Gabriel Tarde, George Simmel, and others later provided key insights which challenged dualistic splits of individuals from the social groups they communicate with in everyday life. They told us about communication networks and how groups of people demonstrate the systems principle of nonsummativity. Charles Cooley and George Herbert Mead added symbolic interactionism to the intellectual direction of recognizing how important human communication is to individual-level phenomena. Claude Shannon formulated a mathematical model of electronic signal transmission which explains how signals move from point a to point b with high fidelity. The great cybernetician Norbert Wiener, invented not only the modern inquiry and science known as cybernetics, but also the crucial cybernetic concept, feedback.
Feedback is self-generated information which is either deviation amplifying or deviation reducing.
Rogers' model stresses communication as a process involving at least two communicators at any given moment. The Rogers model also emphasizes communication networks and systems. A key principle to the model is that communicators are interdependent in what they do and think. Meanings are central and most important in the cycles of message exchange which lead to some degree of convergence in understanding. Of course, we need to admit that divergence may occur more than convergence in cases of poor social interaction.