It may be possible to transfer licenses from those who do not use them to those who do, thus saving the company thousands or even millions of dollars in unnecessary compliance expenditures and ensuring that the company is paying only for those licenses it actually uses. As your article points out, however, managing licenses can be a tricky task, especially in large and far-flung organizations. The best way to both keep an organization in compliance with software licenses and eliminate unnecessary, fear-based expenditures is to measure actual software usage across the company. With Survey Technology Manager, IT managers can easily determine which licenses are being used and which are not, and save money and comply with the law by transferring unused licenses to those who need them.
Open source has no such problems.
Circuit switching does not scale. The only solution to the vast number of connections needed in the future is to abandon the maintenance of any state information in the center of the network and perform all admission and other enforcement at the edge. The technologies to enforce quality of service at the edge on congested links are available today. To do it the other way just reinvents the voice network. Also, no classes are necessary to achieve any of the Cisco certifications-the classes may be helpful, but are not a requirement.