Much of this results from the technology revolution of recent years.
Staff can now become more selective in how and when they work, and even whom they want to work for.
Management will need to be more proactive and creative in this new world. Staff in such an environment, often felt obliged to be present for the sake of being present. Our research confirms that management in US organisations realise that they need to respond to a new situation. Once the organisational case for offering more flexibility in terms of working time arrangements has been established - it then involves the even closer monitoring of the new working time behaviour. A new focus is then on having software programmes which can handle such flexible working concepts.