The ratio annual internal renewable water resources per capita in Thailand is lower than the Asian average. River basins with low water per capita ratios that are expected to face shortages in the future include Sakaekrang, Pasak, Thachine, Chi, Wang and Yom. There are multiple use conflicts amongst water users, such as between manufacturing industries, agriculture and services, as well as between upstream and downstream river residents. At present, there has been few rigorous studies on ground water potential. Over pumking in large cities especially Bangkok has caused land subsidence, sea water intrusion and contamination of ground water with chemicals and waste water from agricultural, and industrial activities as well as from residential communities.
Local governments lack rules and procedures for flood control especially in major flood areas.
The State has emphasised supply management and engineering solutions. Other instruments such as demand side management tools are yet to be developed. Management of underground water resources is inadequate. Management should be organised at the basin-level and include representatives of local water users. Economic, legislative, regulatory and social instruments should reflect changes and trends in the demand and supply of water.