Disconfirmation trials for a theory are important according to Popper. Constructs Constructs are in every science and are developed from theory and operational definitions. Operational definitions in turn are, of course, always empirically based. Models Models big and small can help us think through a problem. Models can be either a physical or mental rendition.
Models serve to arrange and relate the hierarchies of constructs and laws.
The concept of paradigms is important for all sciences. Kuhn's book on paradigms discussed paradigms relating to the largest issues of substance. We will use the term paradigm in a down-sized version to discuss methodology. .