Land area covers 236,040 square kilometres. Principal Commercial Centres Kampala is the main commercial and administrative centre. Other centres are Mbale, Jinja, Masaka, Gulu, Soroti, Entebbe and Mbarara. The primary subsistence crops are plantains, sweet potatoes, millet, sorghum, maize, beans, cassava, groundnuts and rice. The principal cash crops are coffee, tea, cotton and maize.
Livestock is also reared and fresh-water fishing is an important activity.
Tobacco, sugar cane, cocoa and horticultural goods are also cultivated. Apatite and limestone are mined. There are reserves of magnetite tin, tungsten, beryllium, gold, bismuth, phosphates and tantalite. Cobalt is being extracted from the tailings of the old Kilembe Copper Mine, which although not currently operating, has reserves of copper. Telecommunications Direct dialling is available from South Africa on dialling code 09256 followed by the area code and then the 'subscriber's number'.