More recently Negroes, denied political representation, have disobeyed laws they had no hand in making. Sometimes the only way for a person or group to maintain moral integrity and impress those in power is to disobey the power bloc openly and accept the consequences of the act. In both these types of disobedience the act is open and above board. There is no plotting to harm other people, no violence, no trickery or cheating. The effort is not to evade a legal claim but to challenge the law in the public arena.
Government sees and invokes the penalty.
Government also has to decide whether the law should be changed. The case of a morally intolerahle wrong may drive people of integrity to conspiracies of disobedience. Thus also the Nazi persecution of Jews led the best and bravest of men to disobey laws in order to save lives.