Abd el-Kader is driven into Morocco. The French, under the Duke of Joinville, attack Morocco. Budgeaud defeat Abd el-Kader and the Moroccans. The treaty of tangier conclude the war and the French withdraw. The borders between Algeria and Morocco are set at the Convention of Lalla Maghnia.
French schools open up in Algeria.
Abd el-Kader surrenders to General Lamorici re, is imprisoned and sent to France. In France, the fall of Louis-Philippe. The Second Republic is proclaimed. Algeria is recognized as three departments represented in the French parliament. Napoleon III revokes this system and restores military rule.