See, Covaleskie on disciplinary power. So do Mann and Zatz. Institutional racism is increasingly recognized as being enabled by the wicked little unstated assumptions that make up the structural foundation for the rules. This is one of the by-products of using extrinsic rewards instead of cultivating intrinsic motivation. The extrinsic rewards pave the way to inflexible rules.
Identities are complex and contextual.
One may be more dominant at given times, but all matter, both individually as we gather experience and shape it into a personal perception of and interaction with the world in which we exist, and socially, as we take our place in the community. I can't account for them all. But here's what I mean. What I experience shapes what I think of myself and of others, of my community. At the same time, my actions become part of the sum of the community's perception.