The passageway can become so narrow that it's difficult for food to pass through or it can rupture, requiring surgery. Vomiting can cause the stomach lining to become inflamed. Sometimes a person breathes in the vomit, which can damage the lungs. People can break blood vessels in their eyes from forceful vomiting. The stomach acid can erode the teeth's enamel.
Laxative abuse can damage the lining of the colon.
The result may be bloody stools or ulcers. Ultimately, the bowels may become lazy from disuse and the person develops constipation. The loss of nutrients and fluids from purging can lead to kidney stones, kidney failure, dehydration, and an uneven heart rate. Ipecac syrup is toxic and can cause muscle and heart weakness. Its use has led to death in some patients.