The criterion standard diagnostic modality, however, still is direct laryngoscopy with rigid bronchoscopy and possible rigid esophagoscopy. These fortunately are very rare conditions, because they are almost uniformly fatal. In either case, there is a lack of communication between the larynx proximally and the alveoli of the lungs distally. While operative techniques are available to correct the underlying abnormality, surgical attempts have yielded poor results, essentially making this a noncorrectable malformation. Section 4 of 10 A tracheal web consists of a thin layer of tissue draped across the tracheal lumen.
Treatment consists of rupturing the web.
This may be accomplished via rigid dilatation or through use of a laser. In tracheal stenosis, a rather rare condition, pathological involvement continues to a much greater underlying tissue depth when compared to a web. A single tracheal ring, multiple rings, or even the entire length of the trachea may be involved. While affected patients may be symptomatic at birth, symptoms may be delayed several months until the airway lumen is compromised further by exacerbation of an upper respiratory infection. Symptoms include dyspnea, as well as a biphasic stridor with a prolonged expiratory component.