Emphasis will be on sulphate aerosols, for which the region has been regarded as one of the largest sources historically in Africa. Although X-rays have no intrinsic surface sensitivity, synchrotron radiation is a useful surface probe. By measuring the distribution of diffracted intensities along the crystal truncation rods in reciprocal space, and comparing these with model calculations, the structure of each surface could be determined, and compared with the results obtained by other methods. ON Surfaces have been studied for a number of years now. They are not simply the termination of the bulk of the material.
Surfaces have a chemistry of their own.
Diamond surfaces have been shown to have a number of terminations. These are hydrogen termination, partial oxygen coverage or surface reconstruction of clean surfaces. The type of termination plays a roll in the chemistry and electronic properties of the diamond. This talk will concentrate on the oxygen coverage of low index diamond surfaces, studied using various ion beam analysis techniques.