The clarifications of concepts or ideas is the conceptual-analysis aspect of philosophy. Philosophy tries to solve issues and problems. The issues and problems are general and theoretical. Philosophy is not primarily interested, e.g., in whether Johnny's behaviour last night is morally wrong or not, but in what it is about human actions that makes them morally wrong or not. The attempt to solve such issues and problems is the theoretical aspect of philosophy.
Philosophy is made up of many different sub-fields.
Logic and ethics are two that are well known. Philosophy does not proceed by unsupported or unreasoned pronouncements. Nor does it proceed by any special kind of observation or experimentation not shared by the natural sciences. It proceeds by reasoning and argument. It asks after foundations and hunts down ultimate assumptions.