It occurs with equal frequency in males and females, and in most cases is preventable. The most common risk factor for CRC is a positive family history. CRC can be prevented by identifying and removing these polyps, through the use of screening sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, before cancerous changes occur.
Early detection is the key to improved survival and cure.
Family history may also reveal individuals with other cancers such as ovarian, endometrial, or stomach. CRC's in such families may represent a less severe type of familial risk. Genes for these types of CRC's have not yet been identified but are being investigated. Screening is recommended earlier and more often for people with a family history of CRC or polyps, and for people with a personal history of inflammatory bowel disease to detect pre-malignant changes or CRC at the earliest stage possible when it is most likely to be treated and cured. If there is a family history of CRC, there is an increased chance of having this genetic alteration.