The minerals zinc and calcium are also needed for the development of the embryo. However, it is usually possible to obtain enough zinc and calcium by following a varied diet. It is important to avoid vitamin A during pregnancy since it may cause damage to the embryo. Foods containing large amounts of vitamin A include liver and should be eaten on an occasional basis only. How to avoid constipation Constipation during pregnancy can be caused by hormonal changes which cause the intestines to move less.
Iron supplements can also cause constipation.
To avoid constipation, eat lots of fibre-rich foods such as fruit, vegetables, wholemeal bread and cereal, prunes and prune juice. Drinking two to three litres of water each day will also help prevent constipation by keeping stools moist. Regular exercise will also help get the intestines moving. Twenty to thirty minutes' swimming or brisk walking two to three times a week is a good level of exercise to aim for. It is not necessary to be obsessive about your weight during pregnancy.