The number of animals is also reviewed to ensure that the study involves no more animals than are necessary. Because universities and research institutions acquire animals directly from pounds or licensed dealers, there is virtually no market for trade in stolen animals for research purposes. When a pet animal is stolen, it is usually for resale as a pet, guard or hunting dog, or for illegal gaming activities. In October 1986, Massachusetts prohibited the use of any pound-delivered animal for research or educational purposes. Care Proper care is defined in Federal law, regulations and guidelines.
Some states also have laws governing conduct of research with animals.
They set standards and practices for transportation, housing, cleanliness, diet, veterinary care, and use of anesthetics or analgesics. USDA representatives make periodic unannounced inspections to ensure compliance with standards for housing, feeding and watering, cleanliness, ventilation and veterinary medical care. It sets penalties for violations, including fines and the closing of a facility. Institutions must implement the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. The guide sets standards for animal care, including housing, cleanliness, husbandry and veterinary care.