The variety of documents cited changes considerably. However, citations usually only consider the basic works in the field. The references cited by authors on a particular subject include a number of documents which show a stable pattern, and are being cited in every article on the subject. This is a sign of a scientific community which is consolidated on the basis of cognitive remedies described in key documents. In the ideal situation, these processes lead to the birth of new specialties.
Specialties are the structural unit of the profession.
The profession forms as a result of social recognition of the scientific community's activity. Social recognition means that the results of research are introduced into the lives of everyday people. Thus, the profession is secondary to the research activity on the cutting-edge of science. The nucleus of cognitive structures of the profession is the result. The specific informational function of the profession is assimilation and transmission of knowledge, taking into account the scientific work previously done.