Axons are single, extended fibers. Terminal buttons are bulblike structures through which the neuron stimulates nearby glands, muscles, and other neurons. The myelin sheath insulates some axons and increases the speed of neural conduction. Synaptic transmission is the relaying of information from one neuron to the next across the synaptic gap. A synapse is a gap at the near-junction of two or more nerve cells.
Neurotransmitters are biochemical substances that stimulate other neurons.
Neurotransmitters play a vital role in synaptic transmission. Acetylcholine is involved in the memory process and is excitatory in nature. GABA is the main inhibitory transmitter. Higher than normal levels of dopamine and norepinephrine have been found in persons with schizophrenia. Endorphins are naturally occurring morphine-like substances which play a role in emotions, pleasure, and pain.