Seed treatments are inexpensive and effective. This will promote rapid seedling emergence and vigorous seedling growth, and help the seedling escape seed decay and seedling disease. Many pathogens survive between cropping seasons on crop debris. Continuous culture allows the pathogens to perpetuate and multiply. Rotation will reduce the survival and increase of pathogens within the field.
Pathogens survive between planting seasons on plant debris.
Deep plowing will physically remove debris from the plant and also hastens decay. As the debris decays, the pathogens will die out. Plant resistance is the most efficient and least expensive management practice. However, resistance to all known diseases is not available, and resistance may not last forever. Pathogens sometimes develop new races which overcome plant resistance.