My Great Uncle Willie was blinded by a whipping given him by Methodist Brothers for speaking the Blackfoot language on the Boarding School playground. While attending their school he didn't want me to come to harm for using our language. Also it was bad manners to answer a question asked of another, so as to not embarras them. In Public School it was expected of everyboby if they knew the answer, to raise their hands immediately. This is the difference between long and short-term planning, as I have been told by educators who have studied Indian Cultures.
Indian cultures rely on verbal stories to pass down the history.
The dominant culture required it written or contracts were not binding. Being of light complexion and attending Indian schools, plus Mother being a teacher, I was white in the Indian community and Indian in the white community. This site has been accessed times since February 8, 1996.