Peer review examines a wider scope of teaching activities than other methods. Disadvantages include time consumption and possible peer conflict. Nationally standardized student achievement examinations often are used to evaluate teachers and school systems by ranking the student, class, and school according to national norms. This method usually supplements more formal evaluation methods and is used with other data to identify weak areas of instruction and classroom management skills. Research has found a relationship between teacher flexibility and effectiveness, and some teacher characteristics appear to be more effective in some classroom situations than in others.
Literature exists to support all evaluation methods.
He further suggests that this knowledge can be acquired through studying the data now generated by valid and reliable methods. Successful evaluation procedures begin with a definition of teaching expectations and end with an examination of evaluation results and implications. Formative evaluations include a staff development component to complete the program of assessment and improvement. Schools often consider the perfect evaluation system to be one that gathers all necessary data quickly, offends no one, and differs little from an unacceptable system used the previous year. Despite this resistance to change, some progress toward developing and implementing innovative and workable evaluation programs continues.