The root system of melaleuca is adapted to fluctuating water tables. The surface root network is characterized by abundant vertical sinker roots that extend at least to the water table's deepest annual level. Melaleuca's primary mode of reproduction is sexual. It produces an abundance of small, lightweight seeds and can begin seed production as early as 1 year of age, although most trees do not flower that young. Viable seeds are present in capsules that are 15 years old, but viability of seeds declines with age.
Some capsules apparently open constantly, releasing a continous light rain of seeds.
Most capsules are serotinous. They do not open until the conductive tissue connecting them to the tree is disrupted by shoot growth and bark production, or by stress, such as fire, frost, mechanical damage, or herbicide treatment. Following stress, a massive seed release may begin within a few hours and occur over several days. Melaleuca has no adaptations that aid in seed dispersal. The seed is not dispersed by any native birds or mammals.