Some of these jobs were with government agencies, which employ sociologists to deal with such subjects as poverty, crime, public assistance, population growth, education, social rehabilitation, community development, mental health, racial and ethnic relations, drug abuse, school droputs, and environmental impact studies. The also may work in special government agencies such as the Peace Corps, National Institute of Health, and the National Institute of Aging. Those specializing in demography, international development, or health may work for international organizations such as the World Bank, the United Nations, and the World Health Organization. Sociologists specializing in criminology work primarily for law enforcement agencies in State and local government. Sociologists also hold managerial, research, personnel, and planning positions in research firms, consulting firms, educational institutions, corporations, professional and trade associations, hospitals, and welfare or other nonprofit organizations.
Some sociologists have private practices in counseling, research, or consulting.
Most sociologists hold positions as sociology faculty in colleges and universities, or as high school sociology teachers. Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement A master's degree in sociology usually is the minimum requirement for employment in applied research or community college teaching. The Ph.D. degree is essential for most senior level positions in research institutes, consulting firms, corporations, and government agencies, and is required for appointment to permanent teaching and research positions in colleges and universities. Sociologists holding a master's degree can qualify for administrative and research positions in public agencies and private businesses. Training in research, statistical, and computer methods is an advantage in obtaining such positions.