The values of genealogy and blood far exceed basic human and minority rights. It legitimates a monopolistic claim over a territory by a community of origin. Mono-ethnic territorialism rules over a more multicultural approach, which is realized by typical immigration states like Australia, New Zealand or Canada. In the French discourse, the acceptance of cultural differences and citizenship is simply reversed. This has inevitably to do with the question of whether the nation is fundamentally ethno-cultural in character, a community of real or fictive descendants whose members are bound together from birth by kinship, common history and shared language, as Eric Hobsbawm explained.
Philosophy tries to look at the role of a nation in human affairs.
Hence, the key question is whether nations are evolutionary solutions which can pass away when a certain stage has been surpassed or whether nations are of absolute nature. These questions are also intertwined with economic questions of immigration, the provision of a labor force and the development of a human capital stock in a society. Different citizenship regimes induce different forms of discrimination and may lead to the exclusion from access to scarce resources or even market processes. Ethnicity, Nation, Culture, Hamburg 1998. Mapping the Nation, London 1996.