In urban areas the source may be a public fountain or standpost located not more than 200 meters away. In rural areas the definition implies that members of the household do not have to spend a disproportionate part of the day fetching water. An adequate amount of water is that needed to satisfy metabolic, hygienic, and domestic requirements, usually about 20 liters of safe water a person per day. The definition of safe water has changed over time. Access to sanitation refers to the share of the population with at least adequate excreta disposal facilities that can effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with excreta.
Suitable facilities range from simple but protected pit latrines to flush toilets with sewerage.
To be effective, all facilities must be correctly constructed and properly maintained. Child immunization measures the rate of vaccination coverage of children under one year of age. A child is considered adequately immunized against measles after receiving one dose of vaccine. Child immunization measures the rate of vaccination coverage of children under one year of age. Births attended by health staff refer to the percentage of deliveries attended by personnel trained to give the necessary supervision, care, and advice to women during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period, to conduct deliveries on their own, and to care for the newborn and the infant.