A three-step process. Death of the organisms with subsequent fall to bottom of the ocean. A characteristic assembledge of plants that can be reliably associated with a given set of climate conditions. The concept of biomes facilitates the investigation of past climate since we can then use historical pollen records as a proxy for climate. The transfer of heat by molecular activity from one substance to another, or through a substance.
Transfer is always from warmer to colder.
Once removed from the surface, they do not change except by mixing with adjacent water. Produced by differences in the fluid's density. Processes that connect the reservoirs of a system. To be most useful, we need both to identify the process that are operating and to have an estimate of the speed with which they work. Biological and physical processes alter the global, expected ratio bewteen the isotopes of the lighter elements .