Diagnosis of this complex disease entails a full medical investigation including stool samples, colon biopsies and X-rays. Treatment may include steroids or other drugs to reduce the inflammation. Treatment may be ongoing in order to prolong remission of the symptoms. Even though many people can go for years without recurrent symptoms, medical management never completely cures this condition. Surgery may be indicated in severe cases that do not respond to medical management.
Surgery involves the removal of the entire colon, including the rectum.
In selected cases, surgery may result in an ileostomy, in which the end of the bowel is sewn to the abdominal wall to allow the stool to empty into a plastic bag. While extreme, this surgery is a cure for ulcerative colitis. Avoidance of fruits, vegetables, bran cereals, whole grain breads, seeds and nuts may be indicated, especially during attacks of symptoms. Vitamin supplements may be required. Management and treatment of ulcerative colitis involves your participation with the health care team.