The width of the laneway is dependent on topography, drainage requirements, intended uses and the size of the herd. One metre in width for each 20 cows, up to a maximum 8 metres is generally adequate. The slope across the track should be sufficient to shed water and be comfortable for the cows. Avoid right angle bends as these slow cow movement, use curves to change laneway direction. The gradient of laneways influences the ease of stock and vehicle movement.
Steep gradients reduce the speed of vehicles and limit the pace of stock movement.
Excessive gradients also complicate the design and construction of laneways, and increase the cost of construction and maintenance. Use trafficable spoon drains and import material from 'borrow' area to form causeways on flat land. Where the dairy yard or the concrete section of laneways meet the gravel section, it is critical that drainage does not run onto the gravel, as this will erode the laneway. To avoid this problem, slope the concrete back from the junction or form a kerbing on the edge of the concrete to control drainage. Cows should be encouraged to move away from the shed after milking as accumulated manure will form a barrier to drainage along the edges of the laneway in the vicinity of the shed, ultimately causing breakdown of the laneway.