The biocidal action of the combination generally increased with higher temperature and pH, and decreased in secondary and tertiary effluents. These studies suggest that the combined disinfectant may be appropriate for use as long-term secondary residual disinfectant for relatively high quality water. However, further experiments examining biofilm prevention showed that the bacteria that survived after 48 hours disinfection had high catalase activity, hinting that the combined disinfectant may have limited effectiveness in continuous operation. Widespread use of the combined disinfectant, if practical, might result in potential for uptake in fish and humans. Monte-Carlo simulations were used to represent the uncertainty and variability of input parameters.
Results suggest that risks are minimal under all likely scenarios.
Zhang L, Batterman S, Wang S. Disinfection by-products in drinking water systems. Batterman S, Zhang L, Wang S. Quenching of disinfection by-product formation in chlorinated drinking water by hydrogen peroxide. Zhang L, Wang S, Batterman S. Reduction of bromate and bromoform formation by hydrogen peroxide during ozonation of bromide containing waters. Warila J, Batterman S. A probabilistic tropic level model for silver bioaccumulation in aquatic systems. Presented at the Society of Environmental Toxicology Annual Meeting, Chapel Hill, NC, November 1998.