The bacteria releases a powerful toxin that is responsible for the symptoms.
Risk factors are antibiotic usage and history of previous pseudomembranous colitis.
The incidence is 1 out of 1,000 people. Ampicillin is the most common antibiotic associated with this disease in children. Pseudomembranous colitis is rare in infants less than 12 months old because of the presence of protective maternal antibodies . Therapy with metronidazole or vancomycin may be initiated. Rehydration with oral electrolyte solutions or intravenous therapy may be indicated to replace fluids lost by diarrhea .