Last time, we went over process theories of motivation. Content theories explain the specific factors that motivate people. It is important to remember that the following are theories , none of which have been conclusively shown to be valid. Nonetheless, they are helpful in providing a contextual framework for dealing with individuals. McGregor s Theory X and Theory Y Douglas McGregor proposed two different motivational theories.
Managers tend to believe one or the other and treat their employees accordingly.
Theory X states that employees dislike and try to avoid work, so they must be coerced into doing it. Most workers do not want responsibilities, lack ambition, and value job security more than anything else. McGregor personally held that the more optimistic theory, Y, was more valid. This theory holds that employees can view work as natural, are creative, can be self-motivated, and appreciate responsibility. This type of thinking is popular now, with self-empowered work teams becoming the norm.