This problem is further complicated by the heterogeneity of the middle class where various factions compete with each other to put their own ideological imprint on the state which results in chronic instability of the state. The first section of the paper explains the specificity of Bengali islam on the basis of historical narratives. Dawn, C. Ernest. Pasha, Syed H. Towards a cultural theory of political ideology and mass media in the Muslim world. The fundamental concept of political ideology is 'The People' and their rights.
Mass media fulfill the universal human needs for information, socialization and entertainment.
The Muslim world is out of step with media potentials and needs to use cultural theory to advance in its use of media. The Critical Task of Arab Intellectuals 1992. Facilitated by European imperialism, this path of Arab development has resulted in a schism among Arab intellectuals. The impact of postmodern theory on secular Arab intellectuals is also discussed. In Reply to Mansoor Ehsan, Sharabi argues that Ehsan misconstrues his comments on the role of cultural criticism in effecting modernity in the Arab world.