We should understand dissonance in relation to the whole that is the conflict helix, rather than comprehend conflict from the operation of dissonance. This is the belief of some who feel that the base psychological cause of violent conflict is the expectation of such conflict. For if we prepare for it, try to anticipate it, and see others in the light of its possibility, we will create the satisfaction of our own expectations. In sum, the cause of violence is believed to be the expectation of violence. Expectations are the counterpart of perception.
Perception is present oriented.
Expectation is future oriented. It is what we predict of others based on our perceptions, beliefs, experience, reason, and hopes. It is how we think others will react to our behavior. And if we expect opposition, aggression, or violence to be forthcoming, regardless of whether there is a basis in actuality, we will contribute to bringing about the anticipated condition. What is crucial is what each of us believes.