Acetaldehyde is a pyrolysis product of tobacco and has been suggested to play a role in the reinforcing effects of alcohol. The rapid transport of acetaldehyde in an unmetabolized and undiluted form from the lungs through the heart to the brain may enhance the reinforcing properties of smoking. The primary objective of this program announcement is to enhance the efficacy of treatment for nicotine addicted, alcohol-dependent patients. To that end, research studies are solicited in the following areas. Research is needed to determine the conditions under which tobacco use serves as a salient risk factor for alcohol relapse.
Research suggests several hypothesized mechanisms for the linkage in conjoint alcohol-tobacco use.
Studies are needed to more clearly specify these putative mechanisms and understand their interactions. Studies are needed which identify the optimal sequencing of alcohol and smoking cessation in treatment programs. Research is needed which elucidates factors that underlie the joint vulnerability to alcohol and nicotine dependence. Research is needed to develop common assessment methodologies for alcohol and tobacco dependence which will lead to improved treatment efficacy. Research is needed to determine the extent to which alcohol acts through nicotinic receptors and other receptors and whether chronic nicotine exposure can alter those actions.