Viral transcripts can also be identified in transformed cells. ORF X which codes for a transactivator protein is maintained. Transfection of ORF-X into culture cells induces tumours in nude mice. Liver cancer develops in mice transgenic for ORF-X. Continuous liver cell regeneration may allow the accumulation of mutational events that lead to the emergence of an HCC clone. Insertional activation of the myc gene has also been suggested as a cause.
Medical workers are susceptible.
Stable virus, mucosal and epidermal routes of entry. Infection can be prevented by avoiding direct contact with body fluids. A vaccine is available. Tumour Suppressor Proteins. It prevents the cell progressing to the S phase i.e. is antiproliferative.