Both involve inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. However, ulcerative colitis is only present in the colon and only affects the innermost lining of the colon, while Crohn's disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract and involves all layers of the intestine. Ulcerative colitis is slightly more common among men - Crohn's disease, slightly more common among women.
Family history is a significant factor in the incidence of both diseases.
Symptoms of both diseases are similar. Researchers have not determined what initiates, or perpetuates, the inflammation found in ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease nor is there an outright cure for either. However, there are effective medications and treatment options. The choice of drug therapy depends on a variety of factors including patient response and side effects experienced. Trial studies have shown nicotine patches to be effective 'in the treatment of ulcerative colitis in its active state only.