An emphasis on rhythm and percussion rich in melody. Widespread use of call and response. It developed from ritual dance slave celebrations in the 17th century. The barril were made using empty codfish barrels. The musicians also use two small sticks to beat a secondady pattern on the side of the drums.
Maracas are also part of the bomba percussion instruments.
Bomba participants form a dance circle and take turns in solo dance between individuals and the drum. It was at bailes de bomba that slaves celebrated baptisms, weddings, and births. Fearing rebellions slaveowners allowed the dances on Sundays only. Female Bomba dancers used their skirts to mimic and poke fun at the slave owners. Plena musicians often poke fun at mundane everyday occurences or the antics of politicians.