They are circulated in map tubes. For a list of holdings, click here . Hammond atlases are particularly good for administrative sub-divisions. This information can be found in many places. U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps are very good sources for township, range and section numbers.
World atlases give similar information for other countries.
A more current edition is kept in the main floor Reference area. Access this through the Government Information and Maps home page or click here . It is also possible to determine latitude and longitude from atlases, USGS topographic sheets, and other maps, but this is not generally as precise as looking it up in a gazetteer. Folders are indexed on the cards inside the lid of each case. There are instructions inside the case.