The first step in organizing a debate is to specify a controversial topic. All these examples are stated affirmatively. Instead, it means that the affirmative speaker must call for change . Students should spend time thinking about the qualitative differences among evidence taken from government documents, professional journals, journalistic enterprises, and so forth. This is a good opportunity to learn something about your profession's standards of proof.
Every debate has two sides, affirmative and negative.
The affirmative affirms the proposition, and the negative denies it. The affirmative traditionally speaks both first and last. Since fairness requires that both sides have equal speaking time, this means that the negative will either give two speeches in sequence sometime during the debate, or will give at least one speech which is longer than the affirmative's. Each side can be made up of one or more persons. I recommend that each member of a side actually give a speech, but it may be possible to have a group of people doing research on a side, and select one or two of their members to do the speaking.