However, it may also develop in the hands, spine and feet, and affect one or several joints. In most cases, osteoarthritis is caused by changes in joint cartilage and bone that lead to the joint surfaces wearing down. This tendency to develop osteoarthritis often runs in families. Joint damage from direct injury, unusual wear and tear, and other diseases affecting joints, can also lead to osteoarthritis. In addition, while not necessarily a direct cause of osteoarthritis, being overweight may significantly worsen osteoarthritis in weight-bearing joints, such as the lower back, hips and knees.
Joint deformity is often a late symptom of osteoarthritis.
Medical evaluation of osteoarthritis includes a review of medical history, examination, and possibly x-rays of the affected joints. This information will be used by your doctor to make a diagnosis. If you are diagnosed with osteoarthritis, the two most important steps you can take to prevent osteoarthritis from worsening are protecting your joints from injury and exercising to keep joints flexible and strong. For example, type instead of writing by hand. Use a cane or walker, or any other special device that may help.