Once ICP is correctly monitored efforts are made to reduce it. The neuro-ICU is specialized to treat brain neoplasms and their complications during the neurosurgical removal of the tumor. Measures are routinely taken in the operating room to ensure the best possible surgical outcome. Prevention of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism is accomplished by anticoagulation, pneumatic compression boots, and in some cases placement of a vena cava filter. Early mobilization out of bed is also critical to minimize the risk of clot formation in the legs, which occurs with prolonged immobilization.
Pulmonary embolism is a common cause of sudden death in perioperative brain tumor patients.
It is common for patients undergoing surgery for the removal of a brain tumor to develop a thrombus, or blood clot, somewhere in their deep venous circulation. It can then become lodged in the pulmonary artery carrying blood to be oxygenated by the lungs. This condition is known as a pulmonary embolism and is extremely dangerous. Seizures can greatly complicate the presence of brain tumors. Therefore, anticonvulsants such as phenytoin are routinely given to patients as prophylaxis both before and during surgery.