Simple Machines Simple Machines Simple machines are devices which reduce the amount of force needed to do a task by lengthening the distance of movement.
Mechanical work is defined as force times distance, when the two are in the same direction.
Torque is defined as force times distance when the two are at right angles to each other. Distance for torque application, also known as leverage , is measured from a pivot point called the fulcrum . A long length of rope is strung up and down between pairs of the lower and upper wheels, ending in a section that hangs down on which you pull. A heavy object or large opposing force pushes down near the hinge, which you are able to lift with a small force applied far from the hinge. The axle may have gear teeth on it, or be wrapped by a rope or drive belt, such that when it is turned it must apply a large force on something hard to move.