Systematic studies of commercial alloys have improved this understanding. This approach has a significant cost and a certain level. Research to elucidate the nature of materials behavior is the most certain way to address these issues. Characterizing the effects of casting and heat treatment variables on the residual stress of cast Al components. Investigating the opportunities that direct laser deposition of Ti alloys afford for new alloy synthesis.
Residual stresses require costly and time-consuming stress relief heat treatment.
Research to minimize the stress time has a big pay-off.