The dog's uterus is a Y-shaped organ with two horns and a body. The uterine body and horns and the ovaries and the tubes connecting the ovaries to the horns are removed. The doctor uses digestible sutures for the cuts at the ovaries and the cervix, checks for any abnormalities, bleeders, etc., and closes the incision with layers of stitches. Time elapsed from start of surgery to the last stitch that closes the incision is about 25 minutes on bitches that have never come into oestrus. Bitches that have had one or more seasons or one or more litters and bitches that carry a lot of abdominal fat can take much longer.
Many veterinarians charge more for spays on mature bitches, for the surgery takes longer.
It's more expensive, but it's safer. It's more expensive and time-consuming, but it's safer. It takes longer, but it's safer. It costs more, but it's safer. It takes longer, but it's safer.