Herbert thus became not only a reformer of psychology, but of pedagogy as well. The last great representative of German Idealism in systematic philosophy was Schopenhauer. While with him the phenomenal world is is. This Schopenhaugr interprets as a blind, illogical, aimless impulse, without any original ethical tendency whatsoever. Through the blind impulse of this world-will arises human intelligence and the phenomenal world.
History loses all tel eological significance and becomes an irrational and endless progression.
Ethics, therefore, as the philosophy of the ultimate purpose of the world, can only proclaim the aimlessness of the cosmical process and seek to put an end to it by stilling the will. This quietizing of the will is effected by r6cog nizing the aimlessness of the process and resign ing oneself to incompletely. For these teachings Schopenhauer found a support in Buddhism, which was then just becoming known in the Occident. He was bitter in his hatred of what he thought the selfishness and sensuality of Judaism, in which he found the roots of deceptive theism. The pure Christianity of Christ he regarded as a sort of mystical quietism.