Gender refers to such socially learned behaviors and attitudes as styles of dress and preferred activities. In Japan , women are sometimes denied equal opportunity in the workplace. Women generally serve as office clerks and administrative assistants. Under Islamic law women and men are segregated in schools, universities, and social activities and women can be restricted from certain professions. Social stratification is the process of ranking people into social layers or classes.
Social mobility is the ease with which individuals can move up or down a culture's social ladder.
Caste system -a system of social stratification in which people are born into a social ranking, with no opportunity for social mobility. India is the classic example of a caste culture. Class system -a system of social stratification in which personal ability and actions decide social status and mobility. Lower class consciousness encourages mobility and lessens the chance for conflict. Religion Human values often derive from religious beliefs.