The Biox process for the biotechnological extraction of gold from arsenopyrite ores was developed in South Africa. The technology has the advantage of being less energy consuming and more environmentally friendly than previously used processes. Current research is aimed at improving the process still further and developing techniques for rapid recovery of biological activity following power failures or accidents. Chemical, pharmaceutical and medical sectors . Biotechnological applications focus mainly on chemicals for field crops, horticulture and animal use, and pharmaceuticals for human and animal health.
Research is conducted in the area of bioherbicides and biopesticides.
The potential of pharmaceutical biotechnology has not yet been realized. Most products are imported by multinational companies for distribution in South Africa. Therefore, the recently unveiled National Health Plan of the new government targets the development of a strong pharmaceutical industry. Areas of interest include new drug delivery systems and gene therapy. An interesting focus is the development of slow drug delivery systems for diseases such as bilharzia, malaria and tuberculosis for rural communities.