We then consider several effects as a possible explanation for the disagreement between the theory and the observations. A hot corona above the disk, a radius dependent alpha-parameter, and advection of energy into the hole do not appear to be promising in this respect. Abstract I present the results of a spectroscopic survey of nearby rich clusters carried out with the ESO 3.6m telescope. Redshifts of 5634 galaxies in pencil beams towards 107 clusters have been obtained. Abstract Cosmic ray acceleration in the turbulent interstellar medium is considered.
Turbulence is treated as an ensemble of moving magnetic traps.
We derive equations for the particle momentum distribution function that describes the acceleration of particles in this case. The rate of acceleration calculated is estimated for our Galaxy and compared with the rates given by other acceleration mechanisms. Abstract Grazing incidence mirrors, while central to X-ray Astronomy, have relatively poor performance when compared to the optics used at longer wavelengths. I will discuss some techniques that allow us to improve grazing incidence optics all the way down to the diffraction limit and then into the arena of interferometry. Results from a prototype x-ray interferometer system will also be shown.