Differences in milk production remained significant after adjusting for minor differences in pumping frequency and duration, infant gestational age and demographic difference including race, age, parity, gravidity, and maternal weight and height. Cigarette smoking did not preclude sufficient lactation after premature delivery in all cases. However, low milk production rates and lactation failure were more common among lactating women who smoked than among those who did not smoke. The combination of low milk volume and low milk fat concentration may explain the reported early weaning of breasted infants by mothers who smoke cigarettes. They then conducted a separate meta-analysis for each disease.
Results show children of smokers have a disproportionate number of medical conditions.
Listed below are the estimated numbers of cases impacted by environmental tobacco smoke annually. If a family member smokes indoors, increase ventilation by opening windows or using fans. Do not smoke if children, especially infants and toddlers are present. They are especially susceptible to the effects of passive smoking. Do not allow baby-sitters or others who work in your home to smoke in the house or near your children.