Neither concentration near the city centre nor a concentration in the suburban fringes is observable. Secondly, there is some spatial concentration of these pockets of poverty in the northern and eastern parts of the Helsinki district during 1987 1995. Although this trend is clear, it is difficult to know how it should be interpreted. It is possible to offer at least three different interpretations to explain this new differentiation. All explanations reveal different views on the degree of seriousness of the situation and what measures are needed.
Migration is seen as an engine in the process.
Mari Vaattovaara, City of Helsinki Urban Facts, P. O. Box 303, FIN-00170 Helsinki, Finland. Terms used to define these projects inhabitant-orientation, participation, initiated participation and interactivity refer to the idea of communicative planning, according to which the public sector sees the presence of the local inhabitants as beneficial for the planning process. Interaction and communication make the public sector more aware of its own underlying preconditions for action. The logic of administrative action presupposes activities that embrace reality by acts of definition and practices of demarcation. In it s reach for the local human experience the public sector is necessarily prisoner to its own construction of reality.