Not available at this time. Not available at this time. The quantitative risk estimates are presented in three ways. Users are referred to Section I of this IRIS file for information on long-term toxic effects other than carcinogenicity. Nickel refinery dust from pyrometallurgical sulfide nickel matte refineries is considered a human carcinogen when inhaled.
Excess risks are greatest in the dustier areas of the respective refineries.
At Port Colborne, Roberts et al. While the dust levels and lung cancer relative risks were much higher in the two latter refineries, all dose-response relationships appear linear, and the tumor type and sites are the same, indicating that the functional relationship spans a broad range of nickel exposures. Fisher et al. The combined tumor incidence for refinery dust, synthetic dust, nickel subsulfide, and iron sulfide was 11 pulmonary tumors in the 348 rats. Squamous-cell carcinomas were found in two of the five surviving treated rats.