You can also manually load the card's driver modules with insmod and run ksyms before inserting the card. If you kill klogd , most kernel messages will be echoed directly on the text console, which may be helpful if the problem prevents klogd from writing to the system log. This may work even if the system is otherwise completely unresponsive, and the EIP address can be interpreted as for a kernel fault. If this is undefined, debugging code will not be compiled. If set to 0, the code is compiled but inactive.
Larger numbers specify increasing levels of verbosity.
This can be adjusted when the module is loaded, so output can be controlled on a per-module basis without recompiling. Your default configuration for syslogd may discard kernel debugging messages. These are all most useful if you have access to a datasheet for the corresponding controller chip. It can be bound to any card, and does not interfere with other drivers. It can be used to directly access any card's attribute memory or common memory.