First U.S. census. Black slaves counted as only three-fifths of a person. Men's and women's ages added to list of questions.
Southern politicians resist efforts to gather personal information from slaves.
Slaves are tabulated by number only. Responding to pressure from Western politicians angry over Chinese immigration, census adds Chinese to list of races. Freed slaves are counted as full persons for the first time. Recounts ordered in large Eastern cities when politicians claim poor immigrants are undercounted. First census to use professional enumerators.