Between gender and sides, peak pressure differences were found in the toe region, suggesting that males and females may have oriented themselves differently with respect to the ball. While jumping, greater loads occurred under the right foot, the side ipsilateral to the spiking arm. The peak pressure location was more lateral for the right midfoot region for both jumping and landing. During landing, males developed higher peak loads, peak pressures and contact area in the rearfoot, indicating a different strategy possibly due to landing from a higher height. Gender differences suggest that future experimental designs should maintain gender as an independent variable or, at the very least, research should be conducted separately for males and females.
Results show that there are laterality differences during a two-footed spike takeoff.
Regional differences suggest that dividing data into the toe, forefoot, midfoot, and rearfoot regions can yield valuable information, especially with respect to the interactions between region and either gender or side. France The purpose of this study was to quantify forefoot abduction and its change during current sport situations. Static footprints were also recorded for each subject. Three experimenters measured the angle between the rearfoot and the forefoot, separately from each set of footprints. These results suggest that forefoot abduction changes significantly between static and dynamic sports situations.