The third area paper is written on a topic in the student's particular area of interest, is the final stage of qualifying exams, and usually serves as a stage in dissertation research. Following the proposal hearing and committee approval, the student proceeds with dissertation research and writing, working closely with the dissertation chair and committee members. When the candidate has finished the final draft of the dissertation, an oral defense is scheduled. Revisions may be recommended at this time. Upon receipt of final approval from the committee, the dissertation is signed and filed with the Graduate Division, and the degree is conferred.
Employment depends on several factors, one being willingness to relocate.
Graduates typically find positions in academia, research institutes, government, and teaching. Others take postdoctoral appointments, which can provide useful networking opportunities as well as the chance to pursue additional research, prepare papers for publication, and develop a professional curriculum vita .