Speech performance can be compared to standardized peer group norms. Pre and post measures make outcomes easier to evaluate. Computers can measure several speech qualities simultaneously. Voice and resonance measures can be taken at the same time. Endoscopic view of velopharyngeal port opened and closed Fig.
V labels the velum and A labels the adenoids.
Velopharyngeal port closed during speech. Note that the velum contacts the adenoids in this patient. 2b Lateral radiograph pre and post sphincter pharyngoplasty Fig. The VPI developed as the adenoids became smaller. Postoperative radiograph of same patient.