Due process is a range of procedural safeguards to ensure fairness when a person is arrested and faced with prosecution or punishment. Due process acts as a counter weight to the State's powers of arrest and prosecution. Breach of the peace includes assault, creating public alarm or excitement or obstructing a police officer doing his or her duty. Annoyance, disturbance or insulting language are not sufficient reasons for one citizen to arrest another. A police officer may use as much force as is necessary to arrest you.
Unreasonable force is assault.
After arrest, a police officer may handcuff you if you attempt to escape or the officer considers it necessary to prevent you escaping. A judge or magistrate will decide whether or not the force used was reasonable in the circumstances. It is an offence to resist arrest. Active resistance is required for a charge of resisting arrest to be laid. Lying down and refusing to co-operate is not resisting arrest.