Female genital mutilation is primarily, though not solely, practiced in Africa. Often, and incorrectly, assumed to be an Islamic tradition, its origins predate both Christianity and Islam. Some scholars believe that it may be of ancient Egyptian origin. In recent years, a growing and powerful movement of resistance to FGM has developed among African women's rights organizations. A number of women's groups are seeking approaches to combat FGM, while being sensitive to the complex nuances of the issue within their communities.
Religious extremism is a growing challenge to women's rights.
As women activists respond, the Global Fund hears from groups raising awareness about how religious ideology is abused to justify the oppression and subjugation of women and girls. At the same time, we heard women in Africa speak frankly and openly about their desire to be able to address these challenges from within their own religious and cultural contexts. In response to women's struggle to define their rights in ways that are relevant to them, the Global Fund has launched an initiative on women's rights within religious and cultural traditions. In the first few years, the initiative will give priority to efforts of women working within Muslim communities. From its inception, the Global Fund has been committed to increasing women's access to and control over media and communication technology.