He asked visitors how and why they had decided to visit the site and how they got there. Using a geographical information system, researchers plotted data relating to this and other sites. This method provides greater accuracy and showed significant differences in travel time and distance than data gathered by previous studies, calling the accuracy of earlier data into question. Life cycle assessment identifies the direct and indirect environmental effects of a product or service.
Economic valuation seeks to place relative weights against different impacts.
Combining the two, Jane Powell examined the pros and cons of different waste disposal and recycling methods. She found that the success or otherwise of waste management systems depends on local circumstances. Recycling is mostly environmentally advantageous, the main benefits arising from replacing primary with secondary materials. Collection methods have less effect on the overall result than do ultimate disposal methods. A Geographical Information Systems Approach.