One of the most interesting areas of development is the creation of new plants through the use of genetic engineering. This science allows us to produce healthier and more nutritious foods. This DNA has small particles called genes which carry the instruction codes for the characteristics of all life forms. A single plant has about 100,000 genes which direct development through its life cycle. Ever since scientists found ways to identify genes with special characteristics and transfer them from one type of organism to another, they have been working to improve the features of our food plants.
Every organism has two sets of chromosomes which are copies of genetic information.
During reproduction genes will come together with matching pairs of chromosomes and rearrange themselves through a splicing process. Biotechnology specialists can sometimes help nature by identifying desirable characteristics and introducing them into the cells that will become new plants. Plants modified in this way are called transgenic. When electrophoresis is complete, a unique band pattern is formed. This is the DNA fingerprint.