There are several methods that can be used to determine the impact of a large dairy farm on water supplies. The first approach is to look at the availability of ground water in the area. They also have records of all the wells drilled in the state. On-site pumping tests can also be used to evaluate the impact of water use.
Flood plains are areas near streams or rivers that flood during periods of heavy rain.
Flood plains are not suitable for livestock farms or manure storage facilities. Flood waters can be dangerous to livestock, and manure can be carried from the farm via flood waters and result in stream contamination. Soil type should always be considered when investigating sites for construction of manure lagoons and when planning manure utilization practices. Heavy clay soils present problems with drainage, ponding, compaction, and cracking. Sloping or highly erodible soils cause limitations because of potential problems with runoff and erosion.