Other causes of respiratory infection are heart problems leading to fluid in the lungs, regurgitation of food from the stomach into the lungs, and weakened immune systems. Sleep apnea, temporary stopping of breathing during sleep, is also sometimes seen in children with Down syndrome. Sleep apnea is often caused by the adenoids or tonsils being too large for the size of the mouth. Symptoms of sleep apnea include restlessness, noisy breathing, and snoring. This can be a serious problem since the baby may have reduced oxygen levels to the brain.
Treatment can include removing the tonsils or adenoids.
Children with Down syndrome experience a wide range of orthopedic problems due to their loose ligaments and hypotonia. Some of these conditions may not produce any symptoms while others may require surgery depending on the severity. This is a condition called atlanto-axial instability . This condition, if not diagnosed, can lead to spinal cord damage which can lead to paralysis or death. It is important that children with Down syndrome be screened for this condition.