Encoding is divided into translating and reviewing.
This analytical and conceptual model has brought many new details compared with its predecessors, but it was still not enough to formalize the model into a form suitable for simulation, or for the construction of a predictive program. In most organizations and companies there usually is a strict hierarchy of relationships between people. In addition, in CMC systems students lack physical and psychological cues such as physical appearance, intonation, eye contact, group identity etc. Critical behaviour, therefore, is expected to be less biased towards a tutor or a dominant peer student than in face to face discussion. Collective Intelligence in Computer-Based Collaboration .