For example, researchers are looking at how seals, whales, and penguins use oxygen during deep-water dives for clues to treat people who suffer strokes, shock, and lung disease. The Earth's biodiversity contributes to the productivity of natural and agricultural systems. Insects, bats, birds, and other animals serve as pollinators. Parasites and predators can act as natural pest controls. Various organisms are responsible for recycling organic materials and maintaining the productivity of soil.
Genetic diversity is also important in terms of evolution.
The loss of individuals, populations, and species decreases the variety of genes-the material needed for species and populations to adapt to changing conditions or for new species to evolve. Knowledge of biodiversity has increased in the last ten years, as has the realization that something must be done to counteract the loss of species, populations, and ecosystems. There is still much to be learned about biodiversity and its relationship to the functioning of our world, so scientific research and debate continues. And results are being applied to efforts to conserve biodiversity now. Ecologists conduct research to better understand biodiversity, quantify its loss, and develop strategies for conserving and using it.