Essentially the same techniques of tutorship have been practiced at the undergraduate level in areas like art and music, where individual performance is watched, corrected, assisted, and encouraged. In the process, an undergraduate student and instructor can develop a supportive relationship not unlike that found between doctoral candidate and advisor. This kind of mentoring needs to be emulated throughout universities. In every discipline, field work and internships should be fostered to provide opportunities for original work. In professional schools, these experiences can occur on campus or externally through linkages with businesses, hospitals, associations, governmental agencies, etc.
Professional schools operate primarily at the graduate level.
Some, especially law schools, place an emphasis on breadth of background, and some medical schools follow the same kind of practice. But emphasis on breadth is seldom found in graduate schools of business and engineering. When they do so, they will find their students more adaptive, more resourceful, and better able to accommodate the challenges of specialized training and professional life, as well as the relation of such training to social responsibilities. Those professional schools that train undergraduate students need to accept the same goals that obtain in the arts and sciences. Undergraduate engineers and business majors, as much as their colleagues in literature and political science, will benefit from the educational model being proposed.