High leukocyte or reticulocyte counts are called leukocytosis or reticulocytosis, respectively. Thrombocytopenia is the term used for a low number of blood-clotting platelets, and thrombocytosis refers to a high number of platelets. Differential blood count to determine the relative proportion of blood cell types within the bloodstream. Blood coagulation variables to determine whether there are problems with clotting. Blood morphology and staining to identify abnormalities in cell shape, structure, and the condition of the cell nucleus.
Neutrophils often show nuclear and cell-based abnormalities, as well as loss of granulation.
Platelets may show giant forms that are deficient in granules. Blood chemistry to measure the type and amount of enzymes, minerals, and other substances within the blood. These tests are used to identify kidney or liver damage that may be caused by leukemic cell breakdown or by drugs used for chemotherapy. The bone marrow is sampled by a technique known as bone marrow aspiration. During this procedure, a thin hollow needle with a syringe attachment is used to suction up, or aspirate, a teaspoon-sized sample of liquid bone marrow from the back of the hip bone.