Bleeding gums are not the most characteristic feature of scurvy. The hyperkeratotic hair follicle with surrounding hyperemia or hemorrhage is almost pathognomonic. A positive capillary fragility test is an almost constant finding, and anemia is common. Bleeding, coagulation, and prothrombin times are normal. In adults, scurvy must be differentiated from arthritis, hemorrhagic diseases, and gingivitis.
Joint symptoms are due to bleeding around or into the joint.
The presence of petechial hemorrhages plus blood studies aids in diagnosis. The usual maintenance doses can then be given. In scorbutic patients, therapeutic doses of ascorbic acid restore the functions of vitamin C in a few days. The signs and symptoms usually disappear over 1 to 2 wk. Chronic gingivitis with extensive subcutaneous hemorrhage may take somewhat longer.