Although many people think of geology as the study of rocks, the scope of geology is in fact broader and much more vital. Geology is integral to the resolution of such global problems as environmental pollution, adequate reserves of non-renewable energy sources, groundwater protection and resources, and scarcity of industrially critical ore deposits. Geology has two major branches. Physical geology emphasizes the study of earth materials, of features found on and in the earth, and of the processes now operating that make the earth a dynamic system. The physical geologist might study the nature of the deposits in the area of a river, the way the river erodes or transports material, and ways to predict the effects of a flood.
Historical geology unravels the earth's history, past natural events, and past life on earth.
Knowing the types and origins of rocks in which petroleum occurs, for example, geologists can guide oil drillers to likely sites, saving considerable cost. The Department of Geology at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale has extensive course and research offerings for undergraduate, master's, and doctoral study in geology. The Department of Geology has a strong program in all major geologic subdisciplines, including geomorphology, hydrogeology, structural geology, sedimentology, paleontology, petrology, mineralogy, ore deposits, geochemistry, Quaternary geology, coal geology, environmental geology, petroleum geology, and geophysics. Field trips to geological sites are regular features of our curriculum. Curriculum Students majoring in geology can choose either a Bachelor of Arts or a Bachelor of Science degree.