Nurseries are located at Mushey, Choplung, Ghat, Phakding and Benkar. Energy conservation Energy systems in Nepal are characterised by low efficiency and a heavy reliance on biomass energy such as wood and animal dung. In Pharak, wood is the primary cooking and heating fuel. Backboilers A backboiler is a device that uses byproduct heat energy from household cooking activities to heat water. A backboiler consists of a reticulating pipe system, which passes through a wood stove and connects to a water tank.
Water is circulated and heated through the stove.
Backboilers represent a positive step in energy conservation as they save up to half of a household's fuelwood needs per day. Kerosene depots WWF has funded the establishment of three kerosene depots at Shyangboche, Dole and Pheriche in Sagarmatha National Park. The depots provide an alternative fuel for villagers, lodge owners, trekkers and expedition groups due to the banning of live firewood collection within park boundaries. Previously fuelwood was imported to the park from forests in Pharak to meet the energy requirements of park inhabitants and tourists. Switching to kerosene as a fuel source in the park reduces demand for firewood in the Pharak region.