Examples are photochemical reactions and translocations of ions in ion channels.
In photosynthetic reaction centers, the transfer of excitation energy happens within about 100 fs. Collective vibrational motions of the protein matrix and relaxation by rearrangement of small side groups occur in the ps time regime. As an example of fast processes in ion channels, the translocation of in the gramicidin channel occures in a few ns. Using a high-flux beamline at the ESRF, about 150 exposures at 50 different crystal orientation were required at each time point for measuring structure factors to resolution. The relatively large number of crystal orientations is not a basic requirement of Laue techniques.