Today, they are confined to a few small, protected populations totaling about 2,000 animals. Most live in several parks in India and in Nepal's Royal Chitwan National Park. Greater one-horned Asian rhinoceroses inhabit floodplain grasslands and adjacent forests and swamps. Today, in their restricted range, these animals sometimes feed in cultivated fields and pastures. Strict vegetarians, greater one-horned Asian rhinoceroses mainly eat grasses, but they also consume leaves, fruit, branches, and farm crops.
Females reach breeding age at five years and bear their first calves at between six and eight.
Single calves are born at intervals of about three years. Males can breed at nine years old but due to competition from older males, many don't mate until they are about ten years old. Greater one-horned Asian rhinoceroses generally travel alone, feeding under the dense cover of tall grass or trees, and spending hours wallowing in mud, an activity that keeps biting flies at bay. Females and their young travel together, and sometimes a few rhinoceroses will share the same feeding or wallowing areas. Males are territorial.