The Moon's shadow does not completely contain the Earth. The solar eclipse alignment of Earth, Moon and Sun does not occur every month, because the Moon's orbit is tilted five degrees from a plane containing the Earth and Sun. A violent eruption of plasma from the chromosphere whipped up by intense magnetic activity. Temperatures quickly soar to 20 million degrees as the flare rises thousands of kilometers above the chromosphere. Sunspots and solar-flare frequency are strongly related.
Flares often disturb the atmosphere electrically, thus interfering with radio transmissions.
The aurora borealis and aurora australis is a result of flare activity injecting energetic particles into Earth's magnetic field . An event in the Earth's orbit where the Sun in the sky at solar noon reaches its highest or lowest altitude during the year. A point in this reference frame is called an event, something that happens in space and time. Physicists and astrophysicists prefer a space-time reference frame to visualize complex events and interactions. Einstein explained that a constant exists between all reference frames, regardless of their motion relative to each other.