These antibodies are not as effective against HIV as the earlier response. An increase in this type of antibody may mean that HIV is progressing. A substance called IL-12 may help create an immune system response that leads to a renewed TH1 type response. Another interleukin, known as IL-2, has been shown to increase T4 cells, but it may also increase HIV activity. Until extensive testing in humans is done, it is still not certain whether the early TH1 immune response can be restored.
Early results offer cautious hope for the future.
T8 cells are an important part of the immune system. One study, done with people without HIV, showed that IL-12 can increase the immune system reaction to the flu virus. A new pill form of hypericin is being studied as a treatment for HIV infection. Hypericin comes from an herb called St. John's Wort. Scientists have created a synthetic version of this substance to test as a drug.