Chlorine also increases efficiency. Use dilution test - Bacteria and disinfectant are mixed in broth. Iodine - tincture of iodine is reactive to the skin. Iodophores, such as betadine and isodine are less reactive. Oligodynamic action - antibacterial activities of heavy metals.
Surfactants reduce surface tension, makes disinfectants mor efficient.
Oxidizing agent - hydrogen perioxide. Alkaylating agents - Formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. Inactivate viruses and toxins without destroying antigenicity - used in preparing vaccines. BPL in its liquid form is uded to sterilize vaccine. Sulfites, sulfur dioxide preserve fruit and other foods.