Although not a preferred food item, overwintering birds consume and spread the seeds. The species may be dependent on disturbance due to a possible shade intolerance. Their results allude to yet another advantage of having large core areas in a reserve. Control for this species and yet another exotic Lonicera species, Lonicera tatarica, may best be achieved using the methods proposed for Lonicera japonica control. Literature Cited Basinger, M. 1994 .
Plant species distribution in bald cypress swamps along the Cache River in southern Illinois.
Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. Coblentz, B.E. 1990. Courtenay, W.R. 1991. Biological pollution through fish introductions. Pages 35-61 in B. N. McKnight, editor.