The founder of the Pawpaw Foundation, Neal Peterson, believes that pawpaws could be the next big domesticated fruit success, similar to blueberries and kiwifruit. Pawpaws are widely adapted and can be grown from Zone 5 to Zone 8, east of the Plains, with at least 32 inches of precipitation per year. The pawpaw grows best in areas with hot summers and cold winters. It is hardy and relatively pest free, plus tolerance to shade makes the pawpaw suitable for intercropping with other trees. In addition, the pawpaw has genetic variability that can be used to improve the plant.
Fruit set in nature is restricted due to poor pollination.
The pawpaw generally requires cross pollination, which may be limited because the plant blooms in early spring before many insects are active. If the flower is properly pollinated, fruit set is good. Another factor which discourages commercialization is that, the pawpaw fruit deteriorates rapidly after ripening. Trees have to be at least 5 years old before fruiting. A major cooperative research effort among 14 U.S. universities began in the spring of 1994 and should contribute significantly to the commercial development of this crop.