Nearly 15 percent of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism have multi-gland disease and will require either removal of approximately 3 parathyroid glands, or total parathyroidectomy with immediate parathyroid autotransplantation. Surgery is also required for select patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. These patients develop parathyroid gland enlargement as a consequence of other metabolic disorders, most commonly renal failure. Adrenal Sensitive imaging techniques including CT and MRI scans have led to the increasingly common diagnosis of adrenal tumors. Adrenal tumors, however, can produce hormones that can result in a variety of clinical syndromes including Cushing's syndrome as well as hypertensive syndromes, such as pheochromocytoma and aldosteronoma, which lead to high-blood pressure.
Surgical removal is the treatment of choice for most functioning adrenal tumors.
Modern CT scans can detect many adrenal tumors that otherwise would go undetected. Islet Cell Tumors of the Pancreas Signs and symptoms from abnormal hormonal secretion may result in islet cell tumors of the pancreas , an unusual form of pancreatic tumor. Comprehensive hormonal and radiologic evaluations are required. The most common islet cell tumor, gastrinoma, is associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and results in peptic ulcer disease. These tumors can be malignant and surgical excision frequently results in cure.