Instead of methodologically sound research, TFT presents anecdotes and testimonials as evidence. Vivid anecdotes make for dramatic presentations but poor proof. Pseudosciences are often engaged in shameless self-promotion and profit seeking. Skepticism is almost totally lacking, perhaps because of an inherent monetary conflict of interest. Pseudosciences keep methods a secret, preventing independent investigation.
Pseudosciences appeal to pseudo-authority.
VT Finally, pseudosciences make dramatic and overstated claims. Showing that TFT has the characteristics of a pseudoscience does not necessarily make it false. Many clinicians attest to the treatment's effectiveness and this cannot be ignored. While I do not feel it is wise to take the word of Callahan about TFT's overinflated success rates without any confirming data, I do believe that the treatment may produce benefits in some individuals. Placebo effects are sometimes produced through the mere suggestion of treatment rather than the treatment itself.