Childhood-onset schizophrenia occurs equally in boys and girls. Often, there is a strong family history of schizophrenia. The diagnosis of this disorder is difficult and controversial. Antipsychotic or neuroleptic medications are used to control the symptoms of the illness. This group of drugs includes the phenothiazines, thioxanthenes, butyrophenones, dihydroindolones, and dibenzoxazepines.
Drug treatment is continuous, as relapse of symptoms is common when medication is discontinued.
Psychotherapy may be helpful in certain situations. Family therapy is often helpful to assist relatives in coping with the affected individual. Behavioral techniques used in a therapeutic setting, or in the home can help a person learn behaviors that will lead to social acceptance. Most people with this disorder are improved with medication, however, many are not able to function in a productive capacity. Group homes or structured living environments are beneficial for many individuals.