I always take biopsy specimens from representative areas, since dysplasia associated with visible lesions is difficult to detect by observation. Curettage to rule out involvement of the endocervix is important. The perianal area must also be inspected. Proctoscopy should be done if perianal lesions are found or if there is a history of anal intercourse. Examination of the patient's sex partner is always indicated.
Penile cancer is always a concern.
Urethral lesions have been reported and should be looked for whenever symptoms, such as dysuria or hematuria, are present. Proctoscopy may also be indicated. Treatment Various treatments have been used, but each has a significant failure rate and side effects. Since the virus targets the basal cell layer and can remain quiescent for long periods, cure is always uncertain, a fact that complicates therapeutic studies. Historically, the most common treatment was painting the warts with podophyllum resin.