These occupational groups include farmers, veterinarians, and workers in rice fields, mines, sewer systems, and slaughterhouses. Most infected persons will have a mild to moderate flu-like illness that begins 4 to 19 days following exposure to the bacteria. Common symptoms are fever, headache, chills, nausea and vomiting, muscle aches, and eye redness. In some cases, the illness may be more severe and progress to liver damage and jaundice, kidney failure, internal bleeding, or meningitis. Leptospirosis is usually diagnosed by a special blood test.
Leptospirosis is treatable with antibiotics prescribed by a physician.
It is best to start treatment as early as possible. Hospitalization and supportive care may be required for more serious cases. Limit contact with water, mud, or vegetation that might be contaminated with the urine of infected animals, especially rats or mice. Immunize dogs and farm animals against leptospirosis. Prevent contamination of human living, working, and recreational areas by animal urine.