Aim the telescope by watching its shadow as you swing the instrument back and forth. When the shadow is the shortest, the telescope is pointed at the sun. Bright, irregularly shaped granules in the photosphere are convective cells that carry hot gases upward. For most amateur astronomers, the biggest attraction of sungazing is watching the photosphere's ever-changing array of sunspots. The largest sunspots are visible to the naked eye and were followed by Chinese astronomers thousands of years ago.
Energy pouring outward from the sun's core creates strong magnetic currents that ebb and flow.
These areas range in size from hundreds to thousands of kilometers in diameter. Although some sunspots are large enough to view through binoculars, or even the unaided eye with proper filtering, most require a telescope. Sunspots often form in groups, with the largest spanning several Earth diameters across. Groups typically consist of one or two larger sunspots surrounded by several smaller members. Successful sunspot viewing depends not only upon the optical quality of equipment used, but also upon the steadiness of Earth's atmosphere.