A common symptom is yellowing of lower leaves, stunting, and dark green rugose new leaves. Control suggestions are use of resistant cultivars, broadleaf weed control near fields before and after planting, high plant populations, and good growing conditions for rapid plant growth. Incidence is often higher near the field edge. Resistance could probably be developed in spinach. Early fall seeding has higher incidence than late fall or early winter seeding.
Risk is higher with low plant populations.
Prolonged summer drought may indicate greater risk. Symptoms are yellow older leaves with asymmetrical younger leaves dwarfed, crinkled, and rolled upward and inward. Control suggestions are high plant populations, broadleaf weed control near fields before and after planting and delayed fall planting dates. Incidence is nearly uniform across fields. Resistance could probably be developed in spinach.