The project has developed maps of the human genome, that is, a set of closely spaced molecular landmarks to guide gene hunters. Project scientists also are mapping the genome of the laboratory mouse. Genome researchers have identified almost half of the 80,000 or so human genes, and completed the DNA sequence of two important microbial genomes, the bacteria E. coli and baker's yeast. As new human sequence is deposited, scientists are using this information to understand how genes function, how genetic material varies between people, and how certain genetic variations can predispose to disease. Just as important, the public Human Genome Project spends 5 percent of its research budget on studies of the ethical, legal, and social implications of new genetic technologies.
Funding also is provided to improve current sequencing technology.
First, the Human Genome Project will provide a truly complete and highly accurate reference genome sequence. That level of completeness is necessary to provide researchers with the best possible tool for understanding the function of genes and their role in human health and disease. Second, the public effort will sequence mapped DNA fragments derived from known locations in the genome, so scientists can be certain which region they are studying. Finally, the public project will post its sequence in a freely accessible database within one day of obtaining the data, allowing all scientists immediate access to the data. The Human Genome Project is sequencing DNA collected from a number of volunteers whose identity will remain secret to protect their privacy.