The photographs admitted into evidence displayed marks on Xavier's arm, one mark on his leg, and one mark on his bottom. The photographs were taken approximately ten minutes after the spanking. There was no evidence of bruising or bleeding. There were no whelps or marks depicted on Xavier's back or any other part of his body. In fact, there were no other signs of physical injury except the few marks from the cord.
Physical injury means that impairment of physical condition or the infliction of substantial pain.
Ark. Code Ann. The test for determining sufficient proof is whether there is substantial evidence to support the verdict. 50 Ark. App. Evidence is substantial if it is of sufficient force and character to compel reasonable minds to reach a conclusion and pass beyond suspicion and conjecture. Based on the facts in this particular case, we hold that the evidence is insufficient to support a finding that the physical force used by appellant in disciplining her grandchild was unreasonable or inappropriate under the circumstances.