As a result numerous tests have been conducted. In other words, phthalates stimulate estrogen activity between these concentrations. Only a few phthalates have been tested for their hormone-mimicking abilities. In one test done on rats, it was found that the offspring of mothers exposed to phthalate esters had less testosterone and abnormalities such as a testicle being absent or a testicle appeared as a blood sac. Also in rats, phthalate exposure was correlated with a reduction in the size of the muscle from the colon to the penis.
Males exposed to phthalates also show an epididymis that is three times smaller than normal.
In higher levels of exposure to phthalates, moms spontaneously aborted and had decreased litter sizes. Evidence for Human Health Effects DEHP is present in dust because of its use in vinyl flooring and other household products. This is a particular concern for infants because they breathe twice as much air per body size as adults and spend most of their time indoors. DBP halves testosterone production, making the testis generate twice as many cells. Though negative results have been seen in rats, few have been seen in humans.