A censer is a container used for burning incense. A denarius is a coin of the Roman Empire equivalent to one day's wages. A diadem is a crown. Fornication refers either to religious unfaithfulness or sexual deviance. A furlong is a unit of distance equal to 220 yards or about 201 meters.
Rapture is an experience in which the spirit is treated to a knowledge of divine things.
Sackcloth is a coarse cloth made from goat hair.