In southern California, this species is more abundant in rocky habitats, inland from the coast. It also inhabits rocky hillsides and alluvial deposits in the desert. The Speckled Rattlesnake is not often seen in coastal areas. Like many other snakes, this species tends to be diurnal in cool weather, and nocturnal during hot weather. Speckled rattlers are alert and often quick to rattle when disturbed.
Prey consists of small mammals, lizards, and occasionally birds.
Mating occurs in spring, and 3 to 11 live young are born in late summer. There are no proposed conservation plans. Because of widespread negative attitudes towards snakes, very few conservation programs, worldwide, have been created. A much higher percentage of snakes are threatened with extinction than is currently recognized. Therefore, snakes are particularly suspectible to being overlooked by conservation-minded biologists.