The first part of the Constitution takes up the fundaments of the system of government, the separation of powers between the supreme organs of government, and the rule of law, i.e. that the exercise of public power always has to be based on law. The power of decision has been divided between the Parliament, the Government and the President of the Republic. The Parliament enacts laws. The Government drafts bills and sees to that parliamentary decisions are enforced. It must enjoy the confidence of Parliament.
Independent courts ensure that laws are observed.
The Constitution guarantees individual civil rights, e.g. legal equality, freedom of expression, freedom of religion and conscience, freedom of assembly, freedom to choose one s residence, and the freedom of movement. The right to one s language is also guaranteed. The national languages of Finland are Finnish and Swedish, which may freely be used in contacts with the authorities. The linguistic rights of the Sami, the Romani and other groups are part of the Constitution. The state and the municipality of residence have to guarantee preconditions for a life with human dignity in situations in which one s own resources do not suffice.