Women seeking tubal sterilization. Effectiveness and long-term risks and benefits. Eleven million US women 15-44 years of age rely on TS for contraception.
Failure rates vary by method with one third or more resulting in ectopic pregnancy.
Reversal is most successful after use of methods that destroy the least tube. Evidence of menstrual or hormonal disturbance after TS is weak, although some studies find higher rates of hysterectomy among previously sterilized women. Decreased risk of subsequent ovarian cancer has been observed among sterilized women. Failures, although uncommon, occur at higher rates than previously appreciated. Evidence for hormonal or menstrual changes due to TS is weak.