One of the main criticisms of the paper was that firms in the less developed countries would find it difficult to form alliances with MNEs because of the latter's foreign base and their own lack of capacity to engage in genuine partnership. It could be argued, however, that benefits could flow to both partners, regardless of the initial level of knowledge and status. Another criticism was that the paper did not recognize the critical role the state could play in promoting the establishment of VEs. A member of the audience suggested that the VEs need to keep the system open to sustain the learning process in the long run. In either case, SMEs have great potential to accelerate their rate of learning and foster innovation through cooperation with other firms.
More data is required pertaining to the costs of establishing and maintaining information networks.
Inter-enterprise networks are important, not just those which stem from the public sector. There is a need for new institutions whose role is to establish networks. More research is required in technology transfer and innovation for SMEs. More research is required in the way technologies and skills are developed. Public policy should address the need for the expansion of networks and infrastructure to facilitate technology transfer to SMEs, especially in the area of technology and skills development.