It is expected that these approaches can be followed in different applications of group memory. Availability, biased encoding, biased retrieval, incongruity biased retrieval. The environment can be internal or external to the group. The vertical memory incorporates data and knowledge of any particular profession or function such as, accounting or engineering. The horizontal memory includes data and knowledge of multiple disciplines such as, strategic planning.
Horizontal memory utilizes various languages and representations.
Hypermedia, multi-media and cognitive maps can be useful tool for building horizontal memory. Contents of the memory relate to past, present or future data or information. The group memory information can be stored in procedural or declarative mode. The design of GMIS involves identification of appropriate type of information processing logic to govern these core functions. These are availability-biased judgment, biased encoding, biased retrieval, incongruity biased retrieval .