Then those are our candidate causal mechanisms, and if they are sufficiently powerful and general in their cognitive capacities, then it might be a good time to look for their implementation in the brain. But if you go straight to the brain, you will find no causal mechanisms, explaining themselves. Perhaps very rudimentary ones, as some of the ape and dolphin experiments seem to show. Only successfully reverse-engineering can tell us what it is, and how it works. It is certainly not obvious, otherwise we would already have successfully reverse-engineered it by now.
Neural nets do quite well on some category learning tasks, as a first approximation.
Whether their capacity scales up to full-size human capabilities is still an empirical question. The means is in my head, but the data on which it operates is the handwriting sample. It can only be supported by positive examples of intertranslatability, or challenged by alleged examples of untranslatability. If I understand it, I will translate it into any language I know. Please do me a favor.