Bancroftian filariasis is present in Costa Rica. Dengue fever and Venezuelan equine encephalitis may occur in all countries. The foodborne and waterborne diseases , including amoebic and bacillary dysenteries and other diarrhoeal diseases, and the typhoid fevers are very common throughout the area. All countries except Panama reported cases of cholera in 1996. Hepatitis A occurs throughout the area and hepatitis E has been reported in Mexico.
Helminthic infections are common.
Brucellosis occurs in the northern part of the area. Many Salmonella typhi infections from Mexico and Shigella dysenteriae type 1 infections from mainland Middle America as a whole have been caused by drug-resistant enterobacteria. Other diseases . Snakes may be a hazard in some areas. Other hazards .