An inflammatory skin disease characterized by blackheads, white heads, inflamed papules and infected pustules. It is caused by a complex interaction of hormones, secretions from the oil glands of the skin, keratin production and bacteria. The oil glands become blocked by overgrowth of keratin, which then forms the blackhead or white head, composed of oil, keratin and bacteria. The bacteria break down the oil forming free fatty acids which in turn cause inflammation.
Inflammation brings white blood cells into the area, forming pus.
In severe acne, large cysts can form resulting in scarring. The lesions usually predominate on the face, but are also common on the neck, chest and back. Acne is exacerbated by androgen hormones, especially at puberty. Acne in women can cycle along with the menstrual cycle, becoming worse premenstrually. Medical treatment includes the use of topical and oral antibiotics, drying agents such as benzoyl peroxide, birth control pills for women and topical and internal Vitamin A analogs.