The dipstick results, which are based on naked eye evaluations of the degree of surface color intensity, are available in 90 minutes and are not dependent on instrumentation. There was good correlation between the results of standard screening tests and the visual color assessments for this test. Several investigators supported by this program have developed tests that do not rely on antibody formation. In an effort to adapt PCR technology for use in the clinical laboratory and blood bank settings, he developed an assay that combines the high sensitivity and specificity of testing methods that detect DNA and RNA with the technical conveniences of the currently used enzyme immunoassay systems. Although the test in its current form is still too complex for individuals in most blood banks to perform, it has nevertheless provided a valuable research tool for verifying infection.
Work continues to simplify the procedure so that it can be used in less sophisticated laboratories.
Other uses for the PCR were investigated in this program. It was proven invaluable in evaluating the amount of virus in an infected individual's blood and in determining the rate at which HIV replicates. The PCR technique is currently used in clinical trials for monitoring the success of various forms of HIV therapy. The program ended in 1992. Donors were people with high-risk lifestyles.