Due to their large size, adult elephants have no natural predators. Young elephants, however, are occasionally preyed on by tigers. Although Asian and African elephants look much alike, there are several physical characteristics that distinguish them from one another. Unlike most herbivores, elephants cannot reach the ground with their mouths because their necks are too short. Other uses of this versatile organ are smelling, snorkeling, lifting, greeting, caressing, fighting and vocalizing.
Family units comprise related adult cows and their immature offspring.
The family unit is led by the oldest, and usually largest, female called the matriarch. As bulls reach 12-15 years of age, they often leave their natal group to wander alone. Bulls temporarily rejoin female-centered units, especially when females are sexually receptive. During musth, a bull's testosterone level in the blood skyrockets, and he becomes dangerously aggressive, unpredictable and highly competitive with other bulls for females. Females appear to prefer males in musth for mating.