Scattered and incidental monitoring has been conducted at places believed to be industrial, trade and traffic areas, as well as settlements, in cities of the island of Java and in the outer islands eg. Sumatra, Kalimantan and Sulawesi 7,8 . Yet, such measurements were not systematic, except in Jakarta and it is therefore difficult to analyse trends. The available data indicate that, although there were fluctuations, a slight increase in the level of air pollutants occurred. Water and food contaminated by environmental pollutants There have been few studies of food which relate to environmental pollutants.
Some examples follow.
Heavy metals like cadmium were found in the rice of West Java 14 . Mercury was also studied 15,16 . Pesticide pollutants are found in stream water and vegetables 13,14 with residues in some vegetables below standard and others particularly in North Sumatra and West Java, in cabbages, above Acceptable Daily Intakes. In other words, populations were exposed to pesticide stream pollution as well as pesticide residues in food. No studies with regard to the reproductive system among farmers have been done.