Wilson disease is an inherited disorder. The children of parents who carry the gene for the disorder are at risk. Genetic counseling may be helpful. Nothing can be done to prevent Wilson disease in someone who has already been born. Genetic testing can determine whether someone has the gene for Wilson disease.
Genetic counseling is useful for people with a family history of the disease.
The abnormal history and physical examination makes the healthcare provider suspect Wilson disease. Usually there are high levels of copper in the urine. Often the level of a special protein in the blood is lower than normal. These findings are very suggestive of Wilson disease. Unusual pigment rings seen in the eye, or a large amount of copper in a liver biopsy can both confirm the diagnosis.