Upon entering the distal tubule, the filtrate has given up its NaCl to the gradient to counter the addition of water and has been reduced in volume. A good portion of its osmolarity is now due to the urea. NaCl is pumped out into the outer medulla with water following. Prevents dilution of the NaCl gradient. Therefore major water reabsorption is in the collecting duct and the tubules.
Extensive circulation exists in the cortex to carry away the water and nutrients etc.
The function of the vasa recta is to carry oxygen to the loop of Henle and CO2 away without disturbing the medullary gradient. Alcohol reduces the output of ADH causing decreased permeability of membrane to water even as the solute concentrations build up. Excess loss of water results in dehydration and the many uncomfortable symptoms that accompany. The latest time to start the switching from the real beer to the alcohol free beer is your first visit to jon. You can them begin to fight the effects of dehydration and begin the slow withdrawal that will prevent the death of brain cells and the pain and damage due to dehydration.