One colleague from an exclusive eastern liberal arts college reports that his colleagues would prefer salamanders that crawled out of Harvard to excellent candidates from allegedly lesser graduate departments. In general, though, we have had a good record of placement. Recent Puget Sound graduates have been accepted to the well-regarded graduate programs at Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Berkeley, Harvard, Washington, UCSD, Chicago, Colorado, and many others. It all depends. If you are a strong candidate for admission, many programs will offer considerable financial support.
Support comes in several forms.
Most departments have at least some fellowship money around. You serve as a grader in large classes and teach discussion sections. You may find yourself working as a professor's research assistant, or find stray teaching jobs. But this might not be true of all departments. Ask directors of graduate studies about the experiences of students in their programs.