Northern evergreen swamps usually have a thick ground cover of mosses. Deciduous swamps frequently support beds of duckweed and smart weed. Type 8 wetland Bogs in which soil is usually waterlogged and supports a spongy covering of mosses. This type occurs mostly in shallow basins, on flat uplands, and along sluggish streams. Vegetation is woody or herbaceous or both.
Typical plants are heath shrubs, sphagnum moss, and sedges.
In the north, leatherleaf, Labrador-tea, cranberries, carex, and cottongrass are often present. Scattered, often stunted, black spruce, and tamarack may occur.