They vary because of differences in sun and shade as well as wind patterns, topography, soil, plants, structures, and other materials. Even the smallest microclimates, such as behind a rock or hedge, should be taken into consideration for appropriate plant placement. The most significant microclimates on your site are created by sun and shade patterns which in turn affect temperature, soil moisture, and plant growth, as well as your own physical comfort. The more directly and longer the sun strikes an area, the warmer the area becomes and the greater the variance between sun and shade. At high elevations, microclimates are even more pronounced.
Sunny areas feel very warm, while shady areas are quite cool.
Getting to know our microclimates is important. There is no substitute for spending time in the landscape at different times of the day and season to understand sun, shade, and wind patterns, and the extent of shadows and their density. Look at all the objects that cast shadows, pay attention to wind, watch plant responses to morning and afternoon sun, and note how heavy precipitation and times of drought affect your site. Once you have familiarized yourself with the microclimates, make a copy of the completed base plan or use a tissue overlay. With a few crayons, summarize microclimates and soil conditions with colors.