Bacteria are tough they occur everywhere on earth and have even been found over a mile down into the core of the earth. Bacteria can be classified into five functional groups. They are the primary producers. Decomposers consume soil organic matter, plant litter, and simple carbon compounds, releasing the nutrients in these substances for use by living plants. Mutualists, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, form associations with plants and help them absorb nutrients.
Pathogens are the bad guys they cause disease in plants.
Bacteria are common throughout the soil, but tend to be most abundant in or adjacent to plant roots, an important food source. Actinomycetes are a broad group of bacteria that form thread-like filaments in the soil. They are responsible for the distinctive scent of freshly exposed, moist soil. Why They Are Important Bacteria are important in the carbon cycle. Bacteria are important decomposers in grassland environments.