This is also a case where more is less. The muscle cell undergoes considerable trauma during exercise. This trauma leads to soreness and the need to rebuild protein. Recent studies have there is a buildup of free radicals during exercise. This is called oxidative stress.
Free radicals are largely responsible for damage to the muscle cell membrane.
Antioxidants such as Vitamin C and E have been shown to reduce free radical buildup during exercise and protect against muscle damage. Rebuild Muscle Protein Repair of damaged muscle proteins begins immediately after exercise. Insulin stimulates muscle repair by increasing amino acid transport into the muscle. Glutamine may be the most important amino acid in the recovery process. Glutamine stimulates muscle protein synthesis and preserves skeletal muscle mass.