The result is a relative loss of sodium and occasionally potassium and magnesium. Symptoms and Signs Onset is often abrupt, with muscles of the extremities affected first. Severe pain and carpopedal spasm may incapacitate the hands and feet. Often episodic, the cramping makes muscles feel like hard knots. When the cramps affect only abdominal muscles, the pain may simulate an acute abdomen.
Vital signs are usually normal.
The skin may be hot and dry or clammy and cool, depending on the humidity. Prophylaxis and Treatment Awareness of heat cramps is usually sufficient to prevent them. In most instances, heat cramps are prevented and rapidly relieved by drinking fluids or eating foods containing sodium chloride. Sodium chloride tablets are often used for prophylaxis but can cause stomach irritation, and overdose may lead to edema. Use of these tablets should be discouraged.