Both laws require persons caring for or using farm animals in research or education to receive specific training. Routine visits to university farms and animal facilities are made by members of University Animal Care and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee to be certain that all areas are in full compliance. It is for this reason, that you may be required to make improvements to a housing area, modify a surgical procedure, or otherwise change some aspect which was earlier considered to be acceptable.
Farm animals are fundamentally different from more traditional laboratory animals.
One obvious difference is their size. Genetics is an additional consideration. It is partially for this reason that surgery in the field, under less than optimal conditions, poses no significant risk for cattle. Perhaps the most important difference is the process of domestication. It is for this reason that standards written to ensure adequate care for these species are not as rigid nor narrow, as those written for more traditional laboratory animals.