In other runs, the result was almost entirely copper, with a small amount of titanium and iron. A color photo of this man-made copper is available. The fact that the copper could not have been due to contamination was subsequently confirmed by processing cell blanks along with the thorium test samples, in which the only difference in the solutions placed into the reaction vessel was the presence or absence of dissolved thorium nitrate. Likewise, two of the four isotopes of titanium in another run differed from natural isotopic abundance ratios. To produce one-tenth of a gram of copper and titanium isotopes so dramatically different than what occurs in nature, emphasizes the impossibility of a hoax or error.
Electric current is run through the cell for less than one hour.
To ascertain that no radioactive elements remain in the cell, it is disassembled and each part monitored for radioactivity. Even though such amounts of contaminants were already not to be present, a blank test was also prepared and subjected to the reaction process, in which the sole difference between the blank run and the actual run was the absence or presence of thorium nitrate in the solution introduced into the reaction chamber. Traditionally, science has been based upon openness and peer-reviewed publications, with no details omitted, and widespread acceptance contingent upon independent replication and confirmation. Therefore, most LENR experiments have been bootlegged at government or corporate laboritories or privately funded. After June 19, the merely curious may consult the Cincinnati Group's forthcoming web page.