Elevations range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet. Slopes are 0 to 35 percent. The soils formed in volcanic ash. The mean annual rainfall is 100 to 150 inches. Most of these soils are used for pasture and sugarcane.
Natural vegetation is guava, ohia lehua, hilograss, and kikuyugrass.
Hamakua section of Island of Hawaii. This series is moderately extensive with a total of roughly 37,000 acres.