The perinatal transmission of HIV can be reduced significantly by giving the newborn zidovudine prophylaxis within 48 hours of birth, even if the mother did not receive prophylaxis. Xylitol inhibits the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Roseola can be caused by either human herpesvirus 6 or human herpesvirus 7, except human herpesvirus 7 infection occurs earlier in infancy. The combination vaccine containing Hib conjugate vaccine and DTaP vaccine is licensed for use in infants 2 to 6 months of age. CSF pleocytosis occurs in about one-third of children with Kawasaki disease and is predominantly polymorphonuclears.
Pertussis vaccination increases the risk of asthma.
Zidovudine prophylaxis should be offered to a woman in labor even if she has not received prophylaxis earlier in pregnancy. Xylitol chewing gum has been shown to be effective in preventing acute otitis media. Seizure is less likely to occur during primary infection with human herpesvirus 7 compared to human herpesvirus 6. Parents are able to predict the presence of acute otitis media in their children most of the time.