When a reference is cited, however, the author's original format is used. Mandarin may be included in the parenthesis using Wade system.
Human immunoglobulins have structural differences.
These differences can be used as genetic markers for population genetics. These genetic markers are inherited in fixed combinations termed Gm haplotypes. It has been recognized that the Gm haplotypes common to Mongoloid populations are Gm ag, axg, ab3st and afb1b3. Prof. Hideo Matsumoto of Osaka Medical College collected blood from different areas and analyzed the difference of Gm markers. He divided the Mongoloid populations into two groups.