Social studies teaching and learning integrate across the curriculum. Social studies teaching and learning are powerful when they are value-based. Powerful social studies teaching considers the ethical dimensions of topics and addresses controversial issues, providing an arena for reflective development of concern for the common good and application of social values. Students are made aware of potential social policy implications and taught to think critically and make value-based decisions about related social issues. Powerful social studies teaching encourages recognition of opposing points of view, respect for well-supported positions, sensitivity to cultural similarities and differences, and a commitment to social responsibility.
Social studies teaching and learning are powerful when they are challenging.
Students are expected to strive to accomplish the instructional goals, both as individuals and as group members. Teachers model seriousness of purpose and a thoughtful approach to inquiry and use instructional strategies designed to elicit and support similar qualities from students. Teachers show interest in and respect for students' thinking, but demand well-reasoned arguments rather than opinions voiced without adequate thought or commitment. Social studies teaching and learning are powerful when they are active. Active social studies teaching requires reflective thinking and decision-making as events unfold during instruction.