Click on image below for enlargement. Upwelling and inward Ekman flux feeds the growing lens of well-mixed fluid. Left side of each image is the axis of the cylinder. Visualization with vertical light sheet. Note instability in thermal-wind shear beneath mixed vortex.
Image below is more weakly stratified overturning with similar surface forcing.
Note inward flow near surface and upwelling drawn from great depth. Weddell Sea ice. This page is dedicated to our late colleague, Boris Boubnov, of the Oboukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, who passed away 3 August 1999. Rotating convection in a 1m bowl-shaped basin. Time series of rotating convection experiment with central cooling in cylinder.