It was then diluted with water. Feathers from geese were most commonly used for pens, but feathers from turkeys, swans, and hens were also used. More adults could read than write, and most of those who could write were men. Teachers used copy books showing how letters were to be formed to teach penmanship. Steel nibs replaced the quill pens in the 19th century, and ball-point pens were first introduced about 1950.
Historians use primary sources to discover and interpret the past.
They must be able to decipher the various handwriting styles used over time, as well as the commonly used abbreviations and word usage patterns of the era. In addition to the content, the penmanship methods and materials help the researcher gain a clearer picture of the past. Then ask the students to do the same. When everyone has finished, ask them how this activity would have been done in an Arkansas classroom during the mid 1800's. 2. Lead a class discussion on writing instruments and techniques using information in the Key Facts and Background section of this lesson.