These are called protons, electrons and neutrons. They are very different from each other in many ways. Neutrons have no charge. Usually, atoms have the same number of electrons and protons. But if you rub things together, electrons can move from one atom to another.
Some atoms get extra electrons.
They have a negative charge. Other atoms lose electrons. They have a positive charge. When charges are separated like this, it is called static electricity. If two things have different charges, they attract, or pull towards each other.