Surface runoff from burned areas generally increases dissolved nutrient transport and loading of the channel systems. Large volumes of debris and sediment can be transported. From 1 to 5 years afterward, fire may increase potential for accelerated landslide activity through decay of root systems. In steep terrain, loosened debris can choke streams. Hydrophobic soils often form after fires, dramatically changing watershed characteristics.
Fire affects nutrient availability and subsequent nutrient loading of streams.
Chemical effects are generally not harmful to fish.