But, whereas children may be more open to new things than many adults, they lack an important ingredient that helps adults learn new things experience. You will read in chapter 8 about psychologists' discovery of learning sets things we have learned that help us learn new things more efficiently and effectively. We will be using some of the principles discussed in that chapter to help you learn the material throughout this course. This old saying says it all. But the term shaping essentially means to proceed patiently, and that is an important part of learning.
Punishment disrupts things.
It causes anxiety, anger, and resentment. It can be effective for some things, but one must be very careful when using it in a learning situation. Chapter 8 in your textbook discusses ways to make learning more effective for both children and adults. By the way, you will notice that this course is designed according to those well-established principles of learning. The atrocities and mass murders in the Nazi concentration camps were carried out mainly by guards who were specially selected because they were hostile and sadistic by nature.