The problems are similar to those encountered in preventing the deployment of terrorist bombs. There are several reasonably effective antidotes to nerve gases. GB, GA, and VX are all organophosphates that, like their less toxic pesticide cousins, inhibit acetylcholinesterase, resulting in the accumulation of acetylcholine at the nerve synapses. Accumulation of acetylcholine results in the overstimulation of parts of the nervous system that control smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and exocrine glandular function. In general, death results from respiratory failure.
Several agents can antagonize the accumulation of acetylcholine.
It would not be possible for the general population to carry such toxic agents and to self-administer them in the event of a gas attack. In addition, nerve gas exposure could result in mental confusion, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting, and self-administration under such circumstances would be highly risky. It is unlikely that, in the event of a terrorist attack on a civilian population, emergency personnel could respond with appropriate equipment and antidotes in less than 30 minutes, even if antidotes and other materials were available in the quantities projected. In view of the complexities involved, it seems unlikely that an attack on civilian lives in a crowded public place could be prevented. However, we can act to minimize casualties which are to a degree determined by the nature of our responses and the speed with which they are put in place.