Medications of this type are applied externally and internally, except glycerine, which should be applied externally only. The most widely-used emollient protectors are aluminium hydroxide and zinc oxide. Astringents alleviate the pruritus, irritation and pain produced by haemorrhoids. They may be applied externally or internally. The most widely-used astringents are zinc oxide and hamamelis water.
Rubefacients give a refreshing warm sensation.
They should be used externally only, not in the anorectal canal. Camphor is used for this purpose. Anal cleaning should be done with cellulose or cotton-based toilet paper, and the anal region should be patted clean rather than wiped clean. It may be advisable for the anal zone to be washed with lukewarm water after defecation. In acute cases, washing should be with cold water, which has a vasoconstrictor effect.