For their valuable help the authors thank Chris Albertyn, Marc Van Ameringen, Peter Ewang, Saliem Fakir, George Grant, Craig Johnson, Tim Hart, Doug Hindson, Antoinette Louw, Jennifer Mander, Karen MacGregor, Anthony Minnaar, Mike Morris, Jim Mullin, Johan Olivier, Garth Stead, and Daniel Weiner. Especially in the townships, many people earn their livelihood by buying and selling outside the formal economy of South Africa.
Housing is constructed from unconventional building materials.
Normally, illegal settlements are described as squatter communities, yet this distinction will not be made here. International Security 19, no. Various types of conflict can result from these social effects. Civil strife, riots, insurgency, revolution, and coups d'etat often occur with declining economic productivity and the inability of the state to meet the needs of its population. Interstate conflict can arise from disputes over the access to and distribution of resources shared between states, for example, water.