The structures are weaker at higher levels of organization, due to weaker or fewer interactions. Translation Translation is the genetic process that converts the information present in the genome into proteins, which are active molecules. The ribosomes read the 3-bp codons in mRNAs and synthesize polypeptides corresponding to the sequence of codons. The Genetic Code Code utilized during translation to direct the addition of amino acids, according to 3-base codons in mRNA sequences. This is essentially a universal code utilized in the translation of genes from the nuclear genomes of all living organisms.
Organellar genomes utilize a slightly modified code.
Periodicity of 3-nucleotide codons specifies the reading frame for each mRNA, beginning at the AUG translation initiation codon. Codons are read sequentially 5' to 3' along the mRNA, with only extremely rare exceptions having overlap of codons. Because of the four bases in RNA, there are 64 possible codons with a 3-letter genetic code. This is called degeneracy, and this degeneracy is an organized feature of the genetic code. Components of Translation Ribosomes -rRNA molecules complexed with proteins.