Human genomic research could also explode popular perceptions about racial differences. For example, the new research suggests that all individuals are 99.99 percent alike. And researchers are finding that the gene pool in Africa, where man is thought to have originated, remains more diverse than in the rest of the world. These findings undermine sweeping notions of differences based on skin color, scientists say. But the new science could unwittingly usher in a new era of genetic discrimination.
Many states ban the practice, but no specific national laws exist.
And the federal laws that might apply have not yet been tested in the courts. In a survey of 2,133 employers last year by the American Management Association, seven said they are currently using genetic testing for job applicants or employees, according to Science. That's because the new science already gives researchers ways to study thousands of genes at a time. The key will be how easily scientists can turn their enhanced understanding into practical applications. Now, the door is open.