In the part on stress responses and ice dance performance the relation between the achievement motive and ice dance performance has been dealt with. A special chapter was devoted to the motives of recreational ice dancers. In this sense we are concerned with the planning agent. This can involve the learning of a new jump, a new step sequence, or the creation of a new dance, i.e., the choreography of a new skating routine. These issues were discussed extensively.
Emotion is concerned with the how-question.
Emotion can therefore be referred to or described as the coloring agent. Losing control always has a debilitating effect on performance. In the model it is postulated that highly intense emotions, it does not matter whether they are negative or positive, will hamper performance, as both overexcitement and high anxiety are likely to interfere with attentional processes. The negative effect of intense, positive emotions has been greatly overlooked in current sport psychological literature. The main interest lies in precompetetive anxiety, a phenomenon which is called stage-fright by people working in the performing arts.