Whole industries can and are effected by these tectonic shifts. Labour Mobility Labour mobility is intentionally encouraged, the world over. Economic unions and trade pacts include social or labour chapters. As companies go multinational, as production processes become global, as services and goods are exported and imported within a rising tide of international trade, as international brands develop the biggest restructuring of labour markets is taking place across the globe in rich and poor countries alike. Consider the clear erosion of the power of the trade unions or the cheap labour available in Central and Eastern Europe and in parts of Southeast Asia.
School dropouts form a large part of the structural unemployment in many countries.
In countries which are in the process of shifting from one economic system to another, even those with the right formal education are made redundant and useless by the new paradigm. Think about a professor of economy who studied and taught Marxist economy from the wrong textbooks he is quite useless in a capitalist market economy and might find himself unemployed despite his high education. The last, benign, type of unemployment is the cyclical one. This is considered to be an unavoidable side effect of market economy. What is left is really the full employment rate.