Fifth Crusade ends in failure. 1218 Newgate Prison, London's debtor prison completed. A Golden Bull exempting clergy from taxation and refusing land or offices to Jews or foreigners. 1225 - 1274 Life of theologian Thomas Aquinas , who codifies the Catholic theology in works such as Summa Theologica , marking the high point of the medieval scholastic movement. 1228 Sixth Crusade.
Inquisition forbids reading of Bible by lay persons.
1231 Earliest legislation on the topic of torture in Italy. 1232 Earliest known use of rockets in war between Mongols and Chinese. Domincans are assigned responsibility to carry out the Inquisition. 1240 Mongols capture Moscow and destroy Kiev. 1247 Traditional date for the death of Robin Hood.