Amanda's summary of the conference follows. This conference was focused on the status of women faculty but much of this information should be of interest to graduate students as well.
Tenure is still very male-dominated.
Ph.D.s will take time to work through the promotion system, it is also true that the process keeps women junior longer, i.e. women take longer to get tenure, compared to the male colleagues. Although qualified women may be scarce in the hard sciences and mathematics, those who do exist are not women being hired in the same proportion as men. Part of this is that the distribution of men and women across fields has not changed significantly, even though the number of female Ph.D.s has increased. However women faculty still earn less than men even after you account for field, age, family status, publications, institutions etc. etc. One study tried 47 different control variables in combination but still found that gender was a significant factor in determining salary.