That the juror has acted as godfather to the child of the prosecutor or defendant is cause for a principal cballenge while the fact that the party and the juryman are fellow servants, and that the latter has been entertained at the house of the former, is only cause for challenge to the favor. Challenges to the favor are not decided upon by the court, but are settled by triers. The proper time of challenging is between the appearance and the swearing of the jurors. But when a juror has been challenged on one side and found indifferent, he may still be challenged on the other. When the juror has been challenged for cause and been pronounced impartial, he may still be challenged peremptorily.
Interest forms the only ground at common law for challenging a judge.
It is no ground of challenge that he has given an opinion in the case before. By statute, there are in some states several other grounds of challenge. The sheriff may be challenged for favor as well as affinity. And the challenge need not be made to the court, but only to the prothonotary. Yet the Sheriff cannot be passed by in the direction of process without cause, as he is the proper officer to execute writs, except in case of partiality.