People with ketoacidosis may develop hyperventilation, weakness, fatigue, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Formerly, ketoacidosis killed many people with diabetes. Today, prompt medical attention corrects the problem. Hyperosmolar syndrome occurs when high blood sugar causes excessive urination and fluid loss. The resulting dehydration can lead to hyperosmolar coma, which is even more dangerous than ketoacidosis.
Treatment includes intravenous fluids and insulin.
Complications of Chronic High Blood Sugar Many of the complications of diabetes result from the effects of chronic high blood sugar on large and small blood vessels. This damage can lead to heart attacks, strokes, kidney problems, and loss of circulation in the legs. High blood sugar can also damage tiny blood vessels in the back of the eye, which can eventually lead to blindness. Chronically high blood sugar can also damage nerves. People with long-term diabetes may experience pain or numbness in the arms, legs, and especially the feet.