Oregon white oak and Douglas fir were originally dominant but, today, rural residential development, woodland, pastureland, vineyards, tree farms, and orchards are common. This mountainous ecoregion underlain by Cenozoic volcanics has been affected by alpine glaciations. It is characterized by steep ridges and river valleys in the west, a high plateau in the east, and both active and dormant volcanoes. Elevations range upwards to 14,410 feet. Its moist, temperate climate supports an extensive and highly productive coniferous forest.
Subalpine meadows occur at high elevations.
Cascades Photo by Catalena Cabrera 4a. The Western Cascades Lowlands and Valleys ecoregion is characterized by a network of steep ridges and narrow valleys. Elevations are generally less than 3,200 feet and are the lowest in the Cascades ecoregion. The wet, mild climate promotes lush forests that are dominated by Douglas fir and western hemlock. It is one of the most important timber producing areas in the Northwest.