These should be level 3 projects. Some personal input is needed to avoid just a display project. Mining - coal, iron ore, etc. The River Topographic Mapping Tides EarthQuakes and Associated measuring devices Hurricanes Collect and Identify minerals and rocks exposed in local area.
Light is Affected passing through water e.g. viewing objects under water, formation of rainbows.
Can you measure how much dew is formed in a square meter. Can you construct your own thermometer to keep your own records. Measure the rainfall over a period of time and compare it with the daily weather reports. Field Studies - plant and animal life in the school grounds, a creek or stream, a grassy field, a tree, a home garden, a balanced aquarium, during winter.