Planting deciduous trees like the common hackberry, bur oak and downy hawthorne provide shelter as well as food for eastern fox squirrels and various birds like the rufous-sided towhee and cedar waxwing. If they pose no hazard, dead trees can be left standing to provide safe cavities for wildlife. You can also install winter roosting boxes. Plans for roosting boxes are available from many books and can be purchased from your local bird shop. Putting out new birdhouses in the winter assures that they will be weathered and available for early nesting birds.
Winter is also a great time to create a brush pile.
By collecting yard debris like branches, twigs, and fallen leaves, you can create cover for birds and small mammals like cottontail rabbits, and at the same time offer a hibernation place for some species of turtles, salamanders and insects. The mourning cloak butterfly, for example, overwinters as an adult in woody debris and may use your brush pile. Many butterfly species and other insects will lay their eggs or overwinter as pupae in brush piles. Fallen leaves can also be used as mulch to protect plant roots from freezing temperatures, or composted and used as organic fertilizer next summer. Water can be scarce for wildlife in winter when natural sources are frozen.