Transformers Transformers Two forces, two velocities Springs, dampers, and masses served to relate forces to motions. For instance, with force as an input, a damper produces a velocity as a consequence. Force sources produce a force, ignoring their velocity. Now we come to transformers.
Transformers serv to transform a force and a velocity into another force and another velocity.
In other words, transformers relate two velocities and two forces. The simplest transformer is the lever . They are two equations characterizing a lever. The second equation is obtained using geometric continuity. The minus sign is consistent with the drawing above and the fact that if the lever goes down on one end, it is going up on the other end.