It is being studied for its potential to reduce the production of testosterone in men and estrogen in women. Testosterone stimulates the growth of most prostate cancers. Estrogen worsens the symptoms of endometriosis, which is not a cancer, but a painful gynecologic condition resulting from abnormal growth of the lining of the uterus. Phase 3 trials in patients with hormonally-responsive prostate cancer have been completed. A second formulation is being evaluated in a phase 2 trial in patients with endometriosis.
Pegylated proteins have an increased plasma half-life.
Mucositis is a condition in which the lining membrane of the mouth, throat or gastrointestinal tract is damaged by some forms of cancer treatment. Darbepoetin alfa is an erythropoiesis stimulating protein being explored for its potential to stimulate the production of red blood cells. Phase 2 clinical trials are underway in the oncology setting in the United States, Europe, Canada and Australia. Anakinra is a recombinant anti-inflammatory protein being studied to determine its safety and efficacy in treating patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The potential of anakinra to slow bone and cartilage destruction and reduce inflammation suggests this molecule may provide a meaningful benefit to patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis.