Even though there are many benign reasons for blood in urine, hematuria can indicate the presence of a serious problem. It is important to see a physician. Hematuria is evaluated by taking the patient's history, performing a physical exam, studying the urine under a microscope, and obtaining a culture of the urine. IVP uses x-rays and dye injected into the veins to look for abnormalities in the kidney and ureter. Cystoscopy passes a cystoscope up the urethra into the bladder to allow visual inspection of the bladder and urethra.
Urine cytology involves screening a urine sample for cancer cells.
Management of hematuria depends on treating its underlying cause, which will usually results in the disappearance of blood from the urine. Some forms of hematuria don't require treatment and will disappear on their own. Depending on the cause, hematuria may return, and so an annual urinalysis is recommended for people who have a history of the disorder. A blood test to check kidney function and a blood pressure check should be done as well. Men over 50 should have a yearly prostate specific antigen test to screen for prostate cancer.