Though smaller in scale, Canada and Mexico play a similar role in world wildlife markets. While many non-native and endangered species in trade are regulated at the federal level by strong legislation in each of the three countries, effective and integrated enforcement is often an issue. Further, exploited native species generally lack effective protection or enforcement at local, state, provincial, or territorial levels. Other current work on North American wildlife commercialization includes an examination of certain species exploited for the medicinal trade in all three countries, documentation of the USA's role in the world live reptile trade, and a compilation of shark fisheries and trade data and information in the Americas. Many native North American species enter world markets.
Freshwater turtles are in demand as food and as pets but most are unregulated at any level.
Rattlesnakes are exploited for local entertainment and exported as curios and leather goods. Riverine pearly mussels are used to form the cores of high quality pearls cultured in Asia. Narwhal and walrus ivory is desired for carvings. Freshwater and marine sturgeon and paddlefish caviar is now increasingly entering world markets due to declines of sturgeon elsewhere. Wild American ginseng is still in demand after hundreds of years of trade in Asia and in response to increasing demand in other markets.