Lays 5-8 white eggs on bare soil at end of tunnel. May use same burrow for several years. Small fish, frogs, insects. An abnormal plant growth caused by irritation from a sucking insect or fungal, bacterial or viral infections. Some galls caused by insects laying eggs in a leaf or stem, causing the tissue to swell.
Some insects actually inject toxins to make the gall tissue grow faster.
The plant actually closes itself off from the gall as a way of protecting itself from further damage. Insect becomes enclosed by gall growth and feeds only on gall tissue during its development. Small holes on outside of gall indicate adult insects have left. Foliage, branches, stems, roots. Many nematodes seriously weaken plants by damaging roots and causing knots on them.