The lab analyzes the sample for the amount of copper. No special preparation is necessary for this test, but if the collection is being taken from an infant, a couple of extra collection bags may be necessary. The test involves only normal urination, and there is no discomfort. This test may be performed when liver or gallbladder problems are suspected. Hemoglobin is broken down to heme and globin.
Heme is converted to bilirubin, which is then carried by albumin in the blood to the liver.
In the liver, most of the bilirubin is conjugated with glucuronic acid before it is excreted in the bile . Conjugated bilirubin is called direct bilirubin , and unconjugated bilirubin is called indirect bilirubin . Conjugated bilirubin is excreted into the bile by the liver and stored in the gall bladder or transferred directly to the small intestines. Bilirubin is further metabolized by bacteria in the intestines to urobilins, which contribute to the color of the feces. A small percentage of these compounds are reabsorbed and eventually appear in the urine, where they are referred to as urobilinogen.