This is especially critical if the child lives in a dwelling built before 1978. A vitamin that reduces the risk for neural tube defect in newborn babies may also prevent heart attack and stroke. Studies have shown conclusively that consumption of supplemental folic acid in addition to folates contained in the diet can prevent significant numbers of cases of spina bifida and anencephaly, two of the most common and severe birth defects. In 1992 the U.S. Public Health Service published the recommendation that all women capable of becoming pregnant should consume 400 micrograms of folic acid daily. More recently, scientists have found evidence that a deficiency of folic acid may promote the development of atherosclerotic plaque, which can lead to heart attack or stroke.
Folic acid is involved in regulating homocysteine.
A deficiency or an inability to metabolize folic acid can cause the blood levels of homocysteine to rise. This can then lead to an increased expression of the clotting enzymes and tissue factors affecting the development of blood clots and plaque. Currently decisions are being made regarding the best way to increase the consumption of folic acid. Meantime, the best advice is to eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables. Prevention , October 1995,75-78.