These are notes from lectures by Cynthia Hewitt, and thus abbreviated and sketchy. Numbers scattered through text are page references. Failure of Charles V and Hapsburgs ended attempts at unified political entity. The Modern World-System Formation Core, semiperiphery, and periphery positions in the economic system.
Labor is skilled and controlled relatively more by incentives.
Absence of a strong state. Intermediate forms of labor control. A moderate state. All this added up to a world system in the sense that various areas came to be dependent upon each other for their specialized roles. The profitability of specific economic activities became a function of the proper functioning of the system as a whole.