They apply their knowledge to statistics and probability. Students understand the concept of and how to calculate the range, mean, median, and mode of data sets. They analyze data and sampling processes for possible bias and misleading conclusions, and they use addition and multiplication of fractions routinely to calculate probabilities for compound events.
Students know about p and the formulas for the circumference and area of a circle.
They use letters for numbers in formulas involving geometric shapes and in representing an unknown part of a ratio. They solve one-step linear equations. They solve problems involving fractions, ratios, proportions, and percentages. Use cross-multiplication as a method for solving such problems, understanding it as multiplication of both sides of an equation by a multiplicative inverse. Know the formula for the circumference and area of a circle.