Describe the effect of chronic laxative use on drug absorption. Atropine or scopolamine are sometimes given pre-operatively. Dosage form Time-released preparations and enteric coated preparations are two examples of how dosage form is manipulated to affect absorption. A patient has trouble swallowing pills and asks to have them crushed an mixed with applesauce. The mouth has a very thin epithelial surface and an extensive capillary network.
Intact skin is designed as a defense mechanism and is keratinized to decrease permeability.
Topically applied medication often have an oil base or a keratin softening agent to facilitate absorption. Based on what you know about other factors affecting absorption, describe how massaging the area of a topical application can enhance absorption. The blood flowing around the intestines does not go directly back to the systemic circulation, but instead it enters the portal circulation. Portal circulation goes to the liver before returning to the general circulation. This allows the liver access to a drug before it reaches the systemic circulation and the target tissue.