Examples include chloral hydrate, phenobarbital, and benzodiazepines. Use may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence. Prescriptions may be oral or written. Up to five renewals are permitted within six months. V Subject to state and local regulation.
Examples are antitussive and antidiarrheal medications containing limited quantities of opioids.
A Controlled studies show no risk. Adequate, well-controlled studies in pregnant women have failed to demonstrate risk to the fetus. No evidence of risk in humans. C Risk cannot be ruled out. Human studies are lacking, and animal studies are either positive for fetal risk, or lacking as well.