These chromosomes play a significant role in the transmission of characters from parents to the offspring. These elements were named as factors by Mendle. Modern research in genetics has enabled us to know more about the actual mechanism behind the transmission of character from parents to the offspring. These three substances viz. In polyploid cells the DNA complement increases proportionately.
Mitosis brings about an equal distribution of DNA to daughter cells.
Structure of DNA is in tune with the fact that genes are arranged in a linear fashion in chromosomes. This is essential for the preservation and transmissions of genetic information from generation to generation. DNA is capable of controlling and regulating protein synthesis essential for expression of traits. DNA is known to be the most stable compound in a cell. Although relatively stable it is capable of change which enables the organism to evolve to meet new environmental situations.