Which of the following is not an advantage of a managerial role compared to an employee position Managers function more independently and receive less reinforcement Managers have more communication with top management Managers have more opportunities for personal and professional growth. Managers have more influence over goals and direction. Supervisory managers may feel caught in the middle because they are responsible for meeting the expectations of both top management and employees. Top managers spend most of their energy in long-term planning and in recruiting the right people to carry out the plans. Middle management spends equal time and energy in the five managerial functions.
Supervisory management focuses most on the directing function.
Top management is not involved in the directing function. Based on a study, high-achieving managers practiced all of the following except provided job security and status symbols to employees.