During the early Middle Ages, Scandinavians settled in the east and north, and some Irish migrated into the west. A CLAN organization of society lasted in the Highlands until the 18th century, and the clans still have a strong emotional appeal to many Scots. Scotland has abundant coal, but mining is not a major industry. Large, newly discovered reserves of crude petroleum are now being exploited in the North Sea, north and east of Scotland, as well as west of the Shetlands, and this industry is bringing new wealth to Scotland's northern ports. Oats and fodder crops are grown, and sheep raising is important.
Fishing is a major industry, especially off the east coast.
Manufacturing is located mainly in the Central Lowlands and along the east coast. Iron and steel and textiles predominate. The once important shipbuilding industry has declined greatly. New industries, such as plastics, electronics, and consumer goods, have been developed. Whiskey distilling is carried on mainly in the Highlands.