A reduction in total absorptive surface area occurred as cows were moved to the high forage dry cow ration. When cows were shifted to a high energy ration 14 days before calving, a mucosal proliferation process began. It took 4-5 weeks for the mucosa to attain maximum absorptive capacity. A number of nutrients interact with the immune system in the body. These trends indicate a lower immune system status as the dairy cow approaches parturition.
Vitamin E has direct effects on the activity of both lymphocytes and neutrophils.
The information described above provides a base for the development of a transition cow management program. Key points can be outlined for specific portions of this phase of the lactation cycle. However, there are 3 key words that sum up the overall approach for this period. Dry-off Abrupt changes may be needed here to enhance the cessation of milk synthesis. Most recommendations suggest discontinuing milking abruptly.