Tertiary prevention of disease and prevention of frailty are priorities in the chronically ill, followed by primary and secondary prevention of disease and prevention of iatrogenic complications and accidents. The frail elderly typically have many severe chronic disorders, are functionally dependent, and have lost their physiologic reserve. They are frequently hospitalized and institutionalized. Prevention of accidents and iatrogenic complications is most important. Some preventive measures apply to all elderly persons.
Exercise can help prevent frailty.
In frail elderly persons, it can help preserve functional ability and reduce the incidence of accidents. Chronically ill patients and their caregivers should learn about their diseases and treatment plans. Regular physician visits and prompt reporting of a change in symptoms can help reduce severe illness exacerbations, which can lead to hospitalization and functional decline. Caregivers of the frail elderly must work assiduously to prevent accidents through completion of a home safety checklist and other measures. Caregivers should be watchful for even subtle functional changes in elderly patients and promptly report them to health care practitioners.