In attempts to lessen the memorize and repeat mentality often seen in our students, we have undertaken several initiatives in our own classes. First, the students are told early in the term that they will be expected to think for themselves both in class and on tests. We state very clearly that 'memorize and repeat' will not be part of the course, nor will it be rewarded on examinations. This is reinforced by asking for their opinions on issues discussed in class, on assignments, and on exams. We try to see all teaching and learning as teamwork between teacher and student.
Some instructors prepare signed contracts with their students.
We often have to try to encourage students to 'unlearn' old ideas. Spend time with the students either before the first class or in the first class talking about the syllabus, class structure, and teaching methods. The more education becomes cooperative rather than competitive, the more we all learn. A second strategy to encourage self-directed learning is the formation of work groups of about four students. These groups are formed originally to work on a major class project, but they can evolve into social and study groups beyond the project focus.