Children and young adults who have had undergone radiation therapy or chemotherapy for other diseases are at increased risk for bone cancer. Additionally, adults with Paget's disease which is a disease characterized by abnormal growth of new bone cells have an increased risk of osteosarcoma. There are also some hereditary conditions which can increase the risk of bone cancer. Symptoms of bone cancer can vary depending on the size and location of the tumor. Pain is the most common symptom.
Tumors arising in or around the joints often cause swelling and tenderness.
Tumors can also weaken the bones thus causing fractures. Some other symptoms can be weight loss, fatigue and or anemia. The first step in diagnosing primary bone cancer is a complete medical history and physical examination performed by a physician. The doctor may order a blood test to determine the level of an enzyme called alkaline phosphatase. However, it isn't a completely reliable indicator for bone cancer since growing bones in children will cause the enzyme to be elevated.