The medical controversy Homoeopathy is based on principles which conflict fundamentally with those currently known to underlie orthodox medicine. The basic mechanisms by which orthodox pharmaceutical agents exert their effects are generally known. The implication of all these mechanisms of action is that the pharmacological effects of drugs are related to their concentration at the site of action. Within certain limits, the higher the concentration, the greater is the resulting pharmacological effect. This 'dose-response relationship' is well established for drugs currently on the market.
Homoeopathic practice is based on altogether different principles.
The active ingredient is heavily diluted in an inactive vehicle, usually water or alcohol, until no molecule of the original agent remains. According to the approach described above there is no reason to suppose that the active ingredient can be effective, because it is no longer physically present. However, homoeopathic practitioners believe that by subjecting this solution to a series of shakes, termed succussions, it becomes more potent. Such claims run contrary to the principles underlying twentieth century drug therapy, and the two treatment systems cannot be reconciled in the light of our present understanding. There is controversy amongst doctors as to whether homoeopathy has proven effectiveness.