A misrepresentation can occur if the lawyer incorporates or affirms a statement of another person that the lawyer knows is false.
Misrepresentations can also occur by failure to act.
This Rule refers to statements of fact. Whether a particular statement should be regarded as one of fact can depend on the circumstances. Under generally accepted conventions in negotiation, certain types of statements ordinarily are not taken as statements of material fact. Estimates of price or value placed on the subject of a transaction and a party's intentions as to an acceptable settlement of a claim are in this category, and so is the existence of an undisclosed principal except where nondisclosure of the principal would constitute fraud. The requirement of disclosure created by this paragraph is, however, subject to the obligations created by Rule 1.6 .