Aphids and whiteflies also transmit serious viruses. Honeybees are essential for pollination and fruit development. Insecticides that may harm pollinators are often applied in evenings when the bees are not foraging. There are no insect-resistant varieties. Early planting helps reduce some losses due to late-season insects.
Some varieties resist viruses transmitted by aphids and other insects.
Currently there are no commercial replacements for diazinon. Diseases Problems include fungal leaf spots, Fusarium wilt, downy mildew, powdery mildew, and gummy stem blight, and others. Some melon varieties resist several pathogens such as fusarium wilt and powdery mildew. Some varieties tolerate sulfur, which can be used to control powdery mildew. No biological control agents are available.