University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. Brief mention of Sphecius in comparison with other wasps, such as in digging behavior. Felt, E.P. 1906. Notes on the cicada-killer. Hastings, J. 1986.
Larger females are more successful foragers.
Hastings, J. 1989. Larger males have greater ability to hold territories and presumably greater mating success. Hastings, J. 1989. Males emerge before females, but both have remarkably short lifespans. Howes, P.G. 1919.