Health can be measured either as immune response and consequently susceptibility of the fish to diseases or as prevalence of already existing diseases or pathological changes. While the diagnosis of disease is crucial in aquaculture, it can be also used as an indicator of environmental pollution. Either degree of pathology or immunosupression can be measured to determine pollution effects. Additionally, disease models are used for laboratory experiments. Fish kills have also been used as indicators of environmental conditions.
Fish kill is a sudden and mass mortality of fish.
Fish kill investigations can be very challenging, as a whole range of variables and possible scenarios has to be considered and the evidence evaluated as legally valid. Prevalence of epitheliocystis in Atlantic salmon cultured in Tasmania, Australia. Differential effects of cortisol on apoptosis and proliferation of carp B-lymphocytes from head kidney, spleen and blood. Simple gill smear staining for diagnosis of amoebic gill disease. Significance of environmental factors in aetiology of skin diseases in teleost fish.