The mollic epipedon ranges from 7 to 15 inches thick. The soil is typically noncalcareous throughout, but some pedons are calcareous immediately above the bedrock. About 25 to 60 percent of the surface is covered with angular pebbles, cobbles, or stones. The mean annual soil temperature is 39 to 45 degrees F., and the mean summer temperature is 54 to 49 degrees F. Stoniness class ranges from 0 to 3. Rockiness class ranges from 0 through 2.
Reaction is neutral through moderately alkaline.
Matrix texture is loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam with 18 to 35 percent clay. Reaction is neutral through moderately alkaline. Matrix texture is loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam. These are the Bushwalley, Genoa , and Nielsen series. Bushwalley soils formed in material weathered from tuff and ash.