The research did not answer the question of whether reading silently to oneself helped improve reading fluency. Strategies providing rich contexts, capitalizing on incidental learning and utilizing computer use were found to be effective. A combination of reading comprehension techniques is the most effective and improves standardized test results. Text comprehension is enhanced when readers actively relate the ideas represented in print to their own knowledge and experiences and construct mental representations in memory. In order for teachers to use strategies effectively, extensive formal instruction in reading comprehension is necessary.
More research is needed.
In-service professional development produced significantly higher student achievement. The use of computers in vocabulary instruction was found to be more effective than some traditional methods. The addition of speech functions on computers may be a promising use in reading instruction. Hypertext may have an instructional advantage. Word processors may be very useful.