I remember visiting the local agricultural office here for the first time. The extension agent suggested I test my soil for pH, etc. I dutifully went home and started digging. While we can't grow the choice alpines you're accustomed to, there are many, many plants we can grow here. Most of them, however, grow best in amended soil.
Gardeners here tend to plant in raised beds.
If you don't want to amend your soil, I suggest you stick to growing native plants. Since you are a biologist, you already have an invaluable understanding of plant communities and how they operate. All you really need to do is to read up on your new plants and learn their botanical names and cultural requirements. Listed below are books that I've found to be extremely helpful in discovering the what, where, how, when and why's of gardening in Florida. Most of these books are available at your local library.