Not as much of a problem in the upper Piedmont as in more northern states.
Mines are blisters in which orange maggots feed.
One generation is produced each season. Pupation occurs within the mines and the fly adult emerges, leaving pupal skins attached to holes in leaves. The fly lays her eggs through the upper epidermis of a new leaf and dies within about 24 hours. Infested plants are usually not killed but may have a sickly appearance.