There are many genes in our cells that can cause cancer if they become active in the wrong place or at the wrong time. These different groups of genes work together to encourage normal growth in healthy tissue. Such groups can all be switched on by 'transcription factors', proteins that bind to the DNA of the genes and activate them. A damaged or mutated transcription factor can cause cancerous growth by switching on all the genes that it normally regulates in a massive and uncontrolled manner. High levels of NF- k B have also been found in many other cancers.
Many cancer treatments stop cells dividing and growing.
But Nakshatri and his team showed that NF- k B activates several cell division genes. If NF- k B levels are high enough, then the tumour cells can overcome the effects of the drugs. It seems clear that removing NF- k B from the picture should restore drug sensitivity. But many of these compounds adversely affect other chemicals in the cell. Parthenolide is an exception.