A process of hardening a ferrous alloy of suitable composition by heating within or above the transformation range and quenching in oil. Rolling subsequent to staining will change color from darker browns to lighter browns down to white. A method of measuring the ductility and drawing properties of strip or sheet metal which involves determination of the width and depth of impression. The test simulating a deep drawing operation is made by a standard steel ball under pressure, continuing until the cup formed from the metal sample fractures.
Readings are in thousandths of an inch.
This test is sometimes used to detect stretcher straining and indicates the surface finish after drawing, similar to the Erichsen ductility test. It is due to uneven flow or to the appearance of the overly large grains usually the result of annealing at too high a temperature. If there is any tendency for one arrangement to predominate, it is known as the preferred orientation. In the absence of any such preference, random orientation exists. A method of even winding metal strip or wire on to a reel or mandrel wherein the strands are uniformly overlapped.