Moreover, it is shown that road distance matters more than road quality during the harvest period as there is no strong relationship between road quality and the producer price decline per unit of time. While the presence of roads shows up in relatively higher producer prices, it does not automatically lead to more competition among traders. Hence, investment in hard infrastructure is not sufficient to successfully increase market access. However, soft infrastructure on top of hard infrastructure seems beneficial for increased producer prices, reduced price variability, and improved market integration. Download full-text discussion paper .
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