The problem with the surgical team approach is that only the best companies have good surgeons, and even then there are only one or two of them. Mere mortals may then achieve superprogrammer performance. The team becomes the virtuoso. A characteristic of the cybercorp is that virtuoso employees have to be empowered because their managers cannot understand what they are doing. American Management Association, 1995.
Bottlenecks are a major priority.
They are identified and evaluated daily. This is the essence of Goldratt's revolutionary strategy for reengineering manufacturing. A Harness Constraint for an Interactive System. On very rare occasions, a flash of insight is such an obvious explanation of our current problems that it is immediately adopted by the scientific community. Such was the theory of relativity in Einsteins era, and new findings based on complexity theory are having the same effect in our time.