Their effects can be monitored practically and specifically. Therefore they can be utilised as indicators of the public health effects of air pollution in urban areas 17,18 . People, because of occupation and living area, may be considered as high risk 19,20 . Organic lead compounds, such as tetra ethyl lead, are used extensively as fuel additives in Indonesia. An effect of organic lead is on heme biosynthesis.
Smoking adds to other sources of pollution.
In other words, the majority may well be worsened by combined ambient air and tobacco pollutants. Tobacco smoking is an important source of CO as a pollutant, and usually makes the largest contribution to the CO body burden in those who smoke 18,19 . The guideline for lead in air should be based on the concentration of lead in blood. In the population studied, average lead concentration was above acceptable. There were no differences in COHb between urban and rural populations, but there were significant differences in Pb level.