The native population began to dwindle after the Spanish explorers arrived in the early 1500s. In 1964, the same year the Wilderness Act was passed, more than 18,500 acres were set aside as Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge, a migratory bird habitat. About one-fourth of the refuge is timbered swamps. You'll find very little evidence of human domination in this country of freshwater marshes, lakes, and streams, just plenty of wildlife. Ducks account for more than half of the migratory birds.
Ospreys likewise abound, and no other refuge echoes more often with the weird cries of the limpkin.
Black bears, armadillos, otters, and unusually long alligators are commonly sighted. In May and June, manatees move into the refuge and nearby Blue Springs. The bulk of the visitors to the refuge come to fish for bass, bream, and crappie. Approximately 1,000 acres of Wilderness have been established along the western refuge boundary between Honey Creek and the Saint Johns River, and the Alexander Springs Wilderness lies just across the river. With neither road nor trail, the Wilderness receives few human visitors, aside from those who boat along the borders.