The Carolina bays at Cartwheel Bay Heritage Preserve do not have the expansive sand rims typical of many other areas. They do have a relatively dry area of fine sand on some sides, but it is narrow. This narrow band is where the rare Wells pixie moss grows. The preserve is an excellent birding location. Fox and gray squirrels, white-tailed deer and wild turkey may also be seen.
Fire plays a major role in shaping the preserve's ecosystems.
Historically, fires were frequent and kept the understory clear of invading shrubby vegetation. These open conditions favor many rare species like Venus' fly traps and native orchids. Preserve managers mimic lightning caused fires by conducting prescribed burns in fire adapted communities.