Ecosystem services include a wide range of issues related to natural ecosystems which are highly regarded by society, and yet are often difficult to value economically. Maintenance of biological diversity to preserve genetic resources, protect long-term ecosystems viability, and assure potential for agricultural, medical, and industrial discoveries Recreational opportunities, spiritual or aesthetic enjoyment of nature, and ethical issues of preserving natural and pristine areas. There are many synergies with almost all of the other sectors. There are also synergies with the food availability sector mainly through providing wild fisheries breeding areas. Additionally there will be links with the water sector because natural ecosystems from which the ecosystem services are derived include water ecosystems of lakes, streams, and oceans.
Water is a critical component of all ecosystems.
Biomass fuels for energy may be derived from natural products extracted from ecosystems. However, because many boundaries of nature preserves and National Parks are fixed, the particular protected ecosystems may no longer exist within the defined and fixed boundaries. For example, Saguaro National Park may have to be renamed if the famous cactus moves outside of the Park boundaries. High alpine ecosystems which are already at the tops of mountain ranges will have no where to migrate. Developed urban areas will likely act as barriers to migration as well.