This section aims to address part of the 'where you are going' problem. If you want to find related material then check out the Map and Compass sections of Scouting. There are many methods of direction finding, perhaps the most commonly known being the magnetic compass. It is above the Equator on 21 March and 21 September. Indeed there is a seasonal variation.
Shadows can be a guide to both direction and time of day.
Join the two and you have the directions of east and west. The first mark is west. North-South will be at right angles to this line. This method works at any time of the day when there is sunshine and at any latitude. Draw a clean arc at exactly this distance from the stick, using the stick as a centre point.