While vitamin C supplement use had no effect on risk for symptom less gallstones, women who used vitamin C supplements had a lower risk of being diagnosed with symptom-causing gallbladder disease. Bypass surgery alone is not a long-term cure for coronary heart disease. According to researchers from Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, most women still have major heart attack risk factors, including high cholesterol and high blood pressure within a year of having bypass surgery. The authors noted that because most women underestimate the need to change their behavior after diagnosis and treatment, health care professionals need to teach patients how to reduce their risks for future cardiac events. Women are less likely than men to undergo testing for congestive heart failure.
Women are more likely to be tested for causes of heart failure other than coronary catherization.
In one study, women with the gene irregularity retained more weight than women with different gene versions, yet with daily exercise, were just as likely to lose the added weight as other women. In a separate study, the same gene irregularity was linked to babies born an average of 1 lb. The authors suggest that this gene abnormality is related to irregularities in metabolism. Swedish scientists suggest that the increase in single parents could have significant health implications. In addition, single mothers were less educated and more likely to be unemployed.