The Tura Range has been recognised and protected as an important watershed by its indigenous people since the beginning of this century. The Tura Range constitutes the backbone of the Garo Hills which lie at the western end of the Patkai Range of Assam. Numerous rivers and streams originate from these hills and flow over narrow, rocky beds to join the Brahmaputra or Meghna rivers.
Southern slopes are very much steeper than northern ones.
The terrain is rocky and in many places the ridge is devoid of top soil. The area supports broadleaved evergreen and semi-evergreen forest, with brakes of bamboo at lower altitudes. Vegetation on southern slopes is limited to occasional patches of moist deciduous forest, dominated by birch Betula sp. Very little vegetation remains on the gentler northern slopes and it is restricted to a narrow fringe of evergreen and semi-evergreen forest along the ridge. The centre of the national park is uninhabited.