The macula is the part of the retina that distinguishes fine details at the center of the field of vision. Destruction of the retinal nerve occurs when fluid leaks into the choroid and forms scar tissue.
Macular degeneration is common in the elderly and is considered a process of aging.
Other risk factors are family history, cigarette smoking , and being Caucasian. This disorder results in the loss of central vision only, and peripheral fields are always maintained. Therapy using laser surgery of the eye to coagulate abnormal blood vessels may be useful in the early stages of the disease. An Amsler grid, used at home to chart changes in vision , may be recommended. Problems with the vision can require a change in lifestyle or work.