Perhaps the most important aspects to consider when planning a perennial bed or border are thoughtful design and the choice of plants themselves. These are best for close-up viewing. Reds, oranges and yellows are warm colors that create a dramatic effect that catches your eye. Choose colors that complement each other. Remember, too, that foliage has color and may be green, blue, red or gray.
Perennials can range in height from several inches to many feet.
Space them so that they are just touching when mature. The small or ferny leaves of such perennials as yarrow and astilbe have fine texture, which creates a feeling of airiness. The large leaves of hollyhock by contrast are coarser and create a feeling of solid space. Flowers also vary in texture, as does foliage. Perennials may be classed as spiked, rounded or ground-hugging.