The regulations attempt to recreate real-world conditions by specifying that child dummies be placed in child seats on the passenger seat and in unbelted sitting, kneeling, standing and lying positions. The rule allows for a 25 mph crash test, which the auto industry promoted as a standard that will protect smaller passengers who can be seriously injured or killed when the bag inflates at low speeds. Since 1990, air bags have killed 158 children and small adults, most who were not wearing seat belts and traveling at slower speeds when they crashed. In response to the deaths, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reduced its 30 mph testing standard, allowing automakers to use a 25 mph test that results in air bags that deploy with less force.
Federal data shows air bag deaths have declined sharply for vehicles made since then.
Some consumer groups wanted a return to the 30 mph standard that would result in more powerful air bags, which they say could be combined with advanced technology to stop them from inflating at lower crash speeds. Auto officials dispute it is a matter of cost, saying that customers demand safer products. The department's interim final rule could change after a period of public comment and reaction to the slower speed test.