Winter squash are harvested after dark colors develop. The skin is usually thicker than summer squash and the seeds larger due to the stage of maturity at which the fruit is picked. Judging ripeness Melons are harvested at more mature stages of development to allow higher sugar content in the fruit. Muskmelons should still be relatively firm and sweet smelling. Excessive softness may be a sign of bruising or over-ripening.
Honeydews are sweet smelling when ripe.
The seeds will loosen and can be heard when the fruit is shaken. Watermelons are much more challenging. The underside of the fruit should change colors from white to yellow. A mature melon will also produce a dull thud when thumped. Tomatoes are a bit of a challenge in our area.