The soils formed in residuum of weathered red acid shale, siltstone, and fine-grained sandstone. Lehew soils developed in red acid sandstone. Berks and Weikert soils developed in gray acid shale, sandstone, and siltstone. Runoff is medium to very rapid. Permeability is moderate to moderately rapid.
Largest acreage is in hardwood and pine forest.
Small acreage is used for peach and apple orchards, corn, small grain, pasture and hay. Native vegetation consists mostly of oaks and pine. The series is of moderate extent. Frederick County, Virginia, 1983. This soil was previously included in the Calvin and Lehew series.