McClelland contends that the motive profile of a person can change, both as a function of one's life course as well as formal training. He has demonstrated with abundant evidence that nAch can be increased by formal training. So are the theories of Equity, Goal-setting, Reinforcement, etc. Since these theories relate to work motivation rather than motivation in general, they may more appropriately be discussed in a course on personnel management. Vroom's Expectancy Theory Victor H Vroom in his 1964 book Work and Motivation presents a theory, which appears more comprehensive than other theories and is applicable to employees at work as well as humans in general.
Valence refers to the attractiveness or utility of the reward to the individual.
This theory states that a person will expend the required effort, i.e., he will be motivated to perform, if he believes that his effort will result in the desired performance, which will get him a reward that is important to him. Now that we have gone through the bare outlines of some of the theories of motivation, let us discuss them.