This prompted several studies to see if people could perceive subliminal messages. Generally, it was found that people were not aware of, nor influenced by, subliminal messages. They then asked subjects if they could hear these same phrases, and other phrases that Vokey and Read did not hear in the recordings. In other words subjects heard phrases that Vokey and Read heard and told subjects were there, and did not hear phrases that Vokey and Read did not hear but said were there. He has discovered that all speech, when played backward, produces intelligible words and phrases embedded amidst the gibberish sounds of backward speech.
Emotionality is defined by the nature of the articles subjects are assigned to read.
Subjects were volunteers, three women and one man between the ages of 30-50. They were members of an Art Bell Chat Club, who were familiar with the concept of Reverse Speech. Written instructions on how subjects were to proceed. If Men Could Menstruate . A Sony portable tape recorder.