The organism is ubiquitous, but rarely causes disease in healthy individuals. In those with compromised immune systems, however, it can be quite devastating. The focus of the research here is on genetically altering the organism's cell membrane so that it is not as readily able to adhere to epithelial cells, or so that it is not as readily taken up by them. Bibliography lists 10 sources in 20 footnotes. A 10 page overview of the insects, their benefits and adverse impacts to humans.
Emphasis is placed on their status as disease vectors.
Bibliography lists five sources. Bibliography lists 3 sources. Defines lichens, describes their varied and important ecological roles, and discusses the various environmental parameters which affect their growth, diversity, and distribution. Emphasizes the importance of analytical techniques which utilize lichens in assessing the impacts of air pollution. Bibliography lists 5 sources.