Males initiate attacks and release chemicals which attract females. Galleries are distinctive. Galleries slightly etch the sapwood, hence the common name, engraver beetle. Frequently three galleries originate from the nuptial chamber in the shape of a tuning fork. Adult galleries are open and not packed with boring dust.
Pupae turn into adults to complete the cycle.
Evidence of attack includes fading foliage, red boring dust in bark crevices and occasionally small pitch tubes on trunks of live trees. Prevention is the best way to reduce the chance of a successful attack. Trees infected with dwarf mistletoe or overcrowded are more susceptible so reducing disease and density is very effective. Avoid bringing infested pine firewood home. Splitting firewood and leaving it exposed to the sun will promote drying of the material which will reduce suitability to the beetle.