Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy may be taken orally or injected into a vein. Chemotherapy is usually a systemic treatment, meaning the drugs enter the bloodstream, travel through the body, and can kill cancer cells anywhere in the body. Radiation therapy uses high energy X-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Chemotherapy or radiation is sometimes used as adjuvant, or additional, therapy along with surgery to eliminate any microscopic disease that may remain.
Hormone therapy alters the hormone balance in the body to prevent certain cancers from growing.
This may be accomplished with drugs that alter the way hormones work or with surgery that removes hormone-producing organs such as the ovaries. Surgical treatment for cancer involves the removal of all or as much of the tumor as possible. Following tumor removal, the surgeon repairs or reconstructs the organ or tissue, if needed. Biologics, or biologic response modifiers, are drugs that can kill cancer cells, change the body's response to cancer, or decrease the side effects of other treatments. Some biologics are now considered standard therapy for some types of cancer.