Turners syndrome is occasionally identified by ultrasound during the second trimester. At birth, some babies appear entirely normal. Others have edema of hand and feet and webbing of the neck. Later, individuals with Turner syndrome have short stature and widely spaced nipples along with neck webbing. The ovaries fail to develop leading to primary amenorrhea and infertility.
Intelligence is normal.
Treatment with estrogens during adolescence permits the development of secondary sex characteristics and prevents osteoporosis. In the U.S. they account for approximately one in every 1500 pregnancies. Clinical manifestations include first trimester bleeding, rapid uterine enlargement, and first trimester pre-eclampsia. Diagnosis is made by uterine ultrasound and demonstrating serum beta-HCG levels greater than expected for gestational age. 46 chromosomes are derived from the father with the remaining 23 being maternal in origin.