The higher the amount of Ki-67, the faster the rate of cell division. These markers help scientists determine the percent of cells that show a specific abnormality and the degree of that abnormality. Below are definitions of 10 specific alterations in cellular structures, some of which are known to indicate an increased risk of cancer. These alterations are discussed briefly on the second page of the news release. Basal cell hyperplasia involves abnormal multiplication or increase in the number of normal cells in a tissue, and provides scientists with a way to measure how rapidly specific cells are dividing.
Stratification is a process by which groups of cells organize to form layers in tissue.
Changes in the number of cells involved and the density of cells help scientists measure development or progression of cancerous or pre-cancerous cells. Goblet cell hyperplasia involves abnormal multiplication or increase in the number of a special type of cell found normally but in reduced numbers in the respiratory tract. This condition occurs when substances irritate tissue in the respiratory tract. Cell disorganization is a type of abnormal stratification characteristic of cancerous or pre-cancerous cells. Nuclear variation involves a cell's failure to differentiate.