Tajikistan has many IPR laws in place, but lacks the means to enforce them. Incidences of piracy of U.S. goods are small, however. Turkmenistan adopted an IPR law in 1992, and a copyright law was enacted in October 1993. Turkmenistan officials have reported that the Government intends to sign on to international intellectual property rights agreements. With the help of appropriate international bodies and comment from U.S. officials, Ukraine implemented a set of intellectual property laws in 1994.
Enforcement remains sporadic and inadequate, however.
Ukraine has also adopted international conventions such as the Paris Convention and is expected taccede to the Berne Convention in the first half of 1995. Once the new legislation is passed, it is expected that Uzbekistan will accede to the Berne and Geneva Phonograms conventions. Piracy of Western copyrighted materials remains common on a small scale.