A circle system contains 2 one way valves. All trauma patients should have their airway assessed and secured before having a long bone fracture reduced. All trauma patients who are intubated should have a nasogastric tube passed. Patients with myopia have greater risk of orbit puncture with peribulbar blocks. The juxtaglomerular complex produces angiotensin.
Infants have a lower closing volume than adults.
In spontaneous respiration with an Ayres T piece, a FGF of 2-3 x minute volume is required. Thiopentone can be given by intraosseous injection. Pyloric stenosis is a surgical emergency and should be operated on as soon as is possible. A morphine infusion is the best form of post- op analgesia in a patient for a gastrectomy with TB bronchiectasis. Acts at the NMDA receptor.