Second graders know that every sentence must begin with a capital letter and end with a period, question mark or exclamation mark. They learn to use quotation marks to show when someone is talking. They are starting to learn how to use commas. Second graders correctly spell most one syllable words. They now know many ways to spell different vowel sounds.
Second graders learn to add suffixes and prefixes to words.
Second graders learn that they can change a word by adding a suffix or prefix. The word sing can become singer by adding the suffix -er. Happy can become unhappy by adding the prefix -un. Second graders do a lot of their own editing. They will also go back and add more details after their first draft.