Benzodiazepines reduce spasticity through their action on the central nervous system . Both short and long-acting benzodiazepines are used for spasticity management in adults and children. Diazepam is the most commonly used. The benefits of benzodiazepines may include improved passive range of motion , less muscle overactivity and fewer painful spasms, as well as general relaxation. Benzodiazepines are often preferred for use at night, since drowsiness is a common side effect .
Some patients also experience unsteadiness and loss of strength.
Additional effects may include low blood pressure, gastrointestinal symptoms, memory impairment, confusion, and behavioral problems. Benzodiazepines may be addictive and cause withdrawal symptoms if stopped too quickly. They should not be taken in combination with alcohol or other central nervous system depressants. Like the benzodiazepines, baclofen works through the central nervous system to reduce spasticity. Its benefits include decreased stretch reflexes , improved passive range of motion, and reduced muscle spasms, pain, and tightness.