In addition the mineral composition of the sediments is affected by the chemistry of the currents. E.g., deep-sea water that is undersaturated with respect to carbonate will dissolve that mineral and it will not preserved to the rock record. The movements of the air and oceans, the topography of the continents, and to some extent the vegetation of the planet's surface all govern the distribution of precipitation. On the grand scale precipitation patterns are arranged in latitudinal bands that reflect atmospheric movement. Where air rises, it cools, causing moisture to fall out of the air mass as precipitation.
Mountain ranges disrupt air movement in several ways.
They divert air upward, cooling it and causing rain to fall on the windward slopes. After the air passes over the crest of a range it lacks moisture. Oregon and Washington is caused by the north-south trending Cascade Range. Because the parent rock weather differently in a wet or dry regime. E.g., feldspars are more readily preserved in drier climates, so arkoses form more readily.