None of the emotions predicted whether or not patients attempted suicide. Similarly, among the six patients who attempted suicide, shame and fear were highly correlated with number of suicide attempts. To help understand the apparently complex relationship between shame and parasuicide, Figures 1 and 2 show the scatterplots of shame and parasuicide. Among those who engage in parasuicide without suicide intent, negative emotions do not predict how many times they do it. The relationship of parasuicide to shame is not simply the result of being ashamed of one's parasuicidal behavior.
Shame predicts prospectively independently of previous parasuicidal behavior.