Atherosclerosis is the gradual buildup of fat and cholesterol deposits in the arteries. These deposits slow the passing of blood through the vessels. Scar tissue and debris build up behind these fatty deposits, creating areas of plaque. The walls of the arteries grow thick and irregular and the opening narrows further. A blood clot can get caught in this narrowed channel and block it, or, over time, the deposits can completely block the passage.
Atherosclerosis can occur in any artery in the body.
When blood flow to the brain is blocked, a stroke can occur. It also may occur in the arteries in the legs, producing a condition called peripheral vascular disease. When it happens in the coronary arteries supplying blood to the heart, called arteriosclerosis, it can cause angina and heart attacks. Controllable risks that contribute to the development of disease include lack of exercise, cigarette smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, excessive weight, and stress. A. Heart disease usually does not produce any symptoms until the artery is at least two-thirds blocked.