They rarely enter parenteral tissues. Shigellosis is self limiting and requires the replacement of fluid and electrolytes. Symptoms - Abdominal pain, fever, cramps and diarrhea. Treatment - Norfloxacin, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, quinolones, cephalosporin and ampicillin, but there are resistant strains. Organisms can grow in alkaline pH. Sero type O1 is the agent for cholera and is characterized based on biochemical reactions, enterotoxin and O antigen.
Transmission is by ingestion of contaminated water and uncooked food, especially fish.
Symptoms - Vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Organisms do not spread beyond the GI tract. Cholera is self limiting with the replacement of fluids and electrolytes. However, antibiotics help to reduce diarrhea and prevent shedding. Treatment - Tetracyclines, chloramphenicol and aminoglycosides.