Smoking raises blood pressure, which increases the risk for stroke in people who already have high blood pressure. Chemicals in cigarette and tobacco smoke lead to the formation of fatty plaque in the arteries, possibly by injuring the vessel walls. This increases the risk of a blood clot that can lead to heart a attack. Physically inactive people have a greater risk of heart attack than people who exercise regularly. Exercise burns calories, helps to control cholesterol levels and diabetes, and may lower blood pressure.
Exercise also strengthens the heart muscle.
Those who actively burn 500 to 3500 calories per week, either at work or through exercise, can expect to live longer than people who do not exercise. Even moderate-intensity exercise is helpful if done regularly. This risk factor cannot be changed or eliminated. Overall, men have a higher risk for heart attack than women. The difference narrows after women reach menopause, because research shows that the female hormone estrogen helps protect women from heart disease.