In both instances, the risk is quite small. The cholera germ is passed in the stools. It is spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated by the fecal waste of an infected person. This occurs more often in underdeveloped countries lacking adequate water supplies and proper sewage disposal. People exposed to cholera may experience mild to severe diarrhea, vomiting and dehydration.
Fever is usually absent.
Because of the rapid dehydration that may result from severe diarrhea, replacement of fluids by mouth or by the intravenous route is critical. Antibiotics, such as tetracycline, are also used to shorten the duration of diarrhea and shedding of the germs in the feces. A vaccine is available for travelers to certain foreign countries where cholera is occurring. The single most important preventive measure is to avoid consuming foods or water in foreign countries where cholera occurs unless they are known to be safe or have been properly treated.