The key to diagnosing SBS is neuroimaging. It may be helpful for continued management and prognosis. As long as the fontanelle is still open ultrasound can identify an intracranial hemorrhage. A negative head ultrasound, however, does not rule out intracranial pathology. All patients who are suspected of abuse must have a long bone skeletal survey to check for new or healing fractures, which will also aid in diagnosis.
Supportive care is the mainstay of treatment in child abuse.
Blood pressure and vital signs should be supported and maintained. Provide mechanical ventilation as needed. Treat increased intracranial pressure, if present. In the presence of subdural hematoma, surgical evacuation may be necessary. The ophthalmologist is required for the initial evaluation and possibly for the follow-up as well.