Bacteria found in brackish water tide pools. Surfactant sprayed from plane, retrieve birds, destroy with CO2, burn. Epidemic in ducks, Chesapeake Bay, 1994. DVE also called duck plague. Virus carried in population, stress causes outbreak.
Heavy infestations weaken muscles.
A fungus that infects lungs. Mouldy corn is a potential source. Carried by black flies, parasitic protozoan infects blood cells. Overwinters in adults, black flies reinfect ducklings. Weak, labored breathing, refuse to eat.