South American, African, Middle Eastern, and Indian species may grow up to 7 inches in length. In general, if the scorpion has thick, heavy pincers, the sting is painful but not deadly. If, however, the pincers and slender and weak, the scorpion is more likely to be lethal. The toxin contained in the stinger of scorpions contains a mixture of substances. This symptoms, which may present in adults is much more common in children.
Treatment is with anti-venin.
Toads and frogs also produce bufotenins and serotonin, which produce hallucinogenic reactions. Refer to the section on Cardiovascular Toxicity for a further discussion of these toxins. Many snake venoms will contain a mixture of these toxins, so that a combination of symptoms will present following envenomation. Envenomation will present as swelling, dema, and pain within 10 min. Death is generally due to respiratory paralysis or convulsions.