Later, signs of chronic renal failure may be apparent, including edema , polyneuropathy, and signs of fluid overload including abnormal heart and lung sounds. A urinalysis may show blood, casts , protein , or some other abnormality. Kidney or abdominal ultrasound , kidney or some abdominal CT scan , or IVP may show small kidneys. A chest X-ray may show fluid overload. A kidney biopsy may show one of the forms of chronic glomerulonephritis or non specific scarring of the glomeruli.
Treatment varies depending on the cause of the disorder, and the type and severity of symptoms.
The primary treatment goal is control of symptoms. Hypertension may be difficult to control, and it is generally the most important aspect of treatment. Various antihypertensive medications may be used to attempt to control high blood pressure . Corticosteroids, immunosuppressives, or other medications may be used to treat some of the causes of chronic glomerulonephritis . Dietary restrictions on salt, fluids, protein , and other substances may be recommended to aid control of hypertension or renal failure .