They are most often removed through a thoracotomy by opening the external muscle coat of the esophagus without esophagectomy. Circumferential involvement of the esophagus with friable squamous cell carcinoma is shown. Note the narrowed lumen. This is the most common type of malignancy in the proximal esophagus and presents with dysphagia. This endoscopic view demonstrates esophageal varices occurring as the result of cirrhosis or other diseases effecting the portal circulation.
Varices can be straight, bead-like or nodular and tortuous.
Note the red spots on these varices which is a useful sign that indicates recent bleeding. Gastritis may be acute or chronic. This slide shows severe, nonspecific gastritis of the corpus and fundus. There is coarsening of fold pattern, erythema, and mucus accumulation. The coarsening of fold pattern is more characterisitc of chronic gastritis.