Without dilation of the pupil, early stages of diabetic retinopathy may be missed. Through a dilated fundus evaluation, the changes that occur in retinopathy can be seen and monitored sooner. With early detection, these complications are more effectively managed. Studies show that 90 percent of blindness due to diabetes can be prevented with early detection and intervention. Risk factors for other diseases, including hypertension and elevated cholesterol levels, are often identifiable in the eyes as well.
Hypertension produces a narrowing of the arteries when blood pressure is significantly elevated.
This can lead to hemorrhages in the retina. The appearance of retinal hemorrhages due to hypertension can be easily distinguished from hemorrhages due to diabetes during a dilated fundus evaluation. Increased levels of lipids and cholesterol may result in plaques or clots in retinal blood vessels, indicating potential risk of stroke. These plaques may also be observed and detected during a dilated fundus evaluation. Neurological disorders, such as Multiple Sclerosis and space occupying tumors in the brain often cause swelling and inflammation of the optic disc.