Magnitude distributions are obtained from the direct estimate of the magnitude of each meteor an observer sees. This is one of the most important contributions an observer can make to meteor science. Magnitude distributions are the first quantity determined in almost any research investigation. Everyone is probably familiar with magnitudes as it applies to astronomy. But when it comes to designating a magnitude for each meteor we see, difficulties can arise.
Most people tend to overestimate their brightness when first recording magnitudes.
Determining the magnitude of a meteor is done by comparing the brightness of the meteor to the brightness of a star with a known magnitude. This requires some knowledge of the locations and magnitudes of suitable comparison stars, but can be planned for prior to the observing session. To make comparisons accurate, you will need to identify a star of each magnitude between first and sixth. Also note the location and brightness of any brighter stars or planets that happen to be above the horizon. At the beginning of your observing session, take note of some stars for reference.