The Null Hypothesis is the status quo and is assumed to be true. The Alternate Hypothesis is any claim that is against the null hypothesis. The Null Hypothesis is the claim you wish to prove. Latent, variables are not considered. When there is a strong relationship, you can generalize from the data.
Predictions based on a sample are uncertain.
The data s origins are considered before generalizations are made. Variability in the data precludes drawing any conclusions.