Unfortunately, AFS often recurs despite surgery, and these procedures are not without risks. Bleeding can occur, as can scarring, which can also produce blockage. In the surgical procedure, cartilage around the osteomeatal complex, pieces of the maxillary sinus, and portions of the ethmoid bone are cut away, and mucous plugs and other refuse are aspirated from the area. These samples are then given to a pathologist for staining. As surgery is repeated, it becomes more complicated.
Less anatomy remains in the area situated directly below the brain, and an error can be dangerous.
Yet, cleanup of all polyps and mucin plugs is essential because most cases of AFS recur within one year if left otherwise untreated. Experts are looking for a medical regimen that can help stave off repeat episodes and the need for surgery. In essence, AFS is a vicious cycle. Patients then undergo a follow-up regimen for an indefinite period. They are given allergy shots in an attempt to turn off the IgE response to pertinent fungi.