The term periodontal disease describes a group of localized infections that affect the tissue surrounding and supporting the teeth. The two most common forms of periodontal disease are gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis, an early and reversible condition, is an inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the teeth. Persons with gingivitis have tender, edematous, red gums that may bleed upon gentle pressure, such as from toothbrushing. For all persons, the keys to preventing periodontal disease are good oral hygiene and regular dental care.
Periodontal disease is initiated by the toxic metabolic products of bacteria in dental plaque.
Other associated factors include smoking, vitamin C deficiency, dental restorations, and prostheses. Periodontal disease appears to be aggravated by increased levels of blood glucose and by other conditions associated with poor glycemic control. Certain conditions associated with diabetes may contribute to periodontal disease among diabetes patients. Effective preventative care is essential. Remember the following information which is vital to the dental care of diabetics.