Danish and Norwegian Reformations. Michelangelo's Last Judgment. 1545 Council of Trent to meet intermittently until 1563 to define Catholic dogma and doctrine, reiterate papal authority. 1561 Persecution of Huguenots in France stopped by Edict of Orleans. French religious wars begin again with massacre of Huguenots at Vassy.
Japan permits visits of foreign ships.
Queen Elizabeth I excommunicated by Pope. Turks attack Cyprus and war on Venice. Montaigne's Essays published. Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian calendar . 1587 Mary, Queen of Scots , executed for treason by order of Queen Elizabeth I. Monteverdi's First Book of Madrigals.