Hand gestures, especially the referencing gesture is used to refer to an object or person. The gesture of emphasis is used to stress a point that is being made verbally. Discuss some of the research findings on touching. Touch can convey messages of status and power, support, consolation, or sexual intimacy. The term paralanguage includes all vocal cues other than the content of the verbal message itself.
Paralanguage can also communicate emotions.
For example, rapid speech may mean that a person is happy, frightened, or nervous. Slower speech might be used when the person is uncertain or when he or she wants to emphasize a point. Summarize the evidence on detecting deception from nonverbal cues. Describe what polygraphs do, how accurate they are, and some problems with their use. The polygraph is a device that records fluctuations in physiological arousal as a person answers questions.