Dogs have as much exposed area inside their nose as they have on their entire body. Finally, there is a bulb in the roof of their mouth, just behind the front teeth called the vomeronasal organ. It is directly connected to the olfactory lobe of the brain by nerves. When a dog licks the tongue passes over this bulb for instantaneous odor sampling. Imagine a 100-yard dash in 7.14 seconds.
Dogs are extremely smart.
They can learn up to 200 verbal commands and have a precision memory. Although some experts argue this it is probably more a factor of reading body language. Canines use body language as a primary means of communication besides smell. They transmit rank, social status, dominance and defense through body carry, ear set and tail position. Like anything, if you don't take care of it then it won't last.