Infected needles may remain attached for several years. Symptoms begin in midsummer with foliage yellowing the browning. Tree usually dies before spring. Vector is a Cerambycid beetle - remove and burn infested trees before May 1. Dead and dying branches should be removed to reduce attraction.
Symptoms occur in midsummer with the needle turning yellow then purplish-brown in late winter.
Small black fruiting bodies emerge from stomates in the spring. A round gall on the branches of the tree. The woody gall will produce masses of orange spores each spring. Resistance varies from tree to tree. The galls may be pruned from small infested trees but this treatment has very limited effectiveness.