It is also available in transdermal patches, which allow the drug to be slowly absorbed into the bloodstream, and in vaginal creams, which treat localized discomforts. Estrogen replacement therapy is not risk-free. For that reason, a woman who still has a uterus is usually prescribed progestin in addition to estrogen. This significantly reduces the risk of abnormal changes in the uterine lining. Endometrial cancer is not the only risk from estrogen use.
Gallbladder disease is another.
Women who use estrogens after menopause are more likely to develop gallbladder disease needing surgery than women who don't use estrogens. The drug's labeling also includes a warning about abnormal blood clotting. Clots can cause a stroke, heart attack, or pulmonary embolus, any of which can be fatal. Estrogen can produce uncomfortable side effects such as nausea and vomiting. It can enlarge breasts and make them tender.