Cultivating and hoeing should be shallow. Deep cultivation may injure plant roots and will also bring additional weed seed to the soil surface. Cultural methods should be begun early in the season before weeds become a problem. The key to effective cultural weed control is to eradicate the weeds when they are still small. Home gardeners must also be persistent.
Mulches control weeds by preventing weed seed germination.
Mulches effectively control most annual weeds. Perennial weeds, however, have to be controlled by alternate methods. Organic mulches include ground corncobs, lawn clippings, compost, straw, pine needles, wood chips, and sawdust. Synthetic or inorganic mulches include black plastic and porous landscape mats. Mulch selection is based on availability, cost, durability, appearance, and ease of application.