Preferred solution is listed first.
Too rapid injection may decrease blood pressure or lead to cardiac syncope. May also use Calcium gluconate 0.5-0.8g IV q10min. Some recommend 1 gram Calcium chloride over 5 minutes, q10-20 minutes x 3 to 4 doses. Some degree of hypercalcemia may be necessary. Calcium therapy is more effective in overcoming mild toxicity versus massive overdose since calcium channel blockade is noncompetitive.