Height and Weight - participants height and weight are determined in inches and pounds using calibrated instruments. Blood pressure - participants resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure are determined using a mercury sphygmomanometer. Flexibility - trunk flexibility is measured using a standard sit and reach box. The test requires the subject to sit on the ground, and reach forward with the legs extended and flat on the ground. Body composition - participants body composition is determined by the sum of three skinfolds, and the waist to hip ratio.
Male subjects have skinfolds measured at the abdomen, chest and thigh.
Female subjects are measured at the suprailiac, triceps and thigh. Both males and females are measured at the waist and hip using a standard or Gulick tape measure. Lung function - Vital capacity and Forced expiratory volume in one second are determined using a microspirometer. This test requires the subject to inflate their lungs completely, and expire all of their air as hard and fast as they can. Cardiovascular fitness - participants cardiovascular fitness is measured using the YMCA submaximal cycle ergometer protocol.