In a minority of cases, Alzheimer's disease is an inherited condition, and careful study of familial Alzheimer's disease has recently revealed some important clues. At least four abnormal genes have been discovered in various families with the disorder. Many researchers suspect that the nonfamilial or sporadic form of Alzheimer's disease is also the result of an abnormal brain protein or proteins that predispose the individual to the disorder. The further action of something in the predisposed patient's own experience or environment may also be necessary to produce the disease. So far there are no specific diagnostic tests for Alzheimer's disease, but it may be diagnosed with good accuracy if the history is typical and other causes of progressive cognitive decline are ruled out.
Numerous medications are in the experimental stages and show some promise.
The best therapy is to keep the patient in his or her most familiar surroundings. The more active the person, the slower the progression of the disease. Studies suggest that a good diet may also help to slow the progression of the illness. Still, most Alzheimer's patients are eventually hospitalized or placed in nursing homes, since family members find it increasingly difficult to provide the care and attention needed. Support groups help relatives of Alzheimer's victims cope with feelings and make adjustments in their lives.