They influence Purkinje cells indirectly by synapsing with granule cells in the cerebellar glomeruli. Both mossy fibers and climbing fibers are excitatory. Stellate, basket, and Golgi cells are inhibitory and modulate the activity of the Purkinje cells. Granule cells are excitatory to dendrites of Purkinje cells, Golgi, stellate, and basket cells. It controls balance and eye movements.
Lesions cause disturbances of equilibrium.
Mossy fibers from the dorsal spinocerebellar tract enter the vermis via the inferior cerebellar peduncle, which then projects to the fastigial nucleus. Mossy fibers from the ventral spinocerebellar tract enter the intermediate hemisphere via the superior cerebellar peduncle, which the projects to the interposed nuclei. This region is important for coordinated limb movements. This area plays a role in the planning and initiation of movement. Cerebellar diseases have distinct symptoms, which include hypotonia, ataxia, and action tremor.