This results in lower fertilizer application rates which also reduces the potential for offsite nutrient losses. If the flow rate changes from one time period to another, or from the design flow rate it may be an indication of problems such as plugging or worn pump vanes. Additionally, gauges are used to determine the operational state of the irrigation system. If the pressure changes from the normal operating system pressure and the operator hasn't made any changes in the system settings there may be a problem such as those listed above. If the producer so desires, the system can be turned on and off manually.
Producers desiring more automation can choose from a wide spectrum depending on their comfort level.
Additionally, system operating parameters such as flow rates, pressure, water pH, fertilizer injection rates, etc. can be monitored and the status noted anytime through the use of a computer and modem. Irrigation system settings can be changed onsite or remotely through the use of a computer. Some of the other needed components are pressure and vacuum relief valves, check valves, backflow prevention valves, field control valves, and pressure regulators. The challenges and opportunities of using SDI are many. SDI has the proven potential to increase crop yield, increase soil and water conservation, improve crop quality, and reduce environmental degradation.