Incorporate existing perennial vegetation into the buffer design, if possible, since some benefits, such as shade and bank stabilization from trees, are maximized only after vegetation matures. Using existing vegetation also reduces installation costs and risk of total planting failure. The site may require tillage or herbicide application prior to planting. Bare soil in areas where trees and shrubs are to be planted may also need to be planted with less-competitive grasses and forbs to hold soil in place and discourage weeds until trees and shrubs become established. Some replanting may be needed to get adequate vegetation established.
Weed control is often necessary until trees and shrubs are large enough to compete on their own.
Mowing and mulches are good methods. Tillage is not. Herbicides may be useful for spot weed control provided their labels do not prohibit use near waterways. Mulches may be necessary for initial tree and shrub survival in drought-prone regions. Protecting tree and shrub plantings from wildlife, such as deer, rabbits, and beaver, may be necessary in some locations.