Organelles are structures inside the cell that have a specific function. They include the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, nucleus, and ribosomes. Proteins are substances made up of amino acids. A cell's structures are built chiefly of proteins. Proteins called enzymes speed up chemical reactions in a cell.
Ribosomes are tiny bodies in a cell that are involved in protein production.
It carries out DNA's instructions for making specific proteins. Somatic cells are all the cells in a multicellular organism except the sex cells. Somatic cells contain two of each type of chromosome. Mature sex cells contain only one of each type of chromosome.