Though many findings did not reach statistical significance, we found several trends. We did find that demographic variables were significantly related to participation level. The findings of this study, because of more complex analysis than had been employed in the previous study, turned up curious confounds. We pretested all students in an auditorium section of an introductory psychology course and two auditorium sections of an introductory economics course during the first week of the 1994 fall semester and posttested them during the last week of classes. Regular participants are students who attended four or more SI sessions during the term.
Occasional participants are students who attended one to three SI sessions.
Nonparticipants are students who did not attend any SI sessions. Findings Data did not support our hypotheses regarding the initial levels of affect. Nevertheless, we did find differences, which we call trends, consistent with the hypotheses. We found significant results for only two hypotheses regarding change in affective characteristics during the semester. Among freshmen, regular participants, as hypothesized, did not experience any statistically significant changes in locus of control relative to nonparticipants and occasional participants.