Block-faulting and uplifting occurred. The present day Panama Rocks formation was most dramatically affected by a glacier in the last Ice Age, about 10,000 years ago. The weight and pressure of the glacier accelerated widening of fractures in the rock, creating thousands of crevices and alley passageways. When the glacier melted, this unique rock outcrop was first revealed. Eventually a forest grew over the site.
Dominant species are beech, maple, cherry, ash, birch and hemlock.
It is said that the forest has never been harvested for timber, and some of the trees are very old. The soil is thin and poor. In search of vital nutrients, the trees send their roots snaking over rocks, down cliffs and deep into crevices. Ferns, mosses and wildflowers abound. Spring is the best time to enjoy flowers, fragrances and birds.