Due to the history, geography and climate of the region, Kazakhstan and neighboring Kirghizstan were the major sheep and goat production areas. In Kazakhstan, sheep are raised mostly at the country's fringes, in the northern mountains and along the southern tier. Fat-tailed sheep are raised in large numbers because of their ability to withstand the extremes of heat, cold and drought. The Karakul is considered to be one of the oldest breeds of sheep in the world, having originated on the plains of Central Asia. They are raised primarily for their pelts.
Price is based on the size, color and quality of the pelt.
Single-born lambs are preferred to multiple births because they produce a larger pelt. While lambs are usually born black, silver is the most sought after color. The most valuable skin comes from a lamb that is still in the womb. South Kazakhstan is the center of Karakul sheep breeding. There is an Italian-Kazakh joint venture in Shymkent that utilizes Karakul skins.