First, there is need for a prospective, community-based study, including subjects of all ages, to assess the usefulness of hematuria screening. One group should test urine for hematuria over a week at regular intervals, another should receive no testing beyond that performed routinely by their family physician. Once hematuria has been found, the cause should be identified and treated if possible. Patients should be followed to note any subsequent problems. Patients need to be followed for a long period to ensure that they do not develop any pathology heralded by the hematuria but missed on initial diagnostic tests.
More research is needed into alternate chemotherapeutic agents.
Those currently used do not appear to improve long-term survival. The role of BCG instillation has to be examined in more detail. Evidence is needed to support or refute the supposition that BCG will improve overall survival. This is a review of the incidence, associated risk factors, screening, and treatment of superficial bladder cancer. The background information, obtained from textbooks of urology, helped form an outline of pertinent issues.