Penguins cannot fly. An adult penguin uses sound to locate its chick among large groups of penguins. Each penguin has its own distinct call. Emperor penguins usually mate each year with the same partner, unless the partner has died. Emperor penguins are the largest of the 17 species, or kinds, of penguins, and they spend their entire lives on the cold Antarctic ice and in its waters.
Emperors clump together in huge, huddled masses.
They take turns moving to the inside of the group, where they're protected from the icy cold temperatures and wind. Once they've had a chance to warm up, they take their turns back on the circle's edges, giving fellow penguins time in the warmer center. Winter arrives in Antarctica in March. The continent is in the Southern Hemisphere and has seasons that are opposite those in the north. Nearly all creatures leave except for the emperor, the only animal that spends the winter on Antarctica's open ice.