All other potential health risks linked to fluoride use are also critically assessed. The first half of the report concentrates on recent studies of fluoride that strengthen current public health policy. Separate sections summarize what is known about environmental sources of fluoride, its metabolism and excretion, its effects on teeth and bones, and the levels needed to prevent caries. The second half reviews clinical experiences with each of the main methods of fluoride administration, including fluoride in drinking-water, fluoridated salt, fluoridated milk, fluoride supplements in the form of tablets and drops, fluoridated toothpastes, and topical use of fluoride. Each method is considered in terms of its safety, limitations, public health impact, costs, optimum concentration or dosage, and advantages in particular populations or situations.
Water fluoridation is cited as the most effective method of reaching large populations.
The report also calls for an adjustment in recommended levels of fluoride and the development of affordable and effective fluoride-containing toothpastes as a major priority for much of the world. Establishes the framework for a standardized approach to the epidemiological study of oral conditions associated with HIV infection. Noting that oral lesions are among the first symptoms of both infection with HIV and progression to AIDS, the guide responds to the need to facilitate data collection and comparisons through use of standardized terminology, standardized diagnostic criteria and procedures for clinical examination, and standardized methods for the analysis and reporting of data. In presenting such a framework, the authors aim to encourage the comparison of findings from different studies and different populations, while also making oral health status an integral part of optimum case management and of surveillance activities. The guide is addressed to established epidemiologists with an interest in HIV-associated oral conditions as well as to oral health practitioners who lack specialized knowledge of epidemiology.