Organisation A social group with a structure designed to achieve collective goals. Organisations provide the basis for purposeful collective action. Literally, taking part. The question for people concerned with governance issues is whether participation is effective. Effective participation occurs when group members have an adequate and equal opportunity to place questions on the agenda and to express their preferences about the final outcome during decision-making.
Participation can occur directly or through legitimate representatives.
A distinctive form of management consultation in which the consultant helps the client management group initiate and sustain a process of change and continuous learning for systemic improvement. Programme approach A method for governments and their partners to address, in a coherent and integrated manner, a set of development problems that in turn form a major national objective or set of objectives. The articulation of these problems, the strategies for their resolution and the resulting national goals and targets are contained in a national programme framework document. The part of the economy that is not privately owned, either because it is owned by the state or because it is subject to common ownership. Includes the national government, local authorities, national industries and public corporations.