He also establishes the habit of refining the brew by filtering out the grounds, sweetening it, and adding a dash of milk. Coffee, introduced to the West by Italian traders, grabs attention in high places. In Italy, Pope Clement VIII is urged by his advisers to consider that favourite drink of the Ottoman Empire part of the infidel threat. Captain John Smith helps to found the colony of Virginia at Jamestown. It's believed that he introduced coffee to North America.
First coffeehouse opens in Italy.
Edward Lloyd's coffeehouse opens in England and is frequented by merchants and maritime insurance agents. The Dutch unwittingly provide Louis XIV of France with a coffee bush whose descendants will produce entire Western coffee industry when in 1723 French naval officer Gabriel Mathieu do Clieu steals a seedling and transports it to Martinique. Within 50 years and official survey records 19 million coffee trees on Martinique. Not only does he settle the dispute, but also strikes up a secret liaison with the wife of French Guiana's governor. Although France guarded its New World coffee plantations to prevent cultivation from spreading, the lady said good-bye to Palheta with a bouquet in which she hid cuttings and fertile seeds of coffee.