In October, attacks on Kurdish villages result in the deaths of thousands. As many as 7,000 Kurds are killed by the use of poison gas. Turkey lifts ban set by former military government on the use of Kurdish language in unofficial settings. Kurdish remains illegal in schools, political settings, and broadcasts. The Turkish government grants limited autonomy to the Kurds, though Kurdish political parties continue to be banned.
Martial law is imposed to quell uprisings.
Tens of thousands of security forces are sent to southeastern Turkey as the struggle intensifies. In a military operation similar to the one in 1992, about 35,000 Turkish troops invade PKK bases in Iraq. In late October, Turkey threatens to attack Syria unless Ocalan is expelled from the neighboring country. The PKK leader evacuates his long-time base, first showing up in Russia and then in Italy. Ocalan reportedly leaves Italy, but has trouble finding refuge.