The presence of nodes and internodes means that the bulb is actually a modified stem. Bulbs reproduce themselves asexually by forming offsets from axillary buds. Offsets can be separated from the mother bulb and grown on until they are large enough to flower. The outer fleshy leaf dries to form a papery tunic which helps protect the bulb from dehydration. The flower has already formed within the bulb, but will not grow upward until it has a winter period to break its dormancy and initiate stem elongation.
Roots appear soon after planting the bulb.
Daffodils form offsets readily. They are propagated by separating and replanting. Daffodils live a long time. They will grow and multiply in the same site for decades. In fact, it is not uncommon to be able to identify old, abandoned house sites by the drifts of daffodils that live there after all traces of buildings are gone.