Healthy gums are pink and firm, snugly fitting around each tooth.
Gingivitis is a mild inflammation of the gums caused by plaque. Gums may be red or bleed when brushed. Periodontitis is an infection of the gums with swelling and separation from the tooth. If left untreated, the infected gums recede, bone loss occurs, and teeth may loosen or fall out. A root canal consists of removing the infected pulp from the tooth, then sterilizing and refilling the canals to prevent recontamination.