In all cases tested, S-class events produced fragment trains with orientations, sizes, and spacings consistent with observed catenae. In many cases, the shed fragments go into orbit around the progenitor, producing binary asteroids. If these binaries were to hit a planet at a later time, they would produce two distinct craters. In this disruption class, tidal forces frequently reshape the rubble pile while spinning it up. The three main tidal disruption outcome classes.
Time proceeds from top to bottom in each column.
Some frames undergo scale changes to show ejected clumps and particles.