This lack of empathy does not mean they are selfish, rather, they can not think any other way. In it they ask a child to draw a mountain range from the viewpoint of a doll. The child's inability to put themselves in the place of the doll resulted in the conclusion that children can not empathize until approximately the age of seven years. This is a situation where formalized instruction could have direct benefits for the depressed children. If they knew how to direct their anger, and learned not to confuse sadness with fear, they might be able to learn how to manage their feelings.
Intentionality emerges again as the ruler for the measurement of the development of self and other.
What complicates this assessment is the same problem of imitation discussed previously.