Often presents with chronic retrobulbar HA exacerbated by eye movements. Also visual changes, diplopia, meningeal signs, and paresthesias. Exam may reveal papilledema and cranial nerve VI palsy. Usually other neurologic signs or symptoms help localize tumor. Obtain head CT with contrast or MRI for patients with chronic HA presenting with new symptoms or abnormal neurologic signs.
Most common symptom is nonspecific headache often with scalp or temporal artery tenderness.
Jaw claudication pathognomic. Elderly females at increased risk. Sedimentation rate elevated. Biopsy reveals arteritis. Acute effects of substance use.