A FAQ on producing PCBs. This won't get you production-quality stuff, but it'll be fine for what you want. PCB layout hints I use 80mil by 55 mil pads for ICs. This gives a reasonable sized pad, and leaves enough room between for a fair-sized track. The larger the pads, the smaller the track through them, and that can start to get a bit hairy.
Octagonal pads make routing easier than round pads.
For resistors, diodes, capacitors, etc, I use 75mil by 75mil pads. This is a little large, but it holds them in well. Most tracks I use are 30mil wide, except for tracks between pins of an IC which I do at 20mil, and power tracks which I make 50mil where possible. Standard IC pads are on a 100mil spacing. Resistors can be 400mil or 500mil long, diodes can be 300mil or 400mil.