When a rising line surpasses the guideline, we turn the line 90 degrees to the left and extend it horizontally to intercept the vertical Tested Axis. These intercepts locate criteria points on the line of Test Measures. The points may be adjusted upward to the mastery level required by the standard setting agency. The upper point is the Guarantee Criteria. The lower point is the Protection Criteria.
Progress depends on forcing data to serve our intentions.
It is foolish to include data in an analysis which contradicts expectation. It is also foolish to ignore misfits. Each time we remove misfits in order to better approximate our expectations we must also seek explanation. Each misfit understood is an education to better science. Each misfit left mysterious is a symptom of confusion.