By the time we get them in kindergarten, they're already formed. We can only work with what we get. If they are used to rote learning, turning them on to discussion style is a challenge.
Influence is a neutral term, and can be either positive or negative.
True, in my experience. This can be a negative. Prior knowledge attitude and skills should be the basis for instructional decisions. I've experienced this principle first hand in recent weeks, once again studying NT administration. I first try to find out what they know or think they know and figure out how to adjust an already-prepared syllabus to fit what needs to be done to move on.