No mention should be made of chromosomes or meiosis when discussing this law. Mendel did not know about these. The law relates to meiosis in that this is the mechanism by which segregation occurs. In meiosis I, homologous pairs attach to the same spindle fiber and then are pulled to opposite ends of the cell during anaphase. I, the alleles have been segregated into separate cells.
Translation results in a protein being made.
M-rna provides the information for the primary structure of the protein to be made. This information is encoded into the codons of the m-rna. T-rna carries specific amino acids to the ribosomes. R-rna, along with protein, is used to make ribosomes. The primary purpose of the small intestine is to absorb the products of digestion.