A doctor diagnoses neuropathy from symptoms and a physical exam. During the exam, the doctor may check muscle strength, reflexes, and sensitivity to position, vibration, temperature, and light touch. Nerve condition studies check the flow of electrical current through a nerve. With this test, an image of the nerve impulse is projected on a screen as it transmits an electrical impulse. Impulses that seem slower or weaker than usual indicate possible damage to the nerve.
Nerve biopsy involves removing a sample of nerve tissue, which is examined for damage.
This test is mot often used in research settings. Treatment aims at relieving discomfort and preventing further tissue damage. The first step is to bring blood sugar under control by diet and oral drugs or insulin injections, if needed. Although the symptoms can sometimes worsen as blood sugar is brought under control with intensive treatment, careful long-term monitoring of blood sugar helps reverse the pain or loss of sensation that neuropathy can cause. Good control of blood sugar with diet and, if necessary, drug therapy may also help prevent or delay the onset of further problems.