Firstly, glucose exerts a large osmotic pressure in the extra cellular fluid, which causes osmotic transfer of water out of the cell, leading to cell dehydration. Secondly, high concentrations of glucose cannot be reabsorbed by the kidneys, and therefore ends up being excreted in urine. As a result, Osmotic Diuresis can also occur, due to significant loss of glucose via urine. This has an overall effect of depleting the body of its fluids and electrolytes. As a result of these circumstances, certain symptoms can be associated with Diabetes.
Weight loss is another symptom, resulting from the body failing to metabolize glucose properly.
Type I is often diagnosed in children, resulting from altered immune systems. It results in Pancreatic insulin being present in low to absent levels, therefore making insulin responses to glucose little to none. Therefore, Type I diabetics are sensitive to insulin treatment. Type II Diabetes, is usually diagnosed in adults and results from age or obesity. Pancreatic insulin is present, but its response to glucose is significantly decreased.