But it also means that no concept is primitive and basic. Every concept is built up of related concepts. Every concept has meaning only within a specific context of other concepts. And so the very attempt to arrive at primitive ideas, or axioms, from which other ideas can be derived, is doomed to failure. Nagarjuna was very fond at applying recursive logic.
Recursion is the name given to using the output of an operation as input to the same operation.
Now we saw above that nothing is simple, because everything is made of a multiplicity of factors. But we can now substitute any one of those parts for W, with the result that we realize that none of the apparent parts of the whole is itself a simple thing. Indeed, if we continue to process of analysis to its logical conclusion, the result is that there are no things at all, even to serve as parts of larger wholes. Each one of these predicates in their positive forms can sensibly be applied only of an existing subject. This is shown by putting all possible predicates in the negative.