Combine this sample with a second sample from the opposite face to form a composite sample. Check horizontal variability using a small auger to sample a ring of soil three or four feet beyond the pit in which you'll plant the trees and compare that soil with soil from the outside edge of the pit. If the bed covers a large area, then dig sever al pits and examine their contents as well. After opening the pit, examine the texture, structure and density of each layer or horizon. Note any abrupt changes from one layer to the next because they may present drainage and root penetration problems.
Texture is dependent on the percentage of sand, silt and clay present in the material.
Course-textured or sandy soils, which feel gritty and fall apart easily with rough handling. . Medium-textured soils, such as loam or silt loam, which feel soft and are not gritty. They may be relatively fertile and have a moderate water-holding capacity. . Fine-textured soils, such as silty clay loam and clay loam, which feel smooth and are hard when dry. A clod of dried fine-textured soil withstands tough handling.