There is a small amount of 'pure' research being done by universities. All branches of science have sprouted new branches. Expertise in Engineering, mechanical expertise, and systems expertise is a natural outgrowth of the industrial revolution which is in full swing. Role of Transportation costs are a fraction of what they were before. Commerce Distribution Networks, both physical and electronic, make possible nation wide distribution of books, newspapers, magazines, etc.
Many large corporations support or buy research.
Carnagie begins building his libraries, and other Millionaires follow suit. Role of Government is in sympathy with the monopolies that are growing, even Government in the areas of books and newspapers. It is a 'cozy' relationship. Neither is overly critical of the power of the other. The government supports only minimal amounts of research.