Early education was instituted in the 1600's with the influence of Chinese principles. Modern schools were founded in the late 1890's. In the 1970's and 80's Japan's society changed greatly with smaller families, urbanization, and improved working conditions for women. Today the emphasis is headed towards academic achievement and competitiveness. There are private schools for persons with disabilities and public early intervention programs.
Oman is a sultanate.
There are western style schools that educated children. The kindergarten curriculum from Kuwait was adopted which stressed child centered practices and pre-academics and concepts. Most women and girls are not educated except in the capital city. There are a few private schools for persons with disabilities and public education programs for the mothers of the children. Oral traditions included songs, tales, warrior roles, ancestors, and legends.