When formal mediation is not possible, then informal mediation should be attempted. Saving face can be a significant issue for parties. Mediators should strive to give parties some way to change their positions without losing face. Mediation at the highest levels should be complemented with education for the public. At the same time mediators must recognize the public officials are bound to their constituencies, and so their private views may have to give way to public positions.
Mediation is more effective when it emphasizes needs rather than values or interests.
Mediators must be neutral and impartial, yet still compassionate. Mediators must recognize the parties needs, their positions, and understand the larger context. Mediators must be credible to the contending parties. Effective mediation requires more than just goodwill, it requires expertise in the field of conflict management. Mediators help the parties analyze the issues.