Researchers in the US, seeking pathogen free conditions, developed the isolette, a small metal box 2 feet by 2 feet with a small translucent window at the front. The walls and floor were solid and cold. In these conditions infant chimpanzees were housed for years totally alone until they went insane. Today There are now between 2000 and 3000 chimpanzees inside laboratories around the world. There are 2000 in the USA and between 200 and 300 in Europe.
PACE focuses on Europe because it is based in Europe.
The problem is actually worse in the USA but a few like minded organisations work at publicising the problem there. We feel we have to start closest to home. It applies to all EC member states and was passed on 24 Nov 1986. Both contract out to researchers from other countries. The BPRC is funded jointly by the European Community, the Dutch government and pharmaceutical companies.