Severe trampling damage to supersaturated soils could occur if sites are used in early spring when there is abundant snowmelt. On sites in fair condition, these climax dominant perennial grasses showed increased yields 2 years following treatment. There was a rapid increase of Sandberg bluegrass 1 year after treatment. With this control program, a grazing system allowing for seed production, trampling to plant seed, and a nonuse period should be followed to increase establishment of new plants in the interspaces. Spraying should be completed in early spring before vegetative growth is completed.
Early season spraying also causes less damage to broadleaf herbs in the understory.
Chaining and disking have proved effective in reducing shrub density and improving vigor of understory species. The physical alteration of soil by these methods reduces shrub seedling establishment more than burning or spraying does. Disking is the most frequently used method and generally results in high mortality of shrubs and understory herbs. Herb recovery requires a longer period than with other treatments. It has numerous, large flowering heads.