Expand the extracellular volume. Choice of fluid, route and rate of administration, and total volume to be infused dependent on the clinical circumstances. Colloid-containing solutions expand the intravascular compartment preferentially.
Whole blood is the most potent expander of the intravascular space.
Na to 125 rapidly, then gradually address. Chronic hyponatremia with a normal neurologic exam should be treated much more cautiously to avoid central pontine myelinolysis. In acute hypernatremia, the deficit can be replaced relatively rapidly. Respiratory acid-base disorders have slight effects on potassium. Mineralocorticoids Aldosterone increases distal tubular and collecting duct reabsorption of sodium and secretion of potassium.