In contrast, Indonesia's neighbors Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand either completely have discontinued use of the fuel or are in process of phasing it out. Although unleaded gasoline has been available in Indonesia since 1995, it is more expensive than leaded gasoline and its use has been very limited. Water Pollution Indonesian waters are highly polluted, especially in high traffic areas such as the Malacca and Lombok Straits, the major shipping pathway between Asia and the Middle East. Offshore drilling and ship and tanker traffic are the major sources of the pollution. Traffic through Indonesia's straits is expected to increase dramatically in the coming years.
Industry is another major source of water pollution.
The economic downturn has left industrial producers with less capital to devote to pollution mitigation. Increased population and decreased water supply have intensified the concentration of pollutants in the water, leaving Indonesians with a diminishing fresh water supply. The situation on the heavily-populated Java is becoming critical, as salinization and pollution are on the rise. Carbon Emissions Indonesia's per capita carbon emissions are lower than most other Asian economies. Although Indonesia has the fourth largest population in the world, its total carbon emissions remain below those of many of its Asian neighbors.