The flora, climate, and nature of the terrain determine the system of management practiced by the beekeeper. For example, in the Appalachicola swamps of the Southeast, hives are placed on scaffolding to protect them from flood waters. In the Southwest, shade must be provided to protect the hives from the hot sun. Colonies in the north and mountainous areas must be protected from the cold, in certain forested areas from bears, and on the desert from drifting sand. Where bees are desired for pollination, the beekeepers usually are paid for their services.
Most beekeepers move colonies at night when the bees are all inside the hive.
1 Retired, formerly apiculturist, U.S. Department of Agriculture. However, alfalfa is becoming an important source of nectar in certain areas as new and better varieties are developed. Nectar from white clover, basswood, black locust, birdsfoot trefoil, various berries, and wild flowers contribute to producing a mixture of honey, much of which is sold locally to residents acquainted with the type produced, and some of the highest prices for honey are obtained here. Few commercial beekeepers operate in the Northeast. An estimated 175,000 colonies are in this region.