Even if they are not directly disturbed, development may increase runoff to these areas or alter their hydrology.
Population growth increases the burden on sewage treatment plants.
Growth in areas not served by sewers usually must rely on septic systems which generally are less effective at nutrient removal. Sediment runoff increases as more ground is disturbed. Sediment can smother bottom-dwelling organisms in streams and the Bay, and cloud the water, preventing sunlight from reaching grass beds that provide important habitat for fish and other aquatic species. Increased nutrient runoff occurs as fertilizers are often placed on lawns and other developments at rates that exceed those used on crop land. The excess is washed away with the rainwater and ultimately may find its way into streams or groundwater.