Only inorganic P is readily available. Deficiency symptoms include rickets, slow growth, anorexia, and general weakness. Only inorganic sources are considered available. Phytin has low availability. Common symptoms include dehydration, irritability, tetany, poor growth, increased cannibalism, and high mortality.
High zinc can induce molting of layers.
Feedstuffs contents are unpredictable. Can be toxic at high levels from dolomitic limestone. Adequate when included at 40-50 ppm. Almost all feedstuffs contain adequate molybdenum. High temperatures increase water consumption.