From this premiss it follows that there are positive rights to integrity and autonomy which grounds the ideas of solidarity, non-discrimination and community. D. Applications 5. The four guiding ideas or principles do not abolish cultural variations in Europe as long as they comply with the principle of subsidiarity. Each country should have a national health service based on the principle of social insurance. A Patients' Charter, specifying patient rights and a role for patients in health care policy decisions, should be enshrined in the legislation of all European countries.
Patients have the right to consent and refuse treatment and experimentation.
Lay persons should sit on research ethics committees. Children born as a result of gamete donation have a right to information about their genetic parents, but donors should have no responsibilities or duties to such children. Embryos should be accorded a proportional moral status according to their degree of development. There should be protection of animals and the biosphere in legislation. Anonymity of organ donors should be further discussed.