Nash equilibria characterize the operating points of such networks.
Nash equilibria are generically inefficient and exhibit suboptimal network performance.
Focusing on routing, a methodology is devised for overcoming this deficiency, through the intervention of the network manager. The manager controls part of the network flow, is aware of the noncooperative behavior of the users and performs its routing aiming at improving the overall system performance. Achieving network optima using Stackelberg routing strategies. Doc 15 Capacity Allocation under Noncooperative Routing - Korilis, Lazar et al.