Just as data is to information, information is to knowledge. Data is at the empirical level and is usually a measurement. One must interpret and analyze data to make it information. To get knowledge out of that, you need to look at a collection of information, analyze it, and assess the trends. The magic ingredient is allowing a person to apply intuition and instinct and bring new understanding to it to convert it to knowledge.
People have to be involved to change something into knowledge.
That is the question . . . If you try to manage knowledge, you take away some of the essence of it and choke it. Bringing value to an organization is letting it go. Toffler points out that knowledge, having become the ultimate resource of business, reduces the need for other resources. Baillargeon also points to Margaret Wheatley's Leadership and the New Science , which examines knowledge management from the perspective of chaos theory.