They formed in residuum of interbedded limestone, calcareous shale, and siltstone. Permeability is slow. The average annual precipitation is about 45 inches and the average annual temperature is about 55 degrees F. Slopes range from 0 to 25 percent. Solum thickness ranges from 30 to 50 inches. Depth to bedrock ranges from 40 to 60 inches.
Soil reaction ranges from strongly acid to mildly alkaline in the the A and B horizons.
Reaction in the BC and C horizons range from medium acid to mildly alkaline. Coarse fragments of limestone, siltstone, and shale range from 0 to 14 percent in the Ap and Bt horizons, and 0 to 35 percent in the BC and C horizons. The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam. Some pedons have BA horizons with hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6.