Instead they use their knowledge of soil to accurately determine morphological features found throughout the soil profile. A pit is dug, via a backhoe, and the judgers enter the pit. They are told how many horizons there are in this particular profile.
Horizons are different layers in the profile.
There are several types and each has it's own certain characteristics. The judgers determine where the horizons are then fully describe each one individually. The soil is also classified according to standard Soil Taxonomy. Site and soil interpretations are also performed and recorded. The event requires a knowledge of soil features and how they affect other soil characteristics.