In other words, society is not only studied, but the findings are applied selectively to subsequently alter social practices. Given the developments in information science, however, what science must ultimately adopt is a triple hermeneutic. What they all point to however, is the aforementioned perspective of the reflective practitioner. Expectations should be based on probabilities rather than certainties. Furthermore, while people learn, circumstances and concepts change.
Science is a construct just as surely as is technology.
We collectively fashion our symbolic tools in social processes very similar to those that produce our control devices. But whether passively observing or dynamically intervening, we should do so reflectively. This is obvious now that our conceptualization of information has been naturalized. Whether this occurs in science or elsewhere, it is a marvel, but not a mystery. The generation, processing, storage, or transmission of information, all conform to the Laws of Informatics.