If the electroscope is then earthed, negative charges will neutralize the top of the electroscope, giving it a total negative charge, and thus the leaf stays up even once the rod is taken away. Inductively charge a metal ring attached to an insulated handle. If an electric charge experiences an electric force then it is in an electric field. Lines go towards, or away from the point. Moving further away, the lines are further apart, representing a weaker field than when they are closer together.
Electric current is defined as the amount of charged passed divided by time.
As electrons flow through a metal, they 'bump' into the metal atoms, explaining resistance, and the fact that metals may heat up when electricity flows through them. Drawing them is basically a matter of practice, not something I can really explain. Electrons flow from the negative terminal to the positive, conventional current flows from the positive to the negative. Which one you use doesn't really have any major effect on simple circuits. In a series circuit, the current is constant throughout the circuit, but the voltage is shared between the resistors.