Integrating frameworks economize knowledge. An effective framework succinctly represents knowledge much as one picture represents 10,000 words. However, teaching them to memorize our frameworks won't work. Faculty must teach their students how to build their own economizing structures. We have already recommended teaching students how to build concept maps or compare and contrast tables .
Many undergraduate students are still concrete learners.
They must be taught to go beyond the concrete, tangible, and visual. They must be taught to think abstractly. Helping students to discover the underlying structure or first principles, not merely memorizing it, helps students to generalize their knowledge. The interactive lecture, or the lecture - discussion format, follows a simple format. Then the instructor delivers another mini-lecture.