Respiratory Care Because respiratory problems are extremely common in people with brain injuries, airway control and mechanical ventilation are often a major focus in early treatment. Early aggressive control of the airway, adequate ventilation, and oxygenation have been demonstrated to improve outcome. There are several techniques of mechanical ventilation that can be utilized. Artificial airways are another way to provide adequate respiratory care. Tracheostomies are indicated when prolonged ventilation is anticipated, when airway control is required to prevent aspiration or to relieve upper airway obstruction.
Respiratory therapy has various functions for the person in a coma.
Oxygen therapy might be administered if the person requires it. Chest physiotherapy is used to help mobilize secretions from the lower respiratory tract. This involves a combination of percussion, vibration, postural drainage, and coached coughing. Suctioning is used to clear secretions from the pharynx, and should only be performed when needed for people who have endotracheal tubes or tracheostomy tubes in place. Abnormal reflexes and reactions cause a pathologic increase in muscle tone and abnormal posturing of the trunk and extremities.