Subterfuge, in this context, means using secret or deceptive techniques of influence. To return to the name she gave her theory, those who use subterfuge systematically manipulate the social and psychological environment to acheive their objective of influence. There is a fundamental lack of correspondence between the learning theory conceptualization and the definition. Nor have any other scholars produced empirical evidence to support Singer's thesis. The absence of evidence notwithstanding, Singer spent many years an an expert witness on behalf of the brainwashing thesis.
Social influence is a normal process of everyday life.
It occurs in every walk of life on a more or less ongoing basis. At least four professional associations have reviewed and found the brainwashing or thought reform thesis lacking in scientific merit. Singer was appointed to chair the Task Force. In spite of the fact that peers have repeatedly rejected the viability of the brainwashing thesis, Singer and her colleagues continued to successfully present their views in courts. Up through 1988, Singer appeared as an expert witness in at least 37 cases Her testimony was not always decisive, but she was always on the winning side.