An increase in conservatism causes a religious conversion, controlling for several variables. More males than females frequent bars. Smoking is a necessary and sufficient cause of lung cancer. A high GPA is a necessary and sufficient cause for occupational success. All are true.
None are true.
The traditional deductive model begins with theory construction. When attempting to implement the traditional deductive model of research, two basic problems that occur are operationalization is rarely unambiguous, and collection of empirical data is problematic. Professor Flint assumed that one's income affects one's happiness and went on to study the relationship. She failed to consider other possible causes of happiness. Professor Corrada performed a field study of employee resistance to computers.