The seeds of several types of pine will not germinate unless exposed to fire. European Starling - has caused decreased pop of other cavity dwelling birds like woodpeckers. Gypsy moths 3. American Chestnut blight - removed dominant tree from many forests in US 4. Kudzu E. Human activities - deforestation for lumber, fuel, farmland, construction, etc.
Pollution is a secondary effect of humans.
F. Other factors - earthquakes, mudslides, volcanic eruptions, asteroid strikes, etc. A sequence of changes initiated by a disturbance - primarily this process is described by the plants, though in marine habitats, where stationary animals exist, they may be used to describe a succession. Community changes in succession include increases in species diversity and changes in species composition. Stable until disturbed. Concept considered passe, communities not considered to reach stability.