Studies show that most women do not perceive menopause as having a negative impact on their lives. As with each phase in the life cycle, an ending also marks a new beginning. Menopause represents an opportunity to reflect upon the past and the future and move forward in a positive, healthful way. Definition Menopause has occurred when there is an absence of menstrual periods for 12 consecutive months in a woman 40 or older. The average age of menopause is 51 and most commonly occurs between 48 and 55.
Tobacco use accelerates ovarian aging and can lead to an earlier menopause.
Periods may naturally come to a halt in younger women as well, but other possible causes are considered prior to making a diagnosis of menopause. Menopause can occur naturally, as the result of the normal ovarian aging and decline in function or it can be induced, by surgical removal of the ovaries, radiation or chemotherapy treatments. The perimenopausal years encompass the two to three years prior and subsequent to the menopause. The years just preceding the actual cessation of menses are marked by declining function of the ovaries, fluctuating hormone levels and menstrual cycle irregularity. During this time women may experience symptoms commonly identified with the menopausal experience such as hot flashes, night sweats, sleep disturbances, irritability and mood disturbances.