Supreme Court of U. S. increased from seven to nine. Canada experiences a rebellion by French Canadians. Seminole leader Osceola is tricked into surrendering and his followers are defeated by Col. Zachary Taylor who is promoted to general for his leadership. A congressional gag law suppresses debate on slavery. Smallpox epidemic along the Missouri River wipes out several Indian tribes.
Economic depression begins after failure of cotton brokerages in New Orleans.
Over 600 banks fail and thousands face starvation. William Hinkling Prescott, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Nathaniel Hawthorne. Proctor and Gamble launched in Cincinnati, selling candles and soap. John Deere invents his self polishing plow. Steam powered threshing machine.