Thus, serum potassium values need to be closely monitored. Potassium influences both skeletal and cardiac muscle activity. For example, alterations in its concentration change myocardial irritability and rhythm. Alterations in acid-base balance have a significant effect on potassium distribution. Hypokalemia can cause alkalosis and, vice versa, alkalosis can cause hypokalemia.
Hyperkalemia can cause acidosis and vice versa, acidosis can cause hyperkalemia.
For example, in acidotic states, some of the excess hydrogen ions enter the cells to help correct plasma pH. In so doing, potassium ions are released from the cells in order to maintain electroneutrality. Knowledge of the above facts helps in the detection of abnormal potassium state when pH disturbances are present. In such situations it is possible that the serum potassium levels will appear normal even when total body deficits or excesses are present.