For information on current viewing opportunities click here. A total of 246 bird species have been observed on the refuge, including 40 accidentals. At least 76 species have been documented as nesting at Modoc with another 18 species suspected of nesting. Most mammals found on the refuge and adjacent land are resident species, except bats which migrate. Visibility of mammals varies seasonally because some species hibernate in winter, and others, although active, remain out of sight in tunnels under the snow.
Mule deer are plentiful in the area and can be seen from refuge roadways.
Both hibernate in winter and are usually seen during spring through fall seasons. Most are small reclusive animals not highly visible to the refuge visitor. Snakes can sometimes be seen crossing roadways. Lizards frequent shrub uplands, while frogs can be found at water's edge. These species of fish are present in refuge waters, or waters adjacent to the refuge.