They are the embryo of a multinational group setting out to design the best bottom-up energy systems model in the world. The last year of the old millennium saw the first year of the new 3-year annex to the implementing agreement of the Energy Technology Systems Analysis Programme. The report, Dealing with Uncertainty Together, provides brief summaries of some of the main studies performed from 1996 to 1998 and describes the methodological advances that were made. The subjects range from local energy planning to contributions made to international debate on greenhouse gas emission reduction. For moderate emission reductions, most changes would occur in materials production and waste handling.
More severe reductions require substitution of materials.
To comply with this limit while keeping its energy-intensive industry in place is an ambitious task. Annex VII is the Netherlands Energy Research Foundation, acting through ECN Policy Studies, Petten.