It is truly incredible how bad our understanding and implementation of project management has become. I have yet to see a complex system rollout actually accomplish the user requirements. Yet the industry places no value on project management expertise. If the tech industry looks to the computer industry for project management expertise they will be unhappily surprised. A space oddesy.
Most systems are too complex to be formally modeled.
That's easy to build, and your average MBA can manage the building. Everything else requires common sense and informal adjustments. In software, this has been a problem for decades. To avoid this problem, the project has to be organized so that middle management and staff can understand what they're building and make the necessary adjustments to the interfaces between components. I remember back in the 1970s when we were getting rid of the teams that built the ICBMs and took us to the moon.