MNCs also invest in other countries. A countries are large and have grown very fast. High per capita consumption. Aging population in these countries. Often generous government-sponsored healthcare.
Dominance is most evident in research and innovation.
Many of these operations are either local subsidiaries of the MNCs or joint ventures with them. The fourth group is similar to the third group except they are able to reproduce only finished products, NOT the therapeutic ingredients. This finished production is usually only for local consumption. The Fifth group consists of countries without a pharmaceutical industry.