Insulin controls the flow of glucose from the blood into the cells. The pancreas contains certain cells called Beta cells that produce insulin. Insulin along with oxygen and chromium move sugar from the blood into the cells. When sugar or flour products are consumed the body quickly digests them and floods the bloodstream with glucose. The body then reacts by secreting insulin into the bloodstream allowing glucose to go from the bloodstream into the cells and thereby lowering blood glucose levels.
Excess sugar enters the liver and muscles where it is stored in the form of glycogen.
Or it is stored as fat. If the body must constantly send out a lot of insulin to balance the effect of a meal of simple carbohydrates, the pancreas begins to falter. A severe drop in blood glucose levels could be a life threatening event called insulin shock. The pituitary releases growth hormone causing the adrenals to release cortisol in turn telling the liver to produce more sugar and telling body cells to decrease the consumption of sugar. The thyroid gland increases the metabolic rate to help the liver make more sugar quickly.