Few direct dischargers of toxic pollution to the sound can be identified indicating that nonpoint sources of pollution are probably more significant. Potential nonpoint sources of pollutants include marinas, river basin discharge and solid and hazardous waste sites. Seventeen marinas exist within the drainage basin, with the largest concentrations occurring at Hatteras, Ocracoke, and in Rose Bay. Two Superfund sites are located along the Outer Banks near Salvo and Buxton. The Tar-Pamlico basin has several rare natural communities and rare species habitats.
Wetlands are vital to water quality enhancement, wildlife habitat protection, and flood control.
Historical observation records indicate that SAV has almost completely disappeared in the Pamlico River. Recent research also suggests that nitrate over-enrichment may be a factor. Government parks and refuges offer protection to some of the basin's vital habitats. Approximately 12,000 acres are held in National Wildlife Refuges. The state retains 6,500 acres for game lands, and an additional 3,500 acres for parks.