The C-4 photosynthetic pathway is what occurs in most monocots or grasses. This is a more efficient pathway and allows grasses to grow faster than broadleaf plants. Crassulacean acid metabolism or CAM photosynthesis is the dark reaction type found in many cactus, succulents, bromeliads, and orchids as well as a few other plants. CAM photosynthesis is similar to C-4 photosynthesis. The CO 2 is converted into malic acid and then converted back to CO 2 during the day when light is present, thus producing sugars, while the stomata are closed and greatly reducing water loss.
Plants convert the energy from light into simple sugars, such as glucose.
This food may be converted back to water and carbon dioxide, releasing the stored energy through a process called respiration. This energy is required for growth in nearly all organisms. Photosynthesis is dependent on the availability of light. Generally speaking, as sunlight increases in intensity photosynthesis increases. This results in greater food production.