Women may be without symptoms but may be carriers of the gene for the disorder. Muscle contractures are common, which involve the inability to use the muscle because of shortening of the muscle fibers and fibrosis of the connective tissue. Some types of MD involve the heart muscle, causing cardiomyopathy or arrhythmias . A muscle biopsy is the primary test used to confirm the diagnosis. A serum CPK may be elevated.
Treatment is aimed at controlling symptoms to maximize the quality of life.
Activity is encouraged to the degree tolerated. Physical therapy may be helpful to maintain muscle strength and functioning. Orthopedic appliances such as braces and wheelchairs may improve mobility and self-care abilities. The stress of illness can often be helped by joining support groups where members share common experiences and problems. See muscular dystrophy - support group .