Preliminary knowledge about relationships of scientific indicators and objective science events influences final conclusions considerably. Therefore, it is necessary to describe basic regularities of development of scientific studies and corresponding types of scientific literature. These standardizations reflect and fix the development of scientific studies. The knowledge about certain subjects is connected with the creation of the research field. The problem is the basis of research field identification.
Problem solving is different for separate groups of scientists.
The research field is a structural unit of science's forefront, whereas scientific activity has a searching character. Research directions are created on the basis of general approaches and ways of problem solution. The notable feature of cutting-edge science is the informal organization. The scholars, working in one direction, do not have a formal organized group. The life cycle of the research field was a subject for many studies.