This became a source of creating A and B chains. They were able to combine these chemically to create the insulin they needed. The actual process of cloning the insulin gene is shown in a drawing at the end of the report. Knowing the gene coding is the first step. This code is then inserted into a bacterial plasmid.
Plasmids are circles of DNA that are found inside bacterial cells.
Plasmids can be used as vectors. A vector is a plasmid or virus that is used in genetic engineering to insert genes into the cell that is trying to be replicated. This vector will then help the DNA to be transferred to other cells. Further processes such as transcription and translation of the insulin will allow this molecule to properly work. The plasmid is cut across both strands by a restriction enzyme, leaving loose, sticky ends to which DNA can be attached.