The effect of damage is that all components of the stiffness matrix are multiplied by a user-defined knockdown value. An additional equilibrate step is required to produce equilibrium after any elements incur damage due to a mutate command. The thermoelastic coefficients young , poisson , and alpha are identical to those defined for the isotropic elements in Section 4.5.1 . The upper limit of stress. The lower limit of stress.
Negative stresses are compressive.
See Figure 4.2 for explanation of symbols.