Dominican cardinals try alleged heretics with no legal counsel. Henry VIII of England becomes king of Ireland. English begin keeping records of births, deaths, and marriages. Niccolo Tartaglia completes Nova Scientia describing trajectories of projectiles and heavenly bodies. Pope Paul III prohibits enslavement of Indians and excommunicates slave traders.
Parliament declares papal authority void in England.
Sir Thomas More beheaded for refusing to take the Oath of Supremacy. German mathematician Gemma Frisius introduces new method of surveying. Francisco Pizzaro orders the execution by strangulation of the last Inca. Gemma Frisius proposes the prime meridian. Catholic Church orders the abolition of all innovations to its doctrine at the Diet of Augsburg.