Pay particular attention to p. 434-435. The perceived approaches and behaviors that a manager uses to influence others is referred to as a leadership style. This style results from philosophies about motivation, choices of decision making models, and whether the emphasis is on tasks or people in the work environment. There are those who suggest that all effective leadership should be situational- that is, the particular leadership style should be tailored to the conditions. Fiedler's Contingency Model suggests the manager should choose either task or employee focus depending on the interaction of the three variables of leader-member relations, task structure, and leader position power.
Mature people are more self-directed and able to make good decisions.
Less mature employees need more direction. Leaders face many tough decisions. They must propagate the mission of the organization, while at the same time examining the need for change. Anyone can lead when decisions are popular and things are going well. It is not so easy in hard times or when change is needed.