Relatively few air changes per hour since the space volume per person is usually high. Ventilation requirements is a major total load contributor, so the buildings should be kept at a slightly positive pressure to offset infiltration and provide adequate or the regulatory-required ventilation. Lighting loads will vary widely by type of building, ranging from very high in convention halls to very low in theaters during performances. The light levels associated with maximum occupancy must be determined. Noise and vibration criteria vary by building type, being minimal in convention and sports centers to very important in concert halls.
Filtration is usually minimal, except where there is expensive indoor decor or smoking is permitted.
Human comfort is the primary determinant for design inside temperature and humidity. Generally served by all-air systems, with separate air handlers for each zone. Good air distribution is essential for a successful design. Cool air is usually supplied from above where the heat from the lights can be directly absorbed and return air is often below or around the seating. Jet nozzles can be used where long throws are needed in high ceilings.