Psychological dependence occurs when there are unpleasant psychological effects of a drugs removal but no signs of physical dependence. Compulsive gambling is an example of psychological dependence. There may be a biological basis for psychological dependence. Tendency to increase the dosage. Psychological and physical dependence.
Drug use negatively effects user, their relationships, and society.
There remain a number of unanswered questions on how drug addictions are formed. I. Nonspecific factors effecting an individual s response to a drug. Different species respond differently to the same drug. Drug responses can vary among various strains or races within a species. The sex of an individual can affect drug responses.