We now know that diabetes occurs when the immune system attacks pancreatic islet cells. The immune system may mistake proteins on the cells for those of invading organisms. Over a period of time, all of the insulin-producing cells are destroyed. Insulin is a hormone produced by the beta cells in the pancreas and used by the body to allow glucose from the food we eat to get into our cells for energy. Insulin is necessary for life, and those with Type 1 diabetes must inject it into their bodies multiple times a day.
Most injectable insulins are forms of human insulin.
Each person should check with his or her doctor to determine the most appropriate range of blood sugar levels. Self-monitoring of glucose is a necessity for individuals with diabetes to maintain the balance and help avoid great fluctuations. All types of diabetes are serious. Because people with Type 2 or gestational diabetes retain the ability to make some insulin, the metabolic disturbances of the disease are milder, but all types of diabetes can lead to serious consequences if untreated. Under certain circumstances, this condition can be very serious and require medical intervention.