There are one or more tRNA types, specified by different genes, for EACH amino acid. Anticodon loop, capable of complementary base pairing to a codon on the message. May contain the unusual base inosine , which is capable of binding to more than one base. Otherwise, the cell would need more than 60 different tRNAs. Ribosome binding and tRNA transferase recognition.
Translation requires initiation , elongation , and termination .
Translation is performed by the ribosome , an organelle composed of more than fifty different proteins plus two structural rRNAs, each part of the 30s subunit or the 70s subunit. Note that this entire process requires tRNAs continually being charged with their respective amino acids, by tRNA transferase enzymes. The 50s subunit now binds, creating the A site. Each new aminoacyl-tRNA enters at the A site, where it transfers the amino end of its amino acid to the carboxylic end of the nascent chain. DNA replication, RNA transcription, and protein translation take lots of energy.