The pattern used by Maersk requires a total control over terminal operations and a clockwork vessel scheduling. In the globalisation race, all lines are compelled to serve all ports. All ports will not be served in the same way. Reference is made here to Black Sea, East Med and North Africa. All these markets are fragmented.
Ports are still underdeveloped and sometimes very expensive.
Many of the ports require geared vessels. Others can even still not handle 40'. Direct calls cannot be justified yet and will not be in the near future. These markets can only be served by transhipment with either common or dedicated feeders. As a result lines still receive premiums on freight rates for their service.