Lupus-like antibodies can result in infertility as well as recurrent miscarriage. And then there are of course the unknown reasons. Assisted Reproductive Techniques AI-Artificial Insemination. This is a technique established long before Louise Brown or Patrick Steptoe. Sperm is injected into the uterus from a vaginal approach.
Fertilization still takes place in the fallopian tube, like normal.
In Vitro Fertilization. This is the legacy of Dr. Steptoe . Ultrasound , to follow the follicles so stimulated during ovulation induction. Egg retrieval , via ultrasound-guided needles to suction the eggs out of the follicles. Insemination in a dish, with resulting conception of one or more embryos.