Diagnosis can be confirmed by temporal artery biopsy, which shows giant cells in the internal elastic lamina, but the biopsy may be normal. Treatment is with high dose corticosteroids. Behcet's disease is a systemic vasculitis of unknown cause with a typical geographical distribution in Turkey, Iran, and Japan. Oral and genital ulcers as well as uveitis and cutaneous lesions are characteristic. Other manifestations include a self limiting arthritis, gastrointestinal symptoms, pulmonary, and renal and cerebral lesions.
Treatment is with immunosuppression.
There is correlation between ANCA titres and disease activity. It responds well to treatment with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids. Churg-Strauss syndrome is characterised by eosinophilic infiltration of the lungs, peripheral nerves, and skin. It responds well to corticosteroids. It occurs after upper respiratory tract infection.