Oral bacteria enter the bloodstream via small ulcers that develop in the gum tissue of persons with periodontal disease. Moreover, a study of 320 U.S. veterans, published in the March 1998 issue of the Journal of the American Dental Association, found that oral health factors were strongly associated with heart disease, with increased risk comparable to the traditional risk factors of serum cholesterol levels and smoking. Based on data from this preliminary study, the researchers said nearly 20 percent of preterm deliveries may be attributable to periodontal disease, although the mechanism is poorly understood at this time. While studies have not yet been conducted to demonstrate that treatment of periodontal disease reduces the incidence or severity of these other health conditions, the mounting evidence suggesting linkages with potentially serious medical disorders has caused a growing number of health care providers to take note. This is especially the case with coronary heart disease.
Periodontal disease is a chronic condition that becomes progressively more severe without treatment.
Over time, the gum tissue begins to break down and separates from the teeth, creating pockets that permit bacteria to accumulate below the gumline. The growth of those bacteria and the ensuing inflammatory response, as the patient's immune system attempts to kill them, ultimately destroy the bone and periodontal ligament holding the teeth, resulting in tooth loss. Fortunately, for most patients periodontal disease today can be successfully controlled with appropriate initial treatment, continuing visits to the dentist for maintenance therapy and conscientious home care to prevent flare-ups and further deterioration. Dental disease and risk of coronary heart disease and mortality. Genco R, et al.