When planting bare root deciduous shrubs for hedges, prune each plant to within 6 inches of the ground. Newly planted shrubs require little pruning if they were container-grown or were dug with a soil ball. Consider the natural form of large trees whenever possible. Most hardwood trees have rounded crowns that lack a strong leader, and such trees may have many lateral branches. This promotes better form and health by increasing light penetration and air movement.
Strong emphasis is on removing weak branches.
Crown Raising removing lower branches on developing or mature trees to allow more clearance above lawns, sidewalks, streets, etc. Crown Reduction removing larger branches at the top of the tree to reduce its height. When done properly, crown reduction pruning is different from topping because branches are removed immediately above lateral branches, leaving no stubs. Crown reduction is the least desirable pruning practice. It should be done only when absolutely necessary.