Discovered in 1963, there are more than 600 of them. They were believed to be the sources of powerful radio waves. Then they were found with much greater red shifts. The largest red shift is from the quasar, OQ 172, and is 3.53. Today, red shifts are known as Doppler shifts.
Quasars are the most distant objects known, and yet they're the youngest.
Quasars emit clouds of matter that are ejected from them at perpendicular angles on both sides. The central disk of a quasar, is some sort of supermassive black hole which is found at the nucleus. A black hole is an object whereas it has been so extensively collapsed, that its escape velocity is more than the velocity of light. Black holes, technically haven't been found, but theorists believe that one is just an object such as a star that has collapsed. It only becomes a black hole when the radius is small enough that it doesn't allow light to escape.