The mechanisms of woodwind instruments are a major consideration of woodwind intonation. Some signs that there might be mechanism problems are the need to over-grip, honking, huffing, squeakiness, clicking, and loose cork joints. Key height is often a problem with woodwind instruments. If the keys are too close to the tone holes when in open position, the instrument might sound choked and flat. If the keys are too far up, this can cause the instrument to leak, sound bright, and play sharp.
Reeds are another consideration with most woodwind instruments.
Reeds that are stiff give more wind resistance which, in turn, causes students to play sharp. There are many more considerations for brasswind intonation besides pushing or pulling tuning mechanisms. For instance, dents in the tubing of a brass instrument can cause it to play sharp. In fact, the location of dents on the instrument can cause specific notes to play sharp especially if the dent is on the lead pipe. It is a good idea to have dents removed for the best intonation of brass instruments.