Devise fish culture that is less domesticating. Geographically isolate hatchery-produced salmon stocks from wild stocks. Rigorously monitor and evaluate stocking programs, and act on the results. When significant reason exists to suspect that stocking will yield unsatisfactory returns or will harm a wild population, do not stock. The people and institutions charged with managing wild salmon and salmon habitats in the Northwest have failed.
Good science is necessary for good management.
Good ecological and fisheries science, and good scientific method, are not sufficient for good management, but they are necessary. This entire paper is an argument for the need to base salmon restoration efforts on the accumulating body of scientific information about salmon and their ecosystems. For instance, restoration efforts must have clear objectives, and then careful monitoring to permit adaptive learning and accountability. Management for salmon means management of people. Good science is not sufficient for good management.