The recommendations at the end of the appendix are important for the advancement of professional-development programs. The increase in the number of programs over the last decade suggests a response to a perceived need for professional -development activities. Because programs and funding sources change constantly, we describe here only major sources of funding, and the descriptions might not be current. Some funds are also granted to private organizations and professional societies for programs that directly benefit teachers. The Eisenhower pro gram has two components.
Funds are to be used primarily for teachers' professional-development activities.
Some state organizations use Eisenhower funds to provide opportunities for staff-development presentations by teachers. The Eisenhower program was reauthorized in October 1994 as part of the General Education Provisions Act and its Title II, Improving Teaching and Learning. It replaces the Dwight D. Eisenhower Mathematics and Science Education Act programs. Most other provisions of the previous Eisenhower program appear to remain in force, including support of the clearinghouse. Several agencies have designed programs that correspond to their own scien tific missions.