Trichomoniasis is a common cause of vaginitis in women and can lead to urethritis and prostatitis in men. Diagnosis and treatment are discussed in Chs. 164 and 238. Renal biopsy reveals glomerular disease with increased mesangial cells and matrix and electron-dense deposits. A causal relationship between nephropathy, hematuria, and proteinuria and leishmaniasis is uncertain because most patients also have considerable malnutrition and intercurrent infections. For diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis, see Ch.
Malaria causes various renal disorders.
Transient glomerular lesions, mild proteinuria, and microscopic hematuria may be found, but hypertension and edema are usually absent. Histologic lesions resemble those in other immune complex diseases. In adolescents and adults, renal failure with the nephrotic syndrome is common. Histologic findings are typical of immune complex glomerulonephritis. Spontaneous remission of established quartan malarial nephrotic syndrome is very rare.