These models are mass society, collective behavior, resource mobilization model, and the political process model. McAdams believes that under this model social isolation leads to social protest. The second model McAdams looks at is collective behavior. He defines this model as not specifying a particular condition.
Any severe strain can provide the necessary structural antecedent for movement emergency.
McAdams believes the more severe the strain, the more likely an episode of movement will appear. Strain could be defined as anything from industrialization, urbanization, or rapid rise in unemployment. The mass society does not talk of larger political context, the impact on movements is caused by environmental change, and this model tends to be too mechanistic. The resource mobilization model says discontent is more or less constant over time and thus inadequate as a full explanation of social movements. McAdams realizes mobilization literature says variations in the availability of resources are the product of shifting patterns of elite groups.