The medial collateral ligament is a tight band of tissue on the inner side of the knee. It helps prevent abnormal bending. When stressed or twisted, the ligament is sprained. A sprain is a tear in the ligament and can be partial or complete. Beginning skiers 'snowplowing' sustain MCL injuries when they fall, usually after their stance suddenly widens or their skis cross.
Experienced skiers tear their MCL by 'catching an edge' causing the knee to suddenly twist.
When examined, the knee is swollen and painful. Swelling inside the joint suggests a more severe, or complete tear, and may also involve an ACL or meniscal tear. Initial treatment of all knee injuries is rest, ice, compression and elevation. Minor sprains do not require any further treatment, but significant sprains should be braced until healed. Severe sprains often require physical therapy to regain strength and full range of motion.