The cause is fundamentally unknown, but there are identifiable circumstances associated with the onset of the condition. Secondary lymphedema is far more common than primary. In equatorial regions of the earth, most cases of lymphedema result from infection associated with parasites. In Europe, the U.S.A., and other areas, acquired lymphedema is commonly associated with complications following treatment for cancers. Lymphedema may be a temporary condition, or it may be chronic.
Chronic lymphedema is seen more commonly in cancer patients.
Lymphedema usually begins with swelling of the hands or feet. Anyone who notices persistent swelling in an extremity should seek medical advice. If lymphedema is diagnosed and if treatment begins early, the prognosis for improvement of the condition is much greater than if the swelling is ignored and remains untreated. Lymphedema is uncurable, but readily treatable. Lymphedema can be controlled by elevating the limb, regular use of a lymphatic sleeve, and treatment with a pneumatic sleeve that massages the limb.