Plant Considerations When making tree and forage crop selections, consider potential markets, soil type, climatic conditions, and species compatibility. On marginally productive lands, conifers are well-suited for silvopastures because they can adapt to diverse growing sites, respond rapidly to intensive management and permit more light to reach the forest floor. Livestock Selection Potential livestock choices include cattle, sheep, goats, horses, turkeys, chickens, ostriches, emu, rhea or game animals such as bison, deer, elk, caribou, etc. The selected livestock system must be compatible with tree, forage, environment and land use regulations. Younger livestock are more prone to damage trees than are older, more experienced animals.
Livestock are more likely to impact hardwood trees than conifers.
Design and Establishment Silvopastures can be established on any land capable of simultaneously supporting tree and forage growth. However, silvopastoral systems can require a relatively large land base to sustain timber and livestock production continuity. A source of local technical assistance is essential to develop a silvopastoral system matched to local conditions and landowner objectives. Appropriate grazing systems depend on climate, terrain, tree species, tree age, other vegetation, kind of livestock, labor requirements, and extent of fencing, water supplies and supplementary equipment. Tree pattern is an important factor for silvopasture success.