It seems that the genes for processing and utilizing sulfur in the body are not functioning properly. While some individuals with trichothiodystrophy have photosensitivity, like people with xeroderma pigmentosum, not all do. Most likely there are several gene defects that can lead to the development of trichothiodystrophy. There is no form of gene therapy available now or in the foreseeable future for trichothiodystrophy. Treatment usually involves preventative measures, avoiding excessive hair styling and exposure to light.
Some dermatologists also attempt to use cysteine amino acid supplementation in the diet.
Am J Hum Genet. Peter C, Tomczok J, Hoting E, Behrendt H. Trichothiodystrophy without associated neuroectodermal defects. Br J Dermatol. Alfandari S, Delaporte E, van Neste D, Lucidarme-Delespierre E, Piette F, Bergoend H. A new case of isolated trichothiodystrophy. Clin Exp Dermatol.