For example, by increasing interleukin-1 secretion by macrophages. For example, some adjuvants induce interferon production by cells. This cytokine activates T cells. This component of the outer membrane of gram - bacteria is a potent inducer of innate immune responses. In addition, it binds to B cells, triggering them to divide and produce antibody regardless of the specificity of the antibody.
Pokeweed mitogen is a lectin , a protein that binds carbohydrate.
This lectin binds glycoproteins on B and T cells, triggering them to divide and become effector cells. Superantigens are the most potent T cell mitogens known. A minimum of 4 out of the 6 CDRs in an Fab must interact with antigen to have effective binding. CDRs range from about 7 to 17 amino acids in length. They sometimes contribute to antigen binding but mainly provide the proper support or framework for the CDRs.