These species are also poisonous to people and livestock. Care should be given when considering these species for your landscape. Solid fences, such as wood privacy fences, need only to be 6 feet tall because deer will not willingly jump over a barrier if they can't see the other side. The bottom of woven wire fences should be held firmly to the ground, with stakes if need be. Wooden fences in contact with the ground should be made with pressure treated lumber to reduce termite damage.
Electric fences can be very useful for keeping deer out of yards, fields, or gardens.
A method using peanut butter on foil flags has proven to be very effective at excluding deer. There are numerous chemicals that will act to discourage deer from feeding on plants. The advantages of chemical repellents to reduce deer damage are that they are often simple to use and may be the only option to discourage deer feeding on valuable plants if cost or deed restrictions prevent fences. The disadvantages of the use of chemical repellents are that it is only a temporary solution and may be expensive over a long period. Below is a list of the active ingredients registered to repel deer.