To create these deposits during a single flood year, as creationists suggest, would have required organisms to have produced carbonate mud deposits at the unbelievable rate of 80 centimeters per day. Likewise, deep-ocean sediments would have to have accumulated at 80 million times the maximum known rates of deposition. Creationist models of plate tectonics, devised to explain the sudden opening of oceans at the end of the flood year, pose thermal problems that appear impossible to solve. Such a textbook, he wrote, is a difficult one to defend on the grounds of evidence from earth science. American Scientist is an illustrated bimonthly magazine of science and technology published by Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society .
Mutated genes give rise to the aberrant growth patterns that characterize carcinogenesis.
The previously sedentary cancer cell now becomes mobile, a feat that requires the underlying protein skeleton to become reconfigured for movement. Noorden is head of the Department of Cell Blogy and Histology at the Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam. Meade-Tollin is a research assistant professor at the University of Arizona College of Medicine in Tucson, and Bosman is chair of the Institute of Pathology at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland. The tallest trees must lift water from the ground to leaves as high as 300 feet. Despite the broad acceptance of such a theory, it requires much higher negative pressures than have ever been measured in plants and, in some cases, an absurdly high cohesive strength for water to keep it intact under such tensile stress.