Wetlands are the largest component of the state's surface waters in terms of total area. They occur near the ocean and gulf, adjacent to rivers and lakes, in areas of poor soil drainage, and in relict lake valleys or river channels. Prior to development, wetlands covered about half the state's area. Over one third of the original wetlands have been drained for agriculture, flood control and residential development. Much of the remaining wetlands have been adversely affected by land use practices which have resulted in vegetation destruction, nutrient and toxic loading, sedimentation, and altered flow regimes.
Wetlands are among Florida's most valuable and productive ecosystems.
Wetlands provide a critical habitat for a wide range of plants and animals. Furthermore, scientists are beginning to realize that atmospheric maintenance may be an additional wetlands function. Wetlands store carbon within their plant communities and soil instead of releasing it to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Thus wetlands help to moderate global climate conditions. Every drop of water contains microscopic zooplankton which are a vital component of the food chain.