The area is between the High Plains and the Cross Timbers and Prairies in the northern part of the state. It is a nearly level to rolling plain having moderate to rapid surface drainage. Soils of the uplands are pale brown to reddish brown to dark grayish brown, neutral to calcareous sandy loams, clay loams, and clays.
Saline soils are common, as are shallow and stony soils with pockets of deep sand.
Bottomlands have only minor areas of reddish brown, loamy to clayey, calcareous alluvial soils. Western ragweed and annual broomweed are common invaders. Dense stands of these species can be found throughout the Rolling Plains on overgrazed rangeland and abandoned cropland. More than 75 percent of the area is rangeland, but dryland and irrigated sorghum, small grain, cotton, and forages are important crops. Livestock production, the major enterprises being cow-calf and yearling operations, includes use of rangeland forage, crop residue, and winter cereals.