This is a misconception since they have in most cases depended on donor financing. Local governments come together and form JSC to provide road services, e.g., planning, and contract management. Priorities are set locally and JSC report to and are financed by client local governments. Central government may frustrate attempt due to lack of understanding. Local governments contract out both physical works and the planning and management of works and contracts to the private sector.
Local governments have to learn how to manage the consultants and be effective clients.
In developing countries, technical support often is required initially from a focal agency. This system demands a certain contract size to attract competent consultants to work in rural areas, and local governments may form together in JSC to achieve scale. These five models clearly can be mixed, for example, a local government can form a JSC which hires a contract executing agency to manage its planning consultants, or, a special purpose rural roads agency may hire consultants to plan and program annual maintenance. The key advantages of the centralized model constitute the drawbacks of the decentralized models and vice versa. The centralized model on the one hand is technically competent and enhances sector coherence, but has a tendency to tell local governments what they will get rather than listen to what they want.