The predation limiting hypothesis proposes that predation is the primary factor that limits prey density. In this non- equilibrium model recurrent fluctuations occur in the prey population. This implies that the prey population does not return to some particular equilibrium after deviation. The predation limiting hypothesis involves a density independent mechanism. This hypothesis predicts that losses of prey due to predation will be large enough to halt prey population increase.
Many studies support the hypothesis that predation limits prey density.
Bergerud et al. However, they go on to point out that this upper limit will not be sustainable, but will eventually lead to resource depletion and population decline. Wolf predation at the Quesnel Lake area remained high despite a fifty percent decline in the caribou population, indicating that mortality due to predation was not density-dependent within this range of population densities. Dale et al. They also state that wolf predation may affect the distribution and abundance of caribou populations.