While philosophy differs from the empirical and social sciences in important respects this does not mean that philosophical questions are disconnected from everyday life. What we think about the nature of knowledge and of persons, for example, will have ramifications for how we act and how we treat others. One way to characterize philosophy is by the sorts of questions it seeks to answer and the ways in which it seeks to answer them. As an academic discipline, philosophy admits of several subdivisions, each of which is itself characterized in terms of the questions addressed. Of course there is substantial overlap between areas, but here is a rough guide.
Epistemology is the inquiry into the nature of knowledge.
Metaphysics is concerned with the fundamental nature of our world. Ethics is the investigation into the nature of moral judgement and moral reasoning. We want to know what actions are right actions. Logic is broadly the analysis of the structure of correct reasoning. At issue here are rules of inference and properties of various logical systems.