Patients are treated in an ethical manner not only by respecting their decisions and protecting them from harm, but also by making efforts to secure their well being. Such treatment falls under the principle of beneficence. The obligations of beneficence affect both individual investigators and society at large, because they extend both to particular research projects and to the entire research enterprise. The principle of beneficence often presents difficult ethical problems. An injustice occurs when some benefit to which a person is entitled is denied without good reason or when some burden is unduly imposed.
Equals ought to be treated equally.
Whenever research supported by public finds leads to the development of therapeutic advances, justice demands both that these not provide advantages only to those who can afford them and that such research should not unduly involve persons from groups unlikely to be among the beneficiaries of subsequent applications of the research. Applications of the Principles of the Belmont Report. Application of the principles of the Belmont Report to the conduct of research leads to the requirement for informed consent. TJU's IRBs are appropriately constituted groups of individuals with medical, legal, scientific, behavioral and bioethics expertise. They are formally designated by the University to review, approve and monitor biomedical research involving human subjects.