If the coefficient of coincidence is greater than 1, there is negative interference, in other words a crossover in one region makes a corssover in the adjacent region more likely. D. Mapping involves finding and analyzing many different phenotypes 1. Many of thsee are markers that can be used to find and map other alleles 2. Linkage groups are groups of alleles that map to the same chromosome 3. Cytogenetic analysis is eventually used to assign the linkage groups to specific chromosomes 4.
Molecular markers are also useful.
A. A statistical test used to compare observed numbers of items with mathematically expected numbers to determine if the observed numbers are close enough to the expected to support the hypothesis. If the observed results cause rejection of the hypothesis of no linkage, then the genes must be linked. Calculate the expected numbers by multiplying the total number of offspring by the proportion you expect according to your hypothesis. 2. use the formula on page 148 to calculate the chi square statistic 3. The degrees of freedom are the total number of classes, minus one.