September This translation by the NDI Foundation is to assist the lay reader. To provide a clear, accessible interpretation of the original article, we eliminated or simplified some technical detail and complicated scientific language. The NDI Foundation thanks the researchers for their work toward understanding and more effectively treating this disorder. Solute is the more solid part of a solution, e.g., the salt in salt water.
Solvent is the liquid part of a solution, e.g., the water in salt water.
DI is distinguished from uncontrolled diabetes mellitus by the absence of glucose in the urine and by a normal solute excretion rate. Polyuria extends into the sleeping hours, interrupting sleep and leading, in children, to bedwetting. This is the hormone that tells the kidneys to concentrate urine, a process which leads to normal water balance in the body. Nephrogenic DI , which occurs when there is enough AVP , but the kidneys do not respond to its message. Gestational DI , which occurs when there is a deficiency of AVP caused by a marked increase in the ratio in which AVP is metabolized .