Complications from misplacement of the bone-transfixing threaded pins do occur. The superficial branch of the radial nerve, the lateral antebrachial nerve and the extensor tendons are the structures at greatest risk. Supported by cadaver and clinical studies several authors have suggested that percutaneous placement of threaded pins for external fixators in the forearm is unsafe. In 1983, Cooney 4 advocated one such percutaneous technique. He placed the first radial pin 8 cm proximal to the radial styloid.
Many surgeons advocate the full open approach.
An incision at least 1 cm is made and the nerves and tendons are identified and formally protected. To our knowledge, no one has adequately evaluated the safety of the limited open technique. The purpose of this descriptive anatomic study was to evaluate the safety of the limited approach in cadaver specimens. Schanz threaded pins and a universal chuck handle. The technique used was intended to simulate the clinical situation in the operating room.