Bamboo is a grass. Once that idea settles in, and you get used to the fact that it is really tall, really tough grass, you will know which one to choose and how to take care of it. Some grasses move aggressively by stolons, like St. Augustine. Other grasses creep, like Bahia. It's the same with bamboo.
Runners start earlier than the clumpers.
A more permanent way to corral these wayward rhizomes is to sink a barrier into the soil around the planting site. You can use sheet metal, bricks, concrete or even 40-mil high density polyethylene. Make sure the barrier is at least 30 inches deep. While most bamboo roots are within a foot of the top of the soil, if they run into an impediment, they will try to burrow under it. You could try digging a narrow foot-deep trench around your bamboo thicket, and clip off runners as they try to bridge that gap.