All effective organizations are not necessarily efficient. Effectiveness is concerned with goal attainment, while efficiency is concerned with resource usage. An organization can achieve its goals, but do so by being wasteful and using an inordinate amount of input resources. Briefly describe them. All managers should perform the functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
Planning includes plans to coordinate activities.
Organizing determines what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made. Leading includes motivating subordinates, directing others, selecting the most effective communication channels, and resolving conflicts. Controlling insures that activities are accomplished as planned and any significant deviations are corrected. Contrast the four management functions with Mintzberg's ten roles. Mintzberg has defined ten roles of managers categorized into interpersonal, informational, and decisional roles.