Other sports, such as ice hockey, football and rugby, permit physical intimidation of opponents through aggressive physical contact that can and does cause pain and injury. In the context of sport, determining the moral status of behaviour that results in a harmful outcome will need to take into consideration whether the behaviour was within or outside the rules. So even if an act is violent and outside of the rules it may be an accepted or expected part of the game. The degree to which violence outside of the rules is acceptable can be culturally or gender based, or linked to the history of a sport. Discussion of violence in sport will need to include actions taken by fans, spectators and relatives of those directly involved in the sport.
Most sports carry some risk of harm because they require physical exertion.
In contact sports, the harm may be caused by the legitimate and permissible actions of an opponent. Generally, acts which are within the rules of the game are considered morally acceptable based on the implicit consent of participants, even when such acts cause harm. Moreover, the principle of informed consent applies most clearly to competent adults, and less clearly to minors and the incompetent. Our laws do not permit minors to give a valid consent to all sorts of behaviours. For example, fighting in hockey is an accepted part of the game for many players and in many leagues.