Using an elegant mathematical demonstration, Simon shows how dramatically more successful the modular-levels principle is in producing stable and flexible complexity. Nature, he says, must use this principle. In a typical national voluntary organization you can clearly see these levels of structure. First there are people grouped together locally. These local chapters may be very diverse in size and structure.
Local groups form into regional associations.
National coalitions form out of regional associations. International alliances grow from national coalitions. Here, action at each level is important. Grassroot decisions can lead to national and international policies. Networks are clustered and multi-leveled.