Urinary tract infection is the result of bacteria that multiply and spread. Bacteria that cause UTI often spread from the rectum to the urethra and then to the bladder or kidneys. Urinary tract infection is more common in women because the urethra is short, making it easy for bacteria to spread. Sometimes bacteria can also spread from another part of the body through the bloodstream to the urinary tract. The cause of UTI is not always known.
Infections can also occur in the ureters or kidneys.
To diagnose a UTI, your health care provider will review your symptoms and examine you. The exam may include a pelvic exam. Your provider will check for tenderness of the bladder or kidney area of your back. A sample of your urine may be tested for bacteria and pus. An IVP is a special type of x-ray of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.