Despite the work of many scientists, the problem remains unsolved. Smolin suggests a radical new theory that represents a distinct departure from all the ideas put forth thus far. He contends that natural selection plays the same role in the creation and evolution of the universe as it does in the evolution of life on earth . Moreover, Smolin proposes a version of this theory which is makes testable predictions. He then explains how it is that this theory will be tested by astronomical observations in the next few years.
Black holes spawn new universes .
Large astronomical systems such as galaxies organize themselves through mechanisms analogous to those that govern biological and ecological systems. There are cycles and feedback mechanisms that govern the processes of star formation which manifest themselves in the beautiful patterns observed in the disks of the spiral galaxies. The universe creates itself through natural selection and self-organization. There is no need for an external creator. One cannot say the city was planned by any one person but the resulting effect is nothing if not the intention of the inhabitants of the city.