Use a semicolon between independent clauses not joined by a conjunction. A colon should follow a complete sentence that introduces an item or list. Do not use a colon when an equation or list comes immediately after a verb or preposition. The abbreviations et al., i.e., and e.g., are set with periods and commas.
Mathematical symbols serve as verbs.
Equations are punctuated as sentences. Do not use italics for foreign and Latin words which have become common in English text. Reserve italics in text for emphasis. No hyphens are used in words formed with prefixes. Examples are nonlinear, semimajor axis, antisymmetric.