Wherever case is a requirement, code will be displayed as bold. All the words in italics are to be substituted with what they describe. The tall vertical line between command line arguments means or . The short vertical line is a the pipe symbol. The Enter in a white rectangle represents the Enter key .
Spaces can be and are sometimes optional between command line items.
As a rule, I include spaces only if they are required but may occassionally include optional spaces if they help readability. You will never see a space in the syntax if it is disallowed. All commands accept a space before the first argument or parameter, and although most commands require a space before the first parameter - some do not. To avoid confusion, I've elected to always use a space before a command's first parameter unless it would unfavorably affect the desired ouput. A line indented two spaces is not a new line but a continuation of the previous line.