Immunoglobulin from infected patients is not effective in preventing outbreaks or sporadic cases. Prototype vaccines are being developed within animal models. To date, this is hindered by an inability to maintain the virus in cell cultures. Once infection occurs, therapy is limited to support. Provide patients with adequate hydration and electrolyte repletion.
Hospitalization is indicated only for patients unable to maintain oral intake.
The acute illness may result in anorexia, nausea, and vomiting, predisposing patients to dehydration. These symptoms tend to be worse in the afternoon or evening. Patients should attempt to ingest significant calories in the morning. As they improve, frequent, small meals may be better tolerated. Hospitalization should be considered for patients with dehydration.