Choose one alignment per design element, and stick to it. Avoid centering content heavy documents. Consider multiple column formats. Pages with strong flush left or flush right alignments tend to be perceived as more sophisticated than mixed-aligned pages. Proximity Refers to the relationship established by clustered items.
Proximity is tied closely to the use of white space.
Items of a similar function are grouped together to establish design or logical connections. Too much white space yields discontinuity. Contrast Establishes a focal point through the use of disparate elements. Contrast can be established by varying alignment, color value, font weight, horizontal rules, etc. Check alignment 2.