Survivors typically benefit from both talking about their disaster experiences and being assisted with problem-solving and referral to resources. Rapport refers to the feelings of interest and understanding that develop when genuine concern is shown. Conveying respect and being nonjudgmental are necessary ingredients for building rapport.
Silence can prompt the survivor to elaborate.
When the worker repeats portions of what the survivor has said, understanding, interest, and empathy are conveyed. Paraphrasing also checks for accuracy, clarifies misunderstandings, and lets the survivor know that he or she is being heard. The worker may notice that the survivor's tone of voice or nonverbal gestures suggests anger, sadness, or fear. This helps the survivor identify and articulate his or her emotions. Workers should stay relaxed, breathe, and let the survivor know that it is OK to feel.