For this test, the doctor inserts an endoscope, a long, flexible, lighted tube connected to a computer and TV monitor, into the anus to see the inside of the colon and rectum. The doctor will be able to see any inflammation, bleeding, or ulcers on the colon wall. During the exam, the doctor may perform a biopsy that involves taking a sample of tissue from the lining of the colon to view with a microscope. Sometimes precancerous changes occur in the cells lining the colon. The goals of medical treatment of IBD are to suppress the inflammatory response, permit healing of tissue, and relieve the symptoms of fever, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
Treatment depends on the seriousness of the disease.
Most people are treated with medications. In severe cases, a patient may need surgery to remove the diseased colon. Medications can be introduced in tablet, enema, rectal foam, or suppository forms. Immune modifiers are used to suppress the immune system. Theses include Azathioprine, 6MP Methotrexate, and Cyclosporine.