The symptoms of manganese toxicity are small, stunted plants with crinkled leaves with small brown spots. However, liming tree crops may not be economical. Determine products and services trees should provide Careful research is necessary to determine which species will provide needed products and services in a given area. This is often best done through personal interviews with farmers and study of local tree-use markets. It is important that Tree species are accepted within local cultures.
Some species can be hosts to pests and diseases.
A preliminary selection of NFTs can be made with basic information on climate and soils in hand. Once species are selected, collect as much information on them as possible to verify that they are the best available choices. After preliminary selection of NFTs, further research is needed to determine if selected species are native or naturalized in the area of interest. If species are present, their physical appearance would give an indication of how well they are adapted. If species are not present, then simple field trials should be conducted to determine how they will grow at the site.