These materials will compost readily without being blended with other ingredients. Examples include horse manure mixed with bedding, spoiled alfalfa hay, and deciduous leaves. These materials are handy for ensuring the success of hot compost piles. Mixing bulking agents with energy sources provides the right balance of moisture, air and nutrients for rapid composting. Grinding, cutting, smashing, or chopping raw materials reduces particle size.
Small particles have more surface area for microbial activity and are easier to mix.
Woody branches that have not been ground often make it difficult to turn a pile. They also decompose very slowly. We suggest grinding or chipping woody branches, or piling them separately. Contrary to advice in many publications, layering is not the best way to build a pile. If all the materials are on hand, mix them thoroughly throughout the pile.