When it does occur, fetal outcome is unpredictable, but fetal losses are high because of spontaneous abortion and prematurity. However, the prognosis for the mother is generally favorable, and maternal mortality is not substantially increased. Corticosteroids given for chronic active hepatitis need not be stopped during pregnancy because fetal hazard has not been proved. The need for azathioprine and other immunosuppressive drugs must be weighed against potential hazards. Increased plasma volume in the 3rd trimester enhances the risk of variceal hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis, but hemorrhage is relatively uncommon.
Most patients can tolerate cesarean section.
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