Now is the time to consider some explanations of how learning takes place. Claims of sophisticated learning by other animals, such as language in lower primates, can be considered in light of available evidence. By the end of the 12th grade, students should know that The expectations, moods, and prior experiences of human beings can affect how they interpret new perceptions or ideas. People tend to ignore evidence that challenges their beliefs and to accept evidence that supports them. Human thinking involves the interaction of ideas, and ideas about ideas.
People can produce many associations internally without receiving information from their senses.