In addition, field studies are conducted in collaboration with partners outside the Netherlands, eg France, Thailand and Costa Rica. Reproduction of these fish produces clones. Research has focussed on the use and application of these techniques in selective breeding, i.e. estimating heritabilities, divergent selection of high and low lines, detection of QTL's, and estimating specific and general combining abilities in F 1 hybrids. Cryopreservation of sperm and the development of clonal gene banks.
Research focusses on the genetic and environmental factors which determine sex in fish.
In carp models have been developed which show varying sensitivity to the environment. Environmental control of sexual differentiation in European eel. Genetic regulation of sexual differentiation in common carp. Effects of estrogenic compounds on sex differentiation in carp. A.B.J. Bongers, E in het Veld, K. Abo-hashema, I. Bremmer, E. Eding, J. Komen, C.J.J.Richter.