There is some evidence of both, but Volk wisely avoids either. Volk's examples range all the way from the exotic to the prosaic, because for him, metapatterns underlie all of existence. And Form of 1917, AND it extends the metaphor to human culture. Although he was inspired by such notable thinkers as Gregory Bateson and Buckminster Fuller, Volk has avoided going off on some of their more esoteric tangents. Tracing Technicalities Fractals trace the geometry of infinite iterations manifest on an ever diminishing scale.
Iteration means a repetitive process.
Infinity means endless extension. Diminishing scale means decreasing size. Analystical geometry provides a graphical display of mathematical equations. SO, fractals are pictures of cyclical equations which go on forever but get smaller at each successive phase. Now, THAT is perfectly clear, as illustrated below.