45 degree angles achieve torsional rigidity. Most of the shaft s material cost is found in these two flags. These bias flags are more costly and higher in modulus for torque control across the short lateral axis of the shaft.
Modulus refers to carbon fiber s ability to resist stretching.
Most flags are oriented at zero degrees, or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. The long flag determines the shaft s flex. The carbon fiber material thickness, modulus, and flag pattern can be varied to achieve different flexes. Finally, short flags are added to reinforce the tip and to control the balance point. The bias and zero flags are wrapped around a tapered steel mandrel specifically designed for each shaft model.