Mean annual temperature ranges from 46 to 52 degrees F, mean annual precipitation from 28 to 45 inches, and mean growing season from 120 to 180 days. These are the Agawan, Amboy , Arkport , Collamer , Colonie , Deerfield , Dunkirk , Junius , Merrimac , Niagara , Ninigret , Oakville , Plainfield , Stafford , Wallington , and Williamson soils. Agawam , Colonie, Merrimac, Oakville and Plainfield soils are better drained. Amboy, Arkport, Collamer, Dunkirk, Niagara, Williamson, and Wallington soils are on nearby landscapes and formed in finer textured deposits. Junius and Stafford soils are more poorly drained.
Ninigret soils have a cambic horizon.
Moderately well drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible to low. Permeability is moderately rapid in the surface layer and rapid in the subsoil and substratum. Most areas are used for growing small grains, corn, hay, tree fruits, small fruits and vegetables. Native vegetation is sugar maple, northern red oak, white ash, black cherry, beech, hemlock, and white pine.