The Europeans concentrated their religious efforts on the coastal ports, while Islam continued to spread to people throughout the region. The official language of Senegal is French, although other widely- spoken languages include Wolof, Pulaar, Serer, Diola and Mandingo. Arabic expressions are also widely used, as the majority of the population is Muslim. English-speaking visitors will find that good phrasebooks and knowledge of a few phrases in French, Wolof and Arabic will go far in facilitating communication. Senegal is well known for its arts and handicrafts.
Jewelry is made from gold, silver, bronze, amber and antique beads.
Artisans also produce beautiful baskets, pottery, glass painting, wood carving and fabrics. Locally printed and dyed cotton fabrics are used for traditional and modern clothes, as well as for decorating bags and personal items. Hairstyles, which vary with age and ethnic identity, are often decorated with beads and braids. Senegal has a long and rich musical heritage, and is said by many to have had a strong historical influence on Western musical styles such as blues, calypso and reggae. Senegalese society, which has traditionally been hierarchical, is slowly changing under modern influences.