In Alabama many azaleas begin to set flower buds in July. Therefore, pruning after early July may reduce the next year's flower production. The best time to prune is soon after the flowering period in the spring. Cut out the limbs that have grown out of the main body of the plant. Do not shear unless your intention is to create a formal hedge, spalier, or topiary plant.
Shearing destroys the natural form of the plant.
Azaleas often become too large for the area they occupy, especially when they are used as foundation plants around a home. If this happens, cut back the large plants to 6 to 12 inches above the ground shortly after blooming. When new growth buds appear on the stem, the new stems and leaves will grow very fast. Pinch out any long unbranched shoots that develop to force a branch system. Be sure to keep the soil moist for several days after severe pruning.