As insulin deficiency culminates in diabetic ketoacidosis, ketones and lactic acid accumulate in the blood, and electrolytes and water are lost via urine. The result is profound dehydration, hypovolemia, metabolic acidosis, and shock. Hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome may also occur in diabetic cats or dogs. Treatment of this condition is difficult. Fluid therapy should be approached cautiously, and low doses of insulin should be used.
Hypoglycemic seizures can result from various causes.
If no vein is readily available, corn syrup or pancake syrup can be applied to the oral mucous membranes. Long-term management of hypoglycemia depends on the cause.