The global challenge is to develop strategies that foster a sustainable energy future that will be less dependent on fossil sources. The energy choices for the future need to take account of targets and timetables for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. And for many countries, diversification of energy sources will remain an important national security priority. On the basis of these considerations, prima facie , one would expect that nuclear power will grow as a key part of national energy strategies for sustainable development, together with increased use of renewable sources, improved fossil fuel conversion and greater efficiency throughout the energy system. However, the most recent IAEA statistics and projections point in the opposite direction.
Nuclear power is at a standstill in Western Europe and North America.
Two major challenges face nuclear power. In many countries, public concern over nuclear safety, particularly waste management, is a critical inhibiting factor on decisions to construct new plants. In some countries, it is even a major factor in the continued operation of existing safe and efficient plants. In increasingly competitive and deregulated energy markets, concern over the high capital costs and long amortisation periods of investment in new plants has focused investment elsewhere. Nuclear Safety and Public Confidence Nuclear safety is a national responsibility but a global concern.