Students know and understand the chronological organization of history and will be able to group people and events into major eras to identify and explain historical relationships. Students know how to use various processes and resources of historical inquiry. Students understand the nature of societies, that societies are diverse and have changed over time. Students understand the impact of scientific and technological developments on individuals and societies. Students understand political institutions and theories that have developed and changed over time.
Students know that religious and philosophical ideas have been powerful forces throughout history.
Students know how to use maps, globes, and other geographic tools to locate and derive information about people, places and environments. Students know the physical and human characteristics of places and can use this knowledge to define and study regions for the purpose of interpreting patterns of change. Students understand human and physical processes, their interactions, and their effects on the Earth and its people. Students understand how economic, political, cultural, and social processes interact to shape patterns of human populations, interdependence, cooperation and conflict on the Earth's surface . Students know what government is, why it exists, and how it is shaped by civic life and politics at the national, state, and community levels.