The cumulative progress indicators for grade 4 appear below in boldface type. Each indicator is followed by activities which illustrate how it can be addressed in the classroom in kindergarten and grades 1 and 2. Explore spatial relationships such as the direction, orientation, and perspectives of objects in space, their relative shapes and sizes, and the relations between objects and their shadows or projections. Blindfolded students are given real objects to touch and then, with the blindfolds removed, select the objects from a collection of visible objects. They discuss the size of the different dinosaurs and arrange them from smallest to largest.
Students compare the sequence of objects seen from different points of view.
For example, from the classroom window, the swings are to the left of the monkeybars, but the relationship is reversed if the objects are viewed from the blacktop facing the classroom. Students predict and draw what the shadow of an object placed between a light and a screen will look like. Explore relationships among shapes, such as congruence, symmetry, similarity, and self-similarity. Students explore symmetry by using mirrors with pattern blocks or by folding paper or by making inkblot designs. Students find the lines of symmetry in the letters of the alphabet and in numerals.