Diagnosis and management of heart failure. The Digitalis Investigation Group. The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heat failure. Randomised study of effect of ibopamine on survival in patients with advanced severe heart failure. Sub-group analyses found a beneficial effect of lower mortality only in patients receiving vasodilator beta blockers compared to patients not treated with a beta blocker.
Methodological issues limit the validity of the meta-analysis ii .
Criteria for the selection or assessment of the relevance and validity of the primary studies were not specified. Cleland JG, Bristow MR, Erdmann E, Remme WJ, Swedberg K, Waagstein F. Beta-blocking agents in heart failure. The Cochrane Library , Issue 4. The Cochrane Library , Issue 4. There is no good evidence for or against the effectiveness of anticoagulation in preventing stroke, arterial or pulmonary embolus in patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm without a history of thrombus or emboli i .