The three or more years required to convert land from conventional to certified organic production can be tumultuous. Certification requirements do not allow for gradual phaseout of pesticide and fertilizer use. Rather, the grower must stop using them entirely on all fields to be certified. While experiences vary somewhat, growers typically observe lower yields and greater pest problems in the beginning. It is important to note that some crops are easier to grow under organic management than others.
Regional differences can also be critical.
Generally speaking, most agronomic grain crops, soybeans, and forages do well in organic systems. Vegetable and fruit crops can be more challenging, depending on the insect and disease problems present in the region. This bonus helps defray some of the costs incurred during the conversion phase. Premiums received by growers can vary widely depending on supply and demand. Crops that can be easily produced by organic means may earn little or no premium from the buyer.