Glues, finishes satisfactorily. Furniture, Veneers, Unfinished Furniture, Interior Finishing, Cabinets, Novelties, Boxes, Crates, Ties, Pulpwood. Distilled to make acetic acid and wood alcohol. Very heavy, hard and stiff. High wear and shock resistance.
Pores grow smaller from spring to summer wood.
Very heavy, hard and strong. Abrupt variation in pore size from springwood to distinctly smaller in summerwood. Extra care required in seasoning. Fine Furniture, Unfinished Furniture, Flooring, Subflooring, Interior Trim, Cabinets, Handles, Boxes, Farm Implements, Boats, Ships, Barrels, Kegs, Casks. Moderately stiff, relatively stable, easily worked.