To provide family physicians with a guide for evaluating discipline problems, giving suggestions for parental guidance, and diagnosing problems when discipline guidance fails. Case-control studies, expert opinion, and position statements published by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Canadian Paediatric Society were chosen as a basis for this article. In a special supplement in 1996, a pediatric journal reviewed the controversy of spanking as an effective disciplinary method, with comments by noted researchers and clinicians. Other authors reviewed research evaluating discipline techniques. Parents can learn techniques more effective than spanking.
Physicians can review discipline strategies and guide parents through difficult situations.
Monitoring progress is important, and immediate reassessment of the situation if techniques are failing or referral to a specialist will increase the chances of a successful intervention. Guiding parents during these types of problems requires close follow up and reevaluation when methods do not have the expected effect. This article has been peer reviewed. To provide evidence-based recommendations for family physicians advising travelers on how to reduce their risk of malaria and dengue fever. The ways in which patients neglect malaria precautions are well-known.