Anadromous fish benefit from both freshwater and marine habitats. Freshwater streams have fewer predators and are safer for the development of young fish. Marine habitats have more abundant food and may support more rapid growth and larger fish. Habitat Requirements Steelhead, like all salmon, need clean, cool water with plenty of oxygen and low amounts of suspended solids and contaminants. They also need gravel and rocks to spawn.
Fine sediment is lethal to steelhead.
It clogs the spaces between the rocks and gravel, buries the eggs, and prevents oxygen and flowing water from reaching the eggs. Sediment can also damage the gills of adult steelhead. Steelhead and salmon also require large woody debris and deep pools in the river, which provide refuge from predators and resting places during storms. Deep pools give steelhead cool water when shallow areas warm up in the summer. Life History Steelhead have a summer run and a winter run.