There are psychotherapies that help patients change behaviors or thought patterns, psychotherapies that help patients explore the effect of past relationships and experiences on present behaviors, psychotherapies that treat troubled couples or families together, and more treatments that are tailored to help solve other problems in specific ways. Psychoanalysis is an intensive form of individual psychotherapy that requires frequent sessions over several years. Psychiatrists who are also psychoanalysts have had additional years of training in psychoanalysis. They help the patient to recall and examine events, memories, and feelings from the past as a means of helping the patient understand present feelings and behavior and make changes as necessary. Psychiatrists may also prescribe medications when a thorough evaluation of the patient suggests that medication may correct imbalances in brain chemistry involved in some mental disorders.
Most medication is used in combination with psychotherapy.
Just like a diabetic patient who needs insulin or a heart patient nitroglycerin, a patient suffering from a severe mental illness may need a specific type of psychiatric medication. ECT has repeatedly been shown to be effective for patients who cannot take medications due to heart conditions, old age, or severe malnourishment and for patients who are suicidal or who do not respond to antidepressants. Before ECT is administered, patients receive anesthesia and a muscle relaxant to protect them from physical harm and pain. Its effects are largely transitory.