Genitourinary is a word that refers to the urinary and genital organs. Urology is the branch of medicine concerned with the urinary tract in both genders and the genital tract of the reproductive system in males.
Nephrology is the branch of medicine concerned with the kidney.
The urinary tract includes the organ system primarily responsible for cleaning and filtering excess fluid and waste material from the blood. The kidneys also function as glands that produce hormones necessary for building red blood cells and regulating blood pressure. In children, problems of the urinary system include acute and chronic kidney failure, urinary tract infections, obstructions along the urinary tract, and abnormalities present at birth. Diseases of the kidneys often produce temporary or permanent changes to the small functional structures and vessels inside the kidney. A urinary tract obstruction can cause damage to the urinary tract and kidneys because urine backs-up and pools in various areas along the tract.