Although horn lengths are difficult to discern, other horn characteristics can be used to differentiate between the two sexes. Males have heavier horn growth, with a greater basal diameter and greater diameter along the entire length of the horn. Female horns are thinner and less massive appearing. Unfortunately, this difference is difficult to distinguish except in larger adults at very close range. Horn curvature usually differs significantly between males and females.
Males exhibit a smooth, even curvature throughout the entire length of the horn.
In contrast, horns show their greatest curvature near the tips. This virus is contained in dark brown or black scabby lesions around the eyes, nose, muzzle, ears, or sex organs of goats and sheep. The virus is contained in the scabs which dry and slough off, and is known to remain active in scabs laying on the ground for at least 30 years. Goats grazing in the area can then pick up the virus through cuts or abrasions. Manifestation of the virus has periodically occurred in goat populations throughout Southeast Alaska and, while not common, is not considered unusual.