In this phase, injury may begin to resolve or become persistent. In those who recover, the fibrosis phase of healing with resolution of inflammation and development of varying degrees of pulmonary fibrosis occurs. Estimated incidence in the US is 150,000-200,000 cases per year. Most cases occur following admission to the hospital. Patients presenting to the ED with ARDS are rare.
Most survivors have few long-term sequelae.
Survivors of severe cases may have persistent pulmonary fibrosis with symptoms of restrictive lung disease. No age predilection exists. ARDS can occur in pediatric patients as well as in adults. Dyspnea is present in all cases except those in which alteration in sensorium is present. Other symptoms, if present, typically are related to the predisposing condition.