The Department of Molecular Biology continues to make significant progress toward understanding the fundamental molecular events that are at the core of all life. Members of the department utilize the full range of contemporary research tools, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, x-ray crystallography, electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, computer modeling, bioinformatics, and laser spectroscopy, as well as the techniques of modern molecular biology and genetics. Understanding its structure and function may enable scientists to enhance the effectiveness of the immune system through the development of new, highly targeted therapeutics. This same research team determined the structure of the erythropoietin receptor bound to a small cyclic peptide that mimics the function of the natural ligand for the receptor. In addition to providing insight into the mechanism of signal transduction by erythropoietin, this work has implications for the rational design of small-molecule drugs that stimulate the development of red blood cells.
Protein engineering is a major activity of research activity in the department.
Improved methods for the generation of catalytic antibodies have been developed, and new antibodies that efficiently catalyze disfavored chemical reactions or facilitate enantiomeric synthesis have been obtained. Directed evolution of proteins is being investigated as a means to produce novel therapeutic agents and to provide deeper understanding of the principles of molecular recognition and catalysis. Additionally, antibodies that bind cocaine have been generated and their potential use in the treatment of cocaine addiction is being explored. In the area of metalloenzyme engineering, scientists have introduced new activities into enzymes by manipulating the protein structure or by introducing new metal-binding centers. Directed evolution methods are being used to generate novel RNA and DNA enzymes.