This is beneficial by not only increasing the efficacy of the procedure, but also by minimizing the interference of the inter-individual variability in the interpretation of clinical results. In the operating room, the stereotactic grid array is aligned so that its axial plane is parallel to the axial plane of the MRI and so the longitudinal axis is parallel to the axis of the midline of the brain. A burr hole into the skull is created in order to accommodate the site of entry of the transplant needle which is positioned so that the superficial needle tract remains entirely within the superior frontal gyrus. An optimal length and diameter of the transplant needle should be chosen. The dissected porcine tissue is aspirated into the stereotactic needle.
Subsequent needle trajectories use the same burr hole and entry point by angling the grid array.
Surgery can be separated into two procedures. Immunosuppression with Cyclosporin A should be initiated two weeks before the first transplantation procedure, should be a bit reduced at 2 weeks after the second procedure and discontinued after 6 months. The use of anti-Parkinson medication should be tentatively halted a few days before surgery. Antibiotic treatment with either piperacillin or vancomycin, ceftezidine, and flurconazole should be given by IV immediately after surgery and then continued for at least 5 days and as long as necessary. As a safety measurement, as well as to test for breakdown of the Blood Brain Barrier , an MRI should be performed on the first post-operative day.