Bureaucratic screening procedures, performance requirements and asset insecurity also act as barriers to foreign investment and could be addressed by policy changes that aim to attract foreign capital and technology. Governments can devise participatory mechanisms and adopt processes which can harness the networks, skills and knowledge of community groups and non-governmental organisations to better meet user needs, avoid delays and achieve greater success with technology transfer. Capacity-building is required at all stages in the process of technology transfer. It is a slow and complex process to which long-term commitments must be made for resources and to which the host country must also be committed if results are to bear fruit.
Fundamental change requires an autonomous capacity to innovate, acquire and adapt technologies.
A market transformation approach promotes replicable, ongoing technology transfers rather than one-time transfers. In such an approach, public policy can consider what are the set of institutions which underlie markets and what are appropriate public interventions to shape those institutions. Governments can work with the private sector and establish codes, standards and labels. This provides a framework which can work to the benefit of industry and consumers. This route can help build markets for dispersed, small-scale technologies where technologies are diverse, vendors are many, and consumers face high risks in evaluating and selecting technologies and suppliers.