Emboli may also complicate myocardial infarction,cardiac valvular disease, and congestive cardiac disease. The increased risk is particularly marked in those who have previously experienced transient ischaemic attacks. There is an increased risk of transient ischaemic attacks and embolic, thrombotic and haemorrhagic strokes. The risk is greatest over the age of 35, with prolonged use of the contraceptive pill, a history of migraine, cigarette smoking, and the presence of diabetes or hyperlipidaemia. The younger age groups are particularly vulnerable, but the also occur in older patients, and they may be recurrent.
Venous thrombosis is the more common and increases the chance of paradoxical embolus.
When they involve arteries, the brain is the most common site. The two most relevant antibodies are anticardiolipin and lupus anticoagulant.