If observers maintain size constancy over viewing distance, it follows that they have an accurate spatial representation of distance. Successful basketball shooting also implies an error free proprioceptive representation of space. An accurate spatial representation suggests that factors other than misestimation of viewing distance are principal causes of the observed size illusion. Further research is planned to assess parameters that contribute to this illusion in both real world and virtual reality settings. Estimated size of a basketball hoop relative to the size of a basketball at random viewing distances from 0 to 50 ft.
Viewers consistently underestimate hoop size regardless of viewing distance.
Estimated size of a traffic light lens at four viewing distances. Viewers consistently underestimate lens size regardless of viewing distance.