But they may also have specific nutrient deficiencies such as iron deficiency anaemia or low plasma zinc levels. These deficiencies should be corrected as soon as possible with specific vitamin and mineral supplementation. Overall dietary intake must then be addressed. Taking normal foods and drinks on a 'little and often' basis can often successfully meet requirements. Those who find drinking easier may benefit from liquid snacks.
Liquids are less filling and easier for debilitated, weak or lethargic people to take.
Energy and protein dense foods and fluids hold the key to successfully meeting a patient's nutritional requirements. The state of malnutrition outweighs concerns about high cholesterol levels or blood pressure. An elderly person will have a daily requirement of about 1600kcal and roughly 55g of protein. Dietary counselling to encourage the consumption of energy and protein dense foods should be the initial intervention, and when possible used alongside the second line interventional use of supplements. Supplements should only rarely be advised as a sole treatment.