Examples of the apparent direct impacts of global warming on the fauna are the rapid shrinkage of the snow grouse habitat and population, and the introduction in the territory of Belarus of new bird species typical for steppes and foreststeppes, One of the most pronounced manifestations of changes in the ecology of certain bird species caused by technogenic thermal pollution of the water reservoirs and the global climate warming is the rapid increase of species variety and populations of wintering helobious birds. Antropogenic threats to biological diversity in different social and economic spheres. These phenomena are still in progress. Particularly adverse are extensive economic activities with encroachment on new natural territories, ecologically unjustified reclamation of marshlands and mires with further negligent operation, technological violations in the application of chemical sprays and fertilisers, pollution with industrial waste, poaching, recreational pressures resulting in intrusions into ecosystems, and the development of the transport network. They are made even more serious by the ecological ignorance and irresponsibility of the managers and the population at large and lack of economic mechanisms to stimulate environment protection.
Water resources are especially vulnerable to the pollution from cities and industrial centres.
The discharged waste leads to enhanced eutrophication of the water systems with consequent distortion of the diversity of flora and fauna. This is a real ecological disaster for rivers and water reservoirs. It contains mostly suspended matter, oil products and heavy metals. Thus, in the present conditions, towns may be considered as a permanent threat to the biological diversity of the Belarusian water ecosystems Transport and road construction. This threat is especially acute when transport arteries cross protected areas like the Berezina Biosphere Reserve.