This has led to a significant gap in our understanding of the behaviour of large scale distributed environments, and, in particular, large scale distributed industrial environments where usage patterns may differ significantly from those of academic environments. Almost negligible read write sharing was reported. Studies of commercial environments have been analyzed by Ramakrishnan et al. This workload applications using small files, with little concurrent sharing seems to be the standard workload assumed by most research file system designs. Through the use of read and write tokens, Echo provides replicated service and really does serialize reads and writes.
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K. K. Ramakrishnan, P. Biswas and R. Karedla. ACM, June 1992. Baker et al. Ramakrishnan et al. The workload was dominated by office management and transaction processing applications.