Humans hunted the largest member of this family, the great auk, into extinction by 1834. Puffins possess specialized adaptations that allow them to thrive in the harsh, cold ocean waters of the northern hemisphere. A layer of fat acts as insulation while their feathers trap air for extra warmth. They also produce oil from a special gland by their tail. The oil, once spread over their tail feathers, helps repel water.
Puffins are colonial nesters that lay one egg each year.
During the breeding season, their bills become vivid and colorful. Both parents incubate the egg and feed the chick. Their specialized bills are laced with sharp hooks that help hold fish. One puffin had more than 60 fish in its bill at one time. Natural predators include gulls, sharks, and killer whales.