Please title this page. The hapless plow-boy then buck jumps and hops his way through a grotesque imitation of Fred Astaire. While this is certainly not the way most people would suggest training a human to do anything, that's exactly how most dogs are trained to do everything. The process of teaching a behavior by getting a critter to avoid something is called aversive control. There are two types of aversive control, punishment and negative reinforcement.
Punishment causes behavior to decrease, while negative reinforcement causes behavior to increase.
The more technical scientific definitions of these terms are pretty confusing, but these simple descriptions are good enough for most situations. Punishment is something we are all familiar with, but few people really understand how punishment works. For example, imagine that your dog Fido chews a couch cushion while you are away from home. If this looks like a good example of punishment, think again. By definition, punishment causes behavior to decrease.