Examples are the cephalic and ventral furrows, amnioproctodeal invagination , anterior midgut primordium , dorsal folds, invaginating stomodeum , tracheal pits and the intersegmental grooves. Paradoxically, the mRNA is virtually absent from the ectodermal layer from which neuroblasts segregate. Both hairy and emc negatively regulate morphogenetic furrow progression in the developing eye . Effects of Mutation or Deletion emc mutant embryos do not hatch and their cuticle displays multiple alterations. With emc mutation, accumulation of Fasciclin III is reduced.
Malpighian tubules are rudimentary and some muscles are missing or disrupted.
A genetic and phenotypic analysis of the gene pannier is described. Animals mutant for strong alleles die as embryos in which the cells of the amnioserosa are prematurely lost. This leads to a dorsal cuticular hole. Pannier mRNA accumulates specifically in the dorsal-most regions of the embryo and the imaginal discs. Viable mutants and mutant combinations also affect the thoracic and head bristle patterns in a complex fashion.