This points to the existence of dynamic processes leading to renewal of the surface. Such a process may be ice melting. The icy surface is covered by multiple long cracks discovered by Voyager back in 1979. The cracks are darker near their ends and lighter to the centres. As new images indicate the dark areas are formed by the mixture of ice and silicate substances rising from beneath.
Light stripes are likely to be formed by pure water ice.
The researchers do not exclude the possibility for liquid water existence somewhere under the ice Europe's surface, similar to Earth's polar areas. According to one of hypotheses heat sources on Europe may be associated with powerful tidal forces from Jupiter. The energy released due to deformations is perhaps sufficient to warm up or even melt a fraction of ice. NASA Press Releases 3. Solar activity and neutrinos The experiment Kamiokande II on solar neutrino detection is being carried out in Japan Alps beginning from January 1987.