Sufferers should stop doing what causes the pain. Treatment includes rest of the limb, massage and analgesics, both systemic and topical. Alternative treatment includes acupuncture and osteopathy. All patients should be referred. They are characterised by localised swelling, erythema and pain.
Treatment consists of rest, analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents.
In extreme cases, corticosteroids, both by local injection and systemically, aspiration and surgery may be required. Such patients should be referred. This refers to local shoulder pain and restricted movement and causes may include occupational strain, arthritis, synovitis, bursitis and tendinitis. Treatment is similar to bursitis. Again all patients should be referred.