Testing as the primary means of assessing results of the learning process. Other modes include process portfolios, exhibitions, performances, etc. Instruction is set up to generate better and better questions, followed by student inquiry into some of the areas of those questions. Student performances demonstrate improve understanding of the nature of the questions and some of the ways they might be solved. Teachers are expected to know everything about their subjects.
Teachers are experts in their field.
But more importantly, they are the most enthusiastic and dedicated learners in the classroom. Students learn from teachers, other students, the community and other sources, and incorporate these learnings into their lives, applying their insights as appropriate to real-life challenges. Parents are outsiders, often made to feel unwelcome, even if unintentionally. Parents as partners, suppliers, and customers. They are an integral part of the student's progress from the very beginning through the end of the schooling process.