Colonies live in mounds of dirt that may be more than 18 inches high. There may be hundreds of thousands of worker ants in a mature colony. In many areas, each mound contains many queen ants, each producing eggs. In areas infested with this form of the ant, they can build 200 to 800 or more mounds per acre in untreated areas. Worker ants from multiple queen colonies are not territorial and do not attack neighboring ant colonies, but instead move freely from mound to mound.
Fire ants disperse naturally through mating flights and mass migrations of colony members.
When land is flooded, colonies form a mass of floating ants and float to new locations in flood water. Since fire ants travel from yard to yard, a coordinated attack is the most effective way to reduce the fire ant population. Controlling the fire ant problem in urban areas will be more successful if tackled on a neighborhood-wide scale. The second step is treating only undesirable or nuisance mounds on an individual basis between broadcast applications of ant baits once or twice per year. By letting the bait treatments eliminate most of the ant colonies, few mounds will need to be treated.