These individuals would probably consider N. rnarmoratus and N. brevis to be pests. Nonetheless, although the direct impact of feeding on horticultural plantings of purple loosestrife may be important to a few individual horticulturists, these impacts are not expected to be significant even on a local scale, especially considering the positive environmental impacts associated with feeding by N. marmoratus and N. brevis on pest populations of purple loosestrife. Indirect effects are those impacts associated with damage or mortality caused to individuals or populations of purple loosestrife. The reduction of L. salicaria is expected to increase land use by wildlife and open infested wetlands to a more productive environmental role. The reduction of chemical herbicides used to control the plant will have a positive effect on soil and water quality.
Purple loosestrife is used by honey bees, but is considered of minor importance as a nectar source.
Since these agents will not eliminate purple loosestrife populations, L. salicaria can still provide a source of nectar. Potential indirect effects caused by feeding of N. marmoratus and N. brevis on horticultural plantings of Lythrum spp. D. Endangered and Threatened Species Releases of N. marmoratus and N. brevis are not expected to have any direct impact on endangered or threatened species. There are no species in the Family Lythraceae listed by the Federal government as endangered or threatened. Although purple loosestrife has become established in various North American ecosystems, it is an aggressive nonindigenous pest with negative environmental impacts.