There are two basic types of programmers, systems programmers and application programmers. System programmers design and make software like operating systems, networks and utility programs. Application programmers write software that is directly used by end-users. Most MIS majors that go into programming go into application programming. The different languages have their individual strengths and weaknesses.
Many programmers specialize in a single language and specialty area.
This is just a basic review of programming but there are serveral different types of programmers out there.