This generally is reversed without treatment within 2-3 weeks. Severe ovarian enlargement, known as the hyperstimulation syndrome is characterized by sudden enlargement of the ovary and an accumulation of fluid in the abdomen. This fluid can also accumulate around the lungs and may cause breathing difficulties. If the ovary ruptures, blood can accumulate in the abdominal cavity, as well. The fluid imbalance can also affect blood clotting and, in rare cases, could be life-threatening.
Treatment consists of bed rest and careful monitoring of fluid levels.
The two most commonly used techniques are serum estrogen levels and ultrasound. In addition, monitoring estrogen levels helps to prevent hyperstimulation. Ultrasound, a technique which allows physicians to actually see the ovaries, helps to determine the number of follicles which are developing. This monitoring may take the form of serum estrogen levels and ultrasound examinations. Despite careful monitoring, multiple gestations cannot be altogether avoided.