The variable results in CD4 cell counts are ascribed to marrow suppression by hydroxyurea. Many investigators use HU for intensification, primarily in regimens containing ddI. Most studies demonstrate a modest antiviral effect, with no risk of resistance. Major uses of HU include primary HIV infection, intensification, salvage regimens and clinical settings in which high CNS levels are necessary. Conclusions about efficacy are limited by the lack of well controlled trials. Half is degraded by the liver and excreted as respiratory CO 2 and in the urine as urea.
Leukopenia is most common and usually occurs first.
Recovery from marrow depression is usually rapid with discontinuation of treatment. A CBC should be monitored during therapy at regular intervals. Other side effects include GI intolerance, which may be severe, including stomatitis, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, altered taste, diarrhea and constipation. The Johns Hopkins University on behalf of its Division of Infectious Diseases and AIDS Service. All rights reserved.