Since endometriosis needs the female hormone estrogen to survive, medications that reduce estrogen production can help relieve symptoms. While they don't eliminate endometriosis, they can diminish painful episodes. GnRH analogues act like real hormones, stopping estrogen production and causing a menopauselike state in which endometriosis can't thrive. Another type of hormonal treatment is danazol , a synthetic form of the male hormone testosterone. Danazol generally has more side effects than GnRH analogues and so isn't prescribed as frequently.
Oral contraceptives can help prevent endometriosis from spreading in women with mild cases.
The combination of estrogen and progestin in oral contraceptives prevents ovulation and reduces menstrual flow and cramps. Oral contraceptives can't reduce pain, however, nor are they recommended for women who wish to become pregnant. The female hormones known as progestins can also be used to treat endometriosis. One of its most common forms is an injectable drug known as medroxyprogesterone acetate, although it can have unwanted side effects such as weight gain, fluid retention, elevated blood pressure and headaches. In more severe cases, narcotic pain relievers can be prescribed, but narcotic drugs are available only with a doctor's prescription and may be habit-forming with prolonged use.