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Mongolian herders are experiencing their worst winter in more than fifty years. This is more than twice the number of deaths compared to the same time last winter. As the winter progresses, environmental and physiological stress will worsen and the number of livestock deaths will increase exponentially. If the livestock death rate is not reduced then the immediate and medium-term effects on herder families, who are totally dependant on their livestock, will be catastrophic. The emergency measures are designed to reduce livestock deaths and the impoverishment and suffering of the herder families.