1200 AD German crusaders invade Latvia and the German domination continues for 700 years. Riga is founded by German bishop Albert. Riga joins the Hanseatic League.
Reformation is brought to Latvia by German preachers.
Riga acquires the rights of a free city. Riga and Northern Latvia are occupied by Sweden. Russia conquers Sweden and Latvia falls under Russian control. Serfdom is abolished in Latvia. The first Latvian Song Festival is held in Riga.