Eating meat is the most efficient way of acquiring the energy from primary productivity directly. Primary net productivity occurs at each trophic level. All of the following are characteristics of the end of any type of succession, climax community , except for a. stability of numbers of individuals in the populations. Use the following members of a food chain of a grassland ecosystem to answer Questions 14-16 a. Nutrient cycling rate tends to be limited by decomposition b.
Some consumers feed at more than one level.
The number of organisms in top 19. Carbohydrates normally function as a. the functional unit of lipids.