Emphasis will be on the major endocrine glands, interactions among endocrine glands and their influences on the body and the nervous system. Various pathological conditions related to the endocrine system will be addressed. Introduction to the nature of scientific investigation and the skills needed to develop a research problem. Emphasis is placed on reading primary sources of scientific literature, experimental design, data presentation and analysis, and preparation of a literature review in area of interest in science. Principles of the biological and physical processes that contribute to normal body functions and of abnormal states and conditions.
Emphasis is on basic principles of physiology and pathology.
Consideration is given to homeostatic disturbances involving the various organ systems, disease and disease producing organisms, and heredity and hereditary diseases. A study the nature of plants as living organisms with emphasis on an experimental approach of structure and function of representatives of the major plant groups. The place of plants in nature and their relationship to humans will also be examined. A study of ecological principles including community dynamics and surveys of local biotic communities with emphasis on the ecological aspects of urbanization. Survey of invertebrate phyla.