Neuropsychology is one of the more general terms, and it is used to refer to the study of the relationship between the brain and behavior. Neuroscience generally refers to the study of neurons and the way they work in either animals or humans. Psychophysiology refers to the study of psychological theories using physiological measures. In other words, psychophysiologists try to understand some kind of behavior or cognitive process. Their data generally includes some kind of physiological response, such as heart rate.
Functional neuroanatomy focuses on the study of anatomy using psychological measures.
One application of this kind of research is to help medical professionals anticipate problems a patient might experience following brain injury. Clinical neuroscience concerns the study of clinical populations to better understand neuroanatomy and to test psychological theories. A clinical neuroscientist often works in a hospital setting. Another way that researchers in these various disciplines differ is in the methodological techniques they use. Neuroscientists primarily look at animals and study the chemistry or biology of neurons.