Cystic Fibrosis is commonly diagnosed through observation of clinical signs such as chronic cough, wheezing, sinus infections, nasal polyps, excessive mucus production or frequent foul-smelling stools. Genetic testing can also identify Cystic Fibrosis. This is determined through examination of the amniotic fluid or placental tissue. The four commonly used treatments for the lung problems of Cystic Fibrosis are chest physical therapy, exercise, aerosols and antibiotics. It is often combined with bronchial drainage, or postural drainage, where the chest is clapped while the person with CF lies in a position where gravity helps the mucus drain from the small airways to the larger airways.
Physical exercise helps loosen mucus in the lungs so it can be coughed up more easily.
Exercise stimulates coughing which help clear the lungs, builds up the strength and endurance of the breathing muscles and increases the general level of cardiovascular fitness. Antibiotics, taken orally, intravenously and as aerosols, are used to kill infectious bacteria in the lungs. For digestive problems there are changes in diet and supplements that can be taken. The diet can be altered to increase caloric intake. Enzymes, sometimes in enteric coated microspheres, can supplement the diet so the percentage of calories that are absorbed increases.