Ideally, employees get strong input to identifying their objectives, time lines for completion, etc. Includes ongoing tracking and feedback in process to reach objectives. MBO's are often perceived as a form of planning. The process includes identifying preferred outcomes to accomplish with a certain target market, associate indicators as measures for each of those outcomes and then carry out the measures to assess the extent of outcomes reached. Direction is pursued by implementing associated action plans, including multi-level goals, objectives, time lines and responsibilities.
Strategic planning is, of course, a form of planning.
Set of management practices throughout the organization to ensure the organization consistently meets or exceeds customer requirements. Strong focus on process measurement and controls as means of continuous improvement. TQM is a quality initiative. There are various other approaches that, if used comprehensively with strong focus on achieving organizational results, can be used to increase organizational performance, e.g., Statistical Process Control , Quality Circles , best practices , etc. Related Library Links Note that numerous library links are referenced above.