Depression in women is sometimes triggered by biological factors, life stresses, or difficulty coping with events or changes. There is evidence that brain neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine are involved in depression. Recent research has also implicated estrogen and progesterone as modulators of mood in women. A woman's menstrual cycle and childbearing phases can sometimes put her at greater risk for episodes of depression. Hormonal changes associated with the menses, pregnancy, delivery of a child and menopause can affect a woman's psychological well-being.
Women are particularly susceptible to depression after childbirth.
Childbearing decisions or frustrations with controlling conception to meet personal needs can likewise sometimes foster unhappiness. Other life stresses may include financial setbacks, problems at work or in relationships, and illness. These may in turn trigger serious symptoms of clinical depression. Furthermore, women who experience one episode of major depression have been shown to be more likely to experience depression again. Although occasional sadness in life is normal, particularly when some loss occurs, a woman experiencing constant gloom or losing interest in daily life should talk with someone trained to help.