Parliament, the president, and the congress of judges each appoint six of the constitutional court s 18 members for nine-year terms. Judges are appointed by the president for an initial five-year term, after which they are subject to parliamentary approval for lifetime tenure. Freedom of movement within the country is not restricted by law. However, regulations impose a nationwide requirement to register at the workplace and place of residence in order to be eligible for social benefits, thereby complicating freedom of movement by limiting access to certain social benefits to the place where one is registered. Property rights are formally guaranteed by the constitution and the property laws.
Land reform is still in the preliminary stages.
Though, under law, citizens have the right to form businesses, these rights are hindered by taxation policies, overregulation, and growing crime and corruption. Fifty percent of the GDP is believed to be generated by the shadow economy that operates outside business and tax regulations. Women are well represented in education, in government, and in the professional classes, and there are numerous NGOs that focus on women s issues such as domestic violence. Women remain underrepresented in the Rada.