1972 Researchers invent the first implantable, rechargeable pacemaker for cardiac disorders. Hamilton Smith and Daniel Nathans and Swiss microbiologist Werner Arber win the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for their discovery of restriction enzymes, an indispensable tool for molecular biologists. Due to its pioneering work in gene mapping, Johns Hopkins is selected to host the Human Genome Data Base.
Researchers help develop the first successful treatment for sickle cell anemia.
Hopkins scientists provide the first reliable evidence of genetic susceptibility of schizophrenia.