At Southern Kettle Moraine silt loam soils seem the most wear-resistant due to the binding effect of the clay portion of the soil. Sandy soils, while not very erodable, provide such a loose riding surface that they contribute to trail widening as trail users avoid the loose surface. Both trail widening and soil erosion are factors of concern. The direct soil compaction and vegetation wear effects of most of the bike trails are narrow, generally confined to the worn tread of the trail. It is important to stop trail widening and to manage water on the trails.
Soil loss can be significant on steep slopes, but can be reduced.
Impacts from trails are confined to a narrow band. Steep, shaded slopes are difficult to maintain. Volume of use is a major factor in the level of impact. High use requires intensive management. Narrow trails mean less impact.