Reaction is neutral or slightly alkaline. The 3C horizon has hue of l0YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is gravelly, very gravelly or extremely gravelly analogs of loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, sand or coarse sand. Thin strata of sand or coarse sand are in many pedons. Rock fragments range from 15 to 75 percent.
Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline and carbonates are present.
Baraboo, Dubuque, Knowles, La Farge, Palsgrove, and Westbend soils have a lithic or paralithic contact within a depth of 60 inches. Blackhammer soils are stratified in texture and color throughout the argillic horizon. Cadiz, Pepin, and Westmore soils have more than 25 percent clay in the lower part of the argillic horizon. Dodge and Lomira soils have carbonates within a depth of 40 inches. Hackers soils have less than 15 percent rock fragments in the lower part of the solum.