Chromosomal Mutations Mutations can occur at a fairly macroscopic level. Large sections of chromosomes can be altered or shifted, leading to changes in the way the genes on them are expressed.
Translocations involve the interchange of large segments of DNA between two different chromosomes.
This can change expression of genes if a gene is at the translocation breakpoint or if it finds itself reattached ina way that it is regulated by a new promoter region, which is not tailored to its expression needs. Inversions occur when a region of DNA flips its orientatio nwith respect to the rest of the chromosome. This can lead to the same problems as translocations. Sometimes large regions fo a chromosome are deleted . This can lead to a loss of important genes.