Choked disc, papilledema Intracranial increased venous pressure transmitted to veins of optic disc causing bulging of same. A valuable diagnostic sign for ophthalmologists, but damaging in its own right to the retina and vision. Corpora amylacea Polyglucosan bodies which are round faintly basophilic and intensely PAS positive. These occur at astrocytic end processes but appear to be extracellular. Cysticercosis Encysted larvae of the tapeworm Taenia solium.
Fluid accumulation is primarily intracellular.
Dementia paralytica Subacute meningoencephalitis, predominantly frontal, in advanced syphilis. Demyelinating disease Loss of myelin out of proportion to axonal loss, usually due to autoimmune mechanisms. This leads to hemorrhage, contusions and lacerations. Diffuse axonal injury Occurs with angular acceleration of the brain within the cranial vault. Microscopically, axonal swellings known as retraction bulbs are seen, primarily in the corpus callosum and in paraventricular and hippocampal areas.