Family and twin studies indicate that panic disorder involves some genetic vulnerability. Some researchers theorize that the disturbance in coping mechanisms is a product of repeated life stresses in predisposed individuals, leading eventually to panic disorder. Research also suggests that people with panic disorder may not be able to utilize the body's own naturally produced anxiety-reducing substances. It may be that the neuronal receptors that bind with these substances are abnormal in people with panic disorder. NIMH scientists and grantees are studying panic disorder in both animals and humans, searching for possible genetic causes, probing for brain and biochemical abnormalities, and examining cognitive factors that may contribute to the condition.
Patients generally begin to respond quickly to appropriate treatment.
However, some treatments may work better than others for certain patients. So, it is important to monitor the response to treatment closely and reassess the treatment strategy if there is no improvement after 6 to 8 weeks. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy CBT teaches patients to anticipate the situations and bodily sensations that are associated with their panic attacks. This awareness sets the stage for helping the patient to control the attacks. Specially trained therapists tailor CBT to the specific needs of each patient.