Sometimes wastes such as industrial and commercial materials cannot be avoided. Handling and disposal are costs to businesses.
Recycling is a good alternative if there is a market for the material.
Another way to reuse unwanted material is to find someone else who can use it. This can be done through a materials exchange. Formal materials exchange programs have been set up by a number of states, regional agencies, and private companies. Often they consist of a catalogue listing available and wanted items. There is a growing trend to also offer on-line lists.