Electrons occupy a space that surrounds an atom's nucleus. Each electron has an electrical charge of -1.
Quarks make up protons and neutrons, which, in turn, make up an atom's nucleus.
Each proton and each neutron contains three quarks. A quark is a fast-moving point of energy. There are several varieties of quarks. The sum of the charges of quarks that make up a nuclear particle determines its electrical charge. Protons contain two up quarks and one down quark.