A most important first step to legitimate participation. But too frequently the emphasis is on a one way flow of information. No channel for feedback. But Arnstein still feels this is just a window dressing ritual. It allows citizens to advise or plan ad infinitum but retains for power holders the right to judge the legitimacy or feasibility of the advice.
Power is in fact redistributed through negotiation between citizens and power holders.
Planning and decision-making responsibilities are shared e.g. through joint committees. 7 Delegated power. Citizens holding a clear majority of seats on committees with delegated powers to make decisions. Public now has the power to assure accountability of the programme to them. 8 Citizen Control.