Lab grade water is single stage deionized water, RRL is quadruple deionized. These added stages provide us a base that is extremely pure. The active portion of the solution is a low level surfactant that is effective at lowering the surface tension, penetrating and lifting grease. This surfactant is both alcohol and phosphate free. Vinyl life expectancy may be reduced by alcohol based cleaners due to the heat created by the stylus in the groove without necessary lubrication.
Phosphates can bond to the surface of the record and are environmentally damaging.
Trisodium EDTA is added to the surfactant as a preservative, greatly reducing bacterial growth with no sonic signature. Carboglycinates are added as a vinyl lubricant, again chosen for its lack of sonic signature. Both compounds are vinyl and environmentally friendly. Weitzel, incidentally, is no fan of the nylon-bristled brushes most cleaning machines are used with, saying they're too coarse, too stiff, and too prone to damaging grooves. He believes it's better to use a gentle, non-aggressive brush to apply and spread the fluid, and to simply let the cleaner do its job chemically.