Pre-employment testing to detect drug or alcohol abuse or AIDS screening is controversial. Eighty percent of U.S. companies now test their employees and applicants for drug use. Sometimes it is more cost-effective to hire contingent workers when a company has a varying need for employees. Illustrate the use of various types of employee training and development methods. They learn by doing or watching others.
Many skilled crafts require a new worker to serve several years as an apprentice.
There may be more but shorter apprenticeship programs in the future as jobs require more intense training. They must learn communication, planning, management, and human relation skills. Since most older managers are male, women often have more difficulty finding mentors and entering the network. Men only' clubs were declared illegal, al lowing women access to areas where contacts are made. African-American managers also are learning the benefits of networking.