Exercise may increase the athlete's need for protein. Water is a critical nutrient for athletes. Dehydration can cause muscle cramping and fatigue. Becoming an elite athlete requires good genes, good training and conditioning and a sensible diet. Optimal nutrition is essential for peak performance.
Nutritional misinformation can do as much harm to the ambitious athlete as good nutrition can help.
Carbohydrates Athletes gain most from the amount of carbohydrates stored in the body. In the early stages of moderate exercise, carbohydrates provide 40 to 50 percent of the energy requirement. Carbohydrates yield more energy per unit of oxygen consumed than fats. Because oxygen often is the limiting factor in long duration events, it is beneficial for the athlete to use the energy source requiring the least amount of oxygen per kilocalorie produced. As work intensity increases, carbohydrate utilization increases.