Local varieties are grown in the entire area without fertilizer applications. However, the area is considered as only partially irrigated because of an undependable water supply, which limits yields. The lack of improved technologies for the rainfed lowland and the partially irrigated areas also keep yields low. Rice producers have to deal with low price incentives and the lack of credit. In addition there is a shortage of inputs such as fertilizers.
Labor shortages occur during peak periods.
There is also declining soil fertility because of environmental degradation and the increasing cultivation of marginal lands. Production opportunities Nepal set for itself the goal of doubling rice production within the 1990s and elevating the income and nutritional status of small farm households by the year 2000. Meeting those goals depends on raising yields and intensifying cropping, which are difficult tasks.