Rainfall and edaphic factors were used to help interpret measures of seedling emergence, survival, and growth. Weed control for reduction of moisture stress was the most important factor examined. Limited data suggests the differential in survival remains consistent over time as overall survival declines. In this study, fertilizer was not beneficial and contributed to mortality of both species. With few exceptions, the addition of screen protection to discourage predation significantly enhances survival and growth.
Shade provided by window screen cages is suspected of making an unmeasured positive contribution.
Little interaction between weed control and protection was demonstrated. The Regents of the University of California. University of California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program, UC Berkeley. For questions and comments, contact webmaster .