Incompetent valves causes the blood to back up into the lower leg causing venous pressure increases that dilate the vessel. Symptoms include pain or heaviness in the leg, feet and ankles, swelling, stasis ulcers on the skin, and severe bleeding upon vein injury. Superficial veins usually do not require treatment although treatment may be sought for cosmetic reasons. Varicose veins don't get better without treatment. Treatment of varicose veins consists of rest, elevation of extremity, and the use of external support such as elastic wraps or support hose.
Elastic stockings are preferred to elastic bandages.
Behavioral changes can help prevent the formation of varicose veins. Crossing the legs at the ankles instead of the knees when sitting is preferable. The avoidance of high heels, which limit calf muscle use, and restrictive clothing, which limit blood flow in the groin or calf area, may help. Prolonged sitting or standing should be avoided by taking breaks to elevate the legs or walk around both of which will help move the blood along and prevent valve failure. For pregnant women, sleeping on the left side rather than the back may be helpful as this would decrease the pressure on the pelvic veins.