As with many science related hobbies, there are a few new words you'll have to add to your vocabulary. This glossary is not meant to be an exhaustive list of techno-definitions.
Larger apertures allow the telescope to collect more light and see fainter objects.
A degree is subdivided into minutes and seconds, much like an hour is. Ask Nancy Reagan. When two or more celestial objects are very close together in the sky, they are said to be in conjunction. They appear close only because of our perspective, or line of sight. In reality, they are usually very far apart in space.