Well, yes you can, in a way. Using wildcards or regular expressions , you can perform actions on a file or files without knowing the complete filename. Just fill out what you know, then substitute the remainder with a wildcard. The asterisk will search out everything that matches the pattern you're looking for. It helps, then, to narrow your search as much as possible.
Regular expressions are more complex than the straightforward asterisk or question mark.
For more on that, read on.