In particular, it applies evolutionary theory, explaining why certain characteristics have survived. The theory finds that hierarchy is natural state, that an alpha male dominates the group, and that members feel more secure when they know their place. It compares the modern work group to the prehistoric hunting group. A tenet of sociobiology is that individuals tend to favor their closest relatives, which explains nepotism. Research shows that men in leadership positions have more male hormones, and that the level decreases when they leave leadership position.
Male leader have more women around as wives, concubines, mistresses or secretaries.
One writer argues that the common bromide that bureaucrats should be politically neutral has a more extreme form in ancient China and Ottoman Turkey, where the eunuchs were neutered, and in medieval Europe where clerics were celibate. Only on rare occasions is a leader charismatic, often in times of war or revolution. Charismatic leaders do not need the legitimacy of ancestry like kings, or of laws, but know inside of themselves what to do. Examples are St. Paul, the Apostles, Martin Luther, Gandhi, Lenin, Hitler, Martin Luther King, and Lech Walesa. He is confident, dominating, optimistic, and energetic.