Evidence about the connection between stress and vitamin depletion pertains mostly to physical stress from surgery, burns, or fever, not psychological stress. Supplements made without sugar or starch offer no advantages. Taking beta-carotene is better than taking vitamin A, which is described on labels as palmitate, acetate, or fish oil. Beta-carotene, from which the body makes vitamin A, acts as an antioxidant and is safer than vitamin A. If taken for several months in doses greater than 25,000 IUs per day, vitamin A can be toxic. Taking a supplement with or after meals optimizes absorption.
Vitamins tend to work together with other nutrients.
Many active people are already getting abundant vitamins from fortified foods such as breakfast cereals, energy bars, sports drinks, and snack foods. If you don't know whether you're getting adequate vitamins in your food, consult with a registered dietitian who specializes in sports nutrition. He or she can evaluate your diet and teach you how to optimize your food intake. Investing in personalized nutrition education is better than buying myriad mysterious pills. You, your physician, and your nutritionist need to work together to discuss nutrition concerns.