Flowers tall spikes, foul smelling, dark reddish brown, July - April. Is thought to have the potential to invade and dominate bluff associations and grazed or open canopy gaps of steeplands.
Large leaves create a heavy shading effect.
Seeds spread throughout estuaries and waterways to bulking-up sites around the margins of harbours etc. Seed dispersal distance only moderate. Possibly float on spring tides and down streams etc. Disposal May be left to rot, or can be mulched or composted. Recommended Approach Dig out smaller infestations.