But reading glasses or bifocals are the only treatment needed and there are no other long-term effects. A brain tumor can cause death. Glaucoma, macular degeneration, and diabetes can result in permanent blindness. Vision changes are not contagious and pose no risks to others. If the cause is an eye infection, such as conjunctivitis or keratitis, the infection may be contagious.
Treatment is directed at the cause.
Medications are often used to control diabetes or glaucoma. Retinal detachment, cataracts, some types of glaucoma, and brain tumors can be treated with surgery. Eye infections may need to be treated with antibiotics. Nearsightedness is usually treated with glasses or contact lenses. Side effects depend on the treatments used.