Growers plant crops that tolerate common problems, altering planting time and spacing to discourage certain diseases and insects. Treatments can then be properly timed, preventing crop damage and saving sprays. Before treating, growers wait until pest populations reach a scientifically determined level that could cause economic damage. Until that threshold is reached, the cost of yield and quality loss will be less than the cost for control. They import and use additional biologicals where effective.
Growers select the most effectivve and appropriate pesticide and properly calibrate sprayers.
They then verify that weather conditions will permit good coverage without undue drift.