The property stolen must have been safely put away. It cannot have been left in sight or in a public place. The owner must have exercised reasonable care to preserve the property from theft. The property must have minimal value. The victim must come forward and voluntarily make a complaint.
Rules of evidence apply.
The accused is presumed innocent until proven guilty. Two reputable male witnesses or four female witnesses must have seen the event. If the accused swears two oaths on the Koran, that cancels the witnesses' testimony. This example also shows that Islamic systems can be somewhat flexible in the administration of justice, even for what looks like fixed situations. There are inquisitorial elements in that much of the testimony and conduct of trials is about determining the events that took place, and whether exonerating circumstances were involved.