About 30 photographs are taken between the two eyes over a 10 minute time span. The film is then developed, and the ophthalmologist studies the results. Important information about the leakage and blockage of blood vessels can be gained from this test, as well as the presence of abnormal blood vessels. Many diabetic retinal problems are treated using a laser. The laser casts a tiny spot of light onto the retina in order to seal leaking blood vessels or to prevent the formation of abnormal blood vessels.
Laser treatment is done as an outpatient operation, but usually only eyedrop anesthesia is needed.
The patient is seated at the laser, and treatments usually range from 5 to 20 minutes. Sometimes, repeat treatments need to be done. For diabetic macular edema, the laser is used to seal leaking blood vessels which are causing the retina to swell dangerously. Studies have identified precise situations when this condition should be treated. The vision does not need to be reduced before treatment is done, since the goal of the surgery is to maintain the vision at least at where it is.