They treat vision problems, and in most States, they treat certain eye diseases such as conjunctivitis, glaucoma, or corneal infections. Optometrists use instruments and observation to examine eye health and to test patients' visual acuity, depth and color perception, and their ability to focus and coordinate the eyes. They analyze test results and develop a treatment plan. Optometrists prescribe eyeglasses, contact lenses, and vision therapy. They use drugs for diagnosis in all States and, as of 1995, may use topical and oral drugs to treat some eye diseases in 46 States.
Optometrists often provide postoperative care to cataract and other eye surgery patients.
When optometrists diagnose conditions that require care beyond the optometric scope of practice such as diabetes or high blood pressure, they refer patients to other health practitioners. O ptometrists should not be confused with ophthalmologists or dispensing opticians. Ophthalmologists are physicians who diagnose and treat eye diseases and injuries. They perform surgery and prescribe drugs. Like optometrists, they also examine eyes and prescribe eyeglasses and contact lenses.