Perfectly designed solutions do not exist. All technological solutions have trade-offs, such as safety, cost, efficiency, and appearance. Engineers often build in back-up systems to provide safety. Risk is part of living in a highly technological world. Reducing risk often results in new technology.
Technological designs have constraints.
Technological solutions have intended benefits and unintended consequences. Some consequences can be predicted, others cannot. Although these are science education standards, the relationship between science and technology is so close that any presentation of science without developing an understanding of technology would portray an inaccurate picture of science. Students should be able to identify new problems or needs and to change and improve current technological designs. Students should demonstrate thoughtful planning for a piece of technology or technique.