Back off from the trunk about an eighth of an inch to miss cutting into the branch collar. Wound dressing may be applied for cosmetic purposes. Changes in normal drainage patterns may cause localized flooding or alter the water table. Avoid planting trees in low lying sites or at least plant a species that is adapted to such conditions. Also, try not to alter normal drainage patterns in any way.
Soil compaction is one of the most serious and perhaps easiest problems to control.
Heavy machine or foot traffic compacts the soil. This, in turn, decreases oxygen and the water absorption capacity of the soil. It may also allow the build up of other toxic gases in the soil. Barriers or corridors can channel heavy traffic areas. This minimizes damage.