Povidone iodine needs to be applied for 2 to 3 minutes for its full bacteriostatic action to take effect and must be allowed to dry prior to needle cannulation. Clean gloves should be worn by the dialysis staff for cannulation. Gloves should be changed if contaminated at any time during the cannulation procedure. New, clean gloves should be worn by the dialysis staff for each patient. Less steep angles increase risk of dragging cutting edge of needle along surface of vessel.
Steeper angles increase risk of perforating underside of vessel.
Advance the needle slowly with cutting edge facing top of vessel and do not rotate axis 2. Immediately rotate the axis of the needle 180 degrees and advance slowly with cutting edge facing bottom of the vessel 3. Advance the needle to desired position, then rotate the axis 180 degrees 1. Any manipulation may traumatize the intima of the vessel 2. Rotating the axis avoids traumatizing the top of intima 3.