His Antiquities of the Jews is a more comprehensive history of Judaism. Through Paul's understanding of Torah, biblical interpretation, and autobiographical remarks, we receive glimpses of first century Jewish values and practices. The targums are loose translations, actually paraphrases, of the Bible. They are written in Aramaic, and while it remains is a matter of debate whether any survive from the first century CE, they remain valuable witnesses to early biblical interpretation. Rabbinic Texts .
Rabbinic literature represents a massive corpus.
Here we will consider four prominent categories. The documents, particularly the Mishnah and Talmuds, form the basis for Judaism as it has developed to the modern age. It summarizes and codifies the oral tradition of sages and rabbis from the first century CE until its completion. It contains an additional two generations of rabbinic tradition. It includes explicit commentary on the Mishnah, and it twice as long.