Bacterial infection of the larynx region can occur. They are due to chronic vocal abuse. Vocal nodules usually come in pairs that arise symmetrically from each vocal fold. These nodules usually do not require any specific treatment, because they go away after puberty. Speech therapy to modify the abusive vocal patterns may be helpful.
Vocal polyps are benign fleshy growths on the vocal folds that require surgical removal.
They are usually found only on one vocal fold. Nasal steroids and antihistamines are helpful to control the underlying aggravating condition. Gastroesophageal reflux disease can cause inflammation of the larynx, swelling of the vocal folds, and hoarseness. The irritant effect of stomach acid on the vocal tissues is thought to aggravate the formation of vocal nodules as well. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis may cause hoarseness by affecting the larynx directly.