However, it is not always easy to tell if a pest which is not winged is mature or immature. Otherwise, the pest should key out successfully in the immature keys, even if it is an adult. Once a pest has been identified to order or group, it may be possible by using the host index at the back of this manual and the insect notes to determine exactly which pest is involved. Specimens can be submitted for free diagnosis to the county extension office in each county. County agricultural extension agents have been trained in how to properly handle insect and plant specimens for diagnosis.
Some counties have formal diagnostic county plant clinics.
As a further resource, North Carolina State University houses a Plant Disease and Insect Clinic. Once a pest has been identified, a pesticide or some other control measure may be recommended.