A wide variety of flora and fauna populates the coastal regions. Evening temperatures differ widely from day temperatures, reaching freezing in the winter months. Anatomy Most desert plants are considered anatomically xeromorphic, meaning they display certain characteristics that aid in adaptation to dry climates. Welwitschia , however, displays leaf surface area and gas exchange mechanisms more typical of tropical plants. Gas exchange is completed by small pores in the leaf surface called stomata.
Most desert plants have few stomata on the bottom side of the leaf, protected by deep depressions.
Consequently, Welwitschia leaves are also relatively thin, as the plant does not need to store the large quantities of water that gives other desert plants their succulence. Of particular relevance to cultivators is Welwitschia's deep taproot. The root extends into the sand for several meters. Previously thought of as a water seeking mechanism, the taproot is now considered largely an anchor to help the plant withstand desert winds. Many fibrous roots lay near the ground surface to facilitate fog absorbtion.