The leader reads it aloud, sets time limits, gives examples of how responses might be presented, assigns roles, and begins the exercise. As role playing pro gresses, time checks are helpful to keep participants focused and directed toward presenting their characters' full positions and reaching closure. Props, such as hats or clothes, sometimes help people get into their roles. A news print pad and markers are useful to record comments during the evaluation period. Index cards or pads of paper encourage participants to make notes.
Evaluation is essential to the outcome.
Role playing is sometimes done spontaneously, without a scripted situation or roles. In Santa Rosa, California, the city worked with community members on the impacts of discharging treated wastewater into the river. Through spontaneous role playing, with participants arguing on behalf of other people's preferences, the administration was able to understand better the public percep tion of wastewater discharge. Agencies create stronger participation by building on the increased under stand ing of issues and positions that result from role play. Role playing helps flesh out or clarify participants' opinions.