The boys and girls who lined each side of the gym came with some expectation to dance. They stood around attempting to muster enough confidence to take the plunge. The final two levels of involvement are passive and active resistance. Passive resisters perceive change as a problem. They seem to see only the negative side of a new program, policy, or challenge.
Passive resistance is marked by grumbling and whining.
But it usually stops when participation in a new process is clearly enjoyed by the majority. Passive resisters are followers, and they'll do what they see most people doing. These are the teenagers who came to the dance because everyone else would be there, but they felt so insecure they didn't enter the building. They looked for others hanging around outside, and critiqued the silly dancing going on inside. Sometimes these nonparticipants ran into an active resister.