Throughout much of Alaska, Canada, and the contiguous United States, bog birch reproduction is primarily sexual.
Plants produce abundant, small seeds which are dispersed by wind.
Male flowers occur in narrow catkins that form in the summer, remain naked until the next spring, and then elongate and shed their pollen. Each samara contains a single seed. Samaras are dispersed principally in the fall by wind. This releases any remaining seed to fall on the snow. Permafrost prevents water percolation, which often results in the development of extensive muskegs and bogs.