Selection of the appropriate measurement instrument for the job is very important. The Rule of 10 says that a measurement tool should have 10 times more resolution than the tolerance of the dimension. The following is true for common hand-held dimensional measurement tools. Rulers are quick and easy to use but have poor resolution. Calipers have better resolution.
Micrometers have better resolution yet, but generally have a smaller measurement range.
There are a number of types of automated inspection systems. This video shows the SHSU Flexible Manufacturing Cell which is equipped with linear potentiometers to automatically inspect parts for height and diameter. Click on this picture to see the SHSU Flexible Manufacturing Cell's automatic measurement system in action. Do Problems 1-3 on page 127 of the text. With the help of two friends, use the procedure on pp.