WHO position paper.
Vaccination is the most effective and most reliable way of preventing typhoid fever.
Various combined vaccines offering protection against typhoid fever and other diseases, such as yellow fever are also being developed. The availability of a combined Vi capsular polysaccharide and hepatitis A vaccine will increase uptake in travelers. The first typhoid vaccine was used in 1896 in England. At one time paratyphoid A and B antigens were included in the so-called TAB vaccine with the aim of protecting against paratyphoid fevers. These two components were subsequently eliminated when it was realized that they were not sufficiently immunogenic at doses which could be tolerated.