If so, these materials will be announced in class. Exams are comprised of multiple choice and essay items. See grading policy for additional information. Quizzes are unannounced, in-class examinations of that day's assigned readings. Occasionally, quizzes will also refer to the recent lecture material.
Quizzes are typically four to five open-ended questions.
Please note that essays are graded competitively. That is, the instructor will rank essays' quality of communication, logic, investigative effort, and relevance to the course. Completion of course requirements is a necessary, but not sufficient condition, for a good grade. Students should seek to excel in all their work. Any student receiving the equivalent of a D or F on an assignment or exam must make an appointment to meet with the instructor within one week after receiving the grade.