Typically, technological evolution starts in a confined space affecting not much more than the expert innovator. Also within that confined space, experts come to expect unimpeded access to the technology. Once upon broader vistas, spillover effects come into play. Spillover effects are consequences experienced beyond the voluntary parties to a transaction. New technology always produces spillover effects.
Experts attempt to anticipate and accommodate spillovers.
In the parlance of contract law, unintended third party beneficiaries experience positive spillovers. Importantly, note that unintended third parties lack the legal standing to sue concerning either the addition or the deletion of a spillover unless and until the unintended third party has vested a legally recognized right. However, vesting is legally impossible in many circumstances. Negative spillovers are the province of tort law, but only when the spillover is unreasonable. Thus, tort law will characterize fewer negative spillovers as unreasonable.