Variations for the defender include such things as only using the lower body, only using the upper body, waiting until he is attacked, and initiating the first move. The attackers may attack in turn or en masse . Forth One of the most important principles of Bukti Negara is to always have a backup. Ideally one technique will end the fight, but that is not the best way to train. Something can always go wrong.
Many exercises teach the student to always have another technique ready in case the first fails.
In one basic training method the student uses a number of long range techniques to close the distance so that short range technques can be used. In another one partner sets up a throw, taking it just to the point of lost balance and allows the other to escape. Without losing control he finds the most efficient throw from the new position. In these an attack is met with a response which is itself countered. The quality of the drills rests on the ability of each partner to react quickly and efficiently in a way which does not stop the action.