Aortic Stenosis Possibly secondary to an atherosclerosis or congenital bicuspid aortic valve which ages. In the recumbent position, fluid layers posteriorly causing diffuse haziness to hemithorax. A lateral decubitus film will show layering of fluid in the chest. An effusion can be secondary to CHF, also, renal failure, pneumonia, tumor, trauma, and collagen vascular diseases. Many causes of pleural effusions.
Thoracentesis is a way to sample fluid - pneumothorax is air in the pleural space.
An accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac. An aneurysm is an abnormal dilatation and enlargement of a blood vessel. There is a defect in the media of the vessel and all layers of the vessel are involved in the dilatation. The formation of a secondary lumen by dissection of blood beneath the intima of the aorta. Distal aortic dissection Beyond takeoff of subclavian artery usually treated with aggressive anti-hypertensive.