They absorb water in the intestine and make the stool softer. Stool softeners provide moisture to the stool and prevent dehydration. These laxatives are often recommended after childbirth or surgery. Mineral oil is the most common lubricant. Saline laxatives act like a sponge to draw water into the colon for easier passage of stool.
Stimulants cause rhythmic muscle contractions in the intestines.
Studies suggest that phenolphthalein, an ingredient in some stimulant laxatives, might increase a person's risk for cancer. Chronic use of these laxatives should be avoided. People who are dependent on laxatives need to slowly stop using the medications. A physician can assist in this process. Treatment may be directed at a specific cause.