Taking into account the mineralization of bone tissue, one also cannot ignore the role of calcium. The basic inorganic compound of bones is hydroxyapatite, containing calcium phosphate. The far-reaching antagonism between magnesium and calcium affects not only their different distribution in tissues, but also their mutual dislodging from cells. For example, magnesium favours blocking of calcium channels, disturbs oxidative phosphorylation, intensifies bone decalcification and increases muscle-cell diastole, while calcium intensifies contraction. In interactions of F- with Mg and Ca, it should be stressed that it is calcium rather than magnesium that intensifies mineralization processes.
Urolith formation is considered to be pathological.
Formation of uroliths follows crystallization rules. Mg ion reduces the rate of superficial crystal nuclei formation, whereas F- ion accelerates the process. In the formation of uroliths, calcium is the promotor, and magnesium plays the role of the inhibitor. It also should be pointed out that uroliths always contain more Ca than Mg. Proceedings of the Finnish Dental Society 76.