The Guadalupe Mountains, ranging in elevation from 3,500 to 7,500 feet, are the exposed portions of the Capitan barrier reef. The northern part of the mesa is rolling terrain with many canyons generally running to the east. Pinyon and juniper are the predominate trees with grasses, brush and cacti. The southern portion of the Guadalupes consists of deep canyons and sheer cliffs. Vegetation is pinyon, juniper, oak, pine, fir, and Texas madrone trees with ground cover of grasses and cacti.
Many trails wind throughout the southern portion of the District.
Several lead to nearby Carlsbad Caverns and Guadalupe Mountains National Park. All caves in the District require permits for entry. The front part of Cottonwood Cave requires a cave entry permit, while the lower portion is accessible by guided tour only. Permits take a minimum of two weeks to obtain. To apply for a cave entry permit contact the Guadalupe Ranger District Office in Carlsbad.