Local populations unable to place products on the international market may have to convert forests to other uses. He cautioned against the idea that sustainable development requires negotiating environmental issues and leaving all else to the market. He called for greater transparency in the process and underscored biodiversity and socioeconomic factors as well as cost internalization. Industrial sectors should take the lead in establishing certification programmes with oversight by governments and NGOs. A proliferation of different labels should be avoided and methods of tracing timber should be employed.
Certification can lead to SFM and cost internalization.