Columbia Encyclopedia World Factbook American Heritage Coll. The World Factbook. The Maldives were long a sultanate, first under Dutch and then under British protection. They became a republic in 1968, three years after independence. Almost 400,000 tourists visited the islands in 1998.
Fishing is a second leading sector.
The Maldivian Government began an economic reform program in 1989 initially by lifting import quotas and opening some exports to the private sector. Subsequently, it has liberalized regulations to allow more foreign investment. Agriculture and manufacturing continue to play a minor role in the economy, constrained by the limited availability of cultivable land and the shortage of domestic labor. Most staple foods must be imported.