Well drained Cheshire and Wethersfield soils, moderately well drained Ludlow and Watchaug soils, poorly drained Wilbraham soils, and very poorly drained Menlo soils are on landscapes where the soil is deeper than 60 inches Holyoke soils are on ridges where the underlying bedrock is between 10 and 20 inches deep. Somewhat poorly drained Bash soils are on floodplains. Berlin soils are fine-textured and are on glaciolacustrine terraces. Branford, Ellington, Hartford, Manchester, and Penwood soils are terrace associates formed in stratified glaciofluvial deposits. Surface runoff is negligible to very high.
Permeability is moderate to moderately rapid in the solum and moderately rapid in the substratum.
Many areas are cleared and in hay, pasture, silage corn, vegetables, nursery stock, and orchards. Some areas are wooded or in community development. Common trees are white, red, and black oak, red maple, hickory, gray birch, white pine, and hemlock. The series is of moderate extent, about 30,000 acres. Rockland County, New York, 1973.