Every hedgehog should be examined periodically for external parasites. This examination can be done by simply picking up the animal and looking at the skin. Fleas are the most common of external parasites for hedgehogs. As a rule, these dog and cat fleas will only reside on the hedgehog a short period of time before going on to look for their natural host. Whenever fleas are discovered on a hedgehog, immediate treatment is recommended.
Severe infestations can cause anemia or even death in the animal.
There are a few sprays and powders that are safe for puppies and kittens that may be used but the safest method is to shampoo the hedgehog. It is important for the owner to remember to treat the cage, bedding and hedgehog all at the same time. Fleas will lay eggs that develop into larvae, which in turn will turn into other fleas and re-infest the hedgehog. This flea cycle takes approximately five weeks to complete. Fleas are generally at their worst during the summer months in areas that have distinct seasonal changes.