Mortensen PB, Pedersen CB, Westergaard T, et al. Effects of family history and place and season of birth on the risk of schizophrenia. These conclusions were reached by studying data from the Civil Registration System in Denmark. The risk of schizophrenia is associated with the degree of urbanization of the place of birth, being highest in the capital than in rural areas. Smoking and osteoporosis. Krall EA, Dawson-Hughes B. Smoking increases bone loss and decreases intestinal calcium absorption.
Smoking interferes with the absorption of calcium from the intestines.
This may explain the higher prevalence of low bone mineral density and osteoporosis among smokers than non-smokers. Smoking may also accelerate the rate of bone loss especially from the femoral neck. These conclusions were reached by studying the bone mineral density and calcium absorption of 32 smokers and 370 controls over a 3-year period. Influenza vaccination and morbidity and mortality in older people with chronic lung diseases. Nichol KL, Baken L, Nelson A. Relation between influenza vaccination and outpatient visits, hospitalization, and mortality in elderly persons with chronic lung disease.