Education is covered in part.
Juvenile justice, culture, recreation, family law are not systematically covered but sometimes are within the scope of particular regimes or are considered as part of child and family policy in particular countries. Social Protection policy towards the family and children takes three main forms. The first is to compensate, at least in part, for the additional costs of having children by paying child benefits or family allowances or by granting tax allowances. The second is to enable women to take time off work when they give birth and to receive a replacement income for a period of time, though entitlement to leave is being increasingly extended to both parents both immediately after the child is born and during the first few years and when the child falls ill. The third is to provide help with child care and with caring for family members with disabilities or who are elderly and frail, either directly or through allowances.