Meningocele, which does not involve the spinal cord, can be repaired surgically, usually with no paralysis. Most children with meningocele develop normally. However, affected children should be evaluated for hydrocephalus and bladder problems so they can be treated promptly, if necessary. A baby with the most severe form of spina bifida usually is operated on within 24 to 48 hours after birth. Doctors surgically release the spinal cord, replace it in the spinal canal and cover it with muscle and skin.
Prompt surgery helps prevent additional nerve damage from infection or trauma.
However, nerve damage that has already occurred cannot be reversed and limb paralysis and bladder and bowel problems usually remain. As soon after surgery as possible, a physical therapist teaches the parents how to exercise their baby's legs and feet to prepare for walking with leg braces and crutches. Studies show that about 70 percent of affected children are able to walk with or without these devices. The rest need a wheelchair. In general, the higher the cyst on the back, the more severe the paralysis.