Mortality is rare and usually is due to complications from hypovolemia, with severe hemorrhage or underlying disease states. Increased morbidity is associated with nasal packing. Posterior packing can potentially cause airway compromise. Packing in any location may lead to infection. No sexual predilection exists.
Nasal hemorrhage occurs most commonly during colder months and in dry colder climates.
Duration of hemorrhage and side of initial bleeding should be noted. History of epistaxis, hypertension, hepatic or other systemic disease, easy bruising, or prolonged bleeding after minor surgical procedures should be sought. Recurrent episodes of epistaxis, even if self-limited, should raise suspicion for significant nasal pathology. Nausea is a possible symptom. Massive epistaxis may be confused with hemoptysis or hematemesis.