Based on a comprehensive research review, children's readiness to learn can be classified broadly into 4 domains and 12 conditions that have been demonstrated to impact one or more of these domains. During this critical period, appropriate environment and stimulation have the strongest impact on the child's ability to learn. Unfortunately, the best opportunities to influence the child's capacity for learning occur well before children enter school.
Poverty has an adverse impact on each of the supporting conditions identified in the model above.
Economically disadvantaged children are exposed more frequently to health risks, family stress, inadequate social support, and parental depression. They also experience more serious consequences of these risks than children from more economically stable families. Research indicates that quality early childhood programs can have significant and enduring impacts on children's development and readiness to learn. Several model programs are identified which are not currently available in Multnomah County. These include the Healthy Start home visitation program, Even Start Family Literacy Program , and Schools for the 21st Century .