The delayed form of latex allergy is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction that results in contact dermatitis mediated by T cells. This type of allergy is usually more commonly a reaction to other components of rubber products rather than to latex itself. These include rubber accelerators, preservatives, and antioxidants. Type IV hypersensitivity is diagnosed by skin patch testing. If a patient is suspected of having latex allergy and serum testing is negative, skin testing should be performed.
Immunoassays are highly specific but are less sensitive.
Unfortunately, skin testing carries the risk of an anaphylactic reaction and should only be done in a setting where both the immediate and delayed reactions can be anticipated and treated. Skin testing is also complicated by the lack of a standardized latex extract. Currently, latex extracts are usually prepared by soaking latex glove sections in an appropriate diluent. Standardized patch test allergens are available for many of the most common preservatives and rubber accelerators. Occupational Issues Return to the Table of Contents.