Associated anomalies include cleft palate, neurosensory hearing loss, congenital heart defect, intestinal malrotation, renal agenesis, hypertension, mental retardation, color blindness, and other defects. Agenesis of olfactory lobes, motor epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia, and spastic paraplegia. Delayed sexual maturation and mental retardation. Anosmia, deafness, color blindness, and synkinesia.
Some cases are sporadic.