The base of the mandible of the male is black while that of the female is yellow. White edges, dark bars, and vermiculations on the reddish brown back and white breast create a mottled appearance. The diet consists primarily of seeds but also includes green leafy material, fruits and, invertebrates. In early spring, leafy material is an important source of vitamins. Females consume more insects than males in response to elevated need for protein during egg laying.
Fruits are also an important summer source of carbohydrates.
Seeds and legumes constitute the majority of the bobwhite diet in fall and winter. Data are conflicting as to which sex actually builds nests. Bobwhites form coveys of parents, offspring, and unsuccessful breeding pairs. Habitat Bobwhite habitats must contain a diversity of invertebrates, seed and herbaceous plants. Cover that provides protection from predators, weather, and provides nesting material is also essential.