Normal hemoglobin, known as hemoglobin A, is also present. The spleen may be enlarged, and there may be jaundice , a yellow color of the skin . Gallstones may develop and require treatment in adulthood. The disease occurs predominantly in the black race. A family history of hemoglobin C is a risk factor.
Genetic counseling is helpful for determining the risk for offspring in high-risk couples.
Hemoglobin electrophoresis shows hemoglobin C. Peripheral smear shows target cells. CBC shows anemia . Folic acid may help with the production of normal red blood cells and supplementation may improve the symptoms of the anemia . People with clinical hemoglobin C can expect to lead a normal life.