Estrogens are relatively contraindicated in patients with hepatic disease because metabolism may be impaired. They are relatively contraindicated in patients with jaundice during pregnancy because they can increase the risk of recurrence. Estrogens are relatively contraindicated in patients with acute intermittent, or variegate hepatic porphyria, which can be exacerbated. Estrogens are relatively contraindicated during breast-feeding because they are secreted in milk and cause unpredictable effects in the infant. An alternative feeding method should be used.
Estrogens are relatively contraindicated in children because estrogens promote epiphysial closure.
Blood pressure can increase during therapy with estrogens. Patients with hypertension should be monitored closely for increases in blood pressure if estrogens are administered. Estrogens can cause amenorrhea and interfere with the effects of bromocriptine. Concurrent use is not recommended. Estrogens can increase calcium absorption.