Dark concretions of iron and manganese range from none to common. Flakes of mica are few to common in many pedons. Lithologic discontinuities, noted by stone lines indicative of creep processes, are beneath the solum in some pedons. The soil is very strongly acid to slightly acid, except where limed. The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10R through 7.5YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 2 through 6.
Texture is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, or clay loam in the fine-earth fraction.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10R or 2.5YR, value of 3, and chroma of 2 through 6. Iron accumulations and depletions in shades red, yellow, or brown are in the lower part of the Bt in most pedons. Texture is clay loam, clay, sandy clay, silty clay loam, or silty clay in the fine-earth fraction. The BC horizon, where present, has hue of 10R or 2.5YR, value 3 or 4, and chroma of 4 through 8. Texture is clay loam, silty clay loam, or sandy clay loam in the fine-earth fraction.