CK-MB measurements are the current standards for diagnosing heart attack. Others include fibrinogen, a protein involved in blood clotting, and C-reactive protein, a product of the inflammatory process. Markers that show a very strong inflammatory response in patients with unstable angina may be important indicators for aggressive treatment. A blood count is also taken. A chest x-ray may be taken.
Echocardiograms are useful for determining damage from a heart attack, although areas can be missed.
Pain Relief Nitroglycerine, morphine, or both are used in the management of pain. They should be used cautiously, however, since they can severely reduce blood pressure. A patient will usually receive nitroglycerin, first under the tongue and then, if necessary, intravenously. Nitroglycerin decreases blood pressure and dilates the blood vessels around the heart, increasing blood flow. Morphine can decrease blood pressure and slow down the heart.