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Waterfalls are literally places in steep segments of rivers where water falls vertically.
Sometimes waterfalls such as Niagara Falls are termed cataracts, when a large volume of water is involved. Also, waterfalls can be termed cascades, which are a series of small falls. All waterfalls are produced by stream erosion . The rate at which erosion occurs depends greatly on the height,volume, and type and structure of rocks involved in the waterfall. At the base of most waterfalls is a plunge pool.