Please conduct a current literature search and check the appropriate current online database for the most recent quantitative information. Severe ocular irritation and dermal burns may occur following eye or skin exposure. Exposure to higher levels of fluoride through drinking water may cause dental fluorosis or mottling , while very high exposures through drinking water or air can result in skeletal fluorosis. The only developmental effect observed from fluoride exposure in humans is dental fluorosis which can occur in a child's teeth when a mother receives high levels of fluoride during pregnancy.
Limited information is available on the reproductive effects of fluoride.
One study reported menstrual irregularities, but no other effects, in women occupationally exposed to fluoride. Epidemiological studies have not demonstrated an association between fluoride in drinking water and an increased risk of cancer, and occupational studies have not implicated inhaled fluoride as a cause of cancer. EPA has not classified hydrogen fluoride with respect to carcinogenicity. The majority of exposure to fluoride occurs through the consumption of fluoridated drinking water and food. Fluoride is also a component of cigarette smoke.