Surgery is often need to correct the loss of vision. Balamuthia Balamuthia mandrilaris is the most recently described free-living ameba causing human disease. It was first reported in a mandrill baboon in 1990 and subsequently shown to be associated with human pathology. Many cases of GAE originally ascribed to Acanthamoeba have retrospectively been assigned to Balamuthia . Balamuthia has not yet been identified in the environment, but presumably exhibits a similar ecology as Acanthamoeba and Naegleria .
Many dinoflagellates are colorless, but nonetheless, fall under the rubric of red tides.
Recent increases in algal blooms are usually attributed to higher levels of nutrients in estuaries and coastal waters due to pollution and agricultural runoff. The shipping industry has also been blamed for increase worldwide distribution of organisms causing red tides. An overabundance of metabolically-active microorganisms can cause 'dead zones' by depleting the water of oxygen. Fish and other macroscopic organisms will either die or avoid these dead zones, and therefore, can have an adverse economic impact on fishermen and the seafood industry. In some cases, though, the fish kills are the result of toxins produced by dinoflagellates.