Screening for colorectal cancer is widely available. A colonoscopy is generally considered to be a superior screening method. Specially trained physicians, gastroenterologists, regularly perform colonoscopies in order to identify cancer and pre-cancerous conditions. A colonoscope is a long, plastic coated, flexible fiberoptic tube that is about as thick as a finger. It is inserted through the rectum into the colon.
Physicians are then able to examine the lining of the colon.
There is no sensation inside the colon. Removal of polyps and samples of tissue does not cause pain. However, the placement of the tube in the bowel accompanied by air and stretching of the bowel may cause some degree of anxiety and discomfort in patients. Intravenous medications administered during colonoscopies provide patients with comfort and relief. Colonoscopies are generally safe when performed by specially trained and experienced gastroenterologists.