Leaves are bright, shiny and oval shaped. They are smooth and leathery to the touch. Fruit resembles a grapefruit, being a yellowish-green, round, and an aggregate or grouping of many small individual fruits. Squirrels are about the only animals which eat the oranges. Both fruit and leaves have a white, sticky sap.
Twigs are slender, light orange in color and bear short, sharp thorns.
Mature bark has the appearance of bands wrapped around a pole, with wide furrows. It has an olive-orange color. The wood is very strong, bright yellow, turning dark upon exposure to air. Today Osage-Orange has several important uses. Despite some clearing, there are still many miles of hedges serving as both fences and windbreaks.