Humeral mid-shafts have one bony landmark, two tendon attachments and no areas from which muscles arise. Common anterior, middle and posterior deltoid tendons attach to deltoid tuberosities halfway down lateral surfaces. Coracobrachialis tendons attach halfway down medial surfaces. Humeral distal ends have seven bony landmarks, no tendon attachments and nine areas from which muscles arise. Brachialis muscles arise from entire distal one-halves.
Pronator teres muscles arise from medial supracondylar ridges.
Flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris and slips of flexor digitorum superficialis muscles arise from medial epicondyles. Brachioradialis muscles arise from lateral supracondylar ridges. Extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis muscles arise from lateral epicondyles. Coranoid fossas lie between trochleas and capitulums. Infraspinatus tendons attach immediately behind supraspinatus tendons.