DNA pieces seen as bands . Virtually all studies on DNA, RNA, or proteins DNA sequencing, DNA fingerprinting, gene cloning. Uses DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus.
Primers determine segment of DNA that is amplified.
Virtually all studies where amplification of specific regions of DNA is needed Court cases, fossil DNA, phylogenetic studies, etc. Synthesize complimentary DNA to original template. Include modified bases that prevent further DNA synthesis. Separate fragments by electrophoresis. Gene identity and mapping.