An alkaline substance, usually calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate, occurring naturally in a water supply or purposely added by the papermaker to help counteract acidity in paper. The volume or thickness of a paper in relation to its weight. ISO range of sizes for envelopes. A pigment, which can be used as a filler, a white coating substance and a buffering agent. A filler or loading agent.
Paper is weaker and expands more across the cross direction than along the machine direction.
A curl caused by unequal shrinkage which develops either when the moisture content of the paper is changed by atmospheric conditions or when the paper comes into contact with moisture. The wavy, feathered or ragged edge on the sides of a sheet of handmade paper caused where the pulp seeps under the deckle frame during formation. A mark in the paper caused by the impression of a defect in the felt, such as a worn patch. The top surface of the pulp, as distinct from the wire side. Fourdrinier The standard type of machine on which paper is made at high speed in a continuous web.