Sand removed from above the tide line is replaced very slowly from subtidal areas, a process which can take decades. Subtidal sand removal results in beach sand moving offshore. Most nesting beaches are in private hands, and many of these have been developed. Development and landscaping of these nesting beaches can create impediments for nesting turtles. In addition, exotic plants such as sea oats can damage or destroy nests through root action.
Artificial lighting can cause disorientation or misorientation of both adults and hatchlings.
Turtle hatchlings are attracted to light, ignoring or coming out of the ocean to go towards a light source, increasing their chances of death or injury. In addition, as nesting females avoid areas with intense lighting, highly developed areas may cause problems for turtles trying to nest. Mechanical raking can result in heavy machinery repeatedly moving across a nest and compacting sand as well as causing tire ruts which may hinder or trap hatchlings. Rakes can penetrate the surface and disturb or uncover a nest. Disposing of debris on the high beach can cover nests and may alter nest temperature.