The frost free period ranges from 135 to 200 days, and elevation ranges from 570 to 860 feet above msl. These are the Alton , Atherton , Chenango , Fredon , Halsey , Hinckley , Hoosic , Oakville , Plymouth and Tunkhannock series. The excessively drained Hinckley and Plymouth soils, somewhat excessively drained Alton, Chenango, Hoosic and Tunkhannock soils, and well drained Oakville soils are on similar landscape positions. The somewhat poorly drained Fredon soils, poorly drained Atherton soils, and very poorly drained Halsey soils are on lower landscape positions. The potential for surface runoff ranges from negligible to low.
Permeability is rapid in the solum and rapid or very rapid in the substratum.
The soils are mainly idle or used for pasture, hay, corn, and small grain. Limited areas are in deciduous fruit trees. Woodlots are dominated by oak-hickory associations at the southern limit of the series while sugar maple and American beech are prominent near the northern limit. In widely scattered areas ranging from borders of the Adirondak Mountains of New York to northern New Jersey and northeastern Ohio. Jefferson County, New York, 1911.