Here early involvement and awareness raising by OSH education already in school or in college was suggested. It also was pointed out, that additional skills and professions may be needed to address the demands of a modern work situation adequately, since increasingly psychosocial factors and organisational considerations have to be addressed. On both sides of the Atlantic voluntary guideline approaches are used to assist employers in performing their duties. The current European framework regulation actually needs a body of explanatory suggestive non-binding regulation, in order to be put effectively into practice, such as e.g. guidelines on how to conduct a risk assessment. The effectiveness of non-mandatory guidelines and of formal safety and health programmes still needs evaluation .
Performance measures seem to be still very much under discussion.
They should be defined proactively rather than reactive. Contractors and subcontractors should be included. In judging performance, process and outcome should be monitored, organisation and data should be looked at. There is a general impression, that voluntary guidelines work best, when they are worked out in partnership in order to solve a defined problem. Non-binding regulation is often discussed in connection with the use of incentives .