The following selection of papers illustrate the fact that pollen from GM crops will spread far beyond the proposed separation distances. If commercial production takes place this will inevitably lead to an increase in plot size and number. The dynamics of insect foraging behaviour are vital in gaining an understanding of pollen dispersal and ultimately cross- pollination.
Recent studies show that insects can follow complex foraging patterns at great distances.
Ramsey et al. Honey bees were found to leave the hive with OSR pollen from different sources indicating that either the individual bees forage on different OSR crops or simply pick up loose pollen in the hive. In either case this would lead to the possibility of cross pollination between crops and the authors conclude that With most honeybee colonies foraging up to 2km from the hive, some pollen transfer and fertilization up to 4km must be expected. Individual Bumble bees have been tracked using harmonic radar. This was observed even when apparently plentiful food was available from an OSR crop adjacent to the bees nest.