Put morality on rational, secular, and scientific foundation. P1 L1 Person 2 P2 L2 . . . . . . . . . Bentham and Mill say that goodness is proportional to balance of pleasure over pain. So, x is better than y if the net expected value for x is higher than the net expected value for y.
Appeal is to secondary moral rules.
The principle of utility justifies and resolves conflicts between secondary principles . The act utilitarian can use rules as guides. The principle of utility defines what is right, but serves as a practical test only in cases of conflict. They do if it ever maximizes the good to break a good rule. Mill says no.