Life Cycle Muntjacs are mostly solitary animals, traveling alone, in pairs and less often, in groups of up to four animals. These deer are highly territorial and use a scent gland located in front of their eyes to scent-mark territorial boundaries. A muntjac's body is covered with short, soft hair, except for the ears, which are sparsely haired. Muntjacs range in color from deep brown to yellowish or grayish brown with creamy or whitish markings. Only males have antlers, which most species shed annually.
Females have small bony pedicels only, covered with tufts of hair.
Males use these miniature tusks, which curve outward from the lips, for fighting other males or defending against a predator. The forehead is rufous in color and a distinct black stripe generally is present along the nape of the neck. The throat, chin and underside of the tail are white. The subspecies living on Taiwan is darker and richer in color than the mainland China species. Bark Worse Than Its Bite Muntjacs are constantly alert and on the lookout for predators.