The average litter is 2, but females reproducing for the first time usually have 1 young. Litter size is 1-3. The altricial young are weaned in 7 wk, and are observed flying in July and August. Females nurse only their own young. Females and juveniles forage together after weaning.
Females mate in first autumn, males in second.
Owls and snakes are known predators. Very sensitive to disturbance of roosting sites. Such sites are essential for metabolic economy, juvenile growth and as night roosts to consume prey. Bats of America. Univ. of Kentucky Press, Lexington.