They are written by subject experts and may also provide statistics or other pertinent historical information. These sources become outdated and never constitute enough data for an entire research paper. Refining Your Topic When gathering and reading background data, often you will discover a variety of sub-topics. Search the catalog for items by title, author, subject, or keyword. Indexes are lists of articles printed in journals, popular magazines, and newspapers.
Most disciplines publish annual reviews of research within their field.
Literature reviews are published as books or as articles within leading journals of the specific design. Don't exclude personal or telephone interviews with an expert on your research topic. Be aware of your own viewpoints and how they are affecting your research. Look for bias on the part of the authors. Look for alternative viewpoints on the issue.