Composers create original music such as symphonies, operas, sonatas, or popular songs or raps. They transcribe ideas into musical notation using harmony, rhythm, melody, and tonal structure. Many songwriters now compose and edit music using computers. Some even have a musical keyboard linked to a computer which compiles the digital information into musical notation while they play. Also, they may program the composition in musical notation into the computer, which can play back the piece.
Orchestra conductors lead orchestras and bands.
They audition and select musicians, choose the music to be performed, and direct rehearsals and performances. They apply conducting techniques to achieve desired musical effects. Choral directors conduct choirs and glee clubs. They audition and select singers and direct them at rehearsals and performances to achieve harmony, rhythm, tempo, shading, and other desired musical effects. All musicians spend a considerable amount of time practicing.