One aspect of this is that the more camber you have, the more you can load the outside front tire going into a corner the downside being that when the tire does let go, it does so with a great deal more stored up energy than Apex The Apex is the farthest point out in a corner. An Early Apex is when your car is still turning when it hits this point. A neutral apex is when you car is perpendicular to the high point of the corner, and a late apex is when your car has already made the turn when passing the high point of a corner. This can be reduced with stiffer shocks, and a larger front sway bar. A larger front sway bar can increase push, so if you stiffen the front bar, you have to compensate for the push in other ways.
Positive camber moves the top of the tire out away from the body of the car.
This generally affects the cornering ability of the car. Positive caster moves the wheel towards the front of the car. Negative caster moves the wheel towards the rear. This affects the suspension geometry and the handling of the car. If the cone remains upright, touching any part of the box, there is no penalty.