The internal parasite load is heavy. However, there is no routine worming program and no money for de-worming medications. Veterinary care is sporadic and supplies are grossly inadequate. The quality of the diet is questionable and requires further study. Toxic levels of lead and cadmium were found in the drinking water and elephants may be suffering from chronic lead toxicity.
Tuberculosis is endemic in the human population in Southeast Asia and captive elephants are at risk.
Sumatran Elephant Healthcare and Conservation Program Previous reports and first-hand visits to Sumatra confirm that the problems confronting these elephants cannot be solved by sporadic visits. Continuity of support is essential. Elephants are a keystone species and the Sumatran elephant is the most endangered. They deserve our care. There are Indonesian veterinarians but they need experience and motivation.