On exam you note bilateral diffuse swelling of breasts which are also very hard and tender when touched. Your diagnosis is Interrupted Breastfeeding related to unexpected surgery, and you call the maternity unit for a breast pump. A useful history includes a total review of systems with a breast-related focus. Note duration of symptoms and timing in association with menstrual cycle, pregnancy, diet, and use of drugs. Note the patient's age because an increased risk of breast cancer accompanies aging.
Some studies suggest that breastfeeding decreases breast cancer risk.
3 Look for medical problems, such as thyroid and pituitary disorders, previous breast disease, diabetes, lymphomas, and obesity. Finally, note the use of any medications, because some agents influence breast discharge and size. 3 Ascertain if family members have experienced recurrent breast cysts. Although the added risk is uncertain, note the occurrence of cancer or cysts in aunts, grandmothers, and cousins. Dietary choices that are associated with a decreased breast cancer risk include high fiber, soybean products, olive oil, limited alcohol, and a restriction of polyunsaturated fats.