The heated or cooled water returns to its source. Ground heat is absorbed into or rejected from the solution flowing in the closed loop. At the heat pump, heat is drawn from or dumped to the closed loop solution via heat transfer through a heat exchanger, which passes heat to or removes heat from the refrigerant in the heat pump. Depending on the type of ground and land area, systems can either be installed horizontally or vertically. Data are collected by model type, heat pump capacity, region of destination, customer type, and economic sector.
Respondents are manufacturers and importers.