Both Christian name and surname should be used. Normal courtesies should be observed. At a meal, toasts are usually made and should be returned. Few people speak English outside hotels, big restaurants and tourist offices. A knowledge of German is very useful.
Gifts are acceptable for hosts as a token of thanks, particularly when invited for a meal.
Casual wear is acceptable in most places, with the exception of expensive restaurants and bars. Formal attire should be worn for important social functions, but it is not common practice to specify dress on invitations. Smoking is prohibited on public transport in towns and public buildings. Travellers may smoke on long-distance trains.