The director can be located anywhere in the world and you can use a post office box as the address on the articles of incorporation. Each state varies.
Most states have an expediting fee.
Nevada, Delaware and Texas can be filed within 24 hours. All states require that a corporation or an LLC have a Registered Agent for Service of Process. A common problem with businesses is that over time the person that is designated as the company's agent for Service of Process moves, quits the company or is not available at the address given during all business hours. This can be catastrophic for your business. If this happens and you are sued, the plaintiff can take a default judgment against your company and you will not even know it has happened.