A biopsy can be obtained in various ways, depending on the type of specimen needed. Tissue samples are usually small and taken from tissue that appears changed in structure, such as a tumor. This type of biopsy is often used when a wider or deeper portion of the skin is needed. When the entire tumor is removed, it is called excisional biopsy technique. If only a portion of the tumor is removed, it is called incisional biopsy technique.
Excisional biopsy is the method usually preferred when melanoma is suspected.
Local anesthetic is sometimes used to numb the area, but the test rarely causes much discomfort and leaves no scar. This type of biopsy involves removing the top layers of skin by shaving it off. It is also performed with a local anesthetic. The biopsy is performed under local anesthesia. The patient usually just feels a small needle stick and a little burning for about a minute, with a little pressure, but no pain.