Taxes, linked with awareness raising, education and PR, or used to differentiate between waste types and therefore promoting awareness, are far more effective. They can be used to force SMEs to do the 'right thing', but if they are not followed up by the regulatory bodies, they become ineffective. Trade Associations in Europe Fewer trade associations for each industrial sector, and sector approach funding, provides a stronger more uniform system to encouraging and effecting environmental and sustainable development. Policing the networks and working closely with the regulatory bodies is also effective. A holistic attitude towards the environment is more readily embraced, particularly in countries such as Denmark and the Netherlands.
Environmental issues are very much integrated into working life.
Change and improvement is seen as a journey and not a destination. It is a long-term solution. Every Company is Unique Cleaner production is also 'good housekeeping', but there is not one best way of introducing cleaner production technology or environmental management systems. SMEs are very different regarding experiences with pollution prevention, traditions and company culture, focus and commitment of the management, degree of employee participation. A more pragmatic approach is required depending on the preconditions.