Introduction to Parallel Computing by Kumar, Grama, Gupta and Karypis. A load instruction gets a shared value Much quicker than starting a message Many loads are required. The network must have a large bandwidth. Ethernet using a hub is like a bus.
Ethernet using a switch is like a completely connected network.
Both hubs and switches resemble star networks. Cut-Through CT routing speeds up communication on the ring and mesh. Using the d phase algorithm on a hypercube is not aided by CT routing, because each communication uses 1 link. For large m, t s and t h contribute less to t. The dual is multinode accumulation.