The joint irritation that causes arthritis can occur for many reasons. Often the lining of the joint, the synovium, becomes inflamed . It reacts by producing extra synovial fluid , resulting in a swollen joint. The smooth white surface of the joint, the hyaline cartilage, can become thin, worn, and rough. Any joint in the body can be affected by one or another form of arthritis.
Symptoms vary according to the type and severity of the arthritis.
Trauma to the joints should be avoided as much as possible. If there is an injury or infection, it should be treated promptly. For example, a severe ankle sprain that is not properly splinted may lead to osteoarthritis. Diagnosis of arthritis starts with a medical history and physical examination. Joint X-rays may be normal at first, perhaps showing some swelling.