When a person communicates to another, by words or actions, that the person accepts and approves of the conduct of the other. An agreement to adopt an act performed by another for us.
Ratifications are either empress or implied.
By ratifying a contract a man adopts the agency, altogether, as well what is detrimental as that which is for his benefit. As a general rule, the principal has the right to elect whether he will adopt the unauthorized act or not. But having once ratified the act, upon a full knowledge of all the material circumstances, the ratification cannot be revoked or recalled, and the principal becomes bound as if he had originally authorized the act. The ratification of a lawful contract has a retrospective effect, and binds the principal from its date, and not only from the time of the ratification, for the ratification is equivalent to an original authority, according to the maxim, that omnis ratihabitio mandate aeguiparatur. Such ratification will, in general, relieve the agent from all responsibility on the contract, when be would otherwise have been liable.