If untreated, multi-organ failure and death result. Shock is the final common pathway of numerous disease states. Additional signs of specific underlying disorder should be sought.
Management is generally supportive.
Specific treatment for the underlying disorder is unlikely to be effective in the short term with the exception of adrenaline in anaphylaxis or hydrocortisone in Addisonian crisis. As specific therapy will lead to dramatic improvement in these patients, it is critical to consider both conditions early in the resuscitation and treat appropriately. FFP may be useful for patients with HANE as it contains C 1q esterase. Patients with known glucocorticoid deficiencies on replacement therapy may also present if steroid doses are not increased appropriately during intercurrent infections or other stressful events. If IV access cannot be established, an intra-osseous cannula should be placed.