One of the most notable discoveries is a new type of pyroclastic flow, the frightening and destructive phenomenon that is a high-density mix of hot, dry rock fragments and superheated volcanic gases.
Pyroclastic flows are the result of explosive eruptions of molten or solid rock fragments, or both.
The rocks and gases inside a pyroclastic flow can range from 392 to 1,292 degrees Fahrenheit, meaning they destroy everything in their path, causing wood, vegetation and houses to burst into flame. At night, from a safe distance, glowing pyroclastic flows can be seen careening down the slopes of the Soufriere Hills volcano like tumbling fire. Volcanologists monitoring the Montserrat volcano, one of seven on the island, were startled to discover a new type of flow, one that is potentially more lethal, borne from such surges. It flowed like a river to a much greater distance than the surge would have done. Higher rates mean explosions are more likely.