In the case of consumption the benefits are likely to be mainly satisfaction from consumption. For a firm, the benefits will be the revenue received from the sale of the good or service. It shows how profitable the firm is. The higher the margin the better. A progressive tax is a tax that takes an increasing proportion of income as income rises.
Income tax is an example of a progressive tax, as the rate increases as a person earns more.
Public goods Public goods are goods that would not be provided in a pure free-market system. An example of this is defence. It is impossible to charge people for defence as they consume it as the whole country is being defended at once. Also one person being defended does not stop others being defended. In other words it the amount that their spending exceeds their tax revenue by.