Fruits usually are mature by December. Birds and mammals are the chief means of seed dispersal. Seed viability is 30 to 60 percent and can last up to 2 months, but declines to 0.05 percent at 5 months. Many native species have a lower percentage of germination than Schinus. The high seed viability combined with animal dispersing agents may explain colonization by Brazilian pepper-tree in our native plant communities.
Seedlings have a high rate of survival and some can be found all year.
Any break in the tree canopy can be exploited by seedlings. Reproduction can occur 3 years after germination. Some trees can live for about 35 years. Only those herbicides that are recommended for Brazilian pepper-tree control should be used. They are safe and effective when used correctly.