Listeners may be confused. No communication aids are used, or they are so poorly prepared that they detract from the presentation. Depth of Content Speaker draws upon relevant literature in a way that reflects thorough understanding of key concepts and theories. Applications of theory are included to illuminate issues. Listeners gain insights.
Speaker demonstrates good understanding of concepts and theories.
Some helpful applications are included. Reference to theory is superficial. Little attempt is made to tie theory to practice. Listeners gain little from the presentation. No reference is made to literature or theory.