Learning difficulties are always present and are usually severe with very limited language development and sometimes little social development. Abnormal eye movements, concern about abnormal vision or other eye abnormalities may be noticed early on. This shows multiple abnormalities of the retina. These are called Lacunae and are due to abnormal development of the retina. This is very specific to AS and is not thought to occur in any other condition.
Vision is usually impaired but total blindness is very uncommon.
The long term outlook for children with AS is unfortunately poor, with persisting seizures and severe learning difficulties. Only some children with AS are able to walk. There is reduced life expectancy in AS, related to the severe seizures, physical handicap and chest infection. Survival into adolescence and early adulthood is possible however. The management involves control of seizures with drugs and the management and support that are necessary for a child with multiple disabilities.