Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's journey to the gallows really started with the signing of the Simla Agreement. Pakistan's mode of governance has taken a very heavy toll of its polity. The nation remains divided ethnically, culturally and regionally. Ethnic and linguistic colonialism sowed the seeds which split Pakistan in 1971. Successive military regimes in Pakistan including the period of political despotism of Z.A. Bhutto, were conspicuous for their lack of growth of political institutions which could find solutions to the problems plaguing Pakistan.
Power remains in the grip of an oligarchy dominated by civil and military officers.
Oligarchies by nature are non-reformists, conservatives and statusquoists. As political institutions remain weak the establishment will continue to call the shots. ISI will continue to operate unbridled. There will be no let up in the proxy war in Kashmir. A new vision on Kashmir will not come about without a generational change.