Soonkwon India Old Age Pension Scheme, initiated since 1957 in all Indian states, transfers monthly payments to the needy aged. Kerala pension for windows. There is limited coverage of the poor due to general fear of bureaucracy by the intended beneficiaries and a limited awareness of the existence of the program. Targeted to widows. Major problems exist as local political elites appear to influence the selection process of the beneficiaries.
Men benefit more than women.
It also supports the poor. Also intended beneficiaries may not have resources and knowledge to apply. There may be labor supply disincentive effects. Korea Transfers to the ultra poor. Means tests are carried out by administrative staff of local governments in urban areas while they are done for rural residents by administrative officials with the help of community leaders.