A test to detect proteins in the urine is used as a screen to detect kidney damage. Controlling high blood pressure also decreases the risk of developing kidney disease. Advanced kidney damage results in the need for artificial filtration of the blood by dialysis and potentially the need for a kidney transplant. In some people, blood glucose levels can be successfully controlled with diet and exercise, but many people require insulin or oral tablets. Insulin injections are required when the pancreas fails to make sufficient insulin.
Patients requiring insulin often show signs of diabetes at a young age.
This is referred to as Type I diabetes . Diabetics whose pancreas makes insulin but develop elevated blood glucose levels due to resistance to the effects of insulin are often placed on oral tablets and diet therapy, although occasionally insulin injections are needed. Many drugs interfere with diabetes treatments by directly affecting blood sugar levels. For example, certain diuretics , corticosteroids , phenytoin, isoniazid, large doses of aspirin , and estrogens , can increase blood sugar. In addition, they may mask the symptoms associated with low blood sugar.