Many Iraqis flee to Jordan which makes them vulnerable to Jordanian intelligence services or involuntary return to Iraq. Refugees fleeing to Turkey are sent back. Iran hosts an extremely large number of Iraqi as well as Afghani refugees. Egypt has a number of Sudanese refugees on their hands. Criminal justice systems in the Middle East leave much to be desired.
Most nations have no independent judiciary or bicameral parliament.
Independent newspapers and magazines are virtually non-existent, and journalists are often harassed, arrested, or imprisoned. Intellectuals are persecuted as freedom of expression is restricted, even in university systems. In Muslim fundamentalist states like Iran revolutionary courts and special clergy courts are regularly used to deliver verdicts against protesters and reformers. Comprehensive international economic sanctions in place on Iraq have led to extreme hardships for the people there. Workers are ruthlessly exploited by employers in the Middle East, and women ordinarily don't have the right to work.