Fluorescent lamps are used with stereo microscopes. The fluorescent tube is in a circle and built into a module that attaches to the front of the stereo. This produces a shadow free illumination at a very low cost. However fluorescent lamps can't be dimmed so what you see is what you get. Because fluorescent lamps emit a discontinuous spectrum, they may look white but their not, they shouldn't be used for color photography.
Most light sources are incandescent lamps.
These are the good old light bulbs we know and love. An incandescent lamp produces light by passing an electric current though the filament. The filament glows and this is the light we get. The filament has to be in a vacuum otherwise it would burn up. In a modern microscope they are invariably Quartz-Halogen lamps operating at low voltage, either 6 or 12 volts.