In contrast, paved areas cannot absorb water and sometimes can increase storm damage by providing a smooth, impervious surface for water to flow over, which increases the speed of flood waters. Coastal wetlands buffer uplands from storm damage. They absorb wave energy and reduce the height of storm waves. Wetland plants bind the soil and help slow shoreline erosion. These resource areas are so effective in controlling erosion and flooding that some coastal communities plant wetland plants and build artificial dunes to protect property.
Wetlands are important sources of food and shelter for fish and shellfish.
They are spawning and nursery areas for a variety of saltwater and freshwater fish, including herring, flounder, sunfish, and bass. Shellfish like crabs, clams, and bay scallops depend on wetlands such as tidal flats and eelgrass beds for their survival. The fish and shellfish that were spawned in wetlands support the commercial fishing industry and provide food and income for many people. The degradation and loss of wetlands can harm fish and shellfish resources, which, in turn, can impact the fishing industry. Wildlife Habitat Many birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals, insects, and plants depend on wetlands for their survival.