Various styles of riding require different techniques on the part of the rider, as well as specialized tack and apparel. Hunter-seat riding takes its name from the sport of fox hunting. Until the end of the 19th century fox hunters leaned backwards when jumping. The introduction of the forward seat, however, shifted the rider's weight to a point over the horse's center of gravity, in front of the saddle, resulting in greater safety and control. In hunter-seat equitation the rider's upper body inclines forward at the trot and canter and especially over fences.
Hands follow the horse's head and neck motion, particularly when jumping.
Short stirrups enable the rider to clear the saddle, which has a slightly elevated cantle, or rear, to facilitate the proper jumping position. Breeches and leather boots extending almost to the knee provide support for the legs. A hard peaked hunt cap protects the head in a fall. Most of the horses are Thoroughbreds. Training a hunter or jumper begins by teaching the animal to negotiate low obstacles athletically and responsively.