A second dot adds half the value of the first dot. If the notehead is located in a space, the dot is placed in that same space. If the notehead is on a line, the dot is placed in the space just above the line.
Exceptions sometimes have to be made if several dotted notes share a single stem.
Tied notes are performed as a single note value. The flag is used with single notes, e.g., the eighth note. If two or more eighth notes occur consecutively, the preference is to beam the notes, even in vocal music notation. The tempo of a work may be indicated by an Italian marking, such as presto, andante , etc. An Arabic number must be used to indicate grouping divisions which do not fit the current meter scheme.