The formation of red pigment takes place in all the cells of a plant, but for genetic reasons can only be seen in petal cells. The red flower trait is produced by the activity of an enzyme. No chemical reactions take place during the formation of a red pigment molecule. Proteins are involved in the movement of molecules through cell membranes. Proteins are polymers of sugars.
Amino acids are the monomers of polypeptides.
The sequence of amino acids is a critically important property of proteins. The genotype stores the information that enables cells to get their amino acids in the right order. Only traits involving altering chemicals use the genetic code. Enzymes are proteins that do not contain amino acids.