Maintenanceperennial plant parts must survive the dormant season when no Pn Bearing surface. Branch position is extremely important. 45 to 60 from vertical Horizontal branches have a higher percentage of nodes forming spurs. Bearing surface in small fruits Raspberry. The number of nodes on canes affects bearing potential as well as the number of canes per surface area Strawberry.
Yield is more related to the feet of row edge than to total ground area covered with plants.
Yield is related to the number of uprights per ground area and the percentage of these that are bearing. Too many uprights crowd each other and reduce yields. Too few uprights do not capture sunlight efficiently and yields suffer.