Pavement markings and signs warning pedestrians to watch for turning vehicles while crossing at intersections heighten awareness and reduce collisions, a 1996 IIHS study shows. Other IIHS research found that moving painted stop lines farther back from crosswalks than the standard 4 feet resulted in many drivers coming to an earlier stop. These include road humps, roundabouts, increasing the number of stop signs, and narrowing roads. One-way streets can also decrease pedestrian crashes. Meanwhile, a 1997 IIHS study also showed that traffic signals allowing pedestrians a 3-second head start at intersections before confronting oncoming cars reduced pedestrian crashes.
Research also suggests limiting right turns on red at busy intersections.
A Federal Highway Administration report shows areas without sidewalks are more than twice as risky for pedestrians as areas with sidewalks. While many suburban neighborhoods were built without sidewalks, adding them to existing or new developments will enhance pedestrian safety. Stricter enforcement of drivers who speed and ignore red lights on residential streets and school zones should make it safer for pedestrians.