However, the traditional task division has changed due to lack of male labour. Women are thus increasingly involved in all stages of rice production. Apart from rice, rural households produce a variety of vegetables and fruits in their homegarden. Deforestation is mainly caused by clearing of forests to expand cropping area, and partly by firewood collection. Recently, Vietnam has been experimenting with a programme that allocates forest lands to individual household management.
Households are responsible for responsible for reforestation, protection and management.
Fisheries Vietnam has around 1.4 million ha of inland waters for aquaculture purposes, majority paddy fields and further reservoirs, tidal flats, lagoons and small lakes and ponds. Aquaculture is included in the integrated farming system approach, the VAC system. In addition, Vietnam has marine fisheries along the coast. Both men and women are actively involved in aquaculture. Men are involved in decisions of fish species to be raised, timing for stocking, buying fingerlings, netting and harvesting.