Norbert Wiener began publishing his speculations about intelligent machines just a few years before Alan Turing did the same, and less than a decade before John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, and others began a program of research intended to make such machines real. Norbert Wiener and the younger mathematicians who followed him chose to emphasize different attributes when they defined intelligence in machines. In the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, mathematicians invented several models of computation. Complete information is never available. Knowledge is always imperfect.
Extrapolation is unavoidably risky.
Error inevitably riddles every prediction. That disorder will increase is the only thing we can know for sure in an ever darker and colder universe. Our work is a race against corruption and decay. With the right formalism, it is possible to gather together disconnected points to construct an area of finite and substantial extent. Order can emerge from chaos.