LDCs continue to use natural gas as a primary fuel instead of wood for cooking and heating. There is a widening of the wealth gap in many countries. The pessimistic view warns that population momentum will propel humankind beyond the carrying capacity of the earth creating much human suffering. The tropical rain forests are predominantly located in the temperate biome. Soils best suited for agriculture are referred to as loam.
Marginal lands are increasingly less resilient to human and climatic disturbances.
Malthus believes that the human population is growing exponentially and the food supply is growing arithmetically. Eventually the world's population will exceed the food supply leading to widespread misery and suffering. The Green Revolution was established in the 1960's as a plan to increase crop yield by using technology to grow and cultivate crops. Technologies used include cross breeding and mutation by radiation, gene transfer using a gene gun, planting monocultures, and using computers and better fertilizers to promote greater crop yields. The Tragedy of the Commons is when a person or persons degrade an environment by overgrazing and overexploiting resources for their own advantages and usually at the expense of others and future generations.