1814 First scientific paper on the detection of poisons published by Matthieu Orfila of Spain. 1823 Whorls, ellipses and triangles described by Czech physiologist Jan Evangelista Purkinje. 1836 Method for the detection of arsenic poison developed by James Marsh of England. 1849 Bones and teeth remains used as evidence of murder given by a forensic team lead by anatomy professor Dr Jeffries Wyman. 1850 First private detective agency in the US set up by Allan Pinkerton.
Spectroscopy is developed.
Gustav Kirchoff and Robert Bunson showed substances give off a spectrum of light, which identifies elements in the substance. 1879 System of identifying people by special body measurements developed by Frenchman Alphonse Bertillon. 1880 First criminological use of fingerprints made by Henry Fauld in Tokyo. Sherlock Holmes detective stories published by Sir Arthur Conon Doyle, describe solutions based on crime solving methods. First hand held camera invented by American George Eastman.