Those in the United States and the United Kingdom started with criticism and review of excessive diversity in the school curriculurn,while in Japan the reform efforts started with a review of excessive uni-formity in the curriculum. In Chinaqualities-oriented educationis needed. Due to the increasing proportion of students advancing to higher education,many countries have already or nearly realized theuniversali-zationof higher education. For example,in the United Kingdom the government has clearly announced its policy for the creation of a lifelong learning society. Parents,teachers and local organizations can create new schools or convert existing schoolsthat embody their own vision of ideal education by authority of a charter granted by state boardsof education,local school boards or other public institutions.
Operating expenses are coveredwith public funds.
Based on these principles,an extremely diverse range of education is available,includingeducation targeting children with learning difficulties or histories of juvenile delinquency,edu-cation in classes of children of different ages,and education focusing on the arts. However,if a school fails to meet educational goals in the charter granted by an authorizedsponsor,for example,not maintaining fixed levels of student performance,then the charter isrevoked.