Complex MOEs . JTF commanders, for example, must worry not only about damage caused to opponent forces, but also about impacts on opponent effectiveness. They must worry even more about effects on the success of their own strategy. Thus, research and analysis should in the panel's view increasingly provide a rich set of MOEs. Empirical data development .
Empirical work using DIS exercises is mentioned above, but much broader activities are possible.
Models as products . As an example here, someone conducting research on command and control might need to see how his ideas could be modularized so as to be useful in a DOD-wide model repository constructed with the imagery of Figure 5.3 in mind. An illustrative slice of a CMMS for JTF strike operations. This violates principles of what operations researchers are taught, but it is a sociological fact. As an example of this, there have been a number of interesting historical studies on when and how battles are won and lost, but they have seldom related easily to the simulation models on which DOD depends.