Consequently, not all department heads appointed from the ranks of Parliament, are members of the Cabinet. One member of the Cabinet, the Lord Chancellor, is, exceptionally and traditionally, from the House of Lords. The Lord Chancellor is the senior legal minister in the Cabinet. The Lord Chancellor is also responsible for appointing judges and he or she presides over the Final Court of Appeal. Each has its own court system and body of laws.
English law is derived from English common law with a heavy influence of medieval Germanic sources.
Scottish common law is derived from Roman law roots but has, over the past few centuries, developed many affinities with the English common law. In general, barristers alone can plead before the most senior courts, whereas only solicitors can meet with clients and provide direct legal advice. The Law Society of England and Wales certifies solicitors for England and for Wales. Scotland and Norther Ireland have their own professional bodies. Qualifications are restricted to the jurisdiction of call.