Additionally, dissimilar barriers between different countries can make trade more cumbersome and costly. In all probability, barriers will soon also address products made from animals with Johne's disease. These products currently are free of restrictions in all international markets. Slowed global genetic improvement Dissemination of genetically superior livestock can be hindered by the perception that the buyer is free of disease and the seller has some degree of prevalence. Actual genetic improvement will be prevented through the purchase, often with scarce resources, of untested and infected animals that then infect the recipient herd.
Zoological parks exist on every continent.
Johne's disease is a threat to the continued health and propagation of these rare collections. Conclusions based on interpretations of different tests applied in varying manners can be more expensive and unproductive than having made no conclusions at all. Testing methodology, results interpretation and the successes and failures in management application of test results should be shared among countries. The direct and indirect costs of Johne's disease stem from many realms. An additional loss for developing nations is an impairment of economic development programs, as investments in livestock are wasted.