The same series, under different names but exhibiting substantially the same features, appears throughout the advanced world, and it includes the very large group of non-political people as one of its terms. These sets of ideas govern political behaviour but operate mainly below the level of awareness, people rarely knowing clearly what their own set comprises. The sets have become known as the ideologies of the movements, but it is not only in politics that the set of assumptions, the ideology, governs behaviour. It does so every time we act with purpose, in whatever field. We all enter adult life with the same ideology.
Some people go on to develop another.
Some of these go on to develop a third ideology, some of those yet another, and so on, the previous ideology being retained in each case and continuing to influence behaviour although under repression. The primal ideology, that of the non-political people, inclines its adherents rather away from work than towards it. Each ideology beyond that inclines its adherents towards a particular complex of activities, one complex including government, agriculture, traditional education, production and institutional religion, another including the hard sciences, accountancy, logic and nonconformist religion. The major ideologies have emerged in the course of social development. For much the greater part of the time humanity has existed the only mode of life was that of the hunter-gatherers, and this expressed the primal ideology.