Mathematical models developed on computers enable industrial engineers to simulate the flow of work through an organization and to evaluate the effects of proposed changes. Industrial engineers also use data-processing systems to aid in financial planning, inventory control, and scheduling. Their work often requires a knowledge of economics, psychology, and personnel management. Industrial engineers work in a wide variety of businesses and industries, including banks, construction and transportation firms, government agencies, hospitals, and public utilities. Materials engineering deals with the structure, properties, production, and uses of various materials.
Materials engineers work with both metallic and nonmetallic substances.
They try to improve existing materials and develop new uses for them, as well as to develop new materials to meet specific needs. Mining and metallurgical engineering are major subdivisions of materials engineering. Mining engineers work closely with geologists to locate and appraise deposits of minerals. They decide how to remove the ore from the ground as cheaply and efficiently as possible. Mining engineers have to know about civil, mechanical, and electrical engineering in order to plan shafts and tunnels, ventilate mines, and select mining machinery.