May be secondary to CNS disorder. Cessation of gas exchange in the lungs because of obstruction to air flow. GE reflux or trouble coordinating swallow and palate malformations can all contribute to apnea. In the older child consider breath-holding spells. Clinical characteristics, work-up, and treatment.
Gestational age is especially important.
Apnea monitor and addressing underlying factor. Teach CPR to parents and caregivers. Any individual spell will generally resolve with stimulation. For neonatal apnea. Theophylline has also been used, but caffeine is preferred.