Yes, it can be. But in a very, very, very small percentage of cases. In most instances, the psychological and emotional part serves to exacerbate and maintain the pain, so we can think of it more as a contributing factor, rather than a causal factor. Pain becomes part of the learned response, part of the perception of pain. So yes, it is a learned response.
People respond to pain in a variety of ways.
Some of us tend to cope with it, some people try to neglect it, and some find pain in itself, they can't cope with it, and we need to get very involved in that part of their therapy. It's helpful to think of pain from the psychological perspective, as being a consistent chronic stressor. And that people bring to the pain experience all of their background, learnings, and fears, expectations, beliefs and attitudes. Yes, there have been, and continue to be an ever growing body of research. One of the strengths of cognitive and behavioral approaches in psychology is that they are steeped in empirical research.