Dept of Ed sets standards and tests for balance in teachers. Need to correct teachers' image of sciecne and make it self-motivating. Give distance and time scales meaning, understand the limitations of science, sensitive to science vs religion.
Students are often ill prepared, and science, math and techno-phobic.
Strongly engaged students have a prosedural way of knowing - Earth science is often more effective at engaging students. MS teacher participant Paul Varsho attended all the labs, observed classes and critiqued lessons. He learned more geology, and better understood what student teachers are learning in the science course. Conversely, Karen learned more about what goes on in a middle school classroom. Offers pre-service teachers their first chance to observe an Earth Science classroom.