Bursa are fluid-filled cavities located at tissue sites where tendons or muscles pass over bony prominences. Their function is to facilitate movement and reduce friction between moving parts. The cause of bursitis may be chronic overuse, trauma, rheumatoid arthritis , gout , infection, or unknown. Chronic inflammation can occur with repeated attacks of bursitis or injury.
Physical examination shows tender or swollen joints.
Temporary rest or immobilization of the affected joint may be recommended. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be effective in relieving pain and decreasing the inflammation. If the inflammation does not respond to conservative treatment, aspiration of fluid from the bursa and the injection of corticosteroids into the bursa is an alternative treatment. Surgery is rarely required. Exercises for the affected area should be started as the pain resolves.