Dissonance, Staging, Uniformity, Concilience of induction. Hiding behind these terms are very simple ideas. Dissonance is the fancy name for noticing weird little oddities that tell us something about history. This is simply an artifact of the history of colonization of the Americas. Dissonance in biology is often a reflection of the contingent nature of evolution .
Uniformity can mean several things .
Conscilience is a fancy name for the simple idea that something is more likely to be correct if many different lines of evidence all suggest that it is true. A biological example can be found in the tale of Serial Endosymbiosis. It is not easy to set up a good experiment. Humans tend to set up tests that will confirm their existing ideas rather than trying to falsify them. The recognition of Serial Endosymbiosis.