Brief Solution Therapy uses a client-centred approach, where the client is encouraged to move in incremental steps towards achievable goals. She learns to identify her strengths and use them. Many substance abusers have horrendous trauma in their lives. The fact that they still survive and cope, however minimally by others standards, is a phenomenon and should be drawn upon. Janet admits that moderation does not work for some people.
Harm reduction is sometimes a step towards abstinence.
Motivational interviewing, a part of the transtheoretical model of change tries to understand where the client is. Janet pointed out the necessity for identifying her fears and the barriers in her life. This is much different from moving from an action plan to abstinence. For example, for a client addicted to cocaine, the counsellor will identify that there are bound to be huge urges. There are more options available today for what an addict might do when there is an urge to use.