The philosopher Karl Popper suggested that it is impossible to prove a scientific theory true by means of induction , because no amount of evidence assures us that contrary evidence will not be found. Instead, Karl Popper proposed that proper science is accomplished by deduction . Deduction involves the process of falsification .
Falsification is a particular specialized aspect of hypothesis testing .
It involves stating some output from theory in specific and finding contrary cases among experiments or observations. The methodology proposed by Popper is commonly known as the hypothetico-deductive method . Popper's version of scientific method first begins with postulation of a hypothesis . A hypothesis is an educated guess or a theory that explains some phenomenon. A prediction is a forecast or extrapolation from the current state of the system of interest.