All learned from each other. The Europeans thought medicine men were practicing witchcraft. They did not understand what we were doing. Even now, they are afraid of it or worse yet, endorse the outward ceremonies without understanding what we are doing inside. Much of that effectiveness originates from the pharmaceutical industry distilling the herbal wisdom of the native shaman.
Modern medicine achieves some truly awesome healings by pounding on the symptoms.
It is said by some prominent writers that the patient is not part of the healing process but relies passively on the shaman to exorcise the evil spirits. That is the exact opposite of what really happens. The native shaman works with harmonies. What we find is all of these opposites coming together, and they come together in varying degrees with some stronger than others, but always part of the harmony. It is like seeing an eagle flying, balanced on the winds.