For example, in a lower grade lesson, the teacher displays a picture of a face. Other pictures show groups of children in social situations involving conflict. Discussion is aimed at helping children identify and describe emotions. Becoming aware of other options is important. Peer conflict management, which evolved from successful peer tutoring programs, is used at elementary, middle, and high school levels.
Mediators use a prescribed problem-solving process to help disputants find their own solutions.
The staff and students at Woodrow Wilson High School in San Francisco have noticed a difference in halls and classrooms since the program was implemented in 1987. Experts emphasize the importance of reaching kids before gangs do. Reaching kids who are already gang-involved is more difficult, but not impossible. An alternative program, implemented in Portland schools in spring 1990, yielded promising results, according to Schar. Small class sizes and specially trained teachers contributed to the program's effectiveness, says Schar.