The scientists' description of the human genome, released four years earlier than expected, produced several surprising discoveries including the number of human genes, the close relationship between males and genetic mutations and the slim genetic differences between any two people. Scientists said the discoveries could help them track down the actual cause of disease and tailor drug development to individual genetic profiles. Science passed another milestone on Monday with publication of the first description of the human genome , an advance likely to revolutionize the understanding and treatment of disease. Dr. Francis Collins of the National Human Genome Institute in Washington said the studies were significant both for their discoveries and the speed by which scientists have unraveled at least part of the genetic mystery. These revelations arrive almost five years early from the original predictions of not having this information until 2005, and here we are.
Genes determine everything from eye and skin color to vulnerability to illness.
Human have about 30,000 genes, the scientists found. Scientists have also learned that the genetic differences between any two people are relatively small. Celera Genomics, a private company based in Maryland, is publishing its findings in Science. A public international effort, led by the United States, is publishing its analysis of the genome in Nature, a British journal. Scientists with both groups said the best bet is something fewer than 35,000.