Scale, distance, area, and shape are all distorted with the distortion increasing toward the poles. Conformal projections - used for navigation, topographic maps and other purposes requiring correct angular relationships. The relative sizes of objects are distorted in these projections. Distorts areas at an increasing rate towards poles. When we rotate the cylinder by 90 degrees in respect to the reference globe Mercator become transverse Mercator.
Rhumbs are no longer straight lines.
The secant case is used mainly for topographic maps and as a base for UTM coordinate system. Small areal distortions around standard parallels. Used mainly for mapping mid-latitude zones. Stereographic Azimuthal Appropriate for mapping compact areas. Angles are distorted but areas maintain their relative size upon projection.