In this century, they have become associated with adult education in Scandinavian countries, particularly Sweden. Race relations, education, and violence are the three key issues being addressed by communities across the nation. Study circles typically consist of 5 to 15 people who come together in a democratic interaction to look at an issue from a variety of points of view. Group members establish a shared set of ground rules or guidelines by which they want to operate as a group, including how to conduct the discussion, manage potential controversy and conflict, and ensure all viewpoints get fair hearing and all participants are respected. Study circles are voluntary and participatory by nature.
Participants use a common set of background materials.
Study guides provide history, current data, and other information about the issue but do not advocate a particular position. A neutral facilitator manages the group process. The facilitator is not necessarily an expert on the topic at hand but is appropriately trained. Skills once gained can be applied to any issue. Often, a community begins with one pressing issue, learns how to engage in this work together, and then decides to look at a related issue.