Poor listeners stop listening to the speaker and start listening to themselves. They either passively reject what is being said or launch into impassioned rebuttals. When they disagree, effective listeners don't disengage or jump to conclusions. They keep their conclusions very tentative while getting more information. They may retain a few of those facts, but the information is usually garbled.
Effective listeners look for foundational concepts.
They grab key ideas and use them as anchor points for the entire lecture. Adjust your note taking system to the lecturer's pattern. Some poor listeners attempt to outline everything, believing an outline and notes are the same thing. Poor listeners let their minds to wander. Effective listeners remain focused and actively try to absorb material.