Papillary carcinoma is the most common and usually affects women of child-bearing age. It metastasizes slowly and is the least malignant type of thyroid cancer. Medullary carcinoma can produce symptoms similar to Cushing's syndrome and tends to occur in families. It metastasizes quickly and invades nearby structures such as the trachea, causing compression and breathing difficulties . An examination of the thyroid reveals single or multiple nodules .
Treatment varies depending on the type of tumor.
A partial or total surgical resection of the thyroid gland with resection of lymph nodes or radical neck dissection may be necessary. Radiation therapy with radioactive iodine is sometimes used. The stress of illness can often be helped by joining a support group where members share common experiences and problems. See cancer - support group . One variety of this cancer, the giant cell type, cares an expected life span of less than 6 months after diagnosis.