The key differentiating feature between heatstroke and heat exhaustion is that in heat exhaustion there are no mental status changes other than mild confusion. Risk factors for heat exhaustion are similar to those for heatstroke. Often, heat exhaustion can occur in deconditioned people who are unaccustomed to exercising in the heat and develop postural hypotension when they stop working out. Again, the most important factors within the athlete's control are exertion level and acclimatization. Also, avoiding racing in hot conditions as well as walking after a race and not standing around may help prevent postural hypotension.
Treatment consists primarily of removing the athlete from competition.
Cooling the patient is necessary in cases of elevated rectal temperature, but usually this simply involves getting the athlete to a cool shady spot and removing insulating clothes. Elevating the legs to reduce postural hypotension can also be effective. Fluids should be used as indicated by the patient's hydration status. Finally, 'heat syncope' is an orthostatic syncopal episode or dizziness that usually occurs in nonacclimated individuals who may or may not be under heat stress. It can occur with prolonged standing or standing suddenly from a sitting or lying position.