Thankfully, there are solutions targeted directly toward this problem. Translation solutions geared toward SNA to IP integration are now widely available. These seven layers regulate the nuts and bolts of networking and, while crucial to networking topology, are not critical to a basic understanding of the way computers, peripheral and their users interact in the networked world. Just remember that the protocols described below fall into the seven layer model. Physical limitations Beyond the OSI model, networking is regulated by the physical transmission medium over which the digital signals are carried.
Physics dictates that signals degrade over distance.
Think of your car radio. When you leave the city for the country, you leave the familiar stations programmed into your radio. If you could build an extremely sensitive antenna and mount it on your car, you could minimize this problem. And this limitation impacts networks by limiting the distance computers can be placed from one another. If your network uses fiber optical cable, your network resources can stretch for several kilometers.