We need to locate suitable spawning areas with holding water close by. Steelhead spawn on pea-sized gravel that has a consistent flow of clean, cold water over it. Fish will return to the same areas year after year if no significant changes occur in the river bottom. Holding waters are deeper runs or pools where the fish can feed and rest. Steelhead often spend the majority of their time in holding areas, so learning to locate and fish these places is imperative for consistent success.
Much steelhead fishing occurs for fish that are visible on spawning gravel.
Some anglers feel it is unsportsmanlike to target spawning fish and concentrate on fishing holding areas. The choice is up to you. Spawning fish are not active feeders, but will hit a fly out of instinct. They will fight gamely, but not with the vigor of a non-spawning fish. Fish taken out of holding lies are active feeders, take a fly readily and will provide the spectacular antics steelhead are noted for.