Spaniards slay 20,000 Aztecs. Dashiel Hammett sentenced to six months imprisonment for refusing to cooperate with anticommunist inquiry. Washington State Labor Council formed. Mary McLeod Bethune, black educator and activist, born. Eight black prisoners killed in Georgia for refusing to work in swamp without boots.
Racial riots erupt in Chicago and Cleveland.
Birth of folk singer Woody Guthrie. The Longest Walk, transcontinental walk for Native American justice, arrives in Washington D.C. from Alcatraz Island, Calif., with 30,000 marchers. A longshoreman's strike spreads to become a two-day general strike paralyzing the San Francisco area and leading to a successful settlement. Riots break out in Harlem, New York, after a police officer shoots an unarmed black youth, in the first of a series of summer racial riots in Brooklyn, Rochester, Paterson, Elizabeth, Newark, Philadelphia and suburban Chicago. Martha Tranquill jailed nine months for tax refusal over Vietnam War, Sacramento, California.