They will be using many scientific instruments. For example, a 35mm camera is used for photographing the whales. They will be using dark room equipment for developing the photographs. A radio tag is a tool that helps scientists to follow whales. X.B.T. is an instrument to measure the temperature of water.
Echo sounder is an inst rument to measure the depth of the ocean.
A compass is an instrument to show direction. Also they will be using reference books. They observe whale behaviors. F or example, a whale blows when it is breathing. Breaching is when the whale jumps almost completely out of the water head first.