What buyers get for their money is largely determined by dose. This dual action is tied to changes in brain chemistry. Like amphetamine, both MDA and MDMA boost levels of norepinephrine, a chemical that regulates alertness and heart rate. And like mescaline, both drugs also increase the supply of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that figures into a variety of physical and emotional states. Effects begin within 30 minutes and last 4-6 hours.
Side effects can include dilated pupils, dry mouth and throat, nervousness, and muscular tension.
That fact, along with reports of MDMA's ability to enhance empathy and communication, prompted early researchers to test the drug as a possible tool in treating depression and other emotional problems. Before the DEA halted such research altogether, a number of U.S. psychotherapists reported favorable results with MDMA as an adjunct to therapy, in helping patients resolve painful emotional blocks. Since MDA and MDMA are amphetamines, tolerance develops quickly and overdose is possible. Other speed-like dangers include the risk of liver damage and plain old exhaustion. The drugs can also intensify heart problems.