E. Multiple formats and relaxed time constraints can reduce differences in satisfaction and performance across types. Extraverted managers focus on the outer world of the environment, organization, groups, people and tasks. Introverts direct their energy toward the inner world of ideas, beliefs and values. Extroverted managers believe in an assertive, active and sociable manner. Introverts are more reflective, reserved and focused.
Extroverted managers are assertive, integrative and collaborative in resolving conflicts.
Introverts rely more on avoidance and accommodation. Managers with preferences for Judgment favor structured and stable situations, whereas Perceivers prefer unstructured and dynamic situations. Judging managers believe in a highly programmed, conscientious, and methodical manner. Perceivers are more spontaneous, flexible and creative. Organizational level moderates the relationship between SN performances and managerial effectiveness, with Ss being more effective in lower positions, while Ns excel in upper levels.