Court decision on the topic in the 90s, however, have favored taxpayers, and 1996's Small Business Job Protection Act shifted the burden of proof to the IRS once a prima facie case under Section 530 safe harbor principles was made, bringing some consistency and rationality to the classification and review process. Jr. Philip B. Livingston, a CPA, is the new president and CEO of the Financial Executives Institute, the elite organization of controllers, treasurers, and CFOs. His goal is to turn the organization into an Internet community. He also thinks that there is still a place for fiscal conservatism in financial statements and that poolings of interest should not be abolished. There are a number of examinations, such as the International Uniform CPA Qualification examination, which enable licensed chartered accountants of one jurisdiction to qualify for practice across international borders.
Exams are in place in the United States, Canada, and Australia.
Projects are also under way in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Mexico. Jr. A letter of credit is often used when purchasing and importing products from a foreign vendor but is also used to stay assessment and collection of a court decision. Both cash and accrual basis taxpayers may be affected by a contested liability. The CPA Journal is broadly recognized as an outstanding, technical-refereed publication aimed at public practitioners, management, educators, and other accounting professionals. It is edited by CPAs for CPAs.