Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 3.Departments of Geology and Geophysics and of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 4.
Most models propagate annual oscillations too rapidly in the vertical, and overattenuate the signal.
Most models also significantly underestimate mean age throughout the stratosphere, and most have at least one of several unrealistic features in their mean age contour shapes. We conclude that model transport inaccuracies significantly affect simulations of important long-lived chemical species in the lower stratosphere.