However, Hessian fly infestations reached damaging levels in some fields in the southern part of the state. Biotype L potentially can overcome virtually all the Hessian fly resistant varieties currently grown in the state. NK Coker 9663' and 'Pioneer 2691' are partially resistant. Fly infestations were low in the Griffin trial and are not shown. If susceptible varieties are planted, growers especially in the southern part of the state should use an at-planting insecticide such as DiSyston or phorate to control Hessian fly in the fall and early winter.
Rye is resistant and oats are immune to the insect.
Both rye and oats are good Hessian-fly resistant alternatives to wheat for forage production. Aphid populations were generally low in the fall and early winter. The mild winter encouraged large populations of aphids to develop in February and March in some areas of the state. Aphids caused direct feeding injury to small grains during head emergence and grain fill. BYDV symptoms were mostly low throughout the state with only some fields showing symptoms and damage.