Mean annual temperature is 45 to 50 degrees, and mean annual precipitation is 27 to 33 inches. These are the Ames , Dundas , Hamel , Luther , and Nessel soils which are members of a toposequence with the Hayden soils. Moderately well drained Nessel soils have plane or slightly convex slopes. Poorly drained Ames and Dundas soils have slightly concave to slightly convex slopes with gradient of less than 2 percent. Poorly drained Hamel soils are on toe slopes.
Organic soils are common associates in some places.
Runoff is medium and rapid. Permeability is moderate. Mostly cleared and cultivated to corn, soybeans, small grain, and hay. Native vegetation was deciduous forest of maple, basswood, oak, and elm. Southeastern Minnesota and in central Iowa.