Direct application of smoke to seeds prior to broadcast seeding improves germination performance and increases the number of seedlings and the number of species germinating. Smoke technology is also the first effective tool for the accurate assessment of the soil seed bank. Before mining takes place, top soil is removed and saved to provide the basis for rehabilitation work. Using smoke technology to germinate the seeds in soil samples, it is now possible to analyse the top soil and determine the range and abundance of species present. The smoking process is very simple.
Smoke is produced by burning leaves, twigs, clippings, prunings or even paper.
It is then applied by one of two methods. It can be is pumped for 60 minutes into a tent containing seeds or pre-sown seed trays. Research is now under way to devise a more effective way of delivering smoke for minesite restoration. Results of the present research program, if successful, will enable cost-effective use of a new smoke concentrate product. Through these simple techniques, the dedicated researchers on Dr Dixon's team have not only revolutionised the rehabilitation of minesites and degraded lands, but have given us all access to a greater range of native Australian plants.