Partial injuries are uncommon. If only one side of the spinal cord is injured, paralysis may occur on only one side of the body although sensation changes may occur on either or both sides. A neurologic examination indicates the level of the spinal-cord injury if the location is not immediately evident. The reflexes may be abnormal or may be absent in affected areas of the body. There may be some recovery of reflexes after swelling has subsided.
Muscle spasticity is common.
Spine X-rays will show fracture or damage to the bones of the spine. A CT scan or MRI of the spine may pinpoint the location and extent of spinal-cord trauma. Corticosteroids such as dexamethasone or methylprednisolone are used to reduce swelling that may compress the spinal-cord. If spinal-cord compression can be relieved before there is total destruction of the nerves of the spine, paralysis may in some cases be reduced or relieved. Ideally, corticosteroids should begin within 8 hours after the injury.