Scientists believe ECT works by affecting the same transmitter chemicals in the brain that are affected by medications. As more effective medications have been developed, the use of ECT for the treatment of depression has decreased. However, ECT is very effective for treating patients who cannot take medications due to heart conditions, old age, severe malnourishment, or for patients who do not respond to antidepressant medication. It can be a lifesaving treatment technique that is considered when other therapies have failed or when a person is very likely to commit suicide. Before ECT is administered, patients receive anesthesia and a muscle relaxant to protect them from physical harm and pain.
Electrodes are placed on the head and a small amount of electricity is applied.
This procedure is repeated two or three times a week until the patient improves or it becomes evident that further treatment will be ineffective. Side effects of ECT are largely transitory. Some people may experience mild problems with memory of events that occurred within several months of the therapy. In summary, medication or psychotherapy, or a combination of the two treatment methods, usually relieves symptoms of depression in weeks. Even the most severe forms of depression can respond to treatment rapidly.