Explain what is meant by the polarity of the water molecule, and how the polarity of water molecules allows them to interact with one another. The concentration of free hydrogen ions in solutions is measured by the pH scale. Name the three most abundant elements in living things. Each carbon atom can form as many as four covalent bonds with other carbon atoms as well as with other elements. List the four main families of small organic molecules.
Enzymes are a special class of proteins that speed up chemical reactions in cells.
Condensation reactions result in the formation of covalent bonds between small molecules to form larger organic molecules. Describe what occurs during hydrolysis reactions. Define carbohydrates and list their functions. Define lipids and list their functions. Distinguish a saturated fat from an unsaturated fat.