Whilst Parliament had the right to monitor and if necessary to bring down the Government, neither the President nor the Government could dissolve Parliament. Although under the provisions of the 1924 Constitution, executive powers could only be exercised by the President or the Council of Ministers, the 1924 Constitution, contained elements of both the parliamentary system and governmental executive powers. In this manner, whilst Parliament directly exercised legislative powers, a separation of powers did exist in view of the exercise of executive power. Furthermore, the principle of collective responsibility of the Council of Ministers to Parliament and the concept of the President not being vested with political responsibility are embodied in the 1924 Constitution. The judicial and executive powers are clearly separated.
Independent courts exercise judiciary powers on behalf of the nation.
The 1924 Constitution was amended in 1934, the six main principles of the Republican Peoples' Party program, republicanism, nationalism, populism, secularism, and reformism, also being enshrined in the Constitution itself as basic qualities of the state.