Eastern Gall Rust, caused by Cronartium quercuum f. sp. It can, however, cause serious damage in nurseries where seedlings become infected and die.
Losses also occur when infected, outplanted stock dies.
A variety of pines are primary hosts, but Virginia, sand, and shortleaf pines are the most susceptible. Identifying the Fungus. Orange spores are produced on the lower surface of the oak leaves. Later, hairlike structures are produced on the oak leaves. Identifying the Injury.