Months of the year are named from past to future, notes are named from low to high. A musical year is called an octave . Notes of the same name in a different octave have a different pitch, but are still the same note, and follow the rules as if the same note, just as February is always February, no matter if it's 1963 or 2004. The rules say that Valentine's Day always falls on the 14th. Any distance between two notes is called an interval .
Intervals are the ruling force within the system of music.
These distances between notes allow for melody and harmony and the many different qualities our ears and hearts discern when listening. Below is a graph showing the names of notes, from bass to treble. This shows the starting note as A , but it could be any of the 12. You'll notice that some have two names. The reason for this duality is of no concern at this stage, it's just a pain in the neck.