These become secondary o cytes usually one by one after puberty when hormones trigger ovulation . It takes place mostly in the ovaries of humans and other animals. Bacteria and blue-green algae are prokaryotes. See eukaryotic cell . These chains are twisted and folded back on themselves in complex patterns.
Proteins can serve a wide variety of functions through their ability to bind to other molecules.
Proteins may be enzymes , hormones, antibodies, structural components, or gas transporting molecules. These changes are genetically controlled and triggered by hormones. This results in sperm and ova with greater genetic diversity. Specifically, a portion of a chromosome is broken and reattached on another chromosome. Recombination is also referred to as crossing-over .