Most effort has been over the tropical Pacific and Central America examining tropical-midlatitude interactions, tropical synoptic systems and waves, fluctuations along the ITCZ, ENSO, interseasonal oscillations and frontal incursions. Recent work emphasizes the hydrological cycle. They have developed simple global one and two layer models for describing tropical wave interaction and propagation, and for modelling tropical plumes. We have attempted to improve tropical analysis by making more effective use of satellite observations.
Recent work emphasizes cataloging tropical scale interaction.