For example, there is currently insufficient understanding of how to design and test complex software systems with millions of lines of code in the same way that we can verify whether a bridge or an airplane is safe. Yet these software and high-end computing systems lie at the core of worldwide financial systems, air traffic management, defense command and control, virtually all parts of our economy. This research will create the human resources and new understandings to enable growth of the Internet to continue apace. Nanotechnology is another very important NSF program. Nanotechnology refers to the ability to manipulate individual atoms and molecules, making it possible to build machines on the scale of human cells or create materials and structures from the bottom up, building in desired properties.
Nanotechnology is at an exploratory state.
The Nanotechnology Initiative at NSF will fund over 600 projects and 2500 faculty and students, fund 10 large engineering research and materials research centers and 5 university-based research hubs. These efforts will, among other things, help create the knowledge required to address the fast approaching physical limits to semiconductor performance. Another key benefit of NSF funding is that it fulfills the federal government's unique role in preparing students. Highly skilled employees are desperately needed throughout the American economy, especially in high tech. These funds support more professors, advanced instruction for top students, and better equipped laboratories.