Moles have one litter each year. Litter size can be two to six depending on the health of the female. Latitude seems to play a large part in the timing of male rut and litter deliveries. In Cincinnati I can expect males to rut from about the last week in February through the first week in April. Gestation lasts about five to six weeks which means I can expect litters anywhere from mid April through May.
Moles are mammal and nurse the young moles for several weeks.
I imagine this timing can be tempered by unseasonable extremes in temperature or ground moisture. The final dispersal can last through late fall and early winter. Newborn females will mate the following spring and the cycle begins anew. It prefers sandy soils with high water tables. With a diet of aquatic insects, worms, mollusks and small fish, it is not an important lawn pest.