Bradycardia often follows apnea or periods of very shallow breathing. Sometimes it is due to a reflex, especially with the placing of a feeding tube or when the baby is trying to have a stool. No, apnea of prematurity is by far the most common cause of apnea in a premature infant. However, apnea can be caused or increased by many problems including infection, low blood sugar, patent ductus arteriosus, seizures, high or low body temperature, brain injury or insufficient oxygen. Premature babies have immature respiratory centers in the brain.
Preemies normally have bursts of big breaths followed by periods of shallow breathing or pauses.
Apnea is most common when the baby is sleeping. The time course is variable. Several treatments are possible. Medications that stimulate breathing. Commonly used drugs include theophylline, aminophylline, or caffeine.