Microbial activity is reduced because the residue will take up nutrients as part of its decomposition process. Thus, nutrients are no longer available for the plants' growth. Residue provides food and a cool, moist environment which favors some diseases, such as Pythium root rot. Applied herbicides can be less effective due to delayed germination of weed and volunteer crop seeds. A loss in effective weed management, time, labor and equipment resources and income can ensue.
Residue build-up provides pests, such as rodents, with cover and protection from predators.
Some growers have made their own modifications. Commercial spreaders and flail systems are available for most combine models. A good residue distribution system will provide financial returns to the producer through higher yields and lowered input costs. Producers can obtain more information from equipment dealers, Cooperative Extension, and private fabricators. The new labeling standards will be announced in April 2000 to be implemented by April 2001.