Female flowers have an enlarged base at the bottom of the flower and the male does not. Train vines over a trellis or fence to save room and make harvesting easier. Prune the growing tips to encourage branching and better production. The disease is more prevalent in dry weather with heavy dews. Downy mildew effects leaves as small pale yellow area that dries out to form brown angular spots.
Leaves curl, shrivel and die.
This disease is more prevalent in warm wet weather. Leaf spots involve small tan circular spots with yellow halos. Leaves have torn and tattered appearance. Cottony leak or white mould that leaks from small soft water soaked spots on fruit indicates fruit rot. Also ground rots are small brown spots on underside of fruit, sunken with some cracking.