Early prostate cancer, stages 1 and 2, is localized to the prostate gland. Stage 3 prostate cancer is locally advanced outside the gland. Stage 4 prostate cancer has spread to other organs or tissues. Radical prostatectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the entire prostate gland and nearby tissues. Radical prostatectomy may be performed using a technique called nerve-sparing surgery that may prevent damage to the nerves needed for an erection and prevent damage to the opening of the bladder.
Radiation therapy involves the delivery of radiation energy to the prostate.
The energy is usually delivered in an outpatient setting using an external beam of radiation. The energy can also be delivered by placing radioactive seeds in the prostate during a surgical procedure. A third option, surveillance, is recommended by doctors for some patients, particularly those who are older or have other medical conditions that are likely to compromise their health. These patients are followed with regular examinations. If there is evidence of cancer growth, active treatment may be recommended.