The data for Germany are for the unified Germany, i.e., the former East Germany and West Germany. See Appendix A for countries in this group. The Persian Gulf countries are all members of OPEC, except for Bahrain. Imports include crude oil, natural gas liquids, and refined products, and are on a direct basis. See Appendix A for countries in this group.
Negative numbers represent net exports.
See Section 4 for annual data.