No detailed studies of the California population have been published. Willow buds and twigs are major foods at all seasons, in addition to alder catkins. Also grazes and gleans from ground and low plants. Nests on the ground in a variety of sites, generally near alpine meadows. Brooding areas are near rock cover with adjacent short vegetation.
Nests are depressions in the ground, sparsely lined with grass or feathers.
No data found. During spring and summer, dependent on alpine meadows and rocky areas. Yearlong, diurnal activity. No data available for California population. Incubation is by female alone for 22-23 days.