This ecological process is as important as water, sun and wind. Many plants have had a long association with fire, so they need it to reproduce and grow well. Animals reap the benefits provided by diverse plant communities and this is reflected in their numbers, variety, health and distribution. Just as fires affect the landscape, so can the landscape affect the cycle of fire. Mountains and their associated microclimates have dry slopes, wet slopes and everything in between.
Local climates vary as well.
Six thousand years ago, the climate was hotter and drier, resulting in more frequent forest fires. In addition to natural fires, Aboriginal people traditionally ignited fires to increase prairie grasslands for bison and other game or to clear travel corridors. Early explorers, trappers and trains also started fires. Piecing together Waterton's fire history is a complicated process. In many cases the only option is prescribed, controlled burns.