In each of the following situations, identify whether the chemical is acting as a pheromone, an allomone, a kairomone, or a synomone. This substance suppresses aggressive behavior in ants and allows the beetle to enter ant nests and raid the food stores. This signal ensures that her own offspring will have an adequate food supply. A braconid wasp parasitizes the tobacco hornworm. The wasp is attracted to its host by a characteristic odor that is produced by the hornworm as a by-product of nicotine detoxification.
Some aphids produce an odor that attracts ants.
The ants guard and protect the aphids from predators and also feed on honeydew excreted by the aphids. Visual communication may involve reflection of light or production of light. Give an example of each.