Discuss the significance of absent liver mirror image artifact above the diaphragm. Readings State common errors in scanning for hemoperitoneum including artifacts. Discuss the clinical scenarios in which it can optimize patient care in the ED setting. State the various sonographic characteristics of the gallbladder that make it favorable for evaluation by ultrasound. Discuss the significance of sonographic Murphy's sign, sludge, acoustic shadows, and gallbladder size and wall thickness in evaluating a patient for gallbladder disease.
Readings Demonstrate the ability to diagnose cholelithiasis and cholecystitis.
Readings State common errors in gallbladder scanning. Readings Discuss common errors in scanning the kidney. Discuss the reliability of the physical exam and the advantages of immediately available emergency department ultrasound in the evaluation of pelvic pain in reproductive age women. HCG values at five, six and seven weeks since the start of the last normal menses.