The use of rechargeable batteries is expected to continue growing with the increasing prevalence of laptop computers, cellular phones, and other portable electronic devices. Currently there are no adequate substitutes for the toxic and hazardous materials used in these batteries. While the management of automobile lead acid batteries is well-established, that of NiCd batteries is still in the formative stage. Currently there is little standardization of the distribution, use, collection, disposal, or recycling of rechargeable batteries.
Government regulations concerning waste batteries are varied.
NiCd batteries are currently one of the few types that have a commercially viable recycling process in operation. This research will investigate the current management procedures for the toxic and hazardous materials used in NiCd batteries in the various stages of life and will investigate the alternatives for managing their toxic materials. This will make possible an evaluation of the current policies and associated practices for managing these batteries. The assessment of the life cycle stages will primarily focus on materials management during the recycling of NiCd batteries. A materials mass balance of a facility recycling NiCd batteries will be conducted.