However, when used too quickly, too frequently, or inappropriately, they can distort reality and detach us from actively and productively coping. Denial is a refusal to accept something as reality. It is not necessarily malicious in intent. Denial is not the same as lying. Lying is a deliberate attempt to deceive with an untrue statement.
Projection is an externalization of wishes that leads to a distortion of reality.
It is attributing qualities, actions, or characteristics to a person or object where they do not belong, so as not to confront the true reality of a situation. Minimization is a lowering of the degree, or a lessening of the impact, or value, of an act, prospect, or influence in order to make it appear less important. Appropriate use of defenses results in stress reduction, positive thinking, appropriate action after assessment, and personal effectiveness. Overuse or inappropriate use of defenses results in detachment, negativity and cynicism, inappropriate action or non-action, and personal ineffectiveness.