Since many of these ponds are shallow, they could heat up significantly if predicted temperature increases occur in the area. Preliminary experimental studies show with an increase of only 5 degrees Celsius in ambient temperature, there could be changes in the plants on which herbivores feed, to the point herbivores could become extinct. The experiments also found that higher temperatures lead to surprising action on the part of predators, further promoting the extinction of herbivores. Thus, pond communities are predicted to shift toward ones dominated by small invertebrate grazers. In turn, ducks and other wildlife which depend on these food webs may be adversely affected.
Wetlands play a major role in basin hydrology and serve as wildlife habitats.
Changes in water levels brought about by a changing climate can dramatically alter the areal extent of wetlands. Researchers at Environment Canada's National Water Research Institute have developed models, that together with satellites, monitor changes in wetland areas within the Great Lakes basin. The huge boreal forest, an integral part of the world ecosystem, is a climate region unto itself. There are some predictions that climate change could cause it to shrink. Coordinated by Environment Canada, EMAN is made up of a series of monitoring and research sites that stretch across the country involving scientists from universities, governments and industry.