Officers of the Department also carried out an extensive media campaign. This allows an individual to receive personal redress in much the same way that criminal defamation is a crime, but the act of defamation can also be the subject of a claim for damages in the civil courts. Note that this was also the view of N Weeks on behalf of the Reformed Church of Liverpool. Victims of hate violence are chosen because they are members of a particular group, not because of who they are as individuals. This is a significant difference from other forms of interpersonal violence.
Hate crime is intended to intimidate all other people who belong to the same group as the victim.
Public Law 371.