Isolate chromosomes from a cell and identify each member of each pair . Karyotype of a cell is a pictorial presentation of the chromosomes of a cell. Chromosomes are usually ordered by size and numbered from largest to smallest. Size large or small . The centromere divides the chromosome into two arms.
Every chromosome has a particular banding pattern.
Dark staining bands are called heterochromatin. Light staining bands are called euchromatin. These regions do contain genes and are said to be active. The process of finding the chromosome location of known genes is called gene mapping. In humans there are 23 pairs of chromosomes and these are further divided into 22 pairs of autosomes, which are numbered 1 through 22.