Planning is the development of a vision of the future that guides real-time decision making.
Aligning business goals and systems plans - because strategic business goals are often secretive, data is not shared among management offices. Rapidly changing technologies - continuous planning is needed. Evaluation of emerging technologies must be an ongoing planning component. Projects versus portfolios - the investment strategy for projects must be done in a larger context, that of the portfolio. Infrastructure development - funding to develop infrastructure is difficult to acquire because of the difficulty in mapping infrastructure expenditures to specific business goals.