Avoid weeds and mulches such as hay or straw around the base of trees. In large areas or yards do not expect control with only one or two cats. Snap traps can be used to control small populations or infestations around buildings. Peanut butter-oatmeal mixture, raisins or apple slices make good baits. Fumigants usually are not effective do to the shallowness of vole burrows.
Zinc phosphide is the toxicant most frequently used.
It is a single-dose toxicant available in pelleted and grains bait formulations. Zinc phosphide containing bait pellets are available to homeowners in small amounts. Farmers can apply for large quantities for treating fields however this is a restricted usage and special conditions apply. Brodifacoum and bromadiolone are second generation anticoagulants marketed under several brand names and generally kill faster than those requiring chronic feedings. Voles or mice are killed after only one or two feedings.