You can take it as an indication of some of the kinds of question that might be on this year's exam, but the topics sheet for this year's exams will note some further kinds of questions that also might appear. Also, there are many differences between the topics for this old exam and the ones you are responsible for this year. The author is therefore the ideological figure by which one marks the manner in which we fear the proliferation of meaning.
Pictures are props in visual games of make-believe.
The great advantage of thinking of them this way is that it allows us to recognize the world of the viewer's game, a world which is an extension of the world of the picture, and one to which the viewer belongs. Most accounts of pictorial representation recognize only the picture world, and have the viewer standing outside that world observing it. So it is essential to our study that we understand the nature of an art theory, which is so powerful a thing as to detach objects from the real world and make them part of a different world, an art world, a world of interpreted things. That which withers in the age of mechanical reproduction is the aura of the work of art. This is a symptomatic process whose significance points beyond the realm of art.