Material choices depend on aesthetics, cost, maintenance needs, and climate. Concrete is the most common and cost-effective for both the substrate and the surface material. The top of this should be roughened to make it slip-proof. Metal substrates are also common, though they are subject to corrosion. Stone veneers, such as granite, limestone, and bluestone are often used, but require careful installation to keep mortar joints tight.
Marble is problematic because it is soft and slippery.
Handrail materials are usually metal. Bronze, brass, and cast iron are durable choices. Powder-coated steel and stainless steel are also durable and often less expensive. Steel is the most common choice, though, for longevity, it should be galvanized and painted. Metal railing can react to the salts used in de-icing to form a corrosive solution.