FEMA supplements, but does not supplant, mental health services traditionally provided by State and local mental health agencies. FEMA is responsible for administering the disaster assistance programs of the Stafford Act, including Federal assistance for crisis counseling services. A major disaster, as defined by the Stafford Act, is any natural catastrophe, or regardless of cause, any fire, flood, or explosion, which in the determination of the President causes damage of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant major disaster assistance to supplement efforts and available resources of States, local government, and disaster relief organizations in alleviating the damage, loss, hardship, or suffering caused by the disaster. Earthquakes strike without warning and after shocks intensify fright and despair. Tornadoes randomly choose their victims, skipping one house and striking the next.
Hurricanes can be unpredictable and suddenly change course causing the evacuation of large areas.
Disasters may be classified as either natural or human-caused. The following chart describes the different characteristics of natural and human-caused disasters. Blame is a characteristic that differs significantly for natural and human-caused disasters. Disaster survivors of human-caused disasters may blame and feel anger toward individuals, groups, or organizations they believe caused or contributed to the disaster. Psychosocial Issues for Children and Families in Disasters.