Sprinklers are used in office buildings and in industry. They are not used widely in homes, but they could be. To see how we might put fires out we need to look at the fire tetrahedron again. This tells us that if we remove fuel, remove air, remove heat or remove the chemical reactions then a fire will go out. Applying water is the commonest way of putting out a fire.
Water is useful because it absorbs a lot of heat.
It can also change into steam as it boils, and this can help to exclude the air from a fire. Another way of putting out a fire is to smother it to remove air. We often throw sand on a campfire to extinguish it. You might throw a fire blanket over a burning chip pan in a kitchen to stop the sir getting to the fire. In industrial fires, firefighters often use a blanket of foam over a burning fuel, which has the same effect.