The normal chemical and electrical functions of nerve cells increase to compensate for the inhibitory effects of alcohol exposure. Furthermore, the increased nerve activity may make them crave alcohol. The brain cells in various centers die, thereby reducing the total brain mass. Stomach and intestinal ulcers can form because the constant alcohol use irritates and degrades the linings of these organs. Blood pressure increases as the heart compensates for the initially reduced blood pressure caused by alcohol.
Poor nutrition decreases levels of iron and vitamin B , leading to anemia .
Finally, alcohol abuse and dependence cause emotional and social problems. Because alcohol affects emotional centers in the limbic system, alcoholics can become anxious, depressed and even suicidal. The emotional and physical effects of alcohol can contribute to marital and family problems, including domestic violence, as well as work-related problems, such as excessive absences and poor performance. While alcoholism has devastating effects on a person's health and social environment, there are medical and psychological ways to treat the problem. See the Links section for more information.