ICA takes responsibility for colonies supported by Baron de Rothschild. Ottoman restrictions on Zionist immigration to and land acquisition in Jerusalem District take affect. Administrative council of Jerusalem strongly objects to JCA's attempts at acquiring land in Jerusalem district. 1903 Second wave of Zionist mass immigration to Palestine begins. Death of Theodore Herzl.
Tensions develop between Zionist colonists and Palestinian farmers in region of Tiberius.
1905 Publication of Le Reveil de la Nation Arabe, by Negib Azoury, warning of Zionist political aims in Palestine. 1907 first kibbutz, based on exclusively Jewish labor, established. 1908 Palestinian deputies from Jerusalem, Jaffa, Nablus, and Acre elected to Ottoman parliament of 1908 in Constantinople. Palestinian journal al-Karmil founded in Haifa with purpose of opposing Zionists colonization. 1909 Tel Aviv founded north of Jaffa.