Most transparent pigments are natural minerals reduced to pigment particle size. Transparent pigments often constitute a substantial portion of a protective coating. These pigments are essentially transparent to visible light. Because of the difference in refractive index between the pigment particles and the vehicles, white pigments refract the light from a multitude of surfaces and return a substantial portion in the direction of illumination without significant change in its spectral composition. W. Karl Watson , Painter Color can be transparent.
Watercolors are transparent.
Glazing in all painting is a series of transparent layers of paint. Glazing is what creates translucency in oil, and to a lesser extent in acrylics. It depends on what you mean by transparency without color. However, in painting there is always a color. One exception to this is maybe when an overpainting occurs.