Other concerns are acid rain, airborne toxics, depletion of wetland areas, increased demands on the shoreline land base, the impacts associated with the unintentional introduction of exotic species, and climate change. Great Lakes coastal wetlands are highly productive and diverse communities of plant and animal life. They are essential to the well-being of the Great Lakes ecosystem. Their unique vegetation provides cover and food for wildlife, helps protect shorelines from erosion, and helps improve water quality by filtering pollutants and trapping sediment. Many fish species depend on Great Lakes wetlands for spawning, resting, and feeding.
Wetlands are also critical for waterfowl as both nesting and migration habitat.
In fact, it is estimated that 68 bird species are either totally or partially dependent on Great Lakes basin wetlands. Wetlands are also important to humans. We use them for wildlife observation, water supplies, sportfishing, waterfowl hunting, trapping of furbearing animals, harvesting of trees, berries, and other vegetation, adult and public school education, and a variety of recreational pursuits. Unfortunately, humans also alter and fill in wetlands in order to use them for other purposes. About two thirds of the original wetlands in the lower Great Lakes basin have already been lost, and they continue to disappear.