Stop of future exchange. Included non-punitive sanctions for breach in contracts. Loss of prospect for promotion. Monetary damage or specific performance. Broadly their surplus is the value they place on stability, safety, environment, freedom to speak, right to doing business and so on, less their tax payment.
Politicians risk votes for breach of promises.
From fines to death penalty. A matter of days. Potentially medium short-run efficient. A matter of months. Potentially long run efficient.