Industrial engineers try to make systems run more efficiently.
Operations research tools are frequently used by industrial engineers, and include queueing and simulation models. Queueing models can be used to estimate the long term performance of manufacturing or communication systems, without employing full-scale simulation models. A bibliography of over 300 queueing-related articles is also available on this web site. A simulation model is a representation of a real system. A wafer is a piece of silicon used to fabricate semiconductor chips.