Oral contraceptives have evolved over recent decades to provide generally lower hormone doses and combinations that minimize health risks. There has been some concern about hormone pills and breast cancer. Fertility returns after the implants are removed or after five years, whichever occurs first. Menstrual irregularity, headache and mood changes are the most common side effects of hormonal implants. Hormone implants have many of the same advantages and drawbacks as progestin-only pills.
Fertility is restored several months after the last injection.
Women receiving hormonal injections sometimes experience temporary pain at the injection site and side effects similar to those with implants, including headache, irregular menstrual bleeding and weight gain. Sterilization Sterilization is a permanent surgical interruption of the pathway for fertilization. Female sterilization interrupts the oviducts through which eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus. The fallopian tubes are severed, tied with sutures, cauterized by electricity or pinched with plastic clips or rings. Women may go home several hours after the procedure, experiencing little more than mild nausea or cramping.