Has a high error rate, so many replications are required to establish an accurate melting point for each pair of species. See which species share each particular pattern to determine the evolutionary timing of chromosomal translocations, inversions, insertions, and deletions. This is obviously a very low resolution approach. Radioactive probes may also be hybridized to chromosomes to detect polymorphisms, and localize DNA fragments. The proteins are identified by antibody or radioactive probes.
Smaller proteins run through the gel matrix faster than larger proteins.
The conformation of proteins also affects its mobility in the gel. Protein Electrophoresis Non-denatured proteins with different net charges migrate at different rates through starch or acrylamide gels to which an electric current has been applied. It is necessary for the stain to identify just the specific enzyme or protein among then many thousands in the extract. Homoplasies are a common problem. Digesting DNA with restriction endonucleases is another method of detecting polymorphisms.