Considering the large impact of the ocean on the transient response of the climate system, further observations of the ocean are urgently needed. Although the predicted climate changes differ from model to model as regards regional details, they agree on many larger-scale aspects. The troposphere warms, whereas the stratosphere cools. Global average precipitation and evaporation increase by 3-15 per cent when CO 2 is doubled. Soil moisture increases in high-latitude winter.
Many models predict a decrease in soil moisture in mid-latitude summer.
Dab points for 1xCO 2 and 2xCO 2 are denoted by crosses and dots, respectively. Temperature increase in the southern hemisphere lags behind that in the northern hemisphere. An increase in precipitation and a melting of sea-ice also help to delay warming in those areas. References Cubasch, U., K. Hasselmann, H. Hock, E. Maier-Reimer, U. Mikolajewicz, B. D. Santer, and R. Sausen. Time-dependent greenhouse warming computations with a coupled ocean atmosphere model.