These particles fly outward creating the solar wind. It contains mostly protons and electrons. Particles that are caught in the magnetic field of the Earth create such sights at the auroras near the poles. Sunspots Sunspots are regions of intense magnetic activity on the surface of the sun. Sunspots glow very bright, but compared to the photosphere, are cooler by 1000 K and relatively dark.
Sunspots appear in pairs, one the positive terminal, the other the negative terminal.
Galileo, who saw the sunspots traversing the surface, found the first evidence that the sun rotated on its axis every 25 days. Sunspot activity peaks and ebbs on an eleven-year cycle. The eleven-year cycle is explained as a result of the sun exhibiting differential rotation. Thus, the magnetic fields get tangled. When the fields burst through the surface, they form sunspot pairs.