The site is usually less than 1 cm in diameter and arises at the junction of old and new cortex. Pathologically the lesion is highly vascularized fibrous tissue with an osteoid matrix and poorly calcified bone spicules surrounded by a dense zone of sclerotic bone. The involved extremity should also be carefully examined for deformity, swelling, crepitus, discoloration, and open wounds. A primary concern in any evaluation is a distal neurovascular compromise, which may require immediate surgical intervention. An open reduction is an operative reduction in which pins are fixed into the separate fragments to promote proximity for healing.
Subluxation is an incomplete or partial dislocation.
It is believed to result from intrauterine constriction. Most cases are mild and flexible, with the foot easily dorsiflexed and the lateral aspect easily straightened by passive stretching. Improvement usually occurs within two months with passive stretching exercises. Rigid, more fixed deformities may require casting.