Much of the native steppe habitat has been converted for agricultural purposes. By exchanging isolated forested tracts and purchasing larger blocks of meadow steppe lands, the agencies hope to provide a safety net of habitat. Populations of grassland and shrub-steep species, such as sage grouse and pronghorn, are declining due to a loss of habitat. In the basin's forests, populations of cavity dwellers, including several species of owl, woodpeckers, and the northern flying squirrel, are declining due to fewer dead or dying trees. In areas near roads, fallen trees are often collected for firewood or other uses.
Roads also pose other risks to wildlife.
Many animals have been killed crossing busy roads and highways. Populations of grassland and shrub-steep species, such as sage grouse and pronghorn, are declining due to a loss of habitat. Neotropical migratory birds traveling between North and South America each year also have fewer and fewer safe stopover areas. Habitat is also an issue for the federally protected grizzly bear and gray wolf, which require large, uninhabited areas. Their needs and the needs of people living near them must be carefully weighed in planning for their recovery.