Many prefer shade or part shade. Some of the non-hardy types can be grown in containers indoors. Beyond the somewhat confused and confusing botanical classifications, bamboo are either clumpers or runners. Clumping bamboo is better behaved although it will expand in diameter. Most of the clumpers, however, are the less hardy varieties.
Many bamboo have edible shoots.
Running bamboo requires major restraint if it isn't to take over the world. Mine came from a house I rented nearly thirty years ago. When I left, I brought a few bits of root with me. It was slow to get going, but once it did it just goes from strength to strength. It's evergreen in my USDA z. 7 garden, although severe winters will brown the leaves so it looks pretty tatty until a new set comes out.