Its key elements are exploitation of one individual by another and the seeking out of someone who is not physically, developmentally, or psychosocially one's peer for the purpose of obtaining this sexual gratification. The offender thus uses superior age, physical strength, intelligence, sophistication, or other tactical advantages to exploit other individuals and use them sexually in a way to which they would not otherwise consent. Psychological factors within the family may make the child more vulnerable to abuse. Covert behaviors have sexual interpretation or connotation. Overt behaviors are blatantly sexual and more obviously intentional and purposeful.
Minimization occurs with all behaviors, and fears of opening up about the behaviors are common.
Statistics have shown that up to one-half of all incest offenders have also molested outside the home. Non-incest offenders abuse more victims than incest offenders, but incest offenders commit more acts per victim. While sexual abuse is about sexual gratification, it is especially about offenders' need for power, control, and dominance. Also, the traits of manipulation and passive may be present. Offenders tend to be sexually and emotionally immature.