In addition Hudson and Rhinebeck soils formed in deep clayey lacustrine deposits. Moderately well drained. The potential for surface runoff is medium to high. Permeability is moderate above the fragipan and slow or very slow in the fragipan. Most areas have been cleared.
Dominant crops are corn, small grains, hay and vegetables with some pasture and fruit trees.
Woodlots are of sugar maple with red oak, beech, hop hornbeam, black ash and other northern hardwoods. Erie-Ontario plain, Mohawk Valley, Hudson Valley and the southern part of the St. Lawrence Valley of New York. Locally in valleys of the glaciated Allegheny Plateau. The series is moderately extensive. Madison County, New York, 1955.