The compounds inhibit the binding of E. coli bacteria to the urinary tract wall, thus preventing the bacteria from invading the tissues and causing an infection. Treatment with blueberry compounds offers an alternative to the use of antibiotics. Recent work indicates that blueberries contain compounds having anti-cancer properties. They act to induce enzymes that protect against cancer and reduce rapid tumor growth. A survey of the antioxidant capacity of a number of fruits and vegetables conducted by Dr. Ron Pryor of the USDA placed blueberry at the top of the list.
Some reports exist on the favorable effects of blueberries on eyesight.
One study showed that when Israeli fighter pilots were given regular doses of blueberry, their night vision significantly improved. The effects result from the ability of the blueberry compounds to enhance capillary elasticity and permeability of the eye. The molecules in blueberry that are responsible for these medicinal effects are called bioactive compounds. The focus of research in our lab at Rutgers is on certain polyphenolics of blueberry, including anthocyanins, flavonols, and tannins. Functions of anthocyanins in plants include acting as plant colorants, attracting animals for pollination and seed dispersal, and playing roles in light filtration and general metabolism.