A metering pump delivers the solution to an injection point in the treatment systems. The most common sources of chlorine used in treatment plants can be from chlorine gas or sodium hypochlorite. We converted to sodium hypolchlorite in the April of 1999 for safety reasons and cost effectivness mostlly. Some of the waterborne diseases are gastroenteritis, typhoid, dysentery, cholera, infectious hepatitis, amebic dysentery, giardiasis, disease caused by cryptosporidium organisms and others. Some pathogens are resistant to chlorine, and chlorination alone cannot ensure safe drinking water.
Surface waters are more susceptible to contamination with pathogens than ground waters.
When chlorine is added to the water, it forms hypochlorous acid, one of two forms of free chlorine that is the most effective disinfectant. Chlorine combines with impurities in the raw water and enough chlorine must be added to react with these impurities to the point where the additional addition of chlorine results in free chlorine, meaning it has reacted with everything it is going to react with. The free chlorine indicates enough chlorine is available to disinfect the water. Chlorine must contact the organism to kill it. Turbidity, tiny particles of dirt and other impurities in water, can physically prevent this contact.