The authors discuss in a chronological sequence the scientific, organization and technical measures which should be taken in the development of theory, methods and facilities for the diagnostics of the state of structures, ensuring their operational safety. The extent and regularity of vibration examination of pumps is determined. Diagnostics of GPA pumps is carried out by spectral and harmonic analysis of vibration signals, written at the reference points of an aggregate. The authors propose a procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity of a structure on the basis of microhardness values on the surface of the metal being examined. The procedure and results of experimental studies of bending, radial and mixed vibrations of bimorphous piezoelectric ceramic plates are described.
Special attention is given to examination of bending vibrations.
The results are in excellent agreement with theoretical data. Ways of reducing the extent of signal absorption in the acoustic circuit when using the 'negative absorption' effect are proposed. Reduction of absorption of sound, ultrasound and electromagnetic waves utilising the conducting properties of plasma and superconductors makes it only possible to solve many problems of NDT and diagnostics but also overcome the negative screening effect of plasma and superconductors for widening the possibilities of communication means. The authors present the results of industrial application of the electromagnetic method of inspection and the feasibility of applying the second direction of diagnostics of pipelines - determination of the stress state. The results were applied in testing more than 24 large objects with excellent results.