Virus neutralization by germ-line vs. hypermutated antibodies. Induction of optimal anti-viral neutralizing B cell responses by dendritic cells requires transport and release of virus particles in secondary lymphoid organs. Immunotherapy with dendritic cells directed against tumor antigens shared with normal host cells results in severe autoimmune disease. In vivo antigen loading and activation of dendritic cells via a liposomal peptide vaccine mediates protective antiviral and anti-tumour immunity. A primitive T cell-independent mechanism of intestinal mucosal IgA responses to commensal bacteria.
Protective capacity depends on effector cytokine secretion and on migratory capability.
Natural antibodies and complement link innate and acquired immunity. FTY720 immunosuppression impairs effector T cell peripheral homing without affecting induction, expansion, and memory. Additive effect of neutralizing antibody and antiviral drug treatment in preventing virus escape and persistence. Localization dose and time of antigens determine immune reactivity.