At the upper end, Level 5, many procedures are totally operated and the system is virtually risk free. D'Angelo said NASA's Johnson Space Center strives to operate at Level 5, where the emphasis on eliminating risk overshadows mere productivity. According to Troy, the much higher costs make Levels 4 and 5 unfeasible in most businesses, where some risk and losses are expected and acceptable. The number of companies functioning at Level 3 probably could be numbered on two hands, D'Angelo said. Level 2 includes standardized tasks and introduction of advanced technology.
Individual expertise remains crucial.
At Level 3, capabilities and procedures become institutionalized with the help of mature technologies. Results become more predictable. At higher levels, the cost of ensuring success becomes non-commercial, Troy said. Clearing Hurdles Organizations may decide to identify their own obstacle course internally or with the help of consultants. Many already know where problems lie, but need advice on finding solutions, Troy said.