By accepting the Torah the Jews were born as a nation. The Torah invests special Torah courts, sanhedrin, with authority to try capital cases. G-d desired Mount Sinai as the place from which to give the most desirable of treasures, the Torah. Sustenance and blessing come to the world in the merit of Torah study and observance. Just as teeth prepare the food for digestion, so too the Torah brings nourishment to the world.
Cheese is a metaphor for purity, probably because it's made from pure white milk.
The Talmud offers two answers. According to one opinion, Joshua wrote them. According to the other opinion, Moses himself wrote them using tears instead of ink. After Moses died, Joshua traced over the letters with ink. Some explain the Talmud to mean that Moses wrote the last eight verses not with tears, but rather in a jumbled fashion.