Crosby is known for the concept of Zero Defects. In order to correct this problem of quality, management must set a new standard, that is, zero defects. The principles of goal setting theory were formally articulated in 1968 by Edwin Locke. The goal setting theory is considered a motivational technique originating from the ideas of Taylor. Carson believes research on goal setting supports Deming.
Quality suffers because attention, effort, and energy are directed toward quantity.
Thus far, the TQM concept has been encouraged in today's organization. However, some researchers question whether TQM can be utilized on a truly practical level. Several articles have been written regarding successful TQM implementation, including management accounting and control systems, the banking industry, hazards management, service organizations, and the educational setting. However, there are also articles that are not as favorable. A formal plan can be used in benchmarking results against listed variables, even if those variables change frequently.