The proteins and complex sugars of the bacteria which do not cause disease stimulate the immune system to make antibodies which are able to kill meningococci. Penicillin kills meningococcal bacteria that have invaded the body. Early recognition of meningococcal infection and prompt treatment with penicillin greatly improves chances of survival. A close contact is someone who is likely to have had direct contact with saliva or mucous from the nose or throat of an infected person. Close contacts of a case of meningococcal disease may be given an antibiotic to protect them against getting infected.
Rifampin is taken by mouth twice a day for two days.
Rifampin can cause urine, saliva, and tears to turn a reddish-orange color. Contact lenses should not be worn while taking rifampin. This drug can also make birth control pills less effective. Pregnant women, breast-feeding mothers, and those with jaundice or liver disease should not take rifampin. Ciprofloxacin is given by mouth as a single dose.