Quitting smoking may therefore enhance fertility. Caffeine appeared to enhance alcohol's negative effect in this study. Based on this preliminary evidence, women who wish to improve their chances of conception should probably avoid alcohol. Being excessively overweight or underweight may also contribute to infertility in females. 15 Infertile women who are overweight or underweight should consult a physician.
Some conventional medications can interfere with fertility.
If in doubt, individuals taking prescription drugs should consult their physician. 16 Vitamin E deficiency in animals leads to infertility. In preliminary research, even subtle deficiency of iron has been tentatively linked to infertility. 19 Women who are infertile should consult a doctor to rule out the possibility of iron deficiency. 20 PABA is believed to work by increasing the effectiveness of estrogen and possibly other sex hormones.