A direct geometric function or mathematical transformation which relates coordinates of points on a curved surface to coordinates of points on a plane. Meridian A great circle passing through the poles along which all points have the same longitude. The prime meridian also passes through the Royal Observatory located in Greenwich, England. Neatline A border line commonly drawn around the extent of a map to enclose the map, legend box, scale bar, title and other information. Nearest neighbor searches attempt to find the closest occurrence of a given value to the point of interest.
Proximity analyses find all occurrences of a value within a given distance to the point of interest.
An example of neighborhood operations is to determine slope and aspect based on horizontal and vertical distances, and direction between digitized elevation points or contours. Network A system of interconnecting elements through which resources can be passed or transmitted. The beginning and ending location of a line or arc. Also the point at which arcs in a polygon network are joined. The process of generating a new map by combining the contents of one or more maps using mathematical operators like addition, subtraction, multiplication, exponentiation, and matrix algebra operations like inversion and transposition.