The researcher stands outside the phenomenon under scrutiny. Metaphors frequently associated with this view describe human structures as machines or organisms. The functionalist paradigm views communication as a variable . Interpretivist Paradigm Reality, from an interpretive perspective, is viewed as a socially created phenomenon, interpreted by the participants.
Social reality exists only in connection with the events that create and maintain it.
This subjective view concentrates on the way interpretations of symbolic action create reality for individuals. Reality is created by individuals as they use symbols. I nterpretivists view communication as a process of creating shared meaning . Communication Perspectives Mechanistic - adopts a sender focus . Research questions would deal with association and cause.