H. Genitourinary injury Retorgrade urethrogram is used to find lower urinary tract injury. Should be suspected in patients with displaced anterior pelvic fractures. I. Shock insufficient perfusion to vital tissues and organs. Treated by Ringer's lactate fluid, then blood transfusion. Massive blood replacement requires fresh frozen plasma and platelets.
Urine output shows the adequacy of fluid resuscitation.
Insufficient fluid resuscitation can result in metabolic acidosis. J. Compartment syndrome covered in Chapter 10,Trauma. A. Anaesthesia local anaesthesia may allow quicker recovery, decreased blood loss and fewer postoperative complications. Disease is marked by muscle rigidity, hypermetabolism, masseter muscle spasm, increased temperature and acidosis due to defect of cell membrane affecting calcium transport. For defintivie diagnosis, muscle biopsy is required.