Mt. Usborne on East Falkland Island. The islands are composed of Paleozoic and Mesozoic sediments, with considerable folding. The oldest rocks are Pre-Cambrian, about 2.5 billion years old. Generally rugged and hilly. Several small rivers occur.
Peaty soils are widespread, with stony, gravel soils at high elevations.
The first recorded landing was in 1690, by Captain John Strong, who named the islands after Viscount Falkland, then Treasurer of the British navy. In 1892, hostilities occurred between the United Kingdom and Argentina over sovereignty of the islands. Sovereignty is claimed by both the United Kingdom and Argentina.