The frost-free period ranges from 120 to 180 days. These are the Cardigan , Dutchess , Kearsarge , Mansfield , Nassau , Pittstown , Quonset , Stissing , and Warwick soils on nearby landscapes. Kearsarge and Nassau soils have a lithic contact within a depth of 20 inches. The moderately well drained Pittstown, the poorly drained Stissing, and the very poorly drained Mansfield soils are associated in a drainage sequence. Quonset and Warwick soils are on outwash plains, terraces, eskers, and kames.
Permeability is moderate in the solum and slow in the substratum.
Runoff is low to high. Cleared areas are used mainly for growing hay, pasture, silage, corn, and apples. Common trees in woodlots include sugar maple, beech, white birch, white pine, red maple, northern red oak, white oak, and hemlock. The series is of moderate extent, about 20,000 acres. Connecticut Valley Area, Connecticut-Massachusetts, 1903.