In most cases, the cause is related to one or more modifiable factors associated with a Western lifestyle, such as being overweight, high salt and alcohol intake, or physical inactivity. In some cases, the hypertension is related to another disease such as diabetes or kidney disease. In a small percentage of cases, high blood pressure is indicative of underlying problems such as a genetic abnormality, a tumor of the adrenal gland, or a congenital defect of the aorta. High blood pressure significantly increases the risk of heart attack, strokes, kidney disease, and eye damage. The American Heart Association estimates that hypertension killed 38,130 Americans in 1994, and contributed to the deaths of more than 180,000.
Lifestyle changes are among the first lines of defense.
Lowering salt intake, exercising on a regular basis, and eating less may be sufficient to reduce blood pressure to a safe level, and to keep it there. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables and dairy products and reduced in fat and cholesterol can also help control blood pressure. In some instances, you may need to supplement these measures with medications, which your physician will prescribe. Some of these, like diuretics, help rid the system of excess salt. Some, like vasodilators, relax blood vessels.