An emission spectrum is emitted by a hot gas, while an absorption spectrum is the result of passing a continuous spectrum through a cool gas and having particular colors absorbed by the gas. For example, heat neon gas and a certain color of red is seen. Cool it down and put a light bulb between you and it, and the same red color is missing. The light spots in the spectroscope line represent the more intense regions of the radiation curve. Just match the radiation curve peaks to bright spots in your answer, as below.
Light travels like a wave, but hits like a particle.
The same can be said for electrons, protons, neutrons, and other elementary particles. Quantum uncertainties are only significant in measuring simultaneously the speed and location of an electron. A baseball and spitball are far too large physically for quantum mechanical considerations to be important. There is a distinction between actively probing something and passively observing it. We can't really speak of a photon of white light, since a photon has a particular energy, and hence a single frequency.