Gram negative CW - thin, chemically complex. CLP attached to the DAP or lysine of one strand and to the last D-ala of another strand. In GN another PS may be present instead of the CLP - or a link between the PSs may not be present. No effect on humans, viruses, fungi, GN bacteria, non-growing bacteria. Long tome to act on slow growing bacteria.
Cephalosporin is similar to penicillin.
Lipopolysaccharide - contains the O antigen chain and the endotoxin. Envelope - CW and CM of GN bacteria. LPS keeps penicillin from effectively passing through to the peptidoglycan in GN bacteria. Limilus assay test - for the heat stable endotoxin. Antibiotics affecting cell membrane Cyclic polypeptide antibiotics -Disruption of thephospholipids of CM, disrupting the osmotic control.