The submarine only requires the initial nuclear fueling for the life of the submarine. With virtually unlimited endurance from the nuclear propulsion source and improvements in controlling all aspects of the internal atmosphere, there is no longer a requirement to surface. Submarines have added Direct Support for Carrier Battle Groups and Strike Warfare as missions. Submarine Direct Support to protect Carrier Battle Groups is necessary because not only do we have nuclear submarines but so do potential adversaries. Strike warfare is demonstrated effectively using Tomahawk missiles in the Gulf War and in the police action in Bosnia.
Weapons are now smart with ranges in hundreds of miles.
Satellites to both communicate and navigate have improved the accuracy of submarine location and the timeliness of reporting. Computer uses in all aspects of the submarine from design and construction to maintenance and employment has created a formidable weapons platform that can effectively employ stealth as a weapon.