The sole jobs of the queen are to mate and lay eggs. She typically mates with over 10 drones, which means that most of the worker bees are half sisters of one another. Drones, male bees, develop from unfertilised eggs. They basically serve as a source of sperm. They do sweet bugger all all their lives, except that some of them get to mate with a queen.
Workers do everything that needs to be done in the hive.
Workers do all the jobs, at different stages in their lives, generally starting in the interior and finishing with foraging out in the wide, wide world. Thus, the honeybees we see on flowers are in their last days of life. This one has gathered baskets of pollen on her legs. This one is packing pollen for storage. These foragers are gathering water, which is also essential for the well being of the hive.