We assume that one must climb to the top for the big payoffs. Performance evaluations focus on individuals. There s little regard for the social context in which human behavior occurs. Motivation is based on an individual, differential reward system. We assume we have to look out for Number One.
Individuals compete for personal power and scarce resources.
In this zero-sum game, everyone gains power at someone s expense. Your gain is my loss. My success diminishes you. If you have something I want or need, I am jealous or envious of you. I m determined not to be at the bottom in the great totem pole of life.