From an evolutionary perspective, women need this body fat to meet the demands of lactation and work effort. The amount of body weight devoted to fat alters the proportions of other body tissues. Muscle groups that have been modified in women include muscles of the hip, thigh, and leg, which provided braking and balance functions. Women are capable of endurance in long-distance walking and running and their thigh muscle strength is similar to that of men s. Humans share with other apes a large clavicle, a broad and flat chest, and well-developed shoulder and arm musculature.
Women are less muscular in their upper trunk and upper limbs.
Even so, women are capable of heavy work and they do such work throughout their lives. Mobility, Work, and Reproduction For most of history, humans had a nomadic way of life. It is under these conditions that human lives and bodies evolved. Kung in Botswana provides a perspective on how nomadic life affects women. In foraging and horticultural societies, women perform the same range of tasks as men.