Latex, the sap of the Hevea brasiliensis tree, has been used in the manufacture of medical equipment since 1888 when the first surgical rubber gloves were manufactured. Although the cause of rubber allergy in individuals with spina bifida is not known, it is theorized that sensitization may occur from the early, intense, and constant exposure to rubber products through multiple surgeries, diagnostic tests and examinations, also from bladder and bowel programs. Exposure to latex can occur when products containing rubber come in contact with a person's skin or mucous membranes such as the mouth, eyes, genitals, bladder or rectum.
Serious reactions can also occur when latex enters the bloodstream.
Some cases of severe reaction following injection of medication through latex stoppers, IV ports or syringes have been reported. In addition, the powder from balloons or gloves can absorb particles and become airborne causing reactions when breathed by a latex sensitive person. Food that has been handled by latex gloves may also cause a reaction, and people who have allergic reactions to latex may also be allergic to certain foods, including bananas, chestnuts, avocados and kiwi fruit. Although a lot has been learned about rubber allergy in the last few years, the problem is really just beginning to be studied and understood. Interestingly, health care workers such as nurses, doctors, and dentists, individuals born with severe bladder abnormalities, and some people who have had multiple surgical procedures are also at increased risk for rubber allergy although their risk is much lower than it is for individuals with spina bifida.