Alders are generally well known as ruderal trees of moist, stream-side habitats. Their fast growth rates, attractive deciduous foliage and nitrogen-fixing capacity make them species of choice for landscaping and soil protection on river banks and other humid terrain. This species differs from most other alders in several respects. It generally has faster growth rates, attains a larger size and is tolerant to drier sites. These attributes suggest that this species has greater potential than other alders.
Shape is variable depending on genetic type and environmental conditions.
In dense stands, trees are self-pruning, leading to well formed smooth trunks. Flowers are borne in catkin-like structures with separate male and female inflorescences. Fruit are similar to a miniature pine cone, shedding small, winged seed. Trees have deep roots which establish a symbiotic relationship with Frankia or Actinomycetes alni actinomycetes. This symbiosis fixes nitrogen and allows phosphate to be made available in poor soils.