Summary Further Reading Introduction Congenital defects can cause abortion or be present at time of birth. They are uncommon but do occur in most breeds of cattle.
Defects are abnormalities in skeleton, body form, and body functions.
Abnormalities may result from genetic or environmental causes. When the environment is the cause, adjustments can reduce further economic losses. Simply correcting the environment will remove the problem. There are many environmental factors, including disease and diet. The abnormality occurred in groups of non-related .