While this Convention was a failure, it did represent the desire of a significant number of states to expand the scope of the definition. Due to the restrictive nature of the Geneva Convention, other regions of the world sought to formulate their own definitions and draft international protection instruments. It was envisioned that these instruments would protect those fleeing refugee generating circumstances not covered in previous Conventions. In the aftermath of decolonisation and independence insurrections, the Organisation of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa was adopted in 1969. The second paragraph of article 1 of the African Convention provides that the 'the term 'refugee' shall also apply to every person who, owing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his place of habitual residence in order to seek refuge in another place outside his country his country of origin or nationality'.
Protection is based on a collective basis.
However, asylum was to be granted on a temporary basis implying that refugees should return to their country of origin once events permit. Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa Latin America Refugee protection in Latin America predated the Geneva Convention. The first instruments of protection were the 1928 Havana Convention on Asylum, the 1933 Montevideo Convention on Political Asylum and the 1954 Caracas Conventions on Territorial Asylum and Diplomatic Asylum. However, these treaties became increasingly redundant as they did not cover events in the 1970's and 1980's. Thus, the 1984 Cartagena Declaration by the Organisation of American States.