Sex differences in descending pain modulatory pathways may clarify sex differences in pain. The genetics of pain and pain inhibition. Methodological and life-span factors modulate gender differences in the analgesic response to stress. Neonatal testosterone exposure influences neurochemistry of swim stress-induced analgesia in adult mice. One or two genetic loci mediate high opiate analgesia in selectively bred mice.
Haloperidol increases pain behavior following peripheral tissue injury.
The kappa opiate receptor is functionally up-regulated in mice selectively bred for high analgesic responsivity. Comparison across three swim stress paradigms in selectively bred mice. Studies of pain, stress, and immunity. Manuscripts under review Sternberg, W.F., Sex differences in the effects of prenatal stress on stress-induced analgesia. Estrogen-dependent alterations in analgesic magnitude inducd by prenatal stress.