The focal length of an objective is dependent upon the magnification and the microscope tube length. This tutorial examines how changes in the tube length affect focal length in infinity-corrected microscopes. Alignment of the Lamp Filament - Alignment of the microscope illuminator lamp filament is of fundamental importance in achieving K hler illumination. This tutorial allows the student to experiment with the focus and alignment of the microscope lamp filament. Lasers - This tutorial explores how a ruby laser crystal works when excited by a xenon flash tube.
Lasers are sometimes useful as light sources in optical microscopy.
This tutorial explores how two representative light rays can establish the parameters of an imaging scenario. Perfect Lens Characteristics - The simplest imaging element in an optical microscope is a perfect lens, which is an ideally corrected glass element that is free of aberration and focuses light onto a single point. This tutorial explores how light waves propagate through and are focused by a perfect lens. This tutorial explores off-axis oblique light rays passing through such a system. Explore how eyepieces can be coupled to the human eye or a camera system to produce images generated by the microscope objective.