Females are usually slightly smaller.
Forests, tundra, deserts, plains and mountains. Size of the pack varies with the size of available prey. Packs that feed on deer may average only 3-6 animals, while those preying on moose can be as large as 15. A hierarchy of dominant and subordinate animals within the pack help it to function as a unit. Wolves communicate with fellow pack-mates and other wolf packs by scent marking, vocalizations, facial and body postures.