The Labour Department argues that reducing disparities for disadvantaged groups in the labour market requires solutions that are appropriate, effective and responsive to the needs of these groups. The department recommends several role models to draw on in order to further develop the concept of community employment initiatives. The Labour Department's papers also reinforce that training is an important component of the menu of assistance available to move people into employment. It notes that the vast majority of those who have been unemployed for a long time have very low skill levels. This may not be true for New Zealand.
Similar relativities arise for different demographic groups, industries and educational levels.
Whilst some people may receive a lot of education, it may not help them in getting jobs in growth areas, or in establishing their own businesses. The full version of this Briefing Paper to the Incoming Minister is available to the public on the internet.