Testosterone and other sex hormones. D. Gender differences on standardized personality scales a. We almost always find statistically significant differences. Some of these differences are quite reliable, but others do not replicate. Most often found differences relate to individuality and social connectedness.
Males rate themselves higher on achievement, independence, and success in competition.
Females rate themselves higher in intimacy desires, friendliness, nurturance and lower on dominance and aggression. Other trait differences associated with gender 1. Altruism or helping. Depends on how it is operationalized. Depends on measurement.