Example of minority approach 3. What problems, esp. B. Flashcards C. Note cards with names of cases, etc. A promise which the promisor should reasonably expect to induce action or forbearance on the part of the promisee or a third person and which does include such action or forbearance is binding if injustice can be avoided only by enforcement of the promise. People rely on promises without knowing they are unprotected under the law.
Parties incur actual cost in relying and often forego other opportunities.