Low self-esteem 3. General sense of hopelessness about life 4. Friends who use 5. Greater orientation to friends than family 6. Best predictor of young adult drinking.
Peers socialize one another to drink by modeling, imitating or reinforcing drinking behavior.
Also peer selection goes on in that people chose to associate with people who are like them. Personal dispositional factors, including family history of alcoholism. Positive expectancies of drinking outcome is related to heavy drinking. Young drinkers believe that the degree of enjoyment is directly related to the amount consumed. Teaches adolescents how to recognize social pressure from peers, older siblings and the media.