A force bounding enclosure is identified. Within that enclosure, a heterogeneous assemblage of atomistic units that can resist destruction are depicted. The system is developed through the character of the interactions under available forces of the atomistic units. Chemistry, for example, is the making, breaking, and exchanging of force-developed bonds among the units. There are only a very few basic forces.
Systems emerge from the cooperation between attractive and repulsive forces.
The atomistic units are in sustained motion. A physics of systems emerges basically from the capability to identify a limited number of process variables that are conserved by the interactive atomistic units during their interactions. Besides equilibrium field processes described by an equation of state, there are near equilibrium steady flow and transient flow processes that can be described by equations of change. Such equations describe both smooth or laminar flow fields, or turbulent and eddying flow fields. This description is good enough to deal with almost all flow processes in the universe such as the big bang expansion of the universe, motion in galaxies, in stars, in planetary plastic or fluid processes, such as magma, waters, and atmosphere, blood flow, water and air transport systems, chemical flows.