It is made of a sterile, apyrogenic single-use kit, with an outside volume of 250 to 500 cc. Filtration requires 2 accesses and higher flow rate. Now monitors are computer controlled and handler is assisted through the whole procedure. The patient safety is provided by pumps and manometric panels, air detectors.
PE reduce their activity but transiently, needing more often sessions associated to steroids.
PE are still submitted to discussion regarding each case or are still assessed through trials. Dau P. et al., J Rheumatol. Hamburger M. et al., Artif. Porter CG et al., Am. Zucchelli et al., Kidney Internat.