The integration of different data layers involves a process called overlay. At its simplest, this could be a visual operation, but analytical operations require one or more data layers to be joined physically. This overlay, or spatial join, can integrate data on soils, slope, and vegetation, or land ownership with tax assessment. Graphic to show spatial join. Visualization For many types of geographic operation the end result is best visualized as a map or graph.
Maps are very efficient at storing and communicating geographic information.
While cartographers have created maps for millennia, GIS provides new and exciting tools to extend the art and science of cartography. Inc. All rights reserved.