Pyramid of biomass looks at weight of living material, amount of fixed energy at a given time. Reduction in biomass at higher trophic levels. Inverted pyramids can happen with single-cell algae that reproduce quickly being eaten by fish. Higher rate of biomass production in producers, still. Pyramid of energy indicates energy content at each level.
Less energy reaches each trophic level because some is lost as work.
Food webs are short because energy transfer isn t efficient Gross primary productivity is rate at which energy is captured during photosynthesis, total amount of photosynthetic energy captured in a given period of time. Wetlands like swamps and marshes very productive, coral reefs are productive, but open ocean doesn t have a lot of available minerals. Relationship between productivity and biodiversity is complex Ecosystems may be more diverse as productivity increases After a certain point, diversity will decline with increasing productivity. Atlantic abyssal plain has high species diversity. When fossil fuels are combusted, carbon released to atmosphere.