Some experts contend that the breed naturally developed from a group of sheepdogs that migrated to the Caucasus from Tibet. More recent archaeological findings point to breed origins in Mesopotamia. What is known for certain is that herdsmen in the mountains of Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Daghestan, and surrounding countries, and the steppe regions of the northern Caucasus, have for centuries depended on the Caucasian Mountain Dog to guard flocks and villages. Legends are written of the breed's faithfulness, protectiveness, and ferocity when called upon to defend. Type varies geographically throughout the mountain range, and also varies according to the purpose for which the dogs were used.
Modern breeding conforms to a single standard.
In the United States, Caucasian Mountain Dogs have earned a reputation as trustworthy service dogs. The United Kennel Club recognized the Caucasian Mountain Dog in 1995. The Caucasian Mountain Dog is a powerful, athletic dog, strongly muscled, and well-boned in proportion to height. The body is slightly longer than tall. The thick tail hangs down to the hock but may be carried above the back as a sickle-shaped hook or ring when the dog is excited or moving.