The user is certified by a login. The email file is stored at the ISP site on shared media. Email authors often have more than one machine, perhaps a desktop at home, a desktop in the office, and a laptop for the road. Lotus Notes and IMAP servers make it convenient for all of these machines to handle a single user's email. They allow email and other files, to be replicated .
Replication is really duplication with some scheme for having all copies being synchronized.
For instance, if the author starts an email on one machine and then wants to edit it on another, the system will attempt to provide the latest copy for editing. The replication process requires some cooperation from the user, but apparently the ritual is easy enough to learn that these systems are quite popular. The important point is that in these systems, as in the case with Netmail and WEBmail, the users files are stored on a shared media machine that is subject to being read by numerous schemes that we discuss in the next few paragraphs. Once email is composed it is sent across the Internet, mostly in clear text, where it can be compromised by a variety of methods that we discuss below. The Tools for Privacy Violation Email privacy violation is a very easy process.