Many things affect the temperature outside. The effect of latitude. At the equator the direct rays are received, and that means more energy for a smaller area. Latitude is the most important influence on climate patterns. As you move away from the equator the Sun's rays arrive at more of an angle, the energy spread out over the curve of the Earth, and each area recieves less focused energy.
Mountains cause moist air to rise, cool, and drop it's moisture.
The rain can call all on one side of the mountain and none on the other side, meaning that area will be very dry. Oceans and lakes have a lot of influence on the land around them. The climate near an ocean is called a Marine climate. That area has a larger amount of moisture and larger temperature changes during the year. The climate AWAY from an ocean is dryer and a different temperature range.