The average age of onset is between 35 and 50 years. Women are affected 2 to 3 times more often than men. Diagnosis of RA depends on the patient's clinical presentation. In the majority of patients the symptoms begin gradually over a period of weeks to months. Malaise, fatigue and diffuse musculoskeletal pain are not uncommon.
Specific joints exhibit pain, tenderness, redness, and swelling.
This pattern is of value in differentiating RA from other arthritides. Pulmonary involvement such as restrictive disease, pleural rubs and effusions can be seen. Ocular manifestations in RA are more commonly seen in advanced disease. Exacerbations of the ocular condition will often parallel increased activity of the systemic disease. It presents as burning, irritation and discomfort.