In addition it is increasingly important to monitor the composition of effluent gases and water. For example, Clarksville's Pasminco Zinc, which produces about 110,000 tons of zinc per year employs about a half dozen BS chemists to meet its analytical needs. It employs no Ph.D. chemists because it does not have a chemical research and development laboratory. Companies that have a large product line of organic and inorganic chemicals typically have centralized research and development laboratories which employ Ph.D., M.S. and B.S. chemists. Production facilities of these companies will also employ M.S. or B.S. analytical chemists.
Pharmaceutical companies employ chemists of all educational levels.
Small companies that have a chemical component often use independent laboratories to perform analytical work rather than maintaining a lab themselves. Nashville has several such labs that utilize a wide variety of analytical methods. These labs hire all educational levels of chemists. For example, Tennessee uses chemists in the TBI forensics labs, in the agricultural labs, and in the environmental labs. B.S. chemistry majors with appropriate education courses can teach in high schools.