In effect, the presumption of innocence has been effectively reversed. We have grotesque provisions of law to prevent cheating and fraud. The funny thing is, the more we tighten our election laws, the more those few who are so inclined will find ways to violate the law and avoid getting caught. The conduct of elections become too expensive for the government. Ballot boxes which look like tanks, self-locking metal seals, paper seals, padlocks, special election paper, watermarks, voting booths, indelible ink, etc.
Nobody admits defeat.
As a result, pre-proclamation controversies and election contests abound, a continuing nightmare for the Comelec, and ultimately, the Supreme Court. Thus, candidates add four more to the Ten Commandments. I understand no country has completely succeeded in this regard. The partial solution is to modernize the electoral process so that everyone will trust the election results. While this requires a large amount of capital expenditure in terms of equipment and training, over time, it will make the electoral process less expensive.