Sow seed in March and April. Flowers occur several weeks later. Last to be killed by frost. Midsummer sowing ensures an abundance of fall flowers. Growth rate is fast.
Flowers occur before foliage is seen.
Fertilize in late fall after flowers. Foliage matures in late fall and early winter and dies in early spring. Flowers poorly in deep shade. Growth rate is fast. May be annual, perennial, or biennial, but treat as an annual.