The scientific method consists of an ordered process wherein tentative explanations for observable phenomena, i.e., possible causes based upon general theory, become stated as testable research hypotheses. Research hypotheses, as part of a structured research design, arise from research problems based upon theory .
Explanation follows falsification of research hypotheses translated into revised theory.
Science advances by disproof, proposing the most adequate explanations for the moment, knowing that new and better explanations will come later. In archaeology, the elimination of research hypotheses by testing them against the archaeological record occurs through falsification. Through application of the scientific method absolute certainty that a research hypothesis consists of the final word on a matter, or without a doubt the true explanation of a matter cannot occur. Research hypotheses surviving falsification remain only tentative explanations for observed phenomena. A fact can never find acceptance with absolute certainty in science.