The prognosis for a full recovery is generally good with appropriate therapy. Triphasic clinical syndrome. Phase 1 signs include ataxia and a drunken appearance within 1 hour of exposure. Phase 3 exhibits renal failure, vomiting, depression, renal pain, enlarged kidneys, crystaluria, anorexia, hypothermia, coma, and death. The use of ethanol and bicarbonate is widely accepted.
Ethanol blocks alcohol dehydrogenase activity.
This stops the first rate-limiting step of ethylene glycols metabolism to glycoaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase. Glycoaldehyde is metabolized to glycolic acid, the primary metabolite for metabolic acidosis, and glyoxylic acid. Glyoxylic acid is further metabolized to oxalic acid, glycine, and formic acid. Peritoneal dialysis may be used if acute renal failure occurs. A recent treatment of 4-methylpyrazole is being widely used, however, it does not work on cats.