A small number of genes have been determined to have mutated in uterine myomas. Mutations in these genes may cause uterine myomas. Myomas also were discovered to contain nonrandom cytogenetic abnormalities myomas, fibroids, leiomyomata uteri, fiboid, fibroid, myoma, mioma, leiomiomata. Both submucosal and subserosal tumors may become pedunculated. Submucosal myomas frequently become ulcerated and hemorrhagic.
Uterine myomas are hyperresponsive to estradiol, and the collagen genes are regulated by estrogen.
Consequently, uterine myomas overproduce collagen, which contributes to their pale color and firmness. Many myomas are asymptomatic. When symptoms do occur, they are most often associated with the number, size, and location of the tumors. Approximately one third of women with myomas report abnormal uterine bleeding. The absolute diagnosis of uterine myomata is based on surgical removal of the tissue for pathologic analysis.