nation forced to vacate lands and move west of the Mississippi. 1838 Photography is invented. At that time the synod adopts anti-slavery resolution. Payne never serves a Lutheran congregation, but becomes president of Wilberforce College and a bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Wave of European colonial expansion begins in Africa and Asia.