Snags, which are dead and dying trees, are often abundant in riparian habitats. They are used as hunting perches by bald eagles and as nest sites by osprey. Pileated woodpeckers use large snags for nesting, and their nest sites are usually no farther than three hundred and thirty feet from water. In North America, eighty-five bird species rely on snags for nesting and roosting and many species of mammals, reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates use snags. Riparian habitats with adequate plant cover benefit aquatic life.
Plants help retain soil and reduce erosion of the banks into the water.
They protect water quality by filtering sediments and non-point source pollutants from nearby uplands. Many animals in the water find cover beneath plants that extend beyond the bank. Insects, fruit, and leaves coming from these overhanging plants supply food for aquatic species. Woody material fallen into the water body creates structure, providing cover for fish and insects as well as basking sites for turtles, otters and waterfowl. Trees shade the water and keep it cool, an important factor for the health of aquatic ecosystems and an essential condition for trout and salmon.