Most of this information was provided on the documents from after 1906, but some of the earlier documents have this information and should be researched. A passport record, US or foreign, can provide you with date and place of birth for your ancestor. The US application can give you the information on date of arrival. Information for US Passports obtained between 1906-1925 are in the custody of the Civil Reference Branch, Textual Reference Division, National Archives and Records Administration, Suitland, MD 20409. You must provide death certificate or letter from applicant.
Land records many times contain information on immigration.
The Homestead Act of 1862 allowed free land from the government to all. Applications were taken and information kept in a file. These files are at the National Archives. My family's surname was changed when they arrived to Ellis Island. The passenger was asked for his name and it was then written on the document.