To assemble the system, plumbers cut and bend lengths of pipe using saws, pipe cutters, and pipe-bending machines. For plastic pipe, plumbers connect the sections and fittings with adhesives. For copper pipe, they slide fittings over the end of the pipe and solder the fitting in place with a torch. After the piping is in place, plumbers install the fixtures and appliances and connect the system to the outside water or sewer lines. Using pressure gauges, they check the system to insure that the plumbing works properly.
Most plumbers work for plumbing contractors.
Because plumbers and pipefitters frequently must lift heavy pipes, stand for long periods, and sometimes work in uncomfortable or cramped positions, they need physical strength as well as stamina. They may have to work outdoors in inclement weather. They also are subject to falls from ladders, cuts from sharp tools, and burns from hot pipes or from soldering equipment. These maintenance workers may spend quite a bit of time traveling to and from work sites. Employment Plumbers and pipefitters held about 351,000 jobs in 1992.