The hidden nature of queer culture in Japan is not, however, linked with dread fear of violence as might be often found in western culture, but is rather more an extension of the general social disdain for overt expressions of intimacy of any sort. There are also places held for queer folk in ancient Japanese historical account, and those places - certain performers, famous court musicians, the companions of certain famous warlords, and the like, are not at all unholy or wretched. Indeed some are exceedingly noble or self sacrificingly heroic. This must also flavor the portrayal of queer folk in anime and manga. Eri's analysis of gender relationships in anime begins with a catalogue of depressing examples of female characters in stereotypical, subservient roles.
Male partners strive reach a similar level.
And as a side note, some manga have a subtle fascination with homosexuality. This is interesting, because the rest of Japanese society does not appear to be quite as enlightened. We'll leave it on that upbeat note, then, but I'd like to hear from anyone who has any views on this debate. Many thanks to Jennifer Diane Reitz, Ben Kong, Karen Smith, and Shunsuke for their help with the preparation of this page.