A genetic disease in which the hemoglobin protein is mutated, giving red blood cells a twisted shape that may painfully block circulation. This often leads to medical crises and may cause an early death. The recessive disease occurs in children who have inherited the mutated gene from both their parents, mostly among people of African or Mediterranean origin. Separation becomes necessary when genes are being transcribed or when DNA is replicated prior to cell division. In multicellular organisms, a cell of the soma, or tissues, as opposed to a cell of the germ line, or sex cell.
Transcription see gene transcription.
Transgenic mice Mice that have a foreign gene introduced into their cells. Translation see gene translation. A gene that helps prevent the transformation of normal cells into cancer cells. When both copies of a tumor-suppressor gene are mutated in a cell, however, the lack of suppression may lead to the development of cancer. One of the chromosomes involved in sex determination.