Petroleum is derived from the fossil remains of marine creatures. Dinosaur bones and petrified wood are examples of fossil fuels. All fossil fuels are expected to be exhausted in the next 100 years. California has current forms of energy derived from wind, geothermal, biomass, and solar resources. One gram of the isotope 235Uranium is capable of releasing energy equal to 14 barrels of oil or 3 tons of coal.
Nuclear reactors utilize the process of fission.
Montana and Wyoming hold most of the natural gas reserves in the U.S. 40. South Africa has over two thirds of the worlds reserves of aluminum. Manufactured gas is produced from petroleum. Water contracts upon freezing. Depending on the climate, soils require hundreds to thousands of years to form.