Most of the citrus oils are extracted by this method, for instance lemon and bergamot. The remaining residue is known as a concrete and is usually solid in form. A further process of solvent extraction using ethanol yields an absolute . Clary sage absolute is a semi-solid. When the base material is organic but dead, the extraction yields a resinoid .
Resinoids range from liquids to solids.
When the resinoid is sufficiently volatile, it may be steam distilled into an essential oil. Benzoin is so viscous that this is not possible and the oil is simply a resinoid that has been dissolved in a suitable liquid. Once a principal method of extraction from flowers, this method is virtually obsolete today. The fat becomes saturated with the aromatic oils which can then be dissolved out with alcohol. The fragrance-saturated fat is known as a pomade .