Orientation and mobility specialists complete either a university or centered based training program. University programs can be completed on either an undergraduate or graduate level. Center based programs should include a number of hours under the blindfold, practicum and intern-type practice. Course work for either type of program should include physiology of the eye, principles of orientation and mobility, low vision, basic and cane skills, and implications of other handicapping conditions. Other course work may include geriatrics or child development depending on the focus of the instructor.
Braille is also important.
The long cane simply provides protection while the person with low vision or no vision travels to their destinations. Many people with limited vision use a cane to provide protection when their vision is unreliable. Others use a cane for identification purposes so that others will know they have a vision difficulty. For people who are blind the movement of the cane as they walk provides information about the environment in front of them. Children using canes are learning the techniques necessary to be safe independent travelers.