Santos et al. This is in contrast to an earlier study in which cardiotoxicity of bupivacaine was enhanced during ovine pregnancy. When this ratio is high there should be a delay in the equilibration of drug in fetal tissues. Conversely, similar umbilical artery and umbilical vein concentration ratios observed for the various agents argue against large differences in their equilibration rates in the fetus. Regional anesthesia for labor and delivery.
Isoproterenol is an effective marker of intravenous injection in laboring women.
Marcus MAE, Vertommen JD, Van Aken H, et al. The hemodynamic effects of different doses of isoproterenol in the pregnant ewe. Marcus MAE, Vertommen JD, Van Aken H, et al. Light microscopic neuropathological observations after intrathecal bolus injections of isoproterenol. Marcus MAE, Bruyninckx F, Vertommen et al.