There is not currently a satisfactory treatment for any stage of Chagas' disease. These long-term therapies are toxic to some patients. Crimean-Congo HF is transmitted by the bite or crushing of infected ticks, or by contact with live or dead infected mammals. Though treatment is not definitive, more severe cases are often successfully treated with IV ribavirin as described in the full discussion of Hemorrhagic Fevers. There is increasing incidence and prevalence of cocirculation of multiple serotypes.
Treatment is supportive and convalescence tends to be lengthy.
Both Ebola and Marburg HFs are caused by viral infections characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, severe headache, and myalgia. Symptoms may increase in severity and include jaundice, pancreatic inflammation, rapid weight loss, prostration, delirium, shock, hepatic failure, massive hemorrhaging, and multi-organ failure. Treatment is supportive as discussed in the full discussion of hemorrhagic fevers. A common course of illness begins with an abrupt onset of fever, myalgia, cutaneous flushing, and conjunctival suffusion. Treatment is primarily supportive, except that Lassa fever, South American HFs, and possibly Crimean-Congo HF and Rift Valley HF may be treated with a slow infusion of IV ribavirin.