The success of potential rescue operations requires the development and implementation of plans based on knowledge of the frequency and maximum runout of large avalanche events. Dendrochronology and vegetative analysis may prove useful in augmenting historical records and existing maps to determine past avalanche activity. Avalanche dating techniques using dendrochronology and vegetative analysis are based on the concept that vegetation growing along the flanks, and within the run-out zone of avalanche paths may experience damage resulting from the impact of snow and debris. Trees respond to this damage in a variety of ways making it possible to date avalanche events and determine the frequency of their occurrence. Avalanches can cause wounds when rock and debris carried from upslope strike standing trees resulting in scars on the uphill side of stems and branches.
Trees form callous tissue around the margin of scars, and gradually add new wood and bark.
A wedge cut from either side of the scar allows rings of new wood formed after scarring to be counted, and the date of injury determined. The force of wind blasts from large, dry powder avalanches, and the direct impact of snow can break the main tree stem, or tear and fracture roots. The shear force of impact can also disrupt the tree's cambium. These types of injuries result in an abrupt reduction of tree growth. Tree-ring analysis may reveal significant growth loss as an atypical series of narrow rings.