A World Bank survey of 115 developing countries shows that on average in mid-1998 just 39 percent of key energy reform steps had been carried out. Only the upstream oil and gas sector shows a substantially higher degree of reform, largely because of the need to facilitate concession agreements for high-cost exploration and production. There are large variations among countries in the number of reform steps taken, with most reforms concentrated in a small number of countries.
Reform is most advanced in Latin America and the Caribbean.
In the great majority of countries little or no reform has been done. Click here to download the full paper in Acrobat PDF format . This PDF file can be viewed and printed using Version 3 of the free Adobe Acrobat Reader. If you do not already have the Reader, you can download it from Adobe here . This document is saved in Acrobat Version 3.0 format to take advantage of improved performance.