M1 refers to notes and coins in circulation plus bank sight deposits. M2 refers to M1 plus savings deposits plus other short-term claims on banks. Lending rates generally consist of the average rate charged on loans granted by reporting banks. Deposit rates generally refer to average demand and time deposit rates. Euro exchange rates are reference rates of the European Central Bank, where available.
Gold is valued at end-year market price.
The term FOB means that all costs incurred in the course of transport up to the customs frontier are charged to the seller. The term CIF means that the purchaser pays the additional costs. Since 1997 they are recorded with the date on which the commodities cross the customs border. This assumes that any change in population not attributable to births and deaths is attributable to migration. Thus, figures are more consistent.