Statistical inference is the use of samples to reach conclusions about the population from which those samples have been drawn. For example, twenty people who have not read this passage would be one sample. The same twenty people after they have read the passage is another sample. If we found that, before reading this passage, many of the twenty people could explain what inferential statistics is. This is part of descriptive statistics testing or retesting a hypothesis.
Hypothesis testing is part of inferential statistics .
The raw data of statistics is groups of numbers that the statistician intends to work on. They are the numbers before they have been organised and processed. In statistics it is a group of numbers in rows and columns with the smallest at the beginning and the rest in order of size up to the largest at the end. If a result is very unlikely to have arisen by chance we say it is statistically significant . If a result would only arrive by chance once in a hundred times, we would call it significant .