Bicipital grooves divide lateral greater tuberosities from medial lesser tuberosities and extend one-quarter down the shafts. Tendons of biceps brachiis' long heads course through bicipital grooves. Pectoralis major tendons attach on bicipital grooves' lateral lips. Latissimus dorsi tendons attach on bicipital grooves' medial lips. Teres major tendons attach medial to latissimus dorsis' tendons.
Subscapularis tendons attach to lesser tuberosities.
Supraspinatus tendons attach to greater tuberositys' superior surfaces. Humeral mid-shafts have one bony landmark, two tendon attachments and no areas from which muscles arise. Common anterior, middle and posterior deltoid tendons attach to deltoid tuberosities halfway down lateral surfaces. Coracobrachialis tendons attach halfway down medial surfaces. Humeral distal ends have seven bony landmarks, no tendon attachments and nine areas from which muscles arise.