In addition, dimpled cathodes are being designed and fabricated to optimize electrical conduction and gas flow through the cathode. The efficiency of a SOFC is dependent on transport of oxygen ions. If SOFCs are to be a viable power system for transportation, they must be able to operate at low temperatures. Additionally, fuel cells must be robust to survive the rigors of a transportation system. Electrolytes will most likely be in the form of films, but each material's strength and fracture toughness are generally low.
Initial results indicate that mechanical property improvements are possible.