Children between three and five years view death as impermanent and liken it to sleep from which one eventually wakes. The funeral is a public forum for sympathy and support for the bereaved, and an endorsement of spiritual beliefs. This article was included because specialised death rituals are universally valued, and their likely deprivation is an unknown variable in the multitude of stressors that confront refugees. Contributions of anthropology to the methods of studying child rearing. Culture determines beliefs about the nature of children and the process of childhood, which inform parenting styles.
Household sleeping arrangements are also richly varied.
The economic roles of parents interact with household composition to predict the age at which independence and responsibility training begin. Remote or communal housing will often determine the social roles of children, and their locus of behavioral restraint. Isolated children are more self-reliant, their behaviors modified by threats of injury and abandonment. Children who socialize with age peers learn the value of cooperative interdependence and self-control. The social and class structures of a society will also determine children's gender and economic roles, and social positions within their family and society.