Additionally what about events which cannot be seen, heard, tasted, or felt. The solution is to demand both integration within a theoretical network and consensual validation as well as some form of empirical support. We must have some mechanism whereby we can resolve disagreements of substance advanced by people of good conscience. These issues are the point of this manuscript. If we wish to construct truthful systematic knowledge, then we will have to have procedures which will assure that we get exactly that.
Observational techniques take nature the way it comes.
Sometimes it's useful knowledge that you can use to better understand things, but sometimes it's mixed with confounds which make it impossible to consume. The task of observational research is one of abstraction of commonalities. The researcher comes up with axis labels which show systematic and reliable functions. Identification of functional relationships. This tends to be describing events and measuring the capacity of the organism.