Firms bankroll experts, alliances with safety groups to resist product changes, papers show.
Many people know that smoking is considered the nation's leading preventable cause of death.
But it is less widely known that cigarettes also are the leading cause of fatal fires, responsible for about a quarter of all U.S. fire deaths. Often, the 1,000 victims each year are not just smokers who drifted off to sleep, but children and other innocent bystanders. Yet many scientists and fire officials say these deaths could often be avoided because small design changes in cigarettes would make them less prone to start fires. But tobacco companies, claiming fire-safe cigarettes would not be commercially feasible, have repeatedly overpowered or outflanked such efforts. And the way they have done it, secret documents and interviews show, is a textbook example of a powerful industry using its wealth and ingenuity to stave off regulation.