This approach, strongly reflected in the information technologies influencing organizational restructuring, dissociates the human from the machine, in effect constructing an artificial and abstract environment in which processes are efficiently automated. Human feedback is removed as much as possible. Many information systems began to take on a self-contained aspect. Mechanical systems are becoming highly knowledgeable in artificial environments. The result is an extremely rational model of work, processes, and intelligence.
Problem solving, or task, still defines the boundaries of the system's behavior and utility.
In other words, humans still determine the intentionality directing the information system. The system may be effective and efficient as well as organizationally and socially transforming, perhaps even knowledgeable, but it is not intrinsically wise. This context must be provided by the system's architects and users. The Internet was created to resolve a problem. Like so much of Bush's insight, it originated from concerns with communications and warfare.