Confucianism stresses the goodness of human nature. The central element of its teaching was the duty of the right behavior in everyday relationships. He detailed the virtues, sincerity, kindness, respectfulness, moderation, and faithfulness, as the basis of happy relationships. While Confucianism stressed the proper conduct and behavior more on a personal level, Mencius stressed the importance of a good government. Good governments are established by good men.
Social problems don t arise because of the nature of men, but out of the wickedness of governments.
Therefore, philosophers must become kings, and kings of this world must become philosophers. A good ruler shall never raise war. A ruler who has aroused the enmity of his people has lost the mandate of Heaven and should be removed. To become a Confucian scholar thus became the dream of million of Chinese. This was even more so during the Han Dynasty, with the introduction of the ideas and methods of Confucius into education of Chinese youth and statesmanship.