CT scans are more detailed than general x-rays. Ultrasounds are used to view internal organs as they function, and to assess blood flow through various vessels. These are used to detect tumors and bone abnormalities. Diagnosis of germ cell tumors depends on the types of cells involved. Teratomas can be malignant or benign, depending on the maturity and other types of cells that may be involved.
Teratomas are the most common germ cell tumor found in the ovaries.
Among children, germinoma, or dysgerminoma, occurs most frequently in the ovary of a pre-pubescent or adolescent female. Dysgerminoma is the most common malignant ovarian germ cell tumor seen in children and adolescents. When found in the ovaries and testes, they are often very aggressive, malignant, and can spread rapidly through the lymphatic system and other organs in the body. Yolk sac tumors are the most common malignant testicular and ovarian tumors in children. Most yolk sac tumors will require surgery and chemotherapy, regardless of stage or presence of metastasis, because of the aggressive nature and recurrence of the disease.