Young men are at highest risk for using tobacco products but the incidence in women is increasing. Smokeless tobacco use is highest in the Southeast region, followed by the Central Plains and Western states. Its use is lowest in the Northeast region of the United States. Bowel tone and activity increases along with saliva and bronchial secretions. Stimulation of the central nervous system may cause tremors in the inexperienced user, or even convulsions with high doses.
Stimulation is followed with a phase that depresses the respiratory muscles.
As a euphoric agent, nicotine causes arousal as well as relaxation from stressful situations . Nicotine's effects upon hormonal activities of the body is also evident. It elevates the blood level of glucose and increases insulin production. It stimulates memory and alertness, enhancing cognitive skills that require speed, reaction time, vigilance, and work performance. As a mood-altering agent, it tends to alleviate boredom and reduce stress and reduces aggressive responses to stressful events.