The difference between course letter grades and achievement scores for standards . Criteria for letter grades vary among teachers. Scores on standards are based on the degree to which student achieve the specified knowledge and skills. The role of high, clearly defined expectations for increasing student achievement . Preservice teachers understand and can apply A repertoire of strategies that support standards-based instruction .
Students benefit from exposure to a variety of instructional strategies appropriate to their needs.
They learn when they actively organize, synthesize, interpret and evaluate information. Students need to go beyond reproducing knowledge to constructing ideas and making meaning from the information. How to embed one or more standards in the curriculum by planning appropriate learning and assessment opportunities . Furthermore, they know how to design learning and assessment activities around a standard, so that the classroom is focused on the most important concepts and skills. Procedures for scaffolding instruction and assessment .