Sickle cell hemoglobinopathies have the potential to cause ophthalmic complications that affect vision. Unless the ophthalmoscopic evaluation includes a thorough examination of the posterior and peripheral retina through a dilated pupil, these complications can go unnoticed.
Laser photocoagulation can benefit many patients with proliferative retinopathy.
A certain percentage of patients who develop retinal holes or traction can be spared retinal detachment and blindness if they are treated appropriately. Once detachment or nonclearing vitreous hemorrhage is present, surgical intervention is often helpful in restoring vision. It is recommended that patients with sickle hemoglobinopathies have yearly eye examinations, including indirect ophthalmoscopy. Patients with significant retinopathy should undergo fluorescein angiography and be evaluated and followed by a retinal specialist. Immediate referral to an ophthalmologist is also indicated when there is a sudden change in visual acuity or when there is trauma to the eye.