Surgery, trauma or diseases may cause injuries to the mucous membrane or changes within the normal flora .
Infected organs are usually the gallbladder, bile ducts and the intestine.
Acute infectious diarrhoea is most commonly caused by and Campylobacter, Shigella, Salmonella species and toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Shifts in the composition of the normal flora owing to disease or treatment, i.e. antibiotic treatment , and contamination of food and water sources usually leads to infectious diarrhoea. Skin infections are most commonly caused by bacteria, followed by mycosis and viral diseases. Most bacterial infections of the skin are caused by Staphylococcus aureus, streptococci and pseudomonads. Folliculitis is the inflammation of hair follicles, possibly leading to permanent hair loss.