A deficiency of pancreatic enzymes is apparent in nearly 85 percent of CF patients. These deficiencies lead to inappropriate digestion of many nutrients, including fats and proteins. The presence of foul smelling, fatty, bulky stool occurring in high frequency is common. A deficiency in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins is also common, occurring secondary to decreased fat absorption. CF patients are usually most affected by the malnutrition associated with malabsorption.
Patients are frequently below the norms in weight and height compared to children their own age.
With CF, the pulmonary system is also frequently affected. An inflammatory response may occur because the patient is constantly trying to clear the excessive secretions. Infection and inflammation may be bacterial, viral, or associated with environmental toxins. Hypoxia results in cyanosis and digital clubbing. Labored breathing may cause increased chest diameter.