Factors such as poverty, unemployment, unsocial working hours and health problems were cited as some of the reasons for disharmony in families. Most organisations were unaware of family mediation services, but felt that the child-centred nature of these services is relevant and would be beneficial to all minority ethnic communities. However, it was important for such services to be culturally sensitive and show respect for diverse beliefs and cultural values. It was also suggested that the presence of workers from minority ethnic communities would help with users' language needs. The Pakistani Participants' Outlook Most participants in focus group discussions and interviews felt that marriage is a bond between two families rather than just two individuals.
Marriages normally take place through parental choice, but with the consent of prospective partners.
Marriages to cousins are permissible and sometimes preferred. The members of the immediate family often remain involved in domestic decision making. Family links provide support but are also reasons for discord between partners. Culture clash was identified as one of the reasons for marital conflict. Divorce is permitted, but takes place only when all reconciliation efforts are exhausted.