The Ph.D. student is usually expected to be able to independently craft a research project by the end of their study and is expected to be able to demonstrate a sense of perspective regarding the place of their research in terms of their field. Another big difference is the length of time to degree. The M.S. degree typically requires 2-3 years of study. The Quality of the Graduate Program Not all graduate programs offer the same areas of specialization. Most graduate programs offer research in inorganic, organic and physical chemistry.
Some programs offer analytical chemistry, biological chemistry, or materials science.
Therefore although it is not necessary to identify your specialty now, it is wise idea to identify beforehand the general areas in which you might wish to specify since these areas may not be found at each and every graduate program. In addition, you will find there are great differences in the quality of research experience at most graduate research institutions even if they have the same areas of specialization. Usually there will be one or two areas of expertise and interest that are considered to be the hallmarks of any particular graduate program. For example, in the Boston area, Northeastern University is well known for the excellence of its graduate program in bioanalytical chemistry. In making decisions about where to apply, you should consult recent graduates and faculty from your home undergraduate institution can provide you with useful information regarding graduate programs and specific faculty that do work in the areas of your specific interest.