Teaching methods require formal discipline and feature required reading, lectures, memorization, repetition, and examinations. Behaviorism is a psychological and educational theory that hods that one's behavior is determined by environment, not heredity. See page 393 for an example of a behaviorist class activity. Behaviorists believe that the school environment must be highly organized and the curriculum based on behavioral objectives, and they hold that knowledge is best described as behaviors that are observable. The positivist position rejects essences, intuition, and inner causes that cannot be measured.
Empirical verification is central to all proper thinking.
See page 394 for a typical positivist class activity. I believe that every person is born with talent. Maya Angelou Nonauthoritarian Educational Theories Progressivism is an educational theory that emphasizes that ideas should be tested by experimentation and that learning is rooted in questions developed by learners. See page 396 for a typical progressivist class activity. Progressivism favors the scientific method of teaching and learning, allows for the beliefs of individuals, and stresses programs of student involvement that help students learn how to think.