Most abundant biomolecules on earth. Polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones, or substances that yield such compounds on hydrolysis. Empirical formula of C1H2O1. Monosaccharides, Oligosaccharides, and Polysaccharides. Starch, cellulose, sugars.
More electronegative elements oxidize others while less electronegative elements reduce others.
The stronger the acid, the greater its tendency to lose its proton. We can also look at acid strength, or how strongly is dissociates, based upon its pKa. Weak acids dissociate less and have large pKas while strong acids have small ones. Z, unique to each element, equal to the number of protons in its nucleus. The amino group is in its protonated form and the carboxyl group is present as a carboxylate ion.