The Savanna Biome, consisting of grassland and trees, incorporates the Northern Cape and Kalahari, the Central Bushveld and the Valley Bushveld to the South. The Kruger National Park, the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, and the Umfolozi and Hluhluwe reserves fall within its boundaries. The Nama-Karoo Biome combines the Namaland area of Namibia and the Karoo area of South Africa. The Grassland Biome has summer rainfall with heavy thunderstorms, while frost occurs in winter. Perennial rivers are the Orange, Vaal and Pongola.
Trees are scarce.
The wildebeest, blesbok and eland are endemic to the region. The Natal Drakensberg wilderness areas are part of the biome. The Northern Cape winter rainfall area or Succulent Karoo Biome has dry summers with soaring temperatures. National parks in this area are the Richtersveld and Tankwa-Karoo. The Fynbos Biome is one of six floral kingdoms of the world.