While listening to the heart two sounds are made as the valves close with contraction The first sound or S l is due to the AV valves closing and the second or S 2 is due to the closing of the pulmonary and aortic valves. The cardiac output per minute is equal to how fast the heart is beating and the amount or volume of blood that is pumped out of the heart with each beat. Arteries carry oxygenated blood to the capillaries where the oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide. The heart beat can be felt over the larger arteries. Arteries used to check the pulse are the carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, and popliteal Blood Pressure - Check blood pressure in both arms.
Sclerosis means hardening, and the arteries become hardened and blocked.
The patient has great anxiety due to a fear of death. The diagnosis of angina is strongly supported if sublingual nitroglycerin gives relief acts in 1 to 2 minutes. If pain is not relieved after 3 to 4 tablets or the pain lasts more then 20 minutes consider myocardial infarction. Severe crushing chest pain radiating into the left shoulder, sweating, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, with pain lasting more than 30 minutes. Dizziness, and pallar.