Unfortunately, too many doctors rely on old prescribing habits. Social isolation and loneliness. More likely to be widowed. Physical and psychological difficulties in functioning independently. Financial hardship, and little or no earning power.
Researchers disagree on the association between the menopause and an increased risk of depression.
Research in genetics, neuro and sociobiology may help uncover new answers. In addition, more research on the differing effects of medications and drug interactions on older people in general and women in particular may reveal some important contributing factors. Because of the way femininity has traditionally been defined, women may feel inhibited from speaking with authority, showing assertiveness or anger openly, or directing, organising or carrying out a function energetically. As a result, women often suppress these feelings and behaviours, which can contribute to depression. This is particularly true for mid life and older women, most of whom have been socialised to be dependent.