A high school diploma often is required, and a postsecondary degree is preferred for individuals who wish to advance in the profession. Though generally not required, postsecondary education is a sign of motivation and maturity, increasingly important qualities as the individual is promoted to more responsible positions. Regardless of the education received, business courses including accounting, administration, marketing, management, and sales, as well as courses in psychology, sociology, and communication, are helpful. Managers also must be computer literate as cash registers and inventory control systems become more computerized. Most managers who have postsecondary education hold an associate or a bachelor's degree in liberal arts, social science, business, or management.
Many postsecondary students participate in internship programs to gain retail experience.
Such programs usually are planned between individual schools and retail firms. Many managers who have worked in the retail industry for a long time open their own store. However, retail trade is highly competitive, and although many independent retail owners succeed, some fail to cover expenses and eventually go out of business. Retail owners need good business sense and strong customer service and public relations skills. Retail managers must get along with all kinds of people.