Extreme caution must be taken, however, when handling hydrofluoric acid. These solutions are effective but rather slow. After any chemical treatment, intensive rinsing in de-ionized water will remove all residue from the textile which may adversely affect the fibers over time. Unlike water, solvents do not soften textile fibers, minimizing the risk of shrinkage and loss of shape. Dyes not fast in water may be undisturbed in solvent.
Solvents are more efficient than water for dissolving grease.
In general, solvents are volatile and dry quickly. The costs of solvent cleaning are much higher, and the problems of toxicity and inflammability must be taken into consideration. Particularly fragile textiles are sometimes mounted between sheets of plastic or glass. Any breaks in the threads either in the warp or weft of the material should be affixed with drops of glue to prevent additional unraveling The conservator also has the option to consolidate and reinforce fragile textiles with various synthetic resins. Since water softens and makes textile fibers pliable, emulsions and water-soluble resins are preferred for textile consolidation.