There is a positive correlation with number of passes and needle size. Since major salivary glands are in close proximity to the great vessels of the head and neck, local hemorrhage due to piercing of these vessels is possible, but very unlikely. Physicians can prevent hematoma formation by applying firm pressure in the area of aspiration immediately after the procedure. This risk is no greater than that of venipuncture and is closely correlated with the patient s immune status. Adherence to noncontamination techniques and cleaning the skin with alcohol will minimize this risk.
Some patients are prone to vaso-vagal reactions.
Physicians should be prepared for this complication. Perform aspiration while the patient is lying down or sitting. This risk is certainly lower in FNA than in incisional biopsy, which is commonly used by surgeons worldwide. Prior to FNA, the physician should calm the apprehensive patient. Before making a definitive treatment decision, it is prudent clinical practice to combine FNA results with other data.