Many infertile patients require laparoscopy for a complete evaluation.
Generally, the procedure is performed after the basic infertility tests, although the presence of pain, the history of a past infection, or other problems may signal a need to perform diagnostic laparoscopy sooner in the evaluation. The procedure is usually performed soon after menstruation in case a hysteroscopy is also necessary. The uterine cavity is more easily evaluated immediately after menstruation and there is little risk of interrupting a pregnancy. After the medical history, which consists of questions about the patient's previous illnesses, etc., and physical examination are completed, laparoscopy is usually performed on an outpatient basis, under general anesthesia, and with minimal discomfort. After the patient is under general anesthesia, a needle is inserted through the navel and the abdomen is filled with carbon dioxide gas.