The polyhedron numbers referenced below are from the pictures of the Archimedean solids in Fuse's book Unit Origami . I have not included modules for octagons or decagons. I've made octagonal ones, but they're pretty flimsy, meaning that the resulting polyhedra cannot exist in the same house as cats without the aid of glue or a gun. If you can't figure out how to make octagonal or decagonal modules, send me email, and I'll make the diagrams. If you are interested in polyhedrons, I'd recommend reading Wenninger's Polyhedron Models , Holden's Shapes, Space and Symmetry and for a more mathematical treatment, Coxeter's Regular Polytopes .
Modular origami is found in many origami books.
Notable in these are the Fuse and Kasahara books mentioned above, as well as Gurkewitz's 3-D Geometric Origami , and Yamaguchi's Kusudama . Jeannine Mosely has invented a brilliantly simple module for the greater and lesser stellated dodecahedrons.