Similar effects are seen in the gas planets. The differential rotation extends considerably down into the interior of the Sun but core of the Sun rotates as a solid body. Radiation pressure is the outward force that the Sun exerts on small dust particles, and it is the force that blows comet tails away from the Sun. Sunspots are caused by complicated and not very well understood interactions with the Sun's magnetic field. Huge clouds of gas erupt from the area of the sunspot called a prominence.
Flares are very active sunspot sites.
During the years of maximum sunspot activity, solar particles shooting off the sun affect the magnetic field and upper atmosphere of the earth. The solar wind and the much higher energy particles ejected by solar flares can have dramatic effects on the Earth ranging from power line surges to radio interference to the beautiful aurora borealis. The solar particles crash into the earth s atmosphere, and excite the gas atoms there, and cause them to glow. The Sun is about 4.5 billion years old. Since its birth it has used up about half of the hydrogen in its core .