During a needle biopsy, the surgeon makes a small hole in the bone and removes a sample of tissue from the tumor with a needle-like instrument. In an incisional biopsy, the surgeon cuts into the tumor and removes a sample of tissue. Biopsies are best done by orthopedic oncologists doctors experienced in the diagnosis of bone cancer. A pathologist a doctor who identifies disease by studying cells and tissues under a microscope examines the tissue to determine whether it is cancerous. Treatment options depend on the type, size, location, and stage of the cancer, as well as the person's age and general health.
Surgery is often the primary treatment.
When appropriate, surgeons avoid amputation by removing only the cancerous section of the bone and replacing it with an artificial device called a prosthesis . Chemotherapy and radiation may also be used alone or in combination. Because of the tendency for Ewing's sarcoma to metastasize rapidly, multidrug chemotherapy is often used, in addition to radiation therapy or surgery on the primary tumor . Clinical trials are a critical step in the development of new methods of treatment. Before any new treatment can be recommended for general use, doctors conduct clinical trials to find out whether the treatment is safe for patients and effective against the disease.