The gums, bone and other structures that support the teeth become damaged. Teeth can become loose and fall out - or may have to be removed. At this stage, the disease may require more complex treatment to prevent tooth loss. Gingivitis develops as toxins in plaque irritate the gums, making them red, tender, swollen and likely to bleed easily. Periodontitis occurs when toxins destroy the tissues that anchor the teeth in the bone.
Gums become detached from the teeth, forming pockets that fill with more plaque.
Tooth roots are exposed to plaque and become susceptible to decay and sensitive to cold and touch. Advanced periodontitis is present when the teeth lose more attachment because the supporting bone is destroyed. Unless treated, the affected teeth frequently becomes loose, may fall out or require removal by a dentist. Although periodontal diseases are caused by plaque, a number of other factors can increase the risk, severity and speed of development of the condition. People who smoke or chew tobacco are more likely to have periodontal diseases.