This success is affecting the planning of cities and corporations. Industries are weighing the costs and benefits of replacing toxic inputs in manufacturing processes to reduce toxic waste outputs. Cities are recognizing the need to plan for effective pollution control at the international level. Recently 30 nations convened at the Paris Conference of the U.N. Organiza tion of Economic Cooperation and Development to discuss environmental and socioeconomic issues in the new millennium when half the world will live in cities which barely treat their waste. Although international law does not address internal pollution unless it causes transboundary injuries, more than 40 treaties and international conventions promote world cooperation on environmental protection and human rights.
Environmental justice appears to be a new concern that is here to stay.
Cities will respond or face conflict, delay and complaints of discrimination. Cities will be tested by a challenge to protect the health, safety and general welfare of all.