Modern techniques have demonstrated that some affected people have changes in the structure of their brains. There is also evidence that some of these individuals may have been affected by infections before they were born. Occasionally the disorder appears to run in families affecting many members. The individual s breakdown may occur as a result of drug or alcohol misuse, emotional stress or difficulties in life experiences. There is no scientific evidence to support the idea that how parents bring up their child can cause schizophrenia.
Effective treatment involves a number of different approaches.
Ideally it is most effective when given early in the illness. Some form of medication is essential for most cases. However, this should be in combination with education about the disorder, support and counselling for the emotional effects, and psychological training in how to manage those symptoms that continue despite medication. There should be a treatment plan developed in partnership with the person and their family. This may include attending a rehabilitation programme to enable them to return to work, regain social contact with others, and care for themselves.