Nonverbal messages may also serve to substitute for verbal messages. Nonverbal messages often are used to regulate verbal messages. Communicating Through Space and Distance Proxemic Communication. Proxemics is the study of how people use space and distance to communicate. Territoriality Territoriality is the tendency for individuals to stake out a space they believe is theirs.
Individuals often use nonverbal communication to establish territoriality.
Individuals use territoriality to establish their identity and communicate to others. Communicating Through Body Movement Kinesics is the study of the potential that posture, movement, gestures, and facial expressions have for communication purposes. Ekman and Friesen categorized body movements into five types. Emblems are substitutes for words. Adaptors reveal an individual's internal states.