Although women have clearly developed creative survival strategies, they derive great benefit from gender-progressive programs and coalitions. Women who have recently attained arable land through state or NGO programs, for example, report greater self- esteem, economic security, and improved treatment from their husbands and families. In addition, the paper calls for further empirical testing of aspects other than income that bear on bargaining power, including intrahousehold coalitions. While some qualitative dimensions such as the value placed on women's contributions and needs cannot be tested empirically, they should nonetheless be studied and incorporated analyses and models as fully as possible. Download full-text discussion paper .
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