Other effects in animals include a reduced ability to fight infection. These effects have not been adequately studied in people. Animal studies suggest that 1,2-dichloroethane is not likely to harm the ability to reproduce or cause an increase in the number of birth defects. Animal studies show that direct contact with 1,2-dichloroethane can cause damage to the skin and eyes. The Department of Health and Human Services has determined that 1,2-dichloroethane may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.
Human studies are inconclusive.
Several studies have not shown an increase in tumors in workers exposed to 1,2-dichloroethane. One study found an increase in colon and rectal cancer in people exposed by drinking contaminated water, but other chemicals were also present in the water. There is good evidence from animal studies that ingesting large amounts of 1,2-dichloroethane causes an increase in a variety of tumors. In some animal studies, it caused cancer when breathed or absorbed through the skin. Tests are available that measure levels of 1,2-dichloroethane in breath, blood, breast milk, and urine.