There is also a reduced chance that a new policy will be adopted if the possible benefits promise to be only marginal or, in some cases, possibly less than those associated with the current policy. It is not surprising, therefore, that alternatives that represent continuation of current programs are usually preferred to those that represent change. The importance of professional policy analysis starts with the analyst's capability to copy the way the mind works in eliminating any ambiguities or uncertainties that result from perception of a problem. In order to determine the seriousness and possible consequences of a problem, the policy analyst must first identify the criteria used to define the problem, relevant contextual of environmental parameters and proper time constraints. The process of policy analysis involves the development and synthesis of alternative solutions for a given problem or set of problems.
Policy analysis is essentially a conceptual and theoretical activity.
By contrast, policy implementation is a practical activity, as the chosen alternatives must be acted upon and be followed over time. An imminent danger in the course of the analyst's work is choosing the right alternative to solve the wrong problem. Therefore, information about the desired outcome of a policy is as important as the information about the underlying problem itself, not least because it will also determine the manner in which the selected policies will be implemented. In the absence of proper criteria, it is virtually impossible for any policy analyst to decide upon the best policy alternative. Practically all research effort requires the definition of criteria, and the analyst is especially obliged to assess carefully various options and provide solutions, while outlining the positive or negative consequences each may imply for certain segments of the society.