In urban areas the source may be a public fountain or standpipe located not more than 200 meters away. In rural areas the definition implies that members of the household do not have to spend a disproportionate part of the day fetching water. An adequate amount of water is that needed to satisfy metabolic, hygienic, and domestic requirements, usually about 20 liters of safe water a person per day.
Suitable facilities range from simple but protected pit latrines to flush toilets with sewerage.
To be effective, all facilities must be correctly constructed and properly maintained. Adult female illiteracy is the proportion of female adults aged 15 and above who cannot, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life. Child malnutrition is the percentage of children under 5 whose weight for age is less than minus 2 standard deviations from the median of the reference population. Immunization rate measures the rate of vaccination coverage of children under one year of age. A child is considered adequately immunized against measles after receiving one dose of vaccine.