However, Constitutional authorization for full-scale, private ownership of land has not been implemented. Every employee must work under an employment contract that includes responsibilities, salary, leave, working hours, and dispute resolution. Russian law contains provisions against discrimination on the basis of gender, religious belief and age. Written reasons must be given for a refusal to hire a woman with a child under three years old or a single mother with child under 14 years old. Joint ventures, wholly owned subsidiaries, and accredited representation offices of foreign companies have the right to hire Russian citizens.
Russian law provides for a minimum wage, which is revised regularly to take account of inflation.
Russian legal entities, including enterprises with foreign investment, may not compensate employees who are Russian citizens in hard currency. The regular working week may not be greater than 40 hours. Any additional hours are considered overtime. Employers make social insurance and pension payments in the form of a percentage of their employees' total remuneration, including bonuses and benefits. There is no requirement to form a trade union organization and to have a union representative in the decision-making body of the employee.