Instability and a demand for order lead to the counter-revolutionary phase, usually involving a return to power of the upper middle class and some elements of the aristocracy. If this government is unstable, or if radical leadership retains power, a dictatorship will be formed. Permanent changes resulting from the revolution include a sweeping away of class government based solely on the aristocracy, and the establishment of a government which appeals to national sentiment and draws support from citizens regardless of class. Feudal practices are eliminated, and farmers usually become landowners. There are also many administrative and legal changes, and a change in the bureacracy.
Government becomes more efficient and rational, and less bound by tradition.