Because of emergent properties across levels of complexity, neither the intermediate locales nor the final stop in atomic subparticles supply the psychological laws of human behavior. The biologizing of psychology is also being promoted by uncritical adoption of one-sided evolutionism. All too often, the multicausality of human behavior is misleadingly framed in terms of partitioning behavioral variance into percents nature and percents nurture. This causal dualism is mistaken for several reasons. It disregards the interdependence of nature and nurture - socially constructed nurture has a hand in shaping nature.
Dualism fails to address fundamental issues concerning the operational aspect of human nature.
Social cognitive theory acknowledges the influential role of evolutionary factors in human adaptation and change. But it rejects one-sided evolutionism, in which social behavior is the product of evolved biology, but social and technological innovations that create new environmental selection pressures for adaptiveness have no effect on biological evolution. In the bidirectional view, evolutionary pressures fostered changes in biological structures for the use of tools, which enabled an organism to manipulate, alter, and construct new environmental conditions. Environmental innovations of increasing complexity, in turn, created new selection pressure for the evolution of specialized biological systems for functional consciousness, thought, language, and symbolic communication. Human evolution provides bodily structures and biological potentialities, not behavioral dictates.