They formed in silty sediments with a thick mantle of volcanic ash. Some pedons have residuum from gneiss and schist in the lower part of the solum.
Permeability is moderately slow.
Slopes range from 10 to 40 percent. The average annual air temperature is about 43 degrees F. Average annual precipitation is about 43 inches. Soil moisture - usually moist year round, not dry for 45 or more consecutive days from June to October. Udic moisture regime. Average annual soil temperature - 43 to 46 degrees F. Frigid temperature regime.