However, since this drug has not been used in the United States since 1971, this cancer has become even less common over time. For squamous cancers, risks include prior cervical cancer or dysplasia, HPV, smoking, having intercourse at an early age, with many partners or with partners who have had many partners all contribute to vaginal cancer risk. The Pap test and pelvic examinations are highly successful at detecting vaginal cancer in its early stages. Depending on which stage the disease has entered, surgery, radiation and chemotherapy are used for treatment. Vulvar cancer accounts for just four percent of female reproductive system cancers.
Most vulvar cancer is of the squamous cell type, originating in the cells of vulvar skin.
Persistent itching in the perineal area may signal the start of vulvar cancer. Other signs include a lump or a sore which does not heal and swelling of the lymph glands in the groin. Advanced signs include urinary and bowel disorders or bleeding. Women in their 70s, 80s and 90s have the highest risk for vulvar cancer. Other factors include diabetes and chronic vulvar irritation.