Testosterone injections of the monogomous males produces behaviors like that of polygamous males. Thus, the social stimulus of pairing with a female must normally limit testosterone production. It was long thought that hormones and pheromones were different. Hibernates for about 9 months every year to avoid cold. With spring thaw, males emerge en masse.
Females emerge singly about a week later.
After mating, the female leaves. Males emerge with regressed testes and low androgen levels. Epididymis, however, is enlarged with sperm stored from previous summer. The males use this sperm to fertilize the female. Females also emerge with low E levels.