Furthermore, DNA vaccines against malaria have incorporated CSP sequencing genes. The intent is that the use of multiple antigens from P. falciparum will induce immunity in recipient. These were the CSP, PfSSP2, MSP1, and Pfs25. The purpose behind the use of a poxvirus-based vaccine was to maximize the elicitation of cellular immunity. In some cases, administration of the vaccine conferred complete protection to falciparum challenge.
Further trials are under way.
Of the 194 school children vaccinated in this study, no child developed clinical malaria within a 12 week observation period and that all but 8 had considerably higher levels of antibody to both antigens. However, this vaccine is limited by the fact that it contains no immunodominant T-cell epitopes. The use of recombinant IL-2 adjuvant in conjunction with this vaccine has proven to be successful. RTS, S - is a recombinant vaccine consisting of the circumsporozoite protein found on the surface of the sporozoite stage of Plasmodium falciparum . This antigen elicits antibodies that are capable of preventing sporozoites from invading hepatocytes, and a cellular response that is capable of eliminating infected hepatocytes.