It is detected by immunohistochemical stain on tissue section. C. P-53 Tumor suppressor gene and its protein product is a nuclear transcription factor related to cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. Detected by immunohistochemical stain on tissue section. By flow cytometry, the DNA ploidy patterns and ploidy levels of the stem cells and their cell cycle kinetics can be determined. Isolated tumor cells are obtained from the solid tumor by mechanical dispersion or enzyme dissection.
Most laboratories currently use tumor tissue embedded in paraffin block.
The tumor cells are stained with dye specific for DNA, suspended in fluid and passed through the laser beam. The DNA content is plotted in a histogram. Benign tissue in the same specimen is processed similarly to serve as diploid control. The ploidy level of stem cells is compared with benign diploid cells in the form of DNA index. The remaining tumors have intermediate prognosis.