These same problems are not as dominant in the eastern part of the U.S., but the principles of revegetation are very similar. It is now adapting to areas of New Mexico and the Midwest. Solid stands near the Devil's Tower close to Sundance, Wyoming have been controlled with perennial grasses such as Luna Pubescent Wheatgrass and Bozoisky Russian Wildrye for 12 years without herbicides, only grass competition. Perennial weeds such as Canada thistle grow best on moist soils near waterways and drainages. Grasses such as Regar brome are much better adapted in these sites which have higher moisture.
Perennial bromegrasses are more effective competitors on highly productive sites.
Dalmatian toadflax,a newcomer in the western U.S. is spreading rapidly on various disturbed sites. Grasses seeded in early spring before toadflax can reestablish itself have been very competitive for the past three years following establishment. With an integrated approach using insects for maintenance or retreating areas with a herbicide, grasses can be maintained for an indefinite period of time. Russian knapweed is found on sites having shallow water tables such as river bottoms or irrigation canals. These applications should be followed by reseeding grasses such as Bozoisky Russian Wildrye or Luna Pubescent Wheatgass in the spring.