Many of the changes discussed here have been relatively recent, however, and the effects of research on economic output are visible only after long lags. Thus, it may be years before the effects of these changes become clear. It is decisions on these issues that in turn will have potentially profound, long-run consequences for the world's future food security. Julian M. Alston is a professor in the Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics at the University of California, Davis, and leads the Science and Technology Program at the University of California Agricultural Issues Center. Vincent H. Smith is a professor in the Department of Agricultural Economics and Economics at Montana State University.
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