Axons are long nerve processes which carry nerve impulses from the Soma to other neurons, they vary in length but can become almost as long as half of the human body. Dendrites are short, thick processes which branch out of the soma in a tree like manor. They conduct nerve impulses to the soma. These receptors change the information they receive into electrical impulses that are transmitted to other neurons. In sensory neurons the axons are connected to other neurons.
Effectors are either glands or a muscle cell that is the receiving end of the nerve impulse.
Internuncial Neurons have both the dendrites and the axons are connected to other neurons. They are sometimes referred to as connector neurons. Internuncial neurons are found throughout the body, but especially in the spinal cord and brain. Neurons are specialist cells that have lost the ability to reproduce themselves. Once the soma of a neuron has died the entire neuron dies, and can never be replaced.