We reviewed how to assess danger signs and how to treat the most common and serious diseases. Some children with serious conditions require more specialised care and have to be referred to larger health centres or hospitals. Selecting children, giving initial treatment and advising parents about where to go and how to look after the child during travel is part of the work at the first level of care. In a letter Professor David Morley challenges us to make our own service welcoming. Hospitals are places where infections can spread easily.
Simple hygiene is important, but immunisation in hospital can prevent transfer of infection.
An article by Dr John Clements emphasises the importance of making the most of any attendance at a health facility to immunise children, because it may be their only contact with health services. Using this opportunity is especially important to prevent the spread of measles. Newborn babies are vulnerable and need special care. Prompt and correct action for newborns can make the difference between life and death, or between a normal healthy life and one with serious handicaps. Doctors Manandhar and Ellis look at simple and appropriate ways to keep newborns breathing, warm, fed and clean.