In contrast, the congregation is a self-regulating voluntary association of people unhampered by external rules except about public safety, zoning and Presbyterian governance. Although the seminary and the congregation share the same gospel and the same requirements for a Christian lifestyle, their institutional characteristics are different. For example, seminary students are judged on their work in courses, participation in the life of the seminary and their lifestyle. The latter two traits are noted in letters of recommendation but they are seldom evaluated for graduation. In contrast, a pastor is judged on the basis of leadership of worship and preaching, religious lifestyle, personality, ability to plan and administer a program, management of conflicts, and attractiveness to new members.
Seminary students are responsible for themselves and their course work.
Students coming out of three years of a dependent-type set of relationships are suddenly thrust into leadership roles when they are installed as a pastors. Some graduates make the transition rather quickly, but for many it is a difficult learning experience. Candidates for the ministry come to seminary today with leadership experience in the military, various professions and, in most cases, active participation in congregational life. Previous experience may be helpful but it may also be a hindrance to the leadership of a congregation for two reasons. First, novice ministers may not be aware of their leadership style.