Applied mathematicians working in industrial research and development may develop or enhance mathematical methods when confronted with difficult problems. Some mathematicians, called cryptanalysts, analyze and decipher encryption systems designed to transmit national security-related information. Mathematicians use computers extensively to analyze relationships among variables, solve complex problems, develop models, and process large amounts of data. In private industry, job candidates generally need a master's or a Ph.D. degree to obtain jobs as mathematicians. Most of the positions designated for mathematicians are in research and development labs as part of technical teams.
More information is available about professional organizations in mathematics on a separate page.
The Mathematical Association of America offers student memberships and various publications which include mathematics for undergraduates and graduate students. The American Mathematical Society focuses on research mathematics. These examinations test an individual's competence in subjects such as linear algebra, probability, calculus, statistics, risk theory, and actuarial mathematics. The first few examinations help students evaluate their potential as actuaries. Those who pass usually have better opportunities for employment and higher starting salaries.