If society does not pro-vide them they will inevitably invent their own.
Youth gangs work.
If they did not, young people would create something else. Of course, they are used for strong-arming people, smuggling drugs, protection and even murder. But that does not explain why their numbers and names continue to grow. What clearly does not work is social retribution and there is good reason why. In the tough suburbs the teenage rituals enacted daily are far older than the justice system itself.