The mucosal layer is the innermost tissue of the bladder. The epithelial tissue layer of the bladder consists of from five to seven strata of transitional epithelial cells, also called urothelial cells . The uppermost cells of the urothelium at the inner surface of the bladder, are knows as umbrella cells . Normally the bladder, like a great many other organizations and tissues of the body, contain some specialized cells knows as mast cells. Theses cells are especially present in connective tissue and often tend to aggregate near blood vessels.
Mast cells participate in allergic and inflammatory reactions in the body's tissues.
These substances are long polymeric molecules held closely to one another by interactions between their atoms, which bind GAGs into a continuous protective mucin film. An individual GAG unit consists, in turn, of these molecules, each derived from sugar glucose and bound chemically to one another. Because GAGs carry a negative electrical charge, the oxygen atoms of the sulfate groups that are chemically bound to many GAG units have a strong tendency to bind to the positively charges hydrogen atoms and water molecules. Functional Human Anatomy 4th ed. Urologic Pathology 2nd ed.