Men at high risk should begin testing at age 45. Information should be provided to patients about benefits and limitations of testing. Specifically, prior to testing, men should have an opportunity to learn about the benefits and limitations of testing for early prostate cancer detection and treatment. Men who ask the clinician to make the testing decision on their behalf should be tested. A clinical policy of not offering testing, or discouraging testing in men who request early prostate cancer detection tests, is inappropriate.
Risk increases with the number of first-degree relatives affected by prostate cancer.
The workgroup recommended that these men begin testing for early prostate cancer detection at age 45. Among men of African descent, age-specific risk increases steadily beginning at age 45. Men at appreciably higher risk of prostate cancer due to multiple first-degree relatives who were diagnosed with prostate cancer at an early age could begin testing at age 40. Men at high risk also should be informed about the benefits, limitations, and uncertainties associated with testing for early prostate cancer detection. The AUA also considers the division of the suspensory ligament of the penis for increasing penile length in adults to be a procedure which has not been shown to be safe or efficacious.