Many 'superstitions' exemplify conditioned responses arising from accidental contingencies. Science and Human Behavior , 55. The environment is so constructed that certain things tend to happen together. The organism is so constructed that its behavior changes when it comes into contact with such an environment. There are three principal cases.
Respondent conditioning is the corresponding effect upon behavior.
Operant conditioning is the corresponding effect upon behavior. Certain events are the occasions upon which certain actions effect certain changes in the environment. Operant discrimination is the corresponding effect upon behavior. Temporal relation of S 0 and S 1 . Science and Human Behavior , 108.