But it is the history of a people of stubborn peasants who work hard in their rice fields and leave their marks in the landscape. One finds in this history two thousand years of constant fight against the soil, water , and nature, which translates into not only a close attachment to the land but also an intimate and profound agreement between these peasants and this nature. In spite of the Chinese occupation for one millenium, the Vietnamese ingrained of their culture, have preserved their language although it was transcribed in Chinese characters and later romanized after the arrival of Alexandre de Rhodes . It is those that have been transmitted from one generation to the next by the frail men whose feet are buried in the mud of the rice field. This sacrifice is found time and again in the Annals of the history of Vietnam.
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