Sunlight, boiling, and autoclaving rapidly destroy the virus. Most disinfectants and meat packing industry techniques do not destroy the virus. The best bet is to stay clear of infected areas during active outbreaks of disease. Cattle mount an effective immune response to FMD that lasts up to 4 years. Swine immunity persists for only 7 to 8 months.
Immunity is relatively specific to the serotype involved in the exposure.
New outbreaks with different serotypes can occur at any time. A government-approved laboratory must perform these. Yes, but success of vaccination programs has been highly variable because of the multitude of serotypes and subtypes. The most common types are killed virus trivalent forms. Vaccination in the USA is not permitted.