Exit of players for substitution must be at the team's Goal-Line. Substitution is allowed at any time. Taken from anywhere along the goal line. Corner-Throw if a defending player was last to touch the ball. The player taking the throw must position his body in the corner of the Playing Area.
Infringement incurs a sanction.
Two opposing players will line up at right angles to the sideline, near to the sideline where the situation occurred, one meter apart. They will place their paddles on the water, but not between the kayaks. The Referee will throw the ball on the water between them and the players will then make an attempt for the ball with their hands. Striking an opponents person or kayak with a paddle, or using the paddle against the opponent or their kayak for propulsion or support, or to impede the opponent. Playing, or attempting to play, the ball with a paddle when the ball is within arms reach of an opponent, and that opponent is attempting to play the ball with their hand.