In the 60's there were parallel schools, businesses, bars, sports, banks, and domestic arrangements as well as churches for blacks, women, gays and other excluded minorities. Sometimes people go underground and form the same social lifeworlds. When courts, police, politicians and social opinion do not permit parallel institutions, people do go underground and form, as Goffman put it, a rich underlife. Social movements, parallel structures, underground structures and migrations are the more theoretically sound strategies to manage spoiled identities. Pre-theoretical Responses to Spoiled Identities.
Hate crimes vary from graffiti on walls in graveyards to murder, arson and assault.
Riots and uprisings. More about this in another lecture based upon some most interesting work by Patti Hamilton and her team at Texas Woman's University. Drugs and Alcohol. For most of human history, drugs and alcohol have been used as solidarity supplies and as pathways to the holy. In the identity wars at hand, they are used to dull the pain of spoiled identities.