You'll need a business plan and perhaps a personal guarantee. The funds are a loan, so you must generate enough cash to cover loan payments. Banks seem to be desperate for customers these days. The government can also help. The SBA can point you toward many different funding sources as well as give you assistance with the legal and administrative aspects of starting your business.
Entrepreneurs often raise funds from friends and family.
Treat these investors as real business relationships, however. Demonstrate how you will use the money and how you will repay it. Issuing stock is complicated you may need a prospectus and SEC registrations, depending on how much you're raising. Note that if you're promising an IPO, the odds are not on your side. Very, very few companies go public.