A full history and physical exam, blood tests, and other tests may be done. Left untreated, dry eye can cause irritation and inflammation of the front of the eye. Worsening damage and scarring to the front of the eye, and even blindness may result. Serious long-term effects are unusual in the US, but more common in underdeveloped countries. A dry eye is not contagious and poses no risk to others.
Treatment is directed at the cause, if one can be found.
For example, medications may need to be stopped or changed. If the cause cannot be corrected, treatment is planned to relieve symptoms and prevent damage to the eye. Artificial tears, in the form of drops, are the most common treatment. These can be bought without a prescription. These drops may need to be used often during the day because they only help moisten the eye for 1 to 2 hours at a time.