If complete Freund's adjuvant is necessary, the following guidelines have been put together in order to minimize animal discomfort. Complete Freund's adjuvant should only be used for the first antigen dose. Subsequent injections should be with incomplete Freund's. Footpad injections with complete Freund's adjuvant are not acceptable. Injections of complete Freund's adjuvant should be subcutaneous or intraperitoneal.
Intradermal injections can cause skin ulceration and necrosis.
Intramuscular injections may lead to temporary or permanent lameness. Intravenous injections have been known to produce pulmonary lipid embolism. The injection site shall be monitored regularly for evidence of severe inflammation, large granuloma or ulceration. The veterinary staff must be contacted if any of these symptoms occur. Animals must be observed for evidence of pain, distress or infection resulting from the injection.