Three problems discussed in this report are nitrate nitrogen, coliform bacteria and corrosivity. Most nitrate enters groundwater through human activities, such as fertilizer applications, faulty septic systems and sources of animal waste. Nitrate may cause blue baby disease in infants less than six months old. It has been implicated in miscarriages and certain birth defects. It also may show the need to check drinking water for other contaminants, such as pesticides.
Research also suggests nitrate harms aquatic life, such as trout fry and tadpoles.
Coliform bacteria usually suggest problems with well construction. It may indicate unsanitary conditions that can lead to certain intestinal illnesses and other problems. Corrosion may occur because some of the area's groundwater is naturally so soft and acidic that it can eat away at metal plumbing. Naturally occurring corrosive water can cause stomach aches, especially for children. If copper pipes are soldered with a solder containing lead, toxic lead may also be dissolved into the drinking water.