Rev. Deep Sea Res . Controls on the chemistry and temporal variability of seafloorhydrothermal fluids. 1995 Evolution of East Pacific Risehydrothermal vent fluids following a volcanic eruption. D. A. Butterfield . Indeed, we believe that most of the heat is removed by fluidscirculating around and through the lava mound and underlying dyke, and that hot fluids areprimarily generated below the interface between the open water-column and the lava surface.
Fluid flow is facilitated by the high porosity of the upper ca .
100 m of ocean crust inthis area, and by the high permeability of the lava mound itself, as indicated by the extensiveventing of warm fluids from cracks and interstices between pillows. Rapid removal of heatfrom the portion of the dyke and lava flow very near the seafloor can contribute to event plumeformation, while heat from the deeper portions of the dyke would probably be removed moreslowly.