He concluded that a major decline in red meat consumption would, however, dramatically decrease land needs. He also determined that meeting food needs in the winter would be assisted by the use of greenhouses, indoor gardening, canning, freezing and drying. She examined, in a dynamic fashion, changes in Canadian demographics to the year 2031, desirable health promoting changes in the Canadian diet, and sustainable food production systems. Overall, Canada could be exporting grains, pulses, oilseeds and potatoes. A ratio of 1 means total self-sufficiency in land to produce the particular food for the population.
Some European studies are also informative for the Canadian situation.
Finland has been more successful than Norway. The country has been self-sufficient in all basic foodstuffs, except fruits and vegetables, for many years. These studies, though limited in number and sometimes in concept, suggest that a similar, if not higher degree of self-reliance is attainable in Canada. The financial opportunities and hardships, however, remain unknown. As discussed above, conventional economic analyses are unsuited to this kind of macroeconomic assessment.