Port construction has replaced much reef area, and now tourism development is causing damage through solid waste and sewage pollution. The Aqaba Marine Nature Reserve is not actively managed, but is legally protected. Destructive fishing is illegal, and coral collecting and spearfishing are forbidden. The area is the focus of the proposed Red Sea Marine Peace Park. Kuwait Kuwait has very limited reef growth, not exceeding 4 km 2 .
Isolated corals grow on rocky outcrops, and there are some reefs around offshore cays.
Oil pollution and sedimentation cause the largest impacts, and many reefs were impacted during the Gulf War, with some long-term effects of oil pollution. Sewage, outbreaks of sea-urchins, and damage from anchors are other problems. There are no marine protected areas, although some islands are recommended for protection. There are 91coral species in 54 genera, with about 200 reef fish species. Others include infrequent episodic rain, coral bleaching and cancer, black and white diseases, and oil pollution.