No evidence is cited. A range of medications is considered according to the severity of the attack. Choice is often individual and idiosyncratic. Few prophylactic medications have been subjected to adequate clinical trial. The aim is to use the least amount of the medication with the fewest side effects to gain control of the symptoms until the treatment can be stopped.
Patient education is an important element in treatment.
There is only anecdotal evidence that avoiding trigger factors is beneficial. The application of cold or pressure to the head has been assessed as valuable. Reduction of activity and of sensory input in a quiet or dark environment and attempts to sleep have limited evidence of benefit but much anecdotal support. No evidence is cited. The recovery rate was higher with cognitive behavioral therapy at 6 months but not at 12 months of follow-up.