Energy efficiency begins with selecting a good site, then properly locating the house on the site. Many factors are involved in house orientation, such as the slope of the lot, noise reduction, scenic views, privacy, solar radiation, and wind. The major energy consideration is the way the sun and wind affect a given location. Ideally, the site should have a good southern exposure for maximum solar gain in the winter. The disadvantage of solar heat gain in the summer can be reduced by proper site planning and good house design and construction.
Orientation Locate the dwelling on the site so the narrow ends of the structure face east and west.
Normally, this means running the main gable east and west, placing the longest sides on the north and south, and giving the house maximum southern exposure, which is a benefit in the winter. It also limits the western exposure of the house, which reduces summer gain from the late afternoon sun. The most troublesome orientation is toward the west. In summer, walls and windows facing west receive direct afternoon sun. Any way of stopping the sun before it enters through the windows is several times as effective at keeping your home cool as are blinds and curtains on the inside.