The South Pole is located on Antarctica.
Most nations haave research stations down here.
They study the environment by taking really deep samples of snow and studying them. The Snow is over two miles deep in some places so they have to drill down to take their core samples. They study how the universe was created by looking at the stars and sun. Right now I am at Mcmurdo Station Antarctica which is on Ross Island off the coast of Antarctica. This is a permanent, year round, station where there are all kinds of scientific experiments going on.