There are extensive peat bogs, and much of the remainder is agricultural land. The principal town and service center is Tullamore. About 95 percent of the people of Offaly are Roman Catholics. Almost all those of other religions are members of the Church of Ireland. Beef cattle production is the leading type of farming in Offaly.
Farmers also raise dairy cattle, sheep, hogs, and poultry, and mixed farming is common.
Crops include barley, potatoes, sugar beets, turnips, and wheat. The main industrial center is Tullamore. Its industries include building materials, clothing, meat products, medical supplies, and textiles. The main groups of manufacturing in Offaly are clothing and textiles, engineering industries, and food processing. The largest number of people employed in service industries work in retail and wholesale distribution.