Preexisting bias has its roots in social institutions, practices, and attitudes.
Technical bias arises from technical constraints of considerations.
Emergent bias arises in a context of use. Although others have pointed to bias inparticular computer systems and have noted the general problem, we know of no comparable work that examines this phenomenon comprehensively and which offers a framework for understanding and remedying it. Computing Reviews Darin Chardin Savage Friedman and Nissenbaum present a fascinating overview of bias within computer systems. The rapid dissemination and ready acceptance of computer algorithms means that biases may easily affect a large number of unsuspecting people. The difficulty, the authors observe, is in identifying and describing the nature of the bias, for this issue has not been comprehensively addressed in the computer literature.