Those who abuse alcohol or other drugs. People who have a chronic wasting illness, excess stress for long periods or those who have recently undergone surgery. Those with part of the gastrointestinal tract surgically removed. People with recent severe burns or injuries. People with hyperthyroidism.
Excessive oxidation can sometimes cause harmful effects.
Acts as a co-factor in several enzyme systems. Vitamin E is a constituent of many skin ointments, salves and creams. Claims for beneficial effects have not been confirmed, but topical application probably does not cause harm. May require several weeks of treatment before symptoms caused by deficiency will improve. Freezing may destroy vitamin E. Extreme heat causes vitamin E to break down.