Primary containment relates to the protection of personnel and immediate laboratory environment from exposure. This is provided by good microbiological technique and the appropriate use of safety equipment. The use of vaccines may provide an increased level of personal protection.
Secondary containment relates to the protection of the environment external to the laboratory.
This is accomplished through a combination of facility design and operational practices. The three elements of containment include laboratory practice and technique, safety equipment and facility design. Laboratory Practice and Technique - Strict adherence to standard microbiological practices and techniques is the most important factor of containment. It includes the development of a biosafety or operations manual which identify the hazards that will or may be encountered with specific practices and procedures to minimize or eliminate risks. A scientist trained and knowledgeable in appropriate laboratory techniques, safety procedures, and hazards associated with handling infectious agents must direct laboratory activities.