Canton, Charlton, Essex, Gloucester, and Paxton soils formed in glacial till. Deerfield and Sudbury soils are moderately well drained and Sudbury soils have cambic horizons. Scarboro soils are very poorly drained. Windsor soils have less than 15 percent rock fragments. Surface runoff is slow to moderate.
Permeability is rapid or very rapid throughout.
Cleared areas are used for hay, pasture, and silage corn. In the southern Connecticut River Valley, Hinckley soils are used for growing tobacco and truck crops and in eastern Massachusetts, truck crops. Most areas are forested, idle or used for urban development. Red, black, white, scarlet and scrub oak, white and pitch pine, hemlock and gray birch are the common trees. Unimproved pasture and idle land support hardhack, little bluestem, bracken fern, sweet fern, and low bush blueberry.