Vaccines are among the 20 th century s most successful and cost-effective public health tools for preventing disease, disability, and death. Enacting and enforcing immunization laws and regulations are the responsibility of State governments. CDC supports States decisions to require certain immunizations as recommended on the Childhood Immunization Schedule for children entering school and childcare facilities. Almost all State immunization mandates pertain to entrance into school and childcare facilities. Many States also have college immunization requirements.
States approaches to exemptions for immunization requirements vary.
All States allow medical exemptions for immunization. Forty-eight States permit exemptions for religious reasons and 15 States permit parents to claim exemptions on philosophical grounds. Implementation of religious and philosophical exemptions also varies among States. In some States, immunization program staff review written applications for exemption before granting or denying religious or philosophical exemptions. In other States, parents can obtain exemptions by simply signing a form which is accepted without review.