In Germany, the deficit in implementing the pure theory of the market economy without subsidies is complained of, but the subsidiarity principle is invoked as a limit on EU powers as soon as domestic shipyards or coalmines come into the danger zone. The controversial question remains as to whether unification of the legal systems and the political cultures can be promoted by a constitution. Constructivism has since taken over the theory of international politics. As was to be expected, it was, first and foremost, the feature of federal state versus unitary state that was decisive for the political culture of the countries where the reality constructions are rooted. Much the same can also be shown for the conception of citizenship.
Similar arguments appear in relation to Europe.
In St. Paul's in Frankfurt in 1848, the opposite view prevailed, from the liberal Welcker through to the conservative Radowitz. Despite universal suffrage, Bismarck played off the incompatibility theorem against the parliamentarisation of the Reich after 1871. The incompatibility thesis was still being defended even when Australia and Canada had long proved the contrary. The state loses control capacity, since globalisation and regionalisation allow the bourgeois to grow beyond the citoyen living within the confines of a state. Since, in Hirschman's terms, voice becomes harder, exit has become a recommended option.