Since the oil crisis of 1973, developed countries have adopted energy efficient and cost-effective technologies. Switching to renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, and geothermal energy, is another improvement in conservation. In India, for instance, Development Alternatives, a nongovernmental organization, has designed a simple, adobe-like house that needs no air conditioning. Eliminate government subsidies for fossil fuels. Encourage energy efficiency programs in industry.
Most industrialized countries have voluntary programs to encourage energy efficiency at work sites.
Developing countries are starting such programs, too. China, for instance, has introduced worker bonuses for ideas that lead to more efficient energy use. Invest in public transportation. Encouraging public transportation as an alternative to individual vehicles in urban areas is difficult. But it is becoming increasingly needed as urban populations and vehicle use increase.