Some civil engineers specialize in the study of the physical characteristics of soils and rocks and the design of foundations. Others concentrate on the management of water resources, including the construction of flood control and irrigation systems, hydroelectric power plants, and water supply and sewerage systems. Still others are concerned with designing transportation systems and methods of traffic control. Many civil engineers are involved in city planning and urban renewal programs. Electrical engineering deals with the development, production, and testing of electrical and electronic devices and equipment.
Electrical engineers design equipment to produce and distribute electricity.
Electrical engineers also design and develop electric motors and other electrical machinery as well as ignition systems used in automobiles, aircraft, and other engines. They work to improve such devices as air conditioners, food processors, and vacuum cleaners. Electrical engineers who specialize in electronic equipment are often referred to as electronics engineers. Electronics engineers play an essential role in the production of communications satellites, computers, industrial robots, medical and scientific instruments, missile control systems, and radar, radio, and television sets. Some engineers in the electronics field develop master plans for the parts and connections of miniature integrated circuits, which control the electric signals in most electronic devices.