Emphasis on North American species of caribou, elk, moose, and deer. Offered in alternate years. Detailed examination of distribution, behavior, population dynamics, and management of waterfowl and upland game birds. Offered in alternate years. Spacing competition, cooperation, and grouping of wild vertebrates are described and analyzed as adaptive products of their evolutionary history and ecology.
Minimal consideration is given to humans and other primates.
Offered in alternate years. Basic theories underlying the functional and evolutionary significance of behavior, and the role of ecological constraints. Supporting empirical evidence taken mainly from studies of wild vertebrates. Offered in alternate years. Ecology of wild vertebrates, including habitat selection, spatial organization, demography, population growth and regulation, competition, predation, and community dynamics, set in the context of human-caused degradation of environments in North America.