Cost Managing relationships with team members, project sponsors, and external stakeholders are hidden costs that must be addressed. The greater the different between old and new work processes, the higher the cost. Identify the gap between the technologies you have and the technologies you want. Costs will increase with the size of the gap. Separating independent tasks into parallel efforts helps control costs.
Integration is costly.
Know what you need to integrate and how much. Identify the differences among your data resources. The greater the differences the more it will cost to integrate them. Skills Organizations, like people, are information users. Skilled information users define problems, select information, analyze, interpret, and present results.