He infers that in relation to what we perceive as explicit in a formal system, there is also an aspect that is intrinsically implicit. Theologians like Pierre Teilhard de Chardin and Paul Tillich might consider this in terms of a Ground of Being. Nobel laureate Ilya Prigogine, one of the architects of chaos theory, is also of the same mind.
Nature is built by feedback among all levels.
This exercise in complementarity will use Hofstadter's model of the brain and its thinking processes, as a formal system, in which to meld all these theoretics. Additionally, this article will carry through even further, exploring a speculative future for higher brain systems. But first, there is a need for a descriptive presentation of Hofstadter's brain system model, before isomorphic mapping of theories can occur. To begin, Hofstadter uses the ant colony as an analogy of the human brain system. This colony analogy permits Hofstadter to illustrate not only the brain's hardware, but to carry through in describing the processes leading from hardwiring to ideas about subsystems, agents, and complexity.