The first published in 1919, provided for three kinds of individual members, all required to belong to the 'aboriginal races of Africa'. This proviso was interpreted to Include Coloured on the assumption that the ancestors of at least one parent were aborigines. A new constitution adopted in 1943 removed the restrictions on women and non-Africans. Clause 3 stipulated that 'Any person over 17 years of age who is willing to subscribe to the aims of Congress and to abide by its Constitution and Rules may become an individual member upon application to the nearest branch'. The 1958 Constitution retained the open membership clause.
Constitutions are an important but incomplete guide to policy.
Practice is another valuable indicator. The available evidence suggests that Congress made no considered attempt during the period of legality to integrate non-Africans. In contrast, Congress in exile includes in its ranks a substantial number of Indians, Coloureds and whites. Their position in the organisation has been informally debated from time to time and is now receiving more attention because of the ongoing preparations for the pending consultative conference. A leading Congressman has circulated a memorandum on tribalism in the ANC and the question of open membership.