Real-time deformable model for the liver, force feedback, realistic rendering. Overview We rely on the graphics hardware for performing real-time collision detection between the liver model and the surgical tools. Real-time animation is achieved thanks to an adaptive model that automatically concentrates computations where needed.
Realistic visualisation is provided thanks to a multi-pass rendering.
The liver surface is covered with undistorted cells thanks to a new texturing techniques that non-periodically maps a few precomputed patterns on triangles that tile the surface. Animated textures are used for enhancing the changes of the liver's surface aspect under the tools actions. Realistic rendering of the surface aspect of the liver Publications and related works Adaptive Simulation of Soft Bodies in Real-Time . Computer Animation 2000. Philadelphia, USA, May 2000.