Currently, much of the matter that makes up the universe is invisible to telescopes and space probes. The answer to these questions is linked to how much mass exists in the universe. Stars such as our sun produce enormous numbers of neutrinos at their cores. But experiments that measure the number of neutrinos passing through us each second disagree greatly with predictions made by the best theories of how the sun actually works. The three nuclear reactors at Palo Verde will provide a more reliable and intense source of neutrinos, he adds.
Scientists hope to gather data about neutrinos from the cores of the reactors.
Such data could help determine whether detectors are unable to count neutrinos accurately because the uncharged particles change form as they travel. Inside, a central detector contains some 10,000 gallons of mineral oil. The oil is laced with a fluid that emits light as radiation passes through it. The participating universities share costs for the two-year project with the Department of Energy. Additional support is provided by Arizona Public Service Corporation, which operates the Palo Verde reactors and shares facility ownership with Salt River Project and other utility companies in the Southwest.