Our knowledge about these kinds of interactions has evolved over the years, and so have our policies and standards. The history of how states and EPA have worked together to develop programs to address ground-level ozone is an excellent example of how EPA's approaches factor in unusual climatic episodes in developing plans to reduce emissions. Ozone is unhealthy to breathe, even at low levels. It affects a variety of individuals, including healthy children and adults who are active outdoors during the summer. Ozone can also aggravate asthma, and make people more sensitive to allergens.
Ozone also increases people's susceptibility to respiratory infections.
It can inflame and damage the lining of the lungs, much like a sunburn. Unlike many other pollutants, ozone is not emitted directly into the air. Because it is triggered by sunlight and heat, ozone in the air we breathe tends to reach its highest levels during the summer months, often when the air is stagnant. When states are developing their emission reduction control programs to meet the air quality standards for pollutants like ozone, EPA requires them to take into consideration stagnation episodes and other periods that are conducive to ozone formation. The states must reduce emissions to the point that they can meet the air quality standards even during hot, stagnant periods of the summer.