In removing foliage, care should be taken NOT to damage or scrape the bark of the stem. This allows microorganisms to grow on damaged areas causing stem rot. Foliage remaining under water increases bacteria growth. Bacteria causes vascular obstruction in fresh flowers, resulting in premature wilting. Fresh cut is necessary because stem ends dry out.
Fresh flowers take a gulp immediately after being cut.
Cutting underwater prevents a gulp of air, which causes air blockage in stems. Angle cuts provide greater surface for increased water and nutrient absorption, and prevent cut area from sitting flat at the bottom of the vase. The amount of nutrient is ideal for dormant flowers. Incorrect measurement can decrease life of flowers. Use fresh water.