Coaches should not emphasize winning at all cost. Enjoyment and the development of individual skills should be the objective. Coaches should be alert to and praise improvement. Players should not be encouraged or allowed to play when injured or ill, as a demonstration of stoic virtue. They perceive themselves as unsuccessful because their level of performance doesn't earn them more playing time.
Sports violence is most prevalent in professional sports.
Encourage input, permit participation in decision-making, and listen to player feedback. Feelings of team ownership foster team cohesiveness, which in turn leads to better performance. Teachers and coaches should commit themselves to actively teaching positive sports-related values, and devise curricula that do so. As the earliest and potentially the most influential role models, parents can have a critical impact on a child's attitudes towards sports. Those references identified with an EJ number have been abstracted and are in the ERIC data base.