Mobile IP Standard without route optimization, the triangle route. The route optimization is to enable direct communication between sender and mobile after locating the current location of the mobile, rather than going through the mobile's home agent every time. Techniques dealing with disconnected operations are asynchronous operations rather than mechanism like synchronous RPC, prefetching, delayed write back. The goal is to decouple the communication from the actual time a program consumes or produces data. As an example, Coda file system made the observation that write conflicts are very rare, and trades consistency for availability.
Wireless networks delivers lower bandwidth than wired network.
Buffering can be used to reduce the burstiness of the network. Does NOT scale due to scarce frequency spectrum resource. An advantage is the flexibility of allowing software to allocate bandwidth. Shorten range of cells. Simpler, reduce power consumption because of lower transmission intensity within a short range, less interference, but it requires more hardware equipments and their management, will be easier to deploy once equipments get cheaper.