There is no apparent bleeding from the cervix and vagina. Other symptoms can include lower-back pain, tenderness of the uterus or abdomen, and contractions or tightening of the uterus. Ultrasound may be helpful in diagnosing this problem, although it does not always provide an exact diagnosis. This is particularly true if the placenta is located on the back surface of the uterus where it cannot be seen easily with ultrasound examination. Serious problems, such as shock, may occur with separation of the placenta.
Shock occurs because of the rapid loss of large quantities of blood.
Intravascular coagulation, in which a large blood clot develops, can also be a problem. Factors that clot the blood may be used up, which can make bleeding a problem. Treatment of placental abruption varies, based on the ability to diagnose the problem and the status of the mother and baby. With very heavy bleeding, delivery of the baby may be necessary. When bleeding is not heavy, the problem may be treated with a more conservative approach.