Although there is no single set of strategies which will ensure high quality learning, it is possible to identify some key characteristics of effective learners. Effective learners are positive about learning, have cognitive skills appropriate to the learning task, take responsibility for their own learning, and use metacognitive strategies to reflect on and control the learning process. Metacognition refers to the individual's knowledge about his or her own learning and thinking, and control over both in order to complete learning tasks successfully. By using metacognitive skills, the learner is able to plan, monitor, and evaluate learning. The above characteristics typically describe learners who are self regulated in their learning.
Self regulation allows learners to be active participants in their own learning.
A deep approach to learning is characterised by conceptions of learning which emphasise the importance of a personal world view and see the task of learning as the understanding of principles rather than the rote learning of unrelated bits of largely meaningless information. Learners who adopt a deep approach to learning express a high level of interest in, and satisfaction with, their learning. They are more likely to see new learning as a challenge rather than as an externally imposed burden. Moreover, self regulation increases the probability of retaining new knowledge and skills and using them effectively in the workplace. Most importantly, self regulation of learning encourages independence in learners so that they are more likely to continue learning beyond the initial structured learning experience.