Voyager's journey to the planets could not have been calculated without the mathematics of differential equations. Whenever it is said that advances are made with supercomputers, there has to be a mathematical theory which instructs the computer what is to be done, so allowing it to apply its capacity for speed and accuracy. The development of computers was initiated in this country by mathematicians and logicians, who continue to make important contributions to the theory of computer science. The next generation of software requires the latest methods from what is called category theory , a theory of mathematical structures which has given new perspectives on the foundations of mathematics and on logic. In ecology, mathematics is used when studying the laws of population change.
Statistics provides the theory and methodology for the analysis of wide varieties of data.
Statistics is also essential in medicine, for analysing data on the causes of illness and on the utility of new drugs. . Travel by aeroplane would not be possible without the mathematics of airflow and of control systems. Body scanners are the expression of subtle mathematics, discovered in the 19th century, which makes it possible to construct an image of the inside of an object from information on a number of single X-ray views of it. Thus mathematics is often involved in matters of life and death. These features allow mathematics to provide a solid foundation to many aspects of daily life, and to give a comprehension of the complexities inherent in apparently quite simple situations.