Doctors are being cautioned about these risks. In the past, AZT monotherapy has been the standard treatment used to prevent perinatal transmission of HIV from a woman to her baby. But researchers concluded that further studies are needed to look at the effects of HIV infection on pregnant women, as well as the impact of combination HIV therapy. While the jury is still out on the benefit and possible toxicities of protease drugs, their decision cleared the way for studies that could provide much-needed information about optimum treatment for pregnant women. Up to now, only AZT and 3TC have been well evaluated in pregnant women and AZT studies have shown the drug appears safe for pregnant women.
New data suggest it causes no significant long-term side effects in children.
The rate among women receiving therapy is lower. Since advanced disease and low T-cell counts may also play a role in pregnancy complications, combination therapy can be beneficial, contributing to a healthy pregnancy by slowing HIV infection and preventing opportunistic infections. A California study of 37 HIV-positive women published in January found that protease inhibitor treatment appeared safe, prevented HIV transmission, and caused no birth defects in 32 newborns studied thus far. Those already taking protease drugs when they get pregnant should thoroughly discuss the risks and benefits of their current regimen with their doctors. Experts continue to suggest that all pregnant women, regardless of their drug regimen, should take AZT to reduce the risk of perinatal transmission.