Black neighborhoods are much more likely to be surrounded by economically disadvantaged neighborhoods than are white neighborhoods. Whether rich or poor, however, white neighborhoods are much more likely than black neighborhoods to reap the radiating l effects of proximity to neighborhoods with a high degree of shared child control. People in neighborhoods with high levels of poverty and high rates of single-parent households have lower expectations for neighborhood child control. People in neighborhoods with a high concentration of adults are less likely to supervise the neighborhood youth. Affluent neighborhoods with greater incomes and higher educational levels are more likely to have cross-generational ties.
Immigrant communities have lower expectations for shared child control.
Neighborhood stability increases the likelihood of collective expectations for child control, while high residential density decreases the expectations. Sharing of information and help is much more likely among homeowners, long-term and young residents, and those with fewer changes in residency.