This is a very subjective distinction. Reactive changes are generally expected to heal without treatment. Pre-malignant changes are those that are expected to persist or progress to a low grade intraepithelial lesion. A repeat smear in three to six months is most often suggested. Dysplasia is a technical term that means an abnormal development of tissue.
Dysplasia is considered a pre-malignant condition.
The simple act of taking the Pap smear may remove some very small growths. The cells may also suggest the presence of human papilloma virus, a virus that causes genital warts. This is a virus that some scientists believe may play a role in the development of cervical cancer. A colposcopic examination is usually recommended. A colposcope is an instrument that allows a clinician to inspect the cervix under high magnification.