An important aspect of this framework is that risk factors do not all have to be addressed directly. Different risk factors are related to different periods of development. For example, poor academic performance in grades one and two may not be as significant as in grades seven through 12. On the other hand, aggressiveness at ages five through seven is a strong predictor of later alcohol and substance abuse. The more risk factors present, the greater the risk for alcohol and substance abuse.
Risk factors show consistency over time and across different races, cultures, and classes.
While risk factors for different groups may vary, they do appear to operate in the same way. While focusing on the multiple risks that young people face, it is equally important to increase protective factors. For example, a risk factor of drug-using peers may be reduced both by positive bonding with family members and organized educational or recreational activities designed to prevent or delay the onset of alcohol and substance use.