However, as noted above, most of them function as charity groups. By 1983, they did begin to publish journals for woman, hold meetings, and conduct petition campaigns. Some newer associations, however, show promise, especially Ka- der which aims to support female candidates in national politics with financial and educational assistance. In the 1990s Turkish women seems to participate in politics more actively than before. This may attributed to rapid modernization and eradication of the patriarchal, traditional social structure.
Women are more active in local than national politics.
In civil service, occupation and career opportunities are improved but still unequal. Bankasi Kultur Yayinlari, Ankara, 1982.