Surface runoff is slow or very slow. Permeability is rapid. A large part is or has been cultivated. Some areas are in permanent pasture. Special crops such as blueberries, cucumbers, and melons are important crops on this soil.
Many areas are in various stages of reforestation.
Natural forests are American basswood, eastern cottonwood, northern red oak, bitternut hickory, white ash, swamp white oak, and red maple. The series is of large extent. Gratiot County, Michigan, 1975. The loamy substratum phase of this soil is no longer within the series concept.