Working at this scale presents unique problems, such as getting precision and overcoming mechanical distortions. Researchers work within the parameters of structures and systems that behave differently when they are miniaturized. For instance, a system comprised of a slender column supporting a weight actually gets stronger as the system gets smaller. That's one reason why an insect dropped from a great height can land on its legs and not break them. On the other hand, strength of a milling tool goes down by a factor of eight when you cut the diameter in half.
Precision is paramount Ultimately, the fight is for precision.
Industry standards in miniaturization were first driven by mechanical watch manufacturing, then nuclear weapons programs, and now the microelectronics industry. Standards are already being set through the year 2010 with minimum feature sizes dropping from 0.16 micrometers to 0.03. New standards are driven by rising demand for products with greater speed and lower costs. The speed of microelectronic objects is limited by the speed of electricity. A smaller circuit can be completed more quickly and at lower voltage, keeping heat down, making it cheaper to operate.