These items must be spread out or arranged suitably on an area of land large enough to support a breeding population, or the animals will not persist. Each species has its own required form of shelter and food. These rules form the basis for landscaping with wildlife in mind. Shelter consists of nesting sites and places where animals may hide when sleeping, traveling or feeding. An alternative is to create corridors of shelter around the perimeter of the yard, thus channeling wild animals to areas where they will cause less harm.
Some animals require hollow trees for nesting or roosting.
Bird houses or bat roosts meet this need when hollow trees are unavailable. Water for drinking and bathing can be provided in a birdbath or pool. Food needs vary considerably from species to species. You may wish to allow some back corner of your yard to go wild. Hawthorn Fragaria sp.