We humans have great color vision. As you remember from high school biology, we have both rods and cones in our retinas. Rods, which are primarily used in night vision, can't distinguish colors. That task is left up to our cones. Now, in order to see color at all, you need to have at least two cone cell types.
Fish have different numbers of cone cell types.
Some fish, such as carp and minnows, have four types. Considering how closely related these fish are we can assume that a bass is the same. Other behavioral studies have also shown that a bass can easily distinguish between different shades of yellow and green, yet they cannot distinguish between shades of blue. When analyzing and choosing colors in a catalogue or at the tackle store, it's important to remember that they may be perceived differently by the bass. As an example, a slight change in color, from say yellow to yellowish brown, might make a world of difference to the bass, because it can distinguish that slight difference very well.