By the 60's English dominated business in a multilingual society. The multilingualism in the education system was meant primarily to promote ethnic harmony. The social control using the human resource model was meant to secure Singapore's independence by molding workers to serve the nation's economy. Currently, the Ministry plans to prepare workers for the future by providing a computer for every 2 students and update software and hardware on a national scale. P80 Singapore's National Education plan has attempted to create unity in diversity in it's multicultural society by, among other things, celebrating national holidays and visiting national institutions.
Many parallels exist between Singapore and Japan.
Both have emphasized the study of English, and the individual's sacrifice for the national economy. The US government was not acting altruistically and may have had hegemonic intentions in Europe, both politically and economically and for the purposes of white love. The European Union attempts to create Euro-nationalism through education and cultural activities. Again, economic growth is the primary objective. P95 To deal with the diversity of languages in and equitable way, programs like the Ariane program are translating contemporary literature.