DNA contains the genetic information, and RNA conveys that information to the rest of the cell and directs the synthesis of proteins. Proteins are vital molecules that are long chains of amino acids held together through a unique bond known as the peptide bond . Because each protein has such a unique shape, this shape is easily recognized by other molecules enabling proteins to perform unique functions. Enzymes are catalytic proteins which carry out many vital processes to obtain energy from food, keep the flow of ions in and out of cells occurring, carry oxygen, and create new molecules such as DNA, RNA, lipids, carbohydrates, and other proteins. Proteins provide a structural backbone for the cell as well and provide a means of moving molecules within the cells.
Microtubules are rod-shaped fibers that exist in cells and serve as railroad tracks.
Within the cell they move vesicles, mitochondria, and other materials and particles throughout the cell. Actin fibers exist within a single cell and give the cell its shape through its constant interaction with myosin also present in cell. Chemical interactions 1. In muscle, the fusion of thousands of cells whose membranes dissolve to form synsytium Small molecules are also important to the cell, and these have different purposes. They include water, salts, sugars, lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides.