No antivenin is available. Urinary alkalization may be indicated if rhabdomyolysis is se- vere. Fluid or blood re- placement after marked renal and gastrointestinal blood losses may be indicated. Hepatic enzymes and bilirubin may exhibit a modest rise. This will be especially true in southern areas of the United States.
Dogs are curious, territorial, and often aggressive toward intrud- ers.
Moreover, dogs are often chained or fenced in yards and can- not escape if attacked. Once the dog has incited many attackers, it is unable to escape, and a mass attack ensues. Africanized bees have been por- trayed as an agricultural and rural problem where outdoor activities would bring animals and people into contact with bee hives. Cities also provide abun- dant water and heated cavities in building walls, which are excellent nesting places for bees both during winter and summer. The key to preventing an attack is to avoid arousing the hive.