Certain actions need to be taken now and resources need to be allocated for those. There is a real risk of international conflicts over natural resources, such as water, environmental refugees, and food insecurity. Resource-poor communities and communities heavily dependent on natural resources face tough choices in adapting to a climate changed world. Compensation for countries heavily impacted by climatic change was called for by several participants. Also, there is a need for the further development of alternative energy sources.
Research needs to be firmly embedded in a policy development process.
Successful examples were presented of integrated research as part of the awareness raising process in community-driven adaptation projects. The role of financial and legal instruments in facilitating adaptation needs to be further explored. The compartmentalization of government policy and legal frameworks was seen to inhibit effective action. The integration of issues by the development of a common framework with a clear objective is considered imperative. We need to enhance the role of local communities, especially promoting active participation by groups such as indigenous communities and women.