Appropriate timing of hormone therapy may also have a significant positive impact on the behavior and learning problems experienced by these boys, as well as enhance self esteem, and increase sexual libido and potency in cases where decreased sexual activity has been noted. Hormone therapy initiated after puberty will not alter established bone structure. Testosterone supplementation may, in fact, have an adverse effect. It may exacerbate aggressive behaviors present in some Klinefelter syndrome patients. It is strongly recommended that any hormone replacement therapy given to an affected male be managed by an endocrinologist and done in conjunction with supportive psychotherapy and counseling.
Infertility is probably the most difficult aspect of the condition to address.
It may be advisable to withhold its disclosure to the patient until other aspects of development have been discussed. In view of the potential treatability of this condition, the importance of early diagnosis cannot be overstressed. Parents who have given birth to a child with Klinefelter syndrome are often concerned about the risk of the condition recurring in future children. As the condition results from the chance addition of a sex chromosome at conception, its occurrence does not preclude the possibility of having normal children subsequently. Recurrence risks for some chromosome abnormalities such as in Klinefelter and Down syndrome are known to be age related.