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Exercise and a proper diet are often enough to keep cholesterol at a safe level. Atherosclerosis involves the accumulation of fat in the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. These areas are susceptible to changes such as the development of clots, small areas of hemorrhage and spasms, which eventually could lead to heart attacks. Because cholesterol collects in the arteries, all men should have their cholesterol level measured when they reach their 30s, according to C. Tissa Kappagoda, director of preventive cardiology at UC Davis Medical Center.