It appears quite likely that the detrimental effects of Bt-maize also apply to other butterfly species.
Maize pollen can disperse with the wind over long distances.
Both Monsanto and Novartis downplayed the results, claiming that not too many Monarchs lived in maize fields anyway and demanding that the detrimental effects had so far only been shown in the laboratory. However, in the case of these GMOs we are talking about living toxins that can reproduce in nature and transmit their dangerous traits to wild species. We cannot consider GMOs harmless until harmful effects are fully proven. Greenpeace demands that authorities in the USA, Argentina, Canada and the European Union take immediate action and prohibit the growing of these GE maize crops. Previous scientific studies have shown that Bt crops may also harm other insects such as springtails, which feed on funghi and debris in soil and the green lacewing, that feeds on insects such as the European corn borer and the bollworm which the Bt-maize is designed to kill.