Ophthalmologists complete 4 years of medical school after college, a year's internship, and a 3-year residency in a hospital. Some ophthalmologists have trained in a specialized field. For example, Retina and oculoplastic specialists have completed a 2-year fellowship. Another type of doctor who can provide general vision care is an optometrist. They are specially trained to measure the powers of vision and examine the eyes.
Optometrists can prescribe eyeglasses, contacts, and other optical wear, such as low-vision devices.
Most orthoptists and opticians receive more graduate training after college. Orthoptists are certified allied health professionals who work with ophthalmologists and optometrists to measure the alignment of eyes. Opticians fill spectacle prescriptions and help fit patients for glasses. Opticians also make corrective lenses.