These additional sources of water can alter the natural groundwater flow patterns which can cause the contaminant plume to move in an unintended direction or rate. Without adequate hydraulic control, this situation can lead to worsening of the original condition and complicate the cleanup or extend it. Nutrient injection systems may not be necessary at all, if the groundwater contains adequate amounts of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Microorganisms require inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphate to support cell growth and sustain biodegradation processes. Disadvantages Remediates contaminants that are adsorbed onto or trapped within the geologic materials of which the aquifer is composed along with contaminants dissolved in groundwater.
Application involves equipment that is widely available and easy to install.
Difficult to implement in low-permeability aquifers. Re-injection wells or infiltration galleries may require permits or may be prohibited. Generally recognized as being less costly than other remedial options. May require continuous monitoring and maintenance. Remediation may only occur in more permeable layer or channels within the aquifer.