This also causes blood vessels to constrict and deprives extremities of a normal blood supply. Your own observation of symptoms. Medical history and physical exam by a doctor. Gangrene in the foot or leg caused by a loss of blood supply. This may result in amputation.
Life expectancy is reduced.
Scientific research into causes and treatment continues, so there is hope for increasingly effective treatment and cure. Avoid exposure to the cold. Wear warm footwear and gloves. Clip nails carefully to avoid injuring the skin. Wear well-fitting shoes and cotton or wool socks.