Thalli dichotomously branched and exhibit apical growth. Smooth rhizoids penetrate the soil, while tuberculate rhizoids run horizontally along the surface of the plant. It is a cosmopolitan species that occurs from tropical to arctic regions. Cliffs, closed forests, alpine heathlands, peat bogs, minerotropic fens, springs, swamps, grasslands, and tundra. Most often found on moist or wet mineral soil, especially in recently burned areas.
Mats can interfere with the establishment of seedlings of other vegetation.
Invasion and formation of mats after fire helps to prevent soil erosion. Revegetates areas where mineral soil has been exposed. Colonies aid in the renewal of the humus and prepare the soil for the establishment of other vegetation. Rapidly invades burned areas by light, wind-borne spores. Exposed mineral soil and high lime concentrations present after a severe fire provide favorable conditions for establishment.