Identify the specific steps in protein synthesis in which GTP hydrolysis occurs. Describe the cellular mechanisms that safeguard against the incorporation of incorrect amino acids into polypeptides and initiation at the wrong codon. Explain the features of GTPases that facilitate their function as irreversible molecular switches in the regulation of cellular porcesses. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in certain genetic mechanisms. Eukaryotes produce monocistronic , intron -containing messenger RNA molecules.
Many prokaryotic messages are polycistronic and intron-less.
The two types of organisms also employ different mechanisms for translation initiation . Describe an IRES and explain its function. Antisense oligonucleotides and ribozymes are being developed for possible use in gene therapy . Explain the molecular basis for therapy using antisense oligonucleotides and explain its potential uses. Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine.