All questions will count equally in the determination of the outcome of the examination. Allot your time accordingly. Draft an essay in which you either explain or refute the above statement and explain how, in the light of your discussion, the public administrator can know what is correct behavior, both in dealing with immediate problems and in dealing with problems over time. Define bureaucracy, describe how it has acquired its popular characterization, and develop an essay in which you either support or attack that characterization. Be sure to offer support for your position.
Public bureaucracies exist in complex and changing environments.
You quickly size things up and see that, basically, all that previous managers have done is hire people who have responded to ads for vacant positions, pay the people, and let them go when warranted. Describe the major types of performance appraisal instruments available to most governmental agencies. Discuss the pros and cons of each instrument. The line-item budget has been a standard tool of public administration for half a century, and survives in some form in spite of recommendations for program budgets, performance budgets, zero based budgets, PPBS, and others. Describe the above named budgeting schemes, outlining similarities and differences, and comment on the utility of each in actual application.