There are several different types of testicular cancers. The most common type is seminoma, followed by embryonal carciroma, teratocarcinoma, teratoma and pure carcinoma. The type of tumor determines its biological behavior, thus, is important in making treatment recommendations. Some testicular tumors produce proteins, which can be detected in the blood called tumor markers. If testicular tumors are removed and thereis persistent elevation of one of these tumor markers then one has to assume that there is tumor remaining in the patient.
Most patients notice a mass or a pain or swelling in one testicle.
Five percent of patients may have swelling of breast due to a hormonal affect from the tumor. It is not unusual to have small lumps in the epididymis, which is a tube adjacent to the testicle, which helpstransport sperm, however, any unusual mass should be evaluated by physician. An ultrasound examination of the scrotum and testicle is the most reliable technique to evaluate for testicular tumors. Early detection is important, so monthly self-examination is recommended. This is the best done in a warm shower and any suspicious areas examined by a physician.