Rape poisoning can occur if stunted, low-growing purple plants are pastured. These crops occur more frequently in wet years, on poorly drained land and when fertility is low. An early frost may aggravate this condition. Ruminants may bloat on rape and precautions to prevent this should be taken. Rape will also produce off-flavours in milk and meat products if it is the only feed available.
Stubble turnips are white-fleshed turnips which produce a thick mass of bushy tops and large roots.
Both parts are eaten by grazing animals. Forage turnips are planted using the guidelines for forage rape. While less productive than the other two brassicas, they are sometimes preferred, as animal health disorders are less likely to occur. Annual Ryegrass Annual ryegrass is a rapidly growing bunchgrass that is adapted to a wide range of soil conditions. It regrows continuously throughout the season and has the potential to be highly productive if it receives enough rainfall and nitrogen.