In addition, this broad dissemination can be difficult to detect. It is clear that digital reproduction is a necessary act in the process of digital distribution of scanned printed works and cannot be ignored or dismissed as a mere preliminary, technical or minor act. A digital work can be displayed electronically at many locations. These locations can be terminals located in the same room or physical structure as the computer storage device, or at remote locations in different buildings or at different sites. This attribute of digitally stored materials calls into play the additional exclusive right of public display and may divert revenues from conventional and new markets for the scanned material.
Manipulation can occur with both page images and digitized text.
Distribution of the manipulated version compromises the reliability of the underlying work, does a disservice to the reader, and damages creators and copyright owners. Further, scanned text may be readily printed out in highly polished and reformatted presentations, indistinguishable from high quality typeset presentations, thus competing directly with the originals, without diminution of quality, content, or appearance. For these reasons, copyright owners are greatly concerned about the conversion of a document into digital form, since the impact of this practice differs from and goes beyond even the existing damage from unauthorized photocopying. The Fair Use Doctrine and Scanning Section 107 of the Copyright Act provides that certain uses of copyrighted works without the permission of the copyright holder are fair, and makes clear that other uses are not. Therefore, these uses must be watched closely to assure that copyright is observed and its protections maintained.