Habitat Their preferred habitat is semi-desert, thorn scrub, savannah, woodland, gallery and rain forest up to 4500m. They feed on grass, seeds, young leaves, fruits, tubers, cereals, invertebrates, young birds and small mammals. There is a rigid dominance hierarchy, with females leading the troop. The males change troops every few years. They often sleep on cliffs to avoid nocturnal predators, such as leopards.
Olive baboons are active during the day and spend most of their time on the ground.
After a gestation period of 180 days, females give birth to one infant.