ADHD must begin before the age of seven and it can continue into adulthood. A child presenting with ADHD symptoms must have a comprehensive evaluation. A child with ADHD may have other psychiatric disorders such as conduct disorder, anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, or manic-depressive disorder. Without proper treatment, the child may fall behind in schoolwork, and friendships may suffer. The child experiences more failure than success and is criticized by teachers and family who do not recognize a health problem.
Research clearly demonstrates that medication can be helpful.
Stimulant medication such as methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, and pemoline can improve attention, focus, goal directed behaviour, and organizational skills. Other medications such as guanfacine, clonidine, and some antidepressants may also be helpful. Other treatment approaches may include cognitive-behavioural therapy, social skills training, parent education, and modifications to the child's education program. Behavioural therapy can help a child control aggression, modulate social behaviour, and be more productive. Cognitive therapy can help a child build self esteem, reduce negative thoughts, and improve problem solving skills.