The fields surrounding protons and electrons are known as electrostatic fields. When electrons are made to move, the result is dynamic electricity. There are more than one hundred different atoms or elements. The simplest and lightest is Hydrogen. An atom of Hydrogen consists of one electron whirling around one proton much like the moon revolving around the earth.
Most atoms have a nucleus consisting of all the protons of the atom and also one or more neutrons.
The first layer of electrons outside the nucleus can only accomodate two electrons. If the atom has three electrons then two will be in the first layer and the third will be in the next layer. The second layer is completely filled when eight electrons are whirling around it. The third is filled when eighteen electrons are whirling around. Don't think these electrons whirl around in some haphazard manner, they don't.