Reposition resident to relieve pressure every two hours, or even more frequently. Pad pressure points, such as elbows, coccyx and heels. Apply lotion to skin. Do not rub or massage a reddened area, as rubbing may actually promote the development of a pressure sore. There may be need for additional protein, vitamin C and zinc.
Fluid intake is adequate when the urine is pale yellow in color.
The thirst response is frequently impaired in the elderly, especially with central nervous system disorders, such as stroke, head trauma, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. This impairment means that the resident will not seek out, ask for, or even readily accept liquids. Inadequate fluid intake can result in confusion. The pinch test for skin turgor may be an unreliable indicator for dehydration in the elderly. If this test is used, use only the skin on the forehead or sternum.