Both animals are usually kept on a halter. This is by far the most common breeding management practice among llama breeders. This method is better for management because exact breeding dates are known and the handler has more control of the animals. A female who is not going down for a male can be removed rather than forcefully bred. Knowledge of exact breeding dates leads to better estimates of due dates and makes pregnancy diagnosis easier and more accurate.
Due dates are also more accurate.
Hand breeding does take more time for handlers who prepare for and are present throughout the breeding. It also may create a situation where breedings are forced upon a female who is not ready to be bred. Some young females may appear to be accepting of the male's advances, but it can be because he is aggressive and she is overly submissive, not because she is ready to be bred. In addition to a lower rate of ovulation and pregnancy, forced breedings can cause trauma and infections in the reproductive tracts of females which could render them infertile in the future. Llamas used in hand breeding need to be halter trained and comfortable in the presence of people.