Job evaluation and compensable factors must capture these negative characteristics. Above market wages will improve efficiency by attracting workers who will perform better and be less willing to leave. Pay practices must recognize these behaviors by better pay, larger bonuses, and other forms of compensation. Pay level will affect ability to recruit. The value of an individual's skills and abilities is a function of the time and expense required to acquire them.
Higher pay is required to induce people to train for more difficult jobs.
As hiring difficulties increase, employers should expect to spend more to train new hires.