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Mining attracts high male migration to the mines and associated industrial zones.
These workers leave their families behind, only see them occasionally, and are put into all-male housing. Many of these women, victims of rural poverty and dependent on what little money their families may send them, turn to sex to make ends meet. On top of this high risk situation, there is added contamination by the men when they go and visit their families. Most of these women's partners had emigrated to work in the mines. Whereas women whose men had not emigrated and who lived with a steady partner were less affected.