Cover estimates are relative to quadrat size. Limitations Canopy intercepts are sensitive to wind and surveyor differences. Field sampling design may not be appropriate for all vegetation types in U.S. Difficult to pick up minor species unless a high number of points are used. Not suitable for dense intermingled herbaceous species. Not intended for plants greater than 1m in height.
Estimates are subject to surveyor bias and requires training to standardize observer estimates.
Cover estimates requires extensive training and repeated comparisons with measured data or between surveyors. Difficult to estimate cover in large quadrats. Additional Comments Requires a large number of points to meet sample size adequacy. Focus is on dominant plant species. Use of sharpened pins and pin guide helps to minimize observer bias.