Basic knowledge of plant taxonomy, ecology, and palaeoecology is highly desirable. The interpretation of macrofossil data using modern samples. Modern material - Core extrusion and sampling of the class site. Sample sieving, seed picking, identification. Birks, H. H. 1980.
Plant macrofossils in Quaternary lake sediments.
Quaternary Plant Ecology . Edward Arnold, London. Warner, B.G. 1988. Wasylikowa, K. 1986. Analysis of fossil fruits and seeds.