The cause of his death was determined to be a combination of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, and caffeine, all of which are found in the product. Florida has already banned herbal ecstasy products. In response, at least one manufacturer is introducing new herbal stimulant blends. Even if the FDA succeeds in forcing ephedra-based stimulants off the market, new blends are sure to replace them. Ephedra is a stimulant.
Kavakava is a depressant.
Ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, caffeine, and phenylpropanolamine were packaged to look like various controlled substance amphetamines and other stimulants. A secondary concern was the harm to the drug consumers directly from the stimulants, and the confusion of drug users about the potency of what appeared to be pharmaceutical products. Treatment of overdoses was hindered by confusion about the actual drug ingested.