The categories into which things have been put will not apply in every case in every school. For example, guidance may be a form of support and prevention, or in some schools it may be used as a form of control. Some Principles of Good Practice Recognise the complexity of the problem. Don't oversimplify issues. It is better to seek constructive solutions than to look for blame.
Low morale is often a factor in a pupil's decision to play truant.
Since there is usually no single cause there is no single solution. Effective action means collaboration. Prevention is better, and easier than cure. Take action early. Set high expectations.