There are however, indications that obesity which develops later in childhood and adolescence may likely persist in adulthood. There is evidence that Canadian children are experiencing a weight-gaining trend. This weight-gaining trend is attributed primarily to a lack of physical activity rather than inappropriate eating patterns. There is at least general agreement that severe calorie restriction is not recommended except in very critical situations. Establishing healthy eating and regular physical activity patterns form the cornerstone of treatment, but punitive-like actions like food restriction and attitudes that have children exercising for the sole purpose of losing weight are not promoted.
Childhood obesity is related to many of the same cardiovascular risk factors as is adult obesity.
Obese children have elevated blood pressures and elevated total cholesterol and decreased HDL cholesterol relative too thinner children. Obesity is not only associated with many health problems but is also related to psychological, social and economic problems such as negative body image and negative views or anti-fat attitudes of society towards obesity. Today, a large number of open-heart surgeries are performed every year, with excellent results. Open heart surgeries include heart valve replacement, coronary artery bypass surgery, heart transplants, and numerous others. One of the problems with open heart surgery that has yet to be resolved is the problem of neurological deficits following surgery.