Used for newsprint, catalogs, paper towels. Sulfite or sulfate processes use strong chemicals to dissolve lignin, leave cellulose for white paper. Spent chemicals and lignin create major pollution problems. The use of enzymes in the paper industry may solve some of the problems Papermaking consists of allowing pulp to flow onto a moving screen, where the forming paper is quickly drained, then pressed and dried. Types of paperboard and packaging papers Kraft paper and paper bags , bleached and unbleached paperboard , recycled paperboard , and container or corrugated containers.
Essential oils are flavor and aroma components, often used instead of whole plant parts.
Romans sent ships direct from Red Sea ports. Greeks had many local herbs. Trade monopoly by Arabs and Venetians, 1200s. Monopolies established sequentially by Portuguese, Dutch, British and French, importing spices from the East. Monopolies gradually broken by war, smuggling of plants to new plantations.