Group Dynamics Group - two or more people who come into contact for a purpose and are dependent on one another to obtain objectives. Formal group - created by the organization with specific tasks aimed at achieving goals. Informal group - any group that is not part of the formal organizational structure. Group Norms - standards of behavior established by a group. Communication Three steps in communications - encoding, sending, decoding.
Groups strongly affect organizations.
Trait theories - theories attempting to identify he common traits possessed by successful leaders. Theory X and Theory Y - McGregor's approach to leadership theory. McGregor suggested that manager's beliefs about employee characteristics were the foundation of leadership style. Behavioral Approaches - certain behavioral characteristics of individuals determine their leadership ability. Control Control - systematic process by which managers ensure that the organization is achieving its objectives and carrying out the associated plans effectively and efficiently.