The western Pacific will utilize the same winds to pile up warm water into a giant pool centered around Indonesia. When broad Kelvin waves sweep toward the Americas and close the upwelling of cold water El Nino develops. The sea surface warms in the region and winds blowing westward weaken. The usual warmth near Indonesia spreads toward the center of the ocean carrying rainstorms traditionally intended for Australia and western Pacific nations. On average El Nino comes once every 4 years.
Enhanced precipitation is predicted for parts of Texas calling for a wet Southwest and Gulf Coast.
This will lead to dilution of salinity levels in the estuary ecosystems if predictions prove to be true. Usually right behind El Nino a chilly occurrence emerges called La Nina. La Nina is the result of Kelvin waves and other types of waves sloshing back and forth across the Pacific Ocean. La Nina also disrupts weather patterns usually bring drought. In 1988 the drought in the central United States and the Southwest was linked to a La Nina weather pattern.