Cases from the federal district courts are published in a set of books called the Federal Supplement, published by a company called West. Cases from the federal Circuit courts are published in a similar set of books called the Federal Reporter, also published by West. Cases from the Supreme Court are published in the United States Reports, published by the government. All of these have abbreviations. United States Reports are always U.S., and are the most important of the Supreme Court abbreviations.
Every case has a page number and reference.
If that case is marked as being 886 F.Supp 1411, what that tells you is that it is in the 886th volume of the first version of the Federal Supplement, and starts on page 1411. If the case was appealed to a circuit court, it might be at 921 F.2d 18, which would be the 18th page of volume 921 of the second Federal Reporter. State courts are very different. All levels of state court decisions go into regional reporters. The Texas cases are thrown in with cases from Arkansas and Kentucky and Missouri.