Vector Fields and Hydrodynamics. Force fields have definite properties of their own suitable for scientific study. The discovery of electromagnetic induction in 1831 creates an important technological breakthrough in the generation of electric power. Electromagnetic induction makes it easy to generate alternating current while transformers make it practical to distribute it over long distances. Maxwell discovers that displacement current produces electromagnetic waves or light.
Many properties of light are properties of waves, including reflection, refraction, and diffraction.
The Michelson- Morley Experiment. In 1887, an exquisitely designed measurement of the earth's motion through the ether results in the most brilliant failure in scientific history. The Lorentz Transformation. If the speed of light is to be the same for all observers, then the length of a meter stick, or the rate of a ticking clock , depends on who measures it. Velocity and Time.