Numerous groups have found shifts in theology to take place after the death of one leader and the replacement by the successor or have made alterations because of inner strife or outside social pressure. Ties to spiritualistic or spiritistic practices is another trait that may be found in several cults. Such activity includes clairvoyance, automatic writing, claimed angelic direction, and alleged help in spiritual matters from departed loved ones. The uncertain or ambiguous hope of salvation is an additional deceitfully clever device utilized by the cults. A person who never really has the certainty of possessing eternal life can be continually manipulated into striving for unrealizable goals.
Fear becomes the motivator of one s actions.