Proteins are substances made up of amino acids. A cell's structures are built chiefly of proteins. Proteins called enzymes speed up chemical reactions in a cell. Ribosomes are tiny bodies in a cell that are involved in protein production. It carries out DNA's instructions for making specific proteins.
Somatic cells are all the cells in a multicellular organism except the sex cells.
Somatic cells contain two of each type of chromosome. Mature sex cells contain only one of each type of chromosome.