The till is derived primarily from shale and siltstone, with minor amounts of limestone and crystalline erratics. Slope is primarily 0 to 6 percent, but ranges to 15 percent. Somewhat poorly drained. A seasonal high water table is perched from .5 to 1 foot below the surface from November to June in most years. The potential for surface runoff is low to very high.
Permeability is slow or very slow.
A large proportion is under cultivation. Corn, soybeans, oats, wheat, meadow, and pasture are the principal crops. A sizeable acreage is still wooded with oaks, sugar maple, tulip poplar, ash, and beech the main species. MLRA's 100 and 139. The soil is of large extent, more than 450,000 acres.