Nerve cells, called neurons, send messages to each other by releasing special chemicals called neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are able to work by attaching to key sites on neurons called receptors. One of the neurotransmitters affected by cocaine is called dopamine. Normally, once dopamine has attached to a nerve cell's receptor and caused a change in the cell, it's pumped back to the neuron that released it. But cocaine blocks the pump, called the dopamine transporter.
Dopamine then builds up in the gap synapse between neurons.
That's why someone who uses cocaine feels an extra sense of pleasure for a short time. Fortunately, scientists have figured out how to copy the gene that controls the dopamine transporter. This process is called cloning. These studies may even lead to the discovery of a treatment for cocaine dependency. Scientists are already working to create fake cocaine for use as a treatment.