Of course, the pavement temperatures have to be compatible with the effective operating temperatures for the chemical being applied. Problems can develop if heavy precipitation continues and the storm gets ahead of the anti-icing efforts. Heavy rain, freezing rain, or intense snowfall rates can cause a problem. Under these conditions you should switch to a normal de-icing approach to accomplish cleanup. They can be used at all temperatures and are especially valuable when it is too cold for chemical de-icers to work.
Sand is the most common abrasive, but slag, cinders, and bottom ash from power plants are also used.
Environmental impacts Abrasives used for winter road maintenance have some negative environmental impact. They can clog storm water inlets and sewers. Cleanup may be necessary in urban areas, on bridge decks, and in ditches. The materials may wash downstream and end up in streams and lakes. Abrasives must be treated with salt to keep them unfrozen and usable.