In this issue we'll discuss types and definitions of bits, so we'll have a reference point at which to begin. Bits can be broken into two categories, snaffles and curbs. A snaffle is a non-leverage bit, meaning it does not have shanks. The reins pull directly on the cheek rings of the bit instead of the end of a shank. Full cheek snaffle, Driving snaffle, Full cheek snaffle with twisted wire mouthpiece.
Snaffles can have many kinds of mouthpieces and cheek ring styles.
Mouthpieces vary greatly, but the most common is a smooth mouthpiece that tapers gradually to a joint in the center. The mouthpieces may vary in diameter and the materials from which they are constructed. But they are all snaffles, non-leverage bits. Curb bits are those which have a shank that creates a mechanical action when used with a curb chain or strap. Regardless of whether the mouthpiece is jointed or solid, has a spade, port or mullen mouth, the basic mechanics of the curb are the same.