This allergen specific IgE binds to mast cells in the animal's skin. Upon subsequent exposure to the same allergen, the bound IgE causes the mast cells to breakdown or degranulate, releasing chemicals such as histamine into the skin that cause the clinical signs of inhalant allergy. The hallmarks of inhalant allergy in the dog are inflammation and itching in the skin, in other words dermatitis. The dog will scratch excessively, persistent chewing or licking at the feet is also commonly seen. Ear infections are very common in dogs with inhalant allergy, as the chronically inflamed skin of the ear canal is very susceptible to infection.
Inhalant allergy can occur in any dog, but certain breeds are predisposed to the condition.
Golden Retrievers, Dalmations, Miniature Schnauzers, Shar Peis, and terriers of all types are breeds we commonly see with inhalant allergies. Typically, the clinical signs of the disease begin between 1 and 3 years of age, and are often seasonal at first. As the dog ages, the clinical signs can become year-round. A diagnosis of inhalant allergy is often made based on the history and clinical signs the animal is exhibiting. Other diseases that cause tremendous itching, especially sarcoptic mange should be ruled out in every case.