Assessments of risk should use all relevant information necessary to characterize a potential health or environmental hazard. If an assessment does not include all relevant information, there should be a clear explanation of the reasons for such an omission and explicit judgments about the quality and weight of the evidence. Estimating risk should be based on clear definitions. Both quantitative and qualitative estimates of risk should be based on clear definitions of hazards, types and amount of exposures, the variability of response among affected populations, and effects over time. Claims about scientific certainty should be spelled out and sources given.
Risk assessment is an ongoing process that needs to carefully reflect the latest information.
Claims about scientific truths and consensus should, therefore, be made with caution. Assessments should clearly communicate sources, assumptions, limitations and uncertainties in the available scientific data. Risk considerations should be clearly communicated. Judgments of the seriousness of hazards should include quantitative estimates of risk and consideration of qualitative factors to enhance their understanding and use not only by scientists and policy-makers but also by the public. Risk-management plans and policies should include early opportunities for participation by a variety of interests.