The core might consist of nickel or iron. Lunar soil is probably igneous rock, meaning formed by lava. The soil is interspersed with glassy material possibly from vaporization and cooling of material hit by meteorites. The surface is approximately 3.5 billion years old. 60 elements were identified by flame tests.
Rocks are deficient in sodium and potassium but rich in titanium.
There are radioactive particles of helium, argon, neon, krypton, and xenon present from the solar wind. There is evidence of organic compounds similar to the carbon compounds essential for life on Earth.