Program monitoring determines the target population and the target population served by specific program. Intervention efforts are evaluated to determine if they are being implemented according to program design. These determinations are facilitated through quantitative analysis using experimental, quasi-experimental, event history or time series research designs. These research designs generally allow for control of which members of the study group are exposed to the program. Sampling issues are carefully considered because poor sampling impacts the generalizability of findings.
Formal efficiency is measured using formal econometric techniques.
Methods used for assessing efficiency are cost-benefit ratios, determination of externalities. Efficiency analyses can be performed prior to and after program implementation. Employee Climate Surveys Employee climate surveys and focus groups provide data regarding shared values, expectations and purposes. These data are analyzed to determine sources of discord in the organization and develop potential strategies to create a common culture. Improved communication between management and frontline staff is facilitated through Intranet technology, off-site meetings and regular stakeholders meetings.