If left untreated, the effect of chronic HCV infection on the progression of liver disease may result in cirrhosis of the liver and further progression to liver cancer. Darbepoetin alfa, an erythropoiesis stimulating protein, is being explored for its potential to stimulate the production of red blood cells. Phase 2 clinical trials are also underway in the oncology setting in the United States, Europe, Canada and Australia. Secondary HPT is a consequence of kidney failure, and many renal disease patients suffer from this condition. It is being studied for its potential to reduce the production of testosterone in men and estrogen in women.
Testosterone stimulates the growth of most prostate cancers.
Estrogen worsens the symptoms of endometriosis, which is not a cancer, but a painful gynecologic condition resulting from abnormal growth of the lining of the uterus. Phase 3 trials in patients with hormonally-responsive prostate cancer have been completed. A second formulation is being evaluated in a phase 2 trial in patients with endometriosis. Pegylated proteins have an increased plasma half-life. Mucositis is a condition in which the lining membrane of the mouth, throat or gastrointestinal tract is damaged by some forms of cancer treatment.