COP is the supreme body of the convention. It currently meets once a year to review the Convention's progress. The first COP was held in Berlin in 1995, the second in Geneva in 1996. The targets set under the Kyoto Protocol are differentiated. These terms are defined under the Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Emissions trading is included in the Kyoto Protocol.
It provides participating parties with the opportunity to reduce emissions where it is most cost-effective to do so. The Framework Convention on Climate Change, for example, required 50 and entered into force for each party 90 days after that party ratified. These might include, for example, joint implementation, emissions banking, and emissions trading. They are called fossil fuels because they are made of fossilized, carbon-rich plant and animal remains. These remains were buried in sediments millions of years ago and, over geological time, have been converted to their current state.