Hence, this term is used to describe multiple joint contractures present at birth. There are many causes for congenital multiple joint contractures, and could be due to abnormal nerve or muscle development in the womb. The cause of arthrogryposis is varied, and not entirely understood. Certainly, in many cases, abnormal nerve, muscle and connective tissue development is involved. Lack of movement of intrauterine movement is also responsible, as in oligohydramnios .
Genetic factors do play a part in many cases, as do environmental factors like drugs.
Incidence of arthrogryposis is one in 3,000 live births. The child is born with multiple joint contractures in all limbs. In the typical child with amyoplasia, intelligence is normal, and sensation is intact. Treatment of arthrogryposis is a challenging problem. It should not be undertaken by any one doctor, but by a multi-disciplinary team, including the pediatrician, neurologist, orthopedic surgeon, geneticist, physical and occupational therapist.