The Woodville Karst Plain, is east of the north-south line formed by Highway 319 through Crawfordville and Panacea. The land surface is made of sand that generally is not more than 20 feet thick. Underneath the sand is a layer of limestone. Like Swiss cheese and sponges, the limestone in Wakulla has lots of holes in it, making it a very porous material.
Water can easily permeate and flow through the underground limestone structure.
Limestone is also soluble, meaning it will dissolve in water over time. This type of limestone topography is called karst. The Apalachicola Coastal Lowlands region is west of the approximate bisecting line formed by Highway 319. The surface of the Apalachicola Coastal Lowlands is generally flat and sandy. Surface water here does not sink readily into the clay and peat, thus the region has a high water table and much of the surface areas are characteristically wet.