Asia, Africa, Indonesia, Fiji, Brazil. Adult females in subcutaneous tissues of the legs and arms. Blister forms over nematode. Breaks when exposed to water. Copepod swallowed by human.
Juveniles migrate via lymph system.
Develop to adults in subcutaneous tissues. None until blister forms and toxic fluids result in - a rash accompanied by severe itching nausea vomiting diarrhea dizziness. Secondary bacterial infections of opening are possible. Avoid bathing or wading in drinking water. Remove worms by extraction or with surgery.