A problem too complex to attribute solely to gender, poverty must be examined through factors such as nutrition, health, and time and workload allocation. In order to better define which households are truly female-headed, future studies need to analyze the endogenous processes that lead to female headship. Women in developing countries generally have lower levels of education, resources, and social support than men. Despite an apparent lack of significant gender poverty differences in this and other studies, therefore, policy intervention should continue to consider gender when formulating models. Download full-text discussion paper .
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