While some forms first become apparent in infancy or childhood, others may not appear until middle age or later. Duchenne and Becker are the most common types of MD and they occur in the male sex. However, she is a carrier of the disease and has a 50 percent chance of passing it to her sons. Her daughters each have a 50 percent chance of inheriting the gene and being carriers of the disorder. Moderate exercise programs and physical therapy can minimize contractures, and certain exercises may prevent or delay scoliosis.
Surgery can sometimes be helpful in relieving muscle shortening.
In addition, respiratory care for some individuals with MD may also help. However, these potent anti-inflammatory drugs, used for many conditions besides MD, have serious side effects, such as weight gain, bone loss, cataracts, skin problems, high blood pressure, susceptibility to infection, and psychological difficulties. Researchers are testing new corticosteroids that may have fewer side effects. Researchers have developed accurate protein and DNA-based carrier detection tests for families affected by Duchenne and Becker MDs. Carrier testing for other types of MD is being developed.