The hotter fluid rises to the surface and the cooler fluid sinks back down to be reheated. These convection cells, as they are called, are about as big as Texas in area, but they're hotter than XXX Southwestern Special chili sauce. Once at the surface, most of that energy is released by radiation. Solar prominences are fiery arches that hang above the surface, sometimes for weeks on end. They are best seen on the edge of the sun's disk.
Solar flares are eruptions starting in the corona that disturb the chromosphere below it.
The chromosphere got its name when it's reddish color was discovered in the late 1800s. It's a relatively cool 10,000 degrees Celsius. CMEs result in bulletins from the Space Weather Center . CMEs are almost always accompanied by flares, and indeed are probably caused by flares since CMEs seldom occur by themselves. The relationship between this stuff is not exactly clear, and our view changes fast.