These publishers experienced a deep fall both in number of titles issued and copies printed. The third group are University Presses. Proceeding from these facts one can make a conclusion that the situation of UP s is improving. The system of high school is in a better condition than that of the Academy of Sciences. Education is partially self-financed.
Many students pay for their education.
High Schools are quite free in forms of their activities and have various sources of sponsoring. Technological changes, new printing techniques helped them to develop their publishing activities. Another positive change is that the rise of titles published by UP s was not formed by the leading universities the Presses of Moscow and Saint-Petersburg universities but by the presses of other high schools and of regions of Russia. Commercial publishers are the fourth group. It is the type of the book but not the theme that is in the focus of their publishing programmes.