Common problems include soft testicles, abnormal epididymides, frostbite damage, adhesions, excessive fat, deviation in the size of testicles, and abnormal shape or size. Scrotal circumference is then measured. The scrotal circumference is an accurate indicator of semen production, semen quality and puberty. These bulls have a better potential of being satisfactory breeders. Their offspring also will reach puberty earlier than offspring from bulls with smaller testicles, so heifers from these above-average bulls, when selected as replacements, will contribute to the fertility of the herd.
Semen quality is the third fundamental requirement that is examined.
A bull is classified as a satisfactory potential breeder if he is physically sound and has acceptable semen quality. A satisfactory classification does not predict a bull's libido, however. A bull with an abnormality or below average scrotal circumference or marginal semen quality would be classified a questionable breeder. Some bulls with a questionable classification will become satisfactory in time if the original problem can be resolved. You may choose to defer a classification with some yearling bulls that lack maturity when the evaluation is performed.