They also prepare written reports on fire incidents and review fire science literature to keep abreast of technological developments and changing administrative practices and policies. Most fire departments have a fire prevention division, usually headed by a fire marshall and staffed by fire inspectors. Workers in this division conduct inspections of structures to prevent fires and ensure fire code compliance. These firefighters also work with developers and planners to check and approve plans for new buildings. Fire prevention personnel often speak on these subjects before public assemblies and civic organizations.
Some firefighters become fire investigators, who determine the origin and causes of fires.
They collect evidence, interview witnesses, and prepare reports on fires in cases where the cause may be arson or criminal negligence. They are often called upon to testify in court. When an alarm sounds, firefighters respond rapidly, regardless of the weather or hour. Fire fighting involves risk of death or injury from sudden cave-ins of floors, toppling walls, traffic accidents when responding to calls, and exposure to flames and smoke. Firefighters may also come in contact with poisonous, flammable, or explosive gases and chemicals, as well as radioactive or other hazardous materials that may have immediate or long-term effects on their health.