We noted that slavery played an important role in capital accumulation for industrialization, one perhaps undervalued in our text. Their government systems, supporting free trade, helped They had good transportation systems For the US, immigration brought in cheap labor, as well as the ideas, ethics, and knowledge of European societies. Resources, resources, resources . The US had plenty, and Britain was able to get many from its empire. Slower countries included France and Germany, with countries like Portugal, Spain, and Italy way behind.
Wars are very disruptive to the accumulation of wealth.
Transportation was less developed, political borders slowed down commerce. Values there were less supportive of entrepreneurial activities. There is a disadvantage in starting late. Some of these countries had feudal remnants, like a peasantry. Growth of a new middle class a bourgeoisie.