A grassy, thinly wooded plain extends along the southern border. The country, officially called the Republic of Niger, takes its name from the Niger River, which flows through its southwest corner. Niamey is Niger's capital and largest city. The people of Niger belong to many different ethnic groups, each with its own language and customs. Almost all the people are black Africans, and a large majority are Muslims.
Most people work as farmers and live in the south, where water and land are available.
Niger became an independent nation in 1960. France had ruled it for about 60 years before independence. View Table Facts in brief about Niger Government. The president is the most powerful official in the government. The president appoints a prime minister and other members of the cabinet, determines their responsibilities, and may end their appointments at any time.