The formal elements are the basic components from which 2D designs are composed. Line may be defined as a connection between two points, as a series of adjacent points, or as a point in motion. The first definition emphasizes the power of line to divide or connect different areas in a composition. The inherent dynamism of line is beautifully expressed in the second definition.
Shape is created by a closed line, or by a solid color or value.
Geometric shapes dominate the constructed environment of bridges, buildings and machines, and frequently occur in the patterns developed by pre-technological societies. Organic shapes are generally found in the natural world. Texture refers to the visual or tactile surface of a shape or field. Texture can add visual weight and volume to shapes, creating the illusion of three-dimensionality. It can also help distinguish shapes within a monochromatic composition.