Gwendolyn Brooks receives Pulitzer Prize for poetry. Ralph Bunche receives Nobel Prize for his successful mediation of the Palestine conflict. 1951 John H. Johnson founds Jet magazine. University of Tennessee admits first black student. The movement of black families into Trumbull Park housing project in Chicago triggers virtually continuous riot lasting more than three years.
School integration begins in Washington and Baltimore.
Defense Department announces elimination of all segregated regiments in the armed forces. 1955 Marian Anderson debuts at the Metropolitan Opera House, the first black singer in the company's history. Emmet Till, aged 14, kidnapped and lynched in Money, Mississippi on 28 August. Rosa Parks arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery bus, on 1 December. The historic bus boycott in Montgomery begins on 5 December.