The Canadian Journal of Economics is a bilingual scientific publication in the sense that papers can be and are published in it either in French or in English. The public bodies which grant money to insure that the Journal survives pay considerable attention to that dimension of bilingualism. However, if bilingualism was defined in terms of the readership of the French and English papers published, the 'degree of bilingualism' would surely be very different. Francophone economists who no doubt pay some sort of attention to citations, if not to citation indexes, seem to know that on the second acceptation, the Journal is not very bilingual. The University of Toronto is officially bilingual in Canada's two official languages.
Students can therefore write term papers and exams in English or in French.
Whether these can be properly graded is, however, a different matter. We have had, in the Department of Economics, every year for many years a small number of francophone students, not all of whom have been perfectly at ease in English. To my knowledge, none has ever made use of the formal bilingual status of the University, certainly because they know that it is not really bilingual. For those who do not know English nor the local languages, air travel can be bumpy, especially if some unforeseen events occur. I mention two other forms of social bilingualism, both of which are the product of the language policies of the Canadian Government.