Dieback is the progressive death of branches or shoots beginning at the tips and moving toward the main stem, or trunk. The outer most layer of cells of the leaf and of young stems and roots. A complex fungal structure containing spores. A compound toxic to fungi. A gall is a more or less spherical overgrowth or swelling of plant cells.
Galls can be the result of attack by certain insects, bacteria, fungi, or nematodes.
A plant that is invaded by a parasite and from which the parasite obtains its nutrients. The various kinds of host plants that may be attacked by a parasite. A single thread of fungus mycelium. The establishment of a parasite within a host plant. The pathogen or its parts that can cause infection.