Lippitt soils have a Cr horizon and paralithic contact within 40 inches. Oquaga soils are in uplands and formed in a thin mantle of reddish glacial till with lithology dominated by the local and underlying reddish sandstone, siltstone, and shale. Slope gradients range from 0 to 70 percent. The climate is humid and temperate. These are the shallow Arnot and Tuller soils and the very deep Lackawanna , Wellsboro , and Morris soils.
Internal drainage is medium.
The potential for surface runoff is negligible to very high. Permeability is moderate. Most of the soil is forested or used for unimproved native pasture. Hay, small grains, and corn are produced on the gentler slopes. Native vegetation is sugar maple, beech, white pine, white ash, oak and hemlock.