Relate dominance and recessivity, or lack thereof, to enzyme concentration and reaction rates in a biochemical pathway. Explain how Benzer used deletion mutants and point mutants of the phage to arrange them in a linear array, and relate position of the mutants to their functional relationships. The way we know about a genotype is by seeing a phenotype. A fundamental concept is that the genotype, hidden from direct view, codes a message. This is the primary structure, and all other properties of a protein are derived from this primary structure.
Proteins have many functions, however.
They may be structural elements in an organism, or enzymes that catalyze reactions in the organisms, or controlling elements that affect other biochemical functions, including switching genes on and off. Table 12-1 in your text summarizes these connections. Results in the folding of the polypeptide chain. A gene codes for a trait, with mutations producing different alleles. When different alleles are arranged in genotypes, they produce different phenotypes.