Currently, the recommendation from the CDC is for children to receive two doses of IPV at two months and four months of age followed by two doses of OPV administered at six to 18 or 12 to 18 months of age and at four to six years of age. A new treatment for patients with severe urinary control problems has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The InterStim therapy for urinary control is indicated for the treatment of urinary urge incontinence and urinary retention, as well as for significant symptoms of urgency frequency. InterStim therapy uses neurostimulation to send mild electrical pulses to the sacral nerves in the lower back that control bladder function. The small neurostimulator is placed under the skin of the abdomen.
Risks associated with the therapy include the risk of the surgical procedure itself and infection.
Possible side effects include pain, infection and lead migration. The report's conclusions are based on a systematic review of the best available evidence from published research. No trials evaluating the effectiveness of two herbal preparations, kava kava and valeriana, in the treatment of depression were found, and evidence about the effectiveness of St. John's wort is unclear. However, the researchers noted that the literature suggests St. John's wort shows promise for the treatment of mild to moderate depression and may have fewer adverse effects than older antidepressants. The researchers said that the discontinuation rates of the older and newer antidepressant medications because of adverse effects are similar.