Trade and production of dairy products are still highly distorted in most countries.
Tariffs remain very high and are often prohibitive for over-quota imports.
Aggregating TRQs and corresponding tariffs remains challenging because of the multitude of TRQ schedules and nomenclatures. The current minimum access commitments are small. The enlargement of the EU to the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland induces lower internal dairy prices in the EU and a major price hike in the acceding countries. Consumers in those countries face major welfare losses, whereas welfare gains would accrue to producers receiving EU prices. Internal EU trade would expand considerably.