Lakes fill a few volcanic craters and calderas. Soils Dominant soils are Typic Haplocryands and Typic Vitricryands. Most soils formed in deposits of volcanic ash or cinders over basaltic bedrock. Bare rock and rubble occur on volcanic cones, peaks, and high ridgetops. Volcanic material generally grades from coarse to fine with increasing distance from active volcanoes.
Organic soils occupy depressions and some broad valley bottoms.
Vegetation Vegetation cover at higher elevations and on windswept areas consists of dwarf scrub communities dominated by willow or crowberry. Mesic graminoid herbaceous and dry graminoid herbaceous communities occur at lower elevations and in protected sites. Low scrub communities grow in bogs having thick peat deposits. Willow dwarf scrub communities are dominated by Salix arctica, S. rotundifolia, and S. ovalifolia. Crowberry dwarf scrub communities are dominated by Empetrum nigrum.