Chemicals and enzymes produced by the bacteria in plaque inflame the gum tissue. The gums swell and become tender. If you have diabetes, you should check the health of your gums regularly. Diabetes reduces the healing capability of the body, including gum tissue. It is as hard as limestone and forms in layers, eventually separating the tooth structure from its attachments to bone and gum tissue.
Treatment begins with a professional cleaning.
The dental hygienist will remove all tartar and plaque from the enamel and root surfaces of the teeth. Enamel is the outer layer of the chewing surfaces of a tooth. In addition, the dentist or hygienist will teach you the best techniques for brushing and flossing. This may include use of specially shaped wire brushes or rubber tips to clean between teeth and stimulate circulation in gum tissue. After the tartar and plaque are removed and the tooth and root surfaces are clean, the tissue can heal.