Cluster analysis is a multivariate data analysis technique whose primary purpose is to group variables into homogeneous subgroups on the basis of their similarities or dissimilarities. In the agglomerative methods, each variable starts out as its own cluster. In each subsequent step, the two closest clusters are combined into a new, bigger cluster. This build-up process continues until all variables are combined into one final cluster that contains all variables in the data set. Systems science originated from the experimental sciences, general systems theory, and cybernetics, and it has evolved into a distinct area for the development of systems theory to explain the structure and behavior of various systems.
Systems science focuses on the developmental processes of systems thinking, theory, and application.
Systems approach is the application of systems theory and systems thinking to real world systems and aims at better understanding the organization as a system and at predicting future states of the organization through model building. The third factor that emerged in this study is User Interfaces . Despite the numerous previous research reports, results are inconclusive. Factor 11, Implementation , is the last factor to emerge in this study. A strong intercorrelation among the systems science factor, implementation factor, and user interfaces factor is attributable to the works of Churchman who has been a systems scientist, management scientist, and implementation researcher.