The moon is half a degree across, as seen from the earth. Use Kirchoff's laws to explain why the spectra of stars have absorption lines. In the Earth's atmosphere, nitrogen and oxygen are the two most abundant elements. Of the solar zones listed here, the hottest is the chromosphere the corona the photosphere 29. The two members of a sunspot pair usually have opposite magnetic polarity.
Solar flares are common when there are many sunspots.
Sunspots gradually shift their locations from high latitudes towards the equator. The complete magnetic solar cycle lasts 11 years. Nuclear reactions which power the Sun convert a helium nucleus into hydrogen nuclei four hydrogen nuclei into one helium nucleus a hydrogen nucleus into a helium nucleus deuterium into hydrogen 33. Here is a list of the major themes we have discussed in class, presented partly in question form. This should give you some idea of the range and scope of the topics.