This does not seem to happen. However, some people do find father substitutes. Bear in mind that the people I have been discussing are not agnostics or casual atheists, but people who have very strongly rejected God. In addition to their negative paternal relationships there may be other factors involved. There is, as well, some evidence that birth order affects religiosity.
Younger siblings tend to be more rebellious.
In contrast to such strong atheists, people who are ambivalent toward their fathers are more likely to seek a substitute religion, possibly a New Age religiosity. Some have suggested that cults fill the need for a substitute father. No, because I have tried to focus on intense atheists. Such people may look for substitutes. For example, C.S. Lewis, an atheist for years, found a substitute father in the novelist and minister George MacDonald.