Prefers open habitat. Reproduction Biennial, occasionally an annual or short-live perennial, reproduces by seeds. Re-growth from root crowns may occur for a number of years, with only occasionally regrowth one year after seed production. Does not reproduce vegetatively. Flowers July to September and plants die after setting seed.
Plants are self compatible.
Seeds are also dispersed by vehicles, and plants frequently colonize the sides of roads. Seeds capable of germination over a wide range of conditions. Optimal temperature ranges from 7-34 C and moisture may be a limiting factor. Seeds below depths of 3 cm do not germinate. Competition Highly competitive plant, threatens to exclude more desirable species.