Masking refers to a situation where a signal raises the visual threshold for other signals around it. For each coefficient, the models predict that an error less than the TEL is invisible to human eyes. The TEL's provided by our masking models are particularly useful for watermarking digital data. Our watermarking algorithm modifies all of the video transform coefficients as well. Object-based Video Watermarking Video watermarking introduces issues that generally do not have a counterpart in images and audio.
Video signals are highly redundant by nature, with many frames visually similar to each other.
Due to large amounts of data and inherent redundancy between frames, video signals are highly susceptible to pirate attacks, including frame averaging, frame dropping, interpolation, statistical analysis, etc. Many of these attacks may be accomplished with little or no damage to the video signal. A video watermark must handle such attacks. A video watermark must handle such attacks. Furthermore, a video watermark should identify any image created from one or more frames in the video.