The stress of vacuum-coated plastic packaging machines is measured under production conditions. A simulation apparatus is build to simulate these production conditions in an laboratory scale.
Oxygen permeability is used as the parameter to indicate stress induced changes of the tested films.
The method allows statements regarding machinability of plastic films at an early stage of development. Heat transfer phenomena in plate heat exchangers. The steady state and transient state of heat transfer in plate heat exchangers is simulated numerically. The found data allow the calculation of industrial scale heat exchangers consisting of several different divisions or the on-line control of the pasteurization effect. Unit operations in bottling lines.