Unfortunately, sharecroppers who have little incentive to increase production have kept agricultural output low. In an attempt to reduce the number of sharecroppers, the government introduced land reforms and progressive taxes. During the 1960's and 70's, dramatic increases in wheat production were made possible by the use of improved irrigation techniques and fertilizers. These increases enabled Pakistan to become agriculturally self-sufficient. Yet, there are still occasional shortages of staple items.
Wheat is the chief staple crop, and sugarcane is widely grown.
Rice and cotton serve as the major export crops. Most of the farmers also raise livestock such as goats, sheep, cattle, buffalo, and camels. However, the production of meat and milk remains low due to inadequate feed and poor management. The Hindko typically live in large extended family units. Family organization is strongly patriarchal, or male dominated.