Most of these studies assume that the network always operates normally, neglecting the influence of inaccessibility. Routing tables are fixed at system initialization on each router. Reachability information is based upon network addresses. The communication channel is assumed to be error free. The expression is evaluated for every packet transmission.
Ring latency is the time necessary for a bit to propagate through each station.
It characterizes the repeating and or copying of a frame. T s W with each of the parameters as given above. This equation will be used in Section 5 of this paper. Express Express is developed by Parasoft Corporation. It was first developed at Caltech under the name CrOS Cubix.