Please note that reflection, refraction, and diffraction are general phenomena of waves, regardless of the sort of waves. Sound waves, light waves, and water waves all do these things. Tides Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun on Earth's oceans. The solid Earth also has tides, but they are much smaller than typical ocean tides. I will call the difference in height between the highest high tide and lowest low tide on a given day the tidal range .
Tidal range varies widely around the world.
The tidal range is highest in narrow, shallow, constricted harbors and lowest in the open ocean. The tidal range also varies over the course of a month in a given location. 1 March has a very high tidal range in San Diego, while 10 March has a very low tidal range. Figure 17.10 shows the answer. The lunar and solar tidal bulges don't line up as before, but in fact are perpendicular to each other, lowering the high tides and raising the low tides, and in the end decreasing the tidal range.