Many people equate quantitative research with statistical analysis.
Indeed, statistics is only a subset of data analysis, and data analysis is only one of three components of quantitative research. Usually a schematic form is used to specify the factors and the levels of factors. DOE is a crucial step because it affects subsequent steps of research. Conversely, even the most sophisticated statistical analysis cannot salvage a badly designed experiment. Researchers should start with clear research questions, explicit hypotheses, operational variables, and foresee how data are collected to address the questions.