The soils formed in glacial till or colluvium derived from local phyllite, slate, shale, and schist. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 33 to 50 inches and the frost-free period is 110 to 180 days. These are the Bernardston , Dutchess , Kearsarge , Nassau , and Pittstown soils. Bernardston and Pittstown soils formed in compact glacial till. Dutchess soils are deeper than 40 inches to bedrock and Kearsarge and Nassau soils are less than 20 inches to bedrock.
Surface runoff is medium to very rapid.
Permeability is moderate. Most of these soils are forested. Common trees are oak and hickory species, sugar maple, and eastern white pine. Cleared areas are used for hay, pasture, and corn, or are idle. The series is of moderate extent.