In men, exposure to lead can reduce both sex drive and sperm count. Exposure to pesticides can also reduce sperm count. Those who work in occupations such as farming, factory work, mining or the semiconductor industry may be more likely to come into contact with toxic products. Exposure to toxins may also come from contaminated air, water, or food supply. In women, both smoking and heavy alcohol use are associated with lower rates of conception and increased rates of miscarriage.
Smoking also appears to increase slightly the risk of placenta previa .
Smoking and alcohol use both negatively affect the developing fetus and may result in low birth weight. Because of their lubricating quality, some of these products may mistakenly be used by couples trying to conceive. Ovarian, cervical, or uterine surgery, even for benign processes, may cause difficulties with ovulation or conception, and may cause miscarriage. If you are planning surgery, discuss the procedure with your doctor beforehand, and share your future fertility intentions. Such exposure can be occupational, accidental, or related to medical therapy.