Problem solving plays an integral role in the mathematics program so that students are provided with some of the thinking and problem-solving skills necessary to help explain the world around them.
Problem solving is the process of accepting a challenge and striving to resolve it.
It is through problem solving that mathematics can be presented in a meaningful, applicable, and constructive manner for students. In 1945, George Polya published the book How to Solve It in which he outlines a four-step model to use in the solution of problems. It involves understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan, and looking back. Although problem solvers may approach a solution in the order outlined, they will often return to earlier stages because they have encountered an obstacle and it becomes obvious that another approach will work better. Students must analyze the problem and combine prior knowledge and experiences into a procedure that will arrive at a solution.