Although flatus has been a social and, possibly, a medical challenge since antiquity, research into flatus was stimulated by concerns that astronauts could suffocate or produce explosive gases during space missions. More than 99 percent of colonic gas is an odor-free mixture of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen and methane. Offensive odors of flatus are attributed to trace amounts of volatile gases, particularly those containing sulfur, that can be detected in a few parts per million. For most patients, adjustment of diet is sufficient. While studies have found that treatment with oral charcoal is ineffective, it is used by many patients.
Peanuts are the most common cause of food-associated anaphylaxis and death in Britain.
Peanut allergy affects approximately 1 percent of British preschool children and the incidence of peanut allergy has doubled in the past decade. Skin-testing and assessment of specific immunoglobulin E in serum can confirm the diagnosis. Food challenges may be extremely dangerous and should only be performed in extreme circumstances and with resuscitation facilities available. The management of peanut allergy depends on awareness and avoidance of potential exposure. Self-injectable adrenaline rescue therapy may be managed by many children and families.