Osceola was founded in 1870, moved to its present site the next year and became the county seat. John H. Mickey as first town treasurer. He went on to become Nebraska's Governor 1902-1907. The community was named after Osceola, Iowa, which in turn is named after the great Seminole Indian Chief. The city also maintains a well stocked library.
Farmers raise livestock, poultry, dairy cattle, small grains, corn and forage.
Annie Jeffrey Memorial County Hospital, fully accredited, serves all of Polk County. Two medical doctors, a dentist, two veterinarians, registered nurses and aides provide a range of medical care for the area. In addition, the area is served by the Good Samaritan Center which can provide homes for 70-80 elderly men and women. The Polk County Historical Society has established a museum in the former Governor Mickey home which was a gift to the Society. Osceola has a bowling alley and municipal swimming pool, city park with tennis courts, sand volleyball, playground equipment, a new arboretum, and covered picnic area.