The soils formed in sandy-skeletal outwash with or without a thin loamy mantle. These sediments are Late Wisconsin in age. Mean annual temperature is approximately 45 to 52 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation is approximately 26 to 32 inches. The main ones are Estherville and Wadena soils, which formed over similar textured outwash but have a thicker loamy mantle. Permeability is very rapid.
Surface runoff is slow.
They are used mostly for hay or pasture or as a source of gravel. Native vegetation was tall grass prairie. Wright County, Minnesota, 1965.