The county, established in 1807, has traditional rich farmland which made it an early prosperous economic hub of south central Tennessee. The county grew from its original agricultural base to an industrial center. The discovery of major phosphate deposits in 1888 was the impetus for industrialization and the trend continued with the establishment of ore processing plants in the 1930s. As the mining industry declined, the county has adapted and moved toward a much more diverse economic base.
Retailing is now significant and growing.
The amenities of the region attracted Saturn Corporation to establish its U.S. manufacturing plant in Spring Hill. The county continues to attract new industry, particularly automotive suppliers and plastics companies. Ninety-four manufacturing plants and two industrial parks are now located here. The Maury County Manufacturers Bureau is dedicated solely to supporting new and existing industries. Maury County has retained its southern charm along with its commitment to expand economic opportunities.