No subspecies, but hybridization with C. acutus threatens remaining wild populations. Head is short and broad, and a bony ridge is present behind eyes.
Juveniles possess eyes with a light iris, which is reported to become darker with age.
A characteristic yellow and black patterning has led to the name 'Pearly' crocodile. The teeth at the back of the mouth are broader than those at the front - an adaptation to crush turtles which are part of their diet. Historically believed to have occurred with giant ground sloths, it is believed that the crocodiles show adaptations for dealing with this prey on land - large and powerful rear legs with reduced webbing. They are noted for their terrestrial abilities, which includes a strong 'high-walk' and a propensity for leaping. Confusion exists over the actual mode of nesting behaviour.