Physical - includes pushing, shoving, slapping, hitting with fist, kicking, choking, grabbing, pinching, pulling hair, or threatening with weapons. Sexual - includes forced sex with the threat of violence, sex after violence has occurred, or the use of objects or damaging acts without the woman's consent. Destruction of property or pets. The causes are rarely physiological, nor does the use of alcohol cause the violence to occur. However, the problems of violent behavior are not caused by the alcohol or chemical substance.
Violence is a learned behavior or learned response to stress, frustration and anger.
In a broader context, it is a result of unequal power between men and women. Violence is learned, and it is passed on from generation to generation. Most have been abused or neglected during their childhood, or have witnessed violence in their homes while growing up. Generally expressing either happiness or anger, but nothing in between. They may even constantly monitor her activities.