Reference Section 36 Nutrients for blocking phenethylamine damage , by Dr. Brian Leibovitz, in MAPS newsletter, Spring 1993 Studies in the last few years have established that phenethylamines such as MDMA can undergo 'redox cycling', a process that liberates copious quantities of oxygen free radicals. Excessive amounts overwhelm the system and damage ensues. Phenethylamines are stored in highest concentrations in the brain and nervous system.
Moderate intakes appear to be handled well.
Excessive quantities, however, may cause oxidative damage. It would therefore be prudent for those taking large amounts of MDMA to take antioxidant supplements as well. These include vitamin C which is water soluble, and vitamin E which is fat soluble. Leibovitz recommends 3 times these doses for treatment.