Example of winter browning caused by the loss of moisture during the winter months in northern latitudes when the soil is frozen and water uptake by roots is not possible, yet foliage becomes desiccated and becomes necrotic. Another example of winter browning known as red belt which occurs in the mountain regions in western United States. This occurs at elevations where the roots are in frozen ground and warm winds cause excessive transpiration.
Foliage is lost and the trees have less area for photosynthesis.
Frost Injury 3. Can be minimized by planting of native trees of species from a local seed source. Frost Crack 4. Frost cracks occur on hardwoods and softwoods in the northern latitudes. A sudden and pronounced drop of the temperature in the winter causes the outer layers of wood to contract more rapidly than the inner layers.