Keep in mind this was the late 1970s, and the California Achievement Tests being given in Austin were hardly high stakes by today's standards. Old tests with some current items were used for practice, test vocabulary was integrated into lessons, the timing of administrations was loose, weak students were advised to stay home and helpful hints were offered by proctors. The tests did not matter very much to teachers and principals. Yet times were changing. Everyday Cheaters I use the term cheat here to mean a broad category of actions that result in a false representation of a student's own or a school's average level of knowledge and skills.
Some people cheat on their income taxes because they believe the tax code is unfair.
That is why we audit. Some people cheat on their credit applications because they believe they are now reliable regardless of their own credit history. That is why we check out their credit history. Some people cheat in sports because they are embarrassed to do poorly. That is why we have referees and umpires.