Groundwater over-exploitation is a major problem in many countries. Wetlands and saltwater are damaged as a result. Over-abstraction is one of several factors contributing to the disappearance of rivers and the drying out of wetlands. Recent figures are more positive as increased public awareness and shifts in management strategy have reduced losses and increased efficiency and recycling. Agriculture puts many demands on water resources, especially in accession countries and in southern Europe.
Tourism depletes water supplies, especially in national economies such as Austria and Spain.