Disorders of the tube A . Antacids, dietary changes, sleep position C . Infection with Heliobacter pylori. Initiation of pathology is in the crypts of Lieberkuhn. Repeated cycles of injury and repair with infiltration by inflammatory cells.
Subsequent inflammation follows lymphatic ducts into surrounding tissue creating fissures.
All layers of the intestinal wall are affected by scarring and thickening. In both cases exact etiology is unknown but appears to be immunologic, probably autoimmune. Direct cause of injury is inflammation. Review the gut as an organ of the immune system. Ulceration, fistulas, necrosis and perforation.