The French sparked interest with the works of Dr. Nogier who from 1951 to 1996 produced a great deal of research on ear acupuncture which today is used as the basis of treatment for addictions and compliments oriental body acupuncture. This pioneer died in 1996 and his works are now being published for the first time in English. In these countries there are some 232,000 traditional Chinese medical doctors and 50 institutes producing 30,000 traditional Chinese medical doctors annually. Korea has developed very effective hand acupuncture which compliments other acupuncture modalities. Russia since the end of the cold war has revealed research done behind the iron curtain that has contributed to sonic and reflexolgy treatments today.
Japan has junior colleges of acupuncture.
There are 8500 Japanese doctors in the Oriental Medical Association developing methodology in acupuncture to compliment western medicine. In America there are about 8000 acupuncturists. 16 acupuncture schools, and 2 medical schools teaching acupuncture. UCLA medical school has been teaching acupuncture to physicians under the leadership of Dr. In 18 states, only doctors can perform acupuncture.