Molten color is usually applied with a bristle brush or palette knife, along with the assistance of the above-mentioned heating apparatus. This action is continued until the entire surface has fused into a singular field that has a uniformly dull, semigloss appearance. Colors will run if overheated, so keep the lamp height and speed consistent. Once cooled, the surface of the congealed colors can be dented with a fingernail or even scratched, just as oil can. By adjusting the resin mix in the waxy medium, pigment hardness can be increased.
Some painters add carnauba wax as a hardener or microcrystalline wax as a plasticizer.
Cleanup is easily performed by heating the apparatus and then wiping off residual pigment with a cloth. Other pigments are prone to potential decay, but encaustic pigment is basically permanent, has a unique thermoplastic flow, and offers a wide range of visual expression. Encaustic painting translates well into learned painting styles and requires minor expense in special equipment. For the experience, look, and permanence of the paintings that can be produced, it is well worth looking into this ancient, yet still-contemporary, art form.