Dense vegetation protects the stream buffer from erosion by anchoring the soil and increasing soil infiltration rates. The more runoff the soil can infiltrate and hold, the less will be available to erode stream banks. Base-buffer size on site needs and conditions. The rate and volume of runoff, topography, soil characteristics, types of vegetation and climate are important design factors. The design must be site specific, using guidelines based on research and experience.
Drains remove contaminated runoff to storage.
Fencing Streams Fencing streams and other water bodies to keep cattle out will control access and benefit water quality. Reducing cattle activity protects unstable stream banks and channels, and prevents direct manure deposits. Manure Use on Pasture and Cropland Efficient use of dairy manure and effective management of manure storage lagoons will improve downstream water quality. Proper timing makes the best use of nutrients for crop production and generally benefits water quality. Test the soil for nutrient needs and the manure for nutrient supply to determine manure application rate.