Sharma et al. It is orthodox and will retain viability for at least a year if properly dried and stored in seated containers. No pretreatment is needed. Germination starts 1-2 weeks after sowing and is completed 2 weeks later. Transplanting into containers can begin 4-5 weeks after germination.
Young seedlings are liable to damage by ants and defoliation by frost and are very often killed.
Most planting is done with containerized seedlings, although bare-rooted seedlings have proven successful given proper lifting and handling and nioist site conditions. Direct sowing is an alternative. The seed must be fresh and have a high germination capacity. Ample quantities should be used, and the seed sown on exposed mineral soils. Good results are obtained when soil from under old trees is mixed with seed to facilitate even broadcasting and to introduce Frankia .