The earth, processes that operate within the earth and on its surface, and human interaction with the earth. Topics include minerals, earthquakes and seismology, isostasy, igneous processes and rocks, paleomagnetism and plate tectonics, weathering, mass movements, rivers and streams, groundwater, glaciers, marine processes. May include field trips.
Earth processes in a historical context.
Topics include sedimentary rocks and principles, deformation and metamorphism, mountain building and plate tectonics, geologic time, fossils, historical development of continents. May include field trips. Geology, geomorphology, physiography, geological history, and natural resources of Virginia. May include field trips. Classification, evolutionary trends, and distribution of the common invertebrate fossils.