In some species, the endophytic system often develops right behind the apical meristem of the host, infecting new branches as they develop and causing systemic infections. Dwarf mistletoes extract most of their carbohydrate requirements from host trees. Highest shoot production occurs under low light intensities. Seeds disperse when birds ingest berries and expel the sticky viscin-covered seeds. Seeds do not require ingestion to germinate, nor do seeds survive ingestion by all species of birds.
Shoots photosynthesize most of the carbohydrate requirement and have a high light requirement.
In addition, seed germination requires light. In landscapes and orchards, regular pruning of infected branches can control mistletoe growth and seed dispersal. Chemical growth regulators also control growth and dispersal, but do not affect the endophytic system and must be reapplied when mistletoe shoots re-grow. Removing mistletoe shoots can help prevent drought stress in host trees, but may also stimulate the endophytic system to expand and produce new shoots. In some cases, supplemental water or fertilizer and minimizing physical damage and soil compaction can improve tree vigor and longevity.