Space supports electromagnetic wave propagation. The speed of light in a vacuum is a universal constant for all uniformly moving observers. Within space, stable electromagnetic structures may be formed, for example atoms, stars. Electromagnetic energy is constrained to exist in discrete quantum units. This applies to atoms and the emission, detection and absorption of electromagnetic waves.
Space is curved in the vicinity of a massive object.
The universe as a whole has a curved space structure. Summary The structure of the atom is explained using a curved space model. The objective has been to provide a new theoretical model which can provide the impetus for a different approach to experimental investigation and mathematical modelling. It may be possible to derive a mathematical model for the structure of the atom by finding specific solutions to the General Relativity equations for space time curvature, constrained by quantum energy levels. Also, considering electromagnetic energy as a wave and discarding the concept of an electromagnetic particle also offers a new insight into the function of the human brain .