Burma, Thailand, Indochina, Philippines, Malaya, Indonesia. Physical Characteristics E. spelaea is sexually dimorphic. Hair is generally thin, upperparts dark to light brown, underparts greyish, head darker than body, neck hairs often tinged yellow. Males and females have small, subcutaneous, kidney-shaped glands of unknown function on either side of the anus. Reproduction Breeding occurs year round with breeding peaks scattered throughout the year.
Females are polyestrous and successive pregnancies can begin in the later stages of lactation.
Generally one young per birth, rarely two. Gestation lasts slightly more than six months, young remain attached to the nipple for 4-6 weeks and are fully weaned by 3 months. Behavior These cave-roosting bats generally congregate in groups of a few dozen to tens of thousands. Habitat Found in a variety of habitats including forests and cultivated fields. As the bat feeds from the flower, its face and front are dusted with pollen which is then transferred to the next flower the bat visits.