The loss in energy appears as an emitted photon with a characteristic frequency. The energy difference between electron levels are quantum amounts and the amount released will depend upon the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and the shell from which the electron was displaced. In geology labs, the most common target used is Copper . The result is the production of very intense monochromatic radiation. This is the radiation that we take advantage of when doing X-ray crystallography.
Part is transmitted through at the incident wavelength.
Fluorescent characteristic X-rays 5. The difference between the measured absorption and that predicted can be used as a measure of porosity. You need to know the porosity of the pellet. Here's one way to proceed.