Therefore, the freight rates shown have been reduced by the amount of the port costs. This includes ocean freight rates, converted to Canadian dollars. For the Thunder Bay and Duluth routings, this component includes laker freight, Seaway tolls, transfer elevator throughput fees, and ocean freight using panamax size vessels. However, port fees are paid by the vessel owner and are typically included in the ocean freight rate. Ocean rates are virtually the same for Vancouver and Portland.
Thunder Bay is about even with The Gulf for Canadian wheat going to Brazil.
Ocean rates favour shipments out of The Gulf over Churchill, contributed by the larger size out of The Gulf. Ocean rates favour shipments out of Churchill over Duluth, mostly due to the additional costs of the St. Lawrence Seaway. Ocean rates are virtually the same when port fees are included. There are no terminal charges for direct shipments. Port fees for direct shipments include fees for entry into Mexico.