These skills comprise part of a country's intangible assets, upon which enterprise and social structures are built. Possession of these skills increases and broadens earnings opportunities and directly influences standards of living for individuals and improves economy-wide productivity. Article IV reviews Consultations held by the IMF, under Article IV of its Articles of Agreement, with each of its 182 member countries. These consultations focus on the member's macro-economic policies, the international and regional implications of those policies and the identification of potential vulnerabilities. With the intensified global integration of financial markets, the IMF is also taking into account more explicitly capital account and financial and banking sector issues.
Intellectual property consititutes private property rights over ideas and inventions.
Protection and enforcement regimes comprise legally binding frameworks for registration of IPRs, judicial hearings on competing claims, infringement and penalties, and compliance inspection systems. International capital markets Financial markets which channel savings from one country to investment in another. The transfer can take a variety of forms, for example bank loans, bonds and equities. The collective name for the various official and legal arrangements which govern intrenational financial flows. The main elements are the suveillance and monitoring of economic and financial stability, provision of multilateral finance to countries in balance of payments difficulties, and regulation and supervision of international active financial institutions.