Since 1995, Dr. Erv Garrison, University of Georgia marine archeologist, has been attempting to document the reef's existence above sea level. Some studies indicate that Gray's Reef may have been a site of an ancient human settlement during the last geologic time period and may hold the key to ancient culture and history along the coast. Fossils and plant life discovered in marine environments may yet give us vital clues and insight into future climate changes and sea level rise. So far radiocarbon dating has placed some Gray's Reef fossils between 8,000 to 18,000 plus years old. Fossils include mammal, bovine and antler bone fragments, marine worm burrow cast and the tooth of a Pleistocene horse.
Research is an ongoing activity in the sanctuary today.