Methods to help enable meaningful psychotherapeutic encounters with Orthodox Jewish patients that will be of benefit to both patient and therapist are suggested. Various considerations regarding each of these ethical dilemmas are discussed. M.D. T he psychotherapeutic encounter may be experienced as threatening for severely traumatized patients because of fear of re-experiencing and retraumatization. This puts a focus on how different aspects of the transference and psychotherapeutic situation address different aspects of the patient's pathology. The discussion uses clinical material from psychotherapies with traumatized refugees.
Vignettes illuminate the problems.
Ph.D. T his article describes therapeutic approaches to problems of meaninglessness that beset many clients. This symptomatology had approximately a year of evolution and was increasing. The diagnosis was atypical psychosis. The quick recovery with psychoanalysis suggested the question of whether the psychosis was not just a disguise of hysteria. M.D. T his paper offers the novice psychotherapist a general orientation to the experience and problems of conducting individual psychotherapy.