This is after the time that the tide mark which is betwen the underlying calcified cartilage and overlying non-mineralized articular cartilage has disappeared. Once this disappears, drug apparently cannot diffuse easily into the sites where it causes problems. This shreds the cartilage. There is no information regarding the effect of quinolones on joints of horses, but there is a good chance of harm. The dog is the most sensitive.
Primates also have a problem.
Biomechanics of the joint drive the drug into the cartilage, therefore, the toxicity is seen in weight bearing joints. Drug interaction These drugs may interfere with hepatic biotransformation of theophylline and warfarin. These drugs are generally inactive against anaerobes. In humans, norfloxacin is generally regarded as effective for urinary tract infections. Ciprofloxacin is indicated for a wide range of systemic infections including pneumonias, bone infections, diarrhea, skin infections and urinary tract infections.