Astrocytes are sensitive to nervous system insults, responding with changes that are dependent on the nature of the insult. For example, astrocytes form the scar tissue that follows neuronal destruction. Other functions will be discussed subsequently. Microglia are phagocytic cells that form part of the central nervous system's defense against injury and infection. Neurons are specialized cells that receive, integrate and transmit information throughout the nervous system.
Neurons come in many types and shapes.
The soma is the site of protein synthesis and gene expression. If disconnected from the soma, neuronal processes will degenerate. If the soma is destroyed, the entire neuron will degenerate. The soma is also a site where electrical signals from its dendritic processes converge and are integrated. Long processes may be referred to as fibers.