You can compare distributions of groups of people observed. For example, I might observe three territorial markers in men and women and see if the two sexes are the same in their use of those territorial markers. Note that for this kind of analysis both variables are usually nominal. Only two men put their book bag in a chair to express territoriality. It looks like the type of territoriality isn't independent of gender.
Men seem more likely to move the furniture and women seem more likely to put a bag in a chair.
Easy as pie. 10.98 fo is the observed frequency in each condition, fe is the expected frequency. A simple formula. Fill that into the expected frequency table below. I filled that number in below.