Direct observation will also help to establish causal relationships between work steps and process issues. This informal method of collecting data is relatively simple, inexpensive and may identify process-related problems and possible solutions early on, avoiding the need to implement a formal data collection effort. However, if the solution to a problem is not clear, if the problem still exists after measures were taken to correct it or if a highly effective and timely solution is essential, a formal data collection process is necessary. To keep the effort focused, clarify the goals and intent of the data collection effort. This will help to determine what data should be collected, how they will help and what will be done once they have been collected .
Operational definitions ensure that information is collected in a consistent manner.
After developing the operational definitions,determine if there are any existing data and if they will meet your needs. In order for existing data to be useful , they must have been gleaned from the same process, focused on the same issues, target values and characteristics, and must have applied the same measurement methodology as any new data you intend to collect. If the existing data are deemed inappropriate, a data collection and recording methodology must be developed. Standardize the process using a computerized program or written form to record information. Always include a description of what data are being collected on the form.