Eg Ritonavir and HIV protease. Suitable graphs are given in your notes on pages 73 and 74. At high temperature enzymes are denatured, while at low temperatures all reactions tend to slow down due to reduced movement of molecules. Extremes of pH may denature enzymes by affecting the ionization of side chains important in the structure of the enzyme and its active site. Vitamins are organic compounds which are necessary in the diet in trace amounts for normal growth, development and reproduction.
Most vitamins are either coenzymes or precursors of coenzymes.
An apoenzyme is a protein which is inactive as a catalyst by itself. A coenzyme is a relatively small organic molecule which binds to the apoenzyme to form the active holoenzyme. A coenzyme may catalyse the reaction by itself but without specificity and efficiency. The structure for NADH is given on p.75, and the general reaction is given on the top of p. 76. Hemoglobin carries oxygen in blood, from the lungs to the tissues.