The methods, or protocols, presented here are organized in a tiered framework, ranging from trophic state surveys to more detailed bioassessment, allowing users flexibility in designing programs appropriate to their needs and resources. Procedures for program design, reference condition determination, field biosurveys, biocriteria development and data analysis are detailed. The appendices of the document include a glossary of terms, summaries of existing programs and protocols, detailed descriptions of biological assemblages, and procedures for statistical analysis of biological data. This chapter introduces biological integrity, bioassessment and biocriteria as fundamental considerations in developing and implementing lake monitoring programs and discusses the relationship between these concepts and the Clean Water Act s goal of restoring and protecting the Nation s water resources. Chapter 1 provides a rationale for biomonitoring as an integral component of natural resource agency lake management and protection programs.
Monitoring is a vital element in natural resource protection programs.
Chapter 2 summarizes the relationship of biological surveys and biocriteria to various programs in the Clean Water Act. The application of lake biomonitoring and the development of biocriteria in these programs play a critical role and can have significant benefits for natural resource agencies and their constituents. This chapter addresses where and how biomonitoring and biocriteria fit into these programs. In addition, this chapter explores some nonregulatory applications and benefits of biomonitoring programs. This chapter provides a sketch of the conceptual framework, application and approaches of bioassessment and biocriteria that are detailed in the remaining chapters.