Electronegativity is a measure of the attraction of an atom for electrons in a covalent bond. Fluorine, the most reactive non-metal, is assigned the highest value since it has the greatest attraction for the electron being shared by the other element. Oxygen is also highly electronegative and has a strong attraction for electrons.
Metals have low electronegativities since they have weak attraction for any shared electrons.
When two unlike atoms are convalently bonded, the shared electrons will be more strongly attracted to the atom of greater electronegativity. Such a bond is said to be polar . A polar bond results in the unequal sharing of the electrons in the bond. The presence or absence of polar bonds within molecule plays a very important part in determining chemical and physical properities of those molecules. Some of these properties are melting points, boiling points, viscosity and solubilities in solvents.