A. Meiosis involves two sequential cell divisions. I. b. Separation of homologous chromosomes reduces chromosome number to haploid state. Separation of sister chromatids. Paternal and maternal homologous chromosomes assort independently among gametes. Crossing over increases genetic variation.
Fertilization increases genetic variation.
Experimental advantages of the pea plant. B. Modern description of Mendel's monohybrid cross experiment. Phenotype and genotype, genes and alleles. Dominant and recessive homozygous parents produce heterozygous offspring. Test cross demonstrated that F1 generation was heterzygous.