The major way to fight hunger is through increasing real incomes and expanding employment. Historically, countries that have achieved large increases in real incomes have done so through structural transformation of the economies. The reduction of consumer expenditures on food items is essential to expanding real incomes and employment in other sectors of the economy. Generating the productivity increases needed to bring about these lower food prices requires an ongoing stream of technological and institutional changes throughout the food system . The transition from farm to non-farm employment is not automatic.
Problems often exist with labor markets and new and expanding enterprises.
Facilitating the generation of non-farm activities that expand employment and income is an essential complement to improving agricultural production. Evaluating the appropriate mix of public and private actions in the food system. Helping develop appropriate mechanisms to transfer knowledge to, and mobilize capital in, poor countries Developing ways of dealing with emergencies and helping those left behind in ways that don't hinder structural transformation. For example, how can emergency food aid become a more effective tool for development, given likely changes in food aid availability and data needed to program it.