The great master of organum was L onin. Chant - Music to which portions of the Catholic service are sung. The texture is monophonic, the timbre that of unaccompanied voices. By the latter part of the century, the Touv res in Northern France also picked up on this practice. Ars Antiqua - The prevalent style of the 13th century.
Representative composers are L onin and P rotin.
Representative composer is Machaut. The Renaissance was a time of optimism and self-discovery. Painters mastered linear perspective. The Spanish, Portuguese and the English explorers led the way. The movement gained momentum and spread throughout Europe.