Also, the sun rotates about its axis. Pope's inquisition condemned him not directly for hearsay but for disobeying the Pope's order warning him not to debate or teach or hold on to Copernican views. He enunciated three laws of physics. A body at rest remains at rest unless force acted on it changes it. A body moving at constant speed does not change its state of motion unless acted on by an external force.
Every force has an equal and opposite reaction.
Newton gave the universal law of Gravitation. It states that force of gravitation on one body due to the presence of another body is directly proportional to the product of the two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two. Newton showed that an object can be projected outward to send it into the orbit around earth. Newton was able to explain the motion of all objects in the heaven and the earth by his universal law of gravitation. If an object is projected from the surface of the earth with sufficient force, it is expected to orbit around the earth.