He postulated that the atom was comprised of a small sphere of positive charge, called the nucleus, and orbiting the nucleus were the negatively charged electrons. A Danish physicist, Niels Bohr, thought that the Rutherford model had promise, but Bohr felt that the new quantum theory could explain the discrepancies between predicted and actual results. By allowing electrons only certain energy values while orbiting the nucleus, Bohr could explain atomic line spectra and accurately predict the frequencies of the line spectra of hydrogen. Though it has since proven inaccurate for atoms other than hydrogen, Bohr's theory is still used today to simplify beginning courses on the atom. It turns out that no, the nucleus is made of structures known as protons and neutrons.
Protons have the same charge as electrons, only positive.
Neutrons, as their name would suggest, are neutral particles. James Chadwick found that bombarding beryllium with alpha particles created a new type of radiation that, when directed toward paraffin, dislodged protons and also gave heavier atoms energy, though not nearly as much as they gave the protons of hydrogen. The protons dislodged left the paraffin wax with great velocities. At first, scientists postulated that the radiation was electromagnetic, but the high kinetic energy suggested that if the source were electromagnetic, the energy given off from the beryllium nucleus would have to be ten times that of the kinetic energy of the incident alpha particles. Either the law of conservation of energy was being violated, or the radiation was some new particle.