Although there is a kinship between fallibilism and skepticism , the term fallibilism is usually used to refer only to religious doctrines, such as those of certain Christian thinkers, especially in the Middle Ages.
Formalism usually refers to an over-emphasis in ethics or aesthetics on form over content.
In this sense, both deontologism in ethics and classicism in aesthetics might be described as varieties of formalism. More recently, formalism has been used to describe a twentieth-century view in aesthetics, art history, and literary criticism that values artistic form over artistic content and that is therefore opposed both to representationalism and realism in the arts. The philosophical importance and influence of Freudianism or psychoanalysis derives from its view of human nature, which emphasizes the importance of unconscious forces in determining the beliefs and actions of human beings.