PFM Different Participation Formats Meetings can be very stodgy and unproductive if they use the same kind of format throughout. This could be a listening exercise, or the groups could be pooling knowledge, or working on a particular question. They could be doing the same thing, or looking at different aspects of the issue.
Individual writing Can be useful to let people develop their ideas alone.
The results can be put up on a pin board, or read out by other members of the group. It is a good relaxed format for encouraging listening or easing tense situations. Presentations and reports Good for sharing information. Case studies Could be real or imaginary - helps make concepts more concrete.