Ionizing waves break chemical bonds and microwaves create thermal effects that can induce biological changes. Extremely low-frequency radiation, also know as ELF EMFs, is at the very beginning of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is here that waves emitted by power lines, at approximately 60-Hz, are classified. Unlike its counterparts, ELF EMFs lack the necessary energy to break chemical bonds or heat tissue. Because of this nature, they were not thought to be dangerous until recently.
EMFs pose a more difficult challenge than electrocution and thermal injury.
Not only are they invisible, but magnetic radiation can freely pass through most materials. Many studies have concluded that EMFs can change the production of enzymes, cause mutations that may result in cancer, alter chemical equilibrium, and effect electrical signals in living organisms. Tomenius found that children living with homes with EMF measurements of 3 mG or above were twice as likely to die of cancer than children whose exposure was lower. Szmigielski studied cancer mortality in Polish military officers with ELF radiation exposures and found death rates that were 6 times as high as those without exposure. Gibson reported that when he exposed human subjects to 60 Hz and 45 Hz EMFs their short-term memory was impaired.