The Clarence Thomas confirmation hearings were both idiotic and mealymouthed. That proviso makes much of government self-defeating. For every dollar in property taken, a dollar must be paid in compensation. Applied as written, the Fifth Amendment would level Leviathan. Epstein mentions welfare, social security, unemployment benefits, and anti-trust laws.
Private property is the real human right, and the foundation of all freedom.
If a church can't own its building, there can be no freedom of religion. If a newspaper can't own its press or newsprint, there can be no freedom of the press. If there is no private land, there can be no freedom of speech. Liberals like Biden do a rhetorical snake dance to avoid admitting that the lack of property rights doomed communism. They refuse to face the fact that the welfare state must fad for similar reasons.