Students lack the study habits and skills. Courses should be more rigorous. Students lack direction at the university level. Students need to learn good communication skills and become self-thinkers. The task is to look at what already exists, and to identify what does not.
Teachers are underprepared to teach.
The following represents how the group organized the answer to the question. Also some items appear under more than one heading. Look at what has already been collected, and what has not been accomplished. Formulate questions and then look at gaps and indicators to see how big the gaps are, and how to close them. The big task is identifying which gaps are the most critical and decide how to close them.