Dyspnea and dysphagia are caused by mass compression on the airway or esophagus, enlargement of the tongue, elevation of the floor of mouth, or involvement of the oropharynx or larynx. Respiratory obstruction is the second most common associated symptom, especially in newborns. These lesions are also vulnerable to infection. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging are helpful in delineating the involvement of neighboring structures. The diagnosis is clinical and usually obvious.
Surgical excision is the most accepted treatment.
Other mentioned modes of therapy include aspiration, incision and drainage, injection of sclerosing agents and radiotherapy. Considering their multicystic structure, it is unlikely that aspiration or sclerosing agents can be efficient. Aspiration or drainage are usually temporary procedures. There is also the risk of secondary infection and this mode of treatment should be reserved for life saving emergencies. Laser is very valuable in the treatment of superficial tongue and laryngeal lesions.