Secondly, there are changes the shorten the text. Thirdly, there are changes that do not add or shorten the text. Finally, there are deliberate changes in the text. Let us look at reasons for the expansion of the text. This may be done for clarity or emphasis.
Some cities are just updated with their new name.
Explicitation is making the implicit explicit which expands the text. Secondly, let us look at reasons for the shortening of the text. Thirdly, let us look at the reasons for changes in the text that do not change the length of the text. Lastly, let us look at the reasons for deliberate changes. A scribe deliberately changes one or more letters to disguise the text.