Patients often describe nociceptive pain as aching or throbbing. Bone or muscle pain or injury, cancer pain, and post-laminectomy back pain are examples of nociceptive pain. Opiate drugs usually help relieve nociceptive pain. Neuropathic pain is caused by damage to nerves or altered nervous system function. Patients often describe neuropathic pain as burning or shooting.
Neuropathic pain responds poorly to opiates.
Treatment continuum Pain produces anxiety and muscle tension. The tense, contracted muscles eventually produce spasms, which causes more pain. In order to reduce pain, this cycle must first be broken. It is essential that patients and families understand and accept that cure from pain is not a realistic goal of a pain treatment program. The first step in the treatment continuum is an evaluation of the problem, diagnosis, and establishment of treatment goals that are realistic for the patient and provide some predictability for the payer.