Removal of territorial breeding animals and, harassment, affecting reproduction patterns and rates. Hunting of prime and immature male animals thus affecting the gene pool. The congestion of M.G.R. by Elephants during the years prior to 1983, caused the destruction of the A. erioloba, A. tortilis. A. nigrescens and Hyphaene ventricosa populations of the reserve. Experience shows that some animals are simply intelligent enough to realise that their lives are being threatened.
Some animals do eventually leave an area where they are being hunted, congesting others.
Harassed and wounded animals, constitute a danger to people on foot, do not exhibit normal behaviour and do not encourage the introduction of low impact tourism. In addition, the majority of the inhabitants of Ngamiland regards an Elephant as a person and do not eat Elephant meat. Trophy hunters left approx. 70 tons surplus edible Elephant meat in the field during 1997. This amount will reciprocate with increases in the Elephant hunt quota.