The venom has not been studied extensively, but, at least in some species, contains 5-hydroxytryptamine. The venom of the North American giant desert centipede, Scolopendra heros , contains a cytolysin. Most likely other important components are present in these venoms that require further study. In addition to venom, some species exude defensive substances from glands found along the body segments. These secretions are usually nontoxic to humans, although at least one species of the genus Otostigmus does secrete a vesicating substance.
Most species are smaller and relatively innocuous.
The history of a centipede bite is usually straightforward. Seek medical care if pain persists or systemic symptoms occur. Local application of ice may reduce some of the discomfort. Others have anecdotally found that local heat application is more comforting. Tetanus status should be updated.