We can tell it in our office by the peak in parent calls. Most are genuinely scared about their son or daughter's future. Although you cannot provide details of the grades, you can offer information on general trends . If a parent knows the student received a deficiency report of D, you can say he did better on the next test. Suggest questions the parent might ask .
Questions can provide clues without revealing confidential information.
Let the parent know about the Learning Asst. for your course. If there is any clue from the parent that the student may have special problems like a learning disability, emotional problems, etc. Don't hesitate to refer them to the Dean's office . Carol Canavan fields most of these calls though I am always willing to talk with a parent as well. Finally, always err in the best interest of the student .