Attacks usually occur in the middle of the trunk.
Yellow pitch tubes are found on the trunk at the point of entry, and red boring dust may be found in bark crevices and at the base of the tree. Pitch streamers on the trunk may also indicate point of entry. Egg galleries within the inner bark are long and straight, and follow the grain. Generally there is a bend at the bottom of the egg gallery. Although there may be several egg galleries on the same tree, they do not cross.