In order to improve the quality of teachers, it is necessary not only to encourage teachers to train themselves but also to help them by expanding and improving the in-service training system. The Ministry of Education and prefectural boards of education have hitherto been endeavoring to undertake various study meetings, training courses, etc., aimed at the enhancement of teachers' quality, while continuing efforts for improvement of their content. The major types of study meetings, training courses, etc. for teachers at the upper. Such programs as sending teachers to national universities for study of a specified period, having teachers receive industrial education at universities or enterprises in Japan and having teachers of special education study at universities in Japan have been implemented with the cooperation of universities. Implemented for in-service training of university teachers are such programs as dispatching teachers overseas for study, dispatching teachers to international study meetings, having young teachers study at certain research institutions in Japan, and the like.
Teachers are free to utilize the summer vacation, etc. to receive in-service training.
During the period of in-service training, teachers are entitled to pay in some states such as California, but are not in others. There are also some states where the tuition and otlter fees charged for in-service training are subsidized. In France, in-service training programs are promoted by the Ministry of Education. Lehramtsanulrters are obligated to participate in in-service training courses in every state, though the period and type of courses differ from state to state. In-service training through television and radio as well as in universities has also been undertaken.