During this period they must utilize stored body fat as a source of reserve energy. Body condition scores indicate the amount of stored energy available to the cow. In early lactation one kg of body fat provides the energy needed for 7 kg of milk. Lactating cows will utilize about 1 kg of stored fat daily in order to meet their energy requirements. As a result ketosis may occur and the interval to conception will be prolonged.
Cows gain condition most efficiently during late lactation.
No weight loss or gain in condition should occur during the dry period unless needed. National Research Council 1989 recommends 1.35 kg crude protein and 6.3 kg TDN daily for a 700 kg dry cow. The close-up dry period comprises the 2 to 3 weeks prior to calving. During this time lead feeding, milk fever prevention and maternity facilities must be emphasized. In late pregnancy the enlarging uterus occupies more of the abdominal cavity.