Rites of initiation tend to be marked by exceptionally rigorous activity. This frequently includes a variety of forms of torture. Such rites are particularly rigorous in groups where survival depends substantially on group effort. Rites of intensification reinforce group identity as well as promoting the values and norms of the group. They also may occur at times of group crisis.
Modern societies find a great many uses for rites of intensification.
Not only can they be used to establish religious identity but they are also frequently key to political and ethnic identities. They are also used by businesses and universities. All material Richard L. Warms, 1997. Last updated September 22, 1997.