It also allows the evaluation of underlying histo-pathology, so if other conditions such as MALT lymphoma or active gastritis are present, they can be detected. Also, the process serves as a permanent record of the patient's H. pylori status, making it easier, years later, to track progression. An alternative to histology is the rapid urease test. There are a variety of different kinds, many of which are commercially available. Many consider it the method of choice since it is very easy to perform and very inexpensive, adding very little additional cost to that of the diagnostic endoscopy.
Results are available rapidly and sensitivities and specificities are very good.
A variety of other markers and tests with specific uses are becoming available sporadically, but none can be generally recommended at this time. With endoscopy, rapid urease testing is probably preferred, with histology as a backup. If urea breath testing is not available, endoscopy may be indicated in selected patients such as those with complicated ulcers.