If it occurs in the kidney, it can result in renal failure. HDL-cholesterol does not change, however. Similarly, a BMI of greater than 22 indicates obesity. Increased blood glucose stimulates arterial wall thickening and accelerates formation of plaques. The risk of death after cessation of smoking approximates that of nonsmokers at 1-5 years after stopping smoking.
Evidence also suggests that second hand smoke doubles the incidence of heart disease.
Exercise has a direct effect on blood vessel walls in the production of elastin and collagen. It also increases HDL and decreases LDL levels. A reduction in body fat caused by chronic exercise also positively influences LDL and HDL levels. Fat in your diet directly effects your levels of blood lipids. A diet high in saturated fats and cholesterol stimulates an increase in LDLs.