Fibrous roots do not penetrate as deeply as taproots. Internal Structure of Roots Cells in the apical meristem divide and then differentiate into root epidermis, ground tissues, and vascular tissues behind the meristematic region. The root cap protects the apical meristem and pushes through the soil. Cells are torn loose as the root grows. The root epidermis has extensions called root hairs for the outer absorptive interface with the environment.
Vascular tissues form a vascular cylinder arranged as a central column.
Compared Seasonal growth cycles proceed from seed germination, to seed formation, to death. Growth at Lateral Meristems Vascular cambium is a cylinderlike lateral meristem. It produces secondary xylem on its inner face and secondary phloem on its outer. In regions with cool winters or dry spells, the vascular cambium is inactive during part of the year. Late wood contains xylem with small diameters and thick walls.