A neuromuscular examination of the arm and shoulder indicates axillary nerve dysfunction. The deltoid muscle of the shoulder may show signs of muscle atrophy . A detailed history may be needed to determine the possible cause of the neuropathy. Other tests are guided by the suspected cause of the nerve dysfunction, as suggested by the history, symptoms presented, and pattern of symptom development. They may include various blood tests, X-rays, scans, or other tests and procedures.
Treatment is aimed at identifying the cause, treating it, and maximizing mobility and independence.
In some cases, no treatment is required and recovery is spontaneous. If there is no history of trauma to the area, conservative treatment is indicated by the sudden onset of symptoms, minimal sensation changes and no difficulty in movement, and no test evidence of nerve axon degeneration. Corticosteroids injected into the area may reduce swelling and pressure on the axillary nerve in some cases. Surgical exploration may be necessary to discover that the nerve dysfunction is caused by entrapment, in which case surgical decompression of the area may be of benefit. Other medications including phenytoin, carbamazepine or tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline, may be used to reduce the stabbing pains that some people experience Whenever possible, their use should be avoided or minimized to reduce the risk of side effects.