Those wronged deserve compensation. Preferential treatment is an appropriate form of compensation for black people. Therefore, black people deserve preferential treatment. Some blacks have escaped discrimination and its effects and so do not deserve compensation. We cannot be sure that black people have been wronged, because we cannot be sure that their under-representation in certain desirable positions is the result of discrimination.
Preferential treatment is unfair to young white males.
The argument is founded on a suspect principle, the principle of utility.