Moraines are long ridges of material deposited at the edge of a glacier that was melting as fast as it was moving out. Spillways are valleys created by the meltwater moving from the edge of glaciers. Kames are gravelly hills created where large quanitities of sand and gravel were washed out of the glacier. Kettle lakes were formed when giant blocks of ice within deposits of sand and gravel melted, creating depressions which filled with water. Eskers are long ridges consisting of sediment deposited in glacial streams that was left behind when the glacier melted.
Fiords are deep U-shaped valleys that have been flooded.
Not all glaciers in modern times are confined to polar regions. Several physical features of mountains are the result of glacial action. Cirques are basins created by erosion and weathering at the upper end of a glaciated mountain valley. Horns are rugged, pyramid-shaped mountain peaks created by erosion on several sides of a mountain. Cols are saddle-shaped gaps between horns.