She lays her eggs singly at the bases of needles on the tips of shoots. In the fall, however, defoliation may exceed 90 percent of the total crown and result in a considerable growth reduction during the following season. Heavily defoliated trees, especially overmature sawtimber, may be killed following secondary attacks by bark beetles. Pupation is completed in the spring, and both adults and larvae are sometimes present throughout the summer and fall. There are 3 to 4 generations per year in the Gulf coastal region.
Natural enemies are usually helpful in preventing or ending outbreaks.
Insecticides may be warranted on high value trees.