Currently the Ganges plain is densely populated. Sindh Valley dry and arid. Sites of are in present day Pakistan and in Kutch on banks of the Sindh and the banks of the Upper Ganges in India Settlements cover some 1,000 miles end to end General Settlement Characteristics Settlements are gridded and oriented more or less to the cardinal points of the compass Uniformity of building style and materials suggests possibility of central authority. Cities are Dependent on Villages Parasitic relationship with hinterland Evidence that the City taxes surrounding cultivators. Centralized rule vested in the city Hinterland of petty cultivation.
Farmers are small scale household based cultivators.
Planned Layout of Habitat alignment of individual houses on streets blank brick walls facing the street plastered on the inside. May have been decorated and plastered on the outside. 47 military posts in the west creating a perimeter of safety for investments. Within the post one found services. British Cantonments - military with native soldiers and bureaucrats 2.