A typical alpha particle energy is 5Mev with a typical range of 50millimeters in air and 23 micrometers in silicon. Beta particles, electrons, positrons - Beta particles have the same mass as an electron but may be either negatively or positively charged. With small size and charge, they penetrate matter more easily than alpha particles but are far more easily deflected. Their high velocity, normally approaching that of light, makes them lightly ionizing. Neutrons - A neutron has the same mass as a proton but has no charge.
Neutrons are very difficult to stop.
Neutrons can be slowed by hydrogenous material. Water is an especially effective shield for neutrons. The capture of a neutron results in the emission of a gamma ray. Protons have a typical range of several centimeters in air and tens of micrometers in aluminum at energies in the MeV range. Cosmic Rays - Energetic heavy ions extending in energies beyond TeV and including all ions in the periodic table.