At this point it gets a bit more complicated. We have to somehow get this dissolved calcium out of the sea water and make a solid, carbonate mineral out of it so that it can sink to the seafloor and pile us as sediments to make limestone. As fortune would have it, the earth is really good at this, and its really not that big of a deal. Huge amounts of calcium are taken directly from the sea water by tiny, one-celled organisms which use it to build their shells. Over the course of geologic time , the layers of debris pile up, and the carbonate ooze on the bottom compacts into limestone, a sedimentary rock.
Dolomite is similar to limestone, but has a bit of magnesium substituting for some of the calcium.
If heat and pressure continue to rise, the limestone can undergo additional changes and end up as the metamorphic rock we call marble.