In the previous chapter, different theories and methods of public participation were discussed. This chapter outlines some practical steps a citizen or an NGO can take to identify the methods of participation that will work best for their needs.
Public participation can take many forms.
It may be formal, meaning its form has been prescribed by a law, or informal, meaning the public decides independently the form of participation it will take. The most effective participation often combines both formal and informal methods. Even if laws do not exist in a country that ensure formal rights and procedures for public participation, rarely are there laws explicitly prohibiting such participation. The public can still request to participate in the same manner. The steps outlined in this chapter are only suggestions for how to begin thinking about ways to participate in environmental decisions.