Melasma is pigmentation that occurs mostly on the face. It is usually seen in women and is induced when the hormone estrogen stimulates the melanocytes to produce pigment. Women on birth control pills, during pregnancy and breast feeding seem to be more prone to get this pigmentation. Once you get this type of pigment sunlight will continue to activate it. Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation is where increase pigmentation is seen in the skin after a rash, bruise, scratching, surgical or laser procedure.
Inflammation also can cause the pigment producing cells to make more pigment.
Topical treatment is usually with products that contain hydroquinone, kojic acid and glycolic acid or combinations of the above. Sun protection with sunscreens and wearing a hat is very important to prevent new pigmentation and to prevent repigmentation after fading has occurred. Fading of the pigmented area may take 2-4 months to work. More aggressive treatments of age spots and melasma can be had at your dermatologist office. All products should be used as directed on the product container.