The compound appeared well tolerated and associated with less emesis and nausea in the acute period. It was also effective in the delayed emesis period. Hokfelt described two types of defence mechanisms involving galanin in pain. Galanin is also found in tumour cells. Members of the family of CGRP peptides include amylin and adrenomedullin.
RAMPs have the ability to regulate the receptor activity in a dynamic manner.
RAMPs may have roles in receptor trafficking, binding and G-protein coupling. The status of the ligands which act via the nociceptin ORL1 receptor was discussed in a dedicated symposium. Nociception is structurally related to dynorphin, but there are few links with respect to receptors. Rizzi described some limitations of published antagonists Whendt described that buprenorphine, best known as an opioid receptor agonist, is an agonist at the ORL1 receptor. In keeping with these results, in her models nocistatin, a proposed antagonist, is excitatory.