Topographic, and therefore site, variation within a floodplain and subsequent deposition patterns are the result of stream movement within the floodplain and subsequent deposition patterns. There is a notable difference between bottomlands found in the Atlantic Coastal and Gulf Coastal Plain in that ridge, and swale topography is far more common in the Atlantic Coastal region. This variation is due to differences that occurred during the formation of floodplains. Bars or point bars are formed when the concave section of stream banks erodes and the sediment is deposited downstream on an opposite convex area of the stream channel. With time and increased deposition, the bar may become a mud flat and may eventually be raised to the level of the current front or natural levee.
Fronts generally represent the best sites for tree growth in the floodplain.
These natural levees are formed when streams overflow their banks and there is rapid deposition. These areas are typically the highest sites with the best surface and internal drainage. They are the most productive areas, and virtually all desirable bottomland hardwood species can be grown on these sites. Ridges are nothing more than old fronts and are generally considered to be the second best sites for hardwoods. These areas vary in elevation from 2 to 15 feet above flats, but 2 to 3 feet elevation is more common.