LinkExchange Member Solutions I. Solution Composition A. Molarity is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. Mass percent is the percent by mass of the solute in the solution. Mole fraction is the ratio of the number of moles of a given component to the total number of moles of solution.
Molality is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
B. Normality is defined as the number of equivalents in a soluition. For an acid-base reaction the equivalent is the mass of acid or base that can furnish or accept exactly 1 mole of protons. For oxidation-reduction reactions, the equivalent is defined as the quantity of oxidizing or reducing agent that can accept or furnish 1 mole of electrons. Energies of Solution Formation A. Enthalpy of Solution is the sum of the DH values for the steps in the formation of a solution. The enthalpy of hydration combines the terms DH2 and DH3.