This is an energy gain for the planet. The solar energy reflected back to space is considered a loss of energy. This absorption, and thus energy gain, by the atmosphere is primarily accomplished by water vapor, clouds, aerosols and ozone.
Solar radiation is an energy supply for the atmosphere and the surface.
Earth's surface gains energy due to atmospheric emission of longwave energy but also loses radiant energy by emission. Some of the surface-emitted energy escapes to space and the rest is absorbed by the atmosphere. We do not observe this large cooling because energy is transferred from the surface to the atmosphere. Evaporation from oceans and lakes and sublimation from glaciers also results in a cooling of the surface. Some of the water that is evaporated into the atmosphere condenses to form clouds and precipitation, releasing latent heat.