The multileveled hierarchy is the most common form of authority structure. However, alternate models exist and their application to space deserves careful consideration. Centralization of authority is desirable to the extent that central authorities have good communication with remote units and a good understanding of their situation. However, as missions last longer and become more remote from Earth, the effectiveness of Earth-based, centralized authority may decline. Truly large crews will require leadership at many different levels.
Future spaceflights are likely to be marked by pressures toward increased specialization.
Among the work roles that are likely are flight operations, scientific-investigative, environmental support, personnel support, and production roles. Formal roles that are specified in advance by mission planners and managers will tend to be supplemented or even replaced by emergent or informal roles. Role-related conflicts could emerge. Some roles may be seen as more important than others, and occupants of certain roles may form blocs or factions which are antagonistic to other groups. Role rotation also could encourage creative problem solving and introduce welcome changes of pace into an otherwise monotonous routine.