2pq signifies the frequency of Aa, or the heterzygote. 1 is the sum of all of the individuals in the specific population. Through this equation, a population can be examined as being at genetic equilibrium or not. Genetic equilibrium signifies a stop in the evolutionary process, or stasis. However, the principle only holds true when the species reproduces through sexual reproduction.
Genetic equilibrium is always true if five specific conditions are met.
First off the population size must be considerably large. No mutations can be occurring in the population. Environmental factors mustn t be causing natural selection to occur. Lastly, and most importantly, random mating must occur. Random mating is where each organism in the population has an equal chance of mating with another.