Sporadic cases reported in 1994 and 1998. June January Cases reported near Karachi. Endemic areas overlap those for West Nile virus. Lower Indus Valley may be an endemic transmission area. Local JE incidence rates may not accurately reflect risks to nonimmune visitors because of high immunization rates in local populations.
Humans are incidental to the transmission cycle.
High levels of viral transmission may occur in the absence of human disease. Assessments are based on publications, surveillance reports, and personal correspondence. Extrapolations have been made from available data. Transmission patterns may change. Tsai TF, Yu Yx, Japanese encephalitis vaccines.