Its attempts to exploit the new sound technologies, however, are quite elementary. The portable Arriflex camera is introduced in Germany. George Valensi conceives of colour television. First standard commercial television broadcast. Frank Back develops the modern zoom lens, rendering an earlier version obsolete.
Open City illustrates Italian neo-realism.
The lightweight Cameflex camera is introduced in France. Cellulose nitrate is largely abandoned for film stock on account of its instability and volatility. The Academy Awards appear on television for the first time. Standards for colour television bradcast are adopted. Typically, television followed cinema's innovations, but Marty is the first award-winning film to be adapted from a televised play broadcast earlier.