Although most turtle pathogens are not transmissible to humans, some, like Salmonella, are. It is therefore a good idea to wash your hands with an anti-bacterial soap each time after handling a turtle or its fecal pellets. Another potential problem, fibrous osteodystrophy, is typically evidenced by a soft shell, usually caused by malnutrition resulting from lack of a proper calcium to phosphorus ratio, sunlight, or both. This condition can be prevented by offering the proper diet and enough sunlight to turtles. Corrective measures for this condition include provision of the recommended diet and daily exposure to full-spectrum ultraviolet light.
Turtles sometimes suffer physical injury resulting in cracks or fractures in the shell.
Such problems can be treated at home unless the crack is severe. Consult a veterinarian to determine whether professional assistance is necessary. Place the turtle in a box lined with clean rags or paper towels. Within a few days, it is usually safe to offer food and gradually reintroduce the turtle to its regular enclosure. It will take many months for the shell to heal, so the turtle should by handled as little as possible during this time.