Probabilists asserted that since nothing could be proved, one should work with probabilities and weigh quantities of evidence. This approach is eminently sensitive to bias on the part of the investigator. Dogmatic Falsification Dogmatic falsification certainly is attractive. It admits the impossibility of proof. It highlights scientific honesty, defined as stating in advance what observations or experimental results would contradict the theory and cause one to abandon it.
Roles become clear.
The history of science as repeated in textbooks has been re-interpreted in this way. Beginning logic students have perhaps the most difficulty giving up this brand of falsification. You could not possibly prove it unless you collected all the swans, and even then you should worry about whether past swans all were white and whether future swans all will be. Conversely, apparently all it takes is one black swan to disprove this proposition. I cannot do the subject as much justice in a short space.