Neutrinos barely interact with other particles and because they penetrate all other objects, they can travel from the furthest reaches of space, or the center of the Sun to Earth. This ability also makes it very difficult to observe neutrinos. They can be detected by a reverse beta reaction which rises from the collision between neutrinos and the core of such elements as chlorine, hydrogen or gallium. The project that started studies in astronomical neutrinos Neutrinos released from the massive explosion of the supernova 1987A in the Large Magellanic Clouds were found by Kamiokande, a massive tank filled with pure water that acts as a neutrino detector and is located in the Kamioka Mine in Gifu Prefecture. This discovery paved the way for studies in astronomical neutrinos.
Neutrino astronomy is a new field that studies the ways that stars develop or galaxies form.
Super Kamiokande, elementary particle observation equipment that has added 70 times the capability of detecting lights than its predecessor, has been operating since April 1996. A massive, 50,000-liter water tank located 1,000 meters below the surface of the Earth Super Kamiokande is a massive water tank about 40 meters wide and 40 meters high, capable of holding about 50,000 liters and located 1,000 meters below the Earth's surface. The tank is filled with about 11,200 sensitive photomultipliers that detect Cherenkov light emitted when neutrinos hit protons or neutrons in the water. If scientists are able to discover how to use the superb penetration of neutrinos, we may soon be able to view the insides of stars or galactic cores. Moreover, a powerful neutrino telescope operating from the atmosphere-less surface of the Moon would open new worlds for study.