Grinding reduces the particle size of the feedstuffs and speeds the rate of passage through the rumen-reticulum. These researchers also noted no difference in net energy values with equalized feed intake, an increase in dry-matter intake, and an increase in palatability and acceptability of ground, pelleted feedstuffs. The producer should check locally with the various extension offices to learn which forages are best adapted for the particular area. They also state that CP levels required for free-ranging elk maintenance is about 5.7 percent. All are quantitative rankings of the energy values of a feedstuff or diet.
Energy is derived from the digestion of several compounds, including carbohydrates and fat.
Excess dietary protein can also be used as an energy source, but it is a costly practice to the animal. Next to water, energy is the most essential nutrient and is required in the largest quantity in the diet. Body-condition scoring is possibly the best means to measure the state of conditioning the manager wants his animal to reach at various times in the production cycle. Certainly, it is acceptable for the animals to lose and gain condition at several periods of production. But the timing is important.