Water soluble molecules are absorbed into the blood stream which drains to the liver via the hepatic portal vein. The liver has a chance to modify chemicals before they enter the general circulation. Fats and fatty acids are resynthesized into triglycerides and phospholipids and accumulate in interstitial spaces where they are picked up by the lacteals and eventually find their way to the blood via the subclavian lymphatic drainage. The fats are mostly in the form of chylomicrons which are very low density, meaning that they have little protein in the particle. Chylomicrons are picked up by liver cells which have receptors for them and they are processed into low density lipoproteins which are picked up by fat cells among others.
Fat cells release high density lipoproteins when called upon to do so.
The large intestine absorbs minerals and water primarily, compacting the feces and recovering much of the succus entericus. The greatest of these is water . Minerals are often divided into major and minor categories depending on the amount required. Vitamins have become well known because of the money that can be made in promoting their use. An average American diet contains lots of them and the only time a person should supplement these is during pregnancy, illness, and childhood.