Infectious diseases remain central determinants of the health and development of all populations.
Defining the causes, patterns, and options for the control and prevention of infectious diseases is key to a comprehensive public health policy for all countries. During the past sixty years, significant advances have been made in reducing the threat of a number of infectious diseases. Smallpox has been eradicated through the close collaboration of all countries. At the same time, we recognize significant problems with emerging and re-emerging infections. We have defined the problem and in many instances know what needs to be done for control and prevention.