Less Important So Far Sanctions connote conflict with programs and rejection of recipients. Incidence in existing programs is generally low. So mothers leaving welfare can expand these other sources of income. Surveys found little hardship. Survey found more danger.
Noneconomic effects are unclear.
Hudson Institute survey in Milwaukee. The TANF time limits are still 4 years off. But due to diversion and sanctions, very few cases reached the limits. So diversion and sanctions matter more. Conclusions Work requirements have more power to drive caseloads down than we thought.