Cesar tackles his study in part one by looking at the movement as a sociologist. In part two, Shaull offers theological reflection. Though neither the title nor the subtitle makes this clear, this is a study of Brazilian Pentecostalism. By the authors' estimation, Brazilian Pentecostals number somewhere between 15 and 20 million, which is 10 to 20 percent of the overall population. Given the incredible growth of such a movement, the Brazilian religious scene makes for an interesting case study.
Pentecostals are still poor, but they somehow no longer live in a culture of poverty.
Pentecostalism is a religion of the disinherited in Brazil. The answers lie not in careful budgeting, nor in discovering some disciplined Protestant work ethic. These people are poor before they join Pentecostal churches, and they are poor afterward. In fact, the church's activities almost seem counterproductive. To many that seems like a foregone conclusion, given the movement's emphasis on charismatic experiences, intense religiosity, and ascetic tendencies.