However, there is usually more time in the fall for manure applications than in the spring. In addition, the soil is often quite firm and dry at this time. If compaction does occur, winter freezing and thawing of the soil can offset the damage. Summer application is suitable for pastures, forage crops and summerfallow. Additional care should be exercised when applying manure to summerfallow since these fields usually release enough nitrate-nitrogen during the summer to meet the next year's crop demands.
Nitrates are more prone to leaching from light-textured soils.
In order to reduce the risk of runoff entering surface water, a buffer area is necessary to absorb the runoff and prevent it from travelling downslope. The effectiveness of a buffer depends upon factors such as soil conditions and application rate. Good judgement must be used in all cases to ensure that runoff cannot enter water sources. Table 6 should be used as a guideline for application setbacks from watercourses and wells. The field slope must be considered when applying manure.