All volatile anesthetics with the exception of nitrous oxide produce a dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure.
Nitrous oxide produces either no change or only a slight increase in blood pressure.
Isoflurane and desflurane produce a dose-dependent increase in heart rate. This increase occurs at low doses of isoflurane or high doses of desflurane. It might be blunted by simultaneous use of opioids during balanced anesthesia. Nitrous oxide, halothane and sevoflurane are not associated with substantial changes in heart rate. Administration of nitrous oxide can modestly increase cardiac output because its sympathomimetic effect.