At least one opposition political party has been seeking a radio license since 1993. There are two regularly published independent newspapers, which are often critical of the Government, and several opposition parties and the Human Rights League produce monthly publications. However, journalists continued to practice self-censorship. Television, radio, and newspapers provided a relatively balanced selection of public opinion during the July and August electoral campaign. All opposition political parties took advantage of access to television and radio air time.
Academic freedom is observed in schools and research institutions.
The Constitution provides for freedom of assembly and association. The Government requires prior approval for all assemblies and demonstrations but permitted all opposition political rallies which were requested. In late July the Ministry of Interior attempted to constrain opposition efforts to support a single candidate in the second round of voting by prohibiting campaign assistance to third parties. The National Election Commission overruled the Ministry, and all opposition parties united behind the presidential candidacy of Dr. Koumba Yala. The Constitution provides for freedom of religion and the Government respects this right.