Decreased sensitivity of the cornea can also lead to insufficient production of tears. Excessive evaporation of tears can also cause dry eye syndrome. People with unusually large eyes, as well as those who suffer from thyroid disease, may also experience dry eye syndrome caused by excessive evaporation. Dry eye can also result from unusual facial anatomy or irregularities in the cornea, resulting in uneven or inadequate tear coverage of the eye. Some patients suffer from dry eye as a result of medications such as antibiotics, antihistamines, diuretics, and anti-diarrheals, which can dry up the mucous membranes.
Hormonal changes can also affect secretions from the tear glands.
The Schepens scientists have conducted landmark studies on the causes of dry eye and have developed new techniques for diagnosing and treating it, such as special eye drops designed to alleviate the discomfort associated with the condition. About 10 million Americans suffer from dry eye syndrome. Most of these cases result from normal aging of the glands in the eye, but dry eye can occur at any age. It occurs in both men and women, although it is most common in women who are pregnant or post-menopausal. People suffering from allergies and those wearing contact lenses have greater risk of developing dry eye.