It is all skimmed off in the central office. Maybe, maybe some of them are not. But it is a silly notion that schools cannot operate without central offices. Schools in any state, even though they do not get the money, are the basis on which money is received. Students are really what drives funding.
Students count in every state.
If you look at Dr. Sanders' work, what you see is a shed slope, meaning that the teacher in the classroom is focusing her attention on low-achievement, and the kids who were at a high achievement level in first and second grades, by third grade have dropped off. That is very damning information about what happens in our schools. Most people could be compelled to believe that that is more hopeful for us than the system that is failing them right now. It is really only controversial within the institution of education itself. Once you get outside and start to talk with business, industry, and parents about this notion, it is very well-supported.