Definitive host spectrum Swine - nonpathogenic carrier Primates, incl. Rumen ciliates of cattle, sheep, etc. and cecal ciliates of horses are commensals and nonpathogenic. These apparently aid in the digestive process but may not be essential.
None are of public health significance.
Transmission to young animals may be by regurgitation of trophs. Published by RM Corwin and Julie Nahm, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine.