These concepts are applied to the characterization of a second order systems. Gage Block Calipers and two different micrometers are used to measure the thickness of a gage block. Multiple measurements are made by each of several students in a group. Comcepts of accuracy, precision, resolution, and uncertainty are applied.
Standard deviation is computed.
It behaves as a second order system with friction. The step and the frquency response are measured. This leads to application of concepts of slew rate, overshoot, resonance, damping, and Bode plots. The period of a pendulum is measured using a stop watch and again using an electronic counter with an optical sensor. Uncertainty associated with time resolution of the measuring device is determined.