In interviews with high school students it was revealed that students were unable to recognize invalid simulation outcomes, and most students were also unable to construct a valid simulation. The inability of students to either recognize or construct probability simulations appears to be tied to their beliefs about probability and simulation. Algebra Students' Conceptions of Zero Antoinette Seidelmann A written instrument designed to explore secondary school students' conceptions of zero was administered to 85 students enrolled in first-year algebra. Six students participated in a follow-up interview.
Results indicate that quantitative reasoning with zero is problematic to secondary students.