I am not prepared to discuss Einstein, but you are right that some people seem to do some cognitive processes different from most. There is a small body of research that looks at people who seem very different from the rest, for instance people who have unusually large memory spans. Sometimes the differences inform as much as the uniformity. For example, for purposes of meditation, achieving a different level of consciousness. So it is hard to answer a question about what the scientific community recognizes.
Meditation is probably a good example.
By focusing on one simple, repetitive thought or behavior, first other processes may be stopped, and then the task being focussed on might become more automatic, so that the executive control system no longer needs to be involved. It doesn't have the same connotation as what you asked about, but perhaps I'll find more for you later about that. I don't know. I'll see if I can find a theory about this for you. Many behaviors become sub-conscious with practice, so probably some interpersonal behaviors do as well.