The indigenous people in another region, Mindanao, will face a similar problem as it has attracted 25 applications. Communities affected by the applications have protested against the policies and even during the exploration stage the companies are being met with strong resistance. The indigenous people in particular have protested against the violation of their land rights and the dislocation the proposed mining activities would bring to large numbers of them. Recent years have also witnessed heated controversies over the granting of mining contracts and often violent clashes and protests by affected communities against mining activities in many parts of the world. Pollution of soils and rivers with toxic chemicals used in mining and with the toxic mineral-by products.
Air pollution is generated by the dust from bulldozing and transport activities.
Frequent occurrences of mining accidents from collapse of underground tunnels, and bursting or overflowing of mine-tailings dams, which cause further pollution of lands, rivers, and the ocean, which lead to the decrease of marine biodiversity, and killing of plants, animals and even human beings. There is a significant erosion or destruction of traditional values, customs, which have been key in sustaining community, tribal, clan, and family solidarity. There is a high incidence of alcoholism, drug addiction, and prostitution, gambling, domestic violence in many mining communities. Increasing protests and resistance of communities against the entry of mines, land displacement, and pollution of the land and waters, has meant increasing militarization in many communities. Meanwhile, governments should pay particular attention to the issue and take immediate measures to deal with the environmental and social problems caused by mining activities.