Researchers using the HST then came up with a seemingly impossible 8 to 12 billion years. In order to get the universe to expand fast enough to create structures in that time, some scientists are returning to an energy force embodied in Einstein's cosmological constant. But adding a cosmological constant, or a small fraction of HDM such as massive neutrinos, is not an aesthetically appealing option. Only new, yet more accurate observations will tell. There is also a need to look at smaller structures in greater detail.
Small structures form early and then coalesce into larger ones.
Focusing the virtual X-ray telescope, he has been studying a single cluster. Occurring 300,000 years into the universe's existence, these small-scale events require that more physics be incorporated into the models. All the scales talk to each other. In order to believe your results, you have to have a huge dynamical range. You take a huge chunk of the universe and resolve it on a small scale.