Thus, the corresponding dates in the Western calendar, which is based on the sun, change each year. Because 354 days correspond to approxiamately twelve lunar months, Ramadan occurs eleven days earlier than each preceding year. Consequently, Ramadan may occur in the winter or in the summer. Based on the Islamic calendar, Ramadan occurs on the ninth month. The festival of Ramadan entails a variety of activities for Muslims.
Most adults practice adstinence, reflection, and purification.
Muslims should refrain from all indulgences, including smoking. After sunset, Muslims may practice these activities in moderation, eat special sweets, and recite parts of the Quran. Before sunset, Muslims may eat only a light meal. During the id ul-fitifr, a feast near the new moon's arrival, Muslims exchange presents and decorate homes. Importantly, the young, the sick, pregnant women, and soldiers have no obligations during Ramadan.