Thus, the process is a dynamic one that actively involves the learner in determining personal needs, potential, and capabilities. At the same time, it is understood that learners develop this independence at differing rates. Some people will be ready for considerably independent learning and will use the course requirements and the corresponding learning activities as vehicles for enhancing or supplementing personal learning. Other learners will require guidance, at least initially, in setting goals, establishing learning activities, and evaluating individual progress. The learning contract technique is used and either allows considerable freedom or may provide a fairly prescriptive path throughout the course depending on the learner.
Evaluation is a tool for measuring personal progress toward individual or course goals.
In addition, a formal institution like Elmira College requires that grades be established as marks for transcripts and degree completion. Thus, in terms of feedback it is expected that the communication process will indeed be a two-way street. Feedback should reflect not only how well class objectives are being met, the effectiveness of any instructional facilitation, and the extent to which individual needs are being fulfilled, but also the quality of student contribution and involvement. Consequently, oral and written feedback relative to questions or concerns, additional information that is needed, and any evaluation of the teaching and learning process, the content, or the instructor is welcome at any time. Personal evaluation and validation comes through the learning contract.