Composition can be broken down into these four categories, line shape space tone or color By using these elements correctly, this provides you with a great looking photograph. Real lines are physical, such as the edges of a building or a tree the subject could be standing next to. Implied lines are non-physical, such as the subjects gaze or a direction they are pointing in. While you are surveying the subject, make sure you are centering the subject in the camera viewfinder. Use the real lines to help you center the subject in the picture.
Many different shapes provide variety and a balanced photograph.
Center your subject in the viewfinder and include space for the necessary shapes around the subject. Extra, open space should never occupy more then a third of the photo. The flash on a camera provides artificial light. If you are outdoors, stand with the sun to the side of your subject, this eliminates your subject from squinting. If shadows are a problem, when you take the picture, remember to use the flash fill-in option on your camera to eliminate those shadows.