When the boat being rocked is the ship of state, scientists who question the captain's judgement could find themselves walking the plank. Whether they are working in government or on the outside, scientists must think twice before raising questions about the scientific underpinnings of official policies. Scientists in the employ of federal agencies who find evidence that conflicts with the current administration's political objectives must worry about losing promotions and perks, such as travel or special assignments, and even their jobs. Scientists on the outside might appear at first glance to have more freedom to speak against government policies with which they disagree. But many of these scientists or the institutions for which they work are heavily dependent on federal grants.
Scientists create paper trails every time they publish.
Government officials reviewing grants for agencies with set agendas can easily determine whether a scientist has strayed from the path of political righteousness. Their ability to bestow or withhold grants is on the mind of every scientist applying for the money. For some, this means holding their tongues at conferences or engaging in other forms of self-censorship in order to protect their livelihoods. Despite the threats and disincentives against speaking out, some scientists have vocally challenged federal policies that are not based on sound science. Some have paid dearly.