Vitamins are also not an energy source. In fact excess vitamins can cause damage. Vitamins that are soluble are simply excreted, but insoluble vitamins are eventually stored liver. These vitamins can have toxic effects if taken for extended periods of time. Fats, carbohydrates, and proteins fuel an athlete.
Fats are the most concentrated source of food energy available.
Because of this fats are used to store excess energy. The American Heart Association has stated that thirty to thirty-five percent of all calories should come from fat, no more. An excess of fat may causes many difficulties for an athlete. Added weight and decreased mobility are just the start. Carbohydrates are the most efficient source of energy for an athlete.