Pascal's work with Fermat on the nature of probability presaged the development of modern decision theory, on the basis of which he argued that belief in god, although not rational, is a clever wager . Also see SEP , OCP , Stephen T. Davis , ELC , CE , David Wilkins , TTSB , MMT , BGHT , and Robert Sarkissian . Most Western cultures have been, and continue to be, patriarchal in this sense. Also see BGHT and OCP . Italian mathematician and logician who formalized Dedekind 's insight that the arithmetic of natural numbers could be constructed as an axiomatic system.
Every number is equal to itself.
Numerical equality is commutative. Numbers both equal to a third are equal to each other. Anything equal to a number is a number. The successor of any number is a number. No two distinct numbers have the same successor.