This is often a polymicrobic infection involving Bacteroides and other anaerobes. The virulence of N. meningitidis is associated with its antiphagocytic capsule. Uncomplicated infection activates complement via the classical pathway while disseminated infections activate complement via the alternate pathway. Anti-capsular antibodies are bacteriocidal. N. gonorrhoeae normally colonizes mucosal surfaces.
Humans are the only host and transmission is via contact.
Gonorrhea occurs worldwide and generally affects persons aged 15-29. N. meningitidis inhabits the human nasopharynx. The symptoms of meningitis usually begin abruptly with headache and fever. However, confirmation of meningococcal infection requires bacteriologic culture. Condoms are useful for preventing gonorrhea.