To date, varieties of this type have not proven superior to spring-bearing selections. There is no subgrouping of satsumas. Armstrong Early matures its fruit 3 to 4 weeks ahead of Owari. It tends to have smaller fruit, not as high in quality, although very acceptable. Brown Select is a promising new variety.
Kumquats are the most cold hardy of the acid-type citrus that produce edible fruits.
Three Fortunella species comprise the most common varieties grown. Hayward is the most common female variety. This type produces large, tasty fruit with fuzzy skin. Both species are dioecious, having male and female varieties. It is especially sensitive to freeze damage through 3 years of age.