Balance, gait and coordination dysfunctions affect not only the ability to exercise, but in turn can be improved with exercise. Neurological changes associated with aging can cause dysfunction to both static and dynamic balance. A thorough assessment of balance, gait and coordination will help a clinician determine a safe form of exercise. Swimming or water aerobics are safe activities for the balanced impaired. In order to improve strength and endurance one can change the intensity, duration, frequency, mode or progression of the exercise.
Exercise intensities can range from very easy to strenuous.
Generally, exercise programs for the elderly begin at very low intensities. If the person is able to exercise for 20-30 minutes with no adverse signs or symptoms of stress, then intensity can gradually be increased. The most common prescription for exercise is for low impact, moderate intensity forms of exercise. Success in ADL's and independent living don't require intense anaerobic efforts, so anaerobic levels of exercise are rarely recommended for the elderly. However, there are examples, in many sports, of the elderly successfully exercising vigorously well into older age.