Pulmonary Disorders Chapter 73. In The Compromised Host Postoperative And Posttraumatic Pneumonias Aspiration Pneumonia Aspiration Pneumonia Pathologic consequences of abnormal entry of fluids, particulate matter, or secretions into the lower airways. Healthy persons commonly aspirate, but normal defense mechanisms usually clear the inoculum without sequelae. Aspiration pneumonia includes three syndromes based on the nature of the inoculum.
Chemical pneumonitis occurs when aspirated material is directly toxic to the lungs.
The patient presents with acute dyspnea, tachypnea, and tachycardia. Common associated findings are cyanosis, bronchospasm, fever, and sputum that is often pink and frothy. Chest x-rays invariably show infiltrates usually in one or both lower lobes. Arterial blood gas analysis shows hypoxemia. The most important therapeutic modality is respiratory support, usually with intubation and positive pressure ventilation.