While tension and stress can increase tic expression, concentration on an absorbing task may actually decrease the expression of tics. The majority of people with TS do not require medication. When tics or behavioral symptoms interfere with functioning then medications may be prescribed. Genetic studies indicate that TS is an inherited, dominant gene causing varying symptoms in different family members. Genetic studies have also revealed a higher than normal incidence of milder tic disorders and obsessive compulsive behaviors in families that have a TS diagnosis.
Obsessions consist of repetitive, unwanted or bothersome thoughts.
Compulsions are the acting out of the obsessive thoughts. Difficulties with impulse control and sleep disorders are also fairly common. In some cases overly aggressive behaviors become a concern. Although psychological problems do not cause TS, psychotherapy may help the person better to cope with the disorder and deal with secondary social and emotional problems. Although individuals with TS have the same IQ range as the general population, many have some kind of learning problem, especially in the visual and auditory processing areas.