Male fertility depends on adequate sperm production, unobstructed genital tract for sperm passage and satisfactory deposition of semen in the vagina. Sperm production can be impaired by environmental toxins, undescended testicles, varicocele of the testicle, testicular atrophy, prolonged fever, endocrine disorders, marijuana use, and medications such as testosterone and cortisone.
Obstruction can result from congenital abnormalities, infection and surgery.
Inadequate deposition of semen occurs with surgery, premature ejaculation, impotence and female genital tract abnormalities. Surgery may be necessary to correct abnormalities. With low sperm counts, semen can be collected and used to inseminate the woman. Eliminating toxins and medications that may impair sperm production, keeping the testicles cool by avoiding hot baths, tight clothing and overly warm environments, and eating a well balanced diet can help. Vitamin C and zinc can help increase the numbers of sperm.