For transportation systems, there are problems of route planning, traffic monitoring and flow optimization. This may involve making real time decisions based on remote sensing data, where the problem size is massive and solution efficiency is critical. Because of the inherent geometric constraints, geometry algorithms are often involved. Special meshes are needed for studying shock waves and vortices in fluid flows. Robotics needs geometry algorithms to solve robot motion planning problems.
Problems involve geometry algorithms for moving polytope objects past polytope obstacles.
The robots involved can be used for industrial purposes, or can be fully or semi autonomous vehicles. For example, autonomous robots we send to other planets will need to have computer vision for reconstructing scene geometry models which are then used for exploratory motion planning. Surface and volume design may include simple geometric primitives or more esoteric surfaces and shapes plus their layout in the product. Molecular Biology has a high demand for geometry algorithms to model and analyze large scale molecular models associated with proteins, DNA, etc. A specific promising problem is to model the spatial structure of proteins, and use this to design drugs that geometrically bind with their receptors.