The elevated testosterone provides negative feedback to the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus causing decreases in GnRH and LH release. FSH stimulates the Sertoli cells to produce androgen-binding protein and a protein hormone called inhibin. Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and estradiol are also capable of inhibiting FSH secretion. This most common cause of scrotal enlargement is caused by an accumulation of clear or straw colored fluid. It can be idiopathic, but also occurs following an inflammation of the testis, epididymis, injury or neoplasm.
Treatment is by aspiration or incision, if the hydrocele is large and uncomfortable.
This dilation of the testicular venous supply, resembling a varicose vein, usually affects the left side in men between 15 and 25 years of age. Varicocele can cause subfertility because of the added warmth. Both motility and numbers of sperm are decreased and surgical ligation of the internal spermatic vein is performed in extreme cases or to increase fertility. However, varicocele usually doesn't require any treatment. Torsion of the Testis Manifestations of this infrequent anomoly are sudden onset of severe pain in the testicular area that is not relieved by rest or support.