Both men and women were surveyed. State of the art techniques protected respondents' confidentiality and safety as well as minimized the chance of retraumatization. The survey used behaviorally specific questions, adapted from the 1992 National Women's Study survey, to minimize respondents' doubt about the type of information sought. The survey gathered detailed information about the characteristics and consequences of victimization for various classes of perpetrator, such as victim's first husband. Childhood victimization places victims at risk for later victimization.
More research is needed on minority violence experiences.
Differences seem to exist in minority women's risk of violence. Earlier studies found both that Native American couples were significantly more violent than white couples and overall homicide was 2 times the U. S. average. Little is known about differences between the diverse American Indian tribes and Alaska Native communities regarding experiences of violence. Because data about Asian American and Pacific Islander women were combined in this study, little is known about differences between these two diverse groups of women. Women experience more partner violence than men do.