The above are all from rocks called Tertiary marine sediments which are less than 65 million years old. They were deposited in an ocean called the Tethyan ocean which lay between northern Europe and Africa at that time, across most of what is now mid to southern Europe. The ocean sediments were later caught up in the Alpine mountain building period, which buried them deep enough to cook up oil, before bringing them back closer to the surface. The same goes for the Appenines in Italy and the Black Sea , however, the source rocks for the oil here are Jurassic to Tertiary in age, but were also deposited in the Tethys ocean. They are mainly marine mudstones deposited around the edge of what was the European continent at the time.
Gas is found in the southern North Sea, Germany and Poland.
They were coal rich rocks deposited in a large basin which stretched across Europe during the Permian and was full of deltaic swamps. These sandstones were then covered by salt deposits called the Zechstein Evaporites which acted as a seal stopped the gas escaping.