Under the water plants such as pond weed, amphibious bistort, millefoil, duckweed and bladderwort occur. In permanently wet drains over acid peat arrowgrass, horsetail, common rush, bulbous rush, whorl grass and floating sweet-grass occur. In drier drains over acid peat the beginnings of a birch woodland can be seen with birch and willow trees, bramble, ivy, rose-bay willow herb and male fern. Acid Bog Hole Bog holes left behind by turf cutters in cutover bogs are usually wet. If the peat underneath is acid, then Sphagnum bog vegetation regenerates.
Sphagnum mosses fill the hole together with sundew, bog cotton and cross-leaved heath.
Alkaline Bog Hole Bog hole left behind by turf cutters which is in filling with fen vegetation. The peat is alkaline and wet. Bog bean and pond weed grow in the open water. Along the margins the vegetation is dominated by purple moor grass and sedges. The canopy trees are of birch and willow.