This peat forms a rich, organic soil which promotes the growth of certain plants. These peatlands are extremely nutrient deficient and often very acidic. Bogs are found only in the northern hemisphere. They are characterized by low temperatures, a short growing season, and high levels of precipitation . They often feature evergreen trees and shrubs and the floor of a bog is often covered with a thick carpet of sphagnum moss.
Fens receive water from groundwater sources.
They are not acidic and have higher nutrient content than bogs. Because of this, they support a more diverse plant community including grasses, sedges, reeds, and wildflowers. Like bogs, fens are found only in the northern hemisphere and have low temperatures, a short growing season, and high levels of precipitation and humidity. Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems in the world. In terms of biodiversity , they are comparable to rain forests and coral reefs.