Procedure Multiple 2-inch diameter samples of each membrane were tested simultaneously to reduce experimental error. Sodium chloride passage was monitored throughout the test as a measure of membrane integrity. Flow conditions across the cell were determined empirically by a plot of D P vs. flow rate. The test cells used for these tests are shown in Figure 3. The flow through the test cell is shown in Figure 4.
Feed enters the cell at the base and is directed to the center of the membrane sample.
The concentrate then flows radially across the membrane surface to the concentrate outlet port located at the periphery of the cell. The concentrate then passes through a concentrate valve and flow meter. The concentrate flow is controlled by adjusting the concentrate valve. The membrane is backed by a SS porous disc. The permeate then exits the test cell and returns to the feed tank.