Rock fragment content ranges from 1 to 30 percent. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral. The C horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. Textures are stratified and dominantly sand, coarse sand, loamy sand, or loamy coarse sand and their gravelly or very gravelly analogues. Gravel content averages 10 to 50 percent.
Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
Some pedons have clayey or loamy substrata below 60 inches. These are the Boyer , Brownsburg , Burnsville , Council , Eleva , Hillsdale , Lapeer , Mecan , and Wyocena series. Boyer, Burnsville, and Wyocena soils have sola less than 40 inches thick. Brownsburg soils have a lithic contact in the lower part of the control section. Council soils have rock fragments predominated by sandstone channers.