Female athletes appear to have the same fiber-type distribution as men, although the female fibers appear to be smaller in cross sectional area. There is little research evidence to suggest the onset of a normal menstrual period affects athletic performance. Female athletes that have gone through the cessation of their cycle have an increased likelihood of developing musculo-skeletal injuries. Athletes experiencing amenorrhea or other menstrual problems should consult their gynecologist. Resistance training utilizing multi-joint and structural exercises is recommended to induce sufficient stresses on the skeletal system and to enhance calcium storage in the bone.
Little data exist regarding weight training and pregnancy.
Anecdotal evidence suggests that women may safely weight train during pregnancy, however common sense must be employed when selecting training intensities, and exercises. Also the potential for increased body temperature in pregnant women warrants the use of precautions in dress and environmental conditions during all types of exercise. Resistance training has demonstrated favorable changes in body composition with minimal change in body weight. Because females are, in general, weaker than males in their upper bodies, adult females should be urged to work especially hard on upper body strength training.