A careful evaluation of the balance function should be performed. Tests of higher mental function are important since falling may be a sign of serious mental deterioration. If the patient needs medication for anxiety or depression, switching from a long-acting drug to one which is more quickly passed from the body seems to decrease the risk of falling. All correctable problems should be treated. Visual correction with proper eyeglasses, improvement of hearing by hearing aids, adjustment or elimination of medications, and correction of hypertension or any other disease which could impair balance must be accomplished.
Rehabilitation includes increasing the range of motion as well as physical strength.
A very important part of rehabilitation is helping patients overcome their fear of falling and thus avoid further injury. Walkers and canes can aid stability, and adaptations in the home are important. Simple changes such as installing hand holds in bathrooms or along walls could decrease the likelihood of falling and increase patient confidence. Removing the patient from a familiar environment, or drastically changing it, often hampers recovery As soon as possible, rehabilitation should be moved to an outpatient setting with participation of family members and home support groups. Rapid return to physical activity and social interaction with family and community can often stop the vicious spiral into inactivity, reclusiveness, and progressive deterioration.