One explanation is that Sheikh Hamad sees gradual democratization as conducive to long-term economic development. Another is that by boosting the legitimacy of government, Qatar might prevent the type of violent civil unrest occurring in other Arab states, like neighboring Bahrain. Qatar announced in late 1998 that it would accept international arbitration in a long-standing dispute with Bahrain. The case has been submitted to the International Court of Justice in The Hague. Political Rights and Civil Liberties Qataris cannot change their government democratically.
Political parties are illegal, and elections have never been held.
The emir holds absolute power and appoints his cabinet. While the emir consults with leading members of society on policy issues and works to reach a consensus with the appointed Majlis, the only recourse for ordinary citizens is to submit appeals to the emir. Both services can detain suspects indefinitely without charge while conducting investigations, though long-term detention occurs infrequently. The judiciary is not independent. Most judges are foreign nationals whose residence permits may be revoked at any time.