Although fairly diversified, the majority of agricultural income comes from poultry and beef cattle.
Poultry consists of broilers, eggs and turkeys.
There are three major broiler companies, several egg companies and independent producers, while turkey growers are contracted by one large company. This is a traditional enterprise in the county, with lots of history going back to the trail drives. Some of the earliest brands in the state are recorded here in Gonzales County. Pecans are a major agriculture enterprise, as the Guadalupe and San Marcos river bottoms usually produce enough pecans to rank Gonzales in the top three or four counties in the state. Other crops grown include corn, grain sorghum, peanuts, watermelons, wheat and hay, mushrooms and cacti.