Tools such as stethoscopes should be cleaned regularly with a paper towel, soap and water, or an alcohol wipe. Any tool or piece of equipment that becomes contaminated with blood should be disinfected. Equipment that is rarely cleaned, such as pens, charts and computer keyboards, may also be a source of contamination. The best way to avoid spreading the contamination is to regularly wash the hands. Whenever feasible, disposable supplies should be used.
Sterilization destroys all forms of microbial life.
Disinfection reduces, but does not eliminate, microbes. Cleaning simply removes foreign material. Antisepsis is the process used to decontaminate skin. All equipment should be cleaned regularly and stored where it will not become contaminated. Instruments that penetrate the patient must be sterile.