Travelers should also purchase a flying insect-killing spray to use in living and sleeping areas during the evening and night. If applied according to the directions, permethrin will repel insects from clothing for several weeks. Portable mosquito bednets, DEET containing repellents, and permethrin can be purchased in hardware, back-packing, or military surplus stores. Traveler's diarrhea is the most frequent health problem for travelers . It can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites which are found universally throughout the region.
Transmission is most often through contaminated food or water.
Symptoms of typhoid include fever, headaches, tiredness, loss of appetite, and constipation. Typhoid fever can be treated effectively with antibiotics. Typhoid fever is rare in Western Europe. By drinking only bottled or boiled beverages and eating only thoroughly cooked food, a traveler lowers the risk of infection. Therefore, even vaccinated travelers should be cautious in selecting their food and water.