At least some of the beliefs, values, methods of thinking, and general attitudes of the students should be altered. We think the change should be from less to more intellectual independence on the part of the student. An introductory philosophy course cannot transform a neophyte into a professional philosopher, a sophomore into a profound thinker. Still, it can strengthen students' courage and skill in thinking for themselves. An introductory philosophy course can advance the enlightenment of students.
Immaturity is the inability to use one's understanding without the guidance of another.
Man is responsible for his own immaturity, when it is caused by lack not of understanding, but of the resolution and the courage to use it without the guidance of another. Of course, Kant was trying to articulate the spirit of 18 th century Enlightenment. Nevertheless, such 'enlightenment' is not something appropriate only to a past historical period. Philosophy has performed many different functions in the course of its long history. Certainly not the least of these in importance has been the encouragement of intellectual independence.