We study signal transduction, the molecular mechanism by which cells respond to extracellular signals. The types of signals that we study are those that regulate survival and differentiation in neurons, although they also have other functions in neurons and non-neuronal cells. Like all cells, neurons respond to various hormones and growth factorsthat signal via plasma membrane receptors.
Neurons are special in that they are also electrically active.
Nerve membrane electrical activity, like signaling through plasma membrane receptors, is an important regulator of neuronal survival and differentiation. Neurons exist in complex environments in which they are constantly receiving many diverse types of signals. Both the presynaptic cells and the postsynaptic target provide trophic support to SGNs and both are necessary. Cutting the central projection or removal of the hair cells results in SGN death. Thus, the spiral ganglion is a very simple system that exhibits integration of trophic signals from two distinct and well-defined sources.