Pair bonding starts as early as October and continues through March. Mallard males leave the hen soon after mating occurs. The hen usually lays 9 -13 eggs in a nest on the ground near a body of water. After the breeding season, mallards form flocks and migrate from northern lattitudes to warmer southern areas. There they wait and feed until the breeding season starts again.
Wetlands also produce a great deal of aquatic invertebrates on which mallards feed.
The money generated by license fees pays for the management of mallard populations and is used to protect important habitats. Also, money spent on hunting equipment is a significant addition to the economy. San Diego Natural History Museum. Ibis Publishing Co. Vista, CA 1996. New York,NY 1994.