It is especially helpful when the doctor is not sure of the shape and depth of the tumor. The patient is given a local anesthetic, and the cancer is shaved off one thin layer at a time. Each layer is checked under a microscope until the entire tumor is removed. The degree of scarring depends on the location and size of the treated area. This method should be used only by doctors who are specially trained in this type of surgery.
Extreme cold is used to treat precancerous skin conditions as well as certain small skin cancers.
In cryosurgery, liquid nitrogen is applied to the growth to freeze and kill the abnormal cells. After the area thaws, the dead tissue falls off. More than one freezing may be needed to remove the growth completely. Cryosurgery usually does not hurt but patients may have pain and swelling after the area thaws. A white scar may form in the treated area.