Unless there is a family history of Nf2, diagnosis is often very difficult. With no outward signs, in most instances substantial hearing loss has occurred before Nf2 is suspected.
Surgery is often the only treatment and facial paralysis is, in many cases, unavoidable.
Nf2 is always serious. The morbidity and mortality of the disease is largely determined by which complications develop. Recent studies, however, have drawn attention to the significant morbidity in terms of psychological well-being caused by the cutaneous neurofibromas themselves. There is no actual preventative treatment for any of the disease features. Treatment for many of the complications is the same as when they occur is isolation in the general population.