Reinforcement theory - this does not depend on perception, but on the actual reward for a certain behavior. Explain the motivation implications of expectancy theory for management practice. The key to expectancy theory is understanding an individual's goal, the linkage between effort and performance, between performance and rewards, and between rewards and individual goal satisfaction. The expectancy theory recognizes that there is no universal principle for explaining everyone's motivation. To maximize motivation in today's increasingly diverse workforce, managers need to be flexible.
Employees have different personal needs and goals that they're trying to satisfy through their job.
Offering various types of rewards to meet these diverse needs can be highly motivating for employees. Yes, managers could use goal-setting theory to encourage and support diversity efforts by establishing goals to do just that. Employees will be motivated to put forth effort directed at job performance. The drawbacks could be that employees might be tempted to use unethical means to reach job performance levels. Also, focusing on performance might mean that employees are less willing to help each other out in completing important tasks.