A brief review of Wilhelm Burian's report on the history and state of psychoanalysis in Austria, which is generally correct, shall conclude this article. Its contents are absolutely correct. When Freud called psychoanalysis a 'natural science', it meant something quite different than it would mean if he said it today. Also, the German word 'Wissenschaft' has a different meaning than the English word 'science'. Translated literally, 'Wissenschaft' means 'creating knowledge'.
Emphasis is laid on the nature of the process.
Therefore, every field that uses a method that creates new knowledge is a 'Wissen-schaft' . In the German language, even theology and philosophy can and do call themselves by this name. On the other hand, 'science', when literally translated, means knowledge. In this word, the emphasis is laid on the results which have been proven by evidence. It is for this reason that history and all the humanities are not called sciences in English and its representatives are called scholars, not scientists.