Made of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. There are 20 R groups that define each amino acid. R groups can be polar, non polar, acidic or basic. Cells are the fundamental units of life. With big cells, diffusion rates are too slow to move molecules fast enough for biochemical reactions to occur at rates required for living processes.
Nuclear pores allow transport between nucleus and cytosol.
Chromosomes contained in the nucleus. Nucleolus, within the nucleus, is where ribosomes are made. Contains enzymes that detoxify poisons and assist in lipid and carbohydrate matabolism. Flattened stack of membranes. Collects vesicles from rough ER at the cis face , can further modify proteins and lipids and then the modified proteins and lipids leave the Golgi apparatus at the trans face , as vesicles that can move to the cell membrane and fuse by exocytosis.