For the hereditary variant, prophylaxis with epsilonaminocaproic acid and fresh frozen plasma is occasionally recommended. Obstructive subglottic lesions, such as granulomas or thin webs, can be removed through the endoscope. Longer stenotic segments usually require an open procedure. Bone or cartilage can also be used to stent the anterior and posterior airway to increase lumen diameter. Bilateral vocal fold paralysis may resolve spontaneously, though recovery may take 12 months or more.
Tracheotomy is often necessary for immediate treatment.
The airway can be improved by transection of the vocal fold or partial resection of the arytenoid and the vocal fold. Glottic stenosis due to soft tissue scarring in the interarytenoid region is very difficult to treat. The scar tissue can be easily removed through the laryngoscope with the a carbon-dioxide laser, but there is a high rate of recurrence. Various open neck procedures with bone or cartilage stenting of the posterior cricoid cartilage have been used with improved results, but also with greater surgical risks. Treatment for squamous cell cancer is a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, depending on the extent of the tumor.