Respiratory or gut infections may precede macroscopic hematuria. Nephrotic syndrome and hypertension are relatively rare. There is no proven treatment for mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. In aggressive forms, a trial with immunosuppressive drugs can be considered. Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis occurs also secondary to chronic liver disease, chronic gut inflammation, certain rheumatic and skin diseases, leprosy etc.
Membranous glomerulonephritis is the major cause of nephrotic syndrome in the adult.
Microscopical features of the disease consist mainly of glomerular basement membrane thickening due to immune complex depositions. The consequence is massive protein loss into the urine. Other reports show a benefit of cyclosporin A. Even several meta-analysis of existing data are not conclusive. A Cochrane systematic review is currently under the way. The rest presents with some degree of proteinuria and hematuria.