Larger immersion factor- requires a larger anode. Cathodic current density- of interest. Current density is given by electric field at cathode. Electric field is denser at uneven areas- cylinder ends, closures around cathode surface. Increased roughness of deposit.
Water is split into hydrogen and oxygen.
Voltage limits- maintained by increase of T of electrolyte, adjusting concentrations of electrolyte. The closer the distance, the lower the resistance. Higher temperature- electrolyte more conductive, higher current densities can be achieved for faster plating. T important for additives behavior in the solution. T- control systems.