This results nearly always in an imbalance of the chromosome composition leading to lethality. But the generation of triploids itself is relatively simple and is caused by the fertilization of a haploid egg with a diploid pollen or vice versa. Certain extern factors lead to an increased probability of such events. Preliminary stages of pollen occurring in unripe antheres, for example, can be induced to germinate and differentiate on suitable media. But the yield of such experiments is very low.
Haploid plants are smaller than diploids.
They develop flowers, but no fruits since no undisturbed meiosis can take place. Just like the mesophyll cells of many diploid plants are haploids well suited for the production of protoplasts. Treatment with colchicine transfers them into a diploid state. The cells keep their ability to regenerate and can develop into complete and normal plants. Haploid plants reveal all their genetic information or, in other words, their genotype is completely displayed by their phenotype.