Atopic dermatitis includes an immune component wherein the skin's immune system is over-reactive. It seems logical that drugs which calm down the immune system should help treat atopic dermatitis. Currently, topical application of tacrolimus is extensively being studied to treat and relieve symptoms of atopic dermatitis. In adults, the rash can be distributed across the neck, face, upper chest, elbows and knees. In children, the disease occurs on the head, diaper region, and areas of the arms and legs.
Scratching makes the condition worse by releasing more and more cytokines and antibodies.
Once triggered, complex mechanisms in the body operate to cause the symptoms of atopic dermatitis. But histamine also damages tissue and thus continues the inflammatory process which produces the inflamed skin rash of atopic dermatitis. These rashes often become infected. Traditional therapies for atopic dermatitis include corticosteroids and antihistamines. Corticosteroids are effective but have side effects that increase with chronic use.