Now you know about the fossil evidence and sedimentological evidence. Fossils can tell you where you are in geological time and they can tell you where you are in the environment. Probably in the middle to late Cambrian is a shallow marine setting.
Sediments are another line of evidence about the paleoenvironment.
It sounds like you are at the base of a submerged volcanic peak that has a carbonate platform on top of it. The oversteepened slopes on the sides of the mountain occasionally send turbidites down into the adjacent basin, where your rocks are deposited. You have all the basic information now. You know the basic fossil groups. You know how to identify sedimentary rocks based on mineralogy, texture and grain size and shape.