It is the primary electrolyte found in intracellular fluid. Potassium is an important factor in the regulation of water balance, acid-base levels and blood pressure. It plays a vital role in the transmission of nerve impulses and the building of muscle tissue. It is also required for carbohydrate and protein metabolism. Fish such as salmon, cod, flounder, and sardines are good sources of potassium.
Potassium deficiency is uncommon in the United States.
However, a variety of factors can cause the loss of potassium from the body, including vomiting, diarrhea, and the taking of certain diuretic drugs. Moderate potassium deficiency can result in a variety of conditions, including hypertension, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, depression and fatigue. Severe deficiency may cause decreased heart rate, extreme muscle weakness, bone fragility and, if left untreated, death. Excess potassium intake can cause a condition called hyperkalemia. Symptoms include weakness, irregular heartbeat, a slow or absent pulse, paralysis, kidney failure and, in extreme cases, respiratory arrest.