The loose soil particles are easily detached by rain drops and running water. These factors lead to increased runoff and erosion. Alberta research shows that switching to reduced or zero tillage systems is needed to protect soils on steeper and longer slopes from erosion. Reduced and minimum tillage systems leave a good crop residue cover to prevent erosion and conserve soil moisture. These systems also save time and energy, and costs are usually similar to or lower than those for conventional tillage systems.
Residue management is important in all conservation tillage systems.
Use Zero Tillage or Direct Seeding Zero tillage systems minimize soil disturbance to maintain as much crop residue cover as possible to conserve soil moisture and prevent erosion. Long-term zero tillage also increases soil organic matter and improves soil quality and fertility. Direct seeding also aims to conserve both soil moisture and soil. It differs from zero tillage in that some tillage options remain open. A high percentage of crop residue remains on the surface to protect against erosion.