Weather permitting, animals are provided the opportunity to regularly exercise in a yard or pasture area. Soft dry bedding material such as straw or sawdust is provided to help keep the animals clean and comfortable. Cows are pregnant for nine months and calves are usually born naturally and easily. In the case of complications during delivery, the cow may require assistance from the farmer. On rare occasions, situations may arise which require the expertise of a veterinarian.
Farmers are present during calving to ensure successful delivery.
Some farms use observation cameras in the barn so they can keep a watch on the cow giving birth even when they are outside of the barn. Calves receive colostrum milk from the cow for the first three days. The cow produces colostrum milk, which contains the mother's antibodies, for a very short time period and it is essential in protecting the calf from disease. Calves are placed in pens or individual buildings called hutches. Individual hutches allows for personal attention and care for the calves.