Nature, v. 230, p. 42-43.
Mantle plumes are areas of hot, upwelling mantle.
A hot spot develops above the plume. Magma generated by the hot spot rises through the rigid plates of the lithosphere and produces active volcanoes at the Earth's surface. As oceanic volcanoes move away from the hot spot, they cool and subside, producing older islands, atolls, and seamounts. As continental volcanoes move away from the hot spot, they cool, subside, and become extinct. Hot spots are places within the mantle where rocks melt to generate magma.