So far we don't know exactly how long penguins live. One scientist believed that a healthy penguin will live to about 34 but this was based on penguins in captivity and might not be right for birds in the wild. At least it gives you an idea. As with any wild animal though penguins, if provoked, could potentially do harm and should be watched at a distance and respected in their territory. The largest of the penguins, the emperor penguin, grows to about 39 inches and the smallest penguin, little blue stands no more than 14 inches tall.
Penguins are unique in that they are more completely covered in feathers than almost any other bird.
This indeed includes their feet. When a penguin's feathers are lying flat, the scale-like exposed parts overlap and form a surface that is practically impermeable to wind and water. Furthermore, the shafts below them are tufts that form an insulating layer. On top of all this, penguins secrete oil into their feathers, as do other birds, to prevent water penetration. I believe, and I'm only speculating here, that the insulating properties of the penguins feet, tight-knit feathers and secreted oil, would prevent their feet from sticking to the ice when they hop out of the water.