Facilities include dam, spillway, intake and outlet works and other structures, fish passage facilities, and access roads. Operations affected by fishery needs, whether requirements for direct releases or constraints on diversions for offstream projects.
Smaller projects are questionable.
These costs include mitigation, engineering design and contingencies. Up to 10 years needed for environmental review and to obtain permits. 1-2 years for final design. 2-4 years for construction, depending on project size and site. Recreational and aesthetic benefits due to year-round flow.