Fractures in which the bones are not severely displaced can be treated by simply splinting the affected area. In a closed reduction, surgery is not necessary. The orthopaedic surgeon uses the sense of touch to feel the fracture, which has been locally anesthetized, and with the help of x-rays, realigns the bone. Once the bone is back in position, the area is immobilized with a cast. Today, many orthopaedic surgeons use a cast made of brightly colored fiberglass strips or plastic that are stronger and lighter than traditional plaster of Paris casts.
More serious fractures require open reduction.
The fracture site is exposed by surgery and the bones realigned under direct vision. When surgery is necessary, an internal metallic device such as a plate or pin is usually installed to maintain rigidity. Fracture healing requires immobilization of the injured area, whether by splint, cast, or traction, which sometimes causes the surrounding muscles to become weak. The orthopaedic surgeon will know what exercises should be done to keep the muscles in good condition while the bone heals. If exercises are done properly, the area will return to pre-injured strength much faster.