Most of the physical environment of Scandinavia has been shaped by glaciations. However, Iceland is also a volcanic island. The northern tips of Norway, Sweden, and Finland are covered by tundra.
Tundra is land that remains frozen throughout the year.
Together the population of all six Northern Europe countries totals about 25.6 million people. Most of the population of Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Iceland and Estonia live around the coast. This is especially true for Norway where some people have said that Norway is like a necklace with its beads connected by the thinnest strand because traveling inside the country is very rough due to the climate and topography of the country. Cultural changes in Scandinavian countries are very low due to strong immigration laws that keep people who are different out of those countries. The economy of Northern Europe relied on primary products until the development of manufacturing and service industries in the twentieth century.