Endometriosis is one of the most common reasons for pelvic pain and infertility. Causes There are three main theories as to the cause of this elusive disease, but the exact etiology remains a mystery. The most common and scientifically valid theory is a combination of immunological alteration and retrograde menstruation- direct transportation of viable endometrial cells through the fallopian tube into the pelvis which then implants in ectopic sites. Other suggestions are coelomic metaplasia, which proposes that peritoneal epithelial cells change to endometrial cells. Incidence Endometriosis is a common and important health problem.
Endometriosis has a higher incidence among Caucasians than among people of African descent.
Some genetic influences in the development of endometriosis have been described. Unfortunately, there is no current noninvasive test for diagnosing endometriosis. Pain with bowel movement and bladder pain can also exist. The symptoms are often related to the menstrual cycle, generally resulting from functioning endometrial tissue or scarring in the affected site. Pelvic examination may confirm suspicion.