We begin on the first line. The gemara had discussed rabbinic exegesis based on the spelling and pronunciation of biblical words. Rabbi, R. Yehuda b. Just as the period of purification for a girl is twice that for a boy, so is the period of impurity for a girl twice that as for a boy.
Most animal sacrifices require z'rika, sprinkling the blood.
For other offerings, the blood was sprinkled on northeast and southwest corners, and thus landed on all four sides of the altar. And for the sin-offering, there must be two sprinklings. But Beit Hillel says even for a sin-offering, one sprinkling will effect atonement. Three standard walls, and the fourth only a tefach wide. The Rabbis give primacy to spelling, and R. Shimon gives primacy to pronunciation.