One learns to draw on all previous experiences, determining if and how the lessons learned might be applicable to the problem at hand. Implicit with this is the need to clearly and concisely communicate this analytical process and its conclusions to the powers that be. This does not come without practice, trial, and error. Hopefully a mentor can point out and cover the errors before much damage is done. Take 2 or 3 Business Admin courses - in organizational communications, group behavior, and the like.
Interpersonal skills are very important in the workplace.
This could be done by contacting friends, alumna, HR personnel at these places seeking information about skills desired, market conditions, and future hiring plans. If you want a job in today's market, the quickest way in is through an internal contact.