Associated mineral soils primarily include those developed in reddish, noncalcareous loamy glacial till such as the Ahmeek and Duluth soils and their respective topographic associates. Very poorly drained. Surface runoff is very slow. Permeability is moderately rapid. Most of this soil is in native vegetation which consists of deciduous-coniferous forest, coniferous forest, or low growing brush.
Dominant species are white cedar, black ash, black spruce, tamarack, alder, and willow.
Carlton County, Minnesota, 1973. Refer to MAES Central File Code Nos. 1447 and 1448 for results of some laboratory analyses of two pedons of this series.