Calves undergo epizootic outbreaks of diarrhoea with high mortality. In pigs, fever and diarrhoea are less common than in cattle. Infected sheep, goats and poultry usually show no signs of infection. Isolate salmonella from feces and suspected foods using selective media followed by serotyping and, if appropriate, phage typing. Culture feces, postmortem tissues and foods of animal origin.
Serological tests are of limited value as many noninfected animals have titers from past infections.
Usually only a self-limiting illness occurs. Deaths from dehydration or septicemia are rare and occur usually in infants, or debilitated or elderly patients. There is abortion in cattle and endometritis with temporary infertility. In calves, dehydration and septicemia may lead to death. Protective clothing, sanitation, and personal hygiene important.