Sexes are alike, females average just a bit larger than males. Two color morphs occur, with intermediates. Large, white crescent-shaped patches occur on the upperwing surface on the primaries. Beneath the wing, large dark comma-shaped patches occur at the wrists. Entire head and body and wing surfaces are dark brown to cinnamon-colored.
Ferruginous hawks are birds of open country.
They occur in semiarid grasslands with scattered trees, rocky mounds or outcrops, and shallow canyons that overlook open valleys. They may occur along streams or in agricultural areas in migration. The birds select rocky outcrops, hillsides, rock pinnacles, or trees for nest sites. Nests can be built right on the ground. Nests are built of large twigs or roots.