Subject matter such as literature, civics, health, or career guidance would be suitable for this treatment. Adapted mainstream content course The existing curriculum for a mainstream course is adapted or even combined with other mainstream courses, making the content more accessible to non-native English speakers. Social studies and science courses are frequently adapted. As they negotiate a jointly constructed outcome, they exchange knowledge and experiences and make their own connections with the content and language. Whole language Language is used in natural ways for clearly defined purposes, often in activities which feature social interaction.
Instruction closely integrates listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
The teacher may then use transcripts of these stories as texts for reading instruction, thus guiding the students to make connections between oral and written language. The approach may also be adapted for writing instruction. Interdisciplinary learning An instructional unit, ranging in length from a few class periods to a year-long course, is built on a theme which may be approached from two or more disciplinary perspectives. Students are led to unite content and language learning in meaningful contexts and to develop the kinds of thinking skills needed for various disciplines. See C-ESL Guides No. 9 for guidelines for selecting materials, No. 10 for adapting materials, No. 11 for techniques of presentation, No. 12 for cooperative learning and small group work, No. 13 for developing a thematic unit, No. 14 for creating lesson plans, and No. 15 for sample lesson plans.