Naples is the capital of Campania, which is divided into Benevento, Caserta, Naples, and Salerno provs. The central coast of the region is mostly high and rocky, with volcanic ridges and the crater of Vesuvius . The northern and southern coastal areas are fertile plains, famous since ancient times for their agricultural output. The interior of Campania is mountainous. The area had significant out-migration in the late 19th and early 20th cent., particularly to the United States.
Overpopulation continues to be a problem, as the per capita income is far below the Italian average.
The region's farm products include grapes, citrus fruit, olives, apricots, grain, and vegetables. There is also a thriving tourist industry. In Roman times the term Campania referred mainly to Naples and its surrounding area. In the 11th cent. For the later history of Campania, see Naples, kingdom of and Two Sicilies, kingdom of the .