Overturn and upwelling bring nutrients to the surface. Soils include minerals and organic material. Soil formation and loss are continuing processes. Soil types are products of many factors. Terrestrial biomes are defined by the dominant plant type.
Biomes are products of climates, soil types, chance, and history.
Ecosystems include producers, consumers, and decomposers. Ecosystems are extremely complex and interlinked. Intervention usually has unforeseen consequences. Water is a polar molecule. Oxygen holds electrons more tightly than does hydrogen.