In the charts section you will find a typical vapor pressure chart for several common liquids. Specific gravity is about the weight of the fluid. If the fluid floats on this fresh water its specific gravity is less than one. If the fluid sinks in this water the specific gravity of the fluid is greater than one. If you cannot do this have someone show you where they are located.
Liquid velocity is another import concept.
If the velocity decreases, the pressure increases. The pump will pump any liquid to a given height or head depending upon the diameter and speed of the impeller. The pump manufacturer does not know what liquid the pump will be pumping so he gives you the head that the pump will generate. You have to figure out the pressure using a formula described later on in this paper. To calculate this loss you will need to be able to read charts like those you will find in the charts section.