Soldiers can maximize glycogen replenishment by consuming carbohydrates within 30 minutes of completing intense activity. They can also enhance recovery by eating small carbohydrate snacks while working. Consuming protein in excess of the amount needed for tissue growth and repair results in the body converting it into fat. If however, the body lacks sufficient supplies of carbohydrate and fat, it breaks down protein to produce energy. Although protein is crucial to the building and repairing of body tissue, it is not a primary source of energy because it is not a readily available source.
Vitamins provide no energy although they are needed for various metabolic reactions.
Vitamin supplements are usually unnecessary if the diet is adequate in all nutrients. They function to maintain fluid balance, blood volume, nerve transmission, muscular contraction, and to control acid and base balance. They must drink even when they don't feel thirsty since thirst sensation is a poor indicator of the need for fluids. In summary, as long as soldiers know the facts about proper nutrition, they have the knowledge to prevent injury or illness, to maximize their performance, and to ensure completion of the mission. The University of Iowa.