The Limnetic zone begins where growth of rooted plants ends, and extends vertically to the depth of maximum sunlight penetration. Most lakes in Nova Scotia are deep enough to have open-water habitats. Most ponds are shallow and support submerged vegetation throughout. Lakes in Nova Scotia tend to be of glacial origin, but can also be formed due to damming by landslides, flood debris, or construction projects. Ponds are greatly affected by local climatic and geological conditions and are quite different in various regions of the province.
Ponds can also form when a lake is infilled with organic debris or mineral sediment.