GERD is an abbreviation for gastroesophageal reflux disease, which is the name given to frequent heartburn that disrupts life and spoils enjoyment of food and activities. The term GERD has been used for about 20 years but has only recently gained public attention. In the United States, about 95 million people have GERD symptoms or heartburn at least once a month, and about 15 million adults have symptoms every day. GERD can occur in almost anyone, young or old. Men and women are equally likely to have GERD, and children, including infants, are sometimes affected.
Heartburn tends to be common during pregnancy because of increased pressure on the stomach.
Heartburn, the most common symptom of GERD, is usually caused by transient relaxation or weakness of the valve at the lower end of the esophagus. This weakness allows stomach acid to back up into the esophagus. In addition to heartburn, symptoms of GERD may include indigestion, chest pain, and coughing or choking while lying down. Sometimes people with GERD have an increased production of saliva, difficulty in sleeping after eating, and asthma-like symptoms during sleep. Diagnosis is usually made on the basis of history and symptoms.