This includes entomological literature, names of taxa, description data and assignment to the systematics, names and biographic data of entomologists, faunistics, biological and other notes. Modelling of the data structure and normalizing the data, necessary for designing and programming databases, do not reduce these problems. On the contrary, many additional data are necessary to make possible a complete retrieval of data. All the spellings mentioned above are to be considered to be valid, from the point of view of taxonomists - objective synonyms. Furthermore, misspellings are possible and to be found.
Similar problems result from the use of vernacular spellings.
The same code is used for all variations. Unfortunately their names often do not reflect the alterations of the sense. Consequently, the usage of the names become ambiguous. That means, databases should be able to store the sense in addition to a name. The examples show some of the difficulties, which are to be found between feeding data into and retrieving them from a database.