Electrochemical detection is an often overlooked, though extremely sensitive, transduction method.
Tailored modification of electrode surfaces leads to sensors of increased sensitivity and specificity. Electrode modifiers that we utilize for molecular recognition range from molecular receptors to large proteins such as enzymes and antibodies. Characterisation of the operating mechanisms and controlling kinetics in the systems proposed may lead to an improved understanding of electrochemical and enzymatic reactions and receptor-ligand interactions. Application of modified electrodes to environmental and clinical detection of enzyme substrates and inhibitors, neurological receptor agonists and antagonists and antibodies and antigens is proposed. Reagentless enzymatic sensor for toxic pollutants Enzyme substrates, co-factors and modulators are important, thus methods for their analysis are essential.