Researchers have studied the influence of parents and the family on children's career choice and development. Much of this research has demonstrated links between career development and such factors as socioeconomic status, parents' educational and occupational attainment, and cultural background. This Digest highlights a different body of research that considers the effects of family relationships. The Digest looks at the ways in which parenting styles, family functioning, and parent-child interaction influence career development.
Parenting styles are broad patterns of child rearing practices, values, and behaviors.
The authoritative style balances clear, high expectations with emotional support and recognition of children's autonomy. This makes it more difficult for children to develop self-knowledge and differentiate their own career goals from their parents' goals. Family functioning also includes the response to circumstances such as poverty, alcoholism, marital instability, and illness or death of family members. Interactions between parents and children and among siblings are a powerful influence. Understanding early family experiences and relationships can help adults identify barriers to their career progress.