Her research consists of open-ended questionnaires and interview data with nearly 1500 students and colleagues. For them face is more individualistic, low context, and is associated with intrapsychic phenomena. For them there is more awareness of relational dynamics in the concept of face saving. Therefore, we may assume that face giving is more of an Eastern concern. For Easterners, face is considered to be a mutual, interdependent concept, and is a relational and group phenomenon.
Public face is a concern in at least two-thirds of the world's cultures.
But in Western cultures, there is also a sense of individual self-respect, the right to be treated with respect, and not to be embarrassed. Whereas for Japanese and Korean subjects, loss of face means disrupting group harmony, bringing shame to their family, classmates, or company. Recovery from face loss. Asian cultures, on the other hand, focus more on maintaining the image of a win-win process. Conflict is face-related, in that, face appears to be a predictor of what conflict strategies are being used.