Tears, for example, have been shown to test HCV RNA positive by PCR, but it has never been shown that tears have transmitted hep C. Hep C has an increased incidence in alcoholics regardless of other factors, the reason for this is unknown. The HCV RNA as measured by PCR determines the presence of persistent viremia. IV drug users often claim they use only clean needles. Often memory is not good under the influence of drugs, particularly cocaine. Intra-uterine transmission is not thought to occur.
Transmission is higher if the mother has a high viral load.
Transmission is much more likely if the mother is also HIV positive. A cesarean section may reduce the risk even further. The infant may be tested for antibody after one year. Sexual transmission is increased if another STD such as herpes genitalis is present. Couples should make their own decision about protection but in many circumstances it is not mandatory.