Refractory ore with a carbonaceous content is treated in the bio facility or by ammonium thiosulphate leaching. The Winnemucca operations use autoclaves to pre-treat refractory ores. Almost all the underground reserves and over half the open pit material lay within the Carlin Trend. Carlin is the original pit but Gold Quarry, which opened in 1985 and has been supplemented by the Tusc satellite pit since 1994, is the largest. Other major pits have been Genesis and Post, while Bootstrap, Beast, Lantern and Sold were opened in 1995.
Mining is conventional, using large shovels and haulers.
Underground mine development, in higher-grade ore down dip from existing open pits, started in 1994, the first two being extensions from Carlin. The Rain underground mine, which works oxide ore by longhole stoping, is an extension of the depleted Rain pit and Deep Star is an extension from Genesis. The Carlin Trend pits contributed 6.5 Mt of mill ore and 26.7 Mt of leach material. Total gold output was 2,769,700 oz in 1998. Newmont land position, Carlin, Nevada.