The personal computer has replaced the typewriter. Cheaper handphones have made the pagers nearly obsolete. Sudden changes could happen because of acquisitions or mergers. After spending much money to acquire a company, management need to recoup funds by axing redundant staff or closing down branches or factories in certain locations. Most commonly, changes are made by management to stem losses in the face of a swing in the economic cycle.
Major changes occur when a company restructures or downsize.
Strong change forces demand rapid change. Change is determined by the environment. Management's role is to continuously change the organisation. In the 1960s to 1990s, managements make sure that organisations continue to run in a constant manner. With Generation X and the new breed of knowledge workers today, they want excitement, challenges, and growth.