His research attempts to answer why beetles grow disproportionate horns and why the horns are so diverse among species. Like elk, beetles grow large horns for weapons and to attract the opposite sex. Emlen proposes that the horns are a biological trade-off between the horn and any adjacent body part. That is, if the horn is growing near the eyes of the bug, then the larger the horn the smaller the eyes. The pattern occurs in both male and female beetles and is clearly illustrated in nocturnal beetles.
Nocturnal beetles have incredibly large eyes so they can see well in the dark.
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