All these events depend on variations of the weather, tides and natural Phenomena. By recording these changes people interested in science and nature saw patterns which helped them explain what they saw. These records may help us understand how people have changed the Earth. You'll need a notebook or something to record what you see. If you have friends or relatives living further away, why not compare notes and see if there are any differences.
Newspapers are also a good source of weather facts and articles.
Something is happening around you all the time. If you keep a regular record for a while you can then look back and see if the pattern is the same or different. You could make a map of an area like your garden or playground, park or somewhere you go for walks when you visit it. You can be surprised by unusual visiting birds. Decorating your book is half the fun.