Discuss similarities and differences among the four schedules of reinforcement. Shaping is the successive approximation of the desired behavior by the subject who has each approximation reinforced Negative reinforcement is the withdrawal of an aversive consequence in response to the performance of the desired behavior Escape Conditioning Avoidance Conditioning Describe how learned helplessness is acquired. Learning that consequences are inescapable the subject gives up. Explain the dangers in the use of punishment. Explain the guidelines for the use of punishment.
Negative reinforcement is the removal of an aversive condition.
Describe two important differences between classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning controls more involuntary bevaviors of the autonomic nervous system. Operant controls more of the somatic. Distinguish between stimulus discrimination and stimulus generalization. Discrimination means that the more similar the stimulus the more likely the response.