There are various methods of that can be utilized to achieve this end. Oral, injection and implanted contraceptives, as well as IUD or diaphragm and periodic abstinence can be a temporary yet effective way to avoid any unwanted pregnancy. However, these methods are not 100 percent fool proof, but they do afford a couple or individual to change their mind if they decide to continue to expand their family. For those who are absolutely sure that they are no longer going to add to their family unit, the most effective way to keep another pregnancy from occurring is to undergo a surgical procedure. Deciding on who undergoes the sterilization can be a difficult debate for some but quite simple for others.
Most women opt to take on the responsibility by having tubal ligation especially postpartum.
However, a vasectomy is an option that the male can elect to do, if he so chooses. It is a less risky procedure for the male to undergo. One in 1000 women does have some sort of complication from surgery but most can be treated. However, the risk of pregnancy is greatly reduced because menstruation and ovulation is often suppressed. The decision should be based on the permanency of the situation.