Include electrophoresis, flow sorting, imaging, in situ hybridization, PCR, scanning. Include ESTs, microsatellites, RFLPs, SNPs, STSs, tandem repeats. See also Genetic variations glossary. Most existing genetic maps are based on microsatellite markers. Two- dimensional separation and analysis of nucleotides.
Distance is measured in base pairs.
Physical maps are particularly important when searching for disease genes by positional cloning strategies and for DNA sequencing. It appeared in the Feb. 15 issue of the journal Nature. The public effort to sequence the genome has relied on a map- based approach. See Genetic variations glossary Polymorphic sequences that result in RFLPs are used as markers on both physical maps and genetic linkage maps . RFLPs are usually caused by mutation at a cutting site.