Gastrointestinal reactions occur less frequently than with the penicillins - they are usually associated with oral therapy, but sometimes with IV or IM administration. The cephalosporins are more likely than the penicillins to cause phlebitis, unless adequately diluted IV solutions are used. Oral, 125-500 mg twice daily. Probenecid has no effect on excretion. Bilirubin displacement in the neonate can occur.
Nephrotoxic potential is less.
Broad spectrum of action and excretion of drug in bile may cause superinfection and diarrhoea, and there is increased incidence of cholelithiasis. IM injections over 1 g should be divided and given in more than one site. 250 mg as a single dose. Oral, 1-2 g daily in 1 or 2 divided doses. Reduce dosage in renal impairment.