Some of these areas are not found in smaller, general aviation aircraft, but pilots of those aircraft can get an idea of how extensive a visual examination has to be. Anti-icing fluids may not reach areas under leading edge slats and portions of trailing edge flaps. Without a protective film of anti-icing fluid, these areas may be exposed to icing during precipitation or high relative humidity when taxiing, waiting for takeoff, or when in a takeoff configuration. If not discovered and removed, residual ice can then affect aircraft performance and handling characteristics on takeoff after turnaround. During ground operations, propellers and other rotating components are exposed to icing-forming conditions similar to those in forward flight.
Some aircraft require operation of inflight ice protection equipment when operating on the ground.
Such changes in lift and draft can greatly increase stall speed, reduce controllability, and can even alter flight handling characteristics. As the frozen contamination gets thicker and rougher, the adverse effects also increase, and, in addition to the stated effects on lift, drag, stall speed, and performance, the aircraft's inherent stability and control can be lost. Without warning, the aircraft can depart from the commanded flight path. Consequently, it is essential that the pilot not attempt takeoff unless the PIC has made certain these critical surfaces and components are free of frozen contaminants. Snow, frost, slush, and other ice formations can cause undesirable air flow disturbances or can restrict air and fluid vents.