A collaboration is a social group which, similar to formal system, can be characterized as a whole which is greater than the sum of its parts. Each level has unique characteristics that provide groups with particular outcomes. Identifying the level that best meets the needs of the group is important to the success of the group. Communication is members functioning independently and having no formalized group. The structure of the group is networking and sharing information on an individual level.
Individuals generally make only irregular contact with one another.
The process of the group is limited as there are no formal meetings. At this level leadership is low, decision making is minimal, there is little conflict, and communication is informal. Cooperation is members continuing to make irregular contacts with one another. The purpose of the group is to match needs, provide coordination of services to the members, and limit duplication of services. The structure of the group is to establish a communication hub, semi-formal links, roles are somewhat defined, and group may raise money.