One hypothesis is that periodontal disease can release bacteria and bacteria-produced toxins into the bloodstream. These toxins may then interfere with fetal development. Periodontitis also causes an inflammatory reaction at the site of the disease. Perhaps these inflammatory chemicals, produced by the mother's body, can stimulate cervix dilation and uterine contractions. The studies which have been conducted as of June 1997 are purely preliminary.
More research certainly needs to be done to establish a cause and effect relationship.
At this time, the relationship between gum disease and premature births, heart disease, and diabetes is only a correlation. There is no proof of a definite cause and effect. Remember that correlation does not necessarily mean causation. Watch this if baby's meals end with thrown food. Learn about a potentially lifesaving new vaccine.