RNA primers are made by primase. DNA chains elongate. Bacteria have evolved very efficient methods to make protein. A typical cell adds 300,000 amino acids per second to growing chains and makes 1000 different kinds of proteins. The core enzyme has the ability to catalyze the polymerization.
Sigma factors give the enzyme the ability recognize their specific promoters.
Major catalytic components. The ribosome is the working surface where all components come together. The process of the mRNA, fMet-tRNA and the ribosome coming together. If they encounter a new SD and AUG, the ribosomes that stay on will begin to translate the next gene on a poly cistronic message.