Sediments can accumulate and fill in stream channels and lakes, which contributes significantly to flooding. The soil particles can also carry chemical pollutants and nutrients with them into the water. In addition, the suspended soil particles in the water may reduce light needed for photosynthesis by plant life, clog the gills of fish and have other negative effects on aquatic life. Toxins Toxins are chemical substances that can cause harmful health effects, and sometimes even cancer. Their impact on health may be acute, occurring quickly after exposure, or chronic, occurring over a long period of time.
Pesticides refer to all substances used to destroy unwanted vegetation, insects or other animals.
The presence of toxins in water may render it unusable for fishing and swimming and will make it more difficult and expensive to treat before it can be safely used for drinking. Pathogens Disease-causing microorganisms, or pathogens, are often present in human or animal fecal matter. The extent of pathogens in water is typically indicated by levels of fecal coliform, a type of bacteria found in human and animal feces. In New Jersey, the presence of pathogens beyond levels deemed safe results in closure of bathing beaches, condemning of waters for shellfish harvesting and restrictions on drinking water supplies. Oxygen Demand Oxygen is a natural component in all bodies of water, and it is needed by all aquatic plant and animal life.