Therefore, if appropriate scientific methodology had been used, the same conclusions from such discourses might not have been reached. Western medical science evolved rapidly, with some of medicine's basic philosophical concepts, such as the Oath of Hippocrates, as its foundation. Other fields of mathematics are required for certain problems. If you cannot do this there will generally be good reason for supposing that your comprehension of the case is not as clear as it ought to be. Currently, technology often evolves faster than medical scientists can evaluate its efficacy in the prevention and control of disease.
Medical science suffers from a lack of clinical trials.
Counterproductive to scientifically valid medicine, commercial pressures work to cloud the scientific assessments of valid trials, thereby leading to enterpreneurship, false expectations, and excessive cost. A typical example is the modern television commercial in which an attractive woman in her late 20s is undergoing a mammogram. The false implication is that the procedure will prevent her from dying of breast cancer, when in fact the commercial does not mention the controlled clinical trials that show that the probability of dying from breast cancer was not reduced by the use of mammograms for patients under the age of 50. Not only are valid studies ignored because of commercial and entrepreneurial pressures, but many necessary studies are not undertaken for this reason. 12 False expectations from these types of pressures can lead to allegations of negligence against primary physicians who opt for validated diagnostic techniques instead of overpromoted, invalidated techniques.