This does not mean that your cat is being abnormal, dirty or spiteful. Emotional causes of litter box problems, while they do occur, are rare. Usually the problem is related to one of many different initiating causes. If your cat defecates and urinates outside the litter box, then something about the box itself may be aversive to your cat. This may be due to the litter, the box itself, or its location.
Cats are very sensitive to the texture and odor of their litter.
Many dislike large-grained, dusty or perfumed litter. They often object to sudden changes in litter. Cats may dislike the noises, smells and tactile sensations associated with the fizzing of baking soda. Litter boxes cleaned with a strong disinfectant rather than plain soap and water often have a disagreeable odor to your cat. In addition, many cats are sensitive to the cleanliness of their litter boxes, and they will avoid a dirty box.