The district court granted the motion. This appeal followed. The state argues that it has jurisdiction to enforce the state disorderly conduct statute. This court need not defer to the district court on a legal issue. Ass'n v. Minnesota Pub.
Jurisdictional questions are legal in nature.
State laws may be applied to Native Americans on tribal land if Congress has expressly provided. In Public Law 280, Congress expressly granted certain states, including Minnesota, criminal jurisdiction, and certain civil jurisdiction, over Indian lands within those states. L. 280 does not authorize its enforcement on an Indian reservation. The shorthand test is whether the conduct at issue violates the State's public policy. The Minnesota Supreme Court has recently clarified this test by outlining a two-step approach.