Children as young as three were among his 34 known victims. Poised for a historic victory, Mandela promised forgiveness, reconciliation, consensus. Joan of Arc enters Orleans, France, and defeats English. 1628 Sweden and Denmark sign defence treaty against Duke of Wallenstein, bringing Sweden into the Thirty Years' War. 1781 French fleet under Admiral Suffren prevents Britain from seizing Cape of Good Hope.
Liberal constitution is promulgated in Portugal for a hereditary monarchy.
1841 Explorer Edward Eyre's overseer, John Baxter, is murdered by two Aborigines travelling with them on east-west crossing of Australia. 1862 New Orleans falls to Union forces in the American Civil War. 1913 Swedish Engineer Gideon Sundback patents an improved version of the zipper. The Easter Rising in Dublin collapses as Irish nationalists surrender to British authorities. Germany's main offensive on Western Front in World War I ends.