For one, experts say that this technology will allow us to reverse the aging process and replace body parts. Combined with the new knowledge of the complete human genome, it is possible to clone body parts and put them into diseased human bodies. Nanomachines can be inserted into people to repair aging skin cells or possibly diseased cells or organs. These machines will be able to repair damaged human cells one at a time and in the case of skin cells, reverse the aging process by rebuilding each skin cell at an anatomically perfect level. Bottom-up manufacturing should require less material and pollute less.
Nature builds things with atomic precision.
Humans are now learning to build non-biological materials and machines on the nanometer scale, imitating the elegance and economy of nature. Nanotechnology will enable us to manufacture devices that conduct electricity efficiently, compute, move, sense their environment, and repair themselves. Nanostructures will revolutionize materials and devices of all sorts, particularly in nanoelectronics and computer technology, medicine and health, biotechnology and agriculture, as well as national security. The United States does not dominate nanotechnology research. Japan and Europe are supporting scientific work of the same quality and breadth of that done in the United States.