Visceral leishmaniasis is primarily transmitted through the bite of sandflies but is also transmitted by blood transfusions and sexual contact. The causative parasite invades the spleen, liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes and skin. After an incubation period of 2-6 months, symptoms appear with fever, dizziness, weakness and weight loss. If left untreated, this infection can become chronic and result in complications and infections such as pneumonia and can lead to death. The use of insecticides and repellents, proper sanitation and avoidance of sandfly breeding habitats are important preventive measures.
Medical consultation is necessary when the possibility of leishmaniasis is suspected.
Laboratory tests are necessary for a definite diagnosis and drugs are available for treatment.