A few studies indicated possible mutagenic and genotoxic effects. Studies that examined the emissions of specific contaminants from incense smoke indicated that benzene and particulate matter may be emitted at concentrations that could pose human health risks. The potential indoor air impacts of burning candles and incense have drawn increased attention in recent years. For example, candles with lead wicks have been found on the market and have been shown to emit lead when burned. Sooting associated with burning candles can cause property damage by blackening walls, ceilings, and carpets.
Incense smoke can be a major source of particulates in indoor air.
Emissions from incense may contain contaminants that can cause a variety of health effects. EPA is currently testing the emissions from candles and incense to generate data for analyzing risk management options. This information will help EPA in assessing the nature and extent of human exposure. In addition, this report summarizes the results and findings in the scientific literature regarding the emission rates of the various contaminants generated when burning candles and incense, as well as the potential health effects associated with exposure to these contaminants. EPA will use this information to further their research and understanding of the potential impacts of these sources on indoor air quality.