This is a simple maxim, but one that is often overlooked by novice and experienced grower alike. It is easier to amend a site before the trees are planted than it is once they are in the ground. To build a good orchard, you need a good foundation. The ideal site is on rolling or elevated land so that cold air can drain during spring frosts. Figure 1 shows typical site arrangements.
Site A is a warm location that receives more sun.
This site is not affected by late spring frosts, because cold air drains to lower-lying areas. Site B also misses late spring frosts, but the top may be too cold in winter because of exposure. Site C is similar to site A but colder, warming up late in the spring. Site D is the most susceptible to spring frosts because cold air drains into it from elevated areas. Site E can still be frosty, but the woods act as a windbreak, sheltering this site from prevailing winds.