Yellow fever vaccine is recommended for travel to endemic areas and may be required before admission to the country is allowed. Meningococcal meningitis is endemic in much of sub-Saharan Africa and epidemic in Kenya and Tanzania. A risk of malaria exists in most countries. With the exception of Egypt, chloroquine resistance is very common. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends updating polio vaccinations for travel to developing countries.
Meningococcal vaccine is recommended for pilgrims to Mecca.
Proof of immunity may be required during the Hajj, before entry to Saudi Arabia is permitted. A risk of malaria exists in many areas. With the exception of some countries in the Middle East, chloroquine resistance is very common. In parts of Southeast Asia, mefloquine resistance may be a problem. Japanese encephalitis vaccine is recommended for travelers who will have prolonged exposure to rural areas in endemic zones.