This is in the opposite direction to flow that occurs before birth. The reason is that, soon after birth, the pressure in the aorta becomes very high. The child has fast shallow breathing, excessive sweating, inability to feed well, irritability, constant crying, and a failure to grow normally. Early repair may be needed in these cases. The changes I have mentioned earlier become worse.
Heart failure sets in.
The child does not grow and develop normally. When a PDA is the only heart defect, it needs to be closed. In duct dependent circulation, it is closed at the time of repair of the other heart defects. In very small children with severe symptoms of heart failure, closure of the PDA is necessary immediately . It may be truly life-saving in such a situation.