Give two examples of parasitic fungi that have played havoc with the production of crop plants. Explain why the imperfect fungi are viewed as imperfect. Give two examples of fungi that participate in symbiotic relationships. Describe the separate contributions to the relationship that are made by the fungus and by the other participant. State the fundamental contribution of fungi to ecosystems.
Most plant species are vascular plants with well-developed root and shoot systems.
Nonvascular plants such as bryophytes have either simple internal transport systems or none at all. Describe the evolution of root and shoot systems. State the advantages of strong, thick-walled cells for plants living on land. Land plants have a waxy cuticle covering their young stems and leaves. The life cycle of complex land plants is dominated by a large, diploid body, the sporophyte.