Neurotransmitters are substances, which transfer the messages from one nerve cell to another. During passing on the nerve impulse the neurotransmitters diffuse through the synapse space and activate the next cell, performing the vital connections within the nervous system. At present we know about 100 different neurotransmitters. Other neurotransmitters widely spread in the nervous system are dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine and serotonin are derivatives of amino acids. But the most important and unique is the ability to enhance the plasticity of the nervous system.
Plasticity is a well-known phenomenon.
It has the ability to create new connections between nerve cells, activating synapses that were silent before. This process occurs after a localised death of brain cells as a result of injury, stroke and lack of oxygen. This is when we see functional substitution, when activated cells take over the functions of damaged cells. This is the biological basis for recovery after a brain accident. Unfortunately in many cases the degree of recovery is limited and the patient suffers from residual malfunctions.