The larynx and vocal cords become inflamed, reducing their ability to function, limiting the ability to talk, and possibly causing pain. Most causes of laryngitis are preventable. The majority of cases in young people are caused by overuse of the voice or infection. Avoiding exposure to sick people and avoiding overuse of the voice would prevent most of these cases. In older people, smoking and cancer are additional causes.
Smoking can cause laryngitis directly.
Smoking and alcohol use are both risk factors for cancer of the larynx. Treatment of severe gastroesophageal reflux with medications can also help prevent laryngitis. In a typical case, the diagnosis can be made based on the history and physical examination. The physical examination may include the use of a special mirror to view the vocal cords. When the diagnosis is not clear or cancer is suspected, a procedure called laryngoscopy may be done.