Follow proper seeding techniques when establishing alfalfa stands. Poor seeding management will decrease chances of developing a productive alfalfa stand. High yields of good quality forage can result only from well-established, properly managed, productive stands of alfalfa. Select a suitable soil. Alfalfa thrives on deep, well-drained loam, silt loam, or clay loam soils with a pH between 6.2 and 7.5.
Sandy soils can produce excellent alfalfa yields when properly fertilized and irrigated.
When alfalfa is grown on subirrigated sites, permanently wet soil should be at least 3 feet, and preferably 6 or more feet, below the soil surface. Avoid poorly drained soils or those with high water tables because alfalfa will not survive under permanently wet conditions. Alfalfa is also poorly suited for saline or shallow soils. Check fertility of the soil. Take soil samples to determine nutrient requirements before applying fertilizer.