I will discuss this problem and provide at least a qualitative explanation. Another interesting open question is the effect of nonnormality on the performance of iterative methods. This question is of importance in a number of other areas as well, and I will discuss various approaches to the analysis of the behaviour of nonnormal matrices. One of the most variable classes of DNA in humans consists of repeated motifs of DNA pairs, triplets, or quadruplets. Mathematical models for the evolution of such loci in finite populations subject to mutation are analyzed.
Genealogical methods provide a powerful way to analyze samples of alleles at non-recombining loci.
The non-recombining part of the Y chromosome has yielded a number of polymorphisms, both short tandem repeats and single nucleotide polymorphisms. We have made a statistical analysis of these and find the mean of the time since the most recent common ancestor of human Y chromosome is much shorter than previously thought. Then the scope of present research activity in the area will be presented, providing a basis for some speculations about where nonlinear science may be going in the future.