You can have finished boards in less than an hour, including printing, preparing the copper board, transferring the pattern, removing the paper, etching, and drilling.
Most commercial boards seem to be made with a screen-printing process, for the mask.
However, for many applications, and for the lowest budgets, the method described below can give results that are as good for certain applications, for less money, and maybe more quickly. Very small trace-widths are said to be achievable with the photographic method mentioned above. However, I have had absolutely no problem with the 0.01-inch traces. Almost all types will work, to some degree. Glossy, coated paper has been found to work very well, since the coating on the paper will separate from the paper, when soaked in water.