In most years, they will mature before frost if planted July 1, but yields may be lower. Since dry beans have a good profit potential, it is best to plant them as a sole summer crop in the central and northern part of the state. However, maturity can be delayed by variable weather conditions. There are a large number of dry bean varieties available. The first step in variety selection should be identifying which market class can be most easily and profitably marketed.
Yield comes second.
Then you might find out that the black bean was worth twice the price of navy beans, was less likely to discolor during harvest, and was easier to sell - clearly, your choice would change. For the Midwest, dark seeded market classes, such as black beans, are most appropriate. Lighter colored beans, like navy beans, can become discolored by rain during the few weeks before harvest. The market classes do vary in how easy they are to direct combine. Black and kidney beans tend to stand upright much better than pinto bean varieties, for example.