However, public funds such as ODA are far from adequate in covering all such demands. Therefore, assistance by ODA to the private sector in infrastructure development serves as lateral support in the private sector's own efforts to build economic infrastructure in the region. In Indonesia, the Philippines, and Thailand, dialogues are under way on government policy regarding infrastructure development by the private sector. Specifically, yen loans have been provided for the installation of power transmission lines and expansion of transformer networks in the Philippines, to a subway construction project in Bangkok, Thailand, and the installation of power transmission lines for the coal-fueled thermal power plant in Paiton, Indonesia. South-South cooperation involves a relatively developed nations assisting in the growth of a less developed country.
Japan intends to support such programs enthusiastically.
In the area of global environment issues, efforts are actively under way. Grant-aid cooperation has been extended to set up environmental protection centers in Thailand and Indonesia and to promote technology transfer through dispatch of experts and acceptance of trainees.