There are other therapeutic approaches that are more useful. Unlike psychoanalysis, however, these methods rarely delve into the metaphysical or unconscious aspects of thought patterns or behavior. Instead, therapists in these disciplines address specific symptoms with targeted intervention techniques. Clients may even have homework assignments that involve applying the lessons learned in therapy to real life. In most cases, intervention is seen as a short-term process, although because of the chronic and fluctuating nature of their illness, many people with manic depression will need ongoing therapeutic help.
Some therapists are specialists in a particular method.
Jungian therapists use psychoanalysis-like techniques based on the theories of Freud's contemporary, Carl Jung. Holistic psychologists or therapists suggest diet changes, meditation, and other interventions. There are other specialized therapy styles. Most of these methods, while interesting, have not shown any particular usefulness for bipolar disorders. The goals of therapy are usually set by the client in concert with her therapist and, in the case of children, with the child's parents or other caretakers.