In addition, the subculture will still share characteristics in common with the larger society. Subcultures add options to peoples lives. They are considered to add texture and variety to the culture and are certainly not viewed as a threat. On the other hand, countercultures are groups brought together by conflict with the larger society and are often viewed as being a threat to the continued social order. Please think of examples of both subcultures and countercultures in the United States.
Ethnocentrism is a cultural judgement.
It is a universally encountered pattern of viewing one's own culture and experience as superior. We may use our own cultural experience as the yardstick for comparing other cultures. Usually, when this is the measure, the other culture will be found lacking in some way. Ethnocentrism is a by-product of the socialization process. Often, we suggest that cultural relativism is the opposite of ethnocentrism.