Glucosuria can occur with or without hyperglycemia. Acetoacetic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetone are ketones which can be present in the urine. Normally none are detected. Ketonuria results from increased fat metabolism or deficient carbohydrate metabolism. Small amounts of conjugated bilirubin are filtered by the kidney.
Normal dogs can have detectable bilirubin in their urine.
Bilirubin conjugates are not normally found in the urine of horses, sheep, pigs, or cats. It may be increased with hemolytic, hepatic disease and decreased with bile duct blockage, but urine urobilinogen can also be absent in normal dogs. Urine test strips do not differentiate between RBCs, hemoglobin, or myoglobin. A negative reaction for blood is normal in the urine. Urine dip sticks are most sensitive for albumin, with reduced capacity to detect globulins, Bence Jones proteins, hemoglobin, and mucoproteins.