Diet can be supplemented by taking folic acid tablets for a daily intake of 400 to 1000 mcg total. Smoking in women is associated with higher rates of miscarriage, lower infant birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome, and infant respiratory illnesses. Alcohol intake can affect the developing child. Fetal alcohol syndrome is now recognized as a cause of serious birth defects, particularly mental underdevelopment. The lowest amount of alcohol that causes defects us unknown, so women are advised to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy and even before.
Exercise can also improve labor outcome and help maintain well-being.
Women who exercise regularly can continue during pregnancy but should let their doctor know if they experience dizziness, shortness of breath, or other problems. Stop or considerably reduce smoking. Stop or considerably reduce alcohol consumption. Stop use of recreational drugs. Eat a healthy diet that is rich in protein, calcium, iron, and zinc.