Teachers need to understand what they teach and, when possible, to understand it in several ways. Comprehension of purpose is very important. The key to distinguishing the knowledge base of teaching lies at the intersection of content and pedagogy in the teacher s capacity to transform content knowledge into forms that are pedagogically powerful and yet adaptive to the variety of student abilities and backgrounds. Comprehended ideas must be transformed in some manner if they are to be taught. The teacher must consider the relevant aspects of students ability, gender, language, culture, motivations, or prior knowledge and skills that will affect their responses to different forms of presentations and representations.
Instruction comprises the variety of teaching acts.
Teachers need to think about testing and evaluation as an extension of instruction, not as separate from the instructional process. The evaluation process includeschecking for understanding and misunderstanding during interactive teaching as well as testing students understanding at the end of lessons or units. It also involves evaluating one s own performance and adjusting for different circumstances. Reflection meansreviewing, reconstructing, reenacting, and critically analyzing one s own teaching abilities and then grouping these reflected explanations into evidence of changes that need to be made to become a better teacher. This is what a teacher does when he or she looks back at the teaching and learning that has occurred reconstructs, reenacts, and recaptures the events, the emotions, and the accomplishments.