In terms of any of these models, summarize the series of steps that take place following activation of a seven-pass transmembrane receptor that lead to active focal adhesions. You are studying a cancer cell line searching for clues as to what may have caused these cells to become cancerous. You discover that, in these cells, Rho hydrolyzes GTP 1000 times faster than in normal cells. Explain how this is likely to affect the function of Rho. If you think it would have no effect, simply state that.
Membranes are essential for cells to survive and function.
Give two examples that illustrate the asymmetry of biological membranes. Phospholipids are exchanged from one leaflet to the other at very low rates in synthetic membranes. Using the diagram of an epithelial cell below a. sketch four types of cellular junctions likely to be found there, identify each by name and, if cytoskeletal elements connect to them, indicate the type of cytoskeletal element connected to them. Identify another key transporter that contributes to the development of the membrane potential in a typical cell and concisely describe its role. Using the diagram below give an example of each of the following that is likely to occur in typical animal cells.