Rhetoric lacks good empirical evidence that its persuasive techniques actually work as intended. Against semiotics All use of signs is rhetorical. Languaging constitutes world. Other s experience is not experienced directly but only as constituted in ego s consciousness. Intersubjectivity is produced by social processes that phenomenology fails to explain.
Functionalist explanations ignore subtleties of sign systems.
Functionalism fails to explain meaning as embodied, con-scious experience. The observer must be included in the system, rendering it indeterminate. Cybernetic models fail to explain how meaning emerges in social interaction. Communication involves circular causation, not linear causation. Socio-psychological theories have limited predictive power, even in laboratory.