The fungus is slow acting. In lab trials it took 4 days to kill Colorado potato beetle larvae with the oil formulation and over 5 days with the water formulation. Summary of the performance of spinosad against pests of turf and ornamentals - M. Tolley, DowElanco, Indianapolis, IN This new natural insecticide showed both ingestion and contact activity against some key turf and ornamental pests. It provided good control of sod webworm , black cutworm , fall armyworm , and billbugs in turf, but not chinch bugs , white grubs, and some others. In ornamentals, it was good against elm and willow leaf beetles , thrips, sawflies , gall midges, leafminers, caterpillars , and some spider mites , but not Japanese beetle adults or late instar beet armyworms.
Larval parasites are most common, but eggs, pupae, and adults are targets, too.
Efficacy of transgenic corn against the corn earworm - R. Bowling, Kansas State Univ. Developmental time is extended because of reduced feeding, and may allow more predation or cannibalism. Criteria used to determine release rates for Hymenopterous pupal parasitoids on Kansas feedlots - G. Greene, Southwestern Kansas Res. KS Parasite release numbers are dependent on sanitation levels and other factors, including feedlot operator's tolerance for flies. The number of cattle is usually irrelevant.