A combustion reaction or process that does not convert all of the fuel's carbon and hydrogen into carbon dioxide and water, respectively. For example, incomplete combustion of carbon produces carbon monoxide. An atom with less than eight electrons in its valence shell. An atom with less than eight total bonding and nonbonding electrons in a Lewis structure, for example, B in BH 3 has an incomplete octet. Ideal gases have molecules with negligible size, and the average molar kinetic energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature.
Most gases behave ideally at sufficiently low pressures.
Ideal solutions obey Raoult's law exactly. Real solutions behave ideally only when they are very dilute. Compare with dependent variable . An independent variable that can be set to a known value in an experiment. Several independent variables may be controlled in an experiment.