Problems with the elderly are related to the slower healing process and whether temporary restriction of movement may cause other problems. For example, an ankle sprain may restrict walking with resultant long-term consequences. The terms 'ice' and 'compression' refer to the use of a compress which should cool and restrict blood flow to the area. After the initial treatment, compression may be provided by an elasticised bandage. An elasticised stockinet may not provide sufficient support and even a crepe bandage is not as good as some commercially available alternatives.
Elevation refers to raising the damaged area as high as is possible to reduce hydrostatic pressure.
Massage and heat have a part to play in some soft tissue injuries. Heat stimulates the A fibres as described above. It also helps restore the elastic properties of collagen which gets stretched in sprains and strains. However, if applied during the early stages of the condition, it increases blood supply and hence may increase release of adverse chemical mediators. Massage acts as a counterirritant.