Controlled by neuronal impulses or vasoactive mediators such as nitric oxide, prostaglandins, neuropeptides. Inflammation may further slow clearance. Breach in the mucosa of the alimentary tract, extending through the muscularis mucosa into submucosa or deeper. 1 Villi Villi enhance surface area. On the tips of the columnar absorptive cells we also have microvilli to enhance terminal digestion and absorption.
Terminal digestion involves disachharidases and peptidases in brush border.
An example is in viral gastroenteritis which involves the crypts although in an indirect way. Intestinal cells destruction by rotavirus produces immature secretory cells as replacement. Some minor correlations with age, sex, race Chronic inflammation accompanied by tissue destruction and wound healing. The inflammation is anywhere in the GI, but it is not continuous. Wound healing Regeneration of cells in colon may cause pseudopolyps Inflammation and wound healing causes the wall of the intestine to thicken and so the lumen is narrow .