In the years when Diplomesodon is most numerous in the Volga-Ural area, its numbers are not fewer than one or two individuals per hectare of hilly tract, with the greatest population in the spring. The diet consists mostly of lizards and insects. Lizards are killed by biting the head, and the parts not touched are usually the feet and tail. The bones of the skull and skeleton are consumed. Generally only the tough chitin of insects is left untouched.
Females probably give birth more than once in a season.
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