Wide range and combination of properties possible by control of matrix microstructure. Limitations are difficult to weld. Longer heat treatment cycle times compared with nodular cast iron. Limitations are very brittle -must be subjected to compressive loads only, unless supported. All white irons require careful running and feeding if shrinkage in castings is to be avoided and hence yields are lower than for grey irons.
White irons are un-machinable and are finished by grinding when necessary.
Improved toughness and wear resistance. Limitation is that extra cost must be justified by high performance or longer life. Higher hardness and toughness than other types of white iron. Low carbon compositions have higher toughness but lower hardness. Limitations are cost of higher alloy content must be justified by improved performance or longer service.