Bob Samples calls science a ballet of the mind. To create children who are scientifically literate, we must give up the protection of the illusion of certainty and be open to risk and authenticity.
Surprise is the birthplace of learning.
Surprise is a disruption in one's belief system, or an admission of ignorance. There are access routes to multiple intelligences. Since children tend to act the way they are expected to act, they often substitute conformity for learning. How often they're exposed to learning experiences is key. Ambiguity is the heart of real learning, but our traditional educational system stresses exactness and specificity.