OSHA categorizes it as a mutagen, and certain studies indicate it has cancer -causing potential. The market is in need of effective and safe replacements for hydroquinone. Vitamin E Vitamin E is well known for its antioxidant effects. There is also evidence that it has other beneficial activities that are related to an effect on prostaglandin synthesis. The outer layer of the skin is very susceptible to UV radiation induced depletion of vitamin E. Many scientific studies conducted in animals have shown that topical application of vitamin E reduces responses to UV radiation such as redness , swelling, lipid peroxidation, DNA changes and impaired immune function, as well as wrinkling .
Vitamin E appears to be more effective than vitamin E esters.
A limited number of studies have shown protection from UV radiation by vitamin E in humans. Although several animal studies have suggested topical vitamin C is protective against UV radiation, limited information in humans indicates it provides poor protection. Further research into its benefits as a topical agent is needed. It acts as an antioxidant and free radical scavenger. There is evidence that Kinerase's active ingredient kinetin can influence cell growth and maturation in plant and non-plant tissues, and may slow the aging process.