The best training methods use praise and positive reinforcement to train the dogs. Violence is not used. Trainers try to think like the dog. Then they look at what they want the dog to do. The training proceeds slowly toward success.
Most trainers use a hand leash when training the dogs.
Nylon slip collars or leather buckle collars cause less damage to the dog. Advanced training may require months of work. In this training dogs learn to protect their owner, or learn behavior for tracking, hunting, or for show. Communication with owners is important. Trainers make sure the owners understand what the dog can and cannot do.