Social graces which remain untouched in the early phases of the illness are lost, and habits such as dressing and bathing are neglected. There may be changes in behaviour such as angry outbursts, selfishness and indifference to the feelings of others. Finally, eating is neglected and weight loss occurs. Ultimately, the ability to stand and walk are lost, with the sufferer being bed-bound, having to be fed and bathed. Pressure sores from lack of movement may develop and become infected.
Pneumonia is a common cause of death.
The course of the illness usually extends over a period of five or more years. There are no specific or reliable tests for Alzheimer s disease. Brain scans are usually performed and show shrinkage of the overall volume of the brain, but this is not specific and occurs in other forms of dementia. The diagnosis of Alzheimer s disease depends on the pattern and progression of symptoms, with specialised tests being performed to rule out rarer but more easily treated disorders. Unfortunately, no treatment yet exists to halt or prevent the loss of brain cells that is the underlying cause of Alzheimer s disease.