Reaction ranges from moderately acid to slightly alkaline. A 2CB horizon is present in some pedons. The 2C horizon has color and texture similar to the 2BC horizon. It is massive or has plate-like divisions. Consistence is friable or firm.
Reaction ranges from moderately acid to slightly alkaline.
The 2R or 3R horizon is horizontal bedded shale or siltstone. Niagara soils do not have bedrock within 60 inches. Aptakisic and Starks soils are stratified in the lower part of the series control section. Creal soils have eluvial horizons more than 14 inches thick. Fitchville, Iva, Kendall, and Stronghurst soils do not have 2B and 2C horizons within either the series control section or within depths of 40 inches.