The etiology is unknown but may be related to increased tone of the arterioles associated with dilation of capillaries and venules. The disorder usually occurs in women and is not associated with occlusive arterial disease. The digits and hands or feet are persistently cold and bluish, sweat profusely, and may swell. Cyanosis is usually intensified by cold and lessened by warming. Trophic changes and ulceration do not occur, and pain is absent.
Pulses are normal.
Except for reassurance and protection from cold, treatment is usually unnecessary. Vasodilators may be tried but are usually ineffective. Sympathectomy is helpful but seldom warranted. All rights reserved.