The Rio's primary range is western Texas, western Oklahoma, Colorado, and western Kansas. Successful stockings have established the bird in arid sections of the far West, including California, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. The gobbler has a white-edged fan and rump feathers. The Merriam's is found primarily in the West and often lives at high elevations. The gobbler's fan is edged in chocolate brown.
Eastern turkeys range from north Florida to Maine, and west to Kansas.
The Osceola gobbler has a brown-tipped fan similar to the Eastern's. Overall, the Osceola is longer-legged and slimmer than the Eastern wild turkey. Pure Osceolas are found mainly in south Florida, below an east-west line running through Orlando. Turkeys often interbreed and produce hybrids. Washington, Oregon, and California are home to Easterns, Merriams, and Rio Grande turkeys, as well as a variety of hybrid mixes.