In any given area, select a cultivar with sufficient winter hardiness. Lack of winter hardiness and associated winter damage open lead to root and crown rot problems. Good soil drainage and balanced soil fertility are important. If irrigating, do not keep the soil saturated for long periods. Do not cultivate established alfalfa stands - this may increase the potential for root and crown rot problems.
Harvest stands in early bloom and only when the soil is firm to minimize crown damage.
Numerous leaf and stem diseases can significantly affect alfalfa yield and quality. Field location, site characteristics, cultivar resistance, and yearly weather patterns are some of the factors contributing to these foliar diseases. Few options are available to aid in managing leaf and stem diseases. Early harvest is one way to mininuze leaf loss, therefore, preserving both yield and quality. Damage from leaf and stem diseases often increases rapidly after early bloom.