Teaching emphasizes process of knowledge construction. Learning is individual enterprise. Learning is social enterprise. Knower and known are separate. Knower and known are connected.
Teacher is sole authority with respect to knowledge in the classroom.
Authority for knowledge is distributed in the classroom as experience is deemed relevant. In order to explore the hypothesis that classroom discourse has an effect on children's epistemologies, the team set out to study classrooms that provided the greatest contrast. From field notes of classroom observations and interviews about their views of knowledge, instruction, and children's development, two groups of teachers emerged from the larger sample, each group strongly in one column or the other of Table 1. From this data set, their report Teaching and Learning Literate Epistemologies presents illustrations drawn from the teachers and students. As for how they dealt with conflicting information, they could not recall ever having experienced it.