At what stage of life is exercise most beneficial for bone growth and maintenance and what types of exercise are questions that University of Illinois researchers hope to answer. Research has shown that 40 to 60 percent of how much bone is made in the growth years is due to genetics. An active childhood and a nutritious diet with sufficient calcium intake will allow children to develop to their potential. With physical activity, it may be possible to continue building bones for a few years past the growth years, according to Rachel Stillman, assistant professor of kinesiology.
Exercise can be beneficial to the skeletal system throughout life.
The prevention of osteoporosis late in life begins in childhood. One research study found that teenage girls and boys who were active in sports programs had stronger bones, particulary hip bones. Researchers have found that collegiate female athletes who played volleyball or gymnastics had greater bone mineral densities than athletes who were involved in swimming and other sports. Impact and stress on the bones that occurs during vigorous sports like gymnastics, causes enhanced bone mineral density at specific locations. Other sports that offer this advantage include running and dancing.