The questions you ask are as closely related to environment as they are to a child s age. A child who is around adults and significant others who do well at these skills will learn from those role models and will begin to do those things himself.
Many people grow to adulthood without learning to set goals, use time wisely, and save money.
As soon as a child is given an allowance or money for birthdays, he can be encouraged to save a portion of that money. Again, seeing the adults in their lives lead by example can show adolescents how to develop this skill. All children can be encouraged to develop good habits. Setting a good example and helping your grandsons develop these traits gradually will lead to their becoming proficient in them. My second-grader misses recess because he doesn't complete his school work.