Alta Vista search George A. Cowan, David Pines and David Meltzer, eds. Murray Gell-Mann . Hierarchies of CASs, higher level CASs composed of coevolving CASs Marcus W. Feldman, Luigi L. Cavalli-Sforza, and Lev A. Zhivotovsky. Stuart A. Kauffman . Evolution and Complexity Darwinian evolution is the generative force behind most complex system.
Natural evolution acts so slowly it is difficult to study.
Tierra provides a much faster artificial evolutionary environment. Different random seeds give different ecologies. Most of the space represents unviable organisms. As the points flow through the space, they may bifurcate or split into sub-clouds. Some regions are viable only if other regions are also populated.