Sand, gravel and stone are extracted both at sea and on land, and production, mainly stemming from Ice Age deposits, is primarily used for cement and concrete products, road and bridge construction, landfills, coastal defences and harbour construction. Clay is extracted in particular in southern Jutland and Funen for the manufacture of red and yellow-fired bricks and other brick products. Limestone and chalk are extracted especially in Himmerland, Thy and Zealand. They are used for the production of cement, by heavy goods manufacturers for ground chalk and for various other purposes, e.g. as filler in the manufacture of paper. Denmark has a comprehensive export of both cement and chalk products.
Salt is found in considerable quantities in the deep underground.
The heavy minerals ilmenite, rutile and zircon have been identified in Miocene strata in Jutland and in the sand on the shores of many Danish coastal stretches. These minerals can be used to manufacture e.g. pigments, strong light metals and advanced technical ceramics. Glauconite, which is used among other things for ion exchange and water purification, has been identified in large concentrations in Zealand and Jutland. Ground water can be extracted almost everywhere in the country from sand and chalk strata.