Injection may occur through mishaps with syringe needles, or through accidents with broken glassware or other sharp objects that have been contaminated with chemicals. If accidental injection has occurred, wash the area with soap and water and seek medical attention, if necessary. Cautious use of any sharp object is always important. The main factors are the actual amount of the chemical to which a person was exposed and how hazardous is the chemical. The toxic effects of a chemical may be local or systemic.
Local injuries involve the area of the body in contact with the chemical.
For example, if you spill an acid on your arm, the effect will be on your arm. Systemic injuries involve tissues or organs other than the contact site where toxins have been transported through the bloodstream. For example, methanol that has been swallowed may cause blindness. Certain chemicals may affect a target organ. For example, lead primarily affects the brain, kidney and red blood cells and some solvents may harm the liver and kidneys.