In cattle and horses, frog posture is an indicator of hip dislocation, rupture of the adductor muscles, or paralysis of the obturator nerve. Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. Behavioral symptoms of frustration vary among species and may include elevated levels of pacing, grooming, preening, pawing, vocalization, and aggression.
Sustained frustration promotes development of stereotypy or apathy.
Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. An artificial maneuver in which the horse moves sideways in a direction 90 degrees from its median plane. Definition from Hurnik et al., 1995. In a behavioral context, that which is accomplished by a given action. In a statistical sense, a function mathematically defines the relationship between two or more variables.