This procedure has been written to highlight the hazards associated with the use of hydrofluoric acid, and to detail approaches to the reduction of associated risks to health and safety. This information shall be used to ensure that the risk of exposure to this substance for anyone at the University of Newcastle is as low as practically possible. It is particularly important that people who are overseeing such work are familiar with this procedure, and that they in turn ensure that people carrying out the work are also familiar with it. Procedure 5.1 Effects of Exposure Hydrofluoric acid burns are characterised by intense pain and severe, progressive tissue damage. These burns are different from those produced by other acids, in that they are related to the penetration of fluoride ions into the tissue, which subsequently bind with calcium ions.
Intense pain is the result of the depletion of tissue calcium.
Fluoride poisoning can cause hypocalcaemia, which may lead to cardiac arrhythmias and death. With solutions of low concentration, the full extent of any injuries may not be obvious for several hours after exposure. It is important that those working with hydrofluoric acid be aware of the potential for symptoms to appear after work hours, and be familiar with the procedures to follow in this event. All but the lowest concentration solutions of hydrofluoric acid produce fumes. In NSW the sale, transport and use of hydrofluoric acid is controlled through a number of pieces of legislation.