They also advise patients to drink clear liquids during the early stages of the infection and to avoid high-protein diets and alcohol. Hospitalization may be required for patients who suffer from severe vomiting and who are unable to maintain adequate nutritional levels. It may also be required to prevent the development of complications. Originally developed for hospitals, universal precautions have been adapted to a wide range of workplaces. They apply to all situations where workers have risk of exposure to blood or certain body fluids.
Universal precautions are to be used in conjunction with other control measures.
An example is washing hands whenever gloves are removed or whenever the skin contacts potentially infectious fluids. Universal precautions recommend the use of engineering controls, safe work practices, and personal protective equipment to suit the specific task and workplace. Engineering controls include the use of equipment to isolate or contain the hazard, such as puncture-resistant containers for disposing of used sharps, or biological cabinets for certain procedures in laboratories. Safe work practices are required for all tasks involving possible exposure to blood or certain body fluids. Immunization Two recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccines are licensed in Canada.