To investigate lumped carbon film resistors and their tolerance specifications. To investigate voltage sources. The multimeter is the most commonly used instrument for engineers, technicians and electricians making electrical measurements. Originally electrical work required multiple instruments for voltage, current and resistance. Earlier multimeters used analog needles to indicate values, newer models use digital displays.
Resistors are the simplest and most common circuit component.
Resistors are mass produced and typically sell for under 1 cent. But, the production process is not precise, so the resistor values have tolerance values. The value indicated on the resistor is the nominal value, and the actual value will vary statistically about the nominal value. The tolerance band should contain approximately 3 standard deviations of the values. Resistor values are indicated using colored bands read from one side to the other.