This leads to the symptoms of shortness of breath, lung congestion, chest pain, abdominal bloating and discomfort, liver congestion, loss of appetite, leg and ankle swelling and weight gain or loss. Patients also complain of fatigue, weakness, dizziness and cold or dusky skin, as a result of the low blood supply to the brain, lungs, kidneys and muscles. Heart failure can be caused by a variety of mechanisms, which cause damage to the heart muscle. In younger patients, high thyroid hormones, anemia, kidney disease and pregnancy are potential causes. All patients with CHF should take an active role in their disease management, to improve their overall health and survival.
Lifestyle changes are a crucial part of the treatment plan.
Patients should limit sodium intake to less than 2,000 milligrams a day. Daily weight should be recorded. Aerobic exercise should be a fundamental part of the daily regimen. Ideally, the more exercise the better, with the recommendation to achieve at least 30 minutes of exercise, five days a week. Patients should consult their physician to obtain a prescription for individualized exercise and stress reduction programs.