For example microbiology involves the isolation, growth and identification of microoganisms. The discipline covers organisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa and infectious agents such as viruses. Microorganisms often get a bad press. They cause disease in animals and plants. Some of these pathogens are resistant to one or more antibiotics and are therefore difficult to treat.
Microorganisms are problematic in other ways.
For example they may be involved in the spoilage of foods. However, microorganisms can also be beneficial. They can be exploited by the pharmaceutical industry for the production of valuable therapeutic compounds such as antibiotics and steroids. They are also widely used in the food and drinks industries for the production of alcoholic drinks, cheese and yoghurts. The structural diversity, biochemical capabilities and genetic adaptability of microorganisms is tremendous, making their study interesting and challenging.