1931 Three million Jews live in Poland, making it the largest Jewish population outside the U.S. 1933 Rise of Adolph Hitler. German Nazis proclaim general boycott of all Jewish businesses. Germans pass Nuremberg Laws restricting legal and civil rights of German Jews. Steamship St. Louis . U.S. Jewish population estimated at 4,770,000.
Nazis establish ghettos in Poland.
Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal estimates that 6,000,000 Jews have been murdered by the Nazis. 1947 Ancient scrolls, some dating from 22 B.C.E., are discovered at Qumram near the Dead Sea. UN approves partition of Bitish Mandate Palestine into Jewish and Arab states. 1948 Israel is founded as a nation and is recognized by the United States. 1950s Hundreds of thousands of Jews from Europe and Arab lands come to Israel.