Geography is concerned with where and why things are located as they are. It is concerned with the patterns of phenomena and the processes that created them. Therefore there is no special or specific subject matter which it studies, but rather its subject matter is Earth, described and explained using the spatial perspective. History is somewhat similar because its subject matter is Earth in the historical perspective. Geography is often described as two parts which make up a whole.
Regional geography focuses on areas of Earth space that have some degree of homogeneity.
Regions may be basically physical, human or some combination of both and may vary in size from continents to small ecosystems. Topical geography considers systematic studies of climate, landforms, economics, and culture among others. Geographers may specialize and call themselves, for example, urban geographers, climatologists, political geographers, biogeographers, and historical geographers. One thing in common to all of them is their focus on the spatial perspective in their studies. This perspective will enable them to understand why location is an important variable in such activities as buying a house, locating a business, understanding an historical event, and planning for the future.