However the beneficial effects of regulation should not blind us to its shortcomings. This doesn't mean that UAM laws should be abandoned. Instead we should recognise the inherent failings of regulation and understand how these failings operate in the particular policy context in whichwe are working - spending all our resources on enforcement will not likely to achieve universal compliance or responsible behaviour by everyone all the time. By contrast, voluntary compliance, if it can be achieved, will just about always provide more meaningful, lasting changes in behaviour. It depends more on overcoming ignorance, indifference and incompetence than on prescribing concrete forms of acceptable behaviour.
Education is the latest all-embracing buzzword.
However it is not easy - there are a many approaches to choose from and it is requires careful planning and skill. What is needed in UAM is a framework to help us plan the best mix of approaches on the basis of a more complete understanding of the full range of tools available. The second paper in this series was a first step towards the development of such a framework. It presents the tools available highlighting lessons learned in comparable areas of urban policy. Compliance Defined Most pet owners are typically responsible.