Zymomonas on Tyvek fiber removes lead from wastewater in two seconds. Some people think all bacteria are poisonous, but in Brazil scientists have found it to be therapeutic. Several large cities are over the limit for lead in drinking water. Other metals can be removed also. Calcium magnesium acetate, a non-corrosive road deicer is made with cells on rotating fibers.
Salt causes millions of dollars damage to roads and bridges.
Inexpensive raw material such as cheese whey and corn steep liquor can be used. When a rotary biological contactor is run half full and a light shone in the top, the light hits a thin moving film. In other photo reactors, colored solution blocks the light. Light can degrade chlorine compounds and produce hydrogen, a non-polluting fuel. Rapid increase of carbon dioxide threatens the very existence of mankind.