Although elevated maternal phenylalanine levels are associated with birth defects, excessively low levels during pregnancy also are associated with poor fetal growth and microcephaly. For this reason, follow-up over time is recommended. Phenylalanine hydroxylase converts phenylalanine to tyrosine. Report of Medical Research Council Working Party on Phenylketonuria. Medicine is a constantly changing science and not all therapies are clearly established.
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