Epidermal cells differentiate from the protoderm and usually either lack a cuticle or have a thin cuticle that does not significantly affect water absorption. The epidermis covers all of the root except the root cap and usually has no stomata. There are two pathways in a root which can be taken in the plant for uptake of water and dissolved nutrients. Each way has its advantages and disadvantages. Apoplastic pathway- can occur if the hypodermis is absent.
Water goes through cell walls and intercellular spaces.
As the water flows, solutes move with the flow or by diffusion. This pathway is very efficient. Symplastic pathway- occurs if the hypodermis is present. Water goes through cellular membranes and living cells. Water moves by osmosis, so solutes can move from cell to cell via plasmodesmata.