We describe a visual illusion where a moving target produces an illusionary trajectory. Previously it has been suggested that this illusion is related to eye movements, but the exact nature of the relation, as well as relevant stimulus conditions and eye movement type were unknown. In two experiments, we varied critical stimulus conditions, recorded eye movements and judgments of trajectories. In Experiment 2, an analogous result was found under conditions of sudden velocity changes. The results are explained by a critical timing between smooth pursuit and different phases of saccadic eye movements.
Results show that Masters differ from weak players in more ways than found in the original study.
Some of the differences support search models of chess thinking, and others pattern recognition models. The theoretical discussion suggests that the usual distinction between search and pattern recognition models of chess thinking is unwarranted, and proposes a way of reconciling the two approaches. In the first experiment, participants received either a perceptual test or a conceptual test of implicit memory. Furthermore, in the study phase level of processing was varied. With a superficial orienting task, a word superiority effect was found on the perceptual test and a picture superiority effect was observed on the conceptual test.