XRF spectrometry is the method of choice for rapid chemical analysis of solids and for especially accurate analysis of rocks. XRF analyses of very broad scope are achieved by the lab's spectrometer. For example, XRF spectrometry has been used to determine lead in the paint of refurbished low-income housing in Las Cruces, chemical fingerprints of archaeological materials, radioactive elements in earth materials, trace elements for mineral exploration and basic geochemical studies, special analyses for environmental studies, and the compositions of thin ceramic films. XRD is used to determine the crystalline composition and many crystalline properties of materials such as rocks and minerals, soils, metals, and ceramics. It is employed extensively for rapid identification of earth materials and crystalline phases in alloys, composites, and ceramics.
Education is a very important aspect of the X-ray facility.
Many professors and graduate students conduct research in this lab. Knowledge of accurate ages for rock formations is essential to the preparation of geologic maps and solution of many different kinds of geologic problems, including ground-water migration, climate change, episodes of intrusion and ore formation, etc. The Bureau has a well-equipped and computerized laboratory for determining the paleomagnetic signature of rocks. The Bureau maintains an extensive database of results from all types of radiometric age determinations performed on rocks in New Mexico by various laboratories and individuals.