Pretesting Only some of the new itemS can be pretested at present. However, a part of each test consists of previously used and analysed items . Also, regular feedback on the appropriacy of new items is gathered from the markers . Process Scripts and recordings produced by candidates are sent to CALS, from where they are distributed to trained Raters to be marked at home. Marking is guided by a fairly detailed marking scheme and by sets of benchmark examples in the productive skills.
Markers also have a standardisation meeting before starting their individual work.
2.2.Training Markers are trained in seminars which are led by staff members of CALS and experienced item writers and markers . During these seminars marking schemes , criteria and sample scripts are discussed. Training sessions on marking speaking and writing also include going through sample performances at different grade levels and discussions of these samples. In the advanced level tests, everything except the objectively marked section is double marked . Results Results are given in the form of an overall grade and profile grades in speaking, listening, reading, writing and vocabulary and grammar on an eight-point scale .