There are several branches of mathematics. Arithmetic concerns addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of numbers. Algebra is a symbolic language in which problems can be solved using symbols to stand for varying or unknown quantities. Geometry is the study of shapes and angles, and is useful in carpentry, architecture, and many other fields. One of the commonest applications of mathematics to science is the use of equations to fit observed data, e.g. as in a graph of one quantity against another, such as temperature against time, for a cooling body.
Paleontology is the scientific study of life-forms existing in former geological time periods.
When living things die they are sometimes buried in a layer of mud. After millions of years the mud turns into solid rock and the remains are preserved as fossils . The layers of rock can be dated, and so we know the age of the fossils in that layer. Paleontologists have discovered much about life that existed millions of years ago, by studying fossils. Especially interesting are the fossils of dinosaurs, some of which were very large indeed.