Types of Genetic Testing Carrier Identification includes genetic tests used by couples whose families have a history of recessive genetic disorders and who are considering having children. Prenatal Diagnosis is genetic testing of a fetus. This may occur when there is a risk of bearing a child with genes associated with mental retardation or physical deterioration. Down Syndrome is one of the most common genetic diseases screened by this method. Newborn Screening is frequently done as a preventative health measure.
Tests usually have clear benefit to the newborn because treatment is available.
Phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism are conditions for which testing is conducted in all 52 states. Late-onset Disorders include adult diseases such as cancer and heart disease. These diseases are complex and have both genetic and environmental causes. Genetic tests may indicate a susceptibility or predisposition for these diseases. There are diseases caused by single genes, such as Huntington's disease , that also are seen later in life and can be tested at any time.