Normandy to the Vikings. Saracens attack the French coast. Capetian dynasty founded in France. Avicenna, the greatest of Muslim philosophers. New agricultural techniques gradually spread.
Life becomes more stable as invasions all but cease.
William the Conqueror imposes Norman rule on England. Beginning of power struggles between the HRE and the Papacy over rights to control investiture. Lasts some 50 years. Leo IX, most effective of the reforming popes. Gregory VII elected to Papacy.