Only if we understand the relationships between the elements of reality in which we live are, can we project the consequences of any action. Only if we know what is in the bottle can we choose correctly to drink or not to drink. If we don't know but guess what is in the bottle is water, and we are wrong, we will die. While not always this obvious, for human beings, knowledge is always a matter of life and death. By values we mean those essential ideas or principles by which all right and wrong choices are guided .
Values identify what is good and distinguish the good from the bad.
Good is that which we act to achieve, gain, or keep. Bad is that which we act to avoid, eliminate, or loose. Values are a hierarchical system by which the good is identified in relationship to a highest good or ideal. Values are both relative and absolute. Values are relative in the sense that to be good, something must be good to someone for something .