A private problem or issue becomes public when consequences of individual or group action go beyond those directly involved. And, there is an effort by others to influence those consequences. As more people become involved, leaders and interested citizens become aware of the concern. Discussion clarifies and defines the problem or opportunity the gap between what is and what could be. The issue emerges as different ideas about what could be done are developed.
Public issues are controversial because different groups of people are affected in different ways.
An advantage or benefit for some may be a disadvantage or cost for others. For example, the problem may be a community s high rate of illiteracy in adults. The policy options might include reading programs, parent education, or school policies to reduce dropouts. Public policy consists of statements or principles underlying government action. Policy is expressed in local, state and federal government action as legislation, resolutions, programs, regulations, appropriations, administrative practices and court decisions.