This is the second part of the two-semester course.
Semiconductors are an important class of materials widely used in the modern electronics.
Modern devices often use semiconducting structures which can be classified as two-dimensional and even one dimensional. Physics of these structures is very important part of semiconductor physics. In this course the low dimensional structures are studied in parallel with the traditional bulk materials. Two-dimensional structures reveal a lot of new fundamental physics, such as integer and fractional Quantum Hall effects. These two discoveries have been awarded by the Nobel prizes in 1985 and 1998.