The epididymis is a small organ attached to the testicle and is important in sperm production. The prostate is a gland at the base of the penis that produces nutrients for sperm. The anus and rectum may also be infected through anal intercourse. Many men and women infected with chlamydia have no symptoms. Chlamydial infection of the epididymis is called epididymitis and causes pain in the testicle.
Prostate infection is called prostatitis and can be more subtle.
Sudden, severe infections of the prostate or epididymis can develop and may cause fever or other symptoms of illness. Such infections require prompt medical attention. The diagnosis of a chlamydial infection in the urethra is usually confirmed by testing a sample of fluid from the opening of the urethra. A slim swab is inserted into the tip of the urethra, just at the opening. The anus may also be swabbed and tested for chlamydia.