Disabling bursitis in the shoulder may be relieved by several injections of corticosteroids along with intensive physical therapy to restore the joint's function. Exercises can help strengthen weakened muscles and reestablish the joint's full range of motion. Bursitis frequently recurs if the underlying cause, such as gout, rheumatoid arthritis, or chronic overuse, isn't corrected. Tendons are fibrous cords of tough tissue that connect muscles to bones. Tendon sheaths surround some tendons.
Most tendinitis occurs in middle or old age, as the tendons become more susceptible to injury.
However, it also occurs in younger people who exercise vigorously and in people who perform repetitive tasks. Certain tendons, especially those of the hand, are particularly susceptible to inflammation. An inflammation of the tendon that extends the thumb away from the hand is called de Quervain's disease. Tendinitis above the biceps muscle in the upper arm causes pain when the elbow is bent or the forearm is rotated. Tendon sheaths can also be affected by joint diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic scleroderma, gout, and Reiter's syndrome.