Explicitness Work is specific, clear and open. No double agendas, implicit or covert contracts, or discrepant client-worker expectations. Realistic Agreement is within the capacities of client and worker. To guard against rigidity, include provisions for renegotiation by mutual consent. It is different from practice theory in that it relies on standardized, formal procedures in the search for new knowledge.
Research is a process involving many steps.
The process by which researchers develop a precise statement that can be operationalized. The problem formulation must be stated in way that ultimately lends itself to measurement. The research problem is connected through a literature search to other related problems and knowledge i.e., research is cumulative. This includes the development of conceptual frameworks and operational concepts. Selection of a study design to guide the collection of data.