Smelt - To melt ores, separating the metallic constituents. Strain - A measure of the fractional increase in gauge length of the tension specimen due to the application of a given load. Strain Hardening - A response to cold rolling whereby the metal becomes harder and stronger with each pass through the rollers. Also known as work hardening. Stress - Measure of force acting on a cross section that is perpendicular to the gauge length of the tension specimen.
Stress is measured as force per unit area.
Strip is differentiated from foil because it is thicker - between 0.005 and 0.015 inches. The measurement of the differences in height between the microscopic peaks and valleys on the surface of the metal. Temper - Generally describes the mechanical properties of wrought metals. Tensile Strength - The value at which stress causes a material to fracture. Tension Leveling - Similar to roller leveling, but tension is applied as the metal passes over and under the rollers.