When planning does not lead to higher performance, it is typically because the environment constrains options. Planning can't eliminate change. Changes are going to happen whether planning is taking place or not. However, planning can consider the possibilities of change and provide alternative scenarios for the various situations. Even if planning proves to be inaccurate, it still can be valuable.
Planning provides direction and purpose.
It minimizes misdirected energy. Thus, even though the result may miss the target, the clarification that planning provides is valuable to organizations and managers. Describe the eight different types of plans discussed in this chapter. Under the category of breadth, we have strategic and operational plans. Strategic plans refer to plans that are organizationwide, establish overall objectives, and position an organization in terms of its environment.