The macula is in the center of the retina, directly behind the lens. It's a tiny area made up of millions of cells that help produce sharp vision needed to read and see objects clearly.
Scientists believe that the macular pigment protects the retina.
The density of macular pigment has been used to measure the health of the eye. Studies show that lutein and zeaxanthin are the predominant antioxidants found in the macula. Dietary intake of lutein increases pigment density. Smoking and alcohol consumption decrease macular pigment density. Lifetime sun exposure decreases density.