It also allows room both aspects of the cognitive element, which can be positive or negative. Although stickiness is influenced by flow and telepresence it is not defined purely by those aspects. Both refer to the state of mind of the user and therefore are focused on effects of web design on the user. Stickiness however refers to attributes of the site itself and how that in turn affects the actions of the user. Flow Flow can be defined as a cognitive state during an online navigation determined by high levels of skill and control, high levels of challenge and arousal, focused attention, and enhanced by interactivity and telepresence.
Flow seems to be experienced more often when a user visits a series of sites.
While a user can experience flow on a specific site, spending a sizable amount of time and navigating deeply into the site, it can be a one-time phenomenon. The user can lose awareness of the physical world while working through the site but that does not mean that the user will return to the site. Telepresence Telepresence is very similar to flow but it lacks the challenge and skill requirements. It refers to the experience of the online world becoming more real than the physical world around the user. Again, users can experience telepresence while on a site, navigating through the site over a large amount of time, but they can lack the desire to return frequently to the site.