Band application of nitrogen fertilizers generally has little effect on the efficiency of their use. Large quantities in bands close to the row may damage the plants. Soil Characteristics Soil acidity limits crop yields and response to fertilizer in the humid regions of the United States, particularly in the east and southeast where many soils are strongly acid. Farmers with highly acid soils should consider spending their first soil improvement dollars on lime to correct the acidity. In most parts of the United States, poor soil drainage limits crop yields and response to fertilizer to some degree.
Poor drainage has a special effect on efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers.
It promotes loss of nitrate by transformation to gaseous forms that escape to the atmosphere. Soil erosion not only increases the need for fertilization, but it also results in greater loss of the fertilizer that is applied. Complementary Practices Probably all crop production practices that increase yields also increase fertilizer efficiency. Crop management practices that need more attention include selection of varieties, planting dates, plant populations, planting depths, row spacing, pest control and tillage methods. Considerable nitrogen fertilizer could be saved by planting soybeans in place of corn and cotton in certain areas.