This model is a high-tech version of the Language Brokers model, where the work of translation and interpretation is carried out, more accurately and at lower cost, by machines. Claims and expectations consistently outweigh achievements, but field is riding on computing wave and may change rapidly. This model might be termed a low-tech version of Technologism, language rather than machines being the object of engineering. Small but fervent base of support. This model resembles Esperantism in expecting most people to be bilingual, in their native language and English.
More effort is required of individuals than in E except for native English speakers.
Supported by the global economic and cultural dominance of the United States, and compatible with the enormous ESL industry. This model is espoused by the European Union, though it may only be window dressing for World English. Relies heavily on formal education. Supported by France, in particular, and teachers of languages other than English. These may not be the only models currently in the market, nor should they be taken to exclude one another.