If the pack is small and there is plenty to eat, the range is as small as four square miles. If the pack is large or food is scarce, the pack may range over 3,000 square miles. All hunting, raising of young, and other activities occur within this range. Wolves don't usually migrate. Gray wolves communicate with each other with growls, howls, barks and scent marking.
Wolves define their territory by smell.
Every three weeks or so, they travel along their borders to mark special points like a tree stump, rock, or fallen log. The scent left behind by wolves alerts any other scent-oriented animal that they're crossing into a wolf pack's territory. Howling is used to communicate for two reasons. When the pack is together, howling is like a group sing it brings the pack together and generates enthusiasm for a hunt. But over long distances, howling serves another function.