Scientists have identified a novel mechanism behind the decrease in strength of synapses in the brain, a process that leads to the creation of memories and their long-term storage. The increase or decrease in strength among synapses, and subsequent changes in memory, are based on sensory-driven experiences. Synaptic strengthening or weakening also occurs during the brain's development.
Synapses are the connections between neurons, or nerve cells.
The study was conducted in rats. The finding suggests that experience or activity in the mammalian brain can regulate individual synapses, said lead investigator Kimberly Huber, a post-doctoral researcher at Brown. This is the first demonstration in mammals that when synapses change, the modification depends on new proteins created specifically at the site. This synaptic chemical activity is an efficient way for the brain to make new proteins and change existing ones rapidly, Huber said. The mechanism appears to be a viable way for the brain to express its changes.