Exploring Probability Elementary ideas of probability are developed through experiments, using only counting skills and some knowledge of fractions. Students progress from spinners, coins, and dice to a basic understanding of both empirical and theoretical probability. Here, students solve practical problems involving random outcomes by using simple simulations. The text builds on concepts introduced in Exploring Probability and develops simple ideas of mathematical modeling. From Samples Students learn the basics of statistical inference by studying opinion polls, such as the Gallup Poll.
Simulation is used instead of formulas to develop the notion of a confidence interval.
Random sampling and practical aspects of drawing samples to minimize bias and sampling error are considered Exploring Measurements Building on the idea of a confidence interval from the unit on Exploring Surveys, this module teaches students to interpret real-world measurement data and estimate population means through confidence intervals. The process of developing and carrying out a quantitative investigation is illustrated through a variety of activities that can be adapted to various classroom settings. All lessons have been field tested over a period of several years with different age groups and in different geographic locations. The lessons are designed to be used with early elementary through late intermediate level students, and some show how the same basic lesson can be adapted for either of these levels. The introductory level of a two-part program, this book presents activities that provide a foundation in quantitative literacy.