Assam is primarily rural land consisting of river valleys, plains, and forests. Unfortunately, flooding and earthquakes are common occurrences. Wild elephants roam freely in the area, while domesticated elephants often are used as a means of transportation. Most of the Assamese live in villages, and only a small fraction live in towns or cities. More than half of the villagers are farmers.
Rice is the principal crop, followed by tea and a fibrous Indian plant called jute.
Mustard plants, potatoes, and fruits are also grown. Because the area has an abundance of rain, the farmers are able to produce rice year-round. About half of India's tea is grown on plantations that are located in Assam. Other occupations that are held by Assamese villagers include small shops, fishing, and basket weaving. Those living in towns sometimes work as school teachers or office assistants.