G ynecological cancers affect a woman's reproductive organs, including the cervix, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and vagina. More than 80,000 American women are diagnosed each year. Cervical cancer develops at the mouth or neck of the womb. It is easily treated when found early, which is why physicians recommend women undergo regular Pap tests.
Endometrial cancer develops inside the uterus and is the most curable form of gynecological cancer.
Being overweight, smoking, and having few or irregular periods can contribute to the disease. Uterine cancer is often diagnosed early because abnormal vaginal bleeding prompts a woman to see her doctor. Ovarian cancer, the most serious gynecological cancer, generally strikes women over 50. The risk increases for women who have had a mother, sister or daughter with the disease and is especially high if two or more close relatives have had it. Infertility and not bearing children can also increase risk.