Ripping to about 50 cm is necessary on many sites to improve moisture infiltration and to encourage rapid, deep root growth by breaking hardpans. Mounding improves establishment on all but very dry sands. On wet sites large mounds are imperative. Drainage may be necessary. Scalping, with no ripping is preferred on sandy sites.
Weed control is essential for establishment and rapid early growth.
Herbicide should be used to create a 1.5 m wide weed-free strip along the planting line or a 1.5 m diameter area around each tree. Choice of herbicide will depend on the weed species present and site type. Rabbits will damage young trees and should be controlled. Stock must be excluded from the time of planting and should be kept out during the establishment years, from as little as two to as long as five years, depending on how fast the trees grow. Cattle should not be allowed among trees less than five years old.