The formation of ATP utilizing the energy derived from the oxidation of glucose is an example of coupling where an exergonic reaction is coupled to an endergonic reaction to allow the products of that endergonic reaction to be formed. Activation of pyruvate using Coenzyme A coupling is an example of this. Simple sugars are monosaccharides, oligosaccharides consist of several simple sugars and polysaccharides are monosaccharide polymers. Carbohydrates are not only a fuel source - they have important functions as recognition sites and structural components. Also called enantiomers.
Haworth formulas show the cyclic structure as a pyranose or furanose ring.
Reactions of Monosaccharides Oxidation-reduction reactions. Sugars can be oxidized to CO 2 and H 2 O. Reducing sugars contain an aldehyde which can be oxidized. Deoxy sugars contain a hydrogen atom substituted for one of the OH groups in the sugar. NOT an ether bond - it is much easier to hydrolyze a glycosidic linkage. Can have a and b -glycosides depending on the configuration of the OH on the anomeric carbon before reaction.