Academic language is scholarly, learned, textbook language. Notice that the question tells you to concentrate on the quoted statement. This statement does not fit the characteristics of an analysis. Don't be misled because the passage contains logical fallacies. Notice that the question tells you to concentrate on the quoted statement.
Factual language is based on or contains facts.
Figurative language uses words that mean something else on a literal level. The narrator did not actually pound, claw, and scrape. He uses these words to suggest that teaching logic to Polly was very hard work requiring a great deal of effort. He compares the mental work of teaching with hard, physical labor. The narrator does not tell us of any of Polly's talents or virtues.