These clouds are caused by a wave wind pattern created by the mountains. They are also indicative of down-stream turbulence on the leeward side of a barrier. The level at which a parcel of saturated air becomes warmer than the surrounding air and begins to rise freely. This occurs most readily in a conditionally unstable atmosphere. A measure of atmospheric instability that is obtained by computing the temperature that the air near the ground would have if it were lifted to a higher level and comparing it to the actual temperature at that altitude .
Positive values indicate more stable air and negative values indicate instability.
The height at which a parcel of moist air becomes saturated when it is lifted dry adiabatically . A sudden and visible discharge of electricity produced in response to the build up of electrical potential between cloud and ground, between clouds, within a single cloud, or between a cloud and surrounding air . That part of the electromagnetic spectrum that contains visible light . A wave-shaped bulge in a line of thunderstorms . They constitute dry particles that hang suspended in the atmosphere, such as dust , smoke , sand , and haze .