Work in artificial intelligence has emphasized issues in knowledge representation. To study these issues in knowledge representation, various representation techniques and representation languages are used to develop specific problem solvers. In a parallel machine, processors often need to communicate with each other.
Efficient communication is essential for the high performance of the system.
Wormhold routing technique has been adopted in many parallel systems due to its low communication latency. Current work is focused on two areas of instruction level parallelism-highly efficient speculative execution and reduction in average memory access times. Efficient speculative execution requires fetching and executing instructions before it is known whether the instructions are supposed to execute, and current research is looking at finding ways to fetch quickly lots of instructions in the presence of conditional branch instructions. Reduction in average memory access time involves new cache structures and burst transfers of large blocks of memory to cache. Efficient code generation for ILP architectures requires careful ordering of the operations to be performed during execution.