Discipline can be likened to consequences. While consequences and punishment often appear to be similar there are significant differences. The first is that punishment is a form of retribution. Its goal is to make the rule violator pay for misconduct. Punishments have their roots in a philosophy that students will avoid bad behavior to avoid being punished.
Fear is the prime motivator.
Consequences are directly related to the rule. They are both logical and natural and they help the rule violator learn acceptable behavior from the experience. Their intent is instructional rather than punitive because they are designed to teach students the positive or negative affects of their behavior. Consequences are simple, direct, related to the rule, logical and instructive. Punishments are not related to the rule, are not natural extensions of the rule, intend to generate anxiety, hostility and resentment in the student.