With globalization we're going to see a whole new breed of global monopolies. Mergers, acquisitions, hostile takeovers, and predatory pricing - I guess these pretty much make up the Monopoly Toolkit. The members of such a clique compete in a narrow sense, jockying for relative market shares, but at a macro level they are more accurately viewed as collaborators. Similarly mafia dons or drug gangs might elbow each other's territories, but mainly they're collaborating in maintaining their collective hegemony. The same pattern is shown below for the airline majors.
Finance capital likes industrial monopolization, but strongly prefers the clique variety.
May the market be with you. Thanks C. Mueller for the article. The following is my editorial introduction to an article in a forthcoming issue of my journal by Dr. Fred C. Allvine of the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta. The Tobacco Trust followed the same pattern, taking over roughly 150 competitors and emerging with a comparable share when it, too, was condemned by the Court in a companion ruling in 1911. Because it's costly.