For this reason, fine materials can be carried considerable distances, whereas larger particles may be deposited within a short distance along the flow path. Residue Reduces Erosion Residue cover is one of the most effective and least expensive methods for reducing soil erosion. Residue protects the soil surface from raindrop impact, thus reducing soil particle detachment. Although no-till will result in the largest reduction in soil loss, other conservation tillage systems also can be effective in reducing erosion and may be better suited to some farming situations. With no protective cover, raindrops can splash soil particles up to three feet away.
Residue cover cushions the fall of raindrops and reduces or eliminates splash erosion.
Small natural dams are formed and cause ponding of runoff. Sediment is deposited in these ponds and remains in the field. Field tests in Nebraska have documented the soil saving benefits of various conservation tillage systems. These results are presented in Table I and illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 . As little as 20 percent residue cover can reduce erosion by up to 50 percent.