Black holes evaporate slowly by radiation.
This takes very long for solar mass black holes, but for very small black holes it can be very quick. Gravity has an infinite range. Black holes are not any different in terms of their gravity than any other stars of the same mass. The star will be torn apart by tidal forces, and the gravitational energy will be released as a burst of radiation. The heavy elements are formed by nuclear reactions under explosive conditions, when neutron captures proceed faster than radioactive beta decays.