Powders determine the first part of the second word in the mantra. Powders for a full list of Powders and their Mantras. Potions are what makes each spell different from the others in the same spell group. Potions determine the last part of the second word in the mantra. Potions for a full list of Potions and their mantras.
Talismans determine which group a spell belongs to.
Talismans determine whether a spell will affect you, others or an item. Some Talismans also have opposites, from self to other type spells. Talismans determine the body gestures used when spells are being cast. Talismans for a list of Talismans, their spell circle and opposites. Tapers make learning higher level spells harder.