Effectors include the internal organs and organ systems that the animal uses to control its internal environment.
Microtubules create the small movements of cilia and flagella.
The central structure of a cilium or a flagellum is called the axoneme . The axoneme contains a ring of nine pairs of microtubules. Microtubules - hollow tubes formed by a polypeptide called tubulin. Other proteins in the axoneme form side arms or cross-links. Side arms are composed of a protein called dynein.