Behind the new earthworks, Christian IV commissioned German and Dutch architects and craftsmen to construct magnificent edifices designed to enhance his prestige. By the time of Christian IV's death in 1648, Copenhagen forms a framework for the administration of the realm and a centre of trade in Northern Europe. Copenhagen is no longer at the heart of the realm. In 1659, the Swedes find themselves outside Copenhagen's ramparts after having conquered most of Denmark. The king and the burghers of Copenhagen join forces to defend the city and resist the Swedish attack.
Events take on far reaching consequences.
The king consolidates his power at the expense of the nobility, and in 1660 Frederik III is acclaimed the first absolute monarch of Denmark. The citizens' reward for defending the city so bravely is very modest. Too much liberty and power goes against the grain of the king's sovereign despotism. A council of 32 citizens is created, which nevertheless is subject to royally appointed officials, consisting of mayors and aldermen. The townsmen's life becomes more and more regulated.