Only five States specify proportional liability as the only allocation standard. Only ten States reported having recovered for such damages, while 11 States reported having claims pending. At least two States that do not have voluntary cleanup programs nevertheless allow private parties to initiate voluntary cleanups. In addition, Louisiana has passed legislation establishing a program framework, but has not yet begun accepting sites. Most States apply the same cleanup standards to voluntary cleanups as they apply to State lead or enforcement cleanups.
Most States encourage voluntary cleanups by offering some form of incentive to volunteers.
At least 40 States provide some form of release from liability for future cleanup, but these releases vary widely in form and substance. States continue to create programs to facilitate cleanup and redevelopment of brownfields sites, including at least twelve new programs since 1995. Half of the States now report having specific brownfields programs, about half of which are in conjunction with their voluntary cleanup programs and about half of which are separate programs. Several other States target brownfields through other means. More important in terms of the ultimate goal is that the States report having commitments for redevelopment at 236 brownfields sites.