Similarly, a non-volatile solute causes the solvent to freeze at a lower temperature than normal. Molecules of solute spread uniformly throughout and moving within a definite volume of solvent are analogous in a number of ways to gas molecules in a container. This solution expansion is mathematically analogous to the expansion of a gas against a lower outside pressure. The pressure exerted by the molecules of solute confined in a particular volume of solvent is called the osmotic pressure . Here V is the volume of solution, and n is the number of moles of solute dissolved in that volume of solution.
R is, of course, the ideal gas constant.
In this experiment, you will carry out a number of simple experiments in order to observe the four colligative properties. As usual, careful observation and careful work are necessary if you are to obtain reliable results. Although space does not permit a discussion of the importance of colligative properties, these are indeed very important phenomena. Particularly in biology, cells must maintain a delicate balance with their surrounding medium in order not to be destroyed by osmotic pressure, either by explosion or implosion. Be as specific and detailed as possible.