California hospital discharges in 1989 and 1990 were sampled by principal diagnosis. Odds ratios for treatment by demographic class were estimated for heart transplantation, kidney transplantation, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, hip replacement, carotid endarterectomy, coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, pacemaker implant, and automatic cardioverter-defibrillator implant. Logistic regression controlled for insurance status, age, diagnosis, and comorbidity count. The array of utilization differences across 4 demographic comparisons and 9 hospital procedures suggests systematic trends in high-technology allocation. Generally, women received procedures less often than men and minorities less than whites.
Multiethnic experiences enhance nursing students' learning.
In addition to classroom experiences, the project included home visiting with individual families. Students also taught group health promotion classes. At the completion of this experience students were able to relate more therapeutically to minority clients and to plan culturally acceptable nursing interventions, and they demonstrated increased cultural self-efficacy. On the basis of data collected from 21 Chinese elders, the theory, conformity with nature, emerged. This theory facilitates an understanding of ways to promote health and prevent illness and offers a guide for providing quality health care to Chinese elders in the United States.