Motivation, for example, is a crucial learning tool. The author contends that humans are intrinsically motivated by an underlying need for competence and self-determination. Perceiving oneself as competent in an activity and being given opportunities to make choices about an activity increases one's intrinsic motivation for the activity. However, extrinsic motivators like financial rewards or competition can actually decrease intrinsic motivation. Feedback is essential for attaining a target performance, and fast and unbiased feedback from both internal and external customers is necessary to learn and respond to emerging trends.
Emotion is very important to learning because it drives learning and memory processes.
The author recommends such activities as games, discussions, field trips and interactive projects to engage emotions and enhance learning. Environment also can be used to facilitate cognitive processes. Multisensory environments are most effective because the more senses invoked by a stimulus, the better and longer-lasting the memory created. Social influence on learning cannot be discounted, either. The mere presence of another person can influence short-term perceptions and attitudes toward a task and goals.