Such taxes are akin to import tariffs.
Tariffs can either be revenue, or protective.
If they are low enough imports continue to come in albeit paying for the privilege. Goods stay out and the consumer is forbidden to have something she wants. In the same way, if an 'environmental tax' is high enough to stop the undesirable something - there will be no revenue. If the tax produces a revenue, the undesirable whatever continues to be undesirable. I must confess that I'm against all taxes.