Additional requirements for justices in the courts of the Russian Federation may be imposed by federal law. Justices are independent and are subordinate only to the Constitution of the Russian Federation and to federal law. The court, having determined in the course or examining a case that an enactment of a state organ or other organ is not in accordance with the law, adopts a ruling in accordance with the law. Justices may not be removed. A justice's powers may not be terminated or suspended except in accordance with the procedure and on the grounds laid down by federal law.
Justices enjoy immunity.
A justice may not be subjected to criminal proceedings except in accordance with the procedure defined by federal law. The examination of cases in all courts is open. Hearing a case in closed session is permitted in circumstances stipulated in federal law. The in absentia examination of criminal cases in the courts is not permitted, except in circumstances stipulated in federal law. In circumstances stipulated in federal law, court proceedings take place with the participation with federal law.