Formal norms have generally been written down and specify strict rules for punishment of violators. By contrast, informal norms are generally understood but are not precisely recorded. Mores are norms deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society, often because they embody the most cherished principles of a people. Folkways are norms governing everyday behavior. Society is less likely to formalize folkways than mores, and their violation raises comparatively little concern.
Sanctions are penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm.
Conformity to a norm can lead to positive sanctions such as a pay raise, a medal, a word of gratitude or a pat on the back. Negative sanctions include fines, threats, imprisonment and stares of contempt. Values influence people's behavior and serve as criteria for evaluating the actions of others. There is often a direct relationship among the values, norms and sanctions of a culture. Conflict theorists agree that a common culture may exist, but they argue that it serves to maintain the privileges of some groups rather than others.