In general, is related to repeated of prolonged contact of the GI tract with carcinogens. Inflammation of the liver caused by infection with discreet virus types with different routes of infection, manifestations and clinical course. Usually spread by parenteral route or oral or sexual contact. Similar acute hepatitis as Hep A but often more severe. Commonly persists and leads to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Heterogeneity contributes to resistance to immune clearance.
Marked by severe fibrosis, areas of hepatocellular necrosis, loss of functional liver mass, severe blood flow disturbances. Cirrhosis is not a primary disease, but rather an end result of various diseases marked by repeated injury or chronic inflammation. Blockage of bile ducts results in backup of bile and peri-biliary fibrosis. Can be reproduced experimentally by bile duct ligation. Strong genetic component.