Nearly one in four people age fifty and over will die within one year of hip fracture. In addition to the physical limitations and pain, these fractures can promote fear of additional falls or loss of independent living, and depression. Several types of test exist, but all are painless, noninvasive, and safe. Bone mass declines with age in all people. Gender, race, and build, as well as lifestyle choices such as diet and exercise also influence the rate of decline.
Early menopause is one of the strongest predictors for osteoporosis.
However, lifestyle and medications can help maintain bone strength. Studies suggest that weight-bearing exercise can reduce bone loss. In this case, walking is a better exercise than swimming. Medications can also reduce bone loss. The Recommended Daily Allowance of calcium is 1,200 to 1,500 mg daily.