The independent media have enjoyed moderate growth, but publications in Maputo have scant influence among the largely illiterate rural population. Criminal libel laws are another important deterrent to open expression. Nongovernmental organizations, including the Mozambican Human Rights League, operate openly and issue critical reports. International human rights and humanitarian groups are also allowed to operate in the country. There is no reported interference with free religious practice.
Women suffer from both legal and societal discrimination.
Domestic violence is reportedly common, and the government has joined campaigns by women's groups such as Women, Law, and Development to reduce wife beating. During the period of one-party rule, Frelimo tightly controlled Mozambique's labor movement. The Organization of Mozambican Workers, the country's major trade confederation, is now nominally independent. The Organization of Free and Independent Unions, a more independent group, was formed in 1994. All workers in nonessential services have the right to strike.