The direction of g is towards the center of Earth. Projectile motion is always a parabola, because there is only a vertical force. The vertical speed changes due to gravity, but the horizontal speed is constant. There exists an attractive interaction between any two material bodies in the universe. Heat and Energy Temperature is different than heat and thermal energy.
Temperature is what thermometers measure.
It is an indication of the internal kinetic energy of the object. The kelvin scale uses 0 K as the absolute zero temperature. We measure energy in the SI unit of joules. In more common use is calories. Specific heat capacity refers to the ability of a substance to store thermal energy.