The resulting loss of fluids in an infected individual can rapidly lead to severe dehydration. If not treated, death can occur within hours. The most important treatment is rehydration, which consists of prompt replacement of water and salts lost through diarrhea and vomiting. Patients who have become severely dehydrated may be given intravenous fluids, while oral rehydration with glucose-electrolyte solutions may be adequate for mild cases. In serious cases, an effective antibiotic can be used to reduce diarrhea.
Most travellers visiting an area where cholera occurs are at very low risk of acquiring infection.
The estimated risk of cholera in European or North American travellers to endemic areas is 1 or 2 cases per 1 million trips. The vaccine is administered as a single dose and is approved for adults and children over 2 years of age. Travellers should seek a detailed, individual risk assessment to determine their need for vaccination. Because cholera is spread through contaminated food and water, Health Canada strongly recommends that travellers exercise general food and water precautions to minimize their risk of exposure. Eat only food that has been well-cooked and is still hot when served.