Analytic scoring allows for more specific and detailed feedback than holistic scoring. A generic rubric provides general scoring guidelines that can be used for multiple tasks. Holistic scoring may be task-specific or generic. A task-specific rubric provides scoring guidelines that are only appropriate for a particular task. Specific Knowledge Area.
Targets are goal statements about expectations for student performance.
They specify the knowledge and understanding to be attained and ground all of the decisions concerning the type of assessment, the task design, and the scoring of the exercise. Product targets focus on the development of quality products such as papers, lab reports or presentations. Reasoning targets focus on problem-solving, reasoning, and analyzing arguments. A performance assessment task allows students to effectively create a sample product or performance that can be observed and judged. Validity in assessment refers to the extent to which test scores or responses measure the attributes they were intended to measure and have the impact that was sought.