Some forecasters do local forecasts that predict weather for the next six to twelve hours. Other forecasters work with large computer programs that predict weather or hurricanes over the entire Earth for time periods as long as a week. Forecasters usually need a Ph.D. in meteorology or atmospheric science and must become members of the American Meteorological Society. They are likely to have more courses in mathematics and physics than TV Meteorologists. A Consulting Meteorologist is someone paid to provide advice on weather.
Some Consultants work with the insurance industry.
Others work with power companies or shipping companies to try to reduce the cost associated with inclement weather. Consulting meteorologists usually need to have a B.S. or M.S. in meteorology, and may find a Ph.D. helpful. They also need some work experience before becoming an independent consultant. Climatologists collect weather records and produce summaries of the records. Most states have a State Climatologist who provides state officials with future weather predictions.