With a state of emergency still technically in force, freedoms of assembly and association are restricted. Political parties and unions are allowed to organize and operate without significant impediments. The judiciary is not independent and is influenced by the executive branch and powerful political and clan forces. In 1998, a land law was adopted, but the details and implementation of land privatization would be clarified in 1999. Azeri homes and businesses have been expropriated, confiscated, or destroyed.
Economic activity remains mainly in the hands of powerful elites and clans.