In this system the coolant circulates through the engine block, cools the exhaust pipes and the turbocharger and is recooled in the heat exchanger. This results in the maximum cooling of the combustion air. The crankcase and cylinder block are cast in one piece in gray cast iron. Wet replaceable cylinder liners and generous wall thickness and functional ribbing ensure stability under the most rigorous testing conditions. The cylinder heads are of a cross-flow design for each cylinder with integral swirl intake and exhaust ducts on opposite sides.
Valve actuation is performed via tappets, push rods and rocker arms.
6-cylinder engines have a torsional vibration damper mounted at the front of the engine. Connecting rods are drop-forged, strait split, and removable through the top of the cylinder. The pistons are constructed of a special aluminum alloy with ring carrier for top piston ring. The piston head is cooled by a lubricating oil jet. Lubrication Forced feed lubrication is handled via a gear pump for the crankshaft, conrod and camshaft bearings, valve train and , with turbo-charged engines, for exhaust gas turbocharger.