Process control is also quite simple since only standard arc voltages, currents and wire feed rates require attention. Deposits are relatively smooth, but are susceptible to roughness and poor tie-in between the weld beads. The most severe limitation of the open arc welding process is its inability to produce chemical compositions acceptable for maximum wear resistance in the first layer. This inadequacy can be traced back to a combination of wire fabrication and process variables. The fabricated tube consists of a hole that will accept only a certain amount of alloy.
Second layers are also subject to the effects of dilution but to a lesser extent.
This is sufficient for acceptable wear. From the data above, it becomes apparent that the Sub Arc deposits are superior in wear resistance to Open Arc deposits. Submerged Arc Welding is accomplished through the use of a solid or cored wire and added flux. The arc melts both the wire and the flux and forms a weld bead and an easily removable slag covering. Fusion Bond Welding is also a submerged arc process but with the addition of alloy powder.