Sinus involvement can lead to recurrent sinusitis or, rarely, perforation of the nasal septum. Laryngeal involvement can lead to hoarseness and upper airway obstruction. Endobronchial involvement Granulomas can occur in the trachea or the bronchial tubes leading to airway obstruction that can cause difficulty breathing and obstructive pneumonia. In addition to the hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes in the chest, sarcoidosis can affect lymph nodes in other parts of the body. Lymph node involvement outside of the thoracic region is more common among African Americans than Caucasians.
Most skin lesions are harmless, although they can cause scarring and disfigurement.
One type, lupus pernio, develops on the face and can leave scars. Another type, erythrema nodosum, develops on the legs and is quite painful. Erythrema nodosum Erythrema nodosum lesions are small, hard nodules that develop on the lower parts of the leg and usually disappear without treatment. The bumps appear rather suddenly and are tender and painful. Sometimes, they are accompanied by a mild fever and arthritis in the ankle and other joints.