Bakery waste can also supply starch and replace some grains in the ration. Soybean hulls or flakes are sources of digestible fiber. They can replace starch or grains in dairy rations. They should not be used to replace forages unless excess fiber is being fed. Soybean hulls do not stimulate chewing and rumination the way forages do.
Wheat middlings are moderate in protein and energy.
High levels in concentrates can result in low energy concentration and reduced milk production. Cottonseed hulls and whole seeds are feeds that can substitute for some of the forage because they stimulate chewing and rumination. Both have relatively high levels of fiber. Cottonseed hulls can stimulate feed consumption when fed with other feeds. Roasted soybeans are better utilized than raw, unprocessed beans especially for non-ruminants.