Unrecycled raw material and product waste from the manufacturing process. Distribution Transport of product from manufacturing site to market. Running of storage facilities. Construction Construction, renovation, dismantling or demolition of buildings used by the organisation, landscaping of grounds. Removal of waste.
Most assessments involve a consideration of direct emissions only.
However, an organisation may be interested in offsetting indirect emissions, even though these are arguably not its responsibility. For example, a food manufacturer requested ECCM to calculate the CO 2 emissions associated with all the materials used in a particular product line. To calculate indirect emissions, the framework described was applied to the manufacturer and to its emissions at other stages of its lifecycle. Assessments for raw materials and simple products are relatively straightforward. However, assessment for manufactured products with many components may involve complex life cycle inventories.