Grid is a system of high-voltage transmission lines between the electricity generator and the distribution company or the customer. Distribution is regulated by state agencies. I Independent System Operator ISOs are intended to respond to concerns that transmission owners will manipulate control of the transmission network in order to advance their own generation sales. The level of independence and control are core issues in reviewing ISOs. Independent Power Producers Also known as non-utility generators and exempt wholesale generators, these entities develop power generation projects on a merchant basis.
Retail service is regulated by state public utility commissions.
A joint action agency is a political subdivision that provides wholesale power and transmission services for its member distribution public power systems. The ability of a market participant, as a result of its control of sufficient or essential facilities, to profitably set prices above or reduce supply below that which would occur in a fully competitive market. The ability to set rates through negotiation or bid rather than based on the actual cost of production. Monopoly industries are regulated in order to protect consumers from collection of excessive profits. Purchasing and tracking capabilities on the same network allows all participants simultaneous access to all relevant information.