This methodology varies, and as the course level increases, fewer professors give out instructions. The following is a compilation of preparation points some professors have given their students in their classes. The assumption is that students will follow these guidelines prior to writing and handing in a paper.
Most professors hand out a paper topic in class.
If it seems unclear, ask the professor for help. It is impossible to write a coherent paper without understanding the question. Check the Course Reserves. Some professors use the reserve room to display examples of good writing. These models will help a student understand the expectations of the professor.