The basic strength the child develops at this stage is will, which develops from autonomy. Will involves a determination to exercise freedom of choice and self-restraint in the face of society's demands. The child has a strong desire to take the initiative in many activities. If the caretaker punishes the child and otherwise inhibits these behaviors, the child will develop persistent guilt feelings that will affect all self directed activities throughout life. The basic strength at this stage is purpose, which arises from initiative.
Purpose involves the courage to envision and pursue goals.
The child begins school and is exposed to new social influences. Ideally the child will learn industriousness, that is, good work and study habits, primarily as a means of attaining praise and obtaining the pleasure derived from the successful completion of a task. The child's growing powers of deductive reason and ability to play by the rules lead to the deliberate refinement of skill and are often displayed in building things. Whatever the activities, children are making serious attempts to complete a task through the application of concentrated attention, diligence, and persistence. If children are ridiculed they will likely develop feelings of inferiority and inadequacy.