The desert kangaroo rat has long loops of Henle, only comes out at night, and conserves water by using its long nose as a water condenser. So does the camel. The desert ground squirrel avoids predators by coming out in the day, allows its body to heat up and then rushes back to its burrow and plasters itself against the cool burrow walls to cool off so it doesn't have to sweat. Insects use uric acid as a nitrogenous waste product and some can produce a hypertonic feces. Some desert animals urinate on their legs to cool themselves - dual purpose water.
Some invertebrates can allow themselves to dehydrate without cellular harm.
Be able to define the new terms used. For each of the animals mentioned be able to enumerate their osmotic problems and their unique behavioral, anatomical and physiological solutions to these problems. Match a part of the nephron with its functions. Discussion Which is more osmotically stressful for a marine fish - eating other fish or eating squid.