The pertinent physical and chemical characteristics of the stream water and sediments of Crooked Creek were documented within and outside the waste discharge influence, and the types and abundance of benthic organisms in the sediments at the bottom of the creek were ascertained. The major sources of wastes are blow-down from the clarifiers and backwash wastewater from activated carbon mixed media filters. Fifty-six sediment samples were collected for physical, chemical, and biological analyses. On the basis of these parameters, the influence of alum sludge discharges was observed to extend between 980 and 5200 feet. Tables list aluminum and iron concentrations in sediments, observed benthic macroinvertebrates, and estimated mass balance of solids.
Figures offer profiles of various water quality parameters for the creek water.
This paper shows how to estimate total input loads to surface water treatment plant, wastes generated from filtration and residues released from clarification. The plant loads include the total suspended solids loading of raw water and residues generated from coagulants such as alum and ferric chloride. The weight and volume of solids generated from filter backwashed can be calculated from analyses of sequential samples. The difference between the input loads and the solids released from the filters is the quantity of solids released from the clarification units.