The study would have been strengthened by having at least 15 persons in each treatment group. This report gave no information on the test given to subjects. Information was given on the type of questions asked in the attitude questionnaire, however, no validity or reliability information was given. This report is clear and enjoyable to read. The researchers give a clear description of procedures and treatments.
Some areas show a lack of rigor.
The use of a small volunteer sample makes the findings generalizable to a very small population. Lack of random selection also weakens the study. Using the same instrument for pretest and posttest can cause pretest- posttest interference which was not controlled for in this study. The instruments used were not demonstrated to be reliable or valid. On the other hand, rigor is apparent in the development of the treatments, and in the attempt to analyze learning performance of the subjects.