Those with multiple income streams tend to be less at risk of hunger when any of the streams fails. But transitions often constitute potential hazards as well. In both urban and rural areas, food-poor households experience synergisms between malnutrition, illness, and unhealthy environment that reduce wellbeing and increase hunger. Household poverty restricts access to both nutrition and health care. Food deprivation Chapter 5 examined issues of intra-household distribution of food whether the burden of food poverty is shared equally among household members, and also what types of individuals are likely to suffer from food deprivation in the absence of food poverty.
Significant variables are gender and age.
These underestimates operate to reduce expected and standard nutrient intakes of females from very young ages. Geographically, the problem of reproductive-aged women's malnutrition is most pronounced in parts of India and neighbouring countries in South Asia. Reproductive-aged women the world over are at risk for iron deficiency. Nutrition incorporates notions of food, health, and care, any of which may or may not show gender bias. Gender differences in age-specific survival persist in the face of this seemingly contradictory evidence.