Token-ring is a ring topology that's often implemented in a physical star configuration on a collision avoidance network. Repeaters repeat the signal being transmitted on the wire in cases of signal attenuation. Bridges connect two similar networks with dissimilar networking protocols at OSI layer 2 to transmit traffic. Routers connect similar subnetworks, functioning as traffic cops that can limit excessive traffic. These operate at layer 3.
Gateways connect dissimilar networks as translators.
To configure a NIC, the cabling protocol and network protocol must match those of the network it will join. A network is a synergetic entity. If network repairs interfere with its operation, you are affecting many more users than if you were repairing only a single computer.