Research results in the production of propositions supported by evidence - knowledge.
This may initially be in the form of individual trials, and later by trials built into overviews or systematic reviews of evidence. A number of such overviews are available, some from the Cochrane Centre, the King's Fund or the University of York. Just like a bullet, they are of little value by themselves, and need to be loaded, aimed and fired to hit their target. In healthcare effectiveness, the gun which does this is the GRiP programme being pioneered in the Oxford Region. The targets vary, and may be public education, professional education and training, information for managers or purchasing specification, including a specification for audit action.