The answer is in the self-organizeg system, that controls it's parameters so as to trend to the critical point. When all those systems go away in one direction, a force pushes them to the opposite direction. Fractals Fractals are geometrical objects. Their fundamental property is tha are scale independent objects, i.e. a scale change leaves them unaltered. The importance of fractals is that they come from physical systems in critical points, near phase transitions and related with chaos.
Fractals can be either regular or irregulas.
The regular fractals image is identical to a scale change, and the irregular ones don't have this property rigorously. An emergent phenomenon is what happens in a system in a descriptive level that cannot be explained though the lower level details are known. In other words, in some systems, the whole is more than the addition of the parts . That is the clue in the field of the complex systems and, in particular, introduces a certain degree of unpredictability that has made the computer simulations so important in this field. It is in this point where the reductionist model doesn't work.