You may assume the volume of the vapor is much greater than the volume of any condensed phase. Raoult's law assumes all intermolecular interactions in a solution are identical. The entropy of mixing is always positive. The Gibbs energy of mixing is always negative. In general, partial molar volume depends on composition.
More volatile substances have lower boiling temperatures.
The boiling temperature of two immiscible liquids is lower than that of either liquid alone. Ideally, a colligative property does not depend on the identity of a solute. Relating K and reaction extent at equilibrium . Consider the two-state system depicted below. Consider the two-component diagram below, starting with a liquid mixture of composition .