The excess risk of cancer of the cheek and gum may reach nearly fiftyfold among long-term snuff users. The use of smokeless tobacco is increasing among male adolescents and young male adults. About 5 million US adults use smokeless tobacco. Industrial Hazards Industrial workers are especially susceptible to lung diseases due to the combined effects of cigarette smoke and exposure to certain toxic industrial substances, such as fumes from rubber and chlorine, and dust from cotton and coal. Exposure to asbestos in combination with cigarette smoking increases an individual's lung cancer risk nearly 60 times.
Smoking also enhances lung cancer risk in underground miners exposed to radon.