Courts frown on such attorney participation as a misrepresentation to the Court. In some instances, it has been construed as fraud since pro se's are often afforded special considerations which they are not due under the circumstances. Similar concerns arise when the attorney assistance is outside the context of litigation.
Parties can communicate and discuss the subject of the litigations between themselves.
However, a lawyer may not importune another to do that which he or she may not do themselves. It has been held that a lawyer cannot suggest or direct that his client call the other side and simply direct that conversation in lieu of the attorney having direct communication. Trumbull County Bar Assoc. As a result, ghost-writing a conversation or written communication between a supposedly pro se party and a party known to be represented might violate Rule 4.2 by proxy. It has also been suggested that it is unethical for a lawyer to send a client to discuss a case privately with a Judge or to knowingly permit a client to do so.