Northern cardinals are found throughout the eastern half of the U.S. and most of Mexico. They have recently been expanding their ranges north and southwest. Cardinals are colorful, tolerant of people, have pleasant calls, and are easily attracted to bird feeders. Their bright plumage brings color to our yards during the winter when many other species have flown south. Cardinals may form winter flocks of 60-70 birds.
Males care for the first brood while the females are incubating a second clutch in a new nest.
Females usually sing after males establish territory but before nesting starts. Females dull colors help camouflage them from predators. Males bright colors help attract a mate. Males are duller in winter. Male cardinals vigorously defend their territory.