A complete history and physical examination are performed to note any fibrotic changes in the skin, lungs, heart, or esophagus. The skin is biopsied to identify cellular changes specific to scleroderma. The presence of antinuclear antibodies indicates a connective tissue disorder. Like other autoimmune diseases, researchers have not found a cause for scleroderma. Capillaries retreat in these areas and represent a sign of the disease.
Treatment is dependent on the clinical manifestations associated with the sub-group classification.
All patients require personal counseling in which individual realistic goals are determined. Supportive measures include decreasing pain and limiting disability. A moderate exercise program is encouraged to promote joint involvement. Patients are advised to avoid extremes in temperature and to use lotions to minimize excessive skin dryness. Sudarth 6th Edition Chapter 47 pp.