I think humans have the innate ability to distinguish between races as well as species of animals. They are taught dog. Clearly, they would not confuse a bird for a dog, but a fox carries many of the physical characteristics the child recognizes as dog. I believe the taught part is in the stereotypical characteristics given to certain races.
Young children are very innocent in thought but can still distinguish between different races.
We catorgorize people,animals,places,ect. I think that the answer is both. Anyway, I think that this ability is innate.