Votes on floor amendments refine policy proposals reported from congressional committees. Votes on procedural motions may decide whether a specific issue is even debated. Votes on final passage lead to new laws for the nation. Before a major vote, Members are overwhelmed with differing opinions sent months, weeks, and sometimes even minutes prior to voting. Congressional offices receive mailbags full of letters, e-mails, faxes, and phone calls from constituents, all expressing a wide array of conflicting opinion.
Members receive statements from expert witnesses testifying before congressional hearings.
Special interest groups send them background material. Congressional agencies provide reports and studies. Colleagues in Congress send letters with recommendations, and the Administration weighs in with its position. There is no shortage of material on both sides of any issue before the Congress. The truth lies somewhere in between.