Forest elephants live in much smaller family units.
Adult bulls are often seen with cow-calf groups. Sexual maturity is reached at about 10 years of age in males and females, although males become sexually active much later. Usually, a single calf is born every 2 to 9 years after a gestation period of 22 months. Females can remain fertile until 55 - 60 years old. Home ranges vary in size between 14 km2 and 3,120km2, depending on food and water resources.