K. Taylor Recent high-resolution meteorological data from the Pennines of northern England are used to study temporal variation in surface temperature lapse rates. Lapse rates are shallower for higher mean temperatures and for a moister atmosphere, but steeper under increased daytime solar input. At night windy conditions increase lapse rate. In addition, synoptic influences upon lapse rate are investigated. The diurnal lapse rate cycle increases under anticyclonic influences and when flow strength is weak.
Southerly airflows have shallower lapse rates.
Application of the above to consider possible climate change suggests that lapse rates should be shallower in a warmer moister atmosphere, but that synoptic controls are equally influential. The total area loss of the HPN due to frontal recession is about 64 km 2 . From the estimated ice thickness and thinning rates, a total ice loss of 152-310 km 3 was obtained for the 51 yr. Most glaciers have been retreating, with a few remaining almost stagnant, but two glaciers, P o XI and Perito Moreno, showed a net advance. The total area loss of the HPS due to recession was about 200 km 2 .