Break the topic into simple subtopics . All topics can be viewed from several angles. Narrow it down to a specific time period if necessary. Articulate the possible approaches and select the best one for your needs. Determine the disciplines involved .
Most topics are interdisciplinary.
The disciplinary focus will determine the appropriate tools to use to locate information. Encyclopedias cover different aspects of a subject. Subject encyclopedias for your discipline are a good place to start. Try to look at topics like these from a new perspective or angle. Once you have your topic, write it out as a preliminary question or statement of purpose .