Automated sequencers label primers with fluorescent dyes rather than radioactively. Each of the four reactant mixtures is labeled with a different color dye. The output is like that shown in Figure 10-24. One of the functions of cloning is to provide a method for producing large numbers of copies of DNA regions. When the solution is cooled, complementary synthetic DNA primers bind to the 3 ends of the single strands.
Temperature is cycled in the lab between hot and cooler temperatures.
Restriction mapping of DNA uses the unique recognition sites of restriction enzymes to locate landmarks along the DNA molecule.