Polygynous, mating from mid-September to early October. Gestation about 252 days. Twins generally born in spring, single births are less common. Young precocial, and weaned during rut. At this time, small herds of fawns may be observed.
Females generally mate first time as yearlings.
Males, though sexually mature, usually do not mate as yearlings because of inability to hold a territory. Compete with domestic sheep, feral burros and wild horses. Excessive use by these species will reduce carrying capacity of range for pronghorns. Potential predators include bobcats and coyotes. Fences, and other barriers associated with human activities, not designed to allow them to pass, are detrimental to pronghorns.