The original diagnosis or prognosis may have been incorrect. Scientifically trained physicians are not infallible. In other cases, the diagnosis may be correct but the time frame, which is inherently difficult to predict, might prove inaccurate. Temporary mood improvement can be confused with cure. Alternative healers often have forceful, charismatic personalities.
Psychological needs can distort what people perceive and do.
According to cognitive dissonance theory, when experiences contradict existing attitudes, feelings, or knowledge, mental distress is produced. Rather than admit to themselves or to others that their efforts have been a waste, many people find some redeeming value in the treatment. Core beliefs tend to be vigorously defended by warping perception and memory. Fringe practitioners and their clients are prone to misinterpret cues and remember things as they wish they had happened. They may be selective in what they recall, overestimating their apparent successes while ignoring, downplaying, or explaining away their failures.