Wetzel explains that during EtO sterilization the greater porosity allows the sterilant to pass through more easily, reducing the stress on seals. Aclar can also withstand E-beam sterilization. Several other emerging techniques are also in use, such as gas plasma or UV light. Because of the wide use of EtO and radiation, there is a great deal of information about their effects on medical device packaging. Large amounts of toxic ethylene chlorohydrin can form from chlorine-containing materials in the sterilized product.
Excessive temperatures can distort or melt some materials.
Rubber can be damaged. Several materials can become odorous. Silicone lubricants become more viscous. Some adhesives lose significant strength. Material degradation, which may have been acceptable immediately after irradiation, can continue as the package sits on the shelf.