Theory illustrated with qualitative and quantitative examples and case studies. Application of scientific theory and observations to policy development and the interface between science and policy is discussed throughout. 26L Toronto as a case study of methods to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, their costs and benefits, and of the practical problems involved. Seminar format with public presentations by students. Qualitative and quantitative description of the chemistry and movement of contaminants in the environment, focussing on terrestrial and freshwater systems.
Landscape controls on water chemistry of streams.
Small watershed ecosystems approach and hydrological flowpath-chemical interaction perspective. Students will be exposed to field and laboratory work and expected to conduct independent study. For graduate students, a large emphasis of this course is placed on independent study and they should contact the instructor about potential project topics. Simple approaches to modelling the energy transfer and evaporation from individual types of surfaces are explored, and comparisons with field data are made. The problem of transfer between adjacent surfaces is also examined to introduce the multiple surface problem in environmental modelling.