Describe the structure of a human heart and the flow of blood through it. Explain how the mammalian heart contracts. Understand how the heart s performance is monitored. Explain how exercise affects cardiac output. Describe how blood flow, pressure and volume are regulated.
Respiration Describe the anatomy of the human respiratory system and the mechanics of breathing.
Understand how breathing and blood gas levels are regulated. Understand the importance of gas carrier molecules in the circulatory system of vertebrates. Describe how oxygen is transported from the alveoli to metabolically active tissue, how carbon dioxide returns and how the Bohr effect augments this gaseous exchange. Understand the importance of a chemical transmission of the nervous impulse across synapses. Know the primary divisions of the human brain and the functions of each.