Because challengers are less concerned with relative capabilities, resolve, and risk calculations than in the Cold War, they are less subject to strategy. Similarly, they are more constrained by their cognitive structures and thus not as influenced by threats of punishment and promises of reward. Rogue and failed states face a variety of deterrent and coercive measures including political isolation, economic sanctions, and threat of military intervention. The most prominent rogue states are Cuba, Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, and Syria. The most visible failed state is Somalia.
States teetering on the brink of the welfare rolls of international society include Haiti.
In both instances, deterrence and coercive diplomacy are irrelevant at best and perhaps counter-productive at worst. The course begins with a discussion of themes like bargaining theory, deterrence, and coercive diplomacy. Washington's battle to limit trade with rogue states confronts Moscow's willingness to trade with them. As a result, Washington charges that the allies facilitate international terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The allies counter that America creates enemies by isolating states with which it has political differences.