Nematodes are second only to insects in the number of species in the animal kingdom. However, only about 3 percent of all nematode species have been studied and identified. One cubic foot of soil may contain millions of individual nematodes belonging to several different taxonomic groups. Some of the best known nematodes are animal parasites such as heartworms, pinworms, and hookworms. Often, plant damage caused by nematodes is overlooked because the resulting nonspecific symptoms, such as slow growth, stunting, and yellowing, can also be attributed to nutritional and water-associated disorders.
Many nematode species are beneficial to agricluture and the environment.
For example, some have proven to be important allies in the biological control of insects and other pests, and some contribute to soil fertility by helping cycle nutrients through the soil. Nematologists, scientists who study nematodes, understand the critical need to develop ecologically sound and sustainable farming practices that protect soil, water, and human health. Nematologists at many different research institutions across the U.S., including the University of Florida, North Carolina State University, University of Georgia, Iowa State University, Michigan State University, and others, are working to establish a strong scientific foundation in nematode biology and management. The Society of Nematologists is a national scientific organization that fosters communication among nematologists. The remainder of this document provides a short history of nematology in the U.S., but emphasizes the development of nematology in California.