Excessive dietary saturated fat is the leading cause of elevated cholesterol. It fuels cholesterol production, and stalls its emission from the body. Unsaturated fat consumption enhances cholesterol elimination from the body, and its degradation into bile salts, lowering total cholesterol. The AHA notes that genetics play a crucial role. Some individuals with unhealthy diets have low cholesterol while others eat properly and exercise, yet need medication to maintain cholesterol levels.
Population studies shed light on the impact of diet on cholesterol metabolism.
Mediterranean and Asian populations show much lower incidence of elevated cholesterol and heart disease than many Western countries. Traditional diets of Mediterranean and Asian groups are high in fruits and vegetables and low in meats and saturated fats. The French population has been particularly intriguing. Their diet is high in butter and cream sauces, yet the incidence of heart disease is significantly lower than in other Western countries. French Paradox and Flavonoids Some say the French Paradox may be explained by looking at red wine consumption.