So far, we have emphasized atmospheric processes, how climate varies geographically, and how that helps shape distribution of vegetation and soils. Now we turn to the configuration of the earth's surface and the underlying processes that shape it. We will begin by examining the earth's interior and the energy generated there. As we move from the center to the surface of the earth, we will observe a progressive decrease in density and temperature.
Highest density is concentrated in the center, because of the confining force of gravity.
The earth's interior is very hot. This geothermal energy is residual heat generated by the radioactive decay of earth minerals. The fluid outer core generates the earth's magnetic field. D. Mantle - most of the remaining radius from the core to the crust is embodied in the mantle, which has several distinct layers. The mantle is technically solid, but undergoes lots of local melting and plastic deformation near surface.