The following guide is designed to help you identify the 20 breeding species of owls that can be found in the United States and Canada. However, during winter, some species may be observed almost any time and in a variety of habitats because they are in search of food. Because most owls are active in times of low light or complete darkness, they have evolved a low- frequency vocal repertoire as a means of communication. Familiarity with these primary songs can greatly facilitate owl identifications. Owls have evolved several important adaptations to help them cope with their lifestyles.
Owls usually vocalize at a low frequency.
These sound waves carry long distances and are not absorded by barriers such as vegetation as quickly as high-frequency vocalizations. The photos and accompanying text are designed to help you identify North American owls and provide some basic life history. In North America, female owls are larger than males, with the exception of the Burrowing owl. Determine if the owl has tufts or is round-headed. Note the eye and bill color.