These have been among the more popular models for restructuring schools in poor, predominantly minority neighborhoods with traditionally low-achieving students. Separate sections describe and analyze each of these programs individually. Further sections address important issues and themes common to all the programs. One of these sections discusses evaluation and assessment issues of both programs and students. A further section looks at the three models from the viewpoint of traditional assessments.
Final sections review resources and costs for the various programs, and efforts at replication.
An author bibliography is included. Reforms affecting only six hours of children's daily lives cannot succeed. Other concerns technology, staffing, the national education role, and private schools. In Search of a Definition. Differentiates among renewal, reform, and restructuring activities and intentions in education, highlighting conceptualizations that stress fundamental change.