Much of the heat energy applied to water can be dissipated through the breaking and reforming of bonds between water molecules. Hydrogen and hydroxyl groups belonging to water molecules continually 'change partners'. At any given moment, a small percentage of the hydrogen and hydroxyl ions may be without partners. This important feature will be discussed in more detail when we consider the pH scale. Water is also capable of interacting with polarized or charged regions of other molecules.
Hydrogen bonds can form between water molecules and amino or hydroxyl groups on other molecules.
Water is able to 'cling' to substances that have hydrogen-bonding regions. Cellulose and glass are good examples. Water shows adhesion in forming hydrogen bonds to these materials. If a small diameter tube of glass is inserted into water, the water will 'climb' the tube by capillary action. Some small molecules are also hydrophilic, or 'water-loving' and are able to become involved in hydrogen bonds.