Forensics Identity of tissue from unknown sources can be determined. Identification could be at the individual level, population level, or species level. Examples include high seas salmon interception, poaching, etc. There could be potential for population-specific enforcement. Animal breeding Genetic considerations are of concern in captive breeding situations as well as in wild breeding populations.
Important goals are to avoid inbreeding and maintain the integrity of genomes.
Also, many recessive genes are deleterious in homozygous form and inbreeding increases the probability of homozygosity occurring. Physiology and developmental biology Spatial and temporal expression of genes can be characterized, gene regulatory divergence between taxa can be related to structural gene divergence, and links can be made between genotypes and development processes.