Enthalpy of solution is the algebraic sum of lattice energy and enthalpy of hydration, and is generally small. 3 is insoluble in water, NaOH is very soluble. Explain in terms of lattice energies. Look up the melting points of aluminum hydroxide, and also for sodiudm hydroxide. Decide which has the lower lattice energy.
Sugar is a covalent polar compound.
Oil is also a colvalent compound, but is non-polar. Water and oil do not form a solution. Water is a preferred solvent for ionic and polar solutes. Water does not readily form solutions with non-polar substances. And the reverse is true for non-polar solvents such as benzene, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride.