There are research institutes or laboratories in the higher institutes of learning and 3,409 research institutes with the approval of superior authority, including 416 key subjects and 152 state-level key laboratories and research centers.
Independent institutes are neither inferior to nor subordinate to universities in China.
To ensure the quality of students admitted for higher education, China has set up a strict entrance examination system. The students graduating with senior school diplomas can enter universities or institutes for higher education only after they pass the united entrance examinations held once a year in July. The first terms begins in early September, and the second, in middle February. No holidays are permitted for other occasions include traditional festivals and anniversary during the academic terms. China's Academic Degrees include Bachelor's, Master's, and Doctorate.