Clinically, nevus of Ito is similar to nevus of Ota, except that it typically presents over the shoulder girdle region. Specific variants of nevus of Ota have been described in the literature under the names of nevus fuscoceruleus zygomaticus, plaque-type variant of blue nevus, or Hori nevus. The pathology of nevus of Ito is similar to that of nevus of Ota. The cause of nevi of Ota and Ito is unknown. Histologic findings for nevi of Ota and Ito are similar.
Overlying epidermis is normal.
Dermal melanophages may be present. This histologic classification correlates clinically with the observation that the more superficial lesions tend to be located on the cheeks, while deeper lesions occur on periorbital areas, the temple, and forehead. Cosmetic camouflage makeup can minimize the disfiguring facial pigmentation resulting from nevus of Ota. Otherwise, topical therapy is of no value in the medical treatment of nevi of Ota and Ito. Ophthalmologic follow-up care is necessary for patients with increased intraocular pressure.