There are also many African and Iranian migrants and asylum-seekers. Two million people from southeast Turkey have been displaced by the conflict between PKK and government forces. Exports are dominated by textiles and textile goods, iron and steel. Principal imports are machinery, crude petroleum, iron and steel, transport vehicles and chemical products. More than two million Turks are migrant workers living mainly in western Europe.
Military service is compulsory.
The defence budget accounts for 13 per cent of gross national expenditure. In the past 36 years the Turkish military have overturned three governments, suspended three parliaments, hanged a prime minister and imprisoned thousands of civilians, some of whom are still in jail. Army officers still preside over civilian trials in state security courts. T he human rights picture in Turkey is bleak. Torture and ill-treatment have long been routine.