Because of the variety of disease-causing microorganisms at wastewater treatment plants, immunization cannot be considered a primary protective measure. Vaccines against the more common waterborne microorganisms such as salmonella, shigella, enteropathogenic E coli, leptospires, and protozoa are not available. Influenza vaccinations are recommended for high risk groups such as people over 65 and those with chronic cardiac or respiratory problems. Protective clothing can be effective against biological hazards at wastewater treatment facilities. Uniforms and shoes or boots that remain at the facility prevent workers from bringing pathogenic microorganisms home.
Gloves protect the hands when contact with wastewater or highly contaminated surfaces is likely.
Goggles protect the eyes from airborne microorganisms present in aerosols or dust. Masks or self-contained breathing units may be required in some highly contaminated areas. The use of protective clothing and equipment should be based on plant records and assessment of the hazard. Proper hand washing is a major way to prevent self-contamination and the spread of infection. Treatment plant workers must wash their hands prior to smoking, eating, or touching the mouth or face.