Research is needed to unprove procedures for emergency plan- ning and management for infrastructure systems. A computer model of the San Francisco water supply system was developed with support from the National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research and the National Science Foundation. The model, which was implemented at Comell University, was used to secure public support for system upgrades, including special vehicles which each carry nearly a mile of hosing and above-ground hydrants. The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake cut all pipeline inflow of water to the Marina District, as predicted by computer simulations. Using the special vehicles, fire was stopped before it could spread to acIjacent blocks, thereby saving lives and substantial property loss.
Research is neecled to improve procedures for emergency planning and management of infrastructure.