In some cases the bacteria invades only the bloodstream causing a condition called meningococcemia. If not treated or not treated promptly, this condition progresses rapidly, often within hours of symptom onset and results in death. The occurrence of meningococcal disease in the United States usually peaks in the late winter and early spring. Although meningococcal disease can affect people at any age, certain groups are at increased risk. Children under age 4 years old have the greatest risk.
Research suggests that the lifestyle behaviors of college students increase their risk.
These behaviors include active or passive smoking, bar patronage and excessive alcohol consumption. Dormitory-style living may also contribute as crowded environments facilitate the spread of the infection. It is recommended that college students consider vaccination with Menomune vaccine to reduce their risk for potentially fatal meningococcal disease. Students 30 years or age or under who request vaccination in order to decrease the risk for disease and are not pregnant. The highest priority should be for students 18-24 years of age as students older that 25 years of age have a much lower risk of disease.