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Air is a gas.
Careful, scientific observation has determined that these variables are related to one another and that the values of these properties determine the state of the gas. The relationship between temperature and volume, at a constant number of moles and pressure, is called Charles and Gay-Lussac's Law in honor of the two French scientists who first investigated this relationship. Charles did the original work, which was verified by Gay-Lussac. They observed that if the pressure is held constant, the volume is equal to a constant times the temperature. For example, suppose we have a theoretical gas confined in a jar with a piston at the top.