Many upland areas drain to fresh and salt marshes, which act as filters, removing pollution from runoff. Wetland plants and soils also act as a natural buffer between the land and the ocean, absorbing floodwaters and dissipating storm surges. Salt marsh grasses, mangrove trees, and other estuarine plants also prevent erosion and stabilize the shoreline. They are a source of recreation, education, and aesthetic value. Boating, fishing, swimming, windsurfing, and bird-watching are just a few of the many activities people enjoy in estuaries.
Estuaries have important commercial value.
They serve as nursery grounds for two-thirds of the nation s commercial fish and shellfish. Estuaries are also home to ports and marinas that support shipping and other industrial activities. Some Impacts on Estuaries Pollution of coastal watersheds poses a threat to our nation s estuaries. Some typical impacts on estuarine systems include loss of habitat due to development, loss of recreational opportunities due to poor water quality, and loss of economic resources due to shellfish bed closures and a reduction in fisheries. People can adversely affect estuaries.