Scottish and Welsh politicians claim that their people's sense of self determination has always persisted alongside their loyalty to the Crown. Indeed, Scotland has maintained its own education and legal system. Some devolution has already taken place, occurring as a lengthy process over many years. Both the Scottish and Welsh Offices have more diverse administrative powers today than was intended when they were established, in 1885 and 1964 respectively. Originally responsible for limited areas like transportation, water, and local government, they now have most domestic areas, including education and healthcare under their mandate.
Many observers believe the time is right for empowering the regions.
Decentralization is a wider trend going on in Europe. Both Italy and Spain serve as compelling examples of how regional governments can take a more active part in the affairs of the European Union without jeopardizing the national stability of their countries. For Ireland, the decision to accept devolution also represents an overwhelming vote for peace. The specifics for Ireland's brand of devolved powers are set down in the historic Good Friday Agreement, signed in April 1998 and accepted by popular referendum the following month. Ireland has been governed by Direct Rule under Westminster since 1974, when the most recent attempt at self-rule failed.