The inspection chambers for the house connections, which account for a large part of the sewerage cost, are replaced by small, inexpensive intercepting traps developed specially for the projects. By using the natural grades, pumping was avoided which reduced the capital, running and maintenance costs. For water supply, selective repair and upgradation is preferred to the total replacement. New networks are proposed only in the remote or newly developed sites. The existing hand pumps and wells are salvaged and integrated into the system to the extent possible.
Thoughtful planting can improve the micro environment of the settlements.
Shade trees cool the streets in the summer and at the same time reduce the dust in the air. Landscaping attenuates the rain peaks, resulting in smaller pipe sizes of storm drains. The decorative trees and the flowering plants add to the beauty. Vegetable, herb and fruit yielding plants, in addition, supplement the daily needs of the families. Earth management and grassing very significantly reduce the costs of roads and pavings, the most expensive components of urban infrastructure.