This demonstrates student either doesn't understand instructions or content or is unable to respond to an assigned topic. If student fails to use sources, raters cannot evaluate student's ability to use sources. In the case of repeating information in order, rater cannot determine student's ability to organize writing at either paragraph or essay level. In the case of student only using the article, it is difficult to evaluate the student's listening comprehension and ability to use and synthesize information from an aural source. Since 400 gives special attention to listening skills, students who fail to demonstrate listening ability should be placed in 400.
Student develops a main idea related to the topic and supports it with the sources.
There may still be lack of cohesion at the essay level. Essay contains overt plagiarism. There may be imperfect attempts at summarizing and paraphrasing and isolated incidents of direct copying of no more than a couple sentences. If the rest of the essay demonstrates student's writing is good, student can learn about plagiarism in 401. Citation of source is desirable but not necessary.