Also see distribution. A smaller version of a study is carried out before the actual investigation is done. Researchers use information gathered in pilot studies to refine or modify the research methodology for a study and to develop large-scale studies. A well-defined group of individuals, objects or events. All members of a population have at least one known characteristic in common.
Researchers use data from samples to generalize findings to a population.
The probability that a statistical procedure or research design will detect differences or effects when they are present. A number that reflects the likelihood that statistical results have occurred by chance. Results with p values equal to or less than .05, .01 or .001 are labeled as statistically significant. Also known as level of significance. A scientific study in which detailed information is obtained about complex issues, sensitive topics or life experiences.