For timber management we want trees that have a high commercial value, have good form and appearance, are compatible with the sites, don't show signs of epicormic branching or exhibit other features that enhance future market value. For water quality we want trees that are tolerant to high water conditions, can filter out or take up nutrients that are leaching through the soil, are young and vigorous, are hardwood rather than softwood, and range over all ages. Most branching and leaf development takes place higher in the tree. Epicormic branches are those that grow out of the lower sections of the tree. Think about that maple or birch you saw growing in an opening as opposed to the ones in a forest situation.
Hardwoods have dormant buds along their entire length that can become active and sprout.
Depending on the size of the tree, this branching can lower the grade and value of logs. This is extremely important when high value timber is the goal. It's not a concern with softwoods. Vigor, crown size, crown position, species, genetics, stress and wounds are all reasons for it to happen. Healthy, vigorous trees with good large crowns are less likely to branch.