Hemophiliacs lacking the normal Factor VIII are said to have Hemophilia A, the most common form. Normal Factor VIII can be supplied at a high dollar and health risk cost, although the development of biotechnologically engineered Factor VIII produced by bacteria lessens the health risk. England's Queen Victoria was a carrier for this disease. The allele was passed to two of her daughters and one son. Images from W.H. Freeman and Sinauer Associates, used by permission.
Muscular dystrophy is a term encompassing a variety of muscle wasting diseases.
DMD is an X-linked recessive occurring in 1 in 3500 newborns. Most sufferers die before their 20th birthday. The lack of dystrophin is accompanied with a condition of muscle hardening known as fibrosis, which restricts blood supply to the muscle which then die. The probe hybridized in normal hemoglobin with two fragments 7000 or 7600 nucleotides long. Sickle-cell hemoglobin had hybridization with a 13,000 nucleotide single sequence.