The definitive resource for all LD debaters. Rawls explains that when forming society and government, they will choose the most just and equal system, where everyone has equal advantages, because they don't know if they will be the smartest or stupidest, most physically talented or most clumsy, or most successful or most unsuccessful. Somewhat unique to Rawls' theory of justice is that there is a large spectrum of factors that must be accounted for.
People are equal and deserve as much liberty as possible, but everyone gets the same amount.
Liberties cannot violate others' right to liberty. Everyone should have equal footing in the political arena. This is mainly to guard against an autocratic society. Examples are health, intelligence, physical talents, etc. Most people consider John Rawls' theories on justice to provide a social contract.