Enlargement of the affected joints may be very painful initially. Changes in appearance of hands can occur such as spindle shaped finger or hands turning out away from the body. All joints can become involved such as the hips, knees, wrists, elbows, shoulders, and the jaw. The treatment goals are to reduce pain, minimize stiffness and swelling, maintain mobility, and prevent physical deformities. Both physical and emotional rest are also important aspects of care.
Physical rest reduces joint stress and helps relieve pain.
Although rest is essential, therapeutic exercises are important in maintaining joint motion and muscle strength. Hot and cold packs can help relieve discomfort. Proper posture, positioning, body mechanics, and the use of supportive shoes can provide futher comfort. Salicylates, such as aspirin and non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Ibuprofen are often selected as the first medication of choice. The dose required for treatment is within a range that reduces inflammation.