It is still sold in Mexico as Mandrax. Metomidate is another strong sedative used for anesthesia. These drugs interact with the GABA-BZ receptor complex, like the benzodiazepines. It strongly affects second messenger and ion-gating systems. This interaction with opiate receptors may be responsible for the euphoric sensation in alcohol intoxication, as well as some of the general anesthetic properties.
Ethanol is produced by the action of yeast as a waste product of anaerobic respiration.
The chemical is toxic to mammals, though less so than other small alcohols such as methanol or isopropyl alcohol. Though both systems are active at all concentrations, the MEOS system is probably more effective at higher dose levels. The reaction path for the dehydrogenase systems is shown above. The alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme is shown below left. This produces symptoms like a flushed face and extreme nausea.