This is a fundamental weakness in democratic government. But it is possible to control the effects of factions. Madison argues that a republican form of government can do this. In essence, elected representatives act as guardians of the common good. Factions can form among representatives.
Authority is distributed among several institutions.
The idea is that a faction forming in one institution can be countered by the members of other institutions. For example, a proposed law in the U.S. must be considered by both Houses of Congress and the President. Furthermore, the law can be reviewed by the Supreme Court. There are four major opportunities for the proposal to be blocked. These are veto points.