However, due to environmental concerns, tires are not permitted in some waters. Before placing these structures, consult your state agency for any necessary permits or licenses. Click here for map of states that used this method. Although some studies report positive results, others found the structures to be ineffective. Effectiveness of these structures depend on environmental conditions of the reservoir and the depth of placement.
Rubber tire leachates in the aquatic environment.
Hartwell, S. I., Jordahl, D. M., Dawson, S. E. O., and A. S. Ives. Mueller, G., and C. R. Liston. Evaluation of tire reefs for enhancing aquatic communities in concrete-lined canals. Nelson, S. M., G. Mueller, and D. C. Hemphill. Identification of tire leachate toxicants and a risk assessment of water quality effects using tire reefs in canals.