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Mono Lake drink the hyperosmotic medium to gain water lost by osmosis.
The larvae take most of the sulfate ions ingested into the hemolymph at the midgut. The Malpighian tubules and rectum do not contribute significantly to sulfate transport in this insect. The colon, particularly the anterior half, shows sulfate transport capacities exceeding those required to remove the sulfate from the hemolymph. The results of anoxic and cyanide experiments suggest that the colon epithelium does not have a high passive permeability to sulfate ions. It is clear, therefore, that the very impressive capacities of these larvae to osmoregulate in water containing more than 150 mM sulfate reside in their ability to move sulfate from the midgut into hemolymph and then to rapidly remove this sulfate from the hemolymph.