Gene regulation requires far more DNA in a eukaryote than does the coding of all the polypeptides that are required for the structures, life support, and metabolism of the organism. An organism with an error in the regulation system is likely to be far more abnormal than one with an error in a protein. Assume that glucose is absent and lactose is present. Prokaryotes have one initiation site for DNA replication, while eukaryotes have many initiation sites. Relate this feature of eukaryotes to the patterns of rate and timing of replication seen in the S-phase of cell division.
Mutations come in many varieties.
However, the processes of mutation are essential to the well being of individuals and species. Mutations can be part of speciation, the process of forming new species. Propose a mechanism involving the chromosome scaffolding. Describe how incidence of cancer can be used as a biomonitoring criterion for presence of mutagenic toxins in the environment, even though the identity and location of the toxins is unknown. Transforming the coded information in genes into a polypeptide involves precise molecular communication of several kinds.