Parolees are subject to re-incarceration for rule violations. Three-quarters of probationers and parolees maintained regular contact with a supervisory agency. Texas had the largest number of adults on probation and parole with more than 538,000 under supervision, followed by California with 389,000. At the end of 1996, 3.9 percent of all adults in Texas were on probation or parole. Fourteen states reported that fewer than 1 percent of their adult populations were on probation or parole.
Women represent a growing percentage of the probation and parole populations nationwide.
During 1996 more than 1.5 million probationers and almost 400,000 parolees were released from supervision. Final counts and additional data will be published in Correctional Populations in the United States,1996. Includes supervised release, parole, military parole, special parole, and mandatory release. The District of Columbia as a wholly urban jurisdiction is excluded. These surveys cover all 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the Federal system.