However, no egg parasitoids have as yet been collected from ALB, nor A. nobilis . Several larval parasitoids have been identified, including Ontsira sp. In locations where D. longulus is established in relatively high numbers, ALB is said to be under natural control. Although a number of invertebrate predators have been reported feeding on longhorned beetles world-wide, only five ant species have been reported as specific predators of A. versteegii in citrus in India. Hanging bird nests in poplar plantations has been suggested to encourage them.
Pathogens represent an additional group of natural enemies worthy of investigation.
B. brongniartii , introduced from Japan, has also been shown to infect ALB, especially adults. In addition, Paecilomyces farinosus has been isolated from ALB larvae, while Acremonium chrysogenum and Verticillium sp. have been isolated from A. nobilis . Metarhizium anisopliae isolated from Saperda populnea larvae has been shown to infect A. nobilis and other related species. Entomopathogenic bacteria have been isolated from ALB larvae and pupae, and a baculovirus has been isolated from A. nobilis larvae. Strains of Heterorhabatis sp.