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Steel remains Pittsburgh's chief manufacture.
Glass, machinery, chemicals, mine-safety equipment, petroleum products, paper goods, and electrical equipment are also produced. After the 1960s, as the number of those employed in the steel industry declined, the city's economic base underwent a dramatic shift from manufacturing to service industries and commercial enterprises. Once a major center for corporate headquarters, many departed in the 1990s, a period, however, that saw the vigorous growth of high-technology companies. Printing and publishing are also important. Licensed from Columbia University Press.