Most of the measurement tools, or evaluations in the fields of anger management, assessment of risk and need, risk prediction, institutional violence and assault, are based on men, or relate to male populations.
None consider women's own accounts of how they feel when angry.
Thus she points out that most tools cite hitting as an expression of anger, but never crying, a common response elicted from the women in her study. Most institutional classification systems concerned with assessing risk and need, as well as being based on male populations, are American. The primary emphasis of many of these scales is on security and risk rather than need, although it is recognized that women are much less violent in prison or outside than men. A few attempts to apply existing risk predictors used for men to female populations have been made. A number of risk factors which are predictive of men's recidivism fail to do so for women.