Viral DNA packaged into virions at spinous-granular layer border. Squames released at surface, containing large numbers viral particles. Association of HPVs with human diseases. B. Cause lesions only in stratified squamous epithelium. No evidence for hematogenous spread.
Infection stays localized.
E. Virus can establish latent infection, with no evidence of disease F. Immune regulation probably key to managing latent infection without overt disease V. Cutaneous warts A. Vast majority benign. D. Infection usually at site of trauma, spread to other sites on patient by autoinoculation. E. Can be painful or annoying, but not usually a serious problem. Can be problem in immunosuppressed patients, problem increasing with numbers of organ transplant patients on immunosuppressive therapy. F. Therapy usually topical treatment with caustics or liquid nitrogen, or simple surgical removal.