Looking for patterns in data. Making and testing predictions. Shadows are caused by objects blocking light from a bright, non-extended source.
Light travels in straight lines.
The shape of a shadow cast depends on the shape and orientation of the object casting the shadow. The size of a shadow cast depends on the size of the object and the distance from the light to the shadow and the distance from the light to the object. The phases of the moon are the result of the moon casting a shadow on itself. Night on the earth is the time when we are in the earth's shadow. The part of the earth near the poles can remain in the shadow or in the sunlight 24 hours per day at some times of the year due to the earth's tilt.