They are on rounded hills, side slopes or ridge tops and formed in residuum weathered from sandstone, siltstone and interbedded shale in the Appalachian Ridge and Valley area.
Permeability is moderate.
Slopes range from 2 to 65 percent. Solum thickness and depth to bedrock ranges from 40 to 60 inches. Rock fragments of sandstone range from 5 to 35 percent. Individual subhorizons in the lower B horizon and the C horizon ranges up to 80 percent. The soil is very strongly acid or strongly acid unless limed.