Many people are interested in how genes shape other personal characteristics, such as sexual orientation, intelligence, and social behavior. Research into these areas is very controversial and raises many questions. For example, some researchers are trying to find out if there are any genes that contribute to homosexuality. Other researchers are trying to determine how genes shape intelligence. And take the question of a genetic link to criminal behavior.
Some people are critical of theories linking genes and certain kinds of behavior.
They say that these theories are often based on fanciful thinking or prejudice, not science. They say that this kind of research is easily twisted to support discrimination against minorities. In any event, research suggests that environment is at least as powerful a shaper of behavior as genes. And there is still the role of personal responsibility. Shy or bold, risk-taking or cautious, it is still within Howard's power to choose whether to quit smoking, to give up sweets, and to start jogging.