Haakon VII's two successors, King Olav V and King Harald V, however, had only swearing-in and, later, consecration ceremonies. Karl was deposed in 1918 and was the last Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary. King Ferdinand's two successors, King Carol II and King Mihai I, however, just had swearing-in ceremonies. There have, of course, also been many weddings within the dispossessed royal houses of Europe. Listed here are this century's royal weddings .
Every reign has a beginning.
I am collecting photographs of the swearings-in of all those European monarchs who were not crowned. Karl von Habsburg-Lorraine , the last Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, was a descendant of Holy Roman Emperor Charlemagne. See especially the excellent web site Descendants of the Emperor Charlemagne . James VI, King of Scots , in 1603 became King James I of England, the first of the Stuart Dynasty. Mary and Henry were each others' very distant cousins, both being direct descendants, in the male line, of Alexander , the fourth High Steward of Scotland, the source of each of their surnames.