If a Meteorite Is the Same Color as an Asteroid, Then It May Have Come From That Asteroid. Following is a graph showing patterns of reflectance from meteorites and some asteroids that are thought to be possible sources. It is redrawn from a graph in Rocks From Space by O. Richard Norton. This book includes considerable explanation as well. Wavelength is another word for color.
Reflectivity is another name for brightness.
The asteroids named on this diagram did not crash into Earth, but are asteroids that are still orbiting in the Asteroid Belt between Mars and Jupiter. This book treats the topic in more detailed and is a good book for someone who is technically oriented, though not necessarily a scientist. Pieces break off or the orbit may be changed. Asteroids can only stay in certain orbits. Once their course is deflected, the gravity of the planet Jupiter can fling asteroids or fragments out of the Asteroid Belt and into an orbit that crosses the orbit of the Earth.