Like learning to find and catch fish, the ability to predict weather with some degree of accuracy is a learned, or acquired, skill. Some of it comes from listening to the weather forecasters and then watching the weather maps being played out on the television. It is sort of a 'see how right they were' game. I suspect most of my weather understanding, however, was learned from guessing wrong too many times. Over the years, I finally started notice enough situational patterns to better estimate what was most probable.
Weather patterns differ somewhat by locale.
The first thing to do, is look at the general way weather changes in your area and the frequency. Pay attention to the actual weather conditions and what appears to be the root cause of them. Be aware that weather changes are most frequent in the spring and fall, with spring being the most volatile. Most major weather changes are based on the formation and movements of cold and warm fronts and their associated barometric pressure highs and lows. Low pressure is normally generated by a zone of rapidly rising hot air.