When two people looking at a situation may view a situation differently, because they have come from two different backgrounds. Cognitions - beliefs about the world. How you take events and put them into meaningful relations. Understanding the leader's beliefs is very important in determining what decisions they will make. Peak - Crisis, policy changes, events that would cause the major fundamental changes in the policy of a nation.
Few decisions are peak decisions.
These decisions involve the leader directly. Are under a time limit 2. Mundane - are the everyday decisions that have to be made. Usually not made by the leader, but by a group of his advisors. The decision to raise the type of stamps by 1 cent, it is made by the Post Master General, and is not under a time limit.