Crossing over occurrs at this point. Spindle apparatus forms. Second meiotic division follows. Nuclear membrane forms and chromosomes elongate. Round seeds dominant to wrinkled seeds.
Phenotypes are the observed physical structure.
Genotype is the genetic composition. An Allele is one version of a gene. Some genes are neither dominant nor recessive and the heterozygote is a third phenotype. So all possible combinations of round or wrinkled and yellow or green seeds were observed in predictable ratios. Males have an X and a Y, females have two X's.