Electricians learn their job either through an apprenticeship or informally. Apprenticeship programs last four to five years. Students have at least 144 hours of classroom instruction each year. In the classroom they learn blueprint reading, electrical theory, and electronics. They also study math, electrical codes, safety practices, and first aid.
Apprentices receive special training in welding and fire alarm systems.
On the job, apprentices work with experienced electricians. At first they drill holes, set anchors, and set up conduit. Later they measure and install conduit as well as install, connect, and test wiring, outlets, and switches. Apprentices also learn to set up and draw diagrams for entire electrical systems. Apprenticeships are often sponsored by unions, electrical contractors' associations, or electrical contracting companies.