Inter-firm linkages often support tracking of individual products across firm boundaries and are expected to be positively related to outcome focused control . A major focus of process review and control and continuous improvement is to increase the inherent measurability of process outcomes and analyze this information effectively, thus a positive impact is hypothesized. Thus, JIT is expected to support outcome focused control. Theory does not suggest whether technologies will be associated with individual or team outcome monitoring, while the literature on practices strongly suggests that they will be implemented along with a pay scheme which recognizes team, rather than individual, outcomes. Extent of use of product tracking and inter-firm linkage technologies, and all management practices is positively related to the use of outcome control.
Repetitive tasks become automated, creating more complex, intellectually demanding jobs.
Similarly, process review and control practices require significantly different skills due to the statistical concepts required to understand it. Ensuring workers are capable of performing tasks is generally accomplished through selection and training practices. Extent of use of process automation technologies, and process review and control and continuous improvement practices is positively related to use of input control. Technologies and practices provide a plethora of measures to support increased measurability, thus technologies and practices which support task measurement are also expected to provide a basis for peer control. Product tracking technologies support increased monitoring of outcomes or behaviors, thus they are expected to be associated with higher levels of peer control.