Quantity and pacing of instruction -the amount learned is related to the opportunity to learn. You learn by doing, not by watching, not by standing in line, not by listening -teacher expectations. Effective teachers expect their students to learn. Teachers don't just accept participation or any behavior but are demanding. Have routines so that time is not wasted by students goofing off.
Success rate is important.
We change the task. In fact it's being suggested that effective teachers are careful to ensure kids stay at task long enough to be successful. If we change too frequently the kids don't get to feel successful. Effective teachers are involved, they move around, they don't stand around but are busy. Whole class versus small group versus individualized instruction -successful teachers generally organize their classes in whole groups.