According to their self-design, the elitism in higher education needs to be materialized by educational excellence. Typically, the new institutions used strict admission policies, resulting in the admission of every third or every fifth applicant. Strategies of Program Development Innovative leaders need to divide their focus between developing the organization of their newly established institution and solidifying the disciplinary and program structure. However, the latter brings new problems or challenges. The development of new training programs is jeopardized by shaky legal foundations.
Governments insist on keeping accreditation in their hands and typically behave inflexibly.
Traditional academic institutions are also suspicious about the independent ideas of the new academic institutions. Traditional universities often try to influence changes in the national laws to gain a solid independent statute for themselves. Institutional innovation is principally aimed at developing brand new programs, sometimes without appropriate experience or professional links to the field. Also, the new institutions may find it difficult to predict the expectations of changing societies - whether, for instance, elite education will retain its traditionally important role, or more applied services will gain new attraction. Furthermore, it is even more difficult to find the intellectual resources to serve those emerging new needs.