All solutions are homogeneous. This bond is ten times weaker than the covalent bond, and ten times stronger than the van der waals force. The hydrogen bond caused water to have its unusual properties of high boiling point, high melting point, high surface tension, and its formation of the six- sided ring structure in ice. The latter causes water to expand upon freezing, become less dense, and float in water. TOP ION is a charged atom or group of atoms.
Ionization is caused by a gain or loss of electrons.
A loss leaves a positive charge, a gain leaves a negative charge. This is caused by having a different number of neutrons in the nucleus. For example matter and mass can be interchanged. It is not shown on the periodic chart. The electron's mass is 10-31kg.