Smoking, lack of exercise and lack of calcium in the diet aggravate the condition. The conference was also attended by a prominent figure from the world of chest surgery, Dr Kamal G Khalil, of the Plaza Medical Centre, Houston, Texas. Khalil did his early training 35 years ago at Qasr Al-Aini. I used to treat complications of pulmonary tuberculosis. I was ambitious and confident I could cope with the intense competition abroad.
People leave because of frustration.
In the West, the way the system works encourages merit promotion. People get recognised if they have the talents. It's a natural selection process. Common chest problems in both Egypt and America have common causes. Cigarette smoking is connected with the onset of lung cancer.