To those of us who see the NII as a critical tool for the revitalization of democracy, the strengthening of neighborhoods, the release of grass-roots cultural creativity, and the revival of mutual aid, these visions are a painful warning of opportunities we hope are not yet lost. These visions fail because they won't lead to the achievement of universal service in a meaningful way. In addition, no matter how friendly computers get, they will still require some level of skill and expertise. Social transformation requires social participation, and a totally market-driven NII is not likely to achieve it. Second, these visions fail because they are too focused on individuals.
Individual empowerment can lead to upward mobility.
And not just any organizations, but specifically those that serve, advocate for, and are run by people from the parts of our society that are least likely to be able to buy their way into a market-driven NII tha rations access according to personal income. We need to adopt a strategy of working through and with grassroots organizations. An organizational strategy has many advantages. Organization usually have greater financial resources than individuals, particularly low-income people. Non-profit organizations are much more capable than individuals of soliciting donations or applying for grants to pay for a couple of computers and modems.