Modulus of kurtosis as a function of angle. Maxima are obtained in the directions of the independent components. Maximum likelihood estimation. A measure of redundancy of . Summary of ICA estimation principles.
Most approaches differ little.
All approaches can be interpreted as maximizing the nongaussianity of ICs. No parameters to be tuned. Relations to other methods. Due to some external circumstances, only linear mixtures of the source signals are observed. Estimation by maximizing nongaussianity of independent components.