An increase in status attainment causes an increase in age. An increase in educational attainment causes an increase in status attainment in occupation, controlling for several variables. An increase in drowning causes an increase in ice cream consumption. An increase in conservatism causes a religious conversion, controlling for several variables. More males than females frequent bars.
Smoking is a necessary and sufficient cause of lung cancer.
A high GPA is a necessary and sufficient cause for occupational success. All are true. None are true. The traditional deductive model begins with theory construction. When attempting to implement the traditional deductive model of research, two basic problems that occur are operationalization is rarely unambiguous, and collection of empirical data is problematic.