Frequently, their endeavors either directly or indirectly result in new technologies that have had profound effects on our lives. Radar, television, lasers, x-ray machines and atomic power all came about from Physicists' quest for basic scientific knowledge. Some major branches of physics are Solid State Physics, Nuclear Physics, Optical Physics, Fluid and Plasma Physics and Space and Planetary Physics. Many Physicists are engaged in research and development. Some do basic research to increase scientific knowledge.
Theoretical Physicists work with mathematical formulas.
Experimental Physicists use systematic observation and measurement, sometimes designing new instruments for this purpose. They use computers to aid in the complex computations that are an integral part of modern physics. The difference between theoretical and experimental Physicists is often merely one of emphasis. Engineering-oriented Physicists perform applied research, developing new or improved products. For example, the work of Physicists specializing in solid state physics led to the development of transistors and microchips.