The coastal brown or big headed ant, Pheidole megacephala , is a small ant 1.5 to 2.5 mm long. The colour of the ant varies from light yellowish brown to dark brown. Coastal brown ants travel in trails from the nest to food. The ant has four castes or body forms. The largest form is the queen, which lays eggs.
Unfertilised eggs produce males and fertilised eggs produce females.
There are many queens in coastal brown ant nests. Males are the next largest form and are elongated in shape. By far the most numerous forms are the workers. Workers are sterile females who care for the young, collect food, build and defend the nest. There are two worker castes, a more numerous form with a small head and the other less numerous with a large head.