The Supreme Court Justice ideology measures are based on Harold Spaeth's U.S. Supreme Court Database supplemented with data from 1937-1945 terms. Presidency Data Social Liberalism of Modern Presidents Mean ideology scores for each president in the social policy domain are provided based on the expert ratings along with measures of spread and range of the ratings.
Presidents are rank ordered by expert ratings.
Economic Liberalism of Modern Presidents Mean ideology scores for each president in the economic policy domain are provided based on the expert ratings along with measures of spread and range of the ratings. Presidents are rank ordered by expert ratings. Social Salience of Modern Presidents Mean scores based on the expert ratings of how salient they felt social policy was for each president are provided along with measures of spread and range of the ratings. Presidents are rank ordered by expert ratings. Economic Salience of Modern Presidents Mean scores based on the expert ratings of how salient they felt economic policy was for each president are provided along with measures of spread and range of the ratings.