These variables include planning for content coverage and using effective teaching strategies. Effective instruction variables have been demonstrated to be positively associated with achievement of all students in inclusive settings. Planning for content coverage is a critical component of teacher effectiveness. Teachers must consider carefully the role of objectives, scope and sequence, curriculum, pacing, and types and levels of learning when planning instruction. Levels of learning include acquisition, fluency, application, and generalization.
Students can provide either identification or production responses.
Consideration of types and levels of learning can be beneficial when planning instructional strategies. All are critical components of effective teaching for all students. Additionally, effectively used questioning, feedback, and praise are important contributors to student learning. Practice activities provide opportunities for students to solidify and apply their learning. Practice activities can include guided practice, in which teachers closely monitor student responding, and independent practice, in which students work more independently.