Oxygen is of limited value since the primary abnormality is reduced pulmonary blood flow. Treat acidosis with sodium bicarbonate, which may reduce the respiratory center stimulating effect of acidosis. General anesthesia is a last resort. The goals of therapy are to reduce the ventilatory drive, decrease systemic venous return, and increase peripheral venous return. Analgesics - These agents reduce ventilatory drive.
Pain control ensures patient comfort and promotes pulmonary toilet.
Most analgesics have sedating properties, which are beneficial for patients who are having hypercyanotic episodes. Administered IV, may be dosed in number of ways and commonly titrated until desired effect obtained. Pregnancy B - Usually safe but benefits must outweigh the risks. Peripheral resistance is increased by vasoconstriction. Increased cardiac output and increased peripheral resistance increase blood pressure.