Learn how any gene is regulated through GenBank. Chromosome structure and function. Mechanisms of chromosome division and segregation lead to severe mutations. Yet plants, particularly agricultural crops, are often polyploid. Animal and plant models of disease.
Transgenic plants reveal surprising affinities to human physiology.
Bacterial DNA operates by unique mechanisms, including the promiscuous spread of genes for virulence and drug resistance. Over time, change in DNA sequence leads to new genes and new species. Molecular evolution explains the structure of mitochondria, and the dimorphism between X and Y chromosomes.