The propositional calculus. Learn more about it. Click on the cover to order this book.
Scientists use mathematical logic when everyone else uses statistics.
Here are two examples of how this lets scientists gain knowledge long before it becomes believable to doctors, the government, corporations, or the public. But scientists always knew that malaria was not caused by swamp gas because there were people who got malaria without being exposed to swamp gas, and there were people exposed to swamp gas who never got malaria. Let's look at what this means in a modern context. You can use statistics to prove that smoking is a risk factor for lung cancer. Most doctors think this means that smoking causes lung cancer just as they thought swamp gas causes malaria.