This action can cause damage to roads, automobile engines, and other things. The changes in water in its various states have been covered in the first grade, Standard 3010-03. This standard deals specifically with water as a solid, liquid, and gas. A connection between heat and light is explored in Standard 3020-04. Thermometers operate on the principle that materials expand as they become warmer and contract as they cool.
Liquid thermometers have a hollow tube partially filled with liquid.
The liquid may be alcohol, mercury, or water. Other liquids could also be used. As the temperature rises, the trapped liquid expands and raisies up the tube. As it cools, the opposite occurs. Most household thermometers use alcohol.