Most bowel obstructions occur in the small intestine and are usually caused by scar tissue or hernias. The symptoms will vary as to whether the small or large intestine is involved. The most common cancers that cause bowel obstructions are cancers of the colon, stomach, and ovary. Other cancers, such as lung and breast cancers and melanoma, can spread to the abdomen, causing bowel obstructions. Patients who have had abdominal surgery or radiation are at a higher risk of developing bowel obstruction.
Bowel obstructions are most common during advanced stages of cancer.
To determine the presence of a bowel obstruction the doctor will perform an examination. The examination may include blood tests, urine tests, abdominal x-rays, or a barium enema. The doctor will try to determine how much pain the patient is experiencing, if he or she has been vomiting, and whether there is any movement of gas or stool in the bowel. Medical treatment is necessary to prevent fluid and blood chemistry imbalances and shock. Surgery may also be needed, but may not always be possible.