Have an elevated base around automatic waters. Make the base wide enough so they can easily put their front legs on it but not their hind legs when they are drinking. Animals will not normally place only their hind legs on this base and therefore will not deficate in the water. Make the surface rough so that they will not slip. If there is a question of water quality, it should be tested to obtain optimum production, especially in dairy, broiler, layer or swine operations.
Salinity refers to salts dissolved in water.
One gram of sulfate per liter may result in scours. Salts such as sodium-chloride change the electrolyte balance and intracellular pressure in the body, producing a form of dehydration. Salts also place a strain on the kidneys. Excess fluoride causes degeneration of the teeth. High salt concentrations that are less than toxic, may actually cause an increase in water consumption.