In this way, voters can force lawmakers to deal with difficult issues. There are two meanings to innovation. An innovation can be thought of as an original, idea or invention, such as transistor radios or hybrid corn. Innovations can also be the changes that take place within a culture that result from ideas which are created within the culture group itself and subsequently adopted by that culture. After the Industrial Revolution dramatic increases in innovation began to alter cultures throughout the world.
Many intelligence tests exist.
They are used frequently but their usefulness is widely debated. Intelligence tests were developed by Alfred Binet, a French psychologist, in 1904. They do measure the ability to solve certain problems, but do not measure the ability to acquire new ideas or new behavior and adapt it to fit other situations. Most psychologists agree that the latter is intelligence. Thus, IQ tests may have limited usefulness and may not provide an adequate means to predict the likelihood of a student doing well or poorly in school.