A variety of litters should be offered to the cat in a variety of boxes. Be creative and persistent. Consider trying one of the new trays where urine passes through rocks onto a pad below. Watch the cat and find out what works. Use this information to plot your strategy.
Some cats prefer very little or no litter.
Foghorns, water pistols, whistles, and tins of pennies all work with some cats. Foghorns are usually inappropriate in apartments, although clients derive much satisfaction from their use. Regardless, physical punishment, including rubbing the cat's nose in the soiled area, is useless after the fact and is potentially dangerous to the client and injurious to the cat during the act. Some cats may need to be confined to a restricted area at first. If you do this, make sure that the cat has the same choice of litters and boxes mentioned previously and that you give much attention to the cat during its confinement.