As with eukaryotes, the membrane controls the permeability of the cell and is the major site of energy metabolism. In bacteria, either the electron transport system or the site of photosynthetic energy metabolism is located in the cytoplasmic membrane. The ribosomes of the prokaryotes are the site of protein synthesis. Many prokaryotes are immotile, but some have either a single flagellum or multipole flagella as their means of locomotion. As they pass through a laser beam, biochemicals may be determined on a per cell basis.
Pigments capture light energy in much the same way as an antenna captures a radio or tv signal.
This drives biochemical reactions. The overall effect may be summarized as water plus carbon dioxide are converted to biochemicals. The components of a typical prokaryotic cell are a cell wall, a cytoplasmic membrane, a single molecule of DNA, ribosomes and the cytoplasm. All other components, although they might be present, are essentially dispensable.