Muscles surrounding the venom glands control the amount of venom released, as well as the flow of venom to the fangs. Rattlesnakes swallow their prey whole, then digest as the food passes though the body. Rattlesnakes in the wild eat every 2 to 3 weeks on average. Annual water intake in rattlesnakes roughly equals body weight. In drier climates, where water availability is lower, moisture is assimilated from prey.
More water is absorbed during shedding due to desiccation and evaporation.
Reproduction Crotalus atrox reaches sexual maturity at 3 years. Mating occurs in the spring following emergence from hibernation. Females are passive during courtship, while the male crawls in jerks on top of the female, all the while flicking his tongue. Vigorously jerking the hind portion of his body, he presses his tail beneath that of his partner, who in turn lifts her tail. Their cloacas make contact, and the male then inserts his hemipenis, which is deeply forked.