By John Hall White-tailed deer survive amazingly well in the harsh weather they encounter during most Vermont winters, but they have had a long time to hone their strategies for success. White-tailed deer have existed in North America for close to 1 million years.
Winter is the most critical time of year for Vermont's deer.
Deep snow and cold weather associated with severe winters invariably cause deer population declines. The longer the period of severe conditions, the greater the impact on the deer herd. Despite these adaptations, deer have a tough time making it through the winter. Dr. William Mautz, who studies deer physiology and nutrition at the University of New Hampshire, uses the analogy of deer pulling a sled up a hill and riding it down to explain what deer must face during the cold months. The sled ride down the hill begins when winter arrives and fat reserves are used for energy.