The original developer and the competitors promote a standard which is widely circulated amoung the users and eventually a standard is issued. Users can now purchase the product from a number of different competitive supppliers and the major markets can be supplied. The standards are created to increase the power of the buyer. This is invariably done at the cost of the performance of the technology due to the need to compromise to reach agreement between all the stakeholders. Standard setting takes a very long time due to the variety of parties that need to be consulted.
Standards usually appear only after the inital acceptor markets have been saturated.
To date very few standards exist for these technologies, primarily because of the relative youth of these technologies. Actual performance is dependant on the reader coil sizes.