Content refers to topics specific to one field of science or to isolated facts. The table of contents of a traditional general science text is usually an example of content focus. The topics and facts constitute a body of knowledge only when related to one another. It is necessary to know content to use or research a body of knowledge, but without a conceptual framework facts are hard to learn and impossible to apply. These are the large ideas used to organize facts in all scientific fields.
Examples are change, cycle, energy, system.
The conduct of research and the application of scientific or technical knowledge are processes. Major elements are observing, classifying, measuring, questioning, and problem solving. Mathematics is an important tool used in these processes. The rather abstract ideas of concept and process can be learned only in the course of learning scientific content. Laboratory experiments, data collection, analysis of data and other information are examples.