Assurance that students are understanding the question . Provision of time for students to formulate a covert response . Student accountability for overt responses . When teachers increase the time they wait after asking questions, all of the following changes tend to occur except one. Lower-achieving students contribute more .
Fewer students fail to respond .
When teachers increase the time they wait following a student response, all of the following changes occur except one. Students lose confidence in their answers . Students ask more questions . Students respond with longer answers . The teacher directs a question to Student D, who offers a complete and correct response.