By reducing menstrual bleeding, COCs help prevent iron deficiency anemia. Recent studies have confirmed that long-term COC use protects against ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer. Results suggest that protection is long-lasting, and may persist for 15 years or more after stopping COC use. Most studies in the past decade have found that long-term OC use is associated with a slight increase in the risk of cervical cancer. Another concern has been the risk of certain diseases of the cardiovascular system.
POPs are effective in preventing pregnancy when taken consistently and daily, at the same time.
Their effectiveness is slightly less than that of COCs, especially in younger women, but effectiveness is high in women over 35 years of age and when use compliance is good. Some characteristics of POPs are highlighted below. Also see Hormonal Contraception, IUDs, and HIV Risk.