All animal farming has to follow ecological and natural principles that can guarantee a sustainable and ethically defensible production. Raising animals on factory farms has been called in question. Many do not get a breath of fresh air until they are prodded and crammed onto trucks for a nightmarish ride to the slaughterhouse, often through weather extremes and always without food or water. Animals crowded together in filth and squalor, artificially impregnated, fed an array of drugs to keep disease at bay, and transported long distances to fewer but larger slaughterhouses may mean 'efficiency' but that is an 'efficiency' that will not be sustainable. Productivity is not a measure of well-being.
Domestic animals have their special needs as well as wild animals.
Domestication has had relatively little effect on the animals' behaviour when given the opportunity to be expressed. Future animal farming has to be more considerate to the animals, their needs and wishes. Not only the very basic needs such as food, water amd shelter but also their behavioral or psychological needs. They must have opportunities to be grazing in their natural environment instead of being foddered in that industrialized way that may occur today. Animals must have an opportunity to graze in the open air instead of being permanently tied up in stables and cowsheds.