Brofenbrenner is my least favorite theorist, so you probably will not see his contributions on closed-book Test 1. We look at cross-cultural research to discover what is a biological process and what is a product of a person's culture. Sometimes, cross-cultural studies are the ONLY way that we can untangle biological and environmental issues important to development. To sum up theories of development, they can be distinguished from each other by their focus on various aspects of development. The various theories also differ in the amount of emphasis they place on biological processes versus social processes.
Every theory has strengths and weaknesses.
At the present time, there is no theory that gives a complete picture of the developmental process. Your text has rather a long section at the end of Chapter 1 on research methods. I am not going to re-do Berk's lecture but make a few comments on research and human development. First, if you are confused about Berk's description of research methods, you are welcome to look at my lecture for Chapter 1 in my Introduction to Psychology course. The section on research methods is after history and systems, so just scroll down and look for it if you need it.