After making a very critical drop, even on the smallest days, the shoulders are very often pretty soft which allows one to perform a full repertoire of moves. The depth of water covering the reef differs at each spot in regards to numerous variables such as lunar cycle, height of the reef and both swell direction and size. With the exception of 3-4 spots, all waves are surfable at high tide only. Generally, enough water is present to safely surf three hours before and after high tide. Abrasions, contusions and sometimes lacerations are very commonplace.
Many locals wear protective helmets and a few even wear booties.
These relatively cheap additions to your surfing gear are a good idea and well advised. Remember, when in doubt about a new spot make sure you check with the locals for information regarding depth and swell conditions. The equipment needed to surf in Okinawa is pretty status quo for anywhere else in the world. The waves are pretty unique and if you have some boards shaped especially for Okinawa you will surely benefit, but generally speaking any type of board will work. Shortboards are usually the go due to consistent surf in the knee to head high category.