The period preceding the development of diabetes. It is a retrospective diagnosis. Effect of Pregnancy on Diabetes Pregnancy is diabetogenic due to increased production of insulin antagonists as human placental lactogen, placental insulinase, cortisol, oestrogens and progesterone. Reliance on urine for control of diabetes may lead to insulin overdosage due to lowered renal threshold for glucose. Obstructed labour due to large sized baby.
Sacral dysgenesis is a specific anomaly related to diabetes.
Fasting and 2 hours postprandial venous plasma sugar. Border line indicates glucose tolerance test. Giving 25 gm rapid IV, has little practical value due to bypassing the gut so there is no stimulus to gut hormone production particularly glucagon. If any 2 or more of these values are elevated, the patient is considered to have an impaired glucose tolerance test. First degree family history of diabetes.