Describe the development of the imperial state and the scholar-official class. In addition to the standards for grades nine through twelve, students demonstrate the following intellectual, reasoning, reflection, and research skills. Chronological and Spatial Thinking 1. Students compare the present with the past, evaluating the consequences of past events and decisions and determining the lessons that were learned. Students use a variety of maps and documents to interpret human movement, including major patterns of domestic and international migration, changing environmental preferences and settlement patterns, the frictions that develop between population groups, and the diffusion of ideas, technological innovations, and goods.
Students relate current events to the physical and human characteristics of places and regions.
Historical Research, Evidence, and Point of View 1. Students distinguish valid arguments from fallacious arguments in historical interpretations. Students identify bias and prejudice in historical interpretations. Students evaluate major debates among historians concerning alternative interpretations of the past, including an analysis of authors use of evidence and the distinctions between sound generalizations and misleading oversimplifications. Historical Interpretation 1.