Legumes include peas, beans, and limas. Brassicas include cabbage, kale, broccoli, collards, cauliflower, and brussels sprouts. Tomatoes, peppers, potatoes, and eggplant are nightshades. Root vegetables include beets, carrots, onions, and garlic. Leafy greens are spinach and lettuce.
Corn is in a category by itself.
For a more attractive garden, add a little color from herbs or edible flowers. Marigolds, nasturtiums, and pansies are popular. By far the most economical way to grow vegetables is from seed. Seed catalogs and garden centers have an abundance of seeds from which to choose. Seed packets clearly explain when and how to plant for your particular area of the country.