The goal is to spend more time directing students attention than attaining it.
Perceptual arousal comes from using surprise or uncertainty to gain interest.
Inquiry arousal stimulates curiosity by posing challenging questions or problems to be solved . Keller goes on to describes six strategies for gaining and maintaining attention. The first strategy is to use specific examples to grab your learner's interest. This may be by using distinct visual stimuli related to the topic or to introduce or highlight a topic by using examples such as stories or biographies. The goal is to grab your learner's attention by tying the topic to concrete examples.