In all such applications, the role of the computer is to process data or information and to solve problems. In solving these problems, computers rely on algorithms, which are communicated to them through specially designed programming languages. The central core of information technology involves a study of programming languages, algorithms and information structures. Algorithms and programming languages are usually studied separately. However, when combined with the study of systematic methods for the design and implementation of computer programs or software, they form the basis of software engineering.
Information structures are the basis of all information processing systems.
Large scale information processing systems use databases for the storage, retrieval, updating and protection of information. Information technology also includes the study of computer operating systems and networking systems on which applications can be constructed. Operating systems are complex programs permanently resident in the computer whose function is to control the running of all user programs and to allocate the computer's resources to them. Special purpose programs made available via operating systems include compilers, editors and other tools that enable the construction and use of application software. Networking systems allow communication between computers and processing data throughout local and large-scale networks.