He went directly to the magazine's publisher, the National Audubon Society, which has an ongoing deal with UMI, and demanded payment. But that decision, the persistent photographer pointed out, doesn't cover paper reprints of individual articles. It isn't only photographers. Freelancer finds out that publisher has reused or sublicensed the article without benefit of contract. Freelancer notifies publisher and, where necessary, persists.
Publisher negotiates a cash settlement.
The writer found out and sent an invoice. After hemming and hawing and lawyering, CMP paid. Since the buyer wants the magazine's name as well as the writer's words, it's reasonable for author and publisher to split the income if arranged in advance. It is not reasonable for the publisher to take it all. The writer asked and collected triple the original fee.