Results will be used to recommend the most economical and effective application of quality management innovations. 97 FY 98 FAA Staff Years 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.5 13. In order to achieve stable productivity with fewer personnel, a variety of philosophical, procedural, and policy-related organizational changes are required. In the end, each FAA organization will require reengineering to transform the culture and processes of the agency in order to build morale and increase responsiveness, productivity, and efficiency as a service provider. It also involves giving them greater say about how the organization does business.
Empowerment therefore involves notions of employee involvement in decision making.
Culture refers to the shared, values, assumptions, beliefs, and norms that often unconsciously direct an organization's business practices. These goals summarize the key elements of an empowerment culture. The organizational change research literature demonstrates that the majority of managerial innovations fail or fall short of expected outcomes. Many organizations have devoted millions of dollars to implement innovations that failed because of ineffective implementation strategies or incompatibility with the organization's culture or its operations. Answers to such questions can only come from research involving well-designed, valid measurement followed up with multivariate analysis and causal modeling.