In particular, Brahe compiled extensive data on the planet Mars. However, Johannes Kepler made the monumental discovery of the time. Ironically it was precisely the Mars data that allowed Kepler to develop his three laws describing the orbit of planets around the Sun. Planets revolve around the Sun in an elliptical path, with the Sun occupying one of the foci of the ellipse.
Straight line joining sun and planet sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time.
Squares of planets' orbital periods are proportional to the cubes of the semimajor axes of their orbits. Galileo was first to use telescope to gather evidence proving the earth revolves around the sun. His position represented such a radical departure from accepted thought that he was tried by the Inquisition in Rome, ordered to recant, and forced to spend the last eight years of his life under house arrest. But most of Galileo's projects didn't conflict with the church's interests falling bodies, magnets, floating objects, the tides, compasses, arc of a cannonball, and rolling objects. He informally stated the principles later embodied in Newton's first two laws of motion.