This problem can be resolved by attention to the soil's drainage system so that the soil stays dry and the sulfate remains solid. Effloresscence is a white crust on the surface of walls. It is caused by salts in solution that are within the concrete that have moved to the surface. CO2 in the air dissolves in fog, rain, and snow creating a weak acid solution that overtime can deteriorate concrete. Salt used in snow road maintenance can result in spalling and cracking .
Salt can also corrode steel reinforcement embedded in the concrete.
Cement dust can cause inflammation of eye and nose tissues. Prolonged exposure to this dust can cause dermatitis and delayed silicosis. It is recommended that workers involved in this area of construction use protective respiratory devices and protective eyewear and gloves. Also, wet cement paste can dry the skin and cause alkali burns. The amount of waste generated by usage of concrete during the construction process is relatively low.