Other drugs such as methotrexate, salazopyrine and antimalarials may be associated with defects of sperm cell production. Usually the drugs effect may be found by simply doing a semen analysis. The resulting low sperm numbers or motility or in the case of retrograde ejaculation, the absence of sperm, after apparent ejaculation but with sperm found in the urine sample, points to the diagnosis. Reducing the dose or changing the medication will usually reverse the effects, but may take many weeks to show an improvement. See above information.
Treatment often takes many months to restore the sperm quality to fertile levels.
As in the female, this is used to lower unusually elevated levels of Prolactin. This form of treatment is now seldom used as it may further impair fertility and is hazardous. This may also be used for the treatment of impotence when endogenous Testosterone levels are low. Their use is largely empirical and very controversial as the results are not predictable. Antibiotics Just as in the female, antibiotics can resolve a chronic infection in the reproductive tract in the male.