They have a characteristic structure, including a growing tip, or root apex, which does not produce leaves but is surrounded by a cap of cells, the root cap. They also have a characteristic internal structure.
Roots have several functions.
They anchor a plant to a site, absorb water and nutrients from the soil, store nutrients, and support bacteria or fungal hyphae, which work with the root to the benefit of both organisms. Root Systems Roots are formed in two ways during the development of the plant. They are the first root structures formed. At the bottom of a corn plant, for example, are a number of these adventitious roots growing out of, and acting as a prop for, the stem. They often have functions other than absorption.