This bulletin is a supplement to, not a substitute for, professional skills and experience. Users are advised to consult the supporting evidence for a consideration of all the implications of a recommendation. The Evidence 5.1 Behavioural Disturbance 5.1a .
Pharmacological procedures are the least effective interventions.
Response contingent procedures are significantly more effective than other procedures. There is no good evidence that antipsychotic medication helps, in managing behaviour, or harms people with intellectual disability. Further research is required i . Those that do tend to be older and well controlled but receiving higher baseline doses of neuroleptics. May P, London EB, Zimmerman T, et al .