Terminal moraines are big mounds of earth pushed up in front of the glacier as it moves forwards. Lateral moraines are lines of pushed-up debris on the sides of glaciers. We've already talked about moraines . But when the huge glacier passes over the land, it makes a lot of changes. There are things called tills , which are all the little bits of rocks and soil that are left behind as a glacier moves forward.
Kettles are chunks of ice buried by the glacier that melt to form little lakes.
Sometimes, the glacier drops out rocky material while it is still moving, and then goes over it, creating little hills called drumlins . When the glacier moves through a valley, it scrapes along the sides of the surrounding mountains, creating grooves and striations . The countries with the three largest glacier areas are Antarctica, Greenland, and Canada, respectively. That's because some glaciers form on the water and ground in very cold places. They usually don't get very far in warm places though, because as they travel down the mountain, it gets warmer and they melt.