X-ray crystallography can provide scientists with some information on the overall shape of these large molecules. First the molecule is crystallized, then an X-ray beam is directed through the crystal. Using complex mathematical equations, a scientist can translate the locations and intensities of the spots into information about the positions of the atoms in three dimensional space. Thus, James Watson and Francis Crick could calculate that DNA had a helical shape based on the X-ray diffraction patterns that Rosalind Franklin provided. You may want to prepare several samples of stick and ball molecules for the students.
Instructions Divide each group into two teams.
Have each team create a simple molecular model using the molecule kit or balls of clay attached to straws. Different colors of clay should be used to represent different types of atoms. If you wish, you may have students create models of real molecules, or they can create their own designs. They should not show their completed molecule to the other team. After each team has made its molecule, have the students place the model so it sits on a flat surface.