An example of an orthographic projection is the Oblique Aspect Orthographic Projection. In the Stereographic projection the perspective is a point at the opposite end of the globe. An example of a stereographic projection is the North Polar Stereographic Projection . As noted in the overview, all map projections contain some types of distortion. Such distortion may be of shape, area, distance, direction, or scale.
Some projections preserve shape and direction while distorting area.
Others maintain area but distort shape and scale. In many projections scale may vary from place to place, and in all projections distortion will increase away from the places of tangency. The types of distortions are a function of the way the projection is constructed. Most projections have been derived mathematically, thus the types of distortion are often a function of certain mathematical relationships specific to a given projection. Such properties are often indicated in the names of projections, e.g., Behrmann Cylindrical Equal Area , Lambert Conformal Conic , Albers Equal Area Conic, and Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection.