There are numerous direct and indirect methods for learning the sequence of DNA or proteins, or detecting genetic variation in them. Has a high error rate, so many replications are required to establish an accurate melting point for each pair of species. This is obviously a very low resolution approach. Radioactive probes may also be hybridized to chromosomes to detect polymorphisms, and localize DNA fragments. The proteins are identified by antibody or radioactive probes.
Smaller proteins run through the gel matrix faster than larger proteins.
The conformation of proteins also affects its mobility in the gel. Protein Electrophoresis nondenatured proteins with different net charge migrate at different rates through starch or acrylamide gels to which an electric current has been applied. It is necessary for the stain to identify just the specific enzyme or protein among then many thousands in the extract. Pouring a Gel Protein Electrophoresis Ex. Digesting DNA with restriction endonucleases is another method of detecting polymorphisms.