All of these produce inherently vague sentences. After all, these endings are our means of turning verbs into nouns. For stronger prose, you want to turn them back into the original verbs and get rid of the colorless and vague place-holding verbs created by nominalization. Vehicle creates no mental picture in the reader's mind, while forklift does. When you find yourself using one of these words, see if you can rewrite to get rid of it.
Faulty parallelism throws readers off track and breaks their concentration.
If the resulting number is 12, that means that it takes 12 years of education to read the passage without difficulty. The number is based on American education, so 12 years means 12th grade or someone ready to go to the university. This consists of the signposts you set up to help the reader assimilate your argument. You establish the importance of your endeavor, and signal what makes it original. At the end, you signal that you are reaching a conclusion.