It is hard to limit the effects of therapy so that only cancer cells are removed or destroyed. Because healthy cells also may be damaged, treatment often causes unpleasant side effects. The side effects of cancer treatment vary. They depend mainly on the type and extent of the treatment. Also, each person reacts differently.
Doctors try to plan the therapy to keep side effects to a minimum.
They also monitor patients very carefully so they can help with any problems that occur. Surgery for cancer of the esophagus is a major operation. They may need antibiotics to prevent or treat infections. Patients are taught special coughing and breathing exercises to keep their lungs clear. Discomfort or pain after surgery can be controlled with medicine.