Before registering the product the NRA is required to conduct a rigorous assessment of potential impacts of the pesticide on the environment, human health and trade, and of the likely effectiveness of the pesticide for its proposed uses. When a pesticide contains an active constituent not previously used in Australia, the NRA must seek public comment before registering the product. Only registered pesticides can be used in NSW, unless the NRA grants approval for use under permit. Registration includes approval of label directions for each pesticide product. Label directions specify how, and under which circumstances, the pesticide may be used to treat the relevant target pest or pests.
Labels also give directions on cleanup, storage and disposal, and personal and environmental safety.
After registration, the NRA regulates pesticides up to and at the point of retail sale. Once sold, pesticides are regulated by individual State legislation. The NRA's Existing Chemical Review Program reviews the registration of existing pesticides to determine whether changes are necessary to the registration or whether the registration should be withdrawn. The NRA invites the public to make submissions on existing pesticides, and these submissions are considered as part of the review. The NRA has published information sheets, NRA Facts, which set out its role and responsibilities.