In addition, behaviors are often interpreted by humans in the context of our understanding of what that behavior would mean for our species rather than for the species being assessed. They are trained and experienced in this area and are a good resource for monitoring the progress of studies. However, investigators must also be aware of signs that an experimentally induced or spontaneous disease is occurring in their animals. They may have more contact with the animals than RAR, and ultimate responsibility for the ethical use of animals lies with the investigator. It is assumed that for vertebrates, any procedures that would be expected to cause more than slight or momentary pain or distress in a human being will cause similar pain or distress in an animal, unless scientifically demonstrated otherwise.
Distress is defined as a maladaptive response to a stressor.
Certain procedures are always assumed to have the potential for causing pain or distress. The earliest endpoint possible should be used to prevent pain or distress. Animals subjected to these and similar conditions are expected to receive appropriate monitoring and any necessary supportive care , analgesia , or anesthesia to prevent pain or distress. Despite these precautions, pain or distress may occur as a consequence of a study or a spontaneous disease. The RAR veterinarian will consult with the investigator to develop a plan for treatment of animal animal health problems.