It may happen that the stadia reading is more than the length of the rod. By using the middle hair, you may observe a half-interval and multiply it by 2 to get the stadia reading. Sometimes the stadia constant is called the stadia factor or stadia interval factor. A convenient value to use for the stadia constant is 100. Stadia hairs usually are spaced so that the interval between them will make the stadia constant equal to 100.
Light rays converge at principal focus of a lens.
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