Both a and c are true. Both a and b are true. Both C and D are true. Both ionic and covalent bonds involve electrons in the outer shell. An atom involved in an ionic bond has an unequal number of electrons and protons.
Ionic bonds involve atoms with similar or identical electronegativities.
List the 5 Kingdoms to which all living organisms have been assigned. For each Kingdom describe one or more characteristics that differentiates that group from the other four groups. Referring to the terms hydrogen ions and dissociation in water, define the terms acid and base. Distinguish between integral and peripheral proteins. List four functions of membrane proteins.