In more advanced cases the lump becomes anchored to the underlying muscle. The skin may show signs of the cancer by dimpling or retraction. Mammography, thermography, and ultrasound may be used for diagnosis. Breast biopsy is used for confimation of diagnosis. Treatment can include surgery in the form of lumpectomy or mastectomy, sometimes followed by radiation, chemotherapy or endocrine therapy.
Many medical personnel can provide instruction for performing a breast self exam.
This procedure should be done monthly shortly after the menstural period because the changes induced in the breast by progesterone may confuse results. The procedure should also be done monthly after menopause. If any abnomality is discovered, a physician should be contacted. A physician will generally palpate the breasts in a similar manner during a physical exam. With the other hand, gently feel the extended breast, pressing lightly, with flattened fingers.