While some dung fungi show few modifications peculiar to their habitat, most do have some unique features. Many exhibit some very specialized structures to ensure survival in their unique habitat. Thus, the spores or spore masses are relatively large and heavy. The sporangium and sporangiophore of Pilobolus measure about 0.5-1.0 cm, yet the sporangium has been propelled as much as 1.8 m vertically and 2.1 m horizontally. Some coprophilous fungi exhibit a phototropic response that determines the direction the spore mass will be projected and ensures that the spores clear the substrate.
Spore discharge is always during the day.
To demonstrate this phototropic response, place the mature culture of Pilobolus inside a container with a hole punched into one side of the container top. Wrap the container inside aluminum foil and punch another hole in the foil aligned over the container hole. Place transparent tape over the hole, and set the container in a window. The following day, remove the foil and container. The spores are dark to protect them from ultraviolet light until they are consumed by a herbivore.