The electric motor Electric motors are another very important electromagnetic device. Electromagnets show us why magnets are dipoles. The magnetic field is a result of electrons in circular motion. Right hand rule. Lets look at permanent magnets at the atomic scale.
Magnetism is related to spinning electrons.
Most electrons are paired off in orbitals, we ll get into that later. While in pairs they spin in opposite directions. So only lone electrons can spin without another electron offsetting the effect. And they cannot be bonded to other atoms, because then they get paired off again. Co because they have 4 or 5 unpaired electrons each.