Since azaleas grow naturally in wooded areas in well-drained acidic soils high in organic matter, we must mimic these conditions for the plants to grow well. Before planting, get a soil test to determine its acidity and how much sulfur is needed to lower the pH to 4.0 to 5.5. Add organic matter such as leaf compost or peat moss to the top twelve inches of soil. In areas of poor drainage, 12-inch tall raised beds may better insure the plant's survival. Azaleas are shallow-rooted, so mulching with wood chips, a regular supply of water and no hoeing are crucial.
Root rot can result if the azaleas stand in water for even a short time.
Azaleas can also be reluctant to grow out into the surrounding soil once they are planted. Pot-grown azaleas are especially prone to this. If possible, find field-grown azaleas. To help pot-grown azaleas grow into the surrounding soil, be sure to score the root ball by running a sharp knife down the root ball in several places to encourage new root growth. All azaleas are heavy feeders and enjoy a regular dose of fertilizer.