The first character indicates whether the name specified on the far left of that line is a file or a directory. For example, emacsmodes, en174, en195 and en196 are all directories, as indicated by the d on the far left of each line. Try these commands and do a ls -l to see any changes in the permissions. Follow the instructions there and then repeat the password change procedure. Applications are located in various specific directories in the network file system.
Most large applications consist of many smaller programs and data files.
To start an application, you have to type the name of the executable. The path of the application must be located in the .xinitrc file. The path is simply the directory where the executable is located. Most user accounts have their .xinitrc files pre-configured. Whenever you print a file, it is sent into the print queue.