More northern birds may migrate long distances over the winter months and it is unknown whether pairs remain together during migration. Initiation of courtship depends on the latitude. Southern birds may begin courtship and nesting activity in the late fall or early winter, while it is more common for northern birds to court and nest in the early spring. Courtship may involve spectacular aerial displays where the birds lock talons and spin towards the ground. Copulation occurs on branches or other secure perches and is preceded by tail pumping and wing flapping displays by the male.
Eagles construct their nests near water in tall trees or on cliffs using large sticks.
The nest is lined with twigs, grasses and other soft materials. Since these nests are used year after year, they may become very large. The record was 6 meters deep and nearly 3 meters across. Bald Eagles lay two, occasionally three, eggs that are incubated by the parents in turns for 34-36 days. Often only one chick survives, but if food is plentiful they may rear two or occasionally three.