It was a result of individual effort and skill, and reflected the unstinting commitment of the individual to their life's work. This concept of quality resonates with most faculty and parallels their relationship to their work. Quality as inspection. This idea of quality assurance as inspection and scrapping is an approach in disfavor in most sophisticated organizations because it wastes resources. Quality as quality circles .
Quality circles is an approach that has had great following in the past few decades.
This approach is often used in the administrative processes of universities with great success. Quality as engineering and design excellence . A fourth approach to quality is that of expert design, or engineering quality. In universities, the efforts at curriculum reform probably parallel this tradition. Quality as delighting the customer .