In Togo, journalists have been detained on remand beyond the legal deadline and for longer periods than any possible sentence could impose and in Zimbabwe the refusal of military authorities to obey two High Court orders to release Mark Chavunduka is an obvious case of contempt for the rule of law. In Ethiopia, the government claims that if journalists are detained beyond the legal limit, this is because the whole criminal justice system is in difficulty, but that the authorities are working to remedy this problem. However, a brief examination of the practice of the courts in relation to journalists suggests that the failing justice system argument is being used as a veil to hide the deliberate extended detention of journalists. It is clear, therefore, that whilst some countries have liberal and worthy laws on the statute books, the practice ensures that human rights continue to be abused. It is essential that the UN monitor not only the existence of good law but also its implementation.
Healthy scepticism can only serve to defend human rights.
Nigeria The IFJ has monitored the recent developments in Nigeria and is currently implementing a large project in that country. The initial signs from the government since the death of General Abacha have been positive, however, the country is still in a period of change where democratic institutions and practice have not yet taken root. The general information contained in this submission is applicable to various countries and legal systems, many of them more stable than Nigeria. However, Nigeria is in a pivotal position in West Africa, and its stability is essential to stability in the region. The mooted changes have not progressed sufficiently to justify a reduction in international vigilance at this time.