Small units of matter are called atoms. Their mass is measured in units called Daltons . Different atomic forms caused by varying the number of neutrons. Some isotopes are radioactive, they undergo a transformation to gain a stable condition. This transformation is called the half-life of the isotope.
All electrons have the same mass and charge.
Electrons closer to the nucleus contain less potential energy. The farther away from the nucleus the more potential energy they contain. These different states of potential energy are called energy levels. Each level is divided into subunits called orbitals. No more than 2 electrons can occupy the same orbital.