It used to be believed that gemstones actually emitted light rather than merely reflecting it. The Qur'an strictly forbids the drinking of wine, but metaphors of intoxication are commonplace in Arabic and Persian verse, particularly in Sufi poetry. Keep asking yourself these questions throughout the story. In Medieval Persian and European thought alike, lovesickness was a disease, clinically described in medical textbooks. The tradition that links madness and poetic inspiration goes back at least to the ancient Greeks.
Much Muslim literature reflects deep beliefs in fate.
Note the musical metaphors. It spread with Persian culture to North India and is still widely popular. The bulk of this chapter is Majnun's statement of ultimate separation from the rest of humanity. His reaction would have been seen as not merely rebellious but wildly blasphemous. X Name one of the significant ways in which Majnun's father urges him to heal himself.