Since this crudely, hand made camera, there have been many advances. In the 1880's George Eastman invented the Kodak camera and film. He marketed a small black box fitted with a roll of light-sensitive paper and a shutter. After the roll was shot the consumer sent the whole camera back to Kodak to be developed. From these inventions, the cameras of today were created.
Light is what photography is all about and it is the purpose of the camera.
The camera is a light tight box which allows light only to enter when a button is pushed. There are two features on the camera that control the amount of light allowed to expose the film, these are the shutter and aperture. The shutter is located in the camera box, while the aperture can be found in the lens compartment. Lenses also play a big part in controlling light. In order for our eyes and cameras to form images light must be controlled in some way.