The stoma is temporary. As soon as the skin around the stoma heals, the tracheostomy tube is removed. The voice may change after partial laryngectomy . The top of the lungs actually enter the neck and the lining of the lung can be injured during a neck dissection resulting in a collapsed lung requiring a tube in the chest for a short time to reinflate the lung. All of these risks occur in just a small minority of cases but must be understood by the patient before agreeing to undergo a neck dissection.
Most side effects are temporary and can often be relieved with medication.