Travelers' diarrhea can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites, which are found universally throughout the region and can contaminate food or water. Make sure your food and drinking water are safe.
Malaria is a preventable infection that can be fatal if left untreated.
Malaria risk in this region exists in some urban and many rural areas, depending on elevation. A certificate of yellow fever vaccination may be required for entry into certain of these countries. If you visit the Andes Mountains, ascend gradually to allow time for your body to adjust to the high altitude, which can cause insomnia, headaches, nausea, and altitude sickness. In addition, use sunblock rated at least 15 SPF, because the risk of sunburn is greater at high altitudes. Because motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of injury among travelers, walk and drive defensively.