There is significant tension between the Gorani and ethnic Albanians in some areas, while in others the two communities are well-integrated. They are accused of having collaborated in mistreatment of Kosovo Albanians during the conflict, often wrongly. It is important to be aware that Roma are a visible minority in Kosovo and therefore are easily identified. Its members continue to speak Turkish and have enjoyed access to primary and secondary education in the Turkish language, although most members also speak Albanian and Serbian. Many were displaced during the recent conflict, and some are now returning.
Large numbers continue to enter Kosovo and other countries from particular areas of Serbia.
The possibility of safety in Montenegro, which still hosts refugees and displaced from the earlier regional conflicts, and is currently negotiating with FRY on economic and other reforms, will require serious analysis of fears of destabilisation and lack of absorption capacity. Considerations regarding relocation will be different, depending on the group to which a claimant belongs. In cases where the claim to asylum is based on accusations of collaboration, particular attention may need to be paid to the possibility of exclusion clauses being relevant to the individual case. This will be so, importantly for this situation, if the military activity that is refused by a conscientious objector is contrary to the basic rules of human conduct, as, for example, when it is condemned by the international community. It is essential for analysis of such claims to know the provisions of the law in force and the practice in implementing it.