A lip or edge of debris that builds up on the downhill side of a trail preventing water from flowing off the trail and leaving a puddle or muddy area to form. Same as azimuth. Clinometers can also be used as a level. This interval is either expressed in feet or meters. The line with a darker shade of brown, typically every fifth line, is called an index contour and usually has the elevation printed on it.
Elevations refer to elevation above sea level.
Latitude and longitude and UTM eastings and northings are nothing more than coordinates on a grid. Depressions are shown on topographic maps by a contour line with small hachure marks pointing inward. Short for Expanded Vinyl Acetate. This is the closed-cell foam in the midsole of many athletic, trail running and hiking shoes. Giardia resides in water so it is wise to always chemically treat or filter your water before drinking.