Place bird food in a feeder, not on the ground. Use metal trash cans or approved plastic with tight-fitting lids. Clean up fallen fruits and nuts from the ground. Remove pet food dishes and leftovers promptly after feeding. A dilapidated shed or automobile is an invitation to rats.
Rats can jump up to three feet and climb wires and pipe very well.
Be sure to seal any openings to the house, even above ground level. This includes the garage,openings in the foundations, and the basement floor drain. Keep doors and windows screened with half-inch mesh hardware cloth. Store lumber, firewood or other materials well off the ground. Repair any breaks in the sewer line which connects your home with the main sewer system.