One mechanism for NOM removal is through adsorption to the solid surface. Not all of the NOM adsorbs to the solids that we provide. The more hydrophobic natural organic molecules can be precipitated. If we are interested in the removal of endocrine disruptors through a standard coagulation process, this is the most likely mechanism. Adsorption to a metal solid that is provided would work best.
Membrane filtration is a rapidly emerging technology for particle removal and pathogen control.
Low-pressure membrane processes such as microfiltration and ultrafiltration will not remove organic matter. In order to do that, smaller pore sizes are necessary along with higher-pressure membrane processes. The difference in costs between nanofiltration and RO, and microfiltration and ultrafiltration is substantial. It is possible to combine coagulation and a low-pressure microfiltration process and get NOM removal. It isn't an all or nothing situation.