National Science Foundation , National Survey of Recent College Graduates, 1993. Excludes full-time graduate students. See appendix table 1-5 . U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census . Data From the Survey of Income and Program Participation , P70-33.
Women earn a smaller proportion of master's and doctoral degrees than they do of bachelor's degrees.
Far fewer women than men are enrolled in graduate science and engineering education or earn doctoral degrees in science and engineering. Women were 36 percent of graduate enrollment in science and engineering in 1993 and were 30 percent of science and engineering doctorate recipients. Because of their more recent entry into science and engineering as well as a greater tendency than men to be out of the labor force and to be employed outside of science and engineering, women are only 22 percent of the science and engineering labor force. Also because of their more recent entry into science and engineering, far fewer women than men attain the rank of full professor in academia or attain management positions in industry. Asians, on the other hand, are overrepresented in science and engineering.