Generate alternative solutions. Issues in decision making 1. Review Vroom et.al . This is the issue of centralization v. decentralization and addresses the issue of where decisions are made. Should they be made by central administration, the top of the hierarchy, or should they be made at the peripheries, on the edges of the organization.
Lower management tends to confront a more certain environment and make more routine decisions.
Normally the top delegates to lower downs a restricted area of decision. Which may mean that although they appear to be making decisions they are just applying a present program to anticipate demands. Empowerment of lower level alters this. You want them to buy into the decision. Participation aids this process.