A baby born with esophageal atresia needs surgery right away. The type and extent of surgery will depend on what type of esophageal atresia is present and what other congenital defects may exist. Surgery focuses on attaching the two ends of the esophagus together and repairing any tracheoesophageal fistula that may be present. Side effects depend on the treatments used. For example, antibiotics may cause allergic reactions and stomach upset.
Surgery carries a risk of bleeding, infection, and allergic reactions to anesthesia .
Surgical repair of esophageal atresia can increase the infant's risk of hiatal hernia and gastroesophageal reflux disease . Catheters and special suction tubes will usually remain in place after surgery while the baby recovers from surgery and any secondary infection. Special x-rays or scans, such as an endoscopy, may be done to see if treatment is working. Further treatment will depend on any other conditions that exist. Encouraging bonding between parents and child is important in helping the child and family heal.