As yet, paternal replication is unexplained, and may represent either highly repeated chromosomal replicons or possibly alterations from normal cytoplasmic inheritance patterns in soybean. The use of inbred lines is very convenient for DAF, as the lines are predominantly homozygous. Since DAF markers are dominant, it is impossible to distinguish the dominant homozygote from the heterozygote. In recombinant inbreds, however, DAF and RFLP markers share the same statistical advantages. This form of fingerprinting is similar to the Universal Product Code, in which bars and spaces define a product.
Reliable exclusion is obtained when one or more bands differ between samples.
Inclusion is more difficult, as many primers need to be tested, frequency of variation within the sampled species needs to be known, and careful statistical statements need to be generated. For example, foundation stock from several geographic locations gave identical profiles for Bermudagrass Tifway 419, while samples analyzed from golf course owners repeatedly showed major variation. The application of DNA tests to the turfgrass industry is a major challenge in an area of repeated vegetative propagation, triploidy and genetic instability. Sunflower material provided by a seed company was categorized into several groups. Some common bands permitted the suggestion of a possible pedigree.