It is resistant to heat and is quite stable in feeds. Fish meals, corn distillers solubles and wheat bran are good sources of niacin. It may be in a bound or unavailable form in cereal grains, especially corn. Pantothenic acid is stable in heat and light. Common feed sources are milk products, alfalfa meal, wheat bran and fish solubles.
Practical diets tend to be borderline in pantothenic acid.
Corn is a poor source. Choline is required for small pigs. It can be synthesized from methionine. This increases the methionine requirements in choline deficient diets. Sources are meat and bone meal, soybean oil meal, fish meal and grains.