Pulmonologists are concerned with diseases of the lungs and airway and can diagnose and treat pneumonia, cancer, pleurisy, asthma, occupational diseases, bronchitis, sleep disorders and emphysema. These physicians test lung function, examine the bronchial airways and prescribe and monitor mechanical breathing technology. Many pulmonary disease experts also specialize in critical care. Radiologists diagnose and treat problems by using X-rays, nuclear imaging devices, radioactive substances, ultrasound and magnetic resonance. A radiologist is seen only on referral by another physician.
Rheumatologists are concerned with diseases of joints, muscles, bones and tendons.
They diagnose and treat arthritis, back pain, muscle strains, common athletic injuries and collagen diseases. These physicians work closely with other specialists such as physical therapists and orthopedic surgeons. Sports medicine specialists are physicians who care for injuries to bones, muscles, tendons and ligaments caused by participation in athletic activity. Surgery may be done to diagnose illness, remove or repair tissue, repair injuries or correct malfunctioning parts. Urologists specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra and male reproductive organs.