Folktales are common in all countries, universal in nature. Since a folktale has been told by many storytellers, there are versions or variations for every country. Because it has been handed down through the ages, its origin is lost. English versions of many foreign tales are usually available in the school library and the public library. There is a type of literature for every need, so to speak.
Folktales provide a fairly clear and uncomplicated example of a type of literature.
Through the use of a simple genre like the folktale, we can help children understand that there are different types of literature. The various types can be defined by characteristics noted. At least in broad sweeps, students can begin to distinguish folktales, fairy tales, short realistic fiction, fantasy fiction, and nonfiction that ranges from personal essays to descriptions, analyses, explanations, humor, and so on. It is not necessary for children to define every piece of literature that they read, though the elementary school curriculum certainly should provide a wide range of genres. The range of types assures us not only of exposing students to the scope of materials available to them, but also of offering them the opportunity to feel the experiences of life through fantasy, poetry, and analysis.