Similarly, if we call all the cows animals, we are using that word in the same sense when we use it to characterize all the cows. Equivocation by chance occurs infrequently in the everyday use of language. That one and the same word should have such strange ambiguity can often be explained in terms of the history of the language, but sometimes no explanation can be found. Equivocation by intention occurs when a person uses a word in its literal sense, on the one hand, and in a figurative sense, on the other hand. The Emperor stood in relation to the Russian people in a manner that bore some comparison to the relationships between a father, who is a biological progenitor, and his progeny or offspring.
Words used in a metaphorical sense are usually words that are used equivocally by intention.
Every metaphor is a condensed simile. To call the Russian Emperor the father of the Russian people is to say that he stands in relation to them like a biological progenitor to his progeny. Yet at first glance what I am calling analogical speech looks somewhat like equivocation by chance. It is certainly not univocal speech. The example that Aristotle gives for speech that is analogical involves the same word applied to objects of the different senses.