A specific agglutination test for leishmaniasis and the leishmaniasis skin test are diagnostic. The mucocutaneous form of leishmaniasis should be treated with antimonials for at least 30 days. It is the most prevalent helminthic infection in the world. Haematobium invades the veins of the pelvic plexus and the eggs are passed in the urine. How the parasite reaches other parts of the body, outside the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, is unknown.
Humans contract schistosomiasis from water infested by cercariae, the microscopic infective stage.
After several days, the schistosomules migrate to the lungs and portal veins, where the male and female species mate. Weeks later, depending upon the species and the time of transit, eggs are deposited in the infected organs. To complete the life cycle, organisms excreted by humans must contaminate water, because the snail is the intermediate host. The cercariae grow in the soft tissue of the snail, and after 1-2 months they are released back into the water whence they can again enter the human body, thus completing the organism's life cycle. Schistosomiasis in the aerodigestive tract is characterized by intense inflammatory granulomas around deposits of schistosome eggs.