They act as catalysts for many biological reactions within the body and are important in the production of hormones. Calcium is the body's most abundant mineral. Its primary function is to help build and maintain bones and teeth which it does in cooperation with phosphorus. In addition, calcium aids in the process of blood clotting and in the control of the passage of fluids through the cells. It is also related to the proper functioning of the heart and neuromuscular system.
Vitamin D is an important factor in calcium absorption.
Copper is found in all the tissues of the body. It assists in the formation of hemoglobin and red blood cells by aiding iron absorption. It also assists in the conversion of an amino acid to a dark pigment which colors the hair and skin. A large amount of molybdenum, zinc or sulfur in the diet is antagonistic to copper, having an adverse effect on its absorption. Iodine is an essential component of the thyroid hormone, thyroxin, which is the master regulator of metabolic reactions involved in oxidation.