A high level of public concern has spurred new federal efforts to fund research into the subject, research that will better detail the real level of risk. New methods of detection will be essential. Traditional monitoring programs are based on identifying toxin-producing species and examining seafood for toxins. For Pfiesteria-like species, new techniques will be needed for detecting not only the organism but the toxin itself. Fortunately, research to date shows no evidence that Pfiesteria contaminates seafood, says Rippen.
Indications are that the toxin is unstable, unlike many other biotoxins, and breaks down quickly.
A priority need, according to Yonathan Zohar, a molecular biologist and director of the University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute's Center of Marine Biotechnology, is encouraging the development of molecular probes that will ensure early detection. By using probes that could signal the presence of toxins, those charged with monitoring the region's waterways could detect a problem before fish die or people fall ill. New technologies may offer the best promise for guarding against unforeseen problems as they arise. The current approach of temporarily closing areas during Pfiesteria-related fish kills will offer the public protection at least until such technologies are developed. What will remain the same is the need for continued vigilance.