These soil particles contain most of the humus and nutrients in the soil, and if lost, soil fertility is reduced. Normally, soil particles do not move until the wind velocity is about 13 miles per hour, one foot above the ground. In areas where snow provides a critical source of soil moisture, windbreaks increase the probability of successful crop production by capturing and distributing the snow across fields. Where snow is not a major source of soil moisture, windbreaks still provide valuable winter protection to fall planted crops by reducing soil erosion and decreasing plant abrasion and desiccation. With proper design and management, windbreaks can provide benefits to soil and water resources in most agricultural regions.
Windbreaks reduce wind speed and change the field environment.
Depending on the crop, the type of soil, and the local climate, various benefits to crop growth and development occur. In some areas, winter protection and snow cover are critical to winter wheat production. Uniform snow distribution contributes to added soil moisture for spring crops. Temperature and humidity changes may lower evaporation and increase crop water use efficiency and photosynthesis. Reduced wind speeds lower evaporation rates, improve irrigation efficiency and reduce pumping costs.