The main destinations for Haitian emigrants have been Cuba and the Dominican Republic. Independent republic since 1804. The first democratic elections were held only in December 1990 when Jean Bertrand Aristide was elected President. Aristide was re-elected in November of 2000. Vodou remains a part of Haitian culture stemming from their African roots and the Government officially recognizes the Vodouist Federation.
Some small percentage speak Spanish.
A number of grassroots groups and the clergy are involved in learning English. Free public education is sporadic and non-existent in many rural areas. Most families do not have electricity or running water. 2.4 million people live in urban slums. Fewer than 200 families control the entire economy.