Natural plant protein supplements, including SBM, CSM, and legumes appear to be as effective when fed two or three times a week as when fed daily. When greater amounts are fed less frequently, timid cows may be more likely to eat their fair share. Protein supplements should be evaluated and purchased by nutrient cost and feeding cost. Protein sources, such as alfalfa hay, can be an inexpensive or cost effective supplement. Phosphorus deficiencies have been shown to decrease weaning weight.
Salt is used to limit consumption of supplemental phosphorus.
Bred cows and heifers grazing winter range, crop residues, or low quality forages need about .01 to .015 pounds of supplemental phosphorus daily during gestation. A 10-15 percent phosphorus mineral mixed equally by weight with salt will provide about the correct phosphorus intake for dry cows, cows in late lactation, or cows during early lactation fed high quality hay. Magnesium supplementation is recommended in some areas before and during grazing of early lush pasture. Research has not indicated that trace minerals are always needed in Nebraska. Any deficiencies should be dealt with and be supplemented on an individual ranch basis.