For father and son baseball professional players, if the father is an outstanding player, the odds of the son being as good as or better than the father are very high. However, the former inst ances are included in the latter instances, so the former instances cannot be more frequent. Subjects are asked to judge whether a string of letters forms a word. People who stop by Philadelphia for the first time on a rainy day in April tend to think Philadelphia rains a lot in Spring. The reaction time is directly proportional to the distance between the two points.
Mental images are primarily symbolic representations.
In Asch's study of conformity, the target line is 6 inches long. Suppose that you are a very good pool player. You will do better than when playing alone. You will do better if the audience contains friends, but worse if it contains strangers 34. Each prisoner can act rationally and yet produce a nonoptimal outcome.