Laxative abuse can have serious effects. It can damage the muscular function of the bowel. It can also drain the body of water, vitamins, and minerals. Loss of minerals and salts can cause an imbalance in the body's electrolyte system. The elderly are most vulnerable to these types of changes.
Laxatives can also affect how other medications work.
There are many types of laxatives. Those most dangerous for long-term use include ingredients called cascara sagrada, bisacodyl, castor oil, senna, and phenolphthalein. Laxatives with these ingredients work rapidly and can cause severe cramps and diarrhea. Other laxatives work by drawing water into the colon. Examples are milk of magnesia, Epsom salts, and brands such as Golytely and Colyte.