Consequently, excursions outside the home, social interaction with friends and family, and sexual activity may be restricted. Incontinence has repercussions not only for the person concerned but also for close family and friends. It has become socially unacceptable in our society as we have developed an ever increasing standard of hygiene. Therefore, initial feelings of fear and shame are not uncommon in people who are not able to control their bladder. This may be due to perineal trauma during pregnancy and childbirth.
Damage can occur to pelvic nerves specifically the pudendal nerve.
Stretching or compression of the pelvic floor muscles can occur. Damage sustained from vaginal delivery primarily occurs during the second stage of labor. When the baby's head reaches the muscular floor of the mother's pelvis, the mechanical process of extension of the head, along with further descent of the baby, causes significant stretching and compression of the nerves to the bladder and pelvic muscles. It can also cause soft tissue trauma to muscle and nerves. Women who develop UI in the immediate postpartum period usually regain continence in the next 3-6 months.