The homeowner programs, controls, or monitors the house by a computer or even by telephone. These systems have many similarities with building automation systems used in commercial buildings. Systems for the residential market, however, require mass production and simple installation before they will begin to make major inroads to the residential market. A minimal amount of custom engineering and installation is desirable. In many cases, automatic control is economically justified for only a few functions.
Individual devices control only one appliance or function.
Examples include programmable setback thermostats, motion detectors, occupancy sensors, photocell lighting controls, and timers. Individual control devices have a wide variety of successful applications. These range from outdoor lighting to security sensors. The familiar television remote control unit often falls into this category. This makes it easier to retrofit the system into existing homes.