District courts have broad discretion to appoint amicus curiae.
Applying these four criteria, it is clear that appointing the Trust amicus curiae in the present case in not appropriate. For instance, in Waste Management , the EPA was granted amicus status because it issued the administrative order that was at issue in the case, see 162 F.R.D. at 35, and in Yip , which was a defamation action based on statements made before the United States House of Representatives, amicus status was granted to a leadership group of House members concerned with the historically privileged nature of congressional testimony, see 606 F.Supp at 1567. By contrast, the Trust is merely a trade association with a generalized interest in all cases related to school district liability and insurance. This is not the kind of special interest that warrants amicus status. Petitioner fails the second prong as well, as the interests of school board insurers are more than adequately represented by the school district and its able counsel, Joseph T. Bodell, Esq., who apparently is appointed and compensated by the school district's insurer.