The adoption of words or other language elements from one language into another language, characteristically with adaptation to the phonology, morphology, and syntax of the adopting language, and frequently with alterations in meaning. The use of more than one language, variety, or style by a speaker within an utterance or discourse, or between different interlocutors or situations.
Language is a form of communication specific to humans.
The grouping and subgrouping of languages according to hypotheses of genetic relationship, ie, descent from a common ancestral language. Languages are usually composed of geographically and socially defined dialects that are mutually intelligible. Interaction between two languages, mediated by individuals who speak both, and the effects over time of such interaction on the phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics of each language. Includes standard and nonstandard usage, and norms as well as deviations from those norms. Words that have only recently appeared in the lexicon of a language as the result of linguistic creativity or word formation and are not borrowings from another language or dialect.