Former of them did flight over solar poles. The measurements from WIND spacecraft inform about current solar wind parameters. Data from spacecrafts, that are looking for solar surface, are monitored and allow to foresee such phenomena, also in X-ray range radiation. SOHO allow for coronal mass ejections observations that also being created during solar flares. These phenomena can be the reason of the geomagnetic disturbances and storms.
Geomagnetic storm is the global disturbance of the Earth's magnetism.
Early warning about possibility of such phenomenon can be used by different branches of the industry. They can be also strong in case of the storms, for which timescale of magnetic field changes can be small. Researches, that have been done some time ago in Wroclaw, point for possible connections with heart diseases. Time correlation between stormtime and migraine attacks are mentioned in world's literature. The storm phenomenon depends on primary compression of the magnetosphere by shock wave and injection of charged particles into Van Allen belts.