The species is very prolific and will breed throughout the year. Several litters may be produced annually, averaging 2 to 15 per Jitter. Therefore, several generations may live in the same nest at one time. The average life span is 6 months Damage Cotton rat populations have great fluctuations and cause the most-serious damage during population peaks. They may damage a variety of crops including alfalfa, grains, grasses, vegetables, peanuts, fruit crops, sweet potatoes, and sugar beets.
Cotton rats are especially troublesome in sugarcane and melons.
Since these animals will eat quail eggs, a high cotton rat population may have a detrimental impact on quail nesting success. Cotton rats also compete with quail for the same foods. Legal Status Cotton rats are not protected in most states. Some states classify them as non-game mammals. They may be taken if causing damage.