The word science comes from the Latin word scientia, the noun form of scire, which means to know. Based on this definition, through scientific activities a person can discover and learn the mechanisms surrounding certain phenomena. In this sense, science is purely an intellectual pursuit. Furthermore, the objects of scientific activities are not limited to natural phenomena, but can include anything that is not clearly understood, of which the social sciences are prominent examples. On the other hand, technology comes from the Greek root techne, which means skill or art.
Technology brings humans convenience through the development of new skills and artificial methods.
Literally interpreted, intellectual interest, while playing a key role in technological activities, is not the major motivation for the development of new technologies. Following the Industrial Revolution, science and technology moved closer together. Although scientists and engineers had different motivations, they shared an interdependence based on knowledge, experience, and methodology. In Japan, the Industrial Revolution was felt a full one hundred years after it began in the West, only when Japan was opened to the modern world in the 1860s. To catch up with the West, Japan established several engineering schools, successfully fueling the rapid development of new industries.