The Jackson Rees circuit has an open bag. At the start of a case circle systems need to be denitrogenated with higher gas flows. Avoid nasogastric tubes if there is a chance of skull fracture. Tension pneumothoracies should be decompressed as emergencies before an X-ray is taken. Normal IOP is 10-20mmHg.
Infants have a higher closing volume that encroaches upon tidal volumes.
Children with pyloric stenosis should have their biochemistry and hydration corrected prior to surgery. Patients with type II block should have a cardiological referral to consider pacing. Patients with chronic lung conditions are susceptible to hypoventilation and superadded infection, and where available an epidural could be an appropriate form of analgesia. It is not a MH Trigger, unlike suxamethonium and the volatile agents. Fludrocortisone is a synthetic analogue of Aldosterone.