Reflex actions are quicker, more direct, less variable, less subject to inhibition, more deep-seated organically, and so less liable to derangement. Then there is the remarkable difference that intelligent actions are centrally stimulated. while reflex actions are peripherally stimulated. Reflex and instinctive actions are less subject to derangement. Reflexes are quicker. Suppose instead of winking reflexly when a foreign body approaches the eye, I waited to see whether it was near enough to be dangerous, or even shut my eye as quickly as I could, I should join the ranks of the blind in short order.
Reflex actions are more deep-seated and arose genetically first.
Intelligent actions are centrally stimulated. This means that brain processes release the energy which goes out in movement, and that something earlier must stimulate the brain processes. This something is association in some shape between present stimulating agencies in the environment and memories, or pleasures and pains. In other words, certain central processes intervene between the outside stimulus and the release of the energies of movement. In reflexes, however, no such central influence intervenes.