The merger in 1993 of Norway's five research councils has had considerable teething problems. There is a lack of confidence in the new Council within the research community and among important users. The transition has progressed differently in the two regions reflecting their institutional environments, policy traditions, and recent political developments. This investigates alliances in the Indian pharmaceutical industry, using a sample of 33 companies.
Most linkages are through sponsored research and alliances with universities.
Graham Spinardi One of the aims of the UK Defence Diversification Agency is technology transfer from defence to civil sectors. There are significant obstacles limiting such exploitation, including lack of competitiveness of many manufacturing sectors. Firms best able to access 'dual use' technology are typically ill-suited to the needs of civil markets.