Redesign of these tools utilizing vibration dampers has been of some help in prevention. The hands are affected by paroxysmal attacks of numbness and blanching and pain of the fingers. This phenomenon may also be precipitated by exposure to cold. The initial pallor is succeeded by a slight hyperemia and in some cases by cyanosis. Gangrene and other degenerative bone changes may result.
Heat accounts for burns, sweating, erythema and telangiectasia.
Cold can bring on Raynaud's disease, trench foot and frostbite. Radiation causes keratoses, sunburn, radiodermatitis, photosensitivites and skin cancers. Hot water burn Hot water produced these first and second degree burns on the forearm of a kitchen worker. Immediate ice water immersion would have reduced the depth and extent of the burn.