For routine sterilization, an autoclave is used. This permits application of steam heat under pressure at temperatures above the boiling point of water. Pasteurization rids the material of pathogenic microorganisms, and reduces the growth of spoilage microorganisms to prolong storage life. Under appropriate conditions, electromagnetic radiation effectively controls microbial growth. Ultraviolet radiation is useful for decontaminating surfaces, and materials that do not absorb light, such as air and water.
Ionizing radiation is necessary to penetrate solid or light-absorbing materials.
Ionizing radiation is very effective for sterilization and decontamination. Define the decimal reduction dose for radiation. Section 18.3 Filter sterilization involves the removal of living microorganisms from liquids. Membrane filters are widely used for sterilization of heat-sensitive liquids in the laboratory. Chemicals are often used to control microbial growth.