Before the days of affirmative action, an entire token black was par for the course. While I have read and enjoyed some of Gould's work in the past, I now consider him thoroughly unreliable. He staunchly refuses to consider current research and merely recycles arguments from TMM attacking research from the first few decades of the century. Attacks against TBC have centered on the alleged claim that difference in mean intelligence between blacks and whites in the U.S. are genetic in origin. Gould shows a remarkable talent for packing a large number of lies into a single sentence.
Intelligence tests contain multiple subtests measuring different aspects of intelligence.
299-303 where they argue that profile difference among ethnic groups provide circumstantial evidence of genetic differences. They state repeatedly that IQ is of limited value for comparing individuals. It is well worth a guidance counselor's time to know what these individual scores are, but only in combination with a variety of other information about the child's personality, talents, and background. The individuals IQ score all by itself is a useful tool but a limited one. Again on pp.