A bedding mattress consists of bedding material sandwiched in a fabric heavyweight polypropylene or other material. Various materials are used as filler long or chopped straw, sawdust, shavings, shredded or ground rubber. Mattresses need to be covered with bedding to reduce friction and to keep the mattress dry. When the lying cow tends to slide around while lying down, the friction between her hide and the lying surface can be abrasive. Chopped straw or similar material on a bedding mattress acts as lubricating layer reducing abrasions to the skin.
Sand sliding over sand has a similar positive effect.
The search goes on for the ultimate freestall bed. Meanwhile, a bed of loose sand and rubber-filled mattresses with organic bedding on top are two methods for satisfying the requirements for freestall beds that promote cow comfort and good udder health. Sand appears to have the advantage. However, either system, properly installed and maintained, can contribute to a desirable environment for the dairy cow. Freestall Care Proper free stall care includes daily inspection and removal of wet bedding and manure, besides adding dry bedding periodically.