The environment is a source of puzzles. Evolution and learning are seen as design processes for producing fit or improved individuals rather than the outworking of an ongoing physical process. Have become articulated in Classical thought, Enlightenment, C19 economic thought, etc. An extreme form is found in science fiction and writings by Hans Moravec and Frank Tipler. People do not rely on deduction in their everyday thinking.
Human experience is marked by incompetence, blunders, and acts of misjudgement.
Irrational behaviour is the norm rather than the exception. An Alternative Intelligent behaviour is not the result of a thought process obeying rules of logic, but is a way of contracting a long-term engagement with environment. We are bound to and conditioned by a culture that has come to value consistency and truth-functionality of discourse. Yet within this matrix there can be no single determining factor whether genetic inheritance or cultural influence or computational principle that accounts for intelligent abilities. New Approach Attentive to social, ecological and narrative issues.