Serious pathologic findings of NCC can include obstructive hydrocephalus, meningoencephalitis, and vascular accidents. Involvement of brain parenchyma is common. Ventricular and subarachnoid cysts also are found. Spinal NCC is rare. Ocular cysts are mostly vitreous but they may be found in subretinal locations.
Subcutaneous nodules represent cysticerci in the skin.
Skeletal muscle encystment usually is asymptomatic but may lead to muscular pseudohypertrophy with a heavy parasite burden. Cardiac cysts may lead to conduction system abnormalities. Endemic areas include Mexico and Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, India, and East Asia. NCC is a leading cause of adult-onset seizures worldwide. NCC is frequently asymptomatic.