Agawam, Enfield, and Merrimac soils are on nearby outwash terraces and are underlain by stratified sand or sand and gravel. Canton and Sutton soils do not have a dense substratum. Hollis soils have bedrock within a depth of 10 to 20 inches. Leicester, Ridgebury, Stissing, and Wilbraham soils are poorly drained. Mansfield, Menlo, and Whitman soils are very poorly drained.
Surface runoff is medium to rapid.
Permeability is moderate in the solum and slow or very slow in the substratum. Many areas are cleared and used for cultivated crops, hay or pasture. Scattered areas are used for community development. Some areas are wooded. Common trees are red and white oak, hickory, sugar maple, ash, yellow poplar, white pine, and hemlock.