This results in deeper understanding and easier recall of the content. Jolts lull participants into behaving in a comfortable way and deliver a powerful wake-up call. They force participants to re-examine their assumptions and revise their standard procedures. Jolts typically last for a few minutes but provide enough insights for a lengthy debriefing. Magic Tricks incorporate a relevant magic trick as a part of a training session.
Magic tricks provide metaphors or analogies for some important element of the training content.
The tricks are also used as processes to be analyzed, reconstructed, learned, performed, or coached for training participants in appropriate procedures. Matrix Games require participants to occupy boxes in a grid by demonstrating a specific skill or knowledge. The matrixes provide a structure for matching or classifying individual items or organizing and comparing a set of items. MSGs are particularly useful for teaching principles related to planning, generating ideas, testing alternatives, making decisions, utilizing resources, and working under time pressure. Openers are activities conducted near the beginning of a session.