Finally, quantifications of the various climatic and environmental proxy records and modelling of past conditions constitute important parts of these studies. The group has currently co-operative research projects in Sweden, Denmark, Faroe Islands , Greenland , Russia, and eastern and southern Europe. Lena Barnekow, Svante Bj rck , Leif Bj rkman , Gunnar Digerfeldt, Dan Hammarlund, Siv Olsson, Tine Rasmussen, Mats Rundgren , Per Sandgren, Ian Snowball and Barbara Wohlfarth . Biotic and soil response to climate and human impact Changes of vegetation, fauna and soils are recorded by means of multidisciplinary methods involving pollen and plant macrofossil analysis, insect analysis, osteology, environmental magnetism, geochemistry etc. Methods are developed for quantification of proxy records and modelling vegetation changes related to climate and human impact.
Spatial scales vary from continental to forest stand scale.
Time span covered is mainly Holocene, involving prehistoric as well as historic and modern time. The group has currently projects in different parts of the Nordic region and take advantage of Nordic as well as European pollen databases. International cooperation involves participation in the same international programs as group 4. Joachim Regn ll , Per Sandgren, Ian Snowball and Barbara Wohlfarth . The field area is southern Sweden and Denmark, with correlations within the South and East Baltic area, and south Greenland.