This matrix may protrude from the surface of small roots or may be entirely within the gall. Eggs hatch in about 7 days. The entire life cycle is completed in 20-25 days at 70F. Males are vermiform. Males are not required in reproduction. Symptoms-Pathogenicity Reduced root systems and galling.
Severe infections cause wilting of the foliage and the plants require more frequent irrigations.
Management Preplant nematicides. Postplant nematicides on some perennials. Some resistant or immune varieties and rootstocks are available in tomato, bean, sweet potato, peach, almond, walnut and grape. Hot water treatment of rooted grape cuttings 125F for 5 minutes will give 100 percent control. Because of broad host range, crop rotation is frequently not feasible.