We then moved on to a discussion of Grice's ideas on meaning and intentions. The speaker first forms an intention, then communicates that intention. Grice distinguishes between two sorts of meaning. When we violate conversational norms, it alerts people to our intentions. Grice would say the speaker.
Intentions are in people's heads.
In some cases, the listener can contribute to meaning and have some effect on the meaning of the conversation. The speaker has an intention to communicate a certain meaning and produces an utterance to convey that meaning. This utterance is jointly construed by both the speaker and listener. If the listener misinterprets, the speaker's intention will have been miscommunicated. A distinction should be made between the meaning of the utterance, and the meaning that the speaker intended to convey.