This layer is changed dramatically by leaching and dissolved materials from above layers. The B horizon is the layer in which leached nutrients, salts and fine particles like clays accumulate. Illuviation is what this process is called. This material is very dense and blocky, often very stiff and brittle to work with. This is the last major horizon which is mainly composed of larger pieces of weathered rocks that have broken off of the parent material.
Parent material Is the main slab of continental rock from which the soil has originated from.
This is typically a granite, sandstone or basalt. The main properties of soils are color, texture, structure, and moisture. Each type of soil has variability in its properties. Color in soils comes from several sources. Dark blackish-brown soils are indicators of high organic matter in upper layers, while in deep, lower layers this is an indication of poor drainage.