The somewhat excessively Adams soils and the moderately well drained Croghan soils are drainage associates. Colton, Duane, and Constable soils formed in associated gravelly and very gravelly deposits. Nicholville and Salmon soils formed in silty deposits on nearby terraces. Somewhat poorly and poorly drained. Runoff ranges from very low to medium.
Permeability is rapid.
A few areas are used for growing hay or pasture. Idle areas support poplar and birch saplings or are covered by sparse stands of grass with Spirea and similar shrubs. Forested areas support spruce, pine, balsam fir, hemlock, and some hardwoods such as maples. The series is moderately extensive. Lewis County, New York, 1973.