Transference of leadership refers to the transfer from one area to another, such as from the workplace to the after work softball team. A leader in one area is leader in another. Leadership transfers best if the group membership is similar, or if the subject matter is similar. Successful leadership transfers better. A change in leadership decreases group performance and an abrupt change is the worst.
Feminism looks at patriarchy, values of masculinity, differing styles, stereotyping and prejudice.
Women make up 41 percent of government workforce, but only 23 percent of management, which is the same in as in the private sector. Education does not account for all differences. Research examined the proportion of women promoted in proportion to next lower grade and found that women were being promoted in the same proportion as those who were in the lower grade. Women GS 13-15 are promoted as fast as men. This means that the problem is the transition from the past, and that the proportion of women will increase as they move along the pipeline.