Urinary frequency, urgency, difficulty and pain just above the pubic area are all symptoms of urinary tract infections. More severe is polynephritis, which occurs when the invading organisms manage to reach the renal pelvis and kidney causing inflammation . Fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea signal such an infection. The infection usually results in the formation of cortical scar tissue. In chronic forms, damage and atrophy of nephrons causes a diminution of function resulting in chronic renal failure.
Protein is found in the urine along with white blood cells .
Stones Kidney stones, also called renal calculi, are crystalline accumulations present in the pelvis of the kidney. They are usually composed of oxalates, phosphates, uric acid, and carbonates ranging in size from small granules to perhaps 2.5 cm in diameter. Sometimes, usually with uric acid stones, the calculi will fill the renal pelvis and is termed a staghorn calculi. Dehydration contributes to stone formation because of the saturation of certain substances in the urine. Crystals form and grow into stones.