The entire group is only together a few weeks out of the year. Subgroup composition is variable and temporary. They are larger in the months when resources are more plentiful. Females also have dominance hierarchies. Males, though outnumbered and outweighed, are dominant to females and more aggressive.
Males form coalitions against the larger females.
Females coalitions have not been observed. Male groups will attack male outsiders. The entire sub-group will threaten interlopers with intense visual and vocal displays, which include loud vocalizations, rattling branches, throwing objects, like branches or feces, and urinating on intruders. They seem to be rather xenophobic, especially towards humans, and with good reason. Grooming is most often observed between mothers and offspring.