Ongoing work in Ghana and Sumatra aims to investigate whether differences exist between men's and women's rights to land and trees, and whether these differences affect the efficiency of tree resource management. Among the Akan in Western Ghana, the kinship system is uterine matrilineal, and in Sumatra, kinship and inheritance are along matrilineal lines. In both areas, traditional systems of communal ownership and inheritance are giving way to individualized property rights. The former survey is useful to delineate the geographical characteristics of tree resource management, to identify broadly the major issues in the region, and to select appropriate study sites for household surveys. The intensive survey is designed to assess management practices of tree resources by households and communities.
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