Circumptropical Tethys Sea. Climate begins to cool. First flowering plants. Beginnings of 'boreotropical' flora in Laurasia. Extinction of dinosaurs and many other groups marks end of Mesozoic.
Mammals evolve from Cretaceous ancestors in isolated groups on continental landmasses.
Marsupials evolve in S. America and move to Australia via Antarctica, and to N. America and Europe. Eurasia and N. America separate through Atlantic, but still united by Bering Land bridge. Africa closes with Laurasia and India with Asia beginning rise of Himalayas. Miocene 25 Africa closes with Europe, forming Alps. Australia moves closer to SE Asia, S. America closer to N. America.