African-Americans come to the mines, some leave California for British Columbia. Steamboats fill the rivers. The Port of San Francisco becomes notorious for shanghaiing sailors. The Indian population shrinks. The Southern Pacific monopolizes rail traffic to and from California.
Farmers rebel against high-handed railroad tactics.
After ten years of depression, the boom begins again. As California enters the twentieth century, its wine and citrus industries are flourishing. Basques from the Pyrenees raise sheep. Cattle ranchers and cowboys sing songs from Mexican California and from the southern Appalachian mountains. Temperance and Suffrage, Cars and Movie Stars Women organize against heavy drinking, sing militant songs.