Overall, the diet should be low in fat and high in fibre-containing carbohydrate foods. Moderate amounts of sugary foods may be incorporated but should mainly be consumed with a fibre-rich meal. Fibre-rich food will slow the digestion and absorption of glucose into the blood stream. Diabetic' products, including jams and marmalades, confectionery, biscuits and cakes are not necessary. They contain sorbitol, which can cause osmotic diarrhoea when consumed in large quantities.
Some products are high in fat, which is undesirable for overweight individuals.
Alcohol should not be consumed in excess. Up to four units a day, with a minimum of two alcohol-free days each week is a reasonable guide. Alcohol has a high energy content, so the overweight should further limit their intake. Patients using insulin or taking sulphonylureas are particularly at risk of hypoglycaemia if they do not eat regularly. They are advised to eat three carbohydrate containing meals daily and to have a starchy snack before bed.