The surgeon uses a specialized operating microscope and contact lenses, which allow a clear view of the vitreous cavity and retina at various magnifications. It can often be done as an ambulatory procedure. Although vitrectomy procedures are sometimes performed through incisions made near the front of the eye, most vitreoretinal surgeons enter the globe through a part of the eye known as the pars plana . Vitreous gel is being removed . They are eventually replaced by the eyes own natural fluid.
Gas is useful for flattening a detached retina and keeping it attached while healing occurs.
Gas injection is also used to close macular holes. It is unsafe to fly in a plane while gas remains in the eye. Silicone oil is sometimes used instead of gas to keep the retina attached postoperatively. Unlike gas, patients are still able to see through clear silicone oil. Like gas, silicone oil can promote cataracts, cause glaucoma, and may damage the cornea.