A 1990 survey found 44,000 acres in Colorado infested with leafy spurge. In 1998, a follow-up survey indicated that the state now has about 96,800 infested acres. Leafy spurge is an erect plant that grows 1 to 3 feet tall. Leaves are bluish-green with smooth margins, 0.25 inch to 0.5 inch wide, and 1 inch to 4 inches long. Flowers occur in many clusters toward the top of the plant.
Leafy spurge contains a white milky latex in all plant parts.
Leafy spurge has an extensive root system. Abundant in the top foot of soil, it may grow 15 feet deep or more. Roots contain substantial nutrient reserves that allow the weed to recover from stress, including control efforts. Many vegetative buds along roots grow into new shoots. This contributes to its persistence and spread.