Temperature measures the random motion of the molecules of a system.
The coefficient of linear expansion a , a value that characterizes this expansion, varies from material to material. The coefficient of volume expansion b , a value that characterizes this expansion, varies from material to material. The amount of energy needed to change the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by 1 degree Celsius is the specific heat capacity of the substance. One calorie is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. 1 calorie - 4.186 Joules.