An anti-aliasing filter is also called a low pass filter because it only passes low frequencies. Vibration measurement is one of the applications where aliasing is most common. Unexpected high frequency vibrations sometimes occur. Even if the high frequency signal is unimportant, its presence can cause aliasing that alters the data by creating a lower frequency vibration in the data, a signal that is not really present. An anti-aliasing filter is important to remove the aliasing.
Sound measurement is another application where aliasing is very common.
There can be high frequency sounds that are inaudible to a human, but they can cause aliasing, making a lower frequency sound appear in the data. Fast strain and pressure measurements can also have aliasing problems. On the other hand, in some applications aliasing happens rarely or not at all. Temperature and humidity, for example, do not usually change very rapidly and signals are generally not affected by aliasing, primarily because you do not measure frequency. Strawberry Tree offers several models of data acquisition devices with integrating converters that are very good at rejecting noise for measuring slowly changing low level signals, such as thermocouple signals.