Some specialized firefighters parachute from airplanes when necessary to reach inaccessible areas. Most fire departments have a fire prevention division which is usually headed by a fire marshall. Fire inspectors are specially trained to conduct inspections of structures to prevent fires and to ensure fire code compliance. These firefighters may also check and approve plans for new buildings, working with developers and planners in that process. Fire prevention personnel often speak on these subjects before public assemblies and civic organizations.
Some firefighters become fire investigators, who determine the origin and cause of fires.
They collect evidence, interview witnesses, and prepare reports on fires where there may be arson or criminal negligence. Some investigators have police powers and may arrest suspects. They may also be called upon to testify in court. Between alarms, firefighters have classroom training, clean and maintain equipment, conduct practice drills and fire inspections, and participate in physical fitness activities. They prepare written reports on fire incidents and review fire science literature to keep abreast of technological developments and administrative practices and policies.