These nearly level to moderately sloping soils are in well dissected uplands of the northern Piedmont Plateau. Slopes range from 0 to 15 percent. Mean annual temperature is 50 degrees F and mean annual precipitation is 40 inches. The solum ranges in thickness from 24 to 40 inches. Depth to bedrock is 42 to 60 inches.
Rock fragments are usually either concretions or serpentine stones and fine gravel.
Gravel content ranges from 0 to 20 percent in the solum and from 10 to more than 50 percent in the C horizon. Stone content ranges from 0 to 10 percent in the C horizon. The soil is strongly acid to mildly alkaline, with acidity decreasing with depth, unless limed. The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 3 or 4. An A horizon, where present, has value of 3 or 4, chroma of 1 or 2, and is less than 4 inches thick.