Hazards include body surface burns, inhalation injuries and asphyxia. These may be asphyxiants which are concentrated near the volcanic crater or fissure or respiratory irritants which are more dispersed and can be harmful at lower concentrations. These are flows of extremely hot molten rocks extruded by the volcano. The viscosity and high temperature make these flows very dangerous and they are capable of destroying all in their path. Possible loss of human life and property.
Occurrence is unpredictable and can destroy coastlines.
The effects that can be expected from these are the damage and injury or death by impact, incineration, burial and bulldozing. Another hazard that is also directly related to volcanic eruption is the fall of volcanic materials ejected from the crater. Formulation of and familiarization with search and rescue plans. Preparation of hospital emergency plans to cope with large influx of patients with burns, lung damage and trauma. Identification of facilities to collect and analyse ash for toxic elements and drinking water quality.