This can be accomplished by life long therapy with calcium and appropriate vitamin D supplements. This abnormality is associated with an excessive production of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid glands. Hyperparathyroidism can be caused by idiopathic enlargement of one or more of the glands, by parathyroid adenoma or in response to an abnormally low calcium level in the blood. The kidneys attempt to compensate for the increased blood calcium level by secreting excess calcium in the urine, which can result in the formation of kidney stones. The effects of increased parathyroid hormone levels are seen not only in the kidneys but also in the skeleton, stomach and intestines, the nervous system, and the muscles.
Serum phosphorus is decreased.
Serum alkaline phosphatase may be increased. A radioimmunoassay of parathyroid hormone shows elevated levels. Bone X-ray shows bone reabsorption or fractures. Kidneys or ureters may show calcification or obstruction. ECG may show abnormalities associated with hypercalcemia.