Once you move the watermelon and glass pane from outer space to our everyday gravity-bound existence, the preceding example is no longer true. Gravity is an extra force that complicates the equations. But what really changes everything is friction, that stickiness when two things rub. Friction is the reason why the part Newton's First Law, having to do with moving objects, is so contrary to common sense. The Earth is, obviously, much larger than the watermelon and the glass pane.
Objects are constantly rubbing against the Earth and the layer of air it pulls along.
The collisions between ball, air and Earth scatter the ball's motion until its direction and speed match that of the surrounding planet. This is rest. Newton's Second Law. The force on an object is equal to its mass multiplied by its acceleration. Winches and pulleys, blocks slipping down a slope, pendulums rocking back and forth.