Orthopedic problems ranging from clubfoot to spinal deformities are common. Because the backbone fails to close in spina bifida, the vertebrae are malformed and spinal deformity is common. Learning disabilities are present in some children with spina bifida who also have a history of hydrocephalus. They may have difficulty paying attention, expressing or understanding language, and grasping reading and math. Early intervention with children who experience learning problems can help considerably to prepare them for school.
Muscle imbalance occurs when some muscles are spastic, while others are flaccid.
Most children need bracing to substitute for flaccid muscles. Children with spina bifida often have problems with their hips dislocating due to muscle weakness and imbalance. Latex allergies are experienced by as many as 40 percent of children with spina bifida. Children with this allergy are sensitized to latex products through repeated exposure to latex in urinary catheterization and surgical procedures. Symptoms range from itching, swelling, watery eyes, stuffy nose, and rash, to nausea, vomiting, hives, and even anaphylactic shock.