The male's range generally encompass the smaller ranges of several resident females. Territorial dispites are uncommon as each cat normally honors the boundaries that other pumas have marked. Although scrapes and urine sprays along pathways are the traditional signposts, males often pile pine needles, leaves, or dirt with his hind feet completing the marker with a urine spray or fecal deposit. Pumas mate at any time of the year when hormonal changes in the female urine alerts the resident male that she is in estrous. After mating, the male departs and takes no responsibility for raising the young.
Males do appear to stabilize the environment by repelling transient male pumas.
After a gestation that varies from 84 to 106 days, but typically lasts 94 days, a litter of one to three cubs are born in a protected den. The cubs are born blind with wooly coats that are marked with fairly large dark spots over the body and dark rings around the tail. The cubs weigh one half to one pound and measure 10 to 13 inches in length. Their eyes open in two weeks, and at six weeks may accompany their mother to a kill. At six months of age the spots begin to disappear and are usually completely gone by one year , when they become Felis concolor , cats of one color.