Therefore, all children should have formal audiograms by 6 months of age and hearing should be monitored at each office visit. In addition to otitis media, there is also a higher incidence of sinusitis and obstructive sleep apnea. The major musculoskeletal abnormalities are hypotonia and hyperextensibility which contribute to gross motor delays. It is important to remember, however, that individuals can be symptomatic with normal neck films and, therefore, a thorough neurologic examination should be done at each office visit. A variety of endocrine abnormalities may occur in Down syndrome.
Males are usually infertile.
In monitoring growth, it is important to use Down syndrome growth charts. Obesity becomes a problem with age and nutritional counseling and an activity program should be started early to keep weight under control. Routine dental care is also important as crowding, periodontal disease, and caries can develop. The major question raised by families has to do with the intellectual potential of a child with Down syndrome. The average IQ is 40-77, but this is a poor indication of their ability to function in society.