The physical concepts behind this technology have origins in English patent literature, but materials and processes to bring it about largely began in the United States. The team found that nearly all display companies in Japan had an interest in and maintained a research and development program on these materials. In displays, these materials offer improved brightness because they do not require polarizers and they are relatively simple to fabricate. They are principally interesting for use in projection television, but many companies foresee their use in direct-view displays. Both companies show materials that can be used on AM TFT substrates.
Recent materials using gel polymers contain approx.
Both aqueous and nonaqueous polymers have been used. For high resistivities, both the polymer and liquid crystal material must be of high purity. Hysteresis can be a problem. Nematic materials most desired are those with large delta e and delta n. Dainippon Ink reports the use of fluorinated materials to achieve high-purity nematic materials.