The development of a stable, ultra-fine dispersion of Titanium Dioxide in the sun tan emulsion can be simplified by measuring the surface free energy of the particles to be suspended and the surface tension of the liquid carrier. Wetting of plant surfaces by pesticides and fungicides is very important in determining the effectiveness of the pesticide and fungicide formulations. Interaction of plant leaf and acid rain is important to know for protecting valuable corps. Critical surface tension of cell surfaces and bacteria to implants or drug surfaces needed to be identified for curing disease or for an artificial organ implantation. Development of stable emulsions for paint s storage shelf life also involve the interfacial tension between the particle and carrier in the paint formulation.
Historical buildings have to be protected and preserved against pollution like acid rain.
Their surfaces have to be impregnated by silicide acid or synthetic materials. Sands polluted by oil can be cleaned by treatment with surfactant solutions. The progress of the cleaning process can easily be controlled by contact angle measurements on the treated and pretreated samples. The tightness of rubber sealing caps on glass surfaces can be predicated by surface free energy measurements. Artificial bones and artificial organs have to have a certain surface free energy to be accepted by the human body.