They are often seen in pairs, which scientific studies have revealed are permanent lifetime bonds. Many butterflies have specialized diets which make them hard to maintain in captivity. Spiracles large, adjacent and behind the eyes. Dorsal and anal fins absent. Upper surface of disc either smooth or with tubercles, colour varies from brown to dark bluish-grey, often with mottled blotches or spots.
Sting rays are bottom-dwelling fish, with a preference for soft mud, sand or shale ground.
Most rays are ovo-viviparous, i.e. they produce eggs that hatch within the body of the parent female. These small bottom-living fishes are actually the most abundant of all reef fishes in terms of number and species. Look closely at the surface of the rocks, sponges, and corals and you will begin to appreciate the diversity of this interesting group. Some of the most beautiful members of the family share their sandy burrows with shrimp. These small fish are somewhat hardy and are unlikely to cause trouble for the other fish in your tank.