These constructs are important evaluation tools that range from simple tests such as currency of information to sophisticated statistical measurements. These tools all search for weaknesses in research theory, design, and technique. Reliability denotes the degree to which we can depend upon the integrity of the data. In the complex and often transient electronic information environments available now, reliability is becoming more critical. Often only current information is available electronically which can be misleading and lead to an invalid conclusion.
Validity refers to the extent the research has measured what it was intended to measure.
In one sense it is evaluated on the degree to which it can be taken from the theoretical arena and applied effectively to actual or future time activities, policies or procedures. The validity inherent in the final outcome of a project or paper may be difficult for a student to determine. Certain standards, however, can be used to teach the concept of validity and to have students apply it in their studies. For instance, if a problem or event is consistent with past or alternative measures or information, it takes on a certain credibility. The ability to predict events or behavior also helps to indicate validity.