Most viewers rely on traditional antennas to receive signals. An earlier BRIF poll of four Kazakhstani cities found that only 8 percent of viewers have cable TV, and only 0.8 percent have a satellite dish 2 .
Television is the Kazakhstan citizenry's primary source for both information and entertainment.
Thus the most popular information source is foreign. Another BRIF poll found that almost 30 percent of Almaty households have a VCR 4 . For local news, television is also the most common source, along with newspapers and journals. In the survey of four cities, local news received ratings of 54 percent, while national news received 33 percent. A second survey, of Almaty viewers, ranked local news second overall in popularity after movies, with a rating of 41 percent, while national news stood at 25 percent 6 .