These four words are sometimes used as if they are interchangeable. In the belief that it may benefit future discussions, HMIC wishes to record briefly its own views on these key areas. It is HMIC's view that independence can have a value, particularly in terms of perception. That it is not in itself a major factor in determining success or failure. The report will describe in detail the current arrangements in Scotland whereby the fiscal service and the Crown independently investigate all criminal allegations against police officers.
Impartiality is viewed as vitally important to the success or failure of the system.
Impartiality is not however the same as independence and impartiality is not necessarily jeopardised by the fact that police officers are involved in an investigation. HMIC views effectiveness as the most important of all four considerations. An effective system would be one which offers the best chance of justice to all parties and maintains public confidence. A system may be independent and impartial yet wholly ineffective, in which case it is worthless. No system can be effective if members of the public cannot gain ready access.