All you need is the balanced equation. To summarize, if we need to find the concentration of an unknown acid, titrate a known volume of the unknown acid with a known concentration of base. We measure the volume of base required to get to the endpoint. We know when we are at the endpoint by using an indicator or a pH meter. Generally, titration curves are more accurate in determining the endpoint, but require the use of a pH meter and generating a graph.
Modern labs use computers and robot arms to generate titration curves.