Excluding Emblingiaceae , Xanthophyllaceae Habit and leaf form . When parasitic, on roots of the host. With neither basal nor terminal aggregations of leaves. Mesophytic, or xerophytic.
Leaves stipulate, or exstipulate.
Lamina margins entire. Leaves without a persistent basal meristem. Leaf anatomy . Stem anatomy . Primary vascular tissue in a cylinder, without separate bundles.