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Five satellitic centers are located near the island's shoreline. Frequent historical eruptions have been recorded since 1616. More recently, a period of activity began in December 1956 that lasted through January 1966. Lava flows and a nuee ardente from the South Crater occurred in June and December 1974, and intermittent moderate explosive activity has continued into 1993, with peaks of activity in 1982 and 1984. Royal Society of New Zealand Bulletin 24, p. 155-171.