Extensive root systems, ranging from 10-15 feet underground, enable prairie plants to reach deep, moist layers of soil, and provide a defense against grazing and fire. When the aboveground portion of the plant is removed or destroyed, energy that is reserved in the roots makes new growth possible. Autumn brings fall colors to the prairie with native grasses in shades of tan, copper and gold. By late fall, native grasses have reached their maximum height, some nearly nine feet tall. Standing above them all is big bluestem with its three-part seed head, resembling a turkey's foot.
Flowers also are taller now to compete with the native grasses.
When the fall colors have passed and skies turn gray, winter wildlife comes into focus. The bison, elk and deer are easier to locate in the snow-covered landscape. Animal tracks are revealed in new fallen snow. Northern harriers, prairie falcons and other raptors are spotted cruising over the land searching for food. Smaller, winter residents such as the Harris' sparrow and juncos are observed hopping on the ground looking for fallen seeds.