One once popular scheme involves killing the sow shortly before birth and removing the piglets still within the womb. The entire womb is transferred to a sterile room and the piglets are cut free and reared. SPF is used on a small proportion of the breeding herd. After weaning the young pigs are reared in groups in small pens or metal cages. Slatted or perforated floors without bedding often cause injury to legs and feet.
Pens are typically barren, overcrowded and poorly lit.
Pigs can become bored and aggressive and tail-biting and excessive fighting may occur. Because of this piglets often have their incisor teeth and tails clipped. Teeth are cut almost down to gum level without anaesthetic. Similarly, tail-docking doesn't require an anaesthetic. Both these operations may be performed in the first few days after birth without a vet being present.