With an increase in mean daily temperatures, the development and reproductive rate of this aphid increases. In contrast, the life span and total fecundity decreases. Winged individuals have a longer development time and a lower reproductive rate and life-time fecundity. Since winters in Hawaii are mild, there is no need for an over wintering egg stage. In Hawaii, reproduction does not involve mating and egg laying.
Females give birth to live female nymphs.
As a consequence of this type of reproduction, populations are composed solely of females and there are no males present. Generations are continuous throughout the year in Hawaii. In temperate regions, this aphid over winters as eggs. Eggs are not laid in Hawaii. Nymphs There are 4 nymphal stages, or instars.