Let's take a look at one of the lines, and dissect what the information means. That's the two important ones. There are several other things it could be, but for simplicity's sake, we don't need to concern ourselves with that. After that there are three groups of three characters. These groups indicate the permissions of the file or directory.
Permissions determine who can read from the file or write to the file.
The second group of permission bits corresponds to the group's permissions. Each file or directory belongs to a group. Anyone who belongs to this group has these permissions for the file. The third group of permission bits corresponds to the world permissions. These are the permissions granted to everyone.