Commonly found in moist soils fertile soils. Can tolerate a wide range of conditions and can be found growing on calcareous and acidic soils. Also can withstand flooding of up to 30-45 cm. Reproduction Perennial, reproduces by seeds and rhizomes. Flowers June to September.
New shoots arise from buds at the tops of rootstocks in spring.
Can spread vegetatively from cut stems and pieces of rootstocks. However, vegetative spread is generally limited. Each capsule contains approximately 120 seeds and an average plant may contain approximately 900 capsules. Seeds may also be dispersed by wind, livestock, and other animals. Humans can inadvertently carry seeds on clothing and shoes.