Classical conditioning is involuntary whereas operant conditioning is voluntary. Extinction means behavior is reduced or lessened to the point of stopping. Stimulus generalization means behaving similarly to similar stimuli. Reinforcement means behavior is more likely to occur. Negative and positive reinforcement mean a behavior is more likely to occur.
Punishment intends for behavior to be reduced or stoped.
It's effect may be somewhat unpredictable. The basic purpose of learning is to make us better able to adapt to changing circumstances. Storing material using a maximum number of associations is called elaboration. Mnemonic devices are intended to improve memory. If driving a standard transmission car helps you drive an automatic transmission car, there is positive transfer .