The branch of science which deals with elucidating the attributes and mechanisms of heredity in living systems. The heritable information contained in an individual. Crossover with one or both exchanged chromosome fragments flipped end for end. A specific location upon the physical medium which carries heritable information at which a gene resides. Evolution at or above the species level.
Speciation events are thus examples of macroevolution.
Evolution within the species level. Change in allele frequency in a population over time. Natural selection 1. The differential reproduction and, thereby, transmission of alleles between generations, of individuals in a population, due to heritable variation in a trait or traits which they possess. Survival of the fittest.