All activity becomes, thus, a divine worship, a practice of religion in daily life. Western metaphysical idealism reaches its consummation in Francis Herbert Bradley. His ' Appearance and Reality' is a masterpiece of logical precision and dialectical skill. Bradley attempts to comprehend the universe as a whole, and not in parts or fragments. He examines a relative experience with its distinctions of primary and secondary qualities, substance and attribute, qualities and relations, space and time, causation, individual self, etc., and finds that all its constituents are self-contradictory and thus rejects them as mere appearance.
Relational categories end in a vicious circle.
Terms and relations result in mere correlatives. There is no reality to be discovered in phenomena. The whole universe is phenomenal. But appearances exist. They must have a basis.