Other studies show that when calcium is ingested with sugar, the body will not metabolize the calcium. Excessive intake of table salt has shown to significantly increase loss of calcium through the urine. Ailsa Goulding, Ph.D., of the University of Otago in New Zealand, discovered that when young women added a teaspoon of table salt to their daily diets, the amount of calcium lost greatly increased. Studies indicate that ingestion of caffeine causes the body to excrete excessive amounts of calcium through the urine, potentially causing significant loss of bone mass. The phosphorus binds with calcium and other vital minerals such as magnesium, manganese, zinc and copper, making them unavailable to the body.
Ingested aluminum can accumulate in bones and reduce the creation of new bone.
The ingestion of citric acid products taken at the same time as an aluminum-containing substance greatly increases the body's absorption of aluminum. The body can also absorb aluminum through the skin from antiperspirants. A diet high in animal protein can cause loss of calcium from the bones. The human body withdraws calcium from the bone, in order to buffer the acidic metabolic byproducts of protein breakdown, and the calcium is subsequently excreted from the body through the urine. Besides avoiding the above factors, and eating a balanced, nutritious diet, exercise can play a major role in preventing osteoporosis.