Sunflower meal is the byproduct that remains after removing oil from sunflower seeds. Nutrient content of sunflower meal varies with the amount of hull included in the meal. As hull content increases, protein, fat, and energy content decrease. As the hull content increases, lysine content will decrease. As phosphorus content is relatively high compared to calcium content, rations using sunflower meal will need calcium supplementation, and sunflower meal will need to be mixed with feedstuffs lower in phosphorus.
Wheat middlings are a byproduct of processing wheat for flour.
It consists of fine particles of wheat bran, wheat shorts, wheat germ, and wheat flour. Energy levels vary because there is variability in the percentage of the remaining parts following the milling of flour from the wheat. Nonstructural carbohydrate content is relatively high and is expected to vary from source to source. As such, there are concerns related to colic and founder. Similar to other feeds containing high levels of phosphorus, calcium supplementation will be necessary to balance calcium with phosphorus.