Our studies deal with the experimental determination of the accuracy of measuring radiation by such plates and readers. A simple method of using a calibrated radioactive source that emit only single energy photons is used. Statistical evaluation of the measurements showed that the standard deviation of the response was 1.5-2 times greater than the standard deviation expected from the number of absorbed photons over the five decades of linear response of the plates and readers. Further studies with sources with energies from vacuum UV to MeV photons are being conducted to check the response to energy, the accuracy and the homogeneity of the plates. Electron Emission Induced by Ion Bombardment.
Materials hit by ions emit secondary electrons.
Such electrons can harm the performance of accelerating structures, but can also be used as a signal to detect the ions. Our studies are directed the application aspects of ion induced secondary electron emission e.g. the effect of oxide layers, formed in many metals upon exposure to the atmosphere. We showed that in titanium even a thin oxide layer causes a marked increase in the secondary emission in both proton and argon bombardments. Very large secondary emission from boron doped diamond surfaces of over 20 electrons per ion can be used in devices designed to detect particles. Heavy ion bombardment of the diamond caused the secondary emission to drop from 50 to about 5 when the dose was increased by gradually turning the diamond into graphite.