While hypothermia can happen to anyone, the elderly run the highest risk because their bodies often do not adjust to changes in temperature quickly and they may be unaware that they are gradually getting colder. The condition usually develops over a period of time, anywhere from a few days to several weeks, and even mildly cool indoor temperatures of 60 to 65 degrees can trigger it. If you have elderly relatives or friends who live alone, encourage them to set their thermostats above 65 degrees to avoid hypothermia. Frostbite occurs when the skin tissue actually freezes, causing ice crystals to form between the cells and draw water from them, which leads to cellular dehydration. The following table illustrates how cold the temperature can feel when the cold winter wind starts blowing.
Frostbitten skin can be whitish or grayish-yellow, slightly stiff, and cold to the touch.
When spending time outdoors during cold weather, be alert for signs of frostbite and, if you notice any, take immediate action. If you suspect that you or someone you know has frostbite, seek medical attention immediately. To treat the frostbite while awaiting help from a trained professional, try to warm the affected part of the body gradually. Remove wet, frozen, or constricting clothing. Wrap the area in blankets, sweaters, coats, etc.