In Central America forests are giving way to cattle ranches, which supply beef to American fast-food chains. To begin with, the rich nations must reduce the debt burden of the poor. But just as important is a concerted campaign to convince the people of developing countries that it is in their own long-term interest to preserve their environments. Wiping out forests may make developing nations momentarily richer, but it is bound to produce a poorer future. Experience has shown the Third World that destruction of forests can have disastrous consequences.
Forests are vital watersheds that absorb excess moisture and anchor topsoil.
Deforestation contributed to the recent droughts in Africa and the devastating mud slides in Rio de Janeiro last year. In Costa Rica topsoil eroded from bald hills has greatly shortened the life of an expensive hydroelectric dam. Now the government must reforest the watershed at ten times that price. Halting the assault on biodiversity will not be easy, but there are many actions that governments can take. First, they should develop and support local scientific institutions that train professionals in conservation techniques.