Neuralgia is a term for pain caused by a nerve problem. Trigeminal neuralgia is a painful condition that affects the trigeminal nerve in the face, also called the fifth cranial nerve. This nerve is responsible for sensing touch, pain, pressure, and temperature in the face, jaw, gums, and forehead, and around the eyes. Nerve pain can affect almost any nerve in the body. Its cause is poorly understood.
Some researchers think it is an electrical problem, much like a loose or damaged electrical wire.
The fifth cranial nerve gives sensation to almost the entire face. That's why this disorder can cause pain in different areas of the face. Fortunately, treatment can help stop the pain for most people. The pain is usually described as sudden, severe, or stabbing. It is commonly felt on one side of the lips, gums, cheek, or jaw.