Care should be exercised when applying repellents to keep them out of eyes, mouth, and nose. Repellents applied to clothing has a long-lasting effect. Jackets impregnated with repellents are available commercially. Because repellents may be toxic to animals, humans, birds and fish, always read the instructions on the container before using repellents. Cattle Shelters, that provide dark conditions into which black flies will not fly are effective in providing relief to cattle from attack.
Structures consisting of three solid walls and a roof are usually adequate.
Cattle learn quickly to use the shelters. Self-application devices for repellents and insecticides can be installed to treat cattle as they enter or leave the shelter. Insecticide treatments must cover most of the animal's body to be effective. Only those repellents and insecticides specifically recommended for black flies should be used and the label instructions should be followed carefully. Restrictions on use before slaughter or freshening must be followed.