Population Demographic Transition Theory Technology and modernization are the critical factors in population growth and limited population growth. More children passed through infant mortality stage and into their reproduction years. The low death rate is due to technological advancement, food that is plentiful and more nutritious, improved sanitation, and less disease. Children are seen as a liability rather than an asset.
Women are more educated as well.
Birthrates continue to fall because of dual family income. USA is in Stage 4, but still in Stage 3 demographically speaking. Russia has a slow population growth despite not being technologically advanced. Family Planning if contraceptives are available and family planning awareness is distributed, fertility will be reduced and countries can then develop. Bangladesh a very poor country with a low fertility rate because people are aware of family planning.