A substance that has no effect on a patient. It is sometimes given to members of the control group during an experimental trial. A formal document for a study, written by a scientist, that details the exact patient population, the treatment selection rational, hypotheses under study, method of treatment, method of observation, and data to be reported. Treatment of cancer with high-energy radiation. A statistical plan by which treatments are assigned by chance to patients under study.
Randomization is the basis of the statistical design used in the clinical trial setting.
A type of skin cancer that usually appears as red, scaly patches on the lips, face, and tips of ears, but can also occur in other sites, such as the cervix and lungs. An evaluation of the extent of the disease. Classifying disease based on stage at diagnosis helps to determine appropriate treatment and prognosis. An anti-estrogen used in cancer therapy. A new and spontaneous growth of tissue that forms an abnormal mass.