Glucagon can be used for refractory hypotension. Patients may need to be intubated early to treat hypoxaemia. This may be difficult or almost impossible once laryngeal oedema has occurred. Treatment may need to be continued until all vital signs have returned to normal. This may continue for several days.
Prognosis is generally good but most fatalities occur within the first hour.
In most patients recovery is usually complete. However patients experiencing myocardial infarction or brain damage may have significant residual morbidity. Subcutaneously Repeat every 5-20 min. Over 20 min.