Identify by doing and labelling the diagram. Identify by naming the few things and the many things, and saying that those few are not enough. Two main versions. Conclusion explicitly says, the earlier thing caused the later one to happen. Identify by suggesting a some other plausible cause than the one mentioned in the conclusion.
Reasons explicitly say, two kinds of things frequently occur together.
Conclusion explicitly says, one of them causes the other to happen. Identify by suggesting a some other plausible cause than the one mentioned in the conclusion. Absence of knowledge, or absence of proof, is explicitly stated as the reason why something is true or is known. The fault-finding may be direct and vicious, or indirect and subtle. A conclusion is reached incorrectly due to a shift in meaning of some word or phrase in the argument.