In these cases, agglutination results from the linking of specific sugars to the sperm membrane. Contamination of the ejaculate with urine. This can lead to agglutination caused by interaction of electrolytes with the sperm membrane as well as an increased osmolarity. Some of these causes of agglutination result from primary diseases or mishandling and contamination of the semen. Therefore, these factors should be eliminated by improving semen collection and handling procedures as well as optimizing the stallion's management.
Immunological agglutination is very specific.
It is based on specific antibodies that are formed against components of the sperm membrane. This type of agglutination has been demonstrated experimentally. The sperm membrane acts as an antigen, and antibodies are formed against it. This kind of agglutination should rarely occur under normal conditions. First of all, agglutination makes the examination of semen more difficult, especially with regard to the evaluation of motility and concentration.