The mean annual temperature ranges from 45 to 52 degrees F., and the mean annual precipitation ranges from 27 to 36 inches. The frost-free period is 140 to 165 days. These are the Castalia , Marblehead , Millsdale , and Milton soils. The Castalia soils and the somewhat excessively drained Marblehead soils have a lithic contact within 20 inches. The Milton and very poorly drained Millsdale soils are fine textured.
Permeability is moderately rapid.
The potential for surface runoff is negligible to low. A large part has been cleared and is cultivated. Corn, soybeans, wheat, and hay are the principal crops. Some areas are in woodland, permanent pasture, or are idle. The native vegetation is deciduous forest.