Since the end of the Soviet period, a process of land privatization has been undertaken. About 2.2 million ha are forest, which, under the Forest Code of 1978, cannot be transformed into agricultural cropped areas. Drainage of excess water is one of the main problems for agriculture in this part of the country. Average temperatures vary between 5 C in January and 22 C in July. Drought years are common.
Hail occurs in spring and autumn.
Average temperatures vary between -1 C in January and 22 C in July. The main rivers are, from north to south, the Inguri, Rioni and Chorokhi. The Caspian Sea basin, in the east of the country. In 1925, an agreement with Turkey was reached on the use of water of the Chorokhi River, allocating half of the average surface water flow to each country. Turkey is presently planning to construct a cascade of 11 dams on the Chorokhi River, which will affect the sediment flow and thus the beaches on the Georgian shore.