EPA has not established an RfC for phenol. Animal studies have reported reduced fetal body weights, growth retardation, and abnormal development in the offspring of animals exposed to phenol by the oral route. Decreased maternal weight gain and increased maternal mortality were also observed. EPA has classified phenol as a Group D, not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity, based on a lack of data concerning carcinogenic effects in humans and animals. The odor threshold for phenol is 0.04 ppm, with a strong very sweet odor reported.
Phenol is very soluble in water and is quite flammable.
The primary use of phenol is in the production of phenolic resins, which are used in the plywood, construction, automotive, and appliance industries. Phenol is also used in the production of caprolactam and bisphenol A, which are intermediates in the manufacture of nylon and epoxy resins, respectively. Other uses of phenol include as a slimicide, as a disinfectant, and in medicinal products such as ear and nose drops, throat lozenges, and mouthwashes. Toxicological Profile for Phenol . U.S. Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA. 1989.