Cylinder liners are manufactured in cast iron which needs a controlled hard-phase content and the best grain structure in the running surface for both good strength and running behavior. Careful machining of the liner's running surface is followed by full deep honing to remove all damaged hard phase from the surface of the liner. Only then can running-in be expected to be free of problems. Deep honing of the full liner running surface is a prerequisite for obtaining the benefits of TriboPack. This damaged hard phase must be removed by deep honing.
Pistons now have four rings, all of the same thickness.
These rings have cast iron as the base material. The running face is profiled and coated with a layer of chromium as a matrix into which a ceramic material is trapped. These rings have demonstrated a high operational safety and give excellent low liner and piston ring wear. They have proven to resist scuffing much better than any other known ring material. With an internal diameter less than the cylinder bore to reduce the clearance to the top land of the piston, the anti-polishing ring prevents the build up of deposits on the top land of the piston.