The sections that are cut out are called introns, or intervening sections. It is a process roughly analogous to editing video. Say a vacationer with a video camera shot a lot of video footage and wants to edit it into a short program to show friends and relatives. To do so, he must go through the footage and copy only the best scenes onto a new tape. Once messenger RNA is produced, translation begins.
Proteins consist of chains of amino acids.
Each amino acid is coded for by a sequence of three bases called a codon. Complicating the picture is the fact that several codons specify the same amino acid. When an mRNA containing these instructions is released from the cell, it attaches to an organelle, called a ribosome, that acts as a microscopic protein factory. The ribosome reads each codon and attaches the correct amino acid to the growing protein molecule until it is completed. Protein characterization To identify the protein MGSA, Richmond had to reverse the normal translation and transcription process.