The opposition expresses a yin-yang match up of opposing or complementary energies. The orb is the number of degrees of distance between planets in aspect to each other. For example, if Jupiter is at 5 degress of Gemini, and Saturn is at 10 degrees of Gemini, two planets are conjunct within an orb of five degrees. The closer the planets are in aspect to one another, the more profound their interaction. This aspect combines the dissimilar qualities of neighboring signs in activity generated by the planets.
Progressions show the patterns and trends in a chart for any given year.
Beginning with the day of birth, the astrologer counts forward in the Ephemeris to the proper day within the first ninety days of one's life. Each day corresponds to a year of age at the time the progression is measured. The astrologer then refers to the planetary positions on that day to see if they aspect planets or angles in the natal chart. It is the aspect of adjustment. Issues relating to the planets, and the signs and houses they are in, may need a change or adaptation.