Granules are created by convection. They are about a hundred kilometers across. Their volume of gas is rising from and falling a shell of convection otherwise known as the convection zone located under the photosphere. They are carrying energy from the hot interior of the sun up to the base of the photosphere. The sun is leaking.
Particles stream from the sun at hundreds of kilometers per second.
Some strike the earth while others surround the sun as a solar corona yet others go into space. Then those that go into space are known to us as solar winds. In 1973 the sun threw off the largest flare in recorded history. The sun emits X-rays. Usually X-rays come from objects with temperatures in the millions and not in the thousands like the sun.