No one fully understands why the macula tends to break down, but most researchers tend to blame the aging process. ARMD seems to run in families, so heredity probably plays a role, but the most consistent finding among ARMD sufferers is the lack of certain nutritional elements in the macula, suggesting nutritional deficiency. Many other factors have been studied by scientists, and it appears that smoking, excessive alcohol intake, elevated cholesterol levels, high blood pressure and other factors may also increase the risks, but the metabolic changes inherent in aging seem to be the major causative factors. Antioxidants, chemicals with ring form which can capture free radicals, are important in the reduction of oxidants in tissue and are produced in moderate amounts by the body. More important is the supply of dietary antioxidants in the form of fresh fruit and vegetables, and additional vitamins and minerals in nutritional supplements now available.
Most people have the dry type.
This is a gradually developing degenerative condition in which the macula thins and small deposits called drusen build up under the surface. The first thing most people notice is that their central vision is blurred, making them think that they need stronger glasses. Straight lines appear wavy or slanted. Any of the symptoms may be gradual or sudden. Sudden changes are indicative of the wet type, and call for immediate attention.