The degree of stack or module flanging or valving dictates how much of the plant needs to be taken off-line when a stack is replaced. Advantages of this technology Environmental Acceptability - Because fuel cells are so efficient, CO 2 emissions are reduced for a given power output. The fuel cell is quiet, emitting only 60 decibels at 100 feet. Fuel cells can be designed as water self-sufficient. Efficiency - Dependent on type and design, the fuel cells direct electric energy efficiency ranges from 40 to 60 percent.
Fuel cell operates at near constant efficiency.
Independent of size and load, fuel cells are not limited by the Carnot Cycle. When by-product heat is utilized, the total energy efficiency of the fuel cell systems approach 85 percent. The fuel cell is very responsive - cold starting within hours and achieves full load in minutes. Distributed Capacity - Distributed generation reduces the capital investment and improves the overall conversion efficiency of fuel to end use electricity by reducing transmission losses. In high growth or remotely located areas, distributed generation could reduce or eliminate transmission and distribution problems by reducing the need for new capacity or laying new power lines.