Therefore, a bank's interdependency between systems also must be considered. The control banks can exert over the systems in which they participate often is limited. A bank normally does not own or operate the systems. The following briefly identifies several control issues, types of settlement systems, and associated risks. These are not all encompassing.
Much more detail is needed to perform a comprehensive risk assessment on any settlement system.
Other references include two recently published reports on this issue. These issues are generally the same for both national and international systems. A process to monitor and control these limits on a real time basis. This may require allocation of funding by participants, coinsurance, or central bank guarantees. This may require backup operations or the ability for the bank to bypass the network.