The key role of NATO in European security has created both opportunities and dilemmas for the former neutrals. On the other hand, many people in these countries still value to a degree their country's nonalignment.
Political elites are divided concerning how to advance their country's interests in the new setting.
None of the five is likely to ask for NATO membership before several East European governments are admitted. But their position outside the Alliance could appear increasingly anomalous if Central and East European states begin joining NATO over the next few years. When contemplating NATO enlargement, Members of Congress might wish to consider how the enlargement process might affect decisions by the former neutrals concerning their relationship to, and potential membership in, the Alliance. Both decided that a position of foreign policy and defense neutrality would continue to serve their interests in the Cold War as it had before. Two others viewed neutrality as the way to protect or regain their sovereignty after the war.