There is an increasing concern worldwide about reduced crop productivity caused by soil compaction induced by agricultural vehicles and tillage implements.
Soil compaction is the result of soil particles moving closer together due to applied loads.
This is measured by an increase in soil bulk density and soil strength and the end result is a reduction in large pores and an increase in small pores in the soil. Large pores decrease as a result of the rearrangement of soil particles and as points of contact between soil particles increase. Pore continuity decreases, which affects water movement through the soil, aeration of the soil and root growth. The amount of soil compaction depends on the initial soil water content, the number of passes and the soil condition. Water acts a a lubricant and facilitates particle movement.