Production orientation making whatever products are easy to produce and then trying to sell them. Publicity any unpaid form of nonpersonal presentation of ideas, goods, or services. Sales era a time when a company emphasizes selling because of increased competition. Simple trade era a time when families traded or sold their surplus output to local middlemen who resold these goods to other consumers or distant middlemen. Social responsibility a firm's obligation to improve its positive effects on society and reduce its negative effects.
Target marketing a marketing mix is tailored to fit some specific target customers.
Buying function looking for and evaluating goods and services. Countertrade A special type of bartering in which products from one country are traded for products from another country. Customer satisfaction the extent to which a firm fulfills a consumer's needs, desires, and expectations. Economic system the way an economy organizes to use scarce resources to produce goods and services and distribute them for consumption by various people and groups in the society. Economies of scale as a company produces larger numbers of a particular product, the cost for each of these products goes down.