Children whose fathers are actively involved with them during the first eight weeks of life manage stress better during school. Premature infants whose fathers spend more time playing with them are mentally more adjusted at age 3, regardless of whether their father resides in the same house. Sons of nurturing fathers are more likely to model their fathers and internalize their modes of thinking and problem solving. A close and warm relationship with Dad fosters a daughter's sense of competence, especially in math and a secure sense of femininity. The economic support of the family, often provided mostly by the father's income in two-parent families, contributes to the rearing and emotional health of their children.
Fathers play a major role in preparing children for life outside the family.
Father's level of education and success on the job is linked with children's intellectual abilities. Children of highly involved fathers show increased cognitive competence, empathy and motivation to succeed. Children of highly involved fathers have fewer psychological and behavioral problems, are less likely to become delinquent, and are less likely to use drugs. Children who receive advice and help from parents, especially from Dad, are likely never to use drugs. In two-parent families, father involvement also positively influences marriages.