The problem with the leadership-targeting model is that precious little empirical evidence exists to show how or even if such a targeting strategy will work. Theoretically, the concept is logical, almost commonsensical, but one finds few instances in history when a leadership change has led to a change of policy benefiting the attacker. If, on the other hand, Clarke's intent is merely to influence incumbent leaders and not replace them, the method of how, exactly, one does so is not obvious. It may be unfair to cast stones at Clarke over this issue. His basic theme is an inherently useful and important one.
Small nations have limited resources with which to gain their ends.
Precision attack by air now offers substantial opportunities for the small powers because it combines low risk with low cost to achieve large results. Strategy, Air Strike and Small Nations is fascinating reading for all planners, strategists, and airmen. The conclusions and opinions expressed in this document are those of the author cultivated in the freedom of expression, academic environment of Air University. They do not reflect the official position of the U.S. Government, Department of Defense, the United States Air Force or the Air University.