In order to plot Pluto's position, we need to understand what we can infer from the observations of Pluto since its discovery. We also need to understand how do we navigate spacecraft to encounter a planet. Students structure the problem. Discussion of the factors involved in solving the problem. Considerations of ways to think about the problem, perhaps creating hypothetical models to help think things through.
Students identify the problem in the investigation.
Among the problems is plotting the orbit of Pluto. Access to computer-based astronomy and orbital illustrations can help students visualize and calculate aspects of the problems. Students speculate on ways to clear up the difficulty. Students can participate in real-science observation of Pluto through a variety of online services that allow manipulation of telescopes for actual viewing of Pluto and downloading of images. The model has moderate structure, and a cooperative, rigorously intellectual climate.