Theories regarding the development of the pulmonary veins are still controversial.
Later, the common pulmonary vein drains into the left atrium. We searched the Pediatric Cardiology records and found 2 other affected family members. All affected individuals share as common ancestors a non-consanguineous couple who have over 2000 living descendants. Blood samples from 68 family members have been collected, DNA extracted, and transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines have been established. These meiosis, by themselves, are sufficient to localize the gene involved, without the immediate necessity for additional phenotyping.