The total thickness is about 75-130 m. The chalk is usually white and in some parts of the formation takes the dark color due to the presence of bituminous materials. Lithology and thickness vary greatly because of erosion. Lithology changes from bituminous and phosphatic marl to variegated marl and soft limestone. The pebbles are sometimes siliceous or calcareous.
Limestone forms the main composition of the formation.
It forms a thin coating over the limestone with a thickness of about 10-15 m. Structural Pattern Ramallah District was affected by several tectonic movements which determined the general structure of the area. First, the compressive forces from northwest and southeast dominated, producing the main folds. Second, the minor folds were formed, and finally, forces of shear dominated, producing the main faults. There are many folds in the Ramallah area. The most important one is the E'in Qinya anticline, which was formed by compressive forces from southeast and northwest.