The pattern of fouling showed that branchiostegal setae also prevented particulate fouling. However, gill-cleaning setae were not effective against bacterial or ciliate fouling. It is suggested that setobranchs of other decapods, e.g., some families and genera of caridean shrimps, are also adaptations preventing particulate but not epibiotic fouling. This supports the view that gill brushing is more advanced than setobranch or other indirect gill-cleaning methods, both in the functional and evolutionary sense. Furthermore, Form I males performed significantly more Lunge and Claws-Raised initiation behaviors than Form II males during these contests.
Male form is an important variable in the agonistic interactions of cambarid crayfishes.
In C. robustus , adult males of both forms coexist in the same populations throughout the year. Thus, Form I and Form II males may compete with one another for access to potentially limiting resources. Inc. In vitro nodule formation in the ridgeback prawn, Sicyonia ingentis , and the American lobster, Homarus americanus Gary G. Martin, Johnson Kay, Donna Poole, and Cynthia Poole Department of Biology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA Abstract . In this study, hemolymph from a shrimp or a lobster was mixed in a culture medium with or without bacteria. In all cases, hemocytes rapidly aggregated to form nodules.