Second, scaling reduces the cost of digital circuits. Therefore, this session will assume the continued use of single-stage op amps to maximize speed. This is a competitive solution because scaled technologies offer large numbers of inexpensive digital transistors that can be used for calibration. Cutting-edge digital communications systems require novel and unique characterization methods for ADCs and DACs. Converter characteristics are now defined in terms of radio and broadband communications technology.
Spectral characteristics become key, while time domain effects take on new meaning.
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