They formed in silty alluvium washed dominantly from loess covered hills and till plains. Mean annual temperature ranges from 50 to 57 degrees F., and mean annual precipitation ranges from 35 to 46 inches. These are the poorly drained Birds , somewhat poorly drained Wakeland , and moderately well drained Wilbur and Blyton soils. These soils are on lower lying flood-plain steps. The potential for surface water runoff is negligible to low.
Permeability is moderate.
These soils are dominantly subject to rare to frequent flooding for very brief or brief periods in late winter and spring in normal years. A few areas are subject to flooding of long duration. Most areas are used to grow corn and soybeans. Some of the narrow flood plains are used for forest or pasture. The native vegetation is deciduous forest, mainly of beech, elm, hickory, hackberry, buckeye, sugar maple, oak, and sycamore.