M.D. Functional constipation is the most common cause of fecal incontinence in children, with anatomic or neurologic causes acounting for only a few cases. Its use avoids invasive renal arteriography, which may cause deterioration of renal function. Pharmacologic management of hypercholesterolemia may include the use of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, along with nicotinic acid in patients with concomitant elevation of triglyceride levels. M.D. Cervical disorders may produce symptoms similar to angina. After cardiac disease is ruled out as the cause of angina-like pain, a diagnosis of cervical disc disease should be considered.
Further study is necessary to determine optimal therapeutic regimens.
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