Anterior ventral glands are present in male cloacae. Posterior ventral glands are present in male cloacae. Kingsbury's glands are present in male cloacae. Dorsal pelvic glands are present in males. Lateral pelvic glands are present in males.
Glands secreting into the male cloacal orifice are present.
Parental care of eggs is by males or females. The family Proteidae is part of the caudate suborder Salamandroidea, which contains all of the internally-fertilizing salamanders. The grouping of the genera Necturus and Proteus into a single family has been controversial and should be considered tentative. The single recognized species of Proteus is sometimes listed as P. anguineus and alternatively as P. anguinus . The Proteidae is a tentative grouping of the genera Necturus and Proteus, whose status as sister taxa is still questionable.