Phenol is a crystalline solid or a thick liquid with a sweet, tarry odor, and it ranges from colorless to pink in color. Synonyms for phenol include carbolic acid, benzophenol, and hydroxybenzene. Because it has a local anesthetic effect, little or no pain may be felt on initial contact. Phenol is rapidly absorbed through the skin, and toxic or even fatal amounts can be absorbed through relatively small areas. Ingestion of as little as 1 gram can be fatal to humans.
Phenol can also cause severe damage to eyes, including blindness.
Phenol can affect the central nervous system, liver, and kidneys. Special Safety Precautions Good work practices can help reduce hazardous exposures. Whenever possible, work with phenol in a chemical fume hood, especially when heating it. Never heat or melt phenol in an incubator, microwave, drying oven, or similar appliance. Prevent phenol from contacting skin by wearing neoprene gloves and a laboratory coat.