This page has moved. Click here to view. In the neonate, enteroviral infection can cause a sepsis-like picture or meningoencephalitis, either of which can be severe. Although treatment of enteroviral infections remains unsatisfactory, immunization against poliovirus has been remarkably successful, and new immunization regimens using live and killed virus vaccines have been developed. In tropical climates, enteroviral infection is seen all year without seasonal variation.
Humans are the only known natural hosts for enteroviruses.
Hepatitis A virus was enterovirus type 72, but recently has been reclassified as a Heparnavirus. Risk factors for infection include poor sanitation, crowded living conditions, and low socioeconomic class. Children younger than 5 years of age are the most susceptible to infection, due Sixty-eight enteroviral serotypes have been identified, but most infections are caused by a small number of these. During annual epidemics of clinical disease, certain serotypes predominate. The incubation period for most enteroviral infections ranges from 3 to 10 days.