Itching of the scalp and head is the main symptom of head lice. The itching is caused by the skin being irritated from the bite of the louse, which injects a toxin into the skin. The itching can be severe, causing scratch marks and open areas that sometimes result in a secondary skin infection. Much of the itching may be concentrated at the back of the head and neck at the hairline. Diagnosis is made by close observation of the scalp, where the eggs can be seen at the base of the hair shaft.
Treatment is necessary to kill the lice and prevent infesting others.
Consult with your physician if you are unsure whether or not you or your child may have lice. The treatment for lice includes medicated shampoos containing lindane, pyrethrins or permethrins, that are used to kill the lice. Products containing pyrethrins are available over the counter at pharmacies, but those containing lindane or permethrin can only be obtained with a doctor's prescription. Lindane is not recommended for infants, young children, and pregnant or breastfeeding women. Directions for using the shampoo should be followed carefully, according to the label instructions.