Students know many characteristics of an organism are inherited from the parents. Some characteristics are caused or influenced by the environment. Students know there is variation among individuals of one kind within a population. Students know light, gravity, touch, or environmental stress can affect the germination, growth, and development of plants. Students know flowers and fruits are associated with reproduction in plants.
Earth is made of materials that have distinct properties and provide resources for human activities.
Students know smaller rocks come from the breakage and weathering of larger rocks. Students know that soil is made partly from weathered rock and partly from organic materials and that soils differ in their color, texture, capacity to retain water, and ability to support the growth of many kinds of plants. Students know that fossils provide evidence about the plants and animals that lived long ago and that scientists learn about the past history of Earth by studying fossils. Students know rock, water, plants, and soil provide many resources, including food, fuel, and building materials, that humans use. Scientific progress is made by asking meaningful questions and conducting careful investigations.