Many countries face difficulties in attracting, motivating, and retaining high quality employees.
These problems are more pronounced when there is an absolute shortage of qualified labor in a country. Civil administrations that face this constraint must pay particular attention to the limits and challenges this poses, and design recruitment and training programs accordingly. The graph below provides some international comparisons on educational achievement. To assess human resource quality within the civil service, the qualifications of civil servants should be assessed by job category for the extent to which they are adequate for the responsibilities of those positions. For example, a large number of illiterate school teachers which is the case in some countries indicates a serious under-qualification of staff.