This is sometimes also known as instruction look-ahead. See also MISD . That is, the instructions are not necessarily issued in the order specified by the programmer, but in an order that optimally uses the registers, functional units and memory paths of the computer, while at the same time guaranteeing correct results for the computation. Programs expressed in a high level language must ultimately be reduced to these. See also true ratio .
Some examples are bus, mesh, hypercube and Omega networks.
For example, memory bank conflicts for a user's code in global memory architectures are caused by other processors running independent applications. A system whose processes communicate by message passing in such a way that when a message is delivered to its destination process it interrupts execution of that process and initiates execution of an interrupt handler process, which stores the message for subsequent retrieval. A routing algorithm that assigns an integer identifier to each possible destination and then labels the outgoing links of each node with a single contiguous interval or window so that a message can be routed simply by sending it out the link in whose interval its destination identifier falls. The variable is read only, it is never assigned a new value. The internet protocol that defines the unit of information passed between systems that provides a basis packet devlivery service.