Numerous strains have been developed, some coarse and stemmy, others good for hay and early grazing. Local ecotypes in the Mediterranean region are adapted to long hot dry summers. In Europe two types have been developed, one for pasture and one for hay. Pasture types produce more basal leaves and generally are more spreading than the hay types. Selections made in Canada, Sweden and Finland are improved for winter hardiness.
Improved strains are more leafy, persistent and later flowering than unimproved commercial types.
Adapted to humid temperate climates, naturalized in field and waste places. Grows on almost any type of soil, but thrives best on heavier types, as clays and clay loams. Less winter-hardy than Phleum pratense or Bromus inermis and does not extend as far north. Drought-resistant and will withstand high temperatures. Prefers areas with 480-750 mm annual rainfall, but will produce on rather poor dry soils.