In the context of the individual, these consequences may not appear causally related to the behavior itself but are manifest as indirect social consequences. One way to think about this is that the action of selection at the higher level of organization modifies the influence of selection at the lower level of organization. This is because inherently the environment of the individual includes the social environment and selection cannot be considered independently of this social environment. We can see such social mechanisms at all levels of collective organization. Cellular systems provide for regulation of gene expression or replication.
Physiological systems provide for prevention of cancerous growths.
More generally we can consider the immune system as combating selfish or aggressive individual cells that appear as infections. Social systems ranging from spousal selection in sexual reproduction to ostracism to human legal systems provide for regulation or reward of individual behaviors. Once a collective community identity is formed and it is competing for resources and survival at the next level of organization, then various other properties of the collective entity may be introduced through incremental evolutionary change. These include specialization and more elaborate forms of interdependence that are found in complex systems. These arise as improvements in the capabilities of the community.