Geographically, the terrain ranges from semi-desert to mountainous areas, and many areas are thickly vegetated. Vehicle movement is normally restricted to an underdeveloped road network, paths and tracks. Rivers in flood hamper mobility. Observation of the enemy and of support weapons fire is difficult, if not impossible, and may require increased air effort. Radio transmission and reception ranges are greatly reduced.
Navigation is difficult and calls for improvised methods.
Employment of arms is often restricted to infantry on foot. Liaison and control are difficult. Proper medical cover against tropical diseases and a high standard of personal hygiene. Protective measures and proper maintenance of all weapons and equipment. The rainy season reduces vehicle movement considerably, as roads and tracks become impassable in places, thus placing greater emphasis on air support.