The point I'm trying to make is that genetics plays an important role in helping the breeder to strengthen the points that are desirable, the points that are needed for a dog to fulfill its purpose, and eliminating, or reducing, the incidences of weaknesses that are not wanted. By studying the science of genetics and reproduction, we are learning how to breed better animals, in some cases, saving animals from extinction, and sometimes, simply avoiding unwanted additions to our pet family. The scientific, professional breeder needs to understand how genetics will affect the breeding program they have in place. How choosing the sire and the dam can compliment, or how they can become a problem, to the breeding program. The basic unit of inheritance is the gene .
Every species have a specific number of chromosomes that complete the DNA package for that species.
For canines, the total number of chromosomes is 78. The genes encode, or blueprint, an animal's anatomy and physiology on proteins that are manufactured by the body. The complex processes of life are directed by an estimated 50,000 to 100,000 genes, each individual gene coded for different proteins. A cell reproduces by dividing and forming an exact duplicate of itself. That duplication extends to the chromosomes as well.