Opiates Post civil and vietnam wars have produced opiate epidemics. These are usually injected I.V. to get the rush of pleasure often described as organsmic. Most users go for years before becoming physically dependent as one needs 3-4 doses per day to develop and stay dependent. Treatment - Methadone withdrawal and maintenance. Clonidine an A2 agonist reduces catechol secretion and helps emeliorate withdrawal.
Recidivism rate is very high.
Alcohol is our societies most abused drug and has tremendous costs in health, work, birth defects, accidents etc. Exposure limit in air is 200 ppm. Ethylene Glycol Toxicity Leathal dose about 100g. Treat other symptoms as in dialysis, control convulsions etc. Isopropyl Alcohol Toxicity Fatal does around 250 ml.