The latter is what both Socrates and Plato majored in. Isocrates, on the other hand, majored in the doctrine that all educational values necessarily and essentially derive from specific political doctrines. In this hugely important respect, Isocrates has won. Socrates' support for autonomy of education from political control has been reduced to the margin in over 2,000 years of history. Down the mainstream of educational thought comes rhetoric instead, conceived as a way of carving up the world in such a fashion as to serve political contest and the overwhelming aim of competition and winning.
Thought is made to serve politics.
I have long held these unpopular views. Like Plato in his Republic, rather than have the soul constructed according to dictates of the state, he wants the state to mirror the soul. He wants education to be a fundamentally human enterprise, driven by the best reason can search out and know, not a rhetorically driven creature of politics. This exceptional article bears many more riches. Read and ponder.