Do not stand up against current but wait for an eddy opportunity and kick toward shore while abandoning craft if necessary. Wet exit immediately if there is any danger of being swept into a strainer. Leaders must check river levels and flow volumes or rates prior to trip. Leaders should have appropriate life-saving certification. Leaders should teach advanced strokes and braces, on land or in shallow water, before participants attempt them in a boat.
Leaders ought to have appropriate training in moving-water safety and rescue.
Participants ought to practice flotation techniques in a safe, controlled rapid. Participants with decked boats ought to be able to eskimo roll. Leaders ought to encourage participants to go after the people who capsize and rescue craft or equipment only if not dangerous and people are secure. All participants must wear P.F.D.'s at all times when on or near the water. Pair paddlers so that weak teams are not created.