You may also be given electrodiagnostic studies that measure the speed at which the median nerve carries electrical signals in order to confirm or rule out the diagnosis. Just as extensive media coverage has led many people to falsely assume that all hand pain is due to carpal tunnel syndrome, so has it led to the belief that most cases of carpal tunnel syndrome are due to repetitive hand movements. In fact, the cause of most cases of carpal tunnel syndrome cannot be pinpointed. It is known, however, that CTS may sometimes be associated with arthritis, broken or dislocated wrist bones, diabetes, hypothyroidism, or the hormonal changes that accompany pregnancy or menopause. Cortisone injections into the carpal tunnel may also be used to reduce swelling and eliminate discomfort.
Some people use braces or splints to stabilize the wrist.
And, for many, a rehabilitation program supervised by a physical or occupational therapist is a key component to speed recovery. If conservative measures don't relieve symptoms, surgery by an orthopaedic surgeon may be called for. Surgery will be needed if the orthopaedist's examination reveals that the muscles at the base of the thumb have become weakened due to longstanding compression of the median nerve. Muscle weakness sometimes occurs without any symptoms, but tell-tale clues can include clumsiness when handling objects or hand fatigue that sets in soon after the start of common activities such as writing. The procedure is usually performed on an outpatient basis and does not require an overnight stay in the hospital.