In children, the peak incidence of nephrotic syndrome is in the preschool years, usually when the child is 2 to 3 years old. There is a slight male predominance. A physical examination confirms the symptoms. Symptoms and signs of causative disorders may be present. A urinalysis reveals large amounts of urine protein .
Fats are often also present in the urine.
Treatment of the causative disorder is necessary to control nephrotic syndrome. Treatment may be chronic . Corticosteroid, immunosuppressive, antihypertensive, and diuretic medications may help control symptoms. Antibiotics may be needed to control infections. If hypertension is present it must be treated vigorously.