Typically, a rash occurs, and resolution is seen after the immune system clears the infection. This is a common pattern in children. Some viruses lie dormant in the host's cells and reactivate at a later time, sometimes years later. Another pattern is a chronic infection.
Viruses can infect the skin by direct inoculation, by local spread, or by systemic infection.
The virus growth cycle has four stages. First, the virus attaches to a receptor on the cell's membrane. Second, the virus penetrates the cell either by fusing with the membrane or by being engulfed by the cell and delivered into its interior. Third, the virus is transported into the cell's nucleus where the virus uses the host cell's DNA to reproduce. It occurs in persons who have already had chickenpox.