There were 26 outbreaks between 1994 and 1996, four of these outbreaks at a college or university, compared with only 15 outbreaks occurring between 1989 to 1993, including two outbreaks at a college or university. Meningococcal disease usually peaks in late winter and early spring. The disease can easily be misdiagnosed as something less serious, because symptoms are similar to the flu. Anyone with similar symptoms should contact a physician immediately. If not treated the disease can progress rapidly and can lead to shock and death, often within hours of the onset of symptoms.
Meningococcal disease can affect people at any age.
Certain groups seem to be at increased risk of contracting the disease including those in close contact with a known case, patients with compromised immunity, and persons traveling to specific endemic areas of Asia, Africa, or South America. Since 1991, cases of meningococcal disease among 15-24 year olds have more than doubled. Recent evidence found students residing on campus in dormitories appear to be at higher risk for meningococcal disease. The highest risk appeared to be in freshmen living in dormitories, who seemed to have a six times higher risk than college students overall. Data also suggests that certain social behaviors such as exposure to passive and active smoking, bar patronage, and excessive alcohol consumption may increase students' risk for contracting the disease.