Stress is not necessarily a negative phenomenon and it would therefore be a mistake to concentrate only on its pathological effects. A moderate level of stress can be an important motivational factor and can be instrumental in achieving a dynamic adaptation to new situations. If health is considered as a dynamic equilibrium, stress is part of it. There is no health without interaction with other people and with the environment. Only excesses of stress are pathological.
Some stress is therefore normal and necessary, at work and outside it.
But if stress is intense, continuous or repeated, if a person is unable to cope, or if support is lacking, stress then becomes a negative phenomenon which can lead to physical illness and psychological disorders. In a work context, it often results in inadequate adaptation to situations and people and failure to perform at an optimal level. The age-old, genetically determined reaction of human beings to threats or pressure has the primary objective of preparing them for intense physical activity of the fight or flight type. This involves a quickening of the heartbeat and breathing rhythm and the diversion of more blood to the muscles than to other organs. The release of adrenaline and noradrenaline raises levels of glucose and free fatty acids in the blood stream to provide greater energy.