Electronic media can be polluted. Dropping an enormous number of cheap jammers into congested areas, such as large cities, can interfere with communications but are extremely difficult to disable fully or quickly. Psychological uses of information warfare can be regarded as pollution. Technology can now be used to make images look real and construct artificial sentences using a speaker's recorded voice. Lies or, worse, the clandestine replacement of real with false messages, pollute trusted media just as chemicals pollute waterways.
Information warfare can involve partition techniques.
Air defense systems are disabled by disconnecting radars from one another and depriving them of air tracks that cue each radar for air threats. Partition is also a way of responding to information warfare. A nation whose citizens, with state complicity, have abused connections to the Internet or the international telephone system to damage the infrastructures of other nations may find as a result that their own external connections are constrained. In cyberspace, both the use of firewalls and the formation of trusted networks among cooperating institutions follow the strategy of warding off the evil outside by ensuring that one's own systems are effectively and cleanly fenced in and communications must pass through increasingly sophisticated gates. The trio of precision, pollution, and partition warfare will probably continue in restless coevolution, growing increasingly sophisticated and information-hungry as they compete with one another.