No additional data found. For nesting, prefers brush or trees for nest concealment, not too far from a pond, lake, or slow-moving stream. Yearlong, mostly diurnal activity. Except for a small nonbreeding summer contingent, the California wintering population migrates to breeding grounds in northern Canada and Alaska, and is absent from late May to early September. No information found.
Pairs typically form on wintering grounds.
Monogamous, solitary nester. Clutch size reportedly is about 7, ranging from 5-9. Incubation period unknown. Precocial young are tended by the female only, and may be deserted before attaining flight. Age at first flight is unknown.