Centrioles duplicate prior to cell division and function as part of a microtubule organizing center. Centrioles also give rise to basal bodies that direct the formation of cilia and flagella. Cilia and flagella are hairlike projections of cells responsible for locomotion. Cellular metabolism includes all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell. Every cellular reaction requires a specific enzyme.
Metabolic pathways require enzymes to catalyze a series of reactions in sequence.
Enzymes are named for their substrates and have an active site specific for the substrate. Many enzymes have nonprotein molecules, called coenzymes, to assist them. Some coenzymes, like NAD, remove hydrogen from substrates. Glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide and water during aerobic cellular respiration. Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport system are three subpathways of cellular respiration.