A ten-year war begins, led by Osceola. He dies when the mob burns his press. 1839 Seminoles and their black allies are forced to leave their homes in Florida and migrate to lands in the Oklahoma territory. Slave rebels, led by Cinque, capture the Amistad, a Spanish slave ship. In November there is a slave revolt on the Creole, which was en route to New Orleans from Hampton, Virginia.
Rebels overpower the ship and sail it to the Bahamas where they are greeted as heroes.
The Seminole War ends, but the Seminoles are not defeated. 1845 Seventy-five slaves from three Maryland counties arm themselves and march toward Pennsylvania. Many are killed and thirty-one are recaptured. 1848 Henry Highland Garnet reissues David Walker's Appeal and adds his own address to it. Harriet Tubman escapes from slavery.