Strains refer to a stretching of a muscle or muscle tendon that can range from a minute tear in muscle fiber to a complete separation of the muscle tendon. Sprains refer to a stretching of ligaments that connects bone to bone.
Specific treatment depends on the joint involved and the degree of injury.
Discontinue use of the injured joint immediately. Further immobilization by use of a splint or crutches may be recommended for a short period of time to prevent further injury. Ice application to the affected joint as soon as possible after injury occurs will reduce swelling and pain and minimize the inflammatory process. When cold is applied, it will deeply penetrate the soft tissue which will slow down the blood flow to the area, reducing swelling and causing numbing of the nerve endings. Although it is uncomfortable, it is important to tolerate the cold.