The resulting cloudiness is due to the re-formation of the benzoic acid which as always is not very soluble in water. The crude acid is isolated by filtration. Thus the solid carboxylic acid is isolated. The non-acid compound remaining in the ether layer is then purified and isolated. You will be able to follow your progress in this separation since 9-fluorenone is yellow.
Most amines are insoluble in water, but are soluble in organic solvents like ether.
Amines can be separated from non-amine compounds by converting them to their conjugate acids by the addition of HCl. If a mixture of a base, and acid, and a neutral compound is to be separated, it is customary to first remove the organic base first. A scheme for the overall separation is found in Mayo, bottom of p. 125. The three-component mixture is first dissolved in ether. Water containing HCl is added and the mixture is shaken.