Both the amounts and the concentrations of the drugs and their metabolism are studied. The term has essentially the same meaning as toxicokinetics but the latter term should be restricted to the study of substances other than drugs. These approaches allow clinicians to predict the risk of disease based on genetic testing, whether a particular therapy will be effective in a particular patient, the risk of an adverse effect, and the risk that a disease will progress in a particular manner. The technologies underlying these new approaches will change drug discovery and development, clinical trials, and diagnosis and treatment of disease. A biomarker intended to substitute for a clinical endpoint.
Surrogate endpoints are a subset of biomarkers.
While all surrogate endpoints are biomarkers, it is likely that only a few single biomarkers will be considered for use as surrogate endpoints. Toxic substances produce changes that express, or turn on and off, genes, the center scientists said, and the chips and the accompanying computer support used to read the slides, take advantage of that linkage. The effects of chemical exposure on populations. Assumes that gene expression must be altered during toxicity. The transcription profile seen after treatment with a specific toxin is considered a signature for that agent.