Lower ranking animal showing intention to insert trunk tip in mouth of approaching adult. Derived from calf's habit of putting trunk in mother's mouth. Trunk twining, touching, embracing, caressing, rubbing. Trumpenng, growling, unnanng, and defecating. Intense greeting between bond groups.
Contact call audible rumbling and growling that grades into inaudible infrasound.
Growling is louder form of rumbling. Flowing temporal glands, staining cheeks. Often seen in most or all herd members. Raising fallen herd member. Observed in males as well as in females.