Instruments used in controlling emissions. The base rate of payments for air pollution by stationary sources is first determined by the expected total pollution abatement costs. The rate charged also depends on the type of pollutant and the location of the emitting source. The capital investment for air protection in the State budget is small.
Regulatory measures complement the economic instruments.
The Republic operates a system of permits to pollute. In Table 4.5 some Moldovan ambient air quality standards are compared with WHO values. Althoughstill highly centralized, the new procedures involve some form of public participation. In addition, norms for stationary sources are controlled by the State Ecological Inspectorate through instrumental measurements, in general annually and adjusted on that basis to the production level, where appropriate.