Verbal expression of dissent only The use of secret ballot and verbal go-around are the most commonly used, although the use of a secret ballot tends to more likely result in a hung jury. Juror sex and socioeconomic status are correlated with juror participation.
Males tend to speak more than females and higher socioeconomic status jurors participate more.
The physical location of the jurors also has an effect on their individual performance. There were no significant differences in the distribution of verdicts for plaintiff or defendant.