The third range, on the east, runs northeast into Venezuela. Volcanoes and earthquakes. Many of the high mountains of the Andes are volcanoes. Some of them are active. The most famous of these volcanoes are Cotopaxi, Tungurahua, and Sangay in Ecuador and Nevado del Ruiz in Colombia.
Earthquakes are common in the Andes.
Many towns have been wiped out by them. Glaciers, lakes, and rivers. Glaciers cover many of the high peaks of the Andes, even those close to the equator. The largest glaciers are in southern Chile. Others reach down to the Pacific Coast.