This fungus is a normal component of the oral environment that, if allowed to get out of control, can cause severe fungal infections. Cystatins are larger molecules that protect oral tissues from a variety of microorganisms, including viruses and some bacteria. They function by interfering with a specific group of enzymes that are thought to be involved with microbe replication. These enzymes, when released by the microbe, destroy gingival tissue. The cloning of these two proteins gives researchers the opportunity to modify their structures to improve their effectiveness.
Efforts continue to clone additional proteins.
Two more proteins related to the lubricating qualities of saliva are not far from being cloned. The ability to clone these proteins brings the possibility of formulating an artificial saliva closer to realization. In the future, these proteins may also aid in the fight against tooth decay.