Second, parents' sense of efficacy defines how effective parents believe they can be in influencing their child's educational outcomes. The goal of the study was two-fold. First, we tested the utility of these constructs in predicting parent involvement activities. Second, we tested the possibility that parents' role construction mediates the effects of both parents' sense of efficacy and perceptions of teacher invitations on involvement activities. Results provide empirical confirmation of the three Level 1 constructs in predicting parental involvement.
Role appears to be the mechanism through which efficacy influences parent involvement activities.
Although results suggest perceptions of teacher invitations partially influence parental involvement activities indirectly through role construction, they continues to have a direct effect as well. Results of this study are discussed in terms of their theoretical implications, and suggestions are made toward parent-school partnership initiatives. The Relation of Elementary School Principal School Management Styles to Parent Involvement. Elementary Children's Perspectives on Parental Involvement. These and other results are discussed in light of qualitative patterns of parent and child observations in the interview data set.