Transform faults connect ends of offset ocean ridges. Sedimentary rocks at the bottom of a geocline are as old as the initial rifting that formed the ocean basin. The fluid motion of the asthenosphere is the cause of the Earth's magnetic field. Basalt magma is a more fluid liquid than that of andesite because it contains less silica and is at a higher temperature. Ground level ozone forms from sunlight interacting with nitrous oxide.
Nitrous oxide is a principle component of photochemical smog.
A significant source of atmospheric sulfur comes from burning of sulfur-rich oil. Atmospheric CO2 increases during the Fall and Winter and decreases during the Spring and Summer. The average annual level of atmospheric CO2 is increasing today. Glacial ice moves uphill during times of glacial retreat. Upper atmospheric ozone is created by lightning.