The golden plover uses Thamnolia vermicularis in its nests. More than 50 species of birds in North America are known to use lichens in nest building, and at least a couple of species, the spruce grouse and the wild turkey are reported to eat lichens. The olive-headed weaver in Madagascar makes its nests entirely from a lichen in the genus Usnea. It has camouflaged its sticky body with a coating of powdery lichen fragments. Lichen-camouflaged lacewing larvae are almost invisible except when they move around in their jittery little way.
Many small invertebrates use lichens for habitat and camouflage.