Exposures must be controlled to prevent lead poisoning. Molybdenum can cause respiratory irritation and impaired breathing, but welders are unlikely to be exposed to excessive amounts. Nickel is found in many alloys and stainless steel. Eye and throat irritation are acute effects. Scientists are currently disagreeing on whether nickel compounds are capable of causing or promoting cancer in welders.
Tin is present in some bronze alloys and solders.
The fumes are known to cause stenosis, a benign pneumoconiosis, but it is improbable that soldering work could place the worker at risk. Titanium is found in stainless steel, alloys, flux and coatings, but it is not known to have any ill effects on welders. Vanadium is present in certain alloys and welding electrode coatings. Acute symptoms are eye and respiratory irritation. Chronic conditions may comprise bronchitis, rhinitis, pulmonary oedema and pneumonia.