In this subversive potential lies the most fundamental justification for the legal establishment of wilderness reserves. The Responsive Community . I conclude that any feminist theory and any environmental ethic which fails to take seriously the interconnected dominations of women and nature is simply inadequate. Environmental Ethics , v15, n1, p61. Concentrating on the views of Christopher Stone, who advocates moral pluralism, and J. Baird Callicott, who criticizes Stone's views, I argue that the debate has been confused by a conflation of three different positions, here called minimal, moderate, and extreme moral pluralism.
Minimal pluralism is uncontroversial because all known moral theories are minimally pluralistic.
Extreme pluralism is defective in the ways that Callicott alleges and, moreover, is inconsistent with integrity in the moral life. However, moderate pluralism of the sort that I advance in Environmental Justice is distinct from extreme pluralism and free of its defects. It is also consistent with Callicott's version of Aldo Leopold's land ethic, which is itself moderately pluralistic. Sex and the Single Planet . Why Women of Color Can't Talk About Population .