Principles of fluid balance are emphasized in the study of the renal system. Laboratory experiences include identification of the body's major organs, an experiment to examine cell physiology, microscopic examination of the four classes of tissues, identification of bones and major joints, identification of major skeletal muscles, experiments to analyze reflexes, a study of the special senses, measurement of ECG, measurement of lung volumes using a spirometer, and urinalysis. Martini and Bartholomew, Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology. Work for this course consists of written lecture quizzes, written and practical lab quizzes, writing assignments and problems examining lecture and lab material, oral presentations of content knowledge, and a comprehensive final exam. In class and out of class writing assignments ask the student to explicitly describe, in their own words, their understanding of specific relationships between structure and function.
Students make a number of short oral presentations in lab.