This specialty is concerned with disorders of the throat, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. Gastroenterologists sometimes order special X-rays to diagnose problems relating to digestion and elimination. They also perform procedures such as endoscopies and proctoscopies, which allow them to examine the interior of the throat, stomach, and portions of the intestine. General Surgery General surgery includes abdominal, head, neck, and varicose vein surgery. Thoracic surgery refers to surgery of the lungs, chest wall, and esophagus.
Vascular surgery includes surgical treatment of blood vessel problems.
Colon and rectal surgery involve treating ailments of the colon and rectum such as the removal of cancerous lesions. Thoracoscopy, a special surgery to diagnose and treat conditions inside the chest, uses a miniature video camera. This surgery is easier for patients and has a much shorter recovery time. Neurology Neurologists diagnose and treat diseases and traumatic damage of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. These physicians treat conditions such as epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and head injuries.