The skilled and the educated are equally affected and the stigma of the disease hinders a national response in Africa. Piot believes AIDS could become the first nonconventional threat to the world's security, as it currently threatens the schools of Zambia. Political leadership against AIDS has been slow to form as life expectancy though Africa has been dramatically reduced. During the last year, leaders from nations around the world have turned to confront the epidemic. The Millennium Report of the Secretary General calls for seriously affected nations to have a plan of action by September 2001.
Unconventional solutions are necessary to fight ethical and economic issues facing the sick.
Increased access to antiretrovirals will help care for those in poor societies. The developing world of Africa and Asia is also responsible for facing their epidemics with budget allocations and plans for reducing the stigma and shame and increasing prevention efforts. Needle exchanges can help reduce HIV infection, and sex education is needed for children in school.