Fracturing, like ductile deformation, is irreversible. The answer depends on the confining pressure and temperature the rock is held at, the rate at which stress is increased, and the composition of the rock itself. The effect of increasing confining pressure and temperature is to increase the ductility of rock. Rocks above the transition respond to stress like brittle solids. Rocks below it respond in ductile fashion.
Rocks flow under stress by breaking and reforming atomic bonds within crystals.
This takes time. If stress is quickly ramped up, the rock can't keep pace and will fracture. If stress is slowly increased or held constant, the rock can keep up and will deform in ductile fashion. Because the deformation accrues slowly, we say that the strain rate is slow. Strain rates in nature are incredibly slow.