The life cycle as a Markov chain. This is more powerful than the z-transformed life cycle graphs. The matrix elements give the mean time spent in each stage. A mature adult, in contrast, spends an average of 14-15 years in that stage. 14.7 yr for juveniles and adults.
R projects the population from one generation to the next.
Ro is the dominant eigenvalue of R in the most general case with different types of offspring. A whale shark pup can expected to produce 32.9 female offspring during its lifetime. The growth and structure of human populations. It is the time T required for the population to increase by a factor of R o . I should provide a confidence interval for lambda, the growth rate of the stable population.