A standing army was the novelty of late 19th-century sociey. Business and governmnetal civil services were other large organizations that developed around the same time. It has become clear that organizaton is not an absolute. It is a tool for making people productive in working together. As such, a given organizational strcture fits certain taskes in certain conditions and at certain times.
Hierarchy is the oly hope in a crisis.
What is the right organization to handle crisis is not the right organization for all tasks. Sometimes the team approach is the right answer. There are thus vast differences in organizational structure according to the nature of the task. They share most of the same problems, a Catholic diocese is organized very differently from an opera company. A modern army is organized very differently from a hospital.