Silverfish seldom feed on wool and other animal based textiles. Cereals may become infested due to the insects' preference for starches and flour. Enzymes and cellulose-digesting bacteria in the gut break down cellulose in paper or other wood products. Silverfish can live for nearly a year without feeding. Temperature is the most important factor influencing the thysanurans.
Low temperatures result in high mortalities, especially among nymphs.
Similar ranges can be expected for other species. Low relative humidities may reduce population growth or eliminate silverfish. In heated buildings, only food availability limits silverfish populations, and their numbers vary little throughout the year. Silverfish may enter buildings by way of boxes, books, or other materials carried inside. Thysanurans are primarily important as archival pests although they may infest foodstuffs.