One megapascal is equal to 10 bars. The solution outside the cell is at a lower water potential than the cell contents so that water moves out of the cell, down the potential gradient.
Membrane proteins float like islands in a sea of lipid.
ATPases use energy from hydrolysis of ATP to push ions or molecules from one side to the other and are the only way that cells can move them against a concentration gradient. Some molecules can be carried inside membrane vesicles which fuse with a cell membrane and release their contents on the other side. The entropy component deals with the randomness or disorder of a system. Plants expend energy to maintain their highly organized structure at the molecular, cellular and organismal levels. Oxidation involves the loss of an electron, thereby releasing energy.