Found in every state of Continental US, in S. Canada, part of Mexico and Central Am. Races which have contiguous ranges interbreed when transplanted into the range of another race, thus the taxonomic picture of whitetail races is clouded.
Females can breed in first year, and twinning is common on good range.
Peak breeding season here in November. Reproductive cycle 1 month later in south. In northern areas, whitetails tend to gather in herds in winter in areas protected from wind and cold. Deer are predominantly browsers, but will eat spring grass and late summer forbs, grain and alfalfa. Total US population about 15 million.