The National Forests were established in 1891 to ensure the proper care, protection, and management of public forests and watersheds. Later the mission was broadened to include outdoor recreation, range, timber, watershed, minerals, and wildlife and fish habitat. Public participation is a cornerstone of the agency's management. The Mount Carmel Fault runs through the Forest area. Limestone and gypsum is mined extensively on private lands in the forest area, as well as some coal.
Geodes are common in some areas and people pan for gold and gems in area streams.
Limestone bluffs along area roads are rich in fossils. Some of the most special features on the forest are largely hidden from view and unrecognized by many of our visitors. The Hoosier National Forest partially overlays a land area rich in caves and karst features. Cave locations are protected by federal law and the Forest Service is not allowed to give out information on visiting caves on the Forest, but many of the karst features are easily seen visiting the Forest area. Sinkholes and losing rivers funnel water underground into underground rivers in the limestone, to reappear in our many springs and riseholes.