The Tigris-Euphrates and Nile river systems supply much needed water. In spite of price fluctuations, huge reserves of the world s most used energy source permit a continuous flow of revenue to some, but not all countries of this region. Although decreasing in some areas, population growth remains rapid and is becoming more urban. French influence was important. Manufacturing and tertiary activities are increasing.
Egyptian civilization is now Muslim and Arab.
In contrast to Egypt, Sudan is isolated from the world economy. Significant income coming from Egyptians and Sudanese working in the Persian Gulf area has declined. The population is located where water is available, urbanizing rapidly, and growing quickly. Mesopotamia was an early civilization. In response, countries attempt to diversify their economies.