See also his articles in Tseghaus magazine and the pamphlet Bitva na Kalke 31 May 1223, Izdatel'stvo Izograf, Moskva, 1994. There are a few, but excellent, illustrations and extensive text describing how kol'chugi and some other types of armor were manufactured in Sbornik nauchnikh trudov po materialam gosudarstvennoi oruzheinoi palata - Gosudarstvennaya oruzhyenaya palata moskovskogo kremlya , published in 1954 by Iskusstvo, Moskva. To return to or access the main page on Russia please go to Xenophon. Part III - Illustrations of individuals wearing complete armor. Table - showing usage by century.
Historians divide the development of arms and armor in Russia into three periods.
The second period began in the 13th century with a transition to a more Eastern, Mongol and Tatar-influenced style of weaponry during which sabers, round shields and eastern style body armor appeared in general use. At the beginning of the 17th century the third period saw the gradual introduction of Western influences and the Oriental styles wained slowly. Here is an illustration of a wide variety of arms and armor worn and carried by members of the St. Petersburg, Alexander Nevski Society. An extensive list of web sites on all aspects of military history is located in the military history section of the main Xenophon web site. Here we mention several excellent web sites related to arms and armor.