Critics of the use of nuclear energy cite various problems with its use. The opposition to the use of nuclear energy has grown so strong in recent years, that some reactors have been shut down. Other reactors scheduled for development have been delayed or were never completed because of the social and political pressure exerted by the antinuclear lobby. The debate continues. The Chernobyl nuclear accident lead to a justifiable scepticism about any claims of the safety of nuclear reactors, particularly if those claims come from spokespersons of the industry, who often cite the strict controls and regulations faced by the industry.
Fresh water is circulated through the condensers.
Excess heat is returned to the source. Raising the temperature reduces the oxygen content of the water, creating an environmental stress on many kinds of living organisms. The heated water does, however, offer some possibilities for commercial aquaculture, allowing for warm-water species to be harvested in colder regions. The excess heat can also be used for commercial greenhouses or other applications. Air cooling is possible.