NF1 is an autosomal dominant trait, meaning that if either parent has NF1, the offspring have 50 per cent chance of having the disease. NF1 may also appear in a family with no previous history as a new mutation. Neurofibromatosis causes unchecked growth of neurofibromatous tissue in nerves such as the optic nerve and can cause severe nerve damage leading to loss of function to the area stimulated by that nerve. Genetic counseling may be recommended for persons with a history of neurofibromatosis.
Symptoms can be extremely varied, depending on the age of the parent and severity of the disease.
Tumors that cause pain or loss of function are removed on an individual basis. Tumors that have become malignant are removed whenever possible. Attention to the special schooling needs of the intellectually handicapped may be appropriate in some instances. The life expectancy of people with neurofibromatosis is almost normal barring complications. Although mental impairment is generally mild, NF1 is considered to be a leading cause of retardation in the United States.