The two most fundamental types of particles are quarks and leptons , where each class is divided into 6 flavors corresponding to three generations of matter. Leptons have charges in units of 1 or 0. Force carriers are responsible for the four fundamental forces of Nature. When matter and anti-matter make contact, then instantly annihilate each other to produce energy. Bosons do not have antiparticles since they are force carriers.
Quarks combine to form other types of matter, baryons and mesons.
Mesons, made of quark pairs, are usually found in cosmic rays. We do not see fractional charges in Nature, thus there are no free quarks, they are only found in pairs or triplets. Thus, our current understanding of the structure of the atom is such that the atom contains a nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons bound to the nucleus by electromagnetic forces. The nucleus is composed of neutral neutrons and positively charged protons bound together by the strong nuclear force.