As we have seen, Ammianus refers to Rome's foes throughout his history.
Some references are to individuals leading their people against Rome for personal reasons.
Other references are to enemy tribes or peoples as a whole. A few times, Ammianus shows the groups of people we would now call civilians or non-combatants. In Ammianus' presentation, all were guilty of something aimed at harming the Roman people. Ammianus wrote about res gestae , things accomplished by people of his time, but the history could almost as well be a list of crimes against the majesty of Imperial Rome. First and foremost, the Romans sought to end the challenges their enemies presented to the Imperium.