A host of invertebrates feed on decomposing plants and animals. This nutrient-rich detritus is also available to juvenile stages of fish and crabs . A dense layer of microscopic plants and animals, including bacteria and algae, coats the land surface and serves as food. Stems of larger plants provide another good source of food. Decomposing plants and animals are the major food source for other wetland inhabitants.
Wetlands are also important for controlling flood and storm waters.
Fast-moving water is slowed by vegetation and temporarily stored in wetlands. The gradual release of water reduces erosion and possible property damage. Coastal wetlands absorb the erosive energy of waves, further reducing erosion. Poised between land and water, wetlands act as buffers, regulating the flow of sediments and nutrients into rivers and the Bay. As water runs off the land and passes through wetlands, it is filtered.