Betel chewing can produce dependence, and habitual use often results in health problems, particularly diseases of the mouth, including cancer. Prolonged use causes the teeth and gums to develop dark red stains. There have been few official efforts to control use. HN Introduced 1995. The active principles are alkaloids, which produce mild euphoria and sedation in the way that kava is customarily used.
Heavy use can result in dependence and medical problems.
Used also in parts of the Middle East and North Africa, khat is a stimulant that has effects similar to those of amphetamines. Heavy use can result in dependence and physical and mental problems resembling those produced by other stimulants. It is often used to reduce fatigue and hunger and to produce a feeling of exhilaration. Catha edulis qh SN Catha edulis is an East African plant whose leaves and buds are chewed or brewed as a beverage. It is also used in parts of the Middle East and North Africa.