Every crime has a bad effect on the victim but hate crimes are probably the most damaging.
They happen when a person hates someone else enough to abuse them, attack them or commit some other offence against them. Sometimes the crime happens in what should be the peace and safety of your own home and the violence or other abuse comes from someone you know well. Sometimes it happens because someone, a complete stranger to you, doesn't like anyone who is different to them. A different skin colour, a different race, a different religion, a different sexual orientation. Whatever the cause, it hurts - not just physically but in other ways too.