The importance of DNA is that it is the substance of genes, the units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring. DNA is found in any cells that are considered living. In order to extract DNA from different samples we will need a buffer solution. As a result of a buffer, biological fluids resist change to their pH when acids or bases are introduced. Buffer works by accepting hydrogen ions from the solution when they are in excess and donating hydrogen ions to the solution when they have been deplated.
Most buffers are weak acids or weak bases that combine reversibly with hydrogen ions.
A buffer carries with it a negative charge. A strand of DNA gets its structure as result of the hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous base pairs. DNA also contains histones, which are electrically charged. The negative charge of the buffer attracts the histones and breaks apart the bonds. This allows the DNA to be separated and easily extracted.