See also Croup syndrome . Causes and risks Return to top Epiglottitis affects one out of 10,000 people. It is most common in children between 2 and 6 years old and is usually caused by the bacterium Hemophilus influenzae, although it may be caused by other bacteria or viruses. Epiglottitis is a life threatening disease. It begins with a high fever and very sore throat .
Respiratory distress increases rapidly as the epiglottis swells.
Swallowing problems are associated with drooling and the patient sits up leaning slightly forward and looking very anxious. Spasm may cause the airway to close abruptly and death follows within minutes. Because of this no attempts should be made to look in the mouth if epiglottitis is suspected. Immediate emergency medical help is imperative. Epiglottitis is always a medical emergency.