Any original work of authorship that is fixed in some tangible form of expression qualifies for copyright protection. Computer programs, for example, are considered literary works. For example, standard calendars and the common markings on rulers or measuring tapes lack the requisite originality or authorship. Ideas, concepts, or procedures alone are not considered works of authorship and cannot be protected by copyright. A trade secret can be any information not known generally in the trade that is used in business to provide an advantage over competitors.
Trade secrets can create an advantage over competitors in many of the same ways as patents.
Also, the right to use trade secret information can be licensed or the information can be sold outright. Although trade secrets provide no protection against those who independently develop the trade secret information, trade secrets never expire as do patents and copyrights. For example, as long as it is kept secret, the formula to COCA-COLA will remain a trade secret indefinitely. A trade secret can be any information that has value in that it is useful in business and has some cost associated with its development, and is generally and not commonly known in the particular trade. Trade secret rights can be obtained only by developing the information representing the trade secret and maintaining the secrecy of the information.