Tree growth on compacted or rocked road surfaces is generally much slower than adjacent areas unless the roadbed is mechanically ripped. Mulches can also be purchased in rolls that can be secured to the ground. Rock armor is generally preferable because it is more permanent and adjusts its position when there is minor channel downcutting. Erosion control measures such as mulch or silt fences are often needed for the first year or two following road closure. Early successional plants, eg. grass and legumes, can come in quickly and reduce surface erosion while improving soil condition.
Legumes add nitrogen to poor soil.
Trees and shrubs are established more slowly but provide longer-lasting cover and stronger root systems to enhance slope stability. Mulches increase seedling establishment by improving germination and controlling erosion until the plants become established. Seeding can be done by hand or vehicle or by hydraulic seeding from a pump truck or trailer. The seed must be evenly distributed to provide continuous cover. Fertilizers may be necessary in severely disturbed sub-soils and cutbanks.