Fluids are increased to double urine output. Calcium intake of less than a gram a day and lowered sodium intake, as well as medication, help reduce recurrence. Diets with less meat, fish and poultry decrease urinary uric acid. Allopurinal can reduce urinary uric acid. Sodium bicarbonate will decrease urine acidity.
Potassium citrate helps stone patients bind calcium and lessen the urinary amount.
Appropriate antibiotics are required for infection stones. Other types of scope can be passed into the kidney through a small skin cut in the patient's flank. Side effects of lithotripsy can include later high blood pressure. Infected stones need to be removed as they may harbor bacteria. Treatment studies have to be strictly placebo controlled.