A GIS program needs computers, software programs, and perhaps networking capabilities that allow users to gather and organize data, conduct analyses, and map and display results. Desktop technology, as well as more powerful tools, are commercially available for these purposes. The technical sophistication of the software and the processing power of the hardware you need depends on the applications you plan to use. An effective GIS program demands staff who are trained to understand the questions and problems that your organization faces, to know when spatial data analysis is appropriate, and to conduct analyses that meet your needs. In many places, public organizations share the cost and time of these specialists and technical resources.
Spatial data is shareable and reusable.
GIS applications developed in one place can often be used or modified for use elsewhere. In addition, different communities or organization can collaborate to develop new data sets that they can all use. The best way to take advantage of these benefits is to form working relationships with other organizations and to support professional communications among GIS specialists wherever they work. New York State has initiated a GIS coordinating effort that involves state, local, academic, and private sector participants. Determining the cost-benefit of an investment in GIS is an important and often difficult undertaking.