One reason why people were reluctant to embrace the heliocentric theory of Copernicus, in which the Earth rotates and revolves, is that the required speed of rotation and revolution is extremely large by everyday standards. Every second, while you sit staring at your computer terminal, the Earth's orbital motion carries you 30 kilometers, or about 18 miles, through space.
Uniform motion is difficult to detect.
Although it is possible to detect the Earth's circular motions, the effects are subtle, and were not detected until the 18th and 19th centuries, long after Copernicus proposed that the Earth was in motion. The Coriolis effect was first described in 1835 by a French scientist by the name of Gustave Coriolis. If you are located at the equator, and fire a cannonball north or south, you find that the cannonball swerves to the east. Consider the specific case of firing a long-range gun from the equator to the latitude of Columbus, Ohio. If you're in Columbus, you only travel through 30,700 kilometers during the course of one daily rotation, rather than 40,000 kilometers, as would be true at the equator.