Various schools of philosophy have been challenging the validity of the claim of universal truth in Christianity. This paper begins with introducing the concepts of truth held by Hume, Kant, Saussure and Quine. Hume argues that truth must never be segregated from sensuous experience, which is the foundation of science. Kant stresses the power of subjectivity and claims that knowledge should be formed only by reason. Saussure rejects the eternal meaning of language, and maintains that the meaning of language is conventional.
Quine eliminates the difference between the world of metaphysics and that of science.
To him there is no difference between science and opinion. Thus, different schools of philosophy uphold different concepts of truth. This is where the spirit of pluralism lies. In response to the aforementioned, the author sets forth the views of three theologians, namely, Lindbeck, Gunton and Barth. The truth of religious claim is intra-systematic, which means, it must be coherent but it does not necessarily point to ontological truth.