A map of the human genome or a microchip are examples of a maps that are larger than reality. In essence, a map is a symbol of reality. The following methods are ways in which cartographers select, represent, and modify reality. Don't forget that sometimes a graph may illustrate a particular set of data more clearly. The map-maker and user must select region and time of interest Decide on what variables are important.
Scale is a fraction of map to real distance.
Think of scale as a piece of pie. Become familiar with the different map scale uses illustrated on pp. Selecting a perspective-as a user you have little or no control over this variable. Be aware that different vantage points convey information differently. Different techniques provide different views of reality and attempts to convey 3D information on a spherical earth to a 2D map.