Rule 1 is that a station must listen to determine if another station is transmitting before initiating a transmission. If the network is busy, then the station must back off and wait a random interval before trying again. Rule 2 is that a station which is transmitting must monitor the network to see if another station has begun transmission. This is a collision , and if this occurs, both stations must back off and retry after a random time interval. As it takes a finite time for signals to travel down the cable, it is possible for more than one station to think that the network is free and both grab it at the same time.
People involved in group conversation tend to obey much the same behavior.
This protocol is widely used in ring networks for controlling station access to the ring. A station which wants to transmit waits for the token to arrive. When it arrives, it changes it from a token to a connector message , and appends its message on the end. This is then placed on the outgoing side of the ring. Each station passes on received tokens if they have nothing to transmit.