The spinal vertebrae are separated by cartilage disks, filled with a gelatinous substance, that provide cushioning to the spinal column. These disks may herniate or rupture from trauma or strain , especially if degenerative changes have occurred in the disk. Radiculopathy refers to any disease condition of the spinal nerve roots.
Most herniation takes place in the lumbar area of the spine.
Disk herniation occur more frequently in middle aged and older men, especially those involved in strenuous physical activity . Other risk factors include any congenital conditions that affect the size of the lumbar spinal canal. Safe work and play practices, proper lifting techniques, and weight control may help to prevent back injury in some people. A physical examination and history of pain may be sufficient to diagnose the disorder. A neurological examination will be performed to evaluate muscle reflexes, sensation, and muscle strength.