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Mark J. Lake and Mario A. Lafortune. These responses might provide useful insight into the interaction between mechanical and neuromuscular factors that govern impact loading severity. Unexpected changes in footwear midsole characteristics were studied using a human pendulum apparatus which controlled the velocity and lower limb posture at impact. The severity of impact and pre-contact muscular activity were monitored for both a soft to hard footwear change and a hard to soft footwear change in ten subjects. Before each shoe exchange all subjects were accustomed to a specific type of footwear by undergoing two weeks of adaptation sessions consisting of pendulum impacts and treadmill running.