Emotional Expression Support for idea that facial expressions of some basic emotional states may be innate responses. Follow-up studies showed that simply moving one's facial muscles into positions associated with emotional expression can actually cause distinctive physiological changes associated with emotional state. A motive refers to psychological and social needs that are assumed to be learned through personal experience. Motivation - the process that arouses, directs, and maintains behavior. Make choices Behavior that satisfies a motive Theories of Motivation Instinct Theory - organisms born with certain preprogrammed tendencies that are essential for survival of their species.
Instincts are unlearned, complex patterns of behavior that occur in presence of certain stimuli.
Deficiency motivation causes individuals to restore physical or psychological equilibrium Growth motivation is force behind people doing more than seeking to reduce deficits as they realize their fulliest potential Maslow's Needs Hierarchy represents inborn needs arranged in sequence of stages from primitive to advanced. Extrinsic motivation involves engaging in activity for some external consequence. Revised April 1999 Jerry J. Wisner . All rights reserved.