Deer are locally abundant throughout the Piney Woods. Paper pulp production is an important economic pursuit within this region. The Longleaf Pine Forest once dominated the southeastern part of the Piney Woods of Texas. A few pockets of longleaf may still be seen today. The Mixed Pine-Oak Forest occurs to the west and north of the longleaf pine area.
Major dominants are loblolly and yellow pine, and blackjack and post oak.
Hardwood forests of sweetgum, magnolia, tupelo, elm, and ash occur in the lowlands. Swamps are common and are most outstanding in the southern part of the Pine-Oak Forest.