Usually an infection begins with a cold or flu-like illness. Symptoms include pain, fever, and general irritability. If an infant pulls or tugs at an ear, it may be an indication of an ear infection. Infection can cause hearing loss if left untreated. Usually a 10-day regimen of antibiotics will cure the infection.
Some children suffer from recurrent ear infections or persistent fluid in the middle ear.
Studies have found that chronic or recurrent ear infections are often related to smoking in the household or attendance at day care, where there is more exposure to viruses. Immune disorders, enlarged adenoids, and congenital abnormalities such as cleft palate may also account for recurrent ear infections. Continuous antibiotic therapy for an extended period may be prescribed. In cases involving persistent ear fluid, a pressure-equalizing tube called a tympanostomy tube inserted in the eardrum may be necessary to aerate and drain the middle ear. Insertion of the tube is a surgical procedure, requiring general anesthesia.