Files with names beginning with a dot are normally special files used by the shell and other programs that aren't created by you. If you list the name of a file or files on the command line after ls and any options such as -l , it will show only the files you specify. If any of the files you specify are directories, ls will show you the contents of the directory. The third and fourth fields in an ls -l listing are the owner and group to which the files belong. Every file in Linux has an owner and a group.
Every file also has permissions associated with it.
This is the first field in the ls -l listing. The first character of this string tells the type of file. Most common are - , for regular files, and d , for directories. The next three characters are the read , write , and execute permissions for the owner of the file. If a dash is present instead of the letter, the owner of the file does not have such permission.