Second, there also exists a correspondence between high levels of population and deforestation, especially in the South. However, it remains to be seen whether or not these spatial and temporal patterns are related in a statistically significant fashion. This chapter explores the empirically-based, statistical relationships among variables within the context of increasing globalization, i.e. an ever more interconnected international system. Economists understand deeply the concept of tradeoffs, and so they acknowledge the considerable gray area that exists between conserving the natural environment and ensuring maximal gains from trade. Environmentalists are less comfortable trading nature, says Bhagwati, and they to be more absolutist, doctrinaire, and emotional.
Economists see nature as humanity's handmaiden, while environmentalists see nature as autonomous.
A divergence of views is to be expected when considering that economics is a venerable, mature, and influential discipline, while environmentalism is comparatively new and developing. However, differences continue beyond the demeanor of the participants and the history of the fields. Economists seek free trade and the benefits of specialization guided by the theory of comparative advantage. Their trust is placed in markets, not governments. Environmentalists are less sure of their overall goals and underlying theories, but according to Bhagwati, they know that increased government regulation is part of the agenda.