The recrudescence is milder than the initial infection, however. Treatment is similar to that for epidemic typhus. Immunizing vaccines are available if an outbreak of typhus occurs or threatens. They greatly reduce the chance of infection, or modify the effects of the disease. Travelers should be vaccinated before visiting countries where the disease is prevalent.
Some countries require proof of such protection before admitting a visitor.
Insect and rodent control are of great importance in the prevention and control of typhus. Frequent bathing and changes of underclothes are vital. Outer garments should be sterilized by steam to kill the louse eggs. Fleas and mites are more difficult to control than lice. The best method is to destroy the rodents on which they live.