The virus persists in the throat for approximately one week after the onset of illness and is excreted in the feces for several weeks or, occasionally months. There are three types of polio virus. Lifelong immunity usually depends on which type of virus a person contracts. Second attacks are rare and result from infection with a polio virus of a different type than the first attack. There is presently no cure for polio.
Treatment involves supportive care.
Paralysis of the muscles of respiration and swallowing can be fatal. The American Academy of Pediatrics and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommend that TOPV be given at two, four and 15 months of age and between four and six years of age. Maintaining high levels of polio immunization in the community is the single most effective preventive measure.