Spanish influence permeates New Mexico. Caravans of Spanish colonizers making the six-month trek northward brought mining and forging techniques to the Indians, teaching them to use metals for weapons, tools and art. They also brought cattle and sheep and taught the Indians how to raise them. They introduced horses, which would eventually be used in warfare against them. They even brought the wheel, opening the door to a new world of technology.
Hispanic influence is visible in architecture, folk art, contemporary art and clothing.
It shines forth in the farolitos that light the way for Christmas. It rings out in festive mariachi music and Spanish radio and television broadcasts. English is the primary language of the state, but 38 percent of the population is of Hispanic origin, while 9 percent is Native American. Many place names, as well as family names, are Spanish. New Mexico is a mosaic where various cultural ingredients intermingle and complement each other, while each retains its basic identity.