The sequence of nucleotides, coded in triplets along the mRNA, that determines the sequence of amino acids in protein synthesis. The DNA sequence of a gene can be used to predict the mRNA sequence, and the genetic code can in turn be used to predict the amino acid sequence. The manipulation of an organisms genetic component by introduction or elimination of specific genes through molecular biology techniques. A broad definition of genetic engineering also includes selective breeding and other means of artificial selection. A map of the relative positions of genetic loci on a chromosome, determined on the basis of how often the loci are inherited together.
Distance is measured in centimorgans.
The set of DNA molecules that specify the inherited characteristics of an organism. With a few minor exceptions, every cell in a plant or in an animal's body carries the entire genome within its nucleus. Genotype The genetic makeup of an organism. Genotyping The process of identifying which alleles an organism carries for a specific trait or traits. Germ cell Reproductive cell which gives rise to the gamete.