The Pap test is part of the routine gynecological exam and is quick and painless. During the exam, some cell samples are obtained from the cervix. A small wooden spatula and a tiny soft-bristled brush are used to collect cells, which are smeared onto a glass slide. The slide is then sent to a laboratory, where specially trained technicians examine the slide under a microscope. An abnormal Pap test does not always mean you have cancer.
Special terminology is used to describe the degree of abnormal cells.
A new system of reporting has been developed that will ensure more consistent descriptions of the cells. The presence of an infection such as yeast, trichomonas, chlamydia or gonorrhea may cause cervical cells to appear inflamed and, therefore, abnormal. After the infection is treated, the Pap test will usually return to normal. Inflammation without infection does not require treatment. If these changes persist, colposcopy may be recommended.