Kinau, a regent to the young Kauikeaouli, returns from Kawaiahao Church. Mexican and Californian cowboys arrive on Big Island to teach the cattle business. Tidal wave hits Hilo, killing 14 people. Queen's Hospital in the early days. Chinese contract laborers arrive.
Smallpox epidemic kills thousands.
Queen's Hospital opens. Father Damien with orphans near hospital compound at Kalaupapa in the 1870s. The Royal Order of Kapiolani Officer Cross, now in Iolani Palace, was created in 1880 to reward excellence in the arts, sciences and service to the kingdom. King Kalakaua revives the hula. Norwegian and German laborers arrive.