Structural systems such as laminated composites or steel reinforced concrete deserve special attention. Research topics of interest within this area include development of methods to model matrix cracking, fiber or rebar pull-out, fiber breakage, delamination, and gross failure modes. Mesh distortion in Lagrangian finite element codes often limits the accuracy and stability of failure models. Tools for remeshing have proved useful in two spatial dimensions, but improved remeshing tools are needed for three-dimensional meshes, particularly those comprised of hexehedral elements. Robust contact algorithms are essential for production engineering analysis.
Current programs use node-based contact algorithms to locate material interpenetration.
Applications benefiting from improved contact algorithms include metal forming and penetration mechanics.