Lack of mutual respect. Using the most appropriate letters, numbers, words, pictures, and others that have the clearest meaning for the receiver. Encoding Meaning is subjective. Occurs in our heads. Encounter reality through our senses.
Some encoding is automatic.
Subjective responses that individuals learn to make either to things they directly experience in reality or to particular symbols used to label that reality. Want to have similar meanings. If different, communication process has suffered distortion. Frame of reference Communication occurs only when sender and receiver have common frames of reference , when they share language, culture, experience, education, interests, and other things. The point at which frames of reference overlap is where true understanding occurs.