The second stage of labor begins when the cervix is completely opened and ends with the delivery of the baby. During the second stage, the woman becomes actively involved by pushing the baby through the birth canal to the outside world. This stage usually lasts just a few minutes and involves the passage of the placenta out of the uterus and through the vagina. Each labor experience is different and the amount of time in each stage will vary. However, labor in a first pregnancy usually lasts about 12 to 14 hours.
Labor is generally shorter for subsequent pregnancies.
The reasons for induction vary. Relaxation techniques to use during labor are often taught in childbirth classes. Especially in natural childbirth, which does not use medications to relieve pain, relaxation and breathing techniques can help control pain. When a woman arrives at the hospital in labor, the medical staff may perform a physical examination of the abdomen to determine the size and position of the fetus, and an examination of the vagina, only if the amniotic sac is still intact. Intravenous fluids are generally given during labor to prevent dehydration.