If not, it manifests as an esotropia. This is treated with plus lenses to decrease the accommodative demand, and to straighten the eyes. Return to list of strabismus disorders Congenital Esotropia Congenital esotropia is usually seen shortly after birth, but may take months to manifest. The deviation is usually greater than 30 prism diopters, and surgery followed by vision therapy is the treatment of choice. Esotropia may also develop in an infant with impaired vision due to congenital cataracts, retinoblastoma, or chorioretinitis, for example.
Horizontal versions are congenitally absent.
There is an inability to abduct either eye, possibly secondary to Cranial Nerve VI palsy. This condition may also be associated with a Cranial Nerve VII palsy, with drooping lids, ectropion, and tearing. Overconvergence may occur in attempted up gaze, and divergence may occur in downward gaze. There is limited horizontal eye movement. These patients are usually hyperopic, astigmatic, and amblyopic.