The other 13 went bankrupt before the auctions began or joined forces with other broadcasting companies to compete in the auctions. There are only two government-owned combined radio and television companies. However, they represent five channels and are the only stations that can broadcast nationwide. The Government controls nearly all broadcasting transmission facilities. About 40 percent of newspapers are government-owned.
All daily newspapers are government-run.
There are also a large number of newspapers that are produced by government ministries, for example, Kazakhstan Science, published by the Ministry of Science. However, many newspapers receive a government subsidy. All Kazakh language newspapers receive a government subsidy, although most would call themselves independents. Therefore, including newspapers that receive subsidies, about 80 percent of newspapers are government-run. Each major population center has at least one independent weekly newspaper.