The child who is unable to work independently makes frequent requests for repetition of instructions, copies the work of classmates, repeatedly expresses self-doubt despite reassurances, and clings to adults under stress. Such a highly dependent child often feels powerless and inferior. Selection of rewards, or reinforcers as they are called technically, is critical because what s reinforcing for one child may not be reinforcing for another. In so doing, they often inadvertently reinforce undesired behaviors. Child behaviors that are dangerous to self or others should not be ignored under any circumstances.
Communication is an important part of the process.
Children need to know what is expected of them, with clear understanding of behavioral limits. This leads naturally to a discussion of punishment. Punishment may stop undesired behavior or teach avoidance behavior, but is less effective than positive reinforcement as an adjunct to attaining desired behavioral change. In setting expectations, make them realistic and achievable. When children encounter failure, show them how to correct it and move on, being quick to praise positive results.