A trained engineer with knowledge of the science, economics, and arts of mineral location, extraction, concentration and sale, and the administrative and financial problems of practical importance in connection with the profitable conduct of mining. Mud cap - A charge of high explosive fired in contact with the surface of a rock after being covered with a quantity of wet mud, wet earth, or sand, without any borehole being used. Nip - Device at the end of the trailing cable of a mining machine used for connecting the trailing cable to the trolley wire and ground. Toward the mine entrance. The opposite of inby.
Overburden is removed prior to surface mining and replaced after the coal is taken from the seam.
MENU P Panel - A coal mining block that generally comprises one operating unit. Panic bar - A switch, in the shape of a bar, used to cut off power at the machine in case of an emergency. The partially decayed plant matter found in swamps and bogs, one of the earliest stages of coal formation. The proportion of a coal seam which is removed from the mine. The remainder may represent coal in pillars or coal which is too thin or inferior to mine or lost in mining.