Here is an attempt to sort out some of those styles, and the artists who make them popular.
Some styles have their own pages, which are linked to from here.
You might also want to check out the Brazilian Artist and Album guides. A Glossary of musical terms is also available, though I won't entirely swear by it. Reviews of axe artists can be found throughout the miscellaneous albums section. Batucada - Intense, polyrhythmic percussion. Batucada is a style which emphasizes Brazilian culture's African heritage.