This document may be used, with this header included, for noncommercial purposes within a subscribed institution . No copies of this work may be distributed electronically outside of the subscribed institution, in whole or in part, without written permission from the JHU Press . The overall coloration is usually brown, dark gray, or black. Most species have various white, yellowish, or black markings on the head, shoulders, rump, limbs, or tail. T. obscurus and T. phayrei have conspicuous white circles around the eyes.
Some species have a pointed crest on top of the head.
The coat of the newborn is bright yellow or orange-red. The well-studied species T. johnii inhabits upland forests and is more arboreal than is Semnopithecus entellus. It may shift its range in the course of a year, in response to the fruiting and flowering seasons of various plants. Population densities of 116-327 per sq km have been reported for T. vetulus, of Sri Lanka. No intergroup aggression has been noted in T. geei, but T. vetulus is highly territorial, and adult males defend the entire home range of 1-10 ha.