The search for a specific cause and cure has been frustrating, because there are no possible physical tests or animal models for the disorder. However, there have been some technological advances in the study of the anatomy and physiology of the brain, which hold promise for pinpointing an exact and curable cause.
Evidence suggests that biological, psychological, cultural, and genetic factors are all involved.
Biological studies have uncovered the existence of an abnormal amount of dopamine, a chemical neurotransmitter, in the brains of schizophrenics. This contributes to their auditory hallucinations, one which is widely heard of is voices in the head. Environmental conditions also contribute to the onset of schizophrenia. Unclear, disorganized communication within families is a factor, as are poor health conditions. Psychological factors are difficult to distinguish because of the subjectivity of the area.