Kim Loos Dr. Kimberly A. Loos practices general dentistry in San Jose, California. She is also a clinical instructor at University of Pacific School of Dentistry and an editor for Dentistry On-Line.
Studies show that smoking can have a negative impact on gingivitis and periodontal disease.
Case studies have shown that smoking is a risk factor for loss of attachment of the gingiva and bone loss in adult periodontitis. Smokers also run an increased risk of developing refractory periodontitis. Refractory periodontitis is a pesky type of periodontitis that continues to progress despite aggressive therapy. The negative influences of smoking on the periodontium are unclear. Some believe this phenomenon can be explained by the altered immunological and inflammatory responses to the bacteria.