The manifestations of this disease are a result of the fragility and inflexibility of the sickle red blood cells. When exposed to dehydration , infection, and low oxygen supply, these fragile red blood cells assume a crescent shape causing red blood cell destruction and thickening of the blood. Sickle cell anemia can affect many other body systems. Although this disease is inherited and present at birth, symptoms usually don't occur until after 4 months of age. Prompt treatment of infections, adequate oxygenation, and maintaining normal hydration status may prevent sickling of red blood cells.
Prenatal diagnosis is now possible for couples at risk of producing a child with sickle cell anemia.
The objective of therapy is the comprehensive management and control of symptoms relating to crises. Bed rest to minimize energy expenditure and oxygen requirements during a crisis is recommended. Low oxygen levels result in acidosis which causes sickling. Folic acid supplementation is a continuous therapy. Analgesics and adequate hydration are provided for acute , painful episodes.