Mechanistic thinking leads to failure, then often change in management. Stacey claims that changes in business performance may be unstable not only due to the environment, but possibly the structure, which produces feedback. The Simpler Way, Margaret Wheatley Find something that works, not optimal. Aristotle's definition of metaphor. Use in analogy.
Ecological process focuses on evolutionary perspective, Darwinism.
Survival depends on adaptation. Other metaphors include playing games, organisms. Chaos as natural system, applied to organizations. Interpretists and relativists claim search for multiple truths. Morgan says that absolute metaphors or organizations are unrealistic.