Income is equal to the population in production units. War is a continuation of policy by other means. It is not merely a political act but a real political instrument. The efficiency with which resources can be extracted from a given system. The process by which resource are extracted from systems.
Mining is performed by allocating colony spending for a given colony on mining.
The amount of resources generated by mining is dependent on the mining efficiency for that system. A type of ship used for defense. For each system, the amount of production tha must be spent every turn to maintain a colony there. Overhead spending is mandatory and automatic. Those things about a gamer that are persistent from game to game.