Public access to the area of contamination is restricted either through land deeds or a barrier such as a fence and posted warnings. The type and degree of contamination may also warrant an in-situ response. Incineration is used for combustible dry active waste and LLW containing certain organic liquids and waste oil.
Incineration can achieve high-volume reduction factors.
This technique reduces the physical volume of the waste by mechanical compression. Environmental restoration activities address millions of cubic meters of soils, sediments, sludges, debris, and water potentially contaminated with radionuclides and hazardous constituents. This Report does not consider contaminated media as LLW or MLLW when the media are addressed through in-situ containment or treatment remediation strategies. LLW or MLLW are generated when remediation strategies generate excavated or removed materials that require disposal in specially engineered disposal facilities. The deactivation process places a facility in a safe and stable condition that minimizes the long-term cost of a surveillance and maintenance program and is protective of workers, the public, and the environment until decommissioning is complete.