Licking, biting, scratching or shaking a painful area. If excessive, this can lead to self-mutilation. Changes in 'personality or attitude. Lack of mobility as seen with joint, colic or gut pain. Failure to groom, causing an unkempt appearance.
Rats accumulate red porphryn around the eyes when they fail to groom properly.
Changes in coat appearance. Ruffled fur or a greasy look are indicative of a lack of grooming. Changes in resting postures or ambulating or attempting to hide. When the animal appears to be sleeping or is hunched up and can't get comfortable, be aware. Failure to show normal patterns of inquisitiveness or alertness.