Eligible patients were identified from hospital pharmacy and medication administration records. A secondary definition of ARF required laboratory evidence and medical diagnosis documented on the patient's chart. There was no statistically significant difference in the risk for renal failure between the ketorolac and opioid groups. Patients given parenteral ketorolac for 5 days or less did not have an increased risk of ARF, compared to controls given opioids. When ketorolac therapy is extendedfor more than 5 days, the risk for ARF may be increased.
Pain control is an important but often underemphasized skill for the emergency physician.
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