Reasoning remains deductive in nature. However, these generalizations need not be considered as subject-specific. They can be applied to all disciplines being taught to students in our schools. Students are perfectly capable of memorizing formulas. However, their ability to apply standard formulas is not present when in a situation outside of those demonstrated in the classroom.
Students are typically incapable of integrating memorized concepts into different contexts.
The framework of relating concepts is absent in the rote memorization of facts, formulas, and theories. Memorized axioms do not mesh together to create a conceptual framework of knowledge that leads to application of the framework in different contexts. Problem-solving skills are not present. Students may find it difficult to absorb and apply concepts as they are being taught in a traditional classroom. Quantitative performance may not always indicate that students have failed to grasp concepts because quantitative performances are generally required in known, or previously encountered, contexts.