There is a reaction in which the combination of carbon dioxide and water produce carbonic acid. This occurs naturally in the ocean but the human body has an enzyme carbonic anhydrase. 6x105 molecules of carbonic acids are produced per second because of the presence of this enzyme. This is 107 times faster than the natural reaction in the ocean. This reaction is essential in organic cells for transferring CO2 from cells to bloodstream which then carries it to the lungs.
Enzymes are globular proteins.
ATP is the energy currency of the cell A. Auxotrophs Sometimes cells will have a defect in their biosynthetic pathways called auxotrophes. They are important because they have given a lot of information about genetics and heredity that have helped understand structure and processes in living cells, particularly micro organisms and neurospora or red bread mold. In the normal cells the enzymes will lead to a particular amino acid organization. If there is a defect in an enzyme and then products can collect that prevent proceeding to the next state. This can happen at any stage.