Unfortunately this problem is all too common. Not only are the damaged sidewalks a potential accident for pedestrians, correcting the situation can be damaging to the tree.
Prevention is the best possible way to avoid having to deal with problem tree root systems.
When root problems develop, root pruning may be necessary. Root pruning, however, should not to be taken lightly. Avoid planting trees in areas with less than three feet between paved areas. In areas with 3 to 4 feet between paved areas, plant trees that grow to a mature height of less than 30 feet. In areas with 5 to 6 feet between paved areas, select trees that mature about 50 feet tall.