These particles can include organic and inorganic substances and biological organisms. Molds Pollen Tobacco smoke Particulates from combustion of wood stoves and appliances Heavy metals such as lead Fibers such as from asbestos and insulation Plant fragments Bacteria Viruses Fungi Insect body parts Contaminated soil tracked in from outside Particle size can determine the effect of the pollutants on health. Small respirable particles can penetrate deep into the lungs where they may stay a long time and cause acute or chronic illness. Larger particles may not penetrate as deep as small particles but can cause allergic reactions and other health problems. Allergic reactions to particulates can include runny nose, watery eyes, sore throat, sneezing, coughing, skin rashes, asthma, headaches, upper respiratory discomfort, and an increased risk of developing an allergy.
Large particles can lead to reduced lung function, restricted breathing and an obstructed airway.
Heavy metal exposure can lead to toxin levels in the bloodstream. These health effects from exposure to particulate matter in the air depends on the type and amount of particulate, the frequency and duration of exposure and the sensitivity of the individual. Gasses Gasses in the indoor air are developed from combustion and the release of chemicals into the air. There are hundreds of gasses that can be detected in the home. The most notable volatile organic compound is formaldehyde.