Syphilis can also be spread at this stage. An individual who has had syphilis for a year or less is considered to have early latent syphilis. An individual who has had syphilis for one year or more is considered to have late latent syphilis. Although no symptoms occur in the latent stages, the organism is still present in the body. However, heart problems, central nervous system damage, blindness, and even death may take place during this stage.
Transmission is most likely to occur during the first year of infection.
An infection that has persisted for more than four years is rarely communicable. The exception is an untreated pregnant woman who may transmit syphilis to the fetus regardless of the duration of her disease. A dark-field examination of all genital ulcerative lesions can also be useful. Intramuscular penicillin is the preferred drug for treatment of all stages of syphilis. Adequate treatment for the mother early in pregnancy can prevent infection of the fetus.