Biogeographical Equity justice and fairness in development planning including the allocation, use, conservation and management of resources across area-based management units. Related to the concepts of community based resource management and spatial equity. Civil Society the key actor in the cultural sphere of society. Civil society can be viewed as engaging in private effort for the public good. In its modern form, civil society means the active and organized formations and associations in the cultural sphere, as found among NGOs, POs, academia, and Church groups among others.
Modern meaning is more toward striving against another as in a rivalry.
In economic processes, competition can be viewed as one means of achieving the higher goals of productivity, efficiency, equity and sustainability, but not as an end in itself. Consumerism consumption beyond what is reasonable to meet human needs. The act of purchasing or consuming goods and services as an end in itself. In economic processes, cooperation can be viewed as an alternative means of achieving the higher goals of productivity, efficiency, equity and sustainability. Counterparting setting up parallel structures and systems in a common undertaking to ensure transparency, fairness and effectiveness of participation and process among stakeholders.