Standardization was the route to efficiency at the hospital. Diversity of other surgical instruments was kept to a minimum. Postoperative care was also standardized, and no postoperative orders were written. The anesthetist adjusted the amount of intravenous fluids and analgesics postoperatively and did daily rounds on all patients. Surgical research Surgical research in France is well developed.
Most clinical research is presented at local meetings.
All the interns and chefs de clinique were required to present research projects at this meeting and this could involve reviews of up to 1500 patients. The digestive surgery unit participated in a number of international randomized trials and several of the professors managed laboratories in addition to their clinical loads. Advanced research training is available for any chef de clinique who wishes to pursue an academic career. I had the unique opportunity to meet surgical professors from all over the world and made many friends and contacts in the field of hepatobiliary surgery. Brittany is a beautiful province of France, having unique way of life and approach to social and societal problems.