Obstruction Also called blocking. Where a player gets in the way of an opponent who is chasing after the ball. This results in a penalty. Off-side Generally when a player is in front of the ball when it was played last by a team member. Penalty kick Kick awarded to the non-offending team after a penalty occurs.
Place kick A kick technique where the ball is place on the ground before being kicked.
Punt kick A kick technique where the ball is dropped and kicked before it touches the ground. Ruck A loose formation created around a free ball or a player who has been brought to the ground with the ball. A tight formation between the two opposing teams in readiness for the ball to be put in the tunnel between the two front rows and brought out into play.