Behavior modification is the application of learning principles to changing inappropriate or self-defeating behavior. Gestalt Psychology - originated in Germany with the view that many, if not all, human experiences cannot be broken down and analyzed as a collection of pieces. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Psychodynamic Psychology - Originated by Sigmund Freud in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. Emphasis on unconscious mental processes as prime motivators of behavior.
Psychoanalysis is a form of psychotherapy that explores the unconscious roots of emotional problems.
Women in Psychology Mary Calkins - Memory researcher, first woman APA president in 1905. Margaret Washburn - First woman awarded a Ph.D. in psychology in 1894. Most psychologists take an eclectic approach today. Usually, a doctoral degree takes between 5 and 8 years after graduation from college. Psychiatrists first graduate from medical school.