The Gaia-hypothesis Lovelock maintains that the earth is a creature. Life takes up energy and secretes the waste products.
Life maintains a high inside balance by changing the environment.
The earth fills these criterions. The biologist says that the earth is an ecological system . In contrast to Wachsmuth , Lovelock describes a bad future of mankind, and he says that mankind is like a cancerous ulcer. Lovelock does not believe in the spontaneous generation . He says, that his theory is neither reductionism nor holism .