Temperature depends on how the air is heated by the earth, itself heated by the sun. Dry, sandy soils and man made large conurbation's heat up quickly and warm the air above them. Such areas also cool quickly at night. Oceans and forested areas heat up more slowly and, so, heat the air less. South facing slopes heat up while North facing ones stay cold.
Winds move areas of warm and cold air around causing changes to the pressure patterns.
As air rises it cools. This leads to condensation and cloud formation. Water in the cloud may then freeze. Latent heat is released giving a heating effect while the cloud reduces both incoming solar radiation and radiation loss from the earth. Snow falling from cloud may melt, rain falling from cloud will evaporate, at least partially.