This is where we move our point of view, by moving every point in the world by a fixed amount. This produces the desired result. The matrix multiplications are not difficult. If you have a background in math, you should have no trouble seeing how it works. If you are unfamiliar with matrix dot products, you need to take a class in linear algebra.
Projection Compared to rotation and translation, projection is easy.
There are no matrices involved, just some simple algebra. The formulas are shown in Figure 3.2, along with the projection of some sample points. Notice that the farther away a point is in the z direction, the closer it is to the center of the viewport. As points approach infinity, their coordinates become centered. This makes sense.