Scientific findings regarding the effects of low or moderate alcohol consumption in pregnancy are inconsistent. Epidemiological studies are hampered by methodological problems, small sample sizes, and inconsistent operational definitions. However, a dose-response is well established. In a number of studies, association of low and moderate alcohol consumption with a range of congenital and childhood conditions approaches significance. These statistically non-significant findings in small samples may be found to be biologically significant in larger populations.
Important evidence comes from recent molecular research.
Recent findings corroborate a link between low doses of alcohol and neuronal changes that effect learning and memory. The new knowledge moves the threshold for alcohol-induced abnormalities downward and sets the Surgeon General's advice on firmer scientific ground. Experts say Abstain. Small amounts are critical for some individual women due to reduced ability to metabolize alcohol. Small amounts are critical to some infants due to genetic risk.