Each develops from the inability to respond adequately to environmental conditions, inadequate correction of fluid and electrolyte deficiencies, and a malfunction of the system through exogenous and endogenous causes. Risk factors include infectious diseases, anticholingeric drugs, neuroleptics, diuretics, anesthetic agents, and cerebral vascular accidents.
Individuals exercising or working in a hot, humid environment are at risk.
From engine rooms to flight decks to desert sands to topical jungles, heat injuries are potential mission stoppers and are almost completely preventable with a few basic precautions. When individuals are going to be exposed to high heat or humidity it takes approximately 2 weeks to acclimate to such conditions. Drinking enough water to maintain hydration is one of the most important measures necessary to prevent heat injury. Remember that prevention of heat injuries is a command responsibility. Since appetite is decreased with the heat, individuals will need to be encouraged to eat the caloric requirements, which have not changed, and cold foods are better tolerated in hot climates.