Porphyrins, in combination with iron, form hemes, which in turn combine with specific proteins to form hemoproteins. Hemoglobin is a hemoprotein, as are many other substances that are essential to normal functioning of the cells and tissues of the body. Large amounts of porphyrins are excreted in the urine and feces. Treatment of this condition has been primarily symptomatic and varies in its effectiveness.
Emphasis is on prevention of attacks by avoiding fasting and drugs that precipitate the symptoms.
Photosensitivity may be controlled by avoiding exposure to light. Removal of the spleen is useful in some cases of the erythropoietic type of porphyria. Drug therapy includes the use of phenothiazines, chlorpromazine and promazine in particular. These drugs allay pain and nervousness and apparently allow a period of remission from symptoms. Patients with porphyria must not be given barbiturates, sulfonamides, alcohol, or chloroquine as these chemicals may precipitate or intensify attacks.