Ultrasociality refers to a collective organization with full division of labor, including individuals who gather no food but are fed by others, or who are prepared to sacrifice themselves for the defense of others. Highly developed systems of cooperation and mutual support can be found in all human societies. Yet we still do not have a satisfactory explanation of how such social systems have emerged. Therefore we also cannot determine how they would or should evolve in the future . Let us summarize the difficulty.
Evolution seems to predispose individuals to selfishness.
Individuals need resources to survive and reproduce. Finite resources imply competition among individuals. Thus, without further organization, altruism tends to be eliminated by natural selection. Yet all ethical systems emphasize the essential value of helping others. Everybody will agree that cooperation is in general advantageous for the group of cooperators as a whole, even though it may curb some individual's freedom.