No one doubts that pollution in the sudsy green river killed the ducks. But in this relatively poor and extremely polluted country, there is often no simple remedy for the millions of people such as Mr. Zhang whose livelihoods have been destroyed by pollution. Though China has enacted strict antipollution laws in the last decade, enforcement is still lax in many places.
Flagrant violations occur without so any serious investigation.
Definition 2. is illustrated in the example above.