Self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives, diuretics or enemas, strict dieting or fasting, or vigorous exercise are used to rid the body of the unwanted calories and prevent weight gain. The individual feels out of control during the binge, has intense feelings of guilt afterwards, and recognizes that the behavior is not normal. Victims often are able to hide their problem because they eat normally in public and binge and purge in secret. Many are able to maintain a normal body weight. Symptoms and health consequences of self-induced vomiting include dehydration, a sore throat, decaying tooth enamel, swollen salivary glands and cuts on the fingers.
Laxative abuse can lead to severe bouts of diarrhea and constipation.
Up to 5 percent of college women in the United States suffer from bulimia nervosa. Binge eating disorder is similar to bulimia nervosa in that those who suffer may consume extraordinary amounts of food during a single binge. They do not, however, compensate for the binge by purging. The morning after a binge, many experience symptoms similar to a hang-over, which may be so extreme that they are unable to go to school, or function normally. Binge eating is an avoidance-coping mechanism.