Symptoms of neurotoxicity include muscle weakness, loss of sensation and motor control, tremors, cognitive alterations and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Adverse effects can include birth defects, low birth weight, and functional or behavioral weaknesses that show up as the child develops. Endocrine toxicity can harm human and animal reproduction and development. Adverse effects on the normal functioning of the immune system, caused by exposure to a toxic chemical. Changes in immune function could produce higher rates of infectious diseases or cancer, or more severe cases of those diseases.
Immunotoxic chemicals can also cause auto-immune disease or allergic reactions.
Reproductive toxicity may be expressed as alterations in sexual behavior, decreases in fertility or fetal loss during pregnancy. Some official definitions of reproductive toxicity, for example in California's Proposition 65, include developmental toxicity as part of reproductive toxicity. Exposures to coal dust and cadmium, for example, have been shown to cause adverse changes to the musculoskeletal system. Examples of musculoskeletal diseases which can be caused by exposure to toxic chemicals include the bone disorders arthritis, fluorosis, and osteomalacia. The adverse effects on the heart or blood systems which result from exposure to toxic chemicals.