One goal of the work is to provide this information to land managers.
Native herbivores can be important at limiting plant invasions.
Once a plant gets established it becomes a big problem, because of its effects on germination, growth and survival of native species, so it is essential to control it early, at the seedling stage. Carpobrodus edulis has important effects on soil environment. It causes a substantial decline in pH as well as changes in nitrogen levels and soil micro nutrients. Therefore, if restoration of the native environment is sought, the soil must be altered to promote the return of native vegetation. In Hawaii, dry forests have been invaded by introduced perennial grasses.