For example, those with a subdural hematoma may need surgery. Those with an infection may need antibiotics. Side effects depend on the treatments used. All medications have possible side effects. For example, antibiotics may cause allergic reactions or stomach upset.
Surgery carries a risk of bleeding or infection.
Ventilators may sometimes cause lung damage or an infection. A person who recovers completely may soon return to normal activities. Others may not survive even with the best treatment. A person who does survive may be left with permanent disabilities that require skilled nursing care for life. Further treatment may be ongoing for the condition that caused the coma, such as diabetes.