Study who have provided plasma to the associated specimen bank and have given informed consent for its use. The proposed study will be limited to those patients with at least one year of follow-up. The primary outcome will be time form the first use of a permanent vascular access to any vascular access complication. The primary risk factor to be analyzed is plasma fibrinogen level. Survival analysis techniques will be used to compare the complication-free survival of patients with varying plasma fibrinogen levels controlling for possible confounding factors such as age, race, sex, and access type.
Studies show that lead affects multiples systems and functions in the human body.
Its adverse effects on heme production and nervous functions could be particularly serious in young children because of their developmental vulnerability. Lead also competes for absorption with several micronutrients, including iron and zinc, and thus, these deficiencies often amplify or accompany lead toxicity. Lead toxicity, as well, as iron and zinc deficiencies have been implicated in decreased cognitive capacities but micronutrient supplementation has been shown to improve the cognitive status of children. Therefore, prevention and treatment of lead toxicity is an important public health issue, and because iron and zinc are routinely used as to treat micronutrient deficiencies, their usefulness in prevention and treatment of lead toxicity should be examined. Our goal is to reduce blood lead concentrations in Mexican schoolers through a 6-month micronutrient supplementation and improve their cognitive status.