Therefore it is important to sum up activities to control other lead sources against those implemented and funded by initiatives related to phasing lead out of gasoline. This is important given that as opposed to the almost universal exposure that results from the use of leaded gasoline, that resulting from other sources tends to be concentrated in less privileged population living under poverty. The continued exposure to lead in these populations perpetuates the circle of poverty and underdevelopment. Therefore it is important to change the perception that no additional research is needed in relation to lead epidemiology. Applied epidemiological research within countries will be needed to characterize and control exposure resulting from mining related activities and from informal cottage industries that recycle batteries, fabricate ceramics or repair radiators, among others.
Several studies give indication of the importance of different sources.
Actions driven by the findings in these studies differed, while in Nicaragua the plant was closed, in Albania the population received advice regarding how to avoid lead exposure. Families depending on employment in polluting industries may have a double side impact when severe control measures are implemented. On one side, their children may be suffering health effects due to exposure to the toxic, while on the other, children may suffer consequences of unemployment if the factory is closed. Current technology allows clean production and therefore substantial reductions in emission rates. These cases illustrate some of the complicated issues regarding environmental control.