Vegetables should be cooked and fruit peeled. A fee will be charged for this. Avoid swimming and paddling in fresh water. Swimming pools which are well-chlorinated and maintained are safe. Hepatitis B is endemic and hepatitis A also occurs.
Visceral leishmaniasis is common in central Iraq.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is reported. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever has been reported. Tick-borne relapsing fever may occur. Rabies is present. For those at high risk, vaccination before arrival should be considered.