The actual cause of this disease is unknown. Smoking and work-related cadmium exposure are known risk factors. A growth of cancer cells within the kidney forms an enlarging mass that may spread outside the kidney. The symptoms may occur as a result of effects on kidney function or effects on neighboring organs. Symptoms vary, depending on how advanced the tumor is when it is found.
Kidney cancer can be difficult to diagnose.
Many kidney tumors are found when x-rays are taken for other reasons. The physical exam is critical to look for direct and indirect evidence of a tumor. Recent symptoms are very important as well. The findings of the recent medical history and physical will direct the lab and x-ray evaluation. For this reason, one or more ways to view the kidney and its function are used.