The Bronson, Brady, and Gilford soils have zones of aquic conditions and are in a drainage sequence with the Oshtemo soils. Boyer, Spinks, and Kalamazoo soils are associated on outwash plains and valley trains. Spinks and Hillsdale soils are closely associated with Oshtemo on moraines. Spinks soils have argillic horizons composed of lamellae and Kalamazoo soils contain from 18 to 35 percent clay in the argillic horizon. The potential for surface runoff is negligible to medium.
Permeability is moderately rapid in the upper part and very rapid in the lower part.
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are small grains, soybeans, corn, and hay. The remainder is in forest or permanent pasture. Native vegetation is hardwood forest of oak, hickory, and sugar maple. The series is of large extent.