Skinner D, ed. ABC of major trauma. Royal College of Surgeons of England. Report of the working party on the management of patients with major injury . Royal College of Surgeons of England, 1988.
Hypotension is a relatively late sign of shock from blood loss and needs aggressive treatment.
Tension pneumothorax, massive haemothorax, open pneumothorax, flail segment, and cardiac tamponade. Airway and cervical spine control. A secondary survey is essential for all patients after the patient has been resuscitated and stabilised. It entails a detailed head to toe examination to identify all injuries and may be the only FULL examination the patient has hroughout his or her inpatient stay.