Although STDs are extremely common among women entering jails, the majority of corrections facilities do not routinely screen for these infections, unless a woman has symptoms or requests testing. However, chlamydia and gonorrhea frequently have no symptoms. If left untreated, these diseases can have serious health consequences and can continue to spread to others. Bidis are small brown cigarettes, often flavored, consisting of tobacco hand-rolled in tendu or temburni leaf and secured with a string at one end. They are primarily produced in India and in some Southeast Asian countries, and are available in the United States.
Research shows that bidis are a significant health hazard to users.
One study found that bidis produce more than three times the amount of carbon monoxide and nicotine and more than five times the amount of tar than cigarette smoke, when tested on a standard smoking machine. 1999 Immunization against measles is primary concern during the initial phase of any complex emergency involving a large population of displaced persons. Because of the extensive ethnic conflict, approximately 500,000 Kosovar Albanians fled their homes in early 1999. In addition to measles, WHO recommends immunization against other vaccine-preventable diseases such as polio. The standard recommendation for vaccinating displaced populations, in this situation, differed from recommended protocols.