Treat every interaction as if it was the first time it has happened. Because a bird has always stepped up onto a trainer's hand, it is not necessarily going to today. Animals, just as people are not robots. It is unfair of us to assume every interaction will be the same. Again it is a more sensitive trainer that takes the time to read every situation before proceeding.
Positive reinforcement can be a trainer's best friend.
Negative reinforcement is a part of animal lives in nature and in captive situations. Negative reinforcement involves making a bird do something. Even though bird trainers have traditionally utilized negative reinforcement for some components of training, there is the potential for even greater success using positive reinforcement or reducing the level of negative reinforcement as much as possible. Understanding the theory behind the suggestions to help develop sensitivity to bird behavior is important. However, it can be difficult to conceptualize.