Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, Mcgregor's X-Y Theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. Mcgregor maintained that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people.
Many managers tend towards theory x, and generally get poor results.
Enlightened managers use theory y, which produces better performance and results, and allows people to grow and develop. Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organisational objectives. Effort in work is as natural as work and play. Commitment to objectives is a function of rewards associated with their achievement. People usually accept and often seek responsibility.