However, once this process begins, there is no way to predict the outcome, what new knowledge may finally be gained. In addition to intent, in scientific research a method of research is applied which provides certain rules which the scientist is to follow. Furthermore, in each investigation a set of procedures is planned which makes the research orderly and efficient. The scientific method with its rules, with procedures carefully designed for each research project, refines and extends the effectiveness of ordinary human experience for the purpose of increasing valid knowledge about the natural world. It is necessary to observe as many pertinent facts as possible and as accurately as possible.
Quantitative measurements are vital in modern science.
Instruments greatly increase the scientist's power to do these things. They extend the scope of ordinary human experience. The next element in our definition of science is hypotheses and the testing of hypotheses. Scientists generally carry on their research projects with some idea of what they expect to find. They usually ask many questions and then, on the basis of what they already know, plus creative speculation about what they do not yet know, they attempt to devise explanations for what they have observed or to answer their questions.