In addition, wearing a wide brimmed hat will protect your head and neck. On your return, check your moles for any changes since melanomas can be removed at an early stage, but can result in death if ignored. Be sensible with food and drink. Tummy upsets may result from unwashed fruit and vegetables. Try not to carry food with you for too long.
Water is safe to drink in all tourist areas and standards of sanitation and hygiene are quite high.
Mild stomach upsets can be treated with rest, plenty of fluids and over the counter anti-diarrhoeal remedies, although don't rely on the latter too much. Consult a doctor if symptoms persist or if other symptoms present. The main risks are through unprotected sex and intravenous drug use. Infection due to medical treatment is rare, but if travelling overland it may be sensible to take your own needles and transfusion kit. Although most regions of South Africa are malaria free, those visiting the Kruger National Park, Northern Natal, the Mozambique border and Swaziland are at risk of contracting it.