They were also kept outside to sun. Waterproofing is another area that has seen fast development. There is a need for consistent access to water when oiled and cleaned. This benefits the birds in many ways, including keeping the feathers clean from guano, providing physical exercise and stimulating preening and normal behaviour. Efficient and thorough washing are essential in order to move the birds through the system quickly.
Proper nutrition is also a key element.
Force feeding, box feeding and free feeding are the three feeding techniques for penguins that are proven to work. Ideally a bird must eat up to five fish a day, but there was not enough time and manpower for this. Therefore, the box feeding method was developed that works like a cattle shoot. The birds are put in boxes and taught to feed when they want food. They learn to identify the boxes with food.