If this happens, hoarseness of the voice may result. This is least when the PDA is divided and the two ends stitched. Then it may be necessary to convert to a regular operation to complete the procedure. Late problems are unusual after PDA closure, and patients return to a normal and productive life. Patients can return to work in two weeks time.
Heart disease is quite complex, and it takes years and years of studying it to get a clear picture.
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