Dysmenorrhea can be an incapacitating problem, causing significant disruption in a woman's life each month. Primary Dysmenorrhea Primary dysmenorrhea is the more common type of dysmenorrhea and is due to the production of prostaglandins. These are natural substances made by cells in the inner lining of the uterus and other parts of the body. The prostaglandins made in the uterus make the uterine muscles contract and help the uterus to shed the lining that has built up during the menstrual cycle. If excessive prostaglandins are produced, the woman may have excessive pain or dysmenorrhea with her menstrual cycle.
Prostaglandins can also cause headaches, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
An adequate fluid intake of 2 quarts of water each day is very important. These drugs are generally well tolerated, although they can upset the stomach and are best taken with a small amount of food. Hormonal alteration of the menstrual cycle is usually accomplished by taking oral contraceptives. Secondary Dysmenorrhea Secondary dysmenorrhea is defined as menstrual pain due to pelvic pathology. Secondary dysmenorrhea usually occurs after a woman has had normal menstrual periods for some time.