Average annual precipitation - 875 to 1,000 mm. Maximum precipitation is in spring and in fall. Average precipitation during the frost-free period is about 600 to 650 mm. The summer moisture deficit ranges from about 125 to 200 mm. The moderate and somewhat erratic rainfall is the major source of water for pasture and crops.
Large reservoirs provide water for cities and towns and for recreation.
Farm ponds are a major source of water for livestock. In most of the area, shallow wells supply water for domestic use. A few small irrigation wells supply a very limited quantity of water. Local streams have intermittent flow. Most of the soils are Ustalfs.