Some pedons have carbonates. Tongues of the 2Bt horizon extend from 6 to 25 inches into the underlying gravel and coarse sand and range in distance apart from 12 to more than 36 inches. It is the gravelly, very gravelly, or extremely gravelly analogs of sand, coarse sand, loamy sand or loamy coarse sand. Strata of coarse sand or sand make up less than 10 percent of the stratification. Gravel content ranges between 15 and 78 percent.
Reaction is moderately alkaline.
Carbonates are present in most pedons. These are the Dakota , and Trempealeau soils. Dakota soils do not have carbonates in the lower part of the series control section. Trempealeau soils do not have gravel in any part of the series control section. Warsaw soils are on nearly level to strongly sloping topography on outwash plains, stream terraces, kames, and valley trains.