Much inhalant use is experimental and it often occurs as a group activity. Inhalation is accomplished in a variety of ways. The volatile substances may be poured or sprayed into a plastic bag and inhaled. Liquid hydrocarbons such as solvents or cleaning fluids can be inhaled from soaked rags placed over the mouth and nose. The chemicals in most inhalants are rapidly absorbed in the lungs and exert their central nervous system effects within seconds, producing an altered mental state for about five to 15 minutes.
Tolerance often develops in chronic users, but withdrawal symptoms are rare.
Immediate effects of inhalants include nausea, sneezing, coughing, nosebleed, fatigue, lack of coordination and loss of appetite. Solvents and aerosol sprays can decrease the heart and respiratory rates as well as impair judgment. Amyl and butyl nitrite can cause rapid pulse, headaches, and involuntary passing of urine and feces. Long-term use may result in hepatitis or brain hemorrhage. Disorientation, violent behavior, unconsciousness, or death can occur by deeply inhaling the vapors or using large amounts over a short period of time.