Examples include recurrent miscarriages, mothers with diabetes or kidney disease, or a fetus with a heart defect. These physicians offer family and genetic counseling, carrier testing and prenatal counseling. N Neonatology is the care and treatment of newborn infants up to six weeks of age. Nephrology is the study, diagnosis and treatment of kidney disorders, such as kidney stones, tumors, and blood or protein in the urine, as well as kidney damage resulting from other conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure. Neurosurgery provides surgical repair and treatment of nervous system disorders.
Patients generally see a neurologist first and receive a referral to a neurosurgeon.
Nuclear Medicine refers to imaging techniques that use radioactive substances to detect and treat disease. Many, but not all, obstetricians are gynecologists. Oncology relates to the causes, development, characteristics and treatment of tumors, particularly cancerous ones. Ophthalmology is the study of the eye, and the diagnosis and treatment of disorders that affect it. Ophthalmologists not only perform vision tests and prescribe glasses or contact lenses, but also the surgery to treat eye disorders, such as cataracts, glaucoma, retinal detachment and obstructed tear ducts.