Freezing may be manifested by animals that perceive dangers and may be related to this. It also may be shown by predators hunting prey. In either case, the behavior is thought to render an animal less susceptible to detection. In cattle and horses, frog posture is an indicator of hip dislocation, rupture of the adductor muscles, or paralysis of the obturator nerve. Behavioral symptoms of frustration vary among species and may include elevated levels of pacing, grooming, preening, pawing, vocalization, and aggression.
Sustained frustration promotes development of stereotypy or apathy.
An artificial maneuver in which the horse moves sideways in a direction 90 degrees from its median plane. In a behavioral context, that which is accomplished by a given action. In a statistical sense, a function mathematically defines the relationship between two or more variables. One of the vocalizations of geese, consisting of repeated short, cackling sounds and most typically produced when encountering familiar peers. Keep Delete 103 GAIT - Action of the legs during locomotion.