Reciprocal exchange usually involves mutual obligations between the parties conduction the exchange. The most characteristic mode of exchange in relatively egalitarian societies. Human behavior which can be classified as belief and ritual concerned with supernatural beings and forces. It involves acts and activities, personnel, and ideology. Movements that occur especially in times of rapid social change, in which religious leaders of emerge and undertake to alter or revitalize a society.
Rituals surrounding birth, puberty, marriage, and death are rites of passage.
Settled village life, the practice of living in one place. Marriage of a given individual to several spouses, but not at the same time. A voluntary organization of individuals gathered together for a specific purpose such as harvest, curing of diseases, etc. Custom whereby a widower marries the sister of his deceased wife. A strong, centralized government with a professional ruling class largely divorced from the bonds of kinship.