Basically, look for nouns in your example paragraph, and these are often tables. Adjectives are object columns. Verbs are often relations. Preliminary table designs, data design outlines, technical specifications, and all other documents need to be grouped and filed for easy access. One of the main reasons to data model is to enhance your application's maintainability.
Good documentation is important.
Other important steps you can take to improve the maintainability of your program is to write self-documenting code. Self-documenting code is code written in such a way that tons of comments aren't needed. In database design, this means naming tables and columns with sensible names. Choose appropriate column names too. Use some sort of Hungarian or prefix notation when writing your stored procedures and views.