Mechanical scarification works best for small seed lots. Seed from natural populations of some subspecies are available from India and some Sahelian countries. The species can be direct seeded or established by seedlings. Frequent root pruning is advised. Nursery grown seedlings are usually outplanted after 6 months, but in some cases stay in the nursery up to a year.
Establishment varies depending on the site.
Seedlings are shade intolerant. In irrigated plantations in the Sind and Punjab, 10-15 seeds are spot sown at 2x3 m spacing on the tops of trenches. Further thinning occurs at 5 year intervals. Rotations are 20-25 years. A wide range of pests and diseases affect this species.