The learning environment needs not be supportive and encouraging, neither do scaffolds have to be provided. The little buzzing bug crawling on the child s finger does not build on any previous knowledge when it stings it. The chaos quadrant, therefore, is the domain of serendipitous and incidental learning. It accounts for experience rather than studying or training and corresponds with what is traditionally written about incidental learning and immersion or being thrown in at the deep end . Instruction Instruction is high in instructivist elements and corresponds closely with what is traditionally written about behaviourism and instructivism.
Instruction is high in pre-planned extrinsically determined learning practice.
Its principal advantages are efficiency and focus. It is typically the domain of military instruction. Construction Construction is designed in such a way that learners construct their own meaning intrinsically by building on previous knowledge. Its principal outcome is individual understanding. Its principal advantages are effectiveness and transfer.