Spores released only when gametophyte dies and decays. B. Marchantia . Forms large mats on soil or rocks in moist shady environs. Differs from Riccia in that gametangia are raised above the surface of the thallus. Asexual reproduction i. Fragmentation ii.
Gemmae germinate directly into new gametophytes.
Actual gametangia are very similar to those of Riccia . Antheridiophores are disc like, with scalloped edges. Antheridia are deep in the upper portion. Archegoniophores with 8 lobe-like fingers, under which are located the archegonia. Archegonium grown at same pace as sporangium, forming a calyptra .