Cumberland Gap is discovered and aids expansion to the west. The Iron Act is generally ignored in the North American colonies. Bituminous coal in Virginia. Flatboat invented by Pennsylvanian Jacob Yoder.
Puritans buy West Indies sugar to distill rum, which pays for slave trade.
The treaty is bitterly resented by the French who see it as a sign of Spanish Bourbon independence. Famine continues to plague France, but there are 22 million Frenchmen making it by far the most populous European nation. England's Iron Act essentially outlaws iron manufacturing in the American colonies, but bar and pig iron is allowed to trade for finished materials from England. With a change of monarchs in Portugal the Inquisition is banished from the country. Westminster Bridge is the first across the Thames in seven centuries.