Iodine-containing molecules derived from tyrosine. Biosynthesis of Hormones. Synthesized on rough endoplasmic reticulum . Initially synthesized as larger protein molecules, called preprohormones , based on the nucleotide sequence of a specific gene. Synthesis takes place through the processes of transcription and translation.
Signal peptide is removed by enzymatic action.
Remaining protein is called a prohormone. Protein precursor to a peptide hormone or hormones. Packaged into secretory vesicles. Prohormone is enzymatically cleaved within secretory vesicles, yielding one or more hormones and other peptide fragments. Amino acid sequences and genetic codes of most hormones have been identified.