Then, the loan characters appeared. The great majority of the loan characters changed into phonetics later. With the elucidating significs, they formed new characters. Here is set forth once and for all the authentic form of the Chinese characters. It is recognized as the authority by all chinese philologists.
Normalization means involving no major structural alteration.
Barnard analyzed the archaic characters into four general groups for the purpose of investigation. Only slight technical change was evidenced through the transition period of Qin to Han. Circles, crescents, curves, etc., so characteristic of the Zhou and Zhanguo writings, have lost their graceful sinuosity. Many such characters of antiquity are easily recognized. And, in their context too, their meanings are practically identical.