Usually know what to expect. If answer falls outside that range fault is with the investigator. Solution Paradigm provides guidelines as to what constitutes an acceptable problem Scientists doing normal research are not motivated by desire to prove useful to society display order open new territory test long accepted beliefs Scientists are motivated by knowledge that they are solving a problem that no one has ever solved before. If Normal Science is Puzzle Solving then there must be Rules. The Priority of Paradigms Do This Chapter on Your Own.
First paradigm accounts for most observations easily accessible to scientists.
For further development need esoteric equipment vocabulary and skills-gets away from common sense 3. Leads to restriction of scientists vision and resistance to paradigm change but experiments provide wealth of information and precision of data 4. Paradigm change preceded by awareness of anomaly 2. Before Copernicus had the Ptolemaic System - Problems 3. Cavendish and Priestly 4.