For instance, of two similar volatile toxic agents, the one which is toxic at a lower dose can be said to be more effective. Similarly, of two irritant compounds, the one which is irritant at a lower dose can be said to be the more effective. Effectiveness is also dependent on the ability of the population attacked to neutralise or counter the effects of agents once they have been delivered. The duration of effectiveness depends on the physical characteristics of the agent, the amount of agent delivered, the weapon system used and the terrain and weather in the target area at the time the agent is delivered and later. The effect of wind is to disperse agents rapidly in open country.
High temperatures decrease the persistency of agents and cause higher vapour concentrations.
Low temperatures increase the persistency of agents. Some agents may freeze thus reducing the immediate contact hazard. There is a danger of carrying such frozen agents on clothing and equipment into a warm building with the subsequent risk of toxic vapour being given off. Rain disposes, dilutes and promotes hydrolysis of agents. This reduces their effectiveness but does not make them impossible to use.