Nonetheless, the implementation of associative networks requires substantive tech-nology transfer. This implies a longer and less spectacular process in comparison to demonstrations of interactive multimedia in Dakar or Cotonou. This transfer is not based on selling ready made solutions, but on a long term collaboration between in-stitutions from North and South and among establishments from the South. The present context of international aid reduction promotes short term initiatives which have better media coverage and are less costly. At the same time, the strong wave of liberalism supported namely by the World Bank, encourages States to aban-don their control of telecommunication operators and to promote their privatization.
Private financing is considered to progressively replace grants and international aid.
On the other hand, in most deprived countries Internet should be financed by the private sector. The misgiving of such an approach could be the restriction of new tech-nology benefits usually profitable to solvent clients. The more a country is economi-cally deprived, the more foreigners appear to comprise this clientele. A different approach, neither public nor private, has been followed successfully by the Peruvians. Each establishment has contributed financially to the implementation of an inter-connection and training center, which was opened despite scanty means.