As in Gnosticism and other mystical systems, an important focus in life is the preparation for death so that one can transcend the reincarnatory nature of physical life. Humanism started with the Renaissance. It's an intellectual movement that concentrates on the individual and his role in making the world a better place. Problems in the world are to be solved by humans, through communal ingenuity. They are not the result of autonomous intellectual activity, or seemingly chaotic weather patterns, but happen in a particular way because they couldn't happen any other way.
Predestination is implied.
The idea that what will happen will happen and there's nothing you can do about it. The philosophy that we can learn things and have experiences just by thinking. The opposite of Rationalism. In philosophy, the notion that the computer screen you are now looking at is just a figment of your imagination, as is the chair you're sitting on. Philosophy for the straightforward.