Wolves prey chiefly on larger hooved mammals such as deer, elk, moose, caribou, bison, and mountain she ep. The hunting of such prey requires a group effort in which the pack participates. Studies of wolf p redation on moose show that only a small percentage of their attacks are successful. In areas where dee r are a principal prey, it has been estimated that the average predation rate is about one deer per wolf every eighteen days. Pups sooty black with dirty gray on head.
Wolves usually mate for life.
Breeding first occurs during the second or third year. Gestation is app roximately two months. Young are born in March and early April. They are reared in a den which may be on a bluff or slope among rocks or in an enlarged badger hole. Some are several feet in length.