Authors are scholars or researchers in their fields. Authors cite their sources in footnotes, endnotes, and bibliographies. Individual issues have little or no advertising. Articles must go through a peer-review process. Articles usually report original scholarly research.
Most illustrations are charts, figures, or graphs.
Authors use the specialized language or jargon of the discipline. Authors are free lance writers or magazine staff members. Authors may mention sources, but rarely cite them in notes or bibliographies. Individual issues contain many advertisements. There is no peer review process.