Smith believes that this arousal model of relaxation is more incomplete than incorrect. This is the postulation that various relaxation techniques are interchangeable and will lead to identical outcomes. Smith's cognitive-behavioral theory of relaxation attempts to round out the incomplete model of relaxation. Focusing is the ability to maintain attention to a single stimulus for an extended period of time. Passivity is the ability to cease customary goal-directed activity such as analytical pursuits and become quiescent for a period of time.
Receptivity is the ability to tolerate and to be open to uncertain or paradoxical experiences.
According to Smith, learning relaxation involves altering cognitive schemata in many ways. These cognitive schemata include the idea that being a valued member of family and society requires constant activity, wage-earning, and social involvement. Inactivity is non-productive, if not a sign of laziness. In this view, the value of those behaviors that directly lead to goal attainment are exaggerated. Indirect behaviors are devalued and ignored, such as restoring energy and creativity through diversions.