The county is primarily rural in nature with agriculture as a major portion of its economy. Farmers produce dry beans, dairy products, poultry, cattle, wheat and corn. Central Michigan University is located in Mt. Pleasant, providing a large number of education and service related jobs. The school became a 4-year college in 1918 and Central Michigan University in 1959. Oil and gas production contribute to the county economy.
Manufacturing includes machinery for industry and food service, as well as wood products.
The Chippewa River flows through the county. There are also inland lakes and portions of state game areas available for recreational use. US-10 cuts across the northeast corner of the county.