The solid and dashed lines in the figure are a priori predictions from Affinity.exe. The loading, washing and elution stages are predicted by simulation with very good accuracy. Chromulator seems well suited for the simulation of low pressure columns with considerable mass transfer effects. This software can be used to simulate isocratic elution using Langmuir isotherm or the ion-exchange type stoichiometic isotherm. Step change in mobile phase is also allowed.
Mobile phase can contain a modifier.
Displacement can use a reversed flow direction. Instead of using Langmuir isotherm, the second-order kinetics is used. This software can also be used to simulate size-exclusion chromatography. This software can be used to simulate gradient elution. It uses the eluite-modulator relationship proposed by Melander, et.