Scientists label the probe with florescent markers or radioactive markers so that the gene of interest can be visualized. The membrane is then exposed to a labeled probe. The probe will then hybridize to the DNA segments that contain the complementary sequences. Since the probe is labeled, the researcher is able to visualize the DNA fragments that were produced from the restriction enzymes. When the probe is bound to the restriction fragment a band is formed on the membrane.
Scientists can then analyze the bands and determine the genetic composition of an individual.
The ability of scientists to screen humans for certain genetic abnormalities has led to four situations in which the ethics of genetic screening come into play. They are embryo and fetal screening, neonatal screening, carrier screening, and testing for economic reasons. Embryo and fetal screening A natural instinct in all parents is to have perfect children. All parents would like to have children that are free from diseases. This has led to screening of children before they are born.