Most municipal areas have a company which publishes a business journal.
In Seattle, it's the Puget Sound Business Journal, and the lists it compiles are published annually as the Book of Lists. Many public libraries have a copy of this Puget Sound Business Journal Book of Lists. In it you get not only the list of corporations, but their basic financial data, their address, their CEO's name, and more. Once you have the corporation's name, the headquarters and branch offices can often be found in the telephone book. Addresses and phone numbers nationwide or statewide can be found in the Internet directories.