This is a reference to the magnetic properties of the main ore mineral pyrolusite. Reductions in output occurred in most of the principal producing countries, in response to poor market conditions. In contrast, manganese metal output is thought to have increased during the 1990s, from about 100,000tpy to 140,000tpy. This report is the result of an extensive programme of research by Roskill analysts. They have interviewed major industry players and conducted a close appraisal of information from a wide variety of sources, including governments, trade associations, company reports, leading producers, official organisations, trade journals and technical literature.
Information gathering is only the first step in preparing a report.
Mining, processing and refining Many stages are involved in the production of manganese products, from the mining of ore through to the refining of manganese into saleable products. This section outlines the principal methods used in this process. The smelting and refining industry is also analysed, including the production of manganese ferro-alloys, manganese metal, manganese dioxide, manganese chemicals, and the metallurgical processing of ocean nodules minerals. It also examines smelter and refinery output, presenting data for the production of manganese ferro-alloys, manganese metal, manganese dioxide, and manganese chemicals. Exploration, mining and refining A review of the production of manganese ore and concentrates, manganese ferro-alloys, manganese metal and manganese dioxide.