As a result he placed a special emphasis on spontaneity and self-activity. Children should not be given ready-made answers but should arrive at answers themselves. The aim is to educate the whole child - intellectual education is only part of a wider plan. He looked to balance, or keep in equilibrium, three elements - hands, heart and head. William H. Kilpatrick has summarized six principles that run through Pestalozzi's efforts around schooling.
Personality is sacred.
This constitutes the 'inner dignity of each individual for the young as truly as for the adult. The educator only takes care that no untoward influence shall disturb nature's march of developments'. Without love, neither the physical not the intellectual powers will develop naturally'. To get rid of the 'verbosity' of meaningless words Pestalozzi developed his doctrine of Anschauung - direct concrete observation, often inadequately called 'sense perception' or 'object lessons'. No word was to be used for any purpose until adequate Anschauung had preceded.