These germs enter the body through the moist mucous membranes in the mouth, nose and eyes, after one comes into contact with the virus. Once inside the body, the germs multiply and cause symptoms like runny nose, sore throat, vomiting and diarrhea. The child's body tries to defend itself, but since a child's immune system is not as mature or effective as an adult's, they tend to get sick more often and stay ill longer. Antibiotics will not help these viral illnesses. There are some childhood illnesses that are caused by bacteria, for which antibiotics are helpful.
Illnesses caused by bacteria are usually more severe than viral illnesses.
Viral cold symptoms may last one or two weeks, and viral-related vomiting and diarrhea may last at least a few days. The most important measure that families can practice to protect their children from illness is good hygiene. This means avoiding shared cups and utensils and washing hands before meals, after using the bathroom or after getting out of bed. Keeping the home free of dust and tobacco smoke or odors is helpful in avoiding irritation to mucous membranes. There may be a sore throat.