Operations Other Than War are often of long duration, undergo shifts in direction, and involve competing principles and ideologies. These operations range from counter-subversion to the use of armed force. Although OOTW are often localized, they have regional and global security implications. Hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, fires, and bombings are examples of disasters often requiring federal assistance.
Federal assistance is used to augment state and local resources and to help relief agencies.
Each state has a disaster plan and an Office of Emergency Services responsible for coordinating relief efforts. Local emergency organizations provide initial assistance. State organizations, including the National Guard, are the next to respond. The National Guard, in state active duty status, has primary responsibility for military assistance. Federal agencies and other relief organizations are responsible for meeting the needs of the civilian population.