These are known as winter crops. Since they are planted in the fall, the hashrosho always takes place well before Pesach and all winter crop is always yoshon by the time it is harvested. In the United States, spelt and rye are always winter crops and therefore are always yoshon. Barley and oats in the United States are almost all spring crops and are therefore subject to the issur of chodosh. Malt is a common food made from barley and the yoshon status of products containing malt is a subject by itself.
Wheat is available in both spring and winter varieties.
All chodosh whose hashrosho took place before Pesach becomes yoshon on Pesach. Therefore, from Pesach until the harvest in the summer all grain is yoshon. The new spring crop of oats is not harvested until mid July, the new spring crop of wheat is not harvested until early August, and the new spring crop of barley is not harvested until end of August. Therefore, during the period from after Pesach until these times, one does not have to be concerned with chodosh. Wheat Hi gluten, Low gluten, and Medium gluten Wheat grows in a number of varieties, each with different chemical properties.