Each of the chromosomes within the nucleus of a human cell contains thousands of genes. A more precise definition of a gene is a region of DNA that is transcribed . Transcription, a biological process that is carried out by enzymes , is the first step of the Protein Synthesis process. As its name implies, the protein synthesis process results in the production of a protein .
Proteins are the biological molecules that give living cells their diverse forms and functions.
It is the proteins produced using genes as a template , that are responsible for the characteristics of a particular cell or organism. 2 Genes have specific jobs, at specific times. Other genes are turned on' only in times when they are needed by the body. Following the consumption of a meal, there is a higher concentration of glucose in the blood, which triggers higher levels of insulin being produced by pancreatic cells. Once the blood-glucose level has returned to normal, the amount of insulin secreted by pancreatic cells is also reduced.