This political organization is one type of artificial means. The rules and regulations promulgated by the political officials are also artificial means. Therefore, policy is an artificial means. In the United States, fiscal policy, monetary policy, incomes policy, debt management policy, and supply-side policy are artificial means to achieve macroeconomic goals. The Linkages Linkages are the networks, processes, or transmission mechanisms through which policies are effectuated.
Most policy works only indirectly through a chain of events.
In order to predict the outcome of a policy measure, the social scientist must identify this chain of events. This chain of events can be deduced from patterns and regularities in economic behavior. The linkages are the sum total of the chains of cause and effect. The search for linkages is called theory. Goals which cannot be accomplished simultaneously.