A test in which the ejaculate is collected in a condom may be necessary to verify that the ejaculate contains blood. Physical examination should be directed to the potential local and systemic causes of hemospermia and should include genital and rectal examination. Targeted testing of the blood and urine is generally performed. If a cause is not found, other investigational tools, such as transrectal ultrasound examination, may be used. Treatment and prognosis of hemospermia depend on the cause.
Many cases remain idiopathic and resolve spontaneously.
The prevalence and severity of diabetic eye disease can be reduced with good glycemic control in both types of diabetes. Appropriate laser treatment can reduce the risk of blindness from retinopathy in up to 95 percent of patients. Laser therapy is less effective for maculopathy and prevents blindness in only 60 to 70 percent of patients. Aspirin and ticlopidine have been shown to slow pathologic changes in retinopathy, but clinical trials have had disappointing results. Other medications that have been studied but have not shown therapeutic benefit in patients with diabetic retinopathy include aminoguanidines, aldose-reductase inhibitors and antioxidants.