Thus, multiple random mutagenic events may occur, greatly increasing the probability of a damaging some gene important to food quality. The risks related to manipulating the genomes of food-producing organisms are inherent in the mechanisms by which recombinant DNA techniques bring about genetic change. Each transgenic food-producing organism will undergo different mutagenic events, and respond to the genetic information introduced into it differently, leading to the range of unexpected alterations described above. Therefore there is no scientifically valid justification for such extrapolations. Ambiguities of Genetic Information.
Genes contain two distinct kinds of information, structural and regulatory.
Structural information specifies the amino acid sequence of proteins, and consists of the genetic code, which was elucidated in the 1960's. This code is, with a few exceptions, identical for all terrestrial organisms. Thus, the structural information contained in a given piece of DNA is predictable. However, the story is quite different for regulatory information. Transcription, translation, replication, recombination, and other processes involving DNA and RNA are controlled by regulatory information encoded in DNA or RNA sequences.