The URN is intended to deal with the issue of unique identifiers for networked resources. Various proposals for their implementation and other metadata standards, such as the Dublin Core, will be outlined and presented. As a consequence of citing, that is, including pointers via names becoming more consequential, citation is now longer taking for granted, as it is in the print world, but may become matter of dispute. A naming system is a structure for assigning names to information objects following a set of policies. Naming system is concerned with the structure and the properties of names.
Resolution is concerned with getting from the name to an instance of the named object.
How to communicate about names Naming systems are more basic. Resolution depends on technology, could be provided by third party. Assigning a name makes a statement about whether two things are the same or different. This depends on the user. For scholarly use, the two objects are the same if hardback and paperback have the same pagination, as is usually the case for scholarly books.