The procedure is painless and virtually risk-free. Improved antidepressant medications have supplanted ECT for most patients. However, it is still a very effective treatment for those who do not respond to medications, or who cannot take them because of a heart condition, severe malnourishment, or advanced age. When other therapies have failed and suicide is a danger, ECT can be lifesaving. Before ECT is administered, patients receive anesthesia and a muscle relaxant to protect them from physical harm and pain.
Electrodes are placed on the head and a small amount of electricity is applied.
The procedure is repeated two or three times a week until the patient improves or until it becomes evident that further treatment will be ineffective. Side effects are largely temporary. Some people may lose their memory of recent events.