Empirical models verify the theoretical model with experiments or experience. Laboratory tests are repetitive experiments, which can be conducted under controlled conditions. Laboratory testing occurs principally in the pure sciences. In repeating the experiment, the scientist can determine the validity of the theoretical conclusions. For example, combining two parts hydrogen to one part oxygen always produces water.
Statistical tests are probabilistic estimates.
Statistical testing occurs principally in the social sciences, where theory is predicated on human behavior. Humans, unlike other factors, have brains. They learn from the past and will modify their behavior to improve outcomes or to avoid disappointing outcomes. For example, touching a hot iron. Empirical Conclusions Empirical conclusions are the results from laboratory or statistical tests.