It was reported that this would produce beer at half the average cost of other breweries. The resulting pattern in terms of the brewing industry was a smaller number of breweries each commanding a larger market. The most important methods of increasing production and yet decreasing costs consists of a modification to processes. Malt produced from barley is mixed with hot water. Hops are added to the wart, which is boiled to extract oil and resin flavours from the hops.
Yeast is added convering fermentable sugars into alcohol.
This process lasts for two to three days. The introduction of continuous mashing and continuous fermentation processes takes the place of existing mash tuns and fermentation vats. Similar economies of scale can be seen in this continuous process where larger mashing tuns and fermentation vats are used increasing output further. This takes up more space, but often breweries have to find space somewhere as these new innovations lower the unit cost of beer dramatically. As plant size increases it becomes increasingly justifiable to introduce costly labour saving devices.