Requires laboratory-grown cells to be stripped of antigens to prevent an immune response. To identify the location of approximately 100,000 human genes on all chromosomes. To determine the sequence of the three billion base pairs in the human genome. Several methods have been used to attempt mapping human chromosomes. Genes can sometimes be assigned a location on a chromosome according to their relative relationship to genetic markers on specific chromosomes.
Genetic markers are DNA base sequences linked to a disease-causing gene.
Sickle-cell and Huntington disease and Duchenne muscular dystrophy tests use genetic markers. Completed physical map of the human genome will indicate sequence of all DNA pairs. Labs using fluorescent dyes detect fragment ends with A, T, C, or G to create physical map. The human genome project helps in understanding and curing human genetic diseases. Improvements in genetic testing make the need for ethical guidelines more pressing.