To do science, one must follow a specific universal methodology. The central theme of this methodology is the testing of hypotheses . The overall goal of science is to better understand the world around us. Various fields of study, like Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Medicine and the Earth Sciences, have used science exclusively to expand their knowledge base. Science allows its practitioners to acquire knowledge using techniques that are both neutral and unbiased .
Explanation is perhaps the most important basic goal of understanding.
Explanation consists of relating observed reality to a system of concepts, laws, or empirically based generalizations. Explanation may also relate observed phenomena to a system of causes, or link them to mechanisms that are hierarchically structured at lower-levels of function. The interaction between observable phenomena and theory is accomplished through explanation and validation. Processes involved in understanding natural phenomena using scientific method . Generalization may be considered to be the condensation of a body of empirical fact into a simple statement.