Depth to hard bedrock is 38 inches or more. The Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. Some pedons have an A horizon 1 to 5 inches thick. The E horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is fine sandy loam or loam.
Reaction is strongly acid or moderately acid unless limed.
Some pedons have a stony surface layer. It is loam, sandy clay loam, sandy loam, clay loam or their channery, flaggy or very flaggy analogues in the lower part. The Bt averages from 25 to 35 percent clay. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to very strongly acid. These are the Liddieville , Pamunkey , Sandhill , Stiversville , and Toine series.