Periodontal disease begins with gingivitis. This is irritation of the gums due to plaque and tartar build-up.
Plaque consists of bacteria, food debris, and saliva.
Plaque forms a soft sticky paste on the surface of the gums and teeth. Good brushing will remove it temporarily. Soon after brushing, it begins to form again. This creates tartar which is yellow or brown in color. Tartar is not easily removed and forms in layers, and this build-up is an ideal spot for more plaque and bacteria to grow.