A genetic test for prostate cancer could lead to more precise use of the prostate specific antigen, or P.S.A., test by identifying those men in whom the cancer is most likely to progress fastest. Additional genetic tests would guide treatment of breast and ovarian cancer. Three or four genetic tests will help predict an individual's risk for developing coronary artery disease, thus helping to determine when to start drugs and other measures to reduce need for bypass operations. Tests predicting a high risk for diabetes should help encourage susceptible individuals to exercise and control their weight. Those at higher risk might start taking drugs before they develop symptoms.
Scientists have a partial insight into the genetics of osteoporosis.
Tests to detect many potential problems will be performed before birth, or even as part of in vitro fertilization before an embryo is implanted in the womb. If so, there will be debates about the morality. The explosion of information about the new genetics will create a huge problem in health education. More than 120 medical and nursing societies representing virtually every specialty have formed a coalition to develop an educational program combining the Internet and traditional courses. BY 2020, doctors will rely on individual genetic variations in prescribing new and old drugs and choosing the dose.