Most of the cropland is in the less sloping valleys areas, but some is on flat mountain tops. Small grains and hay are the major crops.
Soybeans are an important crop on the Arkansas River bottom land.
Orchards, vineyards, and vegetable crops are important locally. Pastures on the bottom land of small streams and throughout cleared parts of the uplands consist of a mixture of tame and native grasses and legumes. These ridges and valleys are underlain by slightly folded to level beds of sandstone and shale. The intervening valleys are broad and smooth. Local relief is in meters in the valleys and on the flat ridgetops.