Prematurity is a factor, as are prolonged labor and traumatic delivery, which can cause intracranial hemorrhage. Any situation that interferes with fetal oxygen supply can produce brain damage and cerebral palsy. These include premature separation of the placenta, prolapsed cord, and excessive sedation during labor and delivery. Visual, hearing, and speech defects may be present. Mental retardation may or may not be a manifestation of the brain damage.
Treatment varies according to the nature and extent of brain damage.
Muscle relaxants may help reduce spasms. Anticonvulsant drugs are necessary when seizures are among the symptoms of the disorder. Orthopedic surgery, casts, braces, and traction can be used to correct some types of disability associated with cerebral palsy. Early muscle training and special exercises often help the child lead a useful, productive life. If muscle training is not begun early, extensive rehabilitation may be necessary to correct faulty habits and poor muscle patterns established by the child.