This process, primary succession, produces a climax community. Climax communities are stable, self-perpetuating arrays of species, in balance with one another and the environment. Different stages of succession may exist in the same habitat. All substances occurring in organisms, including water, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, and others, are ultimately derived from the weathering of rocks and cycle through the ecosystem. These controlled cycles are called biogeochemical cycles b.
Primary producers are the beginning of the food chain.
They live on the refuse of the ecosystem. This site created by Dr. Sandra Landuyt of Penn Valley Community College as part of a Title III educational grant. It was later modified by Terry Davin as part of a modification of the general biology course at Penn Valley.