Male gametangia, antheridium - sausage shape to roundish produces flagellated sperm. Absorbs water and swells releases sperm when mature. Egg fertilized within the archegonium Mature sporophyte consists of a capsule located at the tip of a slender stalk, the seta . Spores germinate and form protonema which eventually develops into male and female gametophytes. Marchantia , example of a thalloid liverwort Reproduction Reproduce asexually by a. Fragmentation b. gemma .
Gemma are tiny, lens-shaped pieces of tissue that become detached from the thallus.
They are produced in small gemma cups scattered over the upper surface of the gametophyte. Sexual reproduction 1. Separate male and female gametophytes. Gametangia form in gametophores which are umbrella like structures. Antheridia are borne on disk-like stalks called a ntheridiophores 4.