Mineral resources include dolomite, limestone, natural gas, and industrial sand and gravel. North of the San Saba River the terrain varies from steep to rolling. South of the river it varies from flat with deep local dissection to slightly hilly. Pecan trees are also found in abundance along the Colorado and San Saba rivers. Primary streams include Richland, Wallace, Simpson, Rough, Wilbarger, Brady, and Cherokee creeks.
Indigenous wildlife includes deer, javelinas, coyotes, bobcats, and turkeys.
Rainfall averages 26.19 inches, and the growing season is 227 days. Archeological evidence indicates that Tonkawas, Apaches, Caddoans, and Comanches inhabited the area at different times. Comanches and Lipan Apaches continued to live in the San Saba County area into the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, often coming into conflict with Spanish missionaries, United States military forces, and Anglo-American settlers. Ceballos, qv passed through the vicinity. The original surveys of present San Saba County indicate that the first land grants, of a league each along the San Saba River, were given to Spanish grantees.