Chiefs and other leaders preside over customary, traditional courts, though allpersons have a right to request that their case be considered under the formal,British-based legal system. The roots of Botswana's democracy lie in Setswana traditions, exemplified by theKgotla, or village council, in which the powers of traditional leaders were limited bycustom and law. Botswana's High Court has general civil and criminal jurisdiction. Judgesare presidentially appointed and may be removed only for cause and after a hearing. Theconstitution has a code of fundamental human rights enforced by the courts, and Botswanahas a good human rights record.
Local government is administered by nine district councils and five town councils.
District commissioners have executive authority and are appointed by the centralgovernment and assisted by elected and nominated district councilors and districtdevelopment committees. The government's policies for remotearea dwellers continue to spark controversy and to be revised in response to domestic anddonor concerns. Botswana's impressive economic record has been built on a foundation of diamond mining,with prudent fiscal policies, international financial and technical assistance, andcareful foreign policy ensuring success. Since the early 1980s, the country has become the world's largest producer of qualitydiamonds. Three large diamond mines have opened since independence.