Venn diagrams, familiar constructs for portraying set theory in mathematics, can be applied to other disciplines as well. They can be used in the same way as in mathematics - for demonstrating the ways in which two or more sets of data coincide. They effectively depict the similarities and differences between groups. Figure 9 represents a simple, two group Venn diagram. The graphic organizer able to demonstrate perhaps the widest range of complexity is the matrix.
Matrices are constructs of rows and columns.
They can span a range from simple, one column 1xn matrices to unlimited nxn matrices. They can be used to compare and contrast two items, or they can be used to list objects cross-referenced with the attributes of each object. Figure 10 represents a 3x4 matrix.