Chalking, leaching, flaking, weathering, scraping and sandblasting can cause deposits in the soil near the base of these houses, creating a 'halo' of contamination. Although less widespread, airborne lead from industrial sources also may have contaminated nearby soils. Children may be exposed to lead from direct contact with contaminated soil, airborne soil particles or soil dust on shoes, clothing or pets. Children 2 to 3 years of age are at particularly high risk because they often mouth dirty items such as toys, pacifiers, fingers and hands. Low-level, chronic exposure of young children to lead can cause developmental and behavioral problems, such as reduced IQ and attention span, hyperactivity, impaired growth, learning disabilities, hearing loss and insomnia.
Lead enters the body when it's eaten or breathed.
People also may be exposed to lead by eating produce grown in or near contaminated soil. Contaminated dust also may settle on edible leaves and fruits. If you have concerns, Stehouwer suggests getting soils tested, particularly around older houses or roadways. Several labs in Pennsylvania, including Penn State's Agricultural Analytical Services Laboratory, conduct these tests. But remember that other possible sources of exposure exist, such as home interiors or school or daycare playgrounds.