Archaeologists dig carefully. They first establish a reference point, called a datum, from which the locations of all artifacts and features are ultimately measured. Archaeologists lay a numbered grid over the site based on the datum. This system makes it easier to record the location of each recovered artifact and feature. Artifacts are objects that are made or used by man.
Features are signs of human activity, such as post molds, building foundations and fireplaces.
All evidence is numbered to show the square and level where it was found so it can later by analyzed. Changes in soil color can sometimes tell us more about a site than artifacts. Charred remains of hearths and small circular stains left by decaying posts are often all that remain of buildings. With brown skin, black hair and high cheek bones, South Carolina Indians looked like Cherokees of western North Carolina today. Human bones found in excavations can tell us much about ancient people.