Low protein diet aggravates the disease in pigs by increasing the establishment rates, the faecal egg excretion and the morbidity. Lastly, human congenital S. japonicum infection has been confirmed in pigs but the implications of such infections for the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis japonica remain to be investigated. Vaccination against cysticercosis and hydatid disease. Yoo D. Giulivi A. Infections with the larval stages of taeniid cestode parasites cause substantial human morbidity as well as economic losses in domestic livestock species. Despite ongoing efforts around the world, few countries have been able substantially to reduce or eradicate these infections through the use of anthelmintics and lifestyle changes.
Vaccines offer an additional potential tool to assist with the control of parasite transmission.
Here, Marshall Lightowlers and colleagues review the substantial progress that has been made towards developing practical vaccines against hydatid disease in sheep and cysticercosis in sheep and cattle. Such success in animals encourages investigation of the potential use of vaccines in humans to prevent hydatid disease arising from infection with Echinococcus granulosus and cysticercosis from infection with Taenia solium. Proinflammatory cytokines and viral respiratory disease in pigs. The first part of this review concentrates on known clinical and pathogenetic features of these infections. The exact mechanisms whereby these viruses cause symptoms and pathology, however, remain unresolved.