A worldwide effort, for instance, has recently shown that, in both mice and humans, healthy development of bones requires two copies of the gene Cbaf1. This suggests, among other things, that drugs that mimic that proteins made by bone-forming genes might be used to stimulate new bone growth. Geneticists have also found that a genetic variant called APOE-4 may predispose older women to hip and wrist fractures. Researchers are also studying compounds called peptidomimetics that can block part of the action of osteoclasts, the cells that destroy bone. Another strategy is to use drugs that block substances called integrins, which help osteoclasts stick to bone cells and destroy them.
Exercise is key to preventing osteoporosis.
In childhood, high-impact exercise such as weight lifting and jumping, contributes to higher peak bone mass in late adolescence, which reduces the longterm risk of osteoporosis. For adults, weight-bearing exercise like walking 3 to 5 miles a week is key, as is exercise that improves balance. Studies show that balance-improving exercise can reduce falls by 25 percent. And, of course, one piece of advice never changes. None of the drugs for osteoporosis work unless a person has adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D. Up to age 50, this means 1,000 milligrams a day of calcium, and afterwards, 1,200.