With early detection, most or all of a person's vision may be saved. Careful evaluation of the optic nerve is integral to the management of glaucoma. Without dilation of the pupil, early stages of diabetic retinopathy may be missed. Through a dilated fundus evaluation, the changes that occur in retinopathy can be seen and monitored sooner. With early detection, these complications are more effectively managed.
Hypertension produces a narrowing of the arteries when blood pressure is significantly elevated.
This can lead to hemorrhages in the retina. The appearance of retinal hemorrhages due to hypertension can be easily distinguished from hemorrhages due to diabetes during a dilated fundus evaluation. Increased levels of lipids and cholesterol may result in plaques or clots in retinal blood vessels, indicating potential risk of stroke. These plaques may also be observed and detected during a dilated fundus evaluation. Neurological disorders, such as Multiple Sclerosis and space occupying tumors in the brain often cause swelling and inflammation of the optic disc.