Pens should slope away from the feed bunk and roadway. Alternatively, a settling basin can be constructed. Soil Type Soil types should match the requirements of three broad activities within the feeding operation. Pen surfaces and roadways. Locate pens and roadways on a stable, compacted, well drained site.
Expansive clays are undesirable.
Waste collection and control. Silt and clay soils are good for drains and storage ponds as they are relatively impermeable. Silt and clay gravels are also suitable if compacted properly. Using the USDA Unified Soil Classification Series, MH, CL and GC types are usually suitable. CH, ML, GM and SM types are sometimes suitable.