Environmental Research Foundation . . P.O. Box 5036, Annapolis, MD 21403 . .
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To subscribe, E-mail the words . . This conclusion has been a long time in the making. Starting in 1911, British death certificates have been coded for social class based on occupation. The British database of deaths coded by class has allowed many studies, which have shown consistently that lower social status is associated with early death. For example, in 1980, Sir Douglas Black, who was then the President of the Royal College of Surgeons, published a study covering the period 1930-1970 in England.