Effects of improper tuning. Proper tuning results in less cycling and quicker settling. To properly tune a control loop, do a bump test on the process and measure Process Gain, Dead Time, Lag Time. Then use a proven tuning rule to calculate controller settings. Where possible, use simulations for fine-tuning.
Software tools are available for control loop optimization.
These are quick and easy to use and they get the right numbers the first time round. Optimization tools produce graphic simulations of control loop response to provide more insight into the tuning process. Some of these tools also do hysteresis, stiction, and linearity diagnostics and report writing. Conclusion Most control loops have deficiencies that reduce control loop performance, regardless of how well the controller is tuned. Before attempting to tune a control loop, check the valve for hysteresis, stiction and nonlinearity and have all problems attended to.