Temperature is measured using the property that different materials have different rates of thermal expansion. In general glass has a very low rate of expansion, while some liquids such as mercury and alcohol have a fast rate of expansion. This allows us to produce thermomentes made of glass tubes and glass reservoirs filled with one of these liquids. As the temperature goes up, the fluids rise in the tubes and allow us to read the temperature.
HEAT is a measure of the thermal energy content of a system.
Basically it represents the Kinetic Energy of the motion of the Atoms and Molecules that make up the system. In a solid these are just virbrational motions, but in a liquid and a gas they are also physical motion from one location to an other within the system. Heat is Energy and is measured in Joules. It can also be measured in Calories where one calorie of energy is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature one gram of pure water by one degree Centigrade or Kelvin. In a solid, a molecule that is vibrating takes up more space on average than a molecule that is sitting still.