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It's amazing what one can do just by putting atoms where you want them. At this scale researchers are learning to manipulate individual atoms, an ability that experts testified could lead to revolutions in materials design, manufacturing, medicine, electronics, energy, and numerous other fields of human endeavor. It is the point where the smallest man-made things meet nature. Instead of discovering new phenomena by accident, he said, scientists can now look for them systematically or design them to order. They noted that, although many future applications were apparent, much basic research was needed before companies could be assured of returning a profit from investment in the field.