DNA chemistry, transcription and translation. Cloning genes, transformation, transgenic organisms. Using recombinant DNA technology to produce new products in bacteria and fungi. Human insulin and growth hormone. Animals producing human products.
Transgenic sheep produce human blood coagulating protein in their milk.
Plants producing vaccines and antibodies. Hepatitis vaccine in transgenic bananas. Engineered human vaccines against viral, bacterial and parasitic pathogens. Application of biotechnology to diagnostics. RFLP and PCR technology.