Erosion, salinization, acidification and loss of organic matter are the main forms of soil deterioration. This publication deals with the role of organic matter in soil productivity and the effects of various management practices on soil organic matter. Soil organic matter consists of a variety of components.
Raw plant residues, on the surface, help reduce surface wind speed and water runoff.
Removal, incorporation or burning of residues predisposes the soil to serious erosion. Aggregation is important for good soil structure, aeration, water infiltration and resistance to erosion and crusting. Organic matter in soil serves several functions. From a practical agricultural standpoint, it is important for two main reasons. Accumulated organic matter, therefore, is a storehouse of plant nutrients.