Simply click on the images to download and launch the viewer. Three-dimensional view of cytoplasmic calcium levels in a living, functioning barley aleurone cell as it responding to the hormone gibberellic acid. 3-d data was taken using a confocal microscope. The individual optical sections making up the 3-d view can be seen in the edge on view as the cell is rotated. Insects have an immune system that serves to protect them from foreign invaders such as fungi, bacteria, and parasitic wasps.
Insects can also recognize and reject grafts of integument from other species.
The primary line of defense is the blood cells or hemocytes. Subsequently, enzymes are activated and the invader is killed, along with the surrounding insect hemocytes. They have been proposed to play critical roles in water and nutrient uptake and anchoring the plant in the soil. Root hair development exhibits two fascinating aspects of the regulation of positional information during plant cell growth. Firstly on initiation the surface cell that will give rise to the root hair must break symmetry and form a bulge in its side wall.