Analysis provides information about each type of data, such as artifacts, ecofacts, etc. Some can be done in the field, but much more is done in the lab. Interpretation involves a synthesis of all the results of data collection. Many models, theories and hypotheses are used in this process. Much of this is determined by your theoretical perspective, that is, the way you view the past.
Publication involves distributing the results of the work to colleagues and the publics involved.
As noted many times already, archaeology does not occur in a social vacuum. Lives are affected in many ways by the things we do. We have obligations to those people and to the archaeological record. Society for American Archaeology Ethics Code, World Archaeological Congress Ethics Code for Work with Indigenous Peoples spell out concerns. In a sense the research design process mirrors the scientific method of observation, experimentation and explanation, moving from induction to deduction to induction and so forth, in a cyclical process.