An electrostatic repellency is induced increasing the negative charge of each particle and releasing the flocculated cement. The costs of self-placing concrete may be slightly higher but the payback of reduced labor required for placement and improved construction schedule must be considered to determine a benefit. Additional benefits include the ability to use conventional batching plants and ready-mix transit trucks which eliminates the need to invest in a new plant. Status Several projects have been successfully completed in Japan since 1993 using self-placing concrete. These include a tunnel liner in Yokohama city, the main tower on the Kiba-Park Large Bridge, and a tubular column fill on the Landmark tower.
Work needs to be done to further refine testing and quality control procedures.
Barriers Because of the limited use the costs are still high and limited to use only in severe conditions. Ltd. Tokyo, Japan. Antonio Nanni, Pennsylvania State University. 3rd Kum-Ho Bldg. MEL-Series Catalog Information.