To identify causes of infertility, menstrual irregularity, or precocious puberty. Elevated levels indicate possible disorders. Oral contraceptives lower estradiol levels. To identify causes of infertility, abnormal bleeding, or galactorrhea. See chapter 9.
High levels occur normally during pregnancy, breast-feeding, and after a hysterectomy.
Otherwise, high levels indicate a prolactin-secreting tumor. Many drugs, including estrogens and antihypertensives, can cause elevated levels. Abnormally high levels in women may indicate a malfunction of the ovaries. To determine cause of hirsutism, amenorrhea, or infertility. Abnormally high levels may indicate an adrenal gland disorder.