So, even if we could eliminate all individual sources of error, integration errors are highly likely. Compared to conventional systems, object-oriented systems have more components which must be integrated earlier in development. Since there are elements of a system that are not present until the code has been loaded into the target machine and exercised, there is no way that all faults could be removed by class or class-cluster testing alone, even if every method was subjected to a formal proof of correctness. Static methods cannot reveal interaction errors with the target or transient performance problems in hard real-time systems. Testing is inconsistent with a commitment to quality.
Testing assumes faults have escaped the design and programming process.
This assumption is really just an excuse for sloppy development. All bugs are due to errors that could be avoided if different developer behavior could be induced. When testing is correctly interleaved with development, it adds considerable value to the entire development process. The necessity of testing is not an indictment of anything more than the difficulty of building large systems. Test tools are an unnecessary luxury since all we need are a few good pokes.