To reduce design time, improve design quality, and increase design process reliability. Ridges and discontinuities result from numerical discretization. Multiple local optima. Use of CFD codes in objective and constraint functions. Results depend on having a well-formulated the design space.
Results depend on having well-formulated models of objective and constraint functions.
Engineers usually don't know the best formulation in advance. Descriptions of search spaces. Descriptions of models of constraint and objective functions. An algorithm for using multiple spaces and multiple models to solve design problems. Compute the third flap length to be near the boundary of the unevaluable region.