Nature of the Work Sociologists study human society and social behavior by examining the groups and social institutions that people form families, communities, and governments, as well as various social, religious, political, and business organizations. They also study the behavior and interaction of groups, trace their origin and growth, and analyze the influence of group activities on individual members. Other sociologists specialize in research design and data analysis.
Sociologists usually conduct surveys or engage in direct observation to gather data.
For example, after providing for controlled conditions, an organizational sociologist might test the effects of different styles of leadership on individuals in a small work group. A medical sociologist might study the effects of terminal illness on family interaction. Sociological researchers also evaluate the efficacy of different kinds of social programs. They might examine and evaluate particular programs of income assistance, job training, health care, or remedial education. Sociologists extensively use statistical and computer techniques in their research, along with qualitative methods such as focus group research and social impact assessment.