The joint usually swells and is very painful when manipulated. More commonly, damage to the ligament is thought to be caused by chronic degenerative changes which result in joint instability. These changes can lead to inflammation and damage to the articular cartilage of the joint. The cartilage begins to degenerate and erode, with changes in the surrounding bone occurring. This signals the beginning of arthritis and can lead to permanent dysfunction of the joint.
Inflammatory changes are usually apparent within one week of injury.
Therefore, quick repair of the affected joints is critical to the dog's prognosis for recovery. The joint must be stabilized as soon as possible if the dog is expected to return to former activities. Diagnosis Your veterinarian can diagnose rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament by physical examination of the joint and with radiographs. This will detect the abnormal forward movement of the tibia relative to the femur, which is normally held in a stable position. In acute rupture, radiographic examination can eliminate the suspicion of fractures or other injuries.