Engineers and scientists regularly deal with magnetic fields in the study of electric circuits, motors, optics, and various other fields of technology. The power of the magnetic fields involved can vary a great deal, so many ways of measuring things have developed through the ages. The first known magnetic material is a naturally-occurring mineral deposit known as a lodestone . This discovery was useful for early navigational systems on ships. Magnetism and electricity are closely related phenomena.
Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter.
Matter is made up of electrons, neutrons, and protons . These tiny particles are the building blocks of atoms. An atom has a net positive electric charge when it loses one of its electrons, and a net negative electric charge when it gains an extra electron. On the other hand, magnetic charges do not exist - Magnetic fields are generated solely by moving electric charges. An example of the relationship between electricity and magnetism is the motor.