Image does not fluoresce like other burns in linen fiber. High bilirubin content in blood from torture. Travertine aragonite dust, as found in Jerusalem vicinity, is found on the feet, knees, and nose. The 1532 fire deposited more carbon 14 than normal in the area where the sample as taken in 1988. Microbiological growth found on the linen fibers.
Linen cloth is mentioned in all four gospels.