Understanding involves knowledge of the full set of causal relationships that underlie a phenomenon. Under what conditions changes in one observation will be followed by changes in a second observation. The moon causes the changes in tides.
Light switch causes the lights to go on and off.
An ice storm will lead to school closings. Counting backwards and STS forgetting. Look for natural occurrences of X and see if Y is present. Praise and children's school grades. Viewing violent T.V. and aggressive behavior in children.