Effective learning requires the application of strategies suited to particular circumstances. To make such adjustments, learners must think about their thinking and assess how well their own attempts to meet specific goals work out. Because the acquisition and application of complex skills requires a great deal of effort, the motivation to learn plays an important role in effective learning. Learners are more likely to motivated by tasks that are optimally challenging and personally meaningful. Because different tasks will satisfy these goals for different individuals, providing for personal choice and control can be important.
Learners benefit from activities encouraging interaction and collaboration.
Learning within a social context confronts learners with other perspectives promoting reflective thinking. Assessment plays an important role both in guiding learners and adjusting instruction. We find the APA Principles to be consistent with many of our own priorities. Other reformers target emphasize these other areas.