Choose 5 of the 6 questions. Chemicals that do not cause cancer or reproductive risks are usually regulated using safety factors. The ability of a chemical to cross a biological membrane is related to its bioavailability. What three properties facilitate the absorption of a chemical, and what route of exposure will give the highest level of bioavailability. Draw a typical bioavailability curve and describe how this parameter is measured.
Enzyme induction is critical to detoxification of large doses of chemicals.
Define the term and give an example. Chemical Y, shown below, is a hypothetical contaminant of food. It is a weak acid, with a pKa of 4.5. Some individuals do not secrete enough stomach acid to lower their gastric pH below 4. Justify your answer.