Immanuel Kant On Perpetual Peace . Coincides with Peace of Basel 5 April 1975 between France and Prussia. In Arthur F. Holmes, ed., War and Christian Ethics , GRapids Baker 1975, pp 274-283. Another translation by Ted Humphrey, Cambridge, Hackett Publishing, 1983. Internal constitution of each member nation should be republican.
States join voluntarily.
A bicameral parliament of all Europe. Not the same as the Quadruple Alliance which came out of the Vienna settlement. USA refused to join the alliance because the other parties were not democracies. William Ladd, Essay on a Congress of Nations , for the adjustment of International Disputes without Resort to Arms. Separates diplomatic and judicial branches.