This aids the body's synthesis of nitric oxide, which causes blood vessels to widen. In turn, this lowers blood pressure, counteracting the stiffness of cholesterol-clogged arteries, and, perhaps, reduces further clogging. The cholesterol found in nuts contains plant-based sterols that counter atherosclerosis, the accumulation of fatty deposits in blood vessels. Phytosterols, soluble only in fats, are now being used in some commercial margarines to reduce the risk of heart disease. In animal studies, phytosterols have also been shown to have anti-cancer properties.
Pistachio nuts are especially rich in phytosterols.
Nuts contain vitamins and minerals that protect against heart disease, high blood pressure and stroke, including folate, which lowers blood levels of homocysteine. Elevated homocysteine levels can triple the risk of heart attacks. Peanuts are the best nut sources of folate. Beneficial minerals in nuts include calcium, magnesium and potassium, and all protect against high blood pressure. Pistachios, followed by almonds, are the richest nut sources of potassium, and almonds are the best nut source of calcium.