The thoughtful application of selected research tools and conventions can open doors of understanding to which it may otherwise be difficult to gain entrance. Performing good research requires immersing oneself in the relevant literature, which represents the cumulative record of published material in the field. This in turns requires being able to read critically, efficiently extract relevant information, and synthesize disparate ideas in new and creative ways. Research is not restricted to scientific laboratories. It can be a way to inquire about almost anything one is curious about, has a stake in understanding, or for which one desires a fresh or expanded perspective.
Research typically includes both informal and formal components.
One often starts informally, making observations or gathering information that leads to new ideas or perspectives that one then explores more formally. Research can be qualitative or quantitative. This is different than formal or informal. Research can be fruitfully incorporated as part of the design process, either as part of a single project, or directed toward a class of projects or problems. It may also be employed more broadly as a means to inform critical thinking within the design profession.