Transmission and Distribution Distribution or transmission in electronic form requires permission, for example posting an article on a network server. Some electronic transmission, such as email or FTP also involves reproduction. Similarly, fax transmission involves reproduction, with a paper copy at the sender's end and the receiver's. Manipulation and Adaptation To adapt or translate a copyright work into a new work requires permission. Here we also run into a problem with moral rights.
Publishers have a responsibility to their authors to ensure that their moral rights are upheld.
Electronic Permissions Translating the balancing principle behind copyright into an electronic environment will involve publishers and libraries working together to understand each others needs, and experimenting with electronic use in controlled situations. Publishers need to feel comfortable with new scenarios for electronic use, and librarians need to demonstrate that electronic information can be managed and access to it controlled in a university environment. It is difficult to generalise about the present policies of publishers on electronic storage and use, as publishers reflect a variety of views. Libraries who contact publishers for electronic permissions should be a specific as possible about the intended use and the controls that will manage use. A library that wants to mount articles on a server might confirm that access will be limited to authorised library users and password protected.