The incidence rate has been climbing steadily since 1982, although this may be due to a greater awareness of the disease and the promotion of self-examination. Early signs of breast cancer include the presence of a small painless lump, a change in the nipple shape and thick or dimpled skin on the breast. Signs occurring later in the course of the disease include nipple discharge, pain and swollen lymph nodes in the armpit area. A positive finding by mammography must be confirmed by biopsy. Ongoing clinical trials are examining the use of chemotherapy to reduce the rate of recurrence.
Cancer originating in the breast can metastasize and infect the skin, bone, lung and liver.
This page contains interesting information compiled by the American Cancer Society concerning recent results in breast cancer research. Information is presented in a scientific style. Non-scientists may have difficulty with some of the terminology but should find the content interesting and useful. This site duplicates much of the same information as other breast cancer sites but is unique in providing a clinical trials page allowing viewers to access information about joining ongoing trials for new therapies. University of Iowa Plastic Surgery Gives detailed information on the various options for breast reconstruction.