Thus, a particular stimulus is not a necessary condition for a particular response. Learning consists of the association of stimuli and responses. BUT learning should be described as the acquisition of knowledge. In theories postulating cognitive maps or observational learning, behavior is derived from the theory by assuming that the organism will behave appropriately given its knowledge. Such assumptions are not acceptably objective.
Observed behavior is the result of integration of many reflexes.
Therefore, it may have properties not possessed by any individual reflex. Operant responses are emitted, rather than elicited by stimuli. Thus, the S-R reflex thesis can be reduced to the claim that all behavior is functionally dependent upon the environment. BUT the environment and behavior are causally interdependent. YES, reciprocal determination , in which organisms alter the environment that controls them, is incorporated into many behaviorist theories.