The tutor coaches the student as the student solves a multi-step problem, such as solving a complex algebra word problem or discovering the laws governing a simulated economy. The student works with software tools, such as spreadsheets, graphs and calculators. The tools are often designed especially for the task, such as a kind of scratch paper that facilitates entering the types of equations or other notations that the task demands. To solve the problem, the student must make many user interface actions before entering a final solution. After each action, the coach remains silent or it may make a comment.
Most tutors remain silent as long as the student is making good progress toward a solution.
They make comments only when the student has made a mistake, has wandered down an unproductive path or has asked for help. These comments are one main form of instruction. This is another important form of instruction. Another type of ITS engages the student in a Socratic dialog. The tutor designs questions that will uncover and remedy the students' misconceptions, often by getting them to recognize contradictions in their beliefs.