Science consists of several specific sciences, such as biology, physics, chemistry, geology, and astronomy. which are defined by the type and range of empirical phenomena they investigate. A content of rice. There is no single scientific method. Some of the methods of science involve logic, e.g., drawing inferences or deductions from hypotheses, or thinking out the logical implications of causal relationships in terms of necessary or sufficient conditions. Some of the methods are empirical, such as making observations, designing controlled experiments , or designing instruments to use in collecting data.
Scientific methods are impersonal.
Thus, whatever one scientist is able to do qua scientist , any other scientist should be able to duplicate. When a person claims to measure or observe something by some purely subjective method, which others cannot duplicate, that person is not doing science. When scientists cannot duplicate the work of another scientist that is a clear sign that the scientist has erred in either in design, methodology, observation, calculation, or calibration. Science assumes it must discover its knowledge. Science presupposes a regular order to nature and assumes there are underlying principles according to which natural phenomena work.