I leave the rest up to your imagination. Boys are allowed to be assertive in the public domain, by and large girls are allowed to be expressive and connected. A central point in my book, is that this is a bad deal for everybody. We can do better than this. It can be both, major and be chronic, although it tends to be episodic.
Minor depression can be episodic but tends to be more chronic.
Bth are bad news, but very treatable. When I deal with a depressed man, I'm dealing with a guy who is disconnected which is a direct result of the way we raise boys in our culture. The psychological work is about teaching how to be related. I think that men need to learn relational skills in much the same that women needed to learn assertion skills a generation ago. Many possible formats, men's groups, couple therapy, marital enrichment weekend, management seminar courses.