The approach utilizes an analysis of variance model to achieve normalization and estimate differential expression of genes across multiple conditions.
Statistical inference is based on two applications of a randomization technique, bootstrapping.
Bootstrapping is used to obtain confidence intervals for differential expression estimates from individual genes, and then to assess the stability of results from a cluster analysis. We illustrate the technique with a publicly available data set and draw conclusions about reliability of clustering results in light of variation in the data. The bootstrapping procedure relies on experimental replication. We discuss the implications of replication and good design in microarray experiments. Manuscript Last updated 01 May 2001 by ssen at jax.org.