Students are familiar with and can apply polar coordinates and vectors in the plane. In particular, they can translate between polar and rectangular coordinates, and can interpret polar coordinates and vectors graphically. Students are adept at the arithmetic of complex numbers. They can use the trigonometric form of complex numbers, and understand that a function of a complex variable can be viewed as a function of two real variables. They know the proof of DeMoivre's theorem.
Students can give proofs of various formulas using the technique of mathematical induction.
Students know the statement of and can apply the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. Students are familiar with conic sections, both analytically and geometrically. Students find the roots and poles of a rational function, can graph the function, and can locate its asymptotes. Students demonstrate an understanding of functions and equations defined parametrically, and can graph them. Students are familiar with the notion of the limit of a sequence and the limit of a function as the independent variable approaches a number or infinity.