Biogeography is the study of the geographical patterns of plant and animal species. To study the distributions of plant and animal species across the surface of the earth, a fundamental knowledge of ecology and ecosystem dynamics is required.
Ecology is the study of the interactions among organisms.
An ecosystem is a functioning entity of all the organisms in a biological system generally in equilibrium with the inputs of energy and materials in a particular environment. It is the basic ecological unit of study. An ecosystem is comprised of habitats, biological communities, and ecotones. A biome is often referred to as a global-scale community of plants and animals and is the largest subdivision of the biosphere. A biome may contain many different kinds of smaller ecosystems.