MVACs have a very high leakage rate of refrigerant charge. This release is a great concern because a single CFC molecule can destroy 100,000 molecules of ozone. They are no longer manufactured as of 1996. A substitute, HFC-134a, is being used exclusively in new cars as of 1996. Although chemically similar to ozone depleters, HFC-134a breaks down more quickly in the lower atmosphere and does not reach the stratosphere.
Retailers can sell automotive refrigerant only to technicians certified in proper handling of CFCs.
Recovery equipment must be EPA-approved. Any repairs of air conditioning units must be done properly so that the gases are not inadvertently released to the air. The EPA does not require that leaks be repaired, although it recommends that vehicle owners consider repairing leaks to reduce emissions and extend the useful life of their air conditioner. Repair of leaking systems will help vehicle owners avoid the need to continue to refill systems with high priced refrigerant. EPA recognizes that good service practices include recovering and recycling refrigerant, and performing leak detection.