The relative importance of these discharges as vectors for the transfer of invasive species is unknown. A recent survey of ships arriving into the Chesapeake Bay indicated that the clean ballast of Navy and MSC vessels supports a range of living organisms. In contrast to clean ballast, every DoD vessel can potentially harbor non-indigenous fouling organisms. Regulating shipping activities that could lead to the transfer of aquatic organisms became a priority in the wake of the introductions of the zebra mussel and other nuisance species to the Great Lakes. Both required the DoD to implement some type of ballast management program.
Regulations addressing invasions are likely to become more restrictive.
In addition, environmental concerns will result in further limitations on the discharge of toxic compounds from ballast treatment processes or antifouling hull coatings. These opposing forces require the development of effective, less toxic methods for the removal of organisms from clean ballast, and the maintenance of hulls free of fouling. These ranges are provided only as estimates around which reasonable proposals may be developed. Proposers are encouraged to and may submit smaller proposals that offer technical or cost advantages that only address one or more portions of the statement of need. Such proposals, if successful, may be eligible for follow-on funding.