Evolution, biology, and management of cervids. Topics include differences in nutritive ecology, bioenergetics, reproduction and growth, use of habitats, and research methodologies. Emphasis on North American species of caribou, elk, moose, and deer. Detailed examination of distribution, behavior, population dynamics, and management of waterfowl and upland game birds. Spacing competition, cooperation, and grouping of wild vertebrates are described and analyzed as adaptive products of their evolutionary history and ecology.
Minimal consideration is given to humans and other primates.
Offered in alternate years. Basic theories underlying the functional and evolutionary significance of behavior, and the role of ecological constraints. Supporting empirical evidence taken mainly from studies of wild vertebrates. Offered in alternate years. Ecological approaches to managing wild vertebrates that cause problems for agriculture, public health, or conservation of biodiversity.