For example, some bacteria can convert harmful chemicals to safer forms, making them ideal for cleaning up oil spills and hazardous waste. Scientists are also curious about the deep sea's tiniest life because these organisms are among the oldest on Earth. Previously, these microscopic organisms had been discovered in another extreme environment hot springs in Yellowstone Park. Fingerprinting Microbes During a research cruise, scientists grow microbes taken from the deep sea in artificial media supplemented with various chemicals. One of the ways that scientists try and understand how extreme environments support life is by investigating the smallest known organisms that inhabit them microbes.
Microbes are microscopic, single-celled organisms without a nucleus.
These organisms, which include bacteria and viruses, form the base of the food chain. They can exist under conditions that would be lethal to most organisms. They also can flourish under extremes of pH, toxic metal concentrations, and even radioactive chemicals. At the University of Delaware, scientists are studying the microbes that exist in association with hydro-thermal vent chimneys. Using the deep-sea sub Alvin s manipulator arms, the scientists collect samples and bring them to the surface.