You've completed the first section of the Programmed Instruction Course. Protocols let us perform operations on other computers over a network. Many protocols can be in use at once. Protocols should be as specific to one task as possible. Standard Standards are protocols that everyone has agreed upon.
Standard organizations exist to develop, discuss and enhance protocols.
Protocol Layering Protocols are usually organized by layering them atop one another. Protocol layers should have specific, well-defined functions. The DoD Model was developed for the Internet. The core Internet protocols adhere to the DoD Model. Encapsulation Encapsulation happens when one protocol's message is embedded into another protocol's message.