Today there is an emphasis on constructivism.
Constructivism involves active participation in the learning process whereby the learner makes connections, is aware that he or she is making these connections, and as a result creates personal knowledge structures. Students must have opportunity to use information and to experience its effects on ones own performance. Learning includes the use of many strategies, such as comparing and contrasting, classifying and elaborating, estimating and judging, predicting and verifying, interpreting and performing, and reflecting. The conceptual frameworks of the teacher and student must be made compatible for mutual understanding to occur.