Transpiration rates in arid-region plants can be even higher. Water molecules are hydrogen bonded to each other. Water lost from the leaves causes diffusion of additional water molecules out of the leaf vein xylem, creating a tug on water molecules along the water columns within the xylem. The loss of water from the root xylem allows additional water to pass throught the endodermis into the root xylem. Cohesion is the ability of molecules of the same kind to stick together.
Water molecules are polar, having slight positive and negative sides, which causes their cohesion.
Inside the xylem, water molecules are in a long chain extending from the roots to the leaves. Adhesion is the tendency of molecules of different kinds to stick together. Water sticks to the cellulose molecules in the walls of the xylem, counteracting the force of gravity and aiding the rise of water within the xylem. Cohesion-Adhesion Theory Transpiration exerts a pull on the water column within the xylem. The lost water molecules are replaced by water from the xylem of the leaf veins, causing a tug on water in the xylem.