The Cockroach, Volume I. Hutchinson of London, London. IPM for Cockroaches in Schools. School Integrated Pest Management. Understanding and Controlling the German Cockroach. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Females are wingless, and males have wings.
Immature cockroaches resemble adults except that they are wingless. Oriental cockroaches generally live in moist areas, but can survive in dry areas if they have access to water. They prefer cooler temperatures around 75 degrees Fahrenheit and can overwinter in protected areas outdoors where temperatures average 40 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit. These cockroaches are common in basements, crawl spaces, cracks and crevices of porches, foundations, and walkways adjacent to buildings. They feed on a wide variety of plant and animal material.