For example, deinstitutionalisation in the mental health field and shortening hospital stays after operations and childbirth puts more unpaid work onto family relatives. Techological and social advances may be part of the rationale for such changes, in addition to cost cutting, but a major result is a transfer to unpaid work. More importantly for UBI, almost all jobs are at the same time undertaken by both paid and unpaid workers. This is true of almost all industries and occupations, from the obvious examples of caring work and home maintenance to management and agriculture. Valuing all such work properly does not mean paying for it all by the hour.
Social cohesion depends on voluntary, gift work.
Many people want to do it. Nor could the formal economy bear the costs of paying for it in that manner. But the desire and ability to do such work may be breaking down with the increasing requirements and financial necessity for almost all adults to be in paid work. Under current orthodoxy, this is okay because they do not require community support for their basic living costs. But it is not okay for those who need the unemployment benefit to spend time this way, because they should be looking for 'proper' work.