With X-rays, we can detect diffraction from molecules, but we have to use a computer to reassemble the image. It's not quite so simple, but that's the essence of the method. We can consider other types of waves with wavelengths in the correct range. One of the wonderful and unexpected results of quantum mechanics is that particles have a wave nature. The faster they are moving, the shorter the wavelength.
Neutron diffraction works more or less like X-ray diffraction.
Electron microscopy Electrons diffract too, but they can also be focused by magnetic fields, which allows the construction of electron microscopes. The very best electron microscopes have resolving powers near atomic resolution. It turns out that electron microscopy tends to be most useful for very large assemblies, which is where crystallography tends to become very difficult, so that the techniques are quite complementary. But there won't be space or time to go into all of that here. Atomic force microscopy Apart from looking at things to determine their shape, you can also use your sense of touch.