Additionally, estrogen therapy has been shown to increase bone density in patients with established osteoporosis. Refer to table of optimal calcium intake . Excess caffeine intake 3. Evidence collected in the Cancer Prevention Study suggests that exogenous estrogens have a protective role in the development of colorectal cancer. Women at high baseline risk for breast cancer require counseling regarding their individual benefit and risk.
All women require mammogram screening according to the latest guidelines.
Pregnancy Estrogen may cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant women. Abnormal vaginal bleeding Possibility of malignancy should be excluded. Endometrial hyperplasia may progress to uterine cancer. Women who use unopposed estrogen may be at a five-fold risk of developing cancer over women who are not using hormones. Considerations when Choosing Estrogen Therapy Bleeding is more common, predictable and heavier with the cyclic regimen compared to the continuous regimen.