This means that in the spectrum of a gas with a strong magnetic field, two lines rather than one will appear. The separation of the line pair is directly proportional to the strength of the magnetic field. Sunspots are dark, cooler regions on the Sun's surface. These are regions with enhanced magnetic field. The magnetic field pressure holds back some of the hot gas rising from the interior to make the sunspots cooler.
Solar prominences are loops of hydrogen gas that rise above the solar surface.
They usually appear near sunspot groups and appear to trace out magnetic field lines going from a north to a south magnetic pole. Solar flares are very energetic streams of protons, electrons, and ions which leave the Sun in bursts. They produce the auroras on Earth and can also interfere with our communications. Because the corona has a temperature of about 1,000,000 K, it's blackbody spectrum peaks in the X-ray. The Interstellar Medium Recall that the distance between stars is very large.