Take a serious look at norm or reference group before making comparisons. If your sample is not part of norm group, reliability and validity may be suspect. The standard deviations are determined arbitrarily 2. There are a number of different formats employed . Most of which are self-report measures.
Scaled items are the most common approach in measuring affective traits.
Length is important with age. Age is also important. Each item includes a series of statements reflecting varying attitudes towards the same objective or event. Includes items with a small number of increasingly difficult, complex or value-loaded statements. Responding affirmatively to one item in the service implies a corresponding response to all the preceding statements.