Absorbent incontinence briefs, indwelling bladder catheters, or condom catheters may be indicated for some patients but are not substitutes for efforts to help a patient regain continence through a bowel or bladder management program. Signs of vitamin and mineral deficiencies are also noted during the assessment. Daily vitamin C and zinc supplements are given to patients with vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Regardless of stage, prompt treatment is essential, because an untreated pressure sore may worsen and lead to cellulitis, chronic infection, or osteomyelitis. Pressure, friction, shearing, and maceration must always be reduced.
Good nutrition is essential.
A single daily high-potency vitamin and mineral supplement is usually recommended. Specific dressings and topical agents are listed in Table 124-4. Debridement may be accomplished surgically, mechanically, autolytically, or enzymatically. The method of debridement is selected according to the patient's condition and goals. Mechanical, autolytic, or enzymatic debridement or a combination of these may be used when the need for drainage or removal of dead tissue is not urgent.