Most urine infections are caused by bacteria. Although these are easily treated with antibiotics, the diagnosis must be confirmed. This is done by sending a urine sample to a laboratory. The first time an infection occurs, the child should be investigated. Tests are done to see if the bladder or kidneys are normal.
Some abnormalities can increase the risk of infection.
Repeated infections can damage the kidneys, so some children may need to take antibiotics regularly to stop the infections recurring.