If the test is made and you can imagine circumstances which could make the claim false while the reasons are true but the evidence indicates that those circumstances do not exist, then the inference establishes the likelihood of the conclusion but not its certainty. An argument can have a valid or good inference even when it has untrue premises. An invalid inference is where the reasons, were they true, would be insufficient to establish the claim being true. It is where the claim does not follow from the reasons. It depends on the subject area.
Some areas are necessarily more stringent than others.
It depends on the kind of evidence or sources of knowledge being relied upon. It depends to some extent on how knowledgable the audience is. Sometimes it is very difficult to tell. There are reasoned ways out of the pitfalls of relativism and skepticism. Distinguish between opinion without reasoned judgment from opinion with it.