This procedure can be used to sample intestinal contents, continuously remove fluids, or provide food. The tissue may be analyzed for enzyme activity, examined under a microscope, or evaluated in other ways. Because the stomach and small intestine don't feel pain, the procedure is painless. Fiber-optic video systems allow the endoscope to be flexible while providing both a lighting source and a viewing system. Many endoscopes also are equipped with a small clipper to remove tissue samples and an electric probe to destroy abnormal tissue.
Doctors can get a good view of the lining of the digestive system with an endoscope.
They can see areas of irritation, ulcers, inflammation, and abnormal tissue growth. Usually, they can obtain samples for examination. Endoscopes can also be used for treatment. A doctor can pass different types of instruments through a small channel in the endoscope. Electrocautery can be used to close off a blood vessel and stop bleeding or to remove small growths, and a needle can be used to inject drugs into esophageal varices and stop their bleeding.