Hydrocarbon toxicity has various CNS effects. Initial effects are similar to the disinhibition seen with alcohol intoxication. Narcotic-like depression may be seen as well. As is the case with alcohol and narcotics, a state of euphoria may develop. Eventually, lethargy, headache, obtundation and coma may follow.
Seizures are uncommon but are thought to be the result of hypoxia.
Cardiac Dysrhythmias are a major concern. Etiologies include hypoxia, myocardial sensitization to catecholamines and direct myocardial damage. Sudden death has been reported as a result of coronary vasospasm due to hydrocarbon inhalation. Other Hydrocarbons have been reported to cause bone marrow toxicity and hemolysis. Chlorinated hydrocarbons may cause hepatic and renal failure, while toluene toxicity may lead to renal tubular acidosis.