The patient is rendered unconscious. The heart, the source of life, wracked with pain is stopped. By any measure, the patient is dead. The surgeon reconfigures the circulation of the heart and the patient, Christlike, is reborn. Some patients remain significantly improved even in spite of closure of the bypass.
Statistics show that bypass surgery shows longer survival rates that noninvasive medical care.
It is a smooth muscle relaxer and a vasodilater. CJ'97 Resources Berkow, R. ed. U.S. News Books, 1981. Freund, P and McGuire, M. Health, Illness and the Social Body. Prentice Hall, 1991.