Despite the complexities, tenure reform to sustain their access to the commons is essential. Land tenure reform is a time-consuming process, requiring thorough public consultation and careful preparation. The institutional development is likely to take decades.
External support is likely to be conditional upon appropriate constitutional and legal frameworks.
To keep it in context, policy to reform land tenure must be developed alongside policies, resources and financial incentives to help the building of more sustainable livelihoods, including non-land based activities.