Mean annual temperatures range from 45 to 57 degrees F., and mean annual rainfall ranges from 35 to 45 inches. These include the Berks , Cavode , Dekalb , Muskingum , and Wharton soils. The Berks, Dekalb, and Muskingum soils do not have argillic horizons. Cavode soils have more than 35 percent clay. Wharton soils have low chroma mottles in the upper 24 inches of the argillic horizon.
Permeability is moderate.
Forests of hardwoods, mostly oaks, cover about one-fourth of the acreage. The soil occurs in the sandstone and shale areas of Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. It is extensive, with more than 100,000 acres. Indiana County, Pennsylvania, 1931.