Goldberg says that other studies have been able to discriminate homosexuals from heterosexuals on the basis of psychological distress. Professor Goldberg moves on to another key gay argument. The study's findings of psychological distress among gays in all cultures suggest the pathology is linked to the homosexuality itself, rather than oppression by society. Goldberg is quick to admit that there are limits to scientific investigation. Science, he says, is nothing more than the attempt to find general empirical relationships.
Science is concerned only with empirical relationships.
How these empirical relationships are interpreted and applied always requires some sort of subjective judgment. But before we examine moral and sociological questions, he says, we must first correctly understand their scientific and empirical foundations. But once we have understood these foundations, Goldberg says, the empiricist is worthless. A discussion of psychological normality, he says we must acknowledge, will never be a purely scientific discussion. This is a very important question.