The field of leadership is presently in a state of ferment and confusion. Transformational Leadership Building commitment to organizational objectives and empowering employees to accomplish these objectives. Activates higher order needs. Followers feel trust, admiration, loyalty, respect for the leader, and are highly motivated. Transformational behavior may be more strongly related.
Effective leaders use a mix of transactional and transformational behaviors.
But, factors other than leader behavior can help insure effective performance and group maintenance. Thus, there are times when leader behaviors are unnecessary. There are times when leader behaviors are ineffective. Substitutes directly influence intervening variables making leader action unnecessary. Determine the relative importance of intervening variables.