Research is required for new transient protection systems to avoid isolation and minimize bad aspects of diversion. The possibilities of transient protection system acting as a non-linear system giving constant output for variable inputs representing transients are to be explored. Intelligent protector adjust its response by anticipating the nature of transient at the very beginning of the transient. Grounding and bonding Grounding and bonding of electrical and mechanical systems are mainly used to control dangerous overvoltages and are very important for safety of personnel. However, the current practice of allowing the transients to spread over the grounding system produce 'dirty grounds' and this in turn cause many EMC problems.
More research is required to develop the concept of ground as an absorber of transients.
Risk analysis Risk analysis in terms of the effects of transients in typical facilities are to be performed. The risk level depend on the nature of transients, the effects of transients on the facility, and the level of tolerance in the functional deterioration of the facility. The risk analysis may even has to be carried out on sub-units of a facility such as communication room, medical ward, control room etc. Lightning is an important cause for transients in power and communication distribution network. Sweden and most countries of Western Europe are covered by lightning location systems.