Textbooks are often co-authored.
If one or more of the co-authors are not UOS employees, the copyright will be jointly held. If federal copyright law or funding grant terms do not require otherwise, copyright ownership for each of the joint owners will be determined by their respective employing institutions. Research reports are often related to University contracts with government agencies or private-sector entities or research sponsors. In such cases, whoever owns the copyright under federal law may have a contractual obligation to assign it to someone else. Absent a specific commitment to a funding agency or contractor, the Board will probably own the copyright under the Work for Hire doctrine.