Use a single hand-held gauge to check the pressures to reduce the chance of error in permanently installed gauges. Significant pressure differences indicate clogging or the need for backflushing. Extended operation under these conditions greatly reduces system efficiency. These lines are usually installed deep enough to eliminate the chance of damage from cultural practices. Rigid PVC and polyethylene are typical materials used due to their low cost and chemical-resistant qualities.
Lateral lines supply water to the emission devices from the main or submain lines.
The 1 gph emitter is the most common choice in permanent plantings. The 2 gph emitter is used where the soil can accept a higher application rate with good lateral water movement and runoff is not a problem. A system using 2 gph emitters can be more cost effective where conditions allow. The device is located between trees so it wets half the rootzone of two trees. The non-compensating form is found more frequently in the field.