Elevated levels may indicate kidney disease although certain other conditions such as dehydration elevate urea nitrogen. Calcium and phosphorus are minerals in the blood controlled by the parathyroid glands, the kidneys and some vitamins. Largely concentrated in the bone, the two minerals also are important for proper body functions. Albumin and globulin are major proteins in the blood and are manufactured in the liver. Abnormal results may be due to kidney disease and poor nutrition.
Globulins contain some proteins, or antibodies, related to the immune system.
Abnormal results may be seen in a variety of conditions including certain malignancies. Total protein measures the sum of the proteins in the blood, primarily albumin and globulin, functioning as a general index to overall health and nutrition. Abnormal values may be due to liver disease, kidney disease and poor nutrition. GGT is particularly sensitive to the effects of alcohol with ingestion of alcohol resulting in increased levels for up to 60 hours. High levels may result when damage to the bones or liver has occurred.