Manganese deficiency can occur in alkaline soils. Maintain pH within recommended limits. Growth rate is medium slow. Bark smooth similar to oaks. Cones remain on tree for 2-3 years.
Growth rate is medium fast.
Takes regular pruning at proper time well. Growth rate is fast. Planted for fall color of scarlet to golden yellow. Used as understock for edible nut tree. Durable tree, wind resistant.