With an asthma attack, the air passages in the lungs tighten. The thin, inner linings of the air passage tubes become swollen and inflamed. Mucous produced in these tubes increases and thickens, making it harder to breathe. During an asthma attack, the chest feels tight and it may be difficult to speak. Often it is easier to inhale than to exhale.
Treatment depends on the severity of the symptoms.
Some drugs are taken by mouth or given by injection. Others are inhaled using inhalers or nebulizers. Breathing may be monitored using a peak flow meter. This device allows individuals to measure their own lung capacity so daily results can be tracked and their healthcare provider notified of any change. Even a small change in breathing capacity may mean a change is needed in a treatment plan.