El-Raey et al. Construction of small dikes also may be necessary. According to French et al. An additional 474 km of sheltered seawall and 180 km of open-coast seawall is required when total protection is considered. It is impractical to protect these villages and populations at risk in Nigeria from a 1-m rise in sea level.
Relocation probably is the most practical solution to the problem of inundation of the villages.
If the option considered in Senegal is important areas protection, Dennis et al. With regard to The Gambia, Jallow et al. About 16 km of dikes is required to protect villages bordering wetlands and swamplands from seasonal flooding. No cost estimates are attached to this protection. Anticipatory responses include urban growth planning, building setbacks, wetland preservation and mitigation, public awareness, and integrated coastal zone management.