The main message here is to avoid ANY activity which risks getting water from the aquarium into your mouth or in your eyes. A single short exposure is probably no reason to worry. Just gargle with an alcohol-based mouthwash like Listerine, or rinse your eyes with a sodium borate solution, and report the incident to your primary care physician. He'll keep an eye open for any problems that might result, and can give you blood tests if they are needed. You may also acquire a skin infection from contact with the water, especially if you allow an unhealed wound to come into contact with aquarium water.
Plastic gloves are now available in a variety of sizes.
I prefer the long ones you can buy from mail order suppliers that cover your hand and arm past the elbow. Always dry off with disposable paper towels, never cloth towels that might be used again by someone. This should help prevent most water borne pathogens. This kind of regular hand washing may seem at first a bit compulsive, but there is no question that it is the very best way to prevent infections from the aquarium, and if you think about it a moment, you'll probably see what we mean. Do your best to always follow these simple precautions and you should be fairly sure of avoiding most pathogens present in your aquarium.