His observations were examined to see how well they fit with the theory. For example, many of the musicians exhibited a business orientation, displaying signs with their name on them and selling tapes of their recorded performances. They intended to show listeners that they were not hacks, collecting a few coins, but legitimate, skilled musicians. Alternatively, you can start with what you have observed to arrive at a theory that will explain it. Nathan Glaser is a proponent of grounded theory .
Observations tend to suggest theories which in turn lead to more focused observation.
He studied how patients were treated in a hospital. He noticed that certain ones received more visitors, more attention from the staff and better care than others. These it turned out were usually male breadwinners, of some degree of wealth. His theory was that their role was considered important to their families, and that concern was taken up by the staff who give them priority in their caregiving. In making your interpretation, be careful not to go too far.