The principal structural elements of the cell wall in Coleochaete vegetative cells are cellulose microfibrils. Plasmodesmata are present in the cross walls between cells of the same filament.
Vegetative cells are uninucleate.
Mitochondria are numerous and have flattened mitochondrial cristae. Zoospores and male gametes bear minute polysaccharide scales on their cell surfaces. Their flagellar apparatuses consist of two basal bodies projecting laterally from the cell in a V-shaped configuration, and one or two flagellar roots.