Plants require certain inorganic elements for growth and play an essential role in the circulation of these nutrients within the biosphere. Reproduction in flowering plants takes place sexually, resulting in the production of a seed. Reproduction can also occur via asexual propagation. Plants, like animals and many microbes, respire and utilize energy to grow and reproduce. Cell walls provide structural support for the plant and also provide fibers and building materials for humans, insects, birds and many other organisms.
Plants exhibit diversity in size and shape ranging from single cells to gigantic trees.
Plants are a primary source of fiber, medicines, and countless other important products in everyday use. Plants, like animals, are subject to injury and death due to infectious diseases caused by microorganisms. Plants have unique ways to defend themselves against pest and diseases. Water is the major molecule present in plant cells and organs. In addition to an essential role in plant structure, development, and growth, water can be important for the internal circulation of organic molecules and salts.