The same political party, the Botswana Democratic Party or BDP has been in power since independence. Elections occur every 5 years with 10-15 parties vying for power. All changes in power have been peaceful and democratic and have followed the guiding principles of the Botswana constitution. Political freedom is extensive and peaceful, though heated political rallies by ruling and opposition parties are a regular feature throughout Botswana. Most income is from diamonds, vehicle manufacturing, beef exports, tourism, other forms of manufacturing, income and customs taxes.
Monetary policy is aimed at reducing inflation and keeping it at a low and stable level.
The Bank of Botswana, a parastatal organisation, promotes and maintains monetary stability, an efficient payments mechanism, and a sound and properly functioning domestic financial system. The trade sector has recorded large growth particularly in the retail area based on buoyant consumer spending. Employment growth rates are lower than the estimated growth rates of GDP and the labour force.