Before 1973, primary schools were locally managed, but central government then took over responsibility. Most people in the villages feel that the schools are no longer their business. If a window breaks or a blackboard is damaged then it is the government that should repair it. Teacher absenteeism is a real problem. But the mosque with its makeab and madrassab are central to the community, which supports them accordingly.
People are keen to be involved in their upkeep.
In Dashpaika 30 per cent of the running costs and teachers salaries are paid from local funds. Madrassahs seem certain to go from strength to strength, while primary schools struggle to maintain the morale of teachers and pupils in very difficult circumstances.