For example, humans have distinct body structures for walking, holding, seeing, and talking. Life Science Biological evolution accounts for the diversity of species developed through gradual processes over many generations. Species acquire many of their unique characteristics through biological adaptation, which involves the selection of naturally occurring variations in populations. Biological adaptations include changes in structures, behaviors, or physiology that enhance survival and reproductive success in a particular environment. Extinction of a species occurs when the environment changes and the adaptive characteristics of a species are insufficient to allow its survival.
Fossils indicate that many organisms that lived long ago are extinct.
Science and Technology Scientific inquiry and technological design have similarities and differences. Scientists propose explanations for questions about the natural world, and engineers propose solutions relating to human problems, needs, and aspirations. Plants and animals have physical features called adaptations that allow them utilize the resources in their environment. Vines have tendrils to attach to other plants. Animals have claws, fur, feathers, and body parts that allow them to live and prosper.