They are fascinating and beautiful ecosystems distinct from all other places on earth. Estuaries are critical for the survival of many species. Tens of thousands of birds, mammals, fish, and other wildlife depend on estuarine habitats as places to live, feed, and reproduce. Estuaries provide ideal spots for migratory birds to rest and refuel during their journeys. Besides serving as important habitat for wildlife, the wetlands that fringe many estuaries also perform other valuable services.
Water draining from the uplands carries sediments, nutrients, and other pollutants.
As the water flows through fresh and salt marshes, much of the sediments and pollutants are filtered out. Wetland plants and soils also act as a natural buffer between the land and ocean, absorbing flood waters and dissipating storm surges. Salt marsh grasses and other estuarine plants also help prevent erosion and stabilize the shoreline. Among the cultural benefits of estuaries are recreation, scientific knowledge, education, and aesthetic values. Boating, fishing, swimming, surfing, and bird watching are just a few of the numerous recreational activities people enjoy in estuaries.