Leaf mines are usually on the ventral leaf surface, except in heavy infestations when both leaf surfaces are used. As with similar leafminers, larvae are protected within the leaf during their feeding cycle. Larvae have four instars and development takes from five to 20 days. Pupation is within the mine in a special pupal cell at the leaf margin, under a slight curl of the leaf. Pupal development takes six to 22 days.
Adults live for only a few days.
Florida generations are produced about every three weeks. A pheromone to attract males of CLM has been developed in Japan by Ando et al. Most work has been done using chemical control, especially in India. An encyrtid parasitoid, Ageniaspis citricola , was introduced from Australia to Florida in 1994-95, and seems to have the key element in suppressing this leafminer to an acceptable level. Selected References Ando, T., K.Y. Taguchi, M. Uchiyama, T. Ujiye, and H. Kuroko.