Clearly explain how studying the genetics of cells in tumors in a person with cancer that involves tumors in several different organs can allow one to determine which tumor was the original tumor, and which tumors developed from other tumors. Be sure to explain the forms of evolution that are occurring in the cells, and make it clear why the predicted effects of these forms of evolution allow the order of tumor development to be traced.
Fever is a common response to disease.
Give the two alternative, evolutionary hypotheses about the adaptive significance of fever. Clearly describe the evidence used to test these hypotheses in desert iguanas, and explain why it supports one hypothesis, but not the other. Finally, consider one of the studies discussed in the textbook attempting to address these hypotheses in humans, and explain why this study was unable to successfully test these hypotheses. A will become dominant, and the strain to which vaccines should be made. To give this explanation, first explain what hemagglutinin is and why it is predicted that nucleotide substitutions in this gene will make 'flu strains more likely to survive.