There are many possible causes of this condition. Decreased vision and strength in the elderly also affect walking. Balance problems may occur with infections of the middle ear, such as Meniere's disease . Other causes are also possible. Sometimes, a cause cannot be found.
Prevention depends on the cause.
For example, avoiding alcohol will prevent cases caused by drinking alcohol. Many cases cannot be prevented. The healthcare provider will ask about medical history and perform a physical exam. This should include how muscles and nerves respond. Further testing may be needed depending on the suspected cause.