The rampart dates from 1698-1701 fortification program of Mazeppa and Peter I against Ottoman or Swedish invasion. The original was destroyed during Mongol attack in 1240. Another view of the Great Gate. The opera house, named for Shevchenko, built 1899-1901 by architect, V. O. Shreter and scene of the assassination of Minister Stolipin. Kiev city train station.
Railroads are the best functioning systems in all former USSR republics.
St Andrew church, another view. St Andrew church, another view. Yaroslav's tomb in inside. Original section is modeled after Hagia Sophia's in Constantinople. Inside is iconostasis of 1754 sophia3 Entrance gate bell tower - the cathedral was heavily damaged during the Mongol attack and again during Polish occupation.