Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the ten most common carcinoma in the world.
Hepatocellular carcinoma is most common in Southeast Asia, the western pacific region, and sub-Saharan Africa. In Taiwan, where the malignancy is the first cause of death among the ten most common cause of death, the hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common cause of death due to malignancy in males. Hepatocellular carcinoma is closely related to HBV and HCV infection. Therefore, the vertical transmission in the perinatal infection from carrier mothers or after the infection in early life become the important causal factor. Serum samples of 1515 children below the age of 12 years were enrolled in this study.