Vines provide shading and cooling. Grown on trellises, vines can shade windows or the whole side of a house. Orientation of the house and surrounding landscaping has a large effect on energy consumption. Fences, walls, other nearby buildings, and rows of trees or shrubs block or channel the wind. Bodies of water moderate temperature but increase humidity and produce glare.
Trees provide shade, windbreaks, and wind channels.
Pavement reflects or absorbs heat, depending on whether it is light or dark in color. Just as wearing white clothes reflects the sun's heat from your body, a white or light-colored roof will help reflect the sun's heat away from your home. This strategy works particularly well when trees are located next to the reflecting surface. Not only does the tree provide shade, it absorbs the reflected sunlight for photosynthesis. In the process, water evaporates from the tree, cooling the air around the house.