Use of random testing may help to identify alcohol or drug misusers who had previously managed to avoid detection. It can be counterproductive by causing resentment amongst staff, particularly if used in non-safety critical situations. Routine testing is similar to random testing but done at pre-specified times, such as before going on duty. In relation to drugs, routine testing sends out a clear message that drug use in or out of work is not tolerated. In relation to alcohol, it is most appropriate for testing staff in safety critical jobs as a mechanism to protect the individual, colleagues or the general public.
Negative reactions are possible when used in non-safety critical areas.
With cause testing , used as a complement to a proper investigation, can also confirm or deny a manager s suspicions or be part of a post-incident investigation. Its use assists early detection by confronting denial. However, perceived victimisation is a possible complication and must be handled carefully. Impairment testing assesses an employee s performance at a given moment in time through, for instance, hand-eye coordination. Reduced concentration, reaction time or motor skills affected by an employee s recent alcohol or drug use can be detected.