These centres have as part of their mission the support of Australian academics undertaking research leave from their home universities. It is important to realize that there are TWO research-only centres in Canberra which accept applications from historians. The opportunities vary widely from country to country. Funds are available but local inquiries are probably the best way to begin. Histoire United Kingdom Major institutions in London, Oxford and Cambridge are groaning under the demands of visitors so there is not much cash.
University cities are usually scholar-friendly and generous with access to precious archives.
It is difficult for most Australians to appreciate the range, quality and wealth of US research foundations. On the other hand, US academia is a highly competitive environment and you will need to be very good to make the grade at any of the major centres.