Research has contributed to our ability to recognize, diagnose, and treat each of these conditions effectively in terms of symptom control and behavior management. Medication and other therapies can be independent, combined, or sequenced depending on the individual's diagnosis and personal preference. A new recovery perspective is supported by evidence on rehabilitation and treatment as well as by the personal experiences of consumers. Care and treatment in the real world of practice do not conform to what research determines as best. For many reasons, at times care is inadequate but there are models for improving treatment.
Substance abuse is a major co-occurring problem for adults with mental disorders.
Evidence supports combined treatment, although there are substantial gaps between what research recommends and what typically is available in communities. Several special problems in care and treatment of adults have been recognized, beyond traditional mainstream mental health concerns, including racial and ethnic differences, lack of consumer involvement, and the consequences of disability and poverty. Barriers of access exist in the organization and financing of services for adults. There are specific problems with Medicare, Medicaid, income supports, housing, and managed care.