Awareness of health issues is high but often not implemented in lifestyle. Exercise is uncommon, people may be overweight and men commonly smoke. Despite the risk factors in lifestyle, both men and women have lower mortality rates than the Australian population. Many migrants find work initially as labourers , plant and machine operators, putting them at higher risk of work related injury. Women have a higher than average incidence of musculoskeletal problems such as muscle and joint pains.
Tooth decay is endemic at all ages so ongoing dental care is a priority.
Around one third of people born in the former SFRY will be over 60 by the year 2001. Many of the aged are in need of health and welfare services but are not accessing them. Poor English, lack of mobility and lack of knowledge of the services contribute to this. It is expected that the family will care for the elderly at home, and the suggestion of a nursing home may appear insulting to the family honour. If not victims themselves, recent Bosnian migrants may have witnessed some of these events.