Foot size is used to determine the shoe size, and foot shape provides information on how to design the last shape. Shoe size is represented by length and ball girth in Japanese Industrial Standard. These two dimensions correspond to foot length and foot circumference respectively. Distribution of foot dimensions Scular change has progressed in Japan. Younger people have longer and narrower feet Age change Foot becomes deformed during childhood.
Longer feet are absolutely larger but relatively smaller foot circumference.
Bending foot axis is a shape characteristic important in shoe fitting. Most of Japanese feet are more or less outflared. Three dimensional foot shape is correlated with the foot axis flexion. The most important variation in Japanese 3D foot shape is that contrasting a 'standard' type and a 'flat foot'. How to introduce shape characteristics to last design Free Form Deformation is introduced for the analysis of 3D foot shape and for designing a shoe last for outflared feet.