When this abnormal growth occurs, painful implants can develop, most commonly on the ovaries, the fallopian tubes and the ligaments that support the uterus. Other possible sites for endometrial growths are the bladder, bowel and vagina. The cause of it is unknown. Many of the risk factors for this disease are related to estrogen exposure. Thus, environmental estrogens may contribute to the development of endometriosis in susceptible individuals.
Fibroids can cause significant pain and discomfort and are associated with reproductive problems.
They are the leading reason for hysterectomies - major operations in which the uterus is surgically removed, either through the abdominal wall or the vagina. It sometimes occurs in men but is generally found in postmenopausal women. Cadmium, lead and possibly other heavy metals found in the environment may be significant factors in developing this disease. The bone loss appears to occur from a direct action of cadmium on bone, not through an indirect effect on kidney reabsorption of calcium. Thus, cadmium exposure may be a significant factor contributing to osteoporosis in older women.