Usually there is little or no fever present. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome is an infrequent and serious complication of E. coli infection, particularly in children under 5 years old. It is characterized by renal failure, or loss of kidney function. Many patients also develop anemia or a bleeding problem. Hospitalization and dialysis is usually necessary until kidney function recovers.
Many patients have some permanent partial loss of kidney function after they have recovered.
Symptoms of illness usually appear about 3 days after swallowing the bacteria, but can range from 1 to 8 days. Some however, may require hospitalization to administer IV fluids too prevent dehydration. Antibiotics may be prescribed by a physician to treat severe cases of illness. Most infected persons may return to work or school when they no longer have diarrhea and fever. Special precautions are indicated for food handlers, health care workers, and day care providers and children attending day care.