The case of the mediator in Angola recognising the roles of the United States and the Soviet Union and exploiting them creatively is instructive in this regard. Leverage can also be exercised by creating a system of guarantees, including military ones. The credibility of the mediator is vital to the success of peace negotiations. Mediators must appreciate the need for expressions of anger and a general catharsis. Under certain circumstances, they must make space for this.
Language is an important factor in mediation.
Parties should, as far as possible, be allowed to express themselves in the language with which they are most comfortable. It is important to note that different languages have different expressions for the same concepts. Sometimes an expression in one language may not have an equivalent in another language. A self-enforcing accord may be problematic, where parties do not have the necessary will or resources to implement the accord. Preventive action can best be enhanced by a process of empowerment of the people by creating institutions for peace and peace constituencies.