I need to know how to cope until I leave, and I want to be able to get a good reference. From the description of your current situation, it sounds as if you are working with some fairly jaded people. If the answer to most of the above questions is no, then your instinct that leaving is the only way out is probably correct. While it would be nice to get a good reference, these people don't really sound like the types on whom you could depend for much. It also sounds as if you're concerned about having been in the job for less than a year.
Many people do believe that crossing a one-year mark in a job is indicative of a serious employee.
But with 10 months done, you're close enough. Get out of the misery as soon as you can. Life is too short.