A similar study using isoproterenol demonstrated no differences in the degree of relaxation of bladder muscle strips between pregnant and non-pregnant rabbits. There is clearly a discrepancy in the results between Morita's investigation and Tong's. This suggests that extrapolation of findings from non-pregnant to pregnant females may not be valid. This does not negate the results of the present analysis, demonstrating substantial differences between males and females. Studies which compare function in males and females, and those describing the effects of hormone withdrawal and replacement on urinary tract function, will contribute to our understanding of the differences and similarities between males and females.
Pregnancy is associated with changes in bladder function.
Stanton et al. Stress incontinence and bladder dysfunction associated with pregnancy clearly are urologic problems unique to women. However, other types of incontinence and hypersensitive bladder disorders, including interstitial cystitis, affect both males and females. Basic science research on the physiology and pathophysiology of bladder and pelvic floor disorders is essential. Without such research, we will be unable to develop new methods, surgical and non-surgical, to treat urologic disorders which affect both female and male patients.