We can't possibly follow every detail of the motions of all these particles, nor would we want to if we could. So instead, in thermal physics, we assume that the particles just jostle about randomly, and we use the laws of probability to predict how the chunk of metal as a whole ought to behave. Some of the properties of bulk matter don't really depend on the microscopic details of atomic physics.
Heat always flows spontaneously from a hot object to a cold one, never the other way.
Liquids always boil more readily at lower pressure. The maximum possible efficiency of an engine, working over a given temperature range, is the same whether the engine uses steam or air or anything else as its working substance. These kinds of results, and the principles that generalize them, comprise a subject called thermodynamics . This underlying explanation of thermodynamics, and the many applications that come along with it, comprise a subject called statistical mechanics . Physics instructors and textbook authors are in bitter disagreement over the proper content of a first course in thermal physics.