Magnetic Field Note that the Earth's magnetic field is generated in the core by processes which include convection in the liquid outer core and the rotation of the solid inner core. Circular convection cells develop in materials that are heated from the bottom. The Earth's magnetic field behaves as if there were a giant bar magnet buried within the Earth. Note that the Earth has a north magnetic pole and a south magnetic pole . The north magnetic pole is somewhere in northern Canada.
Polar wandering is probably due to fluctuations in the convection patterns in the liquid outer core.
Heat Flow and Geothermal Gradient Recall that the Earth is hot inside. The deeper you go into the Earth, the higher the temperature. This is called the geothermal gradient . Stopped in 1989. Target depth is 15 km.