For tropical rainforests, the time is hundreds of years at a minimum and maybe never. Consider the temperate forest. After deforestation, there is a new cover of grasses, then shrubs. This increases moisture and makes the land favorable for regrowth. In the tropical rainforests, the growing conditions are more favorable.
Growth is faster, as is decomposition.
As a result, dead plants are more quickly returned back to trees. Much less accumulation in the soil. Plus , after clearing, heavy rains wash out much of the organic material that remains. leaving behind barren, acidic soils. Then it gets very hot without canopy cover and the more delicate seeds cannot regerminate. In tropical rainforests, the species live in a very confined area and can easily be wiped-out.