If the patient smokes, stopping completely is an essential first step, since smoking not only hinders the delivery of oxygen but also impairs development of collateral circulation. Proper weight control is also very important. Exercise is an integral part of the overall treatment program. Patients often are instructed to walk or use an exercise bicycle for 30 minutes 2 or 3 times per day, resting if pain or discomfort occurs. Studies have found that following a graduated walking program can improve collateral circulation and improve symptoms in some patients.
Foot care is particularly important for patients with circulatory problems.
Wearing comfortable, properly fitted shoes and socks and protecting the feet from injury or infection are crucial. This means inspecting the feet carefully at least once a day and getting prompt medical attention for any problems such as corns, calluses, injuries, or signs of infection. These are trivial, self-healing problems in people with a healthy circulation, but for patients with impaired blood flow to the lower limbs, they can become major infections that threaten the loss of a foot. Otherwise, arteriosclerosis obliterans is a serious condition requiring close monitoring by a physician or other health care provider. Loss of limb can occur if the condition goes untreated.