Define the abnormal curvatures of the spine, such as kyphosis, lordosis, and lateral scoliosis. List the joints that are routinely inspected and palpated. Describe range of motion of the various joints of the body. Describe the technique for detecting effusion of the knee. Your patient is a 68 year old obese female with a history of bilateral knee pain that has worsened over the past 2 years.
Pain tends to increase with activity.
She states that she can walk only an eighth of a mile before she has to sit down to rest her legs. Pain decreases with rest. She also reports that it is much harder for her to walk down stairs than to climb up stairs. Her past medical history is significant for hypertension,coronary artery disease, and diabetes mellitus. She denies any trauma to her knees.