The midface is often small with a flat nasal bridge and narrow nasal passages. In infancy and childhood, middle ear infections often occur because of the small nasal passages and Eustachian tube dysfunction. If the ear infections are left untreated, hearing loss can occur. The jaw appears to be prominent. Occasionally dental crowding can occur since the jaw is small.
Respiratory problems can occur in infants and children.
A sleep study is done if these symptoms exist to determine the cause of the airway obstruction. Treatment depends on the type of obstruction. If obstructive airway obstruction is present, therapy can include tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, or tracheostomy placement. The limbs have rhizomelic shortening. Occasionally, children have these leg curvatures corrected.