Reaction is very strongly acid to moderately acid. Clay content is 20 to 30 percent, and sand content is 35 to 70 percent. Rock fragments average 15 to 60 percent. Reaction is strongly acid to slightly alkaline. Rock fragments average 15 to 60 percent.
Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline and free carbonates are present.
Calcium carbonate equivalent is 10 to 25 percent. In some pedons the 3C horizon in not part of the series control section. These are the Argyle , Baltimore , Bassett , Blooming , Cadmus , Caleb , Dowagiac , Dunbridge , Gara , Glenhall , Koronis , Lauramie , Lester , Lydick , Mohawk , Neda , Newcomer , Octagon , Oneco , Orwood , Racine , Razort , Taopi , Waucoma , and Winneshiek series. Argyle, Baltimore, Bassett, Blooming, Cadmus, Caleb, Gara, Glenhall, Koronis, Lauramie, Lester, Mohawk, Octagon, Orwood, and Racine soils have less than 15 percent rock fragments in an horizon in the bottom one-fourth of the control section. Dunbridge, Newcomer, Oneco, Waucoma, and Winneshiek soils have a lithic or paralithic contact at depths less than 60 inches.