Examples include birth order, comparative rankings. Frequency Distributions and Summary Statistics Data are a set of observations that have been collected using specific techniques for the purpose of answering a set of questions. Initial steps in data analysis involve simply characterizing of the observation set. A histogram plots this tabular data as counts against interval or class. Measures of central tendency describe the location of most of the observations.
Measures of dispersion describe the spread of values around the distribution center.
The histogram plots the frequency of observations that fall within a certain range of size intervals against those intervals. Autocorrelation and Measuring Spatial Variation Autocorrelation is the degree of relationship between neighboring measurements. Autocorrelation can occur in space or in time or in space-time. In a technical sense, autocorrelation describes the degree of relatedness between neighbors after dominant first-order trends, such as the mean, have been taken into account. In other words, autocorrelation deals with patterns of variation in neighboring residual values.