Fascicles -clusters of leaves borne on short shoots. In the axil of long shoot leaves, axillary bud forms the short shoots.
Leaves stay on plant for several years.
No abscission zone as in flowering plants. Some conifers, however, shed their leaves every year like the larch, Larix . Hydrophytes e.g. water lilies 1. Thin cuticle 2. Stomata on upper surface of floaters, sometimes lacking in submerged leaves 3.