The model simulates ventricular contraction as a time-dependent change in the elastance of the left ventricle during systole. All rights reserved.
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A glossary of abbreviations and a list of equations are available for this model. The time point in systole in turn sets the ventricular elastance, which in turn determines the ventricular volume. The chronofactor modifies the elastance so that ventricular pressure rises faster as heart rate increases. ANS control of heart rate is mediated by the vagus and sympathetic nerves. ANS control of cardiac contractility is under sympathetic neural control.