The rotational velocity, measured from the broadening of spectral lines, is related to the total mass, and hence the total luminosity. The disordered, irregular motion of matter, so complex as to defy description except in a statistical manner. 21-centimeter radiation Radio radiation emitted when an electron in the ground state of a hydrogen atom flips its spin to become parallel to the spin of the proton in the nucleus. A white dwarf in a binary system can accrete enough mass that it cannot support its own weight. The star collapses and temperatures become high enough for carbon fusion to occur.
Fusion begins throughout the white dwarf almost simultaneously and an explosion occurs.
One possible explosive death of a star, in which the massive highly evolved stellar core rapidly implodes and then explodes, destroying the surrounding star.