They give beer its bitterness, much of its flavor, and its aromatic nose. Hops were first known to be cultivated in Bavaria. Popular varieties include Hallertau, Saaz, Kent Goldings, Cascade and Willamette. From the heat exchanger the wort is pumped to the Fermentation Vessels where the yeast is added. During the fermentation process the yeast converts the sugars in the wort to alcohol and carbon dioxide.
Yeast is the natural substance that enables beer to be fermented.
The type of yeast used has a significant impact on the flavor of the beer. Top fermenting yeasts are used to make ales. Bottom fermenting yeasts are used to make lagers. After 2 weeks the ales are ready to be served. The lagers take between 4 and 6 weeks.