Acquired stenosis is the result of repaired esophageal atresia, caustic injury, penetrating injury or reflux esophagitis. CES most commonly affect the middle and distal third of the esophagus and rarely cause symptoms in the neonatal period. Symptoms can be vomiting of undigested food, regurgitation, food impaction, difficulty swallowing solid and failure to thrive. CES affecting the upper third of the esophagus is very rare and usually produce respiratory symptoms such as stridor and repeated respiratory infections. Recognition of the correct etiologic factor that caused the stricture will pave the way for adequate management.
Most intractable cases are due to the presence of tracheobronchial rest.
Isolated congenital esophageal stenosis.