Whenever the interrelations between parts and wholes are discussed in ecology, the central object of interest is the ecosystem with its hierarchical connections between superior and inferior spatio-temporal levels of organization. The systems-level itself comprises features that are not predictable from the subsystem levels if these parts are observed in isolation. Such additional hierarchical qualities are nominated as emergent properties. If one considers subsystems of a grand complex landscape system, then one should also consider the connectivity among the subsystems. That the whole is more than the sum of the parts is the central theme for all holistic approaches.
Equations are the language of mathematics.
If an equation could be explained in English, there would be no need for the equations. The proof must have an equation there is some abstraction that the language of math represents. Mathematic proof is fundamentally different than physical proof. Therefore, the statement all rabbits in this field during this study were white is true. But physical proof cannot guarantee the future as can math proof, which can describe what has been as well as what will be.