Sir Richard Bingham becomes president of Connacht. Fiach MacHugh O'Byrne makes a token submission to Perrot. Richard Stanihurst's De Rebus in Hibernis Gestis , published in Antwerp, gives an 'Old English' account of Irish history that will annoy Gaelic Irish writers. It will later be banned in Portugal after Philip O'Sullivan Beare complains to the Inquisition. The English now largely control Munster, Leinster and Connacht.
War breaks out between England and Spain.
Bingham hangs the leaders of the Burkes. Hugh O'Neill, who has been brought up the Pale, becomes earl of Tyrone. 6,194 are reported drowned, killed or captured, but northern lords aid the escape of up to 500 to Scotland. Fiach MacHugh O'Byrne makes a token submission to Fitzwilliam. Bingham wages war against the Gaelic Irish chiefs of north Connacht.