Notice what we did there, we subtracted the the distribution means from the scores, and then we divided by their standard deviations. In otherwords what we did was transform them into Z-scores. And then we made the comparisons based on those Z-scores. We can also transform a z-score back into a raw score if we know the mean and standard deviation information of the original distribution. Let's look at the algebra.
Every score stays in the exact same position relative to every other score in the distribution.
Well, the numbers that we have are descriptive statistics, to go from samples to populations we'll need to start thinking about inferential statistics.