Only one of the following statements is correct. Common law pleading started with the Norman Conquest and ended with the American Revolution. The Chancellor was appointed by Parliament. Common law pleading was known as notice pleading. Summary judgment was an integral part of common law pleading.
Mortgages are a creation or example of substantive equity.
The novelist Charles Dickens praised the English system of justice in the early 1800's. The New England colonies gave a prominent role to courts of equity. Code pleading included the rejoinder, the rebutter and the traverse. Code pleading was known for its multiple, almost endless pleadings. The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure are sometimes described as fact pleading.