The states have disseminated documents that outline achievement expectations, but these vary in depth, breadth, and the amount of information they provide about curriculum and pedagogy. Chapter 1 is a valuable resource for capacity building in several states and districts. State Chapter 1 directors encourage districts to use Chapter 1 to stimulate innovation, and some Chapter 1 schools routinely experiment with innovations and readily adopt research-based pilot programs. Because technical assistance and staff development are often pieced together from several sources, many schools are experiencing a surge in programmatic initiatives. Site-Based Management and Community Involvement .
Local leadership depends on effective management and community involvement.
Such strategies include widespread ownership of change, clear goals and feedback cycles, a long time horizon, stable organizational structures at all levels, and flexibility in adapting reforms to local contexts. I Policy Development Change takes time. The fact that this is a cliche does not make it untrue or unimportant, especially where the need for change competes with the need for stability. Policy makers should not expect change to occur quickly and should not judge the effects of reform too early. Reformers should look for every opportunity to build upon existing professional and policy initiatives .