Transformation is a laboratory curiosity easily shown with Pseudomonas, but is not thought to be a clinically relevant process by which resistance occurs. The replica plate experiment is rationalized based on transformation. The year is now 2050. The majority of Staph strains are still susceptible to Pen G. Staph are intrinsically resistant to Pen G. Staph are acquiring resistance to Pen G through mutation. Staph are acquiring resistance to Pen G through transduction.
Most mutations confer a beneficial biochemical trait to the bacterial cell.
Generally, the antibiotic both mutates and selects in causing the emergence of a resistant strain of bug. Mutations are transferred vertically. An in vitro test which has no application to the use of antibiotics in living systems. Equivalent to the trough concentration of antibiotic achieved in the serum after normal doses. P. aeruginosa 2.