Babies who are born prematurely still have a growing retina . The retina usually finishes growing a few weeks to a month after birth in full term babies, but in premature babies the retina is still growing. During the course of this growth, the blood vessels that bring blood to the retina can begin to develop abnormally. This abnormal growth is called retinopathy of prematurity.
Many factors interact to cause retinopathy of prematurity.
We do not understand all of the causes at present. A number of research studies are taking place that will help us better understand this problem. It is also thought that babies who are very sick at birth and who require oxygen might be at risk of developing ROP even if they weigh more than the above-mentioned limits and if they are older than noted above. The only way to determine if ROP is present is by examining the inside of the eye. The retina is examined and changes and abnormalities in the retina can be noted.