Such complications include fractures, vertebral collapse, spinal cord compression, and the need for radiation or surgery to the bone. Studies have shown that pamidronate is able to keep a patient free of skeletal complications up to six months longer than patients who did not receive pamidronate. Although pamidronate reduces complications, it does not have any significant effect on survival rates. In preliminary studies, pamidronate has also been shown to reduce bone pain in both multiple myeloma and metastatic breast cancer. However, this is as yet a use that has not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration and further study is needed.
Osteoclasts are bone cells, which break down bone tissue.
In normally functioning bones, these cells are followed by cells that lay down new tissue. However, in multiple myeloma and metastatic breast cancer this relationship is unbalanced and the bone tissue is broken down too quickly. Biphosphonates, such as pamidronate, prevent the maturation and formation of the osteoclasts, thus preventing bone resorption. At least one study reported similar outcomes with doses of 60 milligrams intravenously over 2-4 hours monthly. Studies conducted have shown that pamidronate is well tolerated.