After reading part of the Sophistes I will turn to the first chapter of Pragmatism . As I indicated in the introduction the reading of the Sophistes puts a new face on this chapter and even, perhaps, on present philosophical temperaments. Let me briefly discuss the chapter of Pragmatism . James discusses temperament. Tough-minded are empiricists.
Empiricists are more interested in parts than in wholes and universals.
Rationalistic is, according to James, closely allied to intellectualistic. Rationalistic minds start from wholes and universals. In these respects the tender-minded look decidedly like the Friends of Forms, who prefer their realm of Forms above all. Both the tender-minded and the Friends of Forms can be called idealistic and monistic. James continues by giving a rather lengthy exposition of the short-comings of the two positions, which roughly come down to the following.