It is common in urban and industrial environments subjected to a variety of pollutants, along highways, and on the tailings and refuse associated with both coal and heavy-metal mining activities. The capsules are held horizontally on the end of a long fruit stalk. Generally fruits abundantly. Wind is the main method of spore dispersal. Spore germination a two-phase process.
Spores first swell then distend.
This movement helps to jerk the capsules, helping in spore discharge. Spores have remained viable even after drying for 16 years.