Sedimentary rocks cover much of the Earth's surface, however overall they represent only a thin veneer over the igneous and metamorphic rocks that make up the majority of the crust. Clastic, chemical, and biochemical. Clastic sedimentary rocks are those physically deposited after weathering and erosion. Metamorphic rocks are those in which the texture, mineralogy or chemical composition has changed while the rock has remained in a solid form . This scenario was proposed by James Hutton in 1785.
Outcrops are places where solid rock is exposed at the surface.
Bedrock is the solid rock that lies below the unconsolidated materials which typically cover most of the surface. These unconsolidated materials can be soil, deposits of unconsolidated material left by glaciers, water, or wind, or heavily weathered rock. A bedrock map will show the uppermost layer of rock present in a given area. Basement rock is that which forms the lower part of the crust. Country rock is a somewhat colloquial term used to describe the rock that encloses or is intruded by an igneous rock.