No resistant varieties are available. In the absence of seed treatments, diseased seed should be held for one year to reduce disease to one-third its previous level. Postharvest Disk and plow under crop debris immediately after harvest before the fungus can be dispersed by wind and rain. These are not currently viable management options. No pesticides are available to manage leaf spot.
Maggots are yellowish white.
Infested seeds and other plant parts are hollowed out. Damaged plants are weak and may not develop. See Reference 2 . No thresholds have been established. Natural enemies Predators, parasitoids, and pathogens, including nematodes, help suppress infestations.