In practice the culture of the Foundation is such that it enhances the likelihood of funding. If two programs view a proposal as meritorious it decreases the cost to each. If one does not recommend funding the proposal, it generally does not negatively impact the considerations of the other. If you think that your research might be reviewed by more than one program, contact the program officer of physical anthropology to discuss the matter. Often co-review is sought even in the absence of PI involvement, but discussion may be desirable.
Further information is available here .
The NSF provides numerous resources for funding of targeted questions and goals. Potential PIs should review the NSF home page often for new programs.