Many study designs lack validity, which causes further doubt about their value. Given these limitations and shortcomings, the research nevertheless does suggest the need for further investigation of the association between EMFs and some cancers. These include childhood brain cancer and female breast cancer. Occupational concerns related to EMFs include adult brain cancer, adult leukemia, and male breast cancer. The evidence for adult central nervous system cancers, male breast cancer, and leukemia is also very weak.
Many respected scientists critique the studies as being flawed.
In spite of limited evidence concerning the link between EMFs and cancer, a weak connection between the two appears to exist. Further, valid studies are needed to determine the specific nature of this link. In woodlands and farmlands, several rare but easily explained occurrences result from electromagnetic fields. Decreased milk production in dairy cows and other minor problems can be avoided by properly grounding equipment and buildings. The placement of distribution towers that produce EMFs into recreational areas and natural areas are said to have a negative effect, although no quantifiable data are available and there appears to be no noticeable decrease in the use of those areas.