Additionally, it is useful to make distinctions between management and leadership. The Beliefs About Leadership instrument formed the basis of group discussions at a colloquy organized by John Jones and Robin Reid. All persons invited to attend received a copy of the instrument, and many who could not participate supplied responses. These experts were in close agreement on the following Beliefs About Leadership items. The list is in rank order, from highest average.
Leadership is independent of gender.
Leaders model commitment. Leaders generate voluntary commitment to shared values. Leaders face the challenge of resistance to change. Leaders facilitate the empowerment of others. Leaders take personal risks, showing courage.