Coleman's social capital paradigm applies to schools as well as to neighborhoods. It includes parental involvement with the school and in the child's schooling. Another source of social capital is connectedness through knowing the parents of one's child or children. Theoretical Model for the Child Development Supplement Figure 1-1 presents our model of how children's outcomes are related to parental resources and parenting practices. In the second stage, resources such as time, expenditures and parenting style are modeled as a function of demographic and economic status from earlier stages.
Marital stress is included as a potential intervening factor in modeling parenting style.
The Instruments Child and Primary Caregiver. The child is assessed first, using a set of standardized tests and questions. The collection of information from a second caregiver is a unique aspect of this study. Each secondary caregiver fills out one SAQ about the child and a second SAQ about the household. While assessment of father involvement in the lives of their children is a key goal, we define the second caregiver quite broadly, since in many low-income households the second caregiver is a grandmother.