Additionally, many drugs can cause miscarriage or fetal defect once pregnancy has begun. Avoiding all medications while attempting to conceive and during pregnancy is best whenever possible. Any surgery involving the reproductive structures can lead to infertility. Talk to your doctor in detail about the implications of the surgery on future reproductive functioning beforehand. Of course, surgical sterilization will usually cause infertility and should be considered permanent.
High doses can cause miscarriage or fetal defect in pregnant women.
There's no evidence that endurance training leads to male infertility. Men's briefs and tight pants have been thought to have the same effect on sperm as heat exposure and hot baths, however there is no scientific evidence for this hypothesis. Hormonal methods of birth control can lead to temporary infertility. The IUD puts women at risk of PID which can cause infertility, especially among non-monogamous couples. As expected, surgical sterilization will usually cause infertility and should be considered permanent.