The party to be joinded must independently satisfy jurisdiction requirements, else parties could evade the complete diversity requirement by bringing non-diverse parties into the lawsuit through the federal court's backdoor. When courts consider statutes and the Constitution, judgments may affect broad range of citizens but government would cease to function if everyone affected has to be included in the ensuing litigation. Consider Martin v. Wilks, the black firefighters case. Stakeholder can plead in the alternative that he is not liable to any of the claimants. Stakeholder can bring interpleader action in any district court where any of the claimants reside.
Preclusion is limited to claims directed at the stakeholder's property.
Stakeholder cannot turn property over to the court to limit personal liability nor to extinguish all claimants arising out of a single transaction or occurrence. According to Supreme Court, that Greyhound carried an insurance policy should not have a substantive impact on all potential accident litigation. Stakeholder does not have to wait until a judgment is imposed against its property to institute an interpleader action. Parties who can intervene by right are parties that should be joined if feasible. The factors significant to Rule 24 analysis are co-extensive with those relevant to Rule 19 analysis.