However, findings have not been consistent. Evaluation of harm reduction strategies is complicated by conceptual and measurement issues. Also, effectiveness is difficult to determine in isolation from the many personal and environmental factors that influence behavior. In the broadest sense, all substance use policies and programs aim to reduce the harms associated with alcohol and other drug use. The action orientation of most harm reduction strategies fits well within a range of policies and programs that, together, support the health and well-being of the entire population.
Harm reduction can be complementary to the abstinence model of addictions treatment.
Yet needle exchange programs can also link drug users to programs that treat drug dependency. Although many proponents of harm reduction advocate drug policy reform, harm reduction is not the same as legalization or decriminalization. Regardless of the regulatory system, there are ways in which individuals can gamble, or use alcohol or other drugs, in a less dangerous manner. Harm Reduction in Practice Harm reduction is part of a multidimensional response that includes addictions prevention and treatment, supportive public health and social policies, monitoring and evaluation. This view recognizes that harm reduction does not offer a simple solution to the complex problems that can arise for individuals and communities through substance use and gambling.