Similarly, under a forest protection program , deforestation might be stopped by hiring police to arrest violators, or land might be purchased to take it out of the marketplace. Under a forest protecting system , the costs or penalties to the deforester would be generally sufficient to prevent the action, and the land might be of such little value as a source of poorly-harvested timber that no successful business could engage in deforesting practices for long. Both programs and systems are processors of resources. Programs are intended to accomplish one thing. Systems accomplish many things.
Programs require that money be diverted from something else.
They are entropic they require constant inputs of resources from the outside. Systems can be self-supporting, though perhaps over politically and culturally inconvenient timetables. They are synergetic they are more than the sum of their parts. A forest program requires that someone spend money on something from which they don't get a return it requires involuntary sacrifice by someone. A forest protecting system requires no sacrifice only tradeoffs.