Students identify the knowledge that may not be available yet which is needed to address an issue. Students construct explanation. Students formulate conjectures and hypotheses. Students test their own understanding of concepts. Classroom talk is accountable to generally accepted standards of reasoning.
Students challenge the quality of each other's evidence and reasoning.
Classroom talk is accountable to standards of evidence appropriate to the subject matter. I have the right and obligation to understand and make things work better. Problems yield to sustained effort. Skills Cognitive Social Disposition Habits of mind. Tendency to try actively to analyze problems, ask questions, and get information.