Solar scientists have a basic idea of how the sun works, but the details are still being worked out.
For example it is not known exactly how solar flares are created, although there are some strong hypotheses about this. Before studying the particulars of solar flares, it's important to know the basics of the sun. The following links will provide you with background in solar science. From the Yohkoh Mission Public Outreach Project. In particular, check out the Solar Tour and Structure of the Sun .