Practical diets tend to be borderline in pantothenic acid. Corn is a poor source. Choline is required for small pigs. It can be synthesized from methionine. This increases the methionine requirements in choline deficient diets.
Sources are meat and bone meal, soybean oil meal, fish meal and grains.
Practical swine grower rations should contain adequate levels of choline, particularly for heavyweight hogs. Research has shown that feeding pregnant sows supplemental choline generally increases numbers of pigs born and, in some experiments, pigs weaned. Vitamin B 12 is required for growth, hemoglobin and red blood cell formation. It is available in animal byproducts and commercial preparations. Plant products are deficient, and where rations are formulated based primarily on corn and soybean-oil meal, supplemental sources need to be supplied.