The mouse may be man's best friend. Its immune system not only is the best understood of all species, but most closely mirrors the human immune process. This article examines other models that are contributing to this knowledge.
T cells are generals, directing the battle.
They produce cytokines, powerful chemicals that transmit orders to other inflammatory cells. These include B cells, artillery commanders programmed to destroy specific antigens, and ground troops, such as macrophages. In a healthy intestine, the army obliterates the invader, then withdraws quickly. Mouse models can help scientists pinpoint how and where this complex chain of command breaks down. Later, these mice can be used to develop therapies that halt inflammation.