Carpal tunnel syndrome is usually distinguished from other such disorders by a simple test wherein direct pressure is applied to the carpal tunnel to elicit pain. Medical imaging procedures can confirm the diagnosis even in cases with only slight median nerve pathology. Treatment can begin with limiting the offending activity and occupational or physical therapy. Elevation of the affected arm and the use of a splint at night may help. Injection of steroids directly into the carpal tunnel may help to alleviate the symptoms for some people, but this procedure is difficult and best left to a health care professional knowledgeable in the anatomy of the carpal tunnel, and trained and experienced in the procedure.
Surgery is usually the treatment of last resort for carpal tunnel syndrome.
However, it can be very effective. Like any surgery, carpal tunnel surgery carries a risk of not working and even making matters worse. For example, healing from the surgery causes scarring that may compress the nerve. That is not uncommon and repeat surgery may be recommended. But people who undergo endoscopic carpal tunnel release surgery have a quicker recovery of function, less postoperative pain and less scarring.