Lower incidence of defects with lower maternal PHE levels. Round, prominent glabella, epicanthal folds, midface hypoplasia, long, under developed philtrum. Incidence may be increasing as a generation of treated PKU girls reach child-bearing age. D. Fetal Exposure to Anti-convulsants 1. Some associations are fetal hydantoin with characteristic facies, growth and mental retardation, hirsutism, and nail hypoplasia.
Neural tube defects with valproate.
Maternal folate supplementation beginning three months prior to pregnancy. Prenatal genetic counseling. E. Lithium 1. Used to treat bi-polar depression 2. Exposure during the first trimester presents an increase in risk for fetal heart malformations, particularly Ebstein's anomaly.