As for why the role catagories take the names of Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou, here is an explanation. It is said that they were chosen to mean the opposite. In fact, the paintings on face make the charaters look like unclean but colorful. In contrast, Chou charaters are usually active and quick. These are classified according to the role's characteristics.
Male roles are either civil or military.
Their apparel accordingly is of good quality but not too garish in its design or color. A Lao Sheng has a black or white beard, depending on his age, and wears a black hat with two fins on either side which vary in shape according to his rank in a civil role. When a military role is played, the costume is quieter and of a more uniform color than those of the warriors in the painted-face roles, but the armour is also worn. A Lao Sheng's voice is soft and pleasant to listen to, neither too harsh nor too high pitched, but gentle and firm. Minor officials or land owners who have attained a small degree of responsibility are also included in this role.