Many of the barriers are within the institutional culture that emphasizes research over teaching. Work with IT is not often recognized in the tenure and promotion process nor is it rewarded through other means. Lee and Johnson compare responses from a 1970 and 1990 survey of faculty resistance to instructional technology. For the most part, the literature focuses on faculty use of IT for teaching. Baldwin discusses the impact of technology on teaching, research, and service.
Plater also considers the changing nature of faculty work.
Most of the literature on current practice focuses on what a particular institution does and so it is not reported in this review. The authors advocate for using technology to help address many of the IT faculty development needs. Much effort has been put into faculty development efforts and most programs are characterized by a wide variety of offerings. Yet not all faculty participate. Martinez and Woods report on a needs assessment of IT support at their university.