Valleys are narrow and steep sided and have steep gradients. Local relief is in tens of meters. Average annual precipitation - 1,150 to 1,325 mm. Maximum precipitation is in spring and in fall, and the minimum is in midsummer. The moderately high precipitation is adequate for crops and pastures.
Shallow wells are the principal source of water for domestic use.
Small ponds on individual farms provide water for livestock, and springs are numerous on the mountainsides and in the valleys. Deep wells are needed for moderate to large quantities of ground water. Large reservoirs on a few of the major streams are sources of municipal water and also provide flood control and recreation. The major soils are Udults. They are stony and nonstony and medium textured.