Some American units have rifles, allowing them to fire at units at a greater range than the remaining musket armed units, though the two Bntish artillery units have the greatest range of all. The result is cross referenced with the units strength to show how many strength points are lost by the target unit. Each unit fires individually, though a target unit may be fired on several times during a phase. All fire combat is considered to be simultaneous with losses recorded after all fire combat has been resolved. Losses are shown either by a strength marker or by a unit being flipped to its rear, showing it at half strength.
Some weaker units have only one side.
Die modifiers apply for cavalry units firing or if your target is a skirmisher or unstacked leader unit. Melee is resolved by each unit cross referencing a die roll with its unit strength. The results are again given as losses with die modifiers for Cavalry, Skirmishers, rifles and charging. The die rolls help show the strengths and weakness of both Cavalry and the Skirmish formation. To conclude the phasing players turn both players check each formation to see whether its component units have suffered enough losses in total for a morale check.