Aikido practicioners do a lot of falling - which they learn how to do in a safe manner. Techniques end in one of these throws, or in a joint lock or pin. Generally, in a class, the instructor will demonstrate a movement or technique, then the class will break up into partners or groups and all the students will practice, under the guidance of the instructor. These events are generally taught by one or more high-ranked instructors. Progress is measured through promotion tests, during which a student demonstrates certain movements and techniques, and a certain level of development in these techniques.
Students start out as white belts, and work their way up through the ranks to become black belts.
In some, all members regardless of rank or sex wear them. In others, women of any rank wear them, and men who only are black belts. Usually the belt and hakama protocol are dictated by the organization with which the dojo is affiliated. Some dojo are independent, but most are affiliated with a major Aikido organization. There are ten black belt ranks, ranging from first degree, the lowest level, to tenth degree, which is held only by the current Aikido Doshu.