The data is registered with a metadata clearinghouse using a common framework and access protocol. At this point, all three can search the clearinghouse to query for data they may find useful. A GIS analysis could result in the dentist discovering that patients with the poorest dental hygiene live in areas with higher than average chip sales and vice-versa. The census can apply a GIS to discover if dentists located in affluent areas charge their patients higher than average fees. Conclusion A GIS is a powerful framework that can make new decisions and new thinking possible, encompassing, layering and unifying many data sources to find new relationships.
Metadata standards increase the value of data by data sharing through time and space.
The key is developing a framework for GIS to prosper in. A high importance should be placed on data awareness and clear, concise, exhaustive documentation. US federal departments do not fund projects without proper metadata implementation and maintenance. People may come and go within an organization, but data should stay. An Introduction to Metadata Standards', Proceedings, EMAN 6th Annual National Science Meeting, January 2000, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.