As a rule, when a hydrocarbon's mass increases, its solubility in water is reduced. First of all, it concerns the low molecular hydrocarbons of aliphatic order and aromatic structure, as well as polar compounds appearing as a result of oxidizing transformations of some initial petroleum fractions in the marine environment. The transition process into a dissolved state is spread over time and depends on the hydrodynamic and physiochemical conditions of the surface waters. An excess of these concentrations is usually accompanied by the formation of decomposable oil-water emulsions. Many parameters affect the formation of water-dissolved oil product fractions.
Emulsified oil is often the dominant form of chronic oil pollution.
The formation of oil emulsions in a marine environment depends on the oil's structure and the water's turbulence. The stability of emulsions increases with temperature decreases. These substances are used for eliminating the consequences of petroleum pollution. Thus, stabilization of the petroleum emulsion, its dispersion in the formation of microscopic drops and the acceleration of oil decomposition in the water column takes place. Hydrometeorological conditions are a determining influence on the fate of different oil products at all stages in their distribution in a marine environment.