In heating climates, large south-facing windows are used, as these have the most exposure to the sun in all seasons. Passive solar heating designs in cold climates usually include large south-facing windows and tile floors. Passive solar designs create bright, aesthetically pleasing interior spaces. Windows can also be located to provide solar heating in cold climates or avoid solar heating in hot climates. In hot climates, north-facing windows can provide daylighting without heating the house.
Landscaping has other benefits, including natural cooling and protection from the wind.
Windows can now be designed for a number of purposes. Some windows are designed to let the sun's heat in while insulating against the cold, and are ideal for south-facing windows in cold climates. Built into the floors and walls near the south-facing windows, thermal mass will absorb solar energy during the day and keep the house from overheating. At night, the thermal mass will release the heat, keeping the house warm. An alternate approach is to locate a thermal mass wall on the south-facing side of the house, with glazing on the exterior, separated from the wall by only a few inches.