Previously underappreciated, this ion is now established as a central electrolyte in a large number of cellular metabolic reactions, including DNA and protein synthesis, neurotransmission, and hormone-receptor binding. It is a component of GTPase and a cofactor for Na-K ATPase, adenylate cyclase, and phosphofructokinase.
Magnesium is also necessary for the production of parathyroid hormone.
Accordingly, magnesium deficiency has an effect on multiple body functions. Magnesium is present in greatest concentration within the cell and is the second most abundant intracellular cation after potassium. The total body content of magnesium is 2000 mEq. The majority of the body's magnesium is found in bone. Magnesium, a component of chlorophyll, is absorbed in the small bowel by active and passive transport mechanisms.