High speed registers. Access and update operations to retrieve or store a value in a memory location. Sequence control is concerned with controlling the sequence in which the primitive operations are executed. Data access is how the computer accesses the data. A typical computer gives each memory location an address and uses this address to access the data in that location.
Storage management is concerned with the allocation of memory for programs and data.
The operating environment includes those items that are outside the actual computer, such as peripheral devices. The machine language of the computer has all primitive instructions necessary for the operation of the computer. The primitive instructions are directly implemented by the hardware. The computer is microprogrammed using those instructions to define the interpretation cycle and other operations of the machine language. Translators and Software Simulation Translators and software simulation are used to solve the program of implementing a programming language.