The Yearbook contains the papers of the 36th aaa congress on Fifty Years United Nations and the Development of International Law which was held in The Hague from 10-12 July 1995. Furthermore the book gives a description of activities of International Law Institutions at The Hague, the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991, the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, the Permanent Court of Arbitration and The Hague Conference on Private International Law. This book intends to guide you through the vast labyrinth of treaties in this field. In November 1996 the un Committee against Torture in Geneva examined the Second Periodic Report of the Russian Federation under the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. Amnesty International has received numerous reports of torture and ill-treatment of criminal suspects in police custody and in prisons throughout the Russian federation, and within the context of the conflict in Chechnya.
Ethnic minorities are particularly vulnerable.
This report examines the issues surrounding torture and ill-treatment in Russia, and presents Amnesty International's recommendations. In November 1996 the un Committee against Torture in Geneva examined Georgia's Initial Report under the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. Since Georgia achieved its independence following the break-up of the Soviet Union, the country has moved gradually towards building democratic institutions and reforming its judicial and legal systems, and has become a party to a number of important international standards in the field of human rights. However, the torture and ill-treatment of those in custody have continued, on the admission of the Georgian authorities themselves, with those responsible frequently going unpunished. The report does not cover ai's concerns in the self-proclaimed republic of Abkhazia.