This may be used to define T-cell epitopes in other diseases. 1 diabetes remain to be elucidated. Ultimately, such cells could be used for transplantation. Innate Immunity and Xenograft Rejection by Annette Fox, Joanne Mountford, Andrea Braakhuis, Leonard C. Harrison Rejection of xenotransplants is a complex process that is not fully understood. In this article, annette Fox and colleagues show that xenografts elicit an innate immune response, that the monocyte recruitment is required for subsequent recruitment of T cells, and in turn T cells are needed for macrophage activation.
Innate responses are thus good targets for therapy.
Enhancing DNA Vaccines by Andrew M. Lew, Jamie L. Brady, Christopher M. Dyer, Brent McKenzie, Alexandra J. Kelly, Jefferey S. Boyle DNA vaccines reprsent an exciting new method of stimulating immune responses. However, to date their efficacy had been poor. Here, Andrew M. Lew and coworkers show that by manipulation of the site of immunization, antigen expression, and targeting of the antigen to cells of the immune system, the response can be enhanced. It is known that there is a genetic basis for the spectrum of disease severity in cutaneous leishmaniasis. The nature of the response required for successful vaccination is also discussed.