To explain and compare the effects of series and parallel circuits on bulb brightness, relating the phenomena to the potential differences, current, and resistances throughout the respective circuits. Sketch each arrangement, including failures as well as successes. Similarities among the successful trials should be discussed. In order for the light bulbs to light, there must be direct connections from one battery terminal to the metal side of the bulb and from the metal bottom of the bulb to the other terminal. Review the concepts of potential difference, current and resistance.
Electrons flow continuously in a closed circuit.
Repeat step 1 with the bulb placed inside a holder. Have the students note which two parts of the bulb the holder makes contact with. Contact is made with the metal side and the metal bottom of the bulb. Using one battery, light as many bulbs in as many holders as possible. Sketch each arrangement, noting the ones that work.