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Mongolian herders have experienced the worst winter in the last thirty years. This is the cumulative result of last summer's drought, an extremely severe winter and repetitive snowstorms compounding problems posed by years of pastural degradation. The provinces most affected by the extreme climatic conditions were identified as Dundgovi, Ovorhangai, Zavhan and Uvs. In total, these provinces comprised 9.39 million head livestock or nearly 30 percent of the national herd and flock. Total deaths in the four provinces during the first quarter of this year amounted to 1.15 million head.