Or substitute a bird or jalapeno pepper. Garlic has become a universal flavoring item. Garlic is highly concentrated so a small number of cloves are often used. Roasted garlic is more mellow. Scallions and Chives .
Scallions give an onion flavor.
Shallots are frequently substituted in many dishes. Chive sticks make a nice delicate onion-based garnish. The West Indian chives have thicker stems, but some of the flavor of shallots. Onion, of course, is also a flavorful vegetable, but must be distinguished from the basic flavoring accenting the cooking oil. Ginger can be added for an eastern taste, sometimes replacing thyme.