Critics, especially from francophone countries, stress disintegration and discontinuity in the notion of mondialisation. Refugee movements can be analysed in terms of discontinuity and disintegration leading to forced migration in poor countries. Dominant neo-liberal thinking in the North cannot deal with this problem adequately. A common understanding needs to be generated through well-articulated public interest groups that force states to engage in global governance.
Globalisation is a social phenomenon as well as a historical trend.
As a historical trend it is old, and it could even be argued that the world was more globally integrated in previous times. Mondialisation has in the francophone literature a more critical meaning. First, through a declining capacity of states to keep security and succumb to civil war. Second, through the emergence of aggressive counter-identities, be they ethnic or religious. Third, through increasing income disparities between central and peripheral regions.