The average exposure period and acreage treated is far less in those data that have been submitted to EPA by Florida mosquito control agencies. Cholinesterase inhibition has not been reported as a handler or pilot problem in Florida. Finally, the aerial spray deposition models EPA uses to characterize fenthion and other mosquito adulticides are based on agricultural application parameters that target larger insecticide volumes over smaller areas. Mosquito control ULV applications utilize closed system handling wherever possible and target large areas by aerosol movement or drift of the spray cloud, thereby minimizing the amount of insecticide required per unit area compared to the agricultural applications for which the models were written. The ULV technology significantly reduces environmental impact compared to other application methods, from which much of the EPA risk estimates are determined.
Current research promises further reductions.