Language use, the ability to imagine different futures, and the ability to learn are the primary factors which drive evolutionary change in these organizations, and in human society more generally. Threats attempt to coerce some action out of another person by attaching undesirable consequences to any failure to perform the desired action. Threats may be met with submission, defiance, counter-threats, or avoidance. Examples of threat systems include military, police, and religious doctrines of damnation. Threat systems organize people into roles of authority, of dominance and submission.
Exchanges are invitations to trade beneficial actions or goods.
The economic system is the primary example of an exchange system. Exchange systems are responsible for creating classes and the division of labor. Well-organized exchange systems facilitate productivity. However, increased production does not always result in improved well-being for all. Integrative acts are based in the agents' sense of who they are, and their recognition of others.