Such pain has been linked to a decrease in expected lifespan. Nonmalignant pain does not reduce life expectancy. Chronic, nonmalignant pain includes such conditions as arthritis, skin ulcerations, tension headaches, and poststroke pain. It also includes painful disorders with a psychological basis, such as hysterical reactions, and pain originating from an indeterminate pathophysiology, including recurrent migraine headaches and vasculopathic pain syndromes. Physiologic pain is divided into nociceptive and neuropathic pain.
Neuropathic pain is derived from an injury to the peripheral or central nervous system.
There are several possible causes of neuropathic pain. Excessive heat or cold can damage a peripheral afferent nerve fiber, leading to conditions such as frostbite. Diabetes in its more severe forms is associated with considerable neuropathic pain. This kind of pain is often described as burning, tingling, or electric. Sections J2 and J3 of this form directly address pain, requiring the facility to record the frequency and intensity of the signs and symptoms of pain.