These were designed to be identical to real-world applications. Design A 2x2x3x3 mixed factorial design will be used. There are two between-subject variables, data manipulation location and data viewing location, with two levels each, proximate and distal. The two remaining independent variables are within-subject variables. These are tasks and tools.
Tools also has three levels.
For the crossword puzzle and URL tasks, the tools are virtual keyboard with trackball, virtual keyboard with stylus pen, and voice. For the web page viewing task, the levels are video only, text only, and text plus video. Our dependent variables include completion time for each task, input accuracy, and participant preference for data viewing and manipulation location. Participant age and gender will also be recorded. Results of the manipulation will be shown on the hand-held display.