We said that race is a complex issue. All perspectives can help cast some light on the issue. Weberian Approaches Castles and Kosack cited above are marxists, and we shall return to marxism at the end. But it is already clear that racial discrimination has a number of social dimensions. Labour markets inevitably link with other social and political goods in their 'distributive' markets too.
Immigrants especially face multiple discriminations.
We do not have to insist that economic factors are somehow more fundamental than the rest. We can pursue a Weberian strategy of complexity in stratification. Type and location of housing is an important aspect of stratification at both subjective and objective levels. Black residents were very restricted in the style and location of housing to which they could get access- restricted by low incomes and poor borrowing potential, and prejudice and hostility by white landlords, agents and vendors, and limited rights in terms of access to council housing. A combination of factors led to black concentration in particular types of poor housing.