Commonest cause is contamination of wounds as occurs in trauma, septic abortions, immunocompromise, surgery. Gram stain of infected material reveals gram-positive rods. Again, hyperbaric oxygen may have a role, but has not been proven by prospective clinical trials. More common in the tropics. CPK is enormously raised.
Big problem is loss of the airway, due to tissue oedema.
Treatment is iv antibiotics and surgical decompression.