The essay 'Projective Verse' by Charles Olson became the group manifesto. Creeley edited the Black Mountain Review , which featured the work of William Carlos Williams, Paul Blackburn, Denise Levertov, Allen Ginsberg, Gary Snyder. Much of the group's early work was published in Origin . The term deep ecology was coined by its founder and leading guru, the Norwegian philosopher Arne Naess. Deep ecology is the philosophy of environmental ethics, the spirituality of Gaia.
Deep ecology leads to direct action.