Because cryptosporidiosis is transmitted by the fecal-oral route, persons with the greatest potential to transmit the organism include infected persons who have diarrhea, persons who are incontinent of stool, persons with poor personal hygiene, and diapered children. The degree to which a previously infected person is immune to subsequent Cryptosporidium infection is unclear. There may be some resistance to reinfection, but it can likely be overwhelmed by a sufficiently large dose of the parasite, resulting in recurrence of illness. The infection is diagnosed by identifying the parasite during a microscopic examination of the stool. There is no specific treatment for cryptosporidiosis.
Fluid therapy is indicated if dehydration is a problem.
Anti-diarrheal drugs which reduce the motility of the intestines and may provide some temporary improvement. One can minimize the chances of acquiring and spreading the infection by thorough hand washing after using the toilet or changing diapers and before handling food. Because cattle are a common source of Cryptosporidium, avoid drinking raw milk and wash hands thoroughly after contact with cattle. Avoid drinking untreated and inadequately filtered surface water when camping or when traveling in developing countries. Comply with any water advisory issued by local and state authorities.