Graphite shafts are lighter and more flexible, which facilitates better contact. They work best for beginners, players with high handicaps, arthritis and other physical ailments because they absorb more shock. They are somewhat less accurate than steel shafts, but it's hardly noticeable by the amateur. Most players use steel-shafted irons because their heavier, stiffer properties allow for increased direction and distance control. Titanium and other advanced alloys combine the best properties of steel and graphite.
Most players now use alloy-shafted woods.
The proper grip size facilitates straight ball flight. The ring finger should touch the palm when gripping the club. If it digs into your palm, the grip is too small. If the ring finger doesn't touch the palm, the grip is too big. Perimeter weighting disperses weight evenly in the head.