Historical climate records can be used alongside water use efficiency calculations to budget for realistic yields and develop economic outcomes that are tailored to a location. Water use efficiency is increasingly being used as a benchmark for the overall management of a crop. Crop simulation models can be used to make early yield predictions. Climate data can help a farmer capitalise on the good years as well as minimise risks in the bad years. Water use efficiency calculations and historical yield data can be used to set successful strategic goals and annual input levels.
Forecasts can help determine whether production estimates can be increased or decreased.
However the effectiveness of El-Nino forecasts to predict drought remains uncertain. A survey of regulated irrigators in the Border Rivers, Gwydir, Namoi and the Upper Condamine, was undertaken to determine irrigators' knowledge of climate phenomena and to understand how they make water and cropping decisions. The predominant crop grown was cotton. Specific cotton grower findings are presented. For instance, cotton irrigators prefer Faxbacks, the Media, and Downloads from the internet, as methods to access tools or information to aid climate and water availability.