Usually, Phase III trials are randomized, which means that the treatment, new drug vs old drug, is determined by chance. This prevents any bias from influencing the outcome. All of the current major chemotherapy drugs have gone through this type of testing. Not all experimental trials involve chemotherapy. GENE A specific segment on a chromosome that determines a specific cell function.
Genes control such individual characteristics as eye color, height and size.
Some genes control the growth of a cell and its ability to repair itself if changed by a mutation. If a gene that limits a cells growth mutates and is no longer able to stop the cell from uncontrolled growth then that cell may give rise to a cancer. Genes are passed down to successive generations. There may be as many as 100,000 genes in every nucleus. Moderately differentiated or Grade II cancers are intermediate in appearance.