GISs are sophisticated and versatile software programs, first developed in the late-1960s, that relate spatial and informational data visually by associating maps with databases. In recent years, improvements in technology have made GIS software easier to use, less expensive and widely accessible, so demand for it is spreading rapidly.
Professionals can use GISs for planning, management, research and analysis purposes.
Geologists can use them to analyze population concentrations in relation to soil types. Retailers can use them to examine market areas in relation to consumer product purchases. Social workers can use them to look at low-income neighborhoods in relation to projected population shifts. Psychologists can use them to illustrate incidence of mental illness in relation to a region. This broad potential for GIS application means that students and professionals in many fields will benefit from GIS competency.