In Wales, Welsh is a foundation subject in non Welsh-speaking schools. They must study all of them at key stage three. At key stage four, pupils must study the core subjects, technology, a modern foreign language and physical education. In addition they must take either history or geography, or short courses in both. Children are tested throughout the Key Stages.
Most pupils take three exams.
These are the main exams for deciding entry to universities. In Scotland there is no legally prescribed National Curriculum but the Scottish Executive Education Department sets out guidelines for teachers to ensure a breadth and depth to all teaching. The curriculum is divided into Language, Mathematics, Environmental studies Expressive arts and Religious, moral and social education. The curriculum in Northern Ireland is set by the Northern Ireland Council for Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment.