As a result of the ratification debates, the first ten Amendments to the Constitution were added in the form of the Bill of Rights, based in large part on the Virginia Declaration of Human Rights . Democratic Republicans James Madison , Alexander Hamilton , John Jay. No presidents after John Adams . Gives Republicans the mantle of free speech. One of these, John Marshall , Secretary of State under John Adams, becomes Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
High tariffs tend to favor Northern industrial economies.
In 1803, Marshall, in Marbury v. Madison , establishes Federal judicial review of Acts of Congress. Panic of 1819 Inflames resentment over high tariffs, distrust of banks, and regional differences over the use of paper money. In McCulloch, the power of states to tax the Bank of the United States is invalidated. In Dartmouth, the power of the state of New Hampshire to alter the charter of Dartmouth College is declared unconstitutional, with Daniel Webster arguing for Dartmouth. Northern Republicans attempted to ban slavery in Missouri statehood bill.