The Nile was plentiful with fish, which were considered unclean to wealthy Egyptians, so they never ate fish. Poor Egyptians sometimes had no choice and had to eat fish. Because of the Nile these things were available. Near oases date palms, grapevines, and fig trees grew. An oasis is a fertile area in a desert where plants are able to grow.
Underground water comes close enough to the surface for springs and wells to exist.
Thanks to the Nile's inundation, the desert soil is usable. Each time the Nile flooded it's banks, it deposited rich black soil to use in farming. The Egyptians used this fertile soil mainly for farming. The irrigation of the grain crops was done by the Nile River. Egyptians also used the Nile River for transportation.