In all cases, appropriate methodologies are applied for obtaining periodic response to periodic road excitation. Next, numerical results are presented for system parameters corresponding to typical cases in the automotive engineering practice and and research trends. Response diagrams illustrate the effect of the system parameters on ride performance. Similar results are also obtained for transient road excitation, by direct integration. These results are compared to those obtained for conventional suspension systems involving passive bilinear shock absorbers.
Special consideration is given to cases of wheel hop phenomena.