The disorder involves an abnormal immune system response resulting in deposits of white blood cells and abnormal tissue cells in the affected organ. Neurosarcoidosis may affect any part of the nervous system. Any nerve can be involved, including the nerves of the eye and the nerves that control taste, smell, or hearing. The brain or spinal cord may also be involved. Neurosarcoidosis is a clinically significant complication of sarcoidosis because it increases the risk of permanent disability and, in some cases, death.
Sarcoidosis occurs in highly variable groups.
In the U.S. it is more common in African-Americans, while in Europe it is more common in Caucasians. The disorder is slightly more common in people 25 to 50 years old, particularly women, but can occur at any age and to either sex. It is very rare in pediatrics. If it occurs in children, sarcoidosis usually involves the lungs. The symptoms are highly variable.