They tell us if our water is clean enough for people and livestock to drink. They can live longer than most humans. Muskrat middens mirror the variety of mussel species in streams. Before plastics, most buttons were made from the pearly nacre of freshwater mussels. Nearly 300 species of freshwater mussels live in North America, approximately 65 of which live in Missouri waters.
Freshwater mussels live throughout Missouri in a variety of aquatic habitats.
Some species, like the giant floater, are widespread and likely to be found throughout Missouri. Other species, like the purple wartyback, may live in several regions but are found in greatest numbers in areas with particular physiographical characteristics. More commonly known as clams or shellfish, freshwater mussels have been an important source of food, tools, buttons and jewelry. Native Americans relied heavily on mussel meat during the winter months when other food was scarce. They carved mussel shells and shaped them into tools.