Pterygoid bones are present. An internal carotid foramen is present in the parasphenoid bone in some species. The angular bone is fused to the mandible. The columella and operculum appear as separate ear bones detached from the otic capsule in some species, and the columella is fused with the otic capsule in others. Replacement of vomerine teeth proceeds from the posterior of the vomer.
Teeth have a distinct crown and pedicel.
Origin of the levator mandibulae anterior superficialis muscle includes the exoccipital. A basilaris complex is present in the inner ear. The recessus amphibiorum is oriented horizontally in the inner ear. The otic sac is multilobate, vascularized and filled with calcium. The amphibian periotic canal lacks fibrous connective tissue.