As computational sciences move from 1D to 2D and finally to 3D simulations, the need for new visualization and analysis tools becomes great. Based on our own experience with ZEUS-3D, we have found that our ability to understand the output of these simulations is entirely determined by the tools that allow us to visualize and analyze the results. Norman and his group are collaborating with NCSA visualization staff to develop an interactive visualization and analysis environment for ZEUS-3D based on AVS, which will have general utility for any 3D fluid dynamics code. It means, of course, that the spices can make the difference between a bland or tasty soup. Exactly how the radiation escapes the star is determined by the opacity of the stellar material.
Opacity is thus a vital quantity in any calculation of stellar structure or stellar pulsation.
As it turned out, the physical data we had been using, the opacities and equations of state of elements, were not very reliable. Those two parts of the database can be combined to produce reliable opacities for standard astrophysical mixes of elements from hydrogen through iron. And it's conceivable that our work may significantly affect our picture of the evolution and aging of massive stars because they evolve very quickly. They are very sensitive to stellar opacity. These changes, called fronts, can be produced by sudden changes in pressure, temperature, or ionization, for example.