A policy is a guide that establishes parameters for making decisions. Nonprogrammed decisions are unique decisions that require a custom-made solution. Lower-level managers typically confront familiar and repetitive problems and rely on programmed decisions. As managers move up the levels of the organization, the problems tend to become more ill-structured. However, few managerial decisions in the real world are either fully programmed or nonprogrammed.
Managers have different sytles when it comes to making a decision and solving problems.
We want to look at two different views. A. One view proposes that there are three different ways managers approach problems in the workplace. A problem avoider ignores information that points to a problem. These individuals don't want to confront problems. Problem solvers try to solve problems when they come up.