It is the sole malaria vector in Andamans and Nicobar islands. Different vector species establish their population at different heights where ecology is suited for their survival. Impermeable soil allows water stagnation and creates grounds for mosquito breeding and thus favours malaria. Porous soil is devoid of stagnant water bodies, hence unfavourable for anopheline breeding. Longevity of vectors and the process of parasite development are sensitive to temperature.
Vector species adapts to different temperature threshold depending on the area it occurs.
Low temperature, when duration of parasite development in mosquitoes exceed 30 days i.e. beyond average life span of mosquitoes limits active malaria transmission. At higher temperatures the longevity of mosquitoes is exponentially reduced. The number of breeding sites is generally related to the amount of rainfall for most of the vector species but excessive rains cause flushing, thus killing immature stages. Considering the above close association of vector biology with ecological parameters, rainfall, soil, altitude and temperature were taken in the study. Sandy soil is the characteristic of coastal area, therefore other categories of soil were taken as unfavorable.