Aggies do not lie, cheat, or steal, nor do they tolerate those who do. Part I . No argument with a false conclusion is valid. If an argument is valid and contains a false conclusion, then the argument must contain at least one false premise.
Some statements are deductively valid.
Part II . Apply the counterexample method to the argument below. Be sure to include the argument form, substitution instance, and a brief explanation as to why the substitution instance provided may properly be called a counterexample. All thinking things are things that exist. No rocks are thinking things.