In 1998, the government made these kidnappings punishable by death. Yet the new penalties seemed to have had little effect. The year concluded with the highly publicized kidnapping of 16 foreign tourists, four of whom were killed during a shoot-out when the Yemeni authorities tried to rescue them. Such incidents pose a major threat to attracting foreign investment and developing Yemen's tourism industry. The judiciary is not independent.
Judges are susceptible to bribes and government influence.
There are no jury trials. Local tribal leaders adjudicate land disputes and criminal cases in areas under their authority. Arbitrary arrest and prolonged detention without charge are common practice. Enforcement of due process is arbitrary and often nonexistent in cases involving security offenses. Trials reportedly do not meet international standards of due process.