There is no vaccine for MVE virus. Prevention relies on mosquito control and people taking responsibility to protect themselves against mosquito bites. It is thought to have a natural maintenance cycle involving wild birds and culicine mosquitoes. This virus has a wide geographic distribution in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. There is no vaccine for WN virus.
Prevention relies on mosquito control and protection from mosquito bites.
The eastern subtype causes Russian spring-summer encephalitis and is transmitted by Ixodes persulcatus, which occurs from eastern Europe to China. The western subtype is transmitted by I. ricinus and causes Central European encephalitis, which occurs from Scandinavia in the north to Greece and Yugoslavia in the south. Both viruses are maintained in natural cycles involving a variety of mammals and ticks. The incubation period is 7 to 14 days. Infection usually presents as a mild, influenza-type illness or as benign, aseptic meningitis but may result in fatal meningoencephalitis.