Peacekeeping funds should be drawn from the defense budget. The UN Security Council must proactively move to staunch the flow of weapons into the Horn. Iran and China have publicly provided arms to the government in Sudan, but numerous countries privately give weapons to that regime as well as to some of the Somali combatants. Certain Middle Eastern allies of the United States should be particular targets of a campaign of regional nonproliferation of weapons. The United States should make a long-term commitment to support reconstruction in the Horn.
Reconstruction is an imperative component of reconciliation and democratization.
For areas that are relatively tranquil and for emerging governments that develop participatory processes, outside aid is critical. Projects and programs should involve local communities, indigenous NGOs and local government structures in planning, implementing and managing projects. Otherwise, the activities will not be sustainable. More resources need to be channeled through international NGOs in supporting local efforts and forming equal partnerships with local groups. Indigenous religious entities, relief and rehabilitation organizations, and other local groups have carried out locally defined development activities even in conflict areas.