A variation of this item might qualify for a high stakes assessment. Another example of a knowledge integration activity is a project. Projects are important components of an instructional framework intended to promote knowledge integration and form a part of the repertoire of strategies for assessing knowledge integration. Projects help teachers diagnose student learning practices and prepare students to do well on consequential knowledge integration assessments. For example, the Westinghouse talent search rewards students for scaffolded completion of science projects considerably more complex than that in Figure 7 .
Projects challenge schools to provide equitable access to coaching.
Depth of Coverage and Knowledge Integration Students bring powerful and misleading ideas to science classes. To gain coherent understanding, they need to connect these ideas to science instruction. If students fail to connect their prior knowledge to their science instruction, they may decide that school science differs from everyday life. Students might conclude that objects in motion come to rest at home but continue in motion at school, for example. Establishing the practice of building on ideas and applying science in some novel fields means that students are prepared to learn from future experiences.