May. Most young are born from May to June. The gestation period of the female is for 36-40 days. Females have one litter a year with 1-5 young per litter. There may be two litters in a year depending on the cone crop and the date of birth of the female. The young may remain with the female until December.
Predators are martins, bobcats, weasels, foxes, coyotes, goshawks, and great horned owls.
A little over one third of their potential range is at extreme fire risk.