Particularistic focus on uniqueness individualism value individual, collectivist place value on group are emotions based on objectivity or emotional relationships specific to situation or generalize to different situation Achievement versus ascription Perception and use of time perception of physical environment peoples worth judged on recent performance and achievement or they are ascribed status based on factors such as birth, class focus and value are placed on the present, the past or future. Identified four dimensions of national value systems that influence organizations and employee working conditions. The extent to which people accept unequal distribution of power. In higher power distance cultures, there is a wider gap between the powerful and the powerless. The size of the gap between those who have a lot of power and those who have little power.
Individualism leads to reliance on self and focus on individual achievement.
High uncertainty avoidance leads to low tolerance to low tolerance for uncertainty and to a search for absolute truths. The extent to which uncertainty is tolerated and finding absolute truths is important. The extent to which assertiveness and independence from others is valued. High masculinity leads to high sex-role differentiation, focus on independence, ambition, and material goods. The extent to which people focus on past, present or future.