These individuals may then be treated with thyroxine replacement. Individuals with other autoimmune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, vitiligo, myasthenia gravis, IDDM, etc. are more likely to also develop thyroid autoimmunity. Cortisol has many functions, but the most significant are to control immune inflammatory reactions, balance insulin effects, assist in the maintainance of blood pressure and cardiovascular function, and modification of general metabolism. The adrenal also produces aldosterone, which helps maintain blood pressure and acts on the kidney to promote water and salt balance. Symptoms may include weight loss, salt craving, fatigue, muscle weakness, hyperpigmentation and low blood pressure.
Treatment is usually by oral cortisol replacement.
IDDM often, but not always, develops in children and young adults. Symptoms include increased thirst and urination, blurred vision, constant hunger, weight loss and tiredness. IDDM is diagnosed by measurement of abnormally elevated fasting glucose. Tests for antibody to pancreatic beta cells are not well correlated with disease progression and thus are not standardly used in diagnosis. IDDM is treated with insulin replacement and glucose monitoring.