Political instability, machine-made textiles, and British monopolies of India's production all contributed to this decline. Soon after independence in 1947, the new Indian government recognized the importance of traditional arts in Indian society and took steps to support and preserve their revival by establishing state and local boards. Some textile techniques emerged quite naturally from the abundance of locally available raw materials in India. In addition to the early production of cotton, silk has been cultivated for almost 2,000 years. Dyes such as madder and indigo are native to the country.
Minerals abound with vibrant pigment colors.
And various trees, roots, and plants produce excellent natural dyes, resins, and resists. Climate conditions also influence the types of textiles produced. In the mountainous north, for example, one finds cold winters and, as a result, a large production of wool. The Kashmir shawls, woolen garments, and carpets are crafts which have emerged quite naturally in response to the climate. Regional differences often reflect religious influences.