Features and Characteristics There are three types of SB, ranging from mild to severe. Spina bifida occulta is an opening of one or more of the bones of the spinal column and since the spinal cord does not protrude, little or no damage is caused to the spinal cord. It can take the form of a dimple or a small hair growth on the back. It is the most mild form of SB and often times, this type of SB causes no disability at all. Meningocele is a more serious type of SB in which the protective covering around the spinal cord pushes out through an opening in the spinal column, forming a sac or cyst.
Early surgery can correct the problem with little or no damage to the spinal cord.
This type of SB is the least common. In this form, not only does the protective covering get pushed out through an opening of the spinal column, but the spinal cord itself also protrudes, again, forming a sac or cyst. Spinal fluid may leak out and result in a serious infection. The majority of children with learning difficulties will fall within the normal range of intelligence, however many will function at a low average level. The AFP screening measures the amount of AFP in the mother's blood.