Though these impacts vary according to fuel and technology type, and the economic sector, they also have costs and benefits to humans and ecosystems. These resources are not evenly distributed in the continent. In other areas, Angola, Gabon, Congo, Cameroon and Sudan are among those possessing significant reserves. Mozambique, Namibia and Tanzania have only significant gas oil reserves. In addition to these fossil sources, there are geothermal deposits in Eastern Africa along the Rift valley concentrated in two countries, Kenya and Ethiopia.
Most countries enjoy long hours of sunshine with accompanied radiation that can be exploited.
Also, agriculture accounts on the average for a third of the continent s GDP, hence significant quantity of agricultural wastes are generated that could be used for both high quality solid and liquid energy. Wind resources are available in selected sites, mostly along the coastlines in the Northern, Western and Southern Africa. Africa therefore is not short of energy resources for attaining energy security, but developing a strategy for accessing well-known technologies remains a challenge. Electricity generation in Africa is very low by world standards. There are regional differences, coal dominates southern Africa, while oil and gas is predominant in Northern Africa.