For example, a male with cirrhosis of the liver is unable to break estrogen down and, therefore, it builds up in the bloodstream. The cremaster muscle can move the scrotum closer to or further away from the abdomen to help maintain optimal body temperature. The incidence of testicular cancer is 35 times higher in males with cryptoid testis. The administration of exogenous estrogen to the mother during pregnancy has also been associated with an increased risk . Because testicular cancer is treatable if caught in the early stages, the American Cancer society recommends that all young adult males perform a testicular self exam at least once a month.
Prostatic cancer is the most common male cancer in the United States.
Diagnosis of prostate cancer is confirmed by biopsy. It increases in concentration with advancing prostate cancer. PSA testing is of controversial value in large screening programs. Nonetheless, it has been recommended by the American Cancer Society for use in conjunction with a digital rectal exam in screening for all men over 50 years of age. The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children.