Most Jamaicans live on the coastal plains. The coastal plains are widest and most arid to the south. Most of the soil of the island, particularly in the central section, contains a high percentage of limestone, making cultivation difficult. Rainwater does not remain near the surface but percolates through the limestone soil to unusable depths. Jamaica has a great diversity of vegetation, although many areas have been cleared for agriculture.
Thermal springs occur in various areas.
No other volcanic phenomena are apparent, but the island is subject to severe earthquakes. Many small unnavigable rivers traverse the island. The climate is tropical, with temperatures higher along the coasts and cooler in the mountains. Typically sunny year-round. Rainy in May, June, October and November.