Epilepsy is a disorder characterized by recurrent and unprovoked seizures and temporary impairment of brain function. More than 2 million people, or one percent of the population, in the United States have epilepsy. It is estimated that approximately 70,000-129,000 new cases of epilepsy occur each year in the United States, which corresponds to approximately 30 to 53 cases per 100,000 people. About one-third of these new cases begin in childhood. Incidence is also high in the elderly.
Epilepsy tends to affect slightly more men than women, but it can strike anyone, at any age.
In most cases, epilepsy is not genetic. Partial seizures can evolve into generalized seizures. Many patients whose seizures are under control with current AEDs still suffer from the side effects of the medication. Non-compliance with AED therapy is the most common cause of breakthrough seizures in people with epilepsy. Sleep deprivation, alcohol withdrawal, and stress can also increase the risk of having epileptic seizures.