Problem definition trees lead to the design of experiment to prove or refute possibilities. The analysis goes on step by step. Results are often surprising, when an analysis shows that a parameter that would have been considered as minor, is revealed as playing a major role. It is like a police investigation, or a series of experiments to test a new drug. It cannot be done only from an office.
Police inspectors have to go in the field, to find clues and evidence.
Lab scientists need rigorous methods to test a new drug and the many interactions in different patient conditions. It may be only one of the contributing causes. With conventional methods, long series of tests are necessary to identify several causes and interactions, and to find which cause is the greatest contributor to the problem. The Statistical approach is based on several basic statistical principles. Binary tools are also used to effectively narrow down the search and to ensure the search remains rational.