In class we wrote a formula that allows one to calculate the size of the temperature change. Both the specific heat is larger and the mass of substance either heated or cooled is larger for the oceans than for the land. When the in is greater than the out, then the surface warms. When the in is less than the out, the surface cools. When the in is equal to the out, then the temperature remains constant.
Longer daylight means more solar radiation.
The closer the solar angle is to the horizon, the lower the solar radiation for absorption due to the increased beam spreading and the increased attenuation. Clouds are also good emitters of longwave radiation. Thus the night-time temperature would be higher in the presence of clouds. The less moisture in the surface the less energy goes into changing the phase of the water from liquid to vapor and more goes into raising the temperature of the surface. Thus dry surfaces heat more than moist surfaces.