An academic center affiliated with the Division of Toxicological Sciences in the Department of Environmental Health Sciences of the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. The summer of 1995 was remarkable for the range of activities in which the Center had a direct impact on national and international discussions. The other invited speakers were Drs. Michael Balls, Herman Koeter, Maria Gomez Lechon, and Horst Spielmann.
More fundamental research is essential to develop new non-animal methods.
A reduction in animals use can be achieved if procedures involving animals are better designed and analyzed, and if stronger scientific justification is required before animal experiments are permitted. New animal tests should be required to satisfy similar standards of validations as non-whole animal methods to achieve regulatory acceptance. Although there are countries with minimal legislation on human and animal experimentation, changing the site of animal testing to those countries in order to avoid more stringent regulations in other nations is considered to be unethical. A second important event was an invitation by the Japanese Society of Toxicology to be one of two keynote speakers at their annual meeting. Frank Sharp, Professor of Neurology at University of California, San Francisco, and I both spoke on the issue of alternatives.