Features that represent useful properties of the scene have to be classified based on the arrangement of pixels and pixel values in the image. Image processing operations for image enhancement can be categorized as point, frame, region, and geometric operations based on the computations that take place in the image. Point operations change the output pixel of an image based on the intensity value of the pixel. Frame operations take the values of pixels from the same location in multiple images and perform an operation to create a value for the same pixel in an output image. Region processing operations create a new value for a pixel based on the values of pixels in some defined neighborhood around a pixel.
Geometric operations alter images based a geometric transformation.
Image classification techniques can be very simple rules based on observed image properties or can be more sophisticated relationships derived from pattern recognition or neural network analysis of image features. An engineer has to be able to select the key features that will make the sensor operate successfully. The application response utilizes the information from images for sorting products, evaluating biological material properties, detecting the occurrence of events , or process control. In measurement, information can be collected on the photometric or morphometric characteristics of the image. In inspection or control, the image information is used to actuate a device or another appropriate action to the information detected in the image.