Ibid., p. 27. A Geographic Profile , p. 10. A Geographic Profile, p. 2. The Gini coefficient of land distribution is 0.26 and is indicative of an egalitarian distribution. Ibid., p. 34.
Economic decline is the fourth factor that is an indicator or social effect of environmental stress.
Although the Rwandan economy was suffering, the effect of environmental stress on the Rwandan economy is difficult to isolate from the effect of the falling coffee prices, the structural adjustment policies, and the disruption of the civil war. A Geographic Profile , p. 2. A Geographic Profile, p. 4. Olson, Demographic Responses to Resource Constraints in Rwanda , pp. This may account for part of the apparent increase in land area and decrease in soil fertility between 1984 and 1990.