Each subject was paid 1,000 yen. The test scores for each subject are shown in Table 1, along with the successful recognition rates. Despite the change in phonological structures of the MAL words, the machine recognition performance was not improved. Subjects in the Active Condition scored as high as their Passive Condition counterparts in all the tests. These performance records were virtually the same as those of the passive learners in Exp.
Further investigation is needed to construct an alternative explanation.
In the present paper, the following three topics are briefly discussed. However, the present results contradict this interpretation. Therefore, it should be concluded that the recognition errors could not explain the poor performance of the subjects. Therefore, the improvement of the MAL learning should be attributed to this change. Besides, the MAL words were pronounced in accordance with the Japanese phonological conventions.