Some cows over three years of age may still qualify for grade A if their bones do not show signs of aging and they meet the other quality parameters of the grade. The cost per pound of gain for cows is frequently greater than the sale price per pound because cows are likely to be heavier than steers and hence less efficient at gaining weight. Cost of gain for cows can be 30 per cent higher than the cost per pound of gain for feedlot steers. The seasonal price fluctuation of cull cows by itself is not always sufficient to justify high energy diets. The greatest returns occur when carcass grade is improved.
Young cows can double in value by improved carcass grade.
Since young cows have a greater potential for an improved carcass grade and there is less danger of young cows becoming over fat, it is more profitable to feed younger cows than older ones. Youthful cows can be difficult to identify on a live weight basis. Experienced cattle buyers are more likely to assume the cow is mature and pay accordingly. Since the advantages of placing cull cows in a feedlot are primarily dependant on grade improvement, not being able to accurately identify youthful cows adds further risk when they are sold live. The preferred method of sale will vary depending upon time of year and whether the cows have had a grain feeding period.