Repeaters can extend length of the network. Frequency-division multiplexing can be used. Separate channels can support separate and independent data traffic, etc. Uses two paths, joined at the headend. In recent years, trend has been toward use of high-performance untwisted pair, especially Category 5 UTP, which supports high data rates for a small number of devices.
Optical fiber is still expensive and requires skilled personnel to install and maintain it.
Bus topology - twisted pair, baseband and broadband coaxial cable are appropriate, many products are good for it. Optical fiber until recently was not considered feasible, multipoint configuration was not cost-effective. Tree topology - can be employed with broadband coaxial cable. Unidirectional nature of broadband signaling allows the construction of a tree architecture. Structured Cabling A. Cabling Standards Standards called structured cabling systems have been issued that specify cabling types and layout for commercial buildings.