If the presentation is breech , the fetal buttocks or feet appear first in the birth canal. A transverse presentation is relatively rare where the fetal body or arm lies horizontal to the birth canal. As the fetal head is passed through the birth canal, the bones of the skull shift in conformance with the pressures exerted. The head at birth appears to be moulded or comes to a curved cone shape. This will diminish following birth to a normal position.
Respiration usually occurs spontaneously at birth.
Sometimes, the mouth and nasal passages are aspirated to enable respiration. E. Afterbirth 1. The afterbirth part involves the expulsion of the placenta and associated membranes. It usually lasts 10-30 minutes. The umbilical cord is clamped in two places near the baby's abdomen.