In Germany , there is no national curriculum. Curriculum vary by state or locality. An apprentice must have strong basic language skills, literacy, and math skills. Typically students do not need remediation. In Greece , difference between vocational technical education is in subject area, not level.
Vocational education means business, paramedical craft fields, agri., etc.
In Japan , curriculum includes instruction in the adaptation to changing social realities and instruction in creative solution to difficulties. Japan is also attempting to define, internationally transferable skills. There was no evidence of student rotation in key employment position during training in the literature. Assessment in most trades is based on cumulative knowledge and skills gained over a time period. Use of a project approach is preferred to testing in the final certification process.