This study examined the immune response to immunization with the rubella vaccine in 240 12-year old girls. However, at present studies with chronic stress are lacking. Age and chronic stress as risk factors . With regard to the secondary immune response, the review suggested several factors that lead to larger stress-effects on the immune system. These effects include age and the duration of stress.
Stress seems to be particularly harmful in older people who endure chronic stress.
This effect has to be considered on top of the already weaker immune system of older people. Hence, chronic stress in old age may be a serious risk factor. A critical review of the human literature.