Character spacing algorithms are user agent-dependent. When the resultant space between two characters is not the same as the default space, user agents should not use ligatures. Conforming user agents may consider the value of the 'letter-spacing' property to be 'normal'. This value indicates inter-word space in addition to the default space between words. Values may be negative, but there may be implementation-specific limits.
Word spacing algorithms are user agent-dependent.
Puts all characters of each word in lowercase. The actual transformation in each case is written language dependent. This value prevents user agents from collapsing sequences of whitespace.