For those at high risk, vaccination before arrival should be considered. If you are bitten, seek medical advice without delay. For more information, consult the Health appendix. Avoid swimming and paddling in fresh water. Swimming pools which are chlorinated and well-maintained are safe.
Japanese encephalitis is a risk in Hanoi and in rural areas.
A vaccine is available and travellers are advised to consult their doctors prior to departure. Dengue fever can be epidemic and filariasis is endemic in some rural areas. Typhoid fever, amoebic and bacillary dysentry can occur. Health insurance is essential and should include cover for emergency repatriation by air.