We will come back to this later. The Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II and III contain a 64-bit data bus. In order to map previous memory into addr. The vertical and horizontal dimensions are usually very similar, for an aspect ratio of unity . This strategy works well for memories up to 64 Kbits to 256 Kbits.
Larger memories suffer to suffer excess delay along bit and word lines.
Refreshing occurs automatically during a read or write. Internal circuitry takes care of refreshing cells that are not accessed over this interval. This special refresh occurs transparently while other memory components operate and is called transparent refresh or cycle stealing . The capacitors are recharged for the selected row by reading the bits out internally and then writing them back. For the 8086, a read or write occurs every 800ns .