A deficiency can occur in diabetics , alcoholics and in the presence of gastrointestinal disorders where absorption is impaired, such as prolonged diarrhea. Signs of a deficiency include loss of appetite, irritability, disorientation, convulsions, and abnormal behavior. Sodium Sodium acts to maintain the normal hydration state of the bodily fluids. Sodium ions are found primarily in the plasma and fluid surrounding cells while potassium is found within cells. These ions affect the movement of water in an out of cells.
Sodium ions balanced by other ions are necessary to normal cell function in all tissues of the body.
Sodium, chloride and potassium concentrations are tightly controlled by osmoreceptors within the brain and the hormones ADH and aldosterone. These ions can be resorbed from or exceted in the urine , sweat , tears as needed. One to 2 grams of sodium is found in the normal diet. We require an intake of about 4-6 grams each day. Because sodium is added to many foods during processing as a flavor enhancer, intakes in the U.S. are often in excess of the requirement.