Most consulting geologists have had extensive professional experience in industry, teaching, or research. Also, many geoscientists work for the federal or state government. Salary scales vary from employer to employer depending on the career path, location, qualifications of the geoscientists and, of course, the economy. The most important prerequisites are interest and thorough academic training. You will need a good science background in high school and a bachelor's degree from college at the minimum.
Geology draws on biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics and engineering.
High school courses related to these subjects plus a geology or earth science course, or a strong integrated science curriculum, will help prepare you for college. A solid foundation in English is also essential. The introductory college courses are physical and historical geology. Physical geology focuses on the Earth's structure and composition and on the physical and chemical processes that affect it. Historical geology focuses on the evolution of the Earth and its life forms from its origins to the present.