The physician who specializes in neurology is called a neurologist.
Neurological surgery encompasses disorders of the brain, meninges, skull, and blood supply.
The surgeon who specializes in neurological surgery is called a neurosurgeon, or neurological surgeon. The physician who specializes in orthopaedic surgery is called an orthopaedist, or orthopaedic surgeon. The physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation is called a physiatrist. Rheumatology Rheumatology is the branch of medicine that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis and other diseases of the joints, muscles, and bones. Rheumatic diseases cause inflammation in the connective tissue and in other parts of the body.