These authors cite mostly their own research or that of their nearest colleagues as references. When the number of such studies reaches a certain level, it becomes necessary to systematize and to generalize the information. This results in the publication of the first reviews. When a certain amount of information exists concerning a specific area of study, authors are more informed about each other's results and achievements. Thus the non-organized community of authors is transformed.
Groups develop particular methods or hypotheses.
The variety of documents cited changes considerably. However, citations usually only consider the basic works in the field. The references cited by authors on a particular subject include a number of documents which show a stable pattern, and are being cited in every article on the subject. This is a sign of a scientific community which is consolidated on the basis of cognitive remedies described in key documents. In the ideal situation, these processes lead to the birth of new specialties.