Although regulations imposed in the 1980s restricted the use of TBT, large amounts continue to enter the environment, particularly in harbours, shipyards and marinas, where levels can be 10 to 100 times higher than in open coastal areas. Sexually mature at 5 years. First breeding may not occur until 8 years. Live 20-25 years. Mate for life.
Pairs hold territory and nest in one of two or more alternate nests in the territory each year.
Lay 1 to 3 eggs. Average 1 to 2 chicks fledged per successful nest. On the coast, eat primarily fish and birds such as ducks, gulls and other water birds. Scavenge carrion and salmon carcasses on rivers in fall.