Criticized as arrogant, unrealistic, harmful to U.S. business. Applies only to payments to officials of foreign governments, not of private firms. Can actually be convenient. Bribery confused with guanxi . Corporate responsibility worldwide.
High trust makes business more efficient.
Different conceptions of ethics. Ethical frameworks around the world can be fundamentally different but are to some degree complementary. Whence colonial missionaries, international aid, etc. Business based on procedure, law, prima facie trust. Whence face saving, guanxi .