Functional groups are clusters of atoms with characteristic structure and functions. Each small organic molecule can be a unit of a large organic molecule called a macromolecule. Polymers are the large macromolecules composed of three to millions of monomer subunits. Cellular enzymes carry out condensation and hydrolysis of polymers. This produces the water given off during a condensation reaction.
Monosaccharides are simple sugars with a carbon backbone of three to seven carbon atoms.
Fructose is commonly found in fruit. Disaccharides contain two monosaccharides joined by condensation. Sucrose is composed of glucose and fructose and is transported within plants. Lactose is composed of galactose and glucose and is found in milk. Starch is straight chain of glucose molecules with few side branches.