Volatile organic compounds include hydrocarbons, as well as alcohols, aldehydes and ethers. VOCs in the air arise mainly from automotive fuels and industrial solvents. Chemical reactions driven by sunlight and involving VOCs and oxides of nitrogen form ozone, a gas harmful to humans, animals and plants. Table 1 Major pollutants in our air Pollutant Sources Health effects Carbon monoxide Motor vehicles, burning of fossil fuels. Blood absorbs carbon monoxide more readily than oxygen, reducing the amount of oxygen being carried through the body.
Carbon monoxide can produce tiredness and headaches.
People with heart problems are particularly at risk. Sulfur dioxide Coal and oil burning power stations, mineral ore processing and chemical manufacture. Attacks the throat and lungs. People with breathing problems can suffer severe illness. Nitrogen dioxide Fuel combustion.