Use of other insecticides and cultural control methods should be used to slow down or eliminate the possibility of resistance developing. Microbial insecticides are more expensive to produce than chemical insecticides. Microbial insecticides are more environmentally benign, selective, and cause minimal impacts on non-target organisms. Microbial insecticides are less expensive to register than chemical insecticides. Microbial insecticides are more difficult to apply in the field, are less persistent, and are slower acting than many chemical control agents.
Microbial insecticides are compatible with integrated pest management practices.
Transgenic plants and other microorganisms. More natural environment screening for new BT pathotypes. Bacillus sphaericus More active than BTI against mosquitoes. Two Cry proteins are required for larvacidal activity - binary toxin. Midgut receptor targets that control feeding.