Prevention and early detection are possible because most colon cancers develop from adenomatous polyps. Polyps are precancerous growths in the colon and rectum. Removing them can lower a person's risk by preventing some colorectal cancers before they are fully formed. People can lower their risk of developing colorectal cancer by managing the risk factors that they can control, such as diet and physical activity. It is important to eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grain foods and to limit intake of high-fat foods.
Physical activity is another area that people can control.
Even small amounts of exercise on a regular basis can be helpful. The American Cancer Society recommends at least 30 minutes of physical activity on most days. Also, achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Some studies suggest that taking a daily multivitamin containing folic acid or folate can lower colorectal cancer risk. Other studies suggest that increasing calcium intake via supplements or low-fat dairy products may lower risk.