While reading Paper Number 10 is a start, reading only that one Paper is like reading one chapter in any book. It only gives you a tiny bit of the story. To understand how our government was formed and supposed to function, the entire 85 Papers need to be read. It covered most of the issues discussed in the Paper. Just thought I'd throw my 2-cents in on a couple of points.
Senators follows under the republican principle.
In a republic, the people elect people who either administer the government or who appoint or elect other people to administer the government. They elect electors. The electors vote for president. The people administering the government are not meant to echo the views of the population. But it doesn't not require absolute compliance to every sudden breeze of passion or every transient impulse aroused within the people by clever men who flatter the community's prejudices to betray their interests.