In areas to which refugees have fled, the response from local communities is frequently resentful, sometimes violently so. With an eye to the local population, provincial governments have also tended to offer refugees a cool reception. In North Sulawesi, the local government is taking a tough stance towards its roughly 30,000 refugees, who come mostly from the Moluccas. But the problems have already arrived. First class, however, hardly describes most refugees' lives.
Families often share at best about three square metres of dirt floor.
Nor is medical care. The surgeons asked him for 3 million rupiah. The tensions are fuelling violence within the camps. In West Kalimantan's capital Pontianak, such finger-pointing can turn fatal. In October, six people died in fighting between the Malay and Madurese communities.