In order for bacteria to infect, they must first adhere to the mucosa. Risk Factors and Other Considerations for Maintaining a Healthy Urinary Tract Free flow, large urine volume, complete emptying of the bladder and optimal immune function are also major defenses against bacterial infection in the urinary tract. Plenty of fluids, particularly purified water, increase the flow of urine which flushes bacteria away. There are also a number of factors associated with increased risk of bladder infections. Structural abnormalities which block free flow of urine, physical trauma or irritation increase the risk.
Pregnancy is a major risk factor.
Bladder infections are twice as frequent during pregnancy when the fetus is pressing down on the bladder, preventing it from emptying completely. Sexual intercourse and homosexual activity in males also increase the risk. Drink plenty of fluids, especially purified water. Urinate after intercourse and pay particular attention to hygiene both before and after intercourse. Support your immune system with good nutrition.