These specialties each require a three year residency. Demand for internists and family physicians is increasing and residencies are relatively abundant, but demand for pediatrics is decreasing and residencies are somewhat more competitive. Surgical Specialties General surgeons diagnose and treat diseases and injuries to abdominal organs and soft tissues of the neck and trunk, while orthopaedic surgeons diagnose and treat diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system. They average 60 hour work weeks and are often on-call, but their earnings are among the highest for any profession. Although some areas are underserved, there is an oversupply of surgeons.
Residencies are scarce, and competition for placement is intense.
For those who get a surgery residency, initial training lasts five years. Many orthopaedic surgeons further specialize in areas such as musculoskeletal oncology, orthopaedic sports medicine, pediatric orthopaedics, orthopaedic trauma, reconstructive orthopaedics or surgery of the spine.