In the past, the importance of wetlands was not well understood, and wetlands were often regarded as wastelands to eliminate or avoid. Largely because of these views, over half of our nation's original wetlands have been drained or filled and no longer function as wetlands. Farms, housing developments and industrial sites now stand in former wetlands. Over time, our understanding of wetlands has changed. Scientists and others now understand the crucial role of wetlands and the many important benefits they provide to the environment and people.
Wetlands purify water by removing and retaining nutrients, processing wastes and trapping sediments.
They help prevent floods in populated areas by absorbing floodwaters and then slowly releasing them. Wetlands also help to minimize land erosion. Coastal wetlands play a major role by absorbing the force of storms as they hit shore. Wetlands provide important habitat to fish and wildlife, and support hunting and fishing activities. In addition, wetlands serve as natural recreational and tourism sites.