The majority of states also require candidates to pass a state jurisprudence examination, covering state laws and regulations. Some states also do additional testing on clinical competency. There are very few reciprocal agreements between states, making it difficult for a veterinarian to practice in a new state without first taking another state examination. Thirty-nine states have continuing education requirements for licensed veterinarians. Requirements differ by state and may involve attending a class or otherwise demonstrating knowledge of recent medical and veterinary advances.
Most veterinarians begin as employees or partners in established practices.
Despite the substantial financial investment in equipment, office space, and staff, many veterinarians with experience set up their own practice or purchase an established one. A state license may be required. Prospective veterinarians must have good manual dexterity. They should have an affinity for animals and the ability to get along with animal owners. They must also be able to make decisions in emergencies.