The universities are not in the business to assure proper support of systems for the life-cycle needs of the military and industry, although some of the new AI companies are beginning to support their respective programming environments. Lack of standards . There are no documentation standards or restrictions on useful programming languages or performance indices to assess system performance. Mismatch between needed computer resources and existing machinery . The symbolic languages and the programs written are more demanding on conventional machines than appears on the surface or is being advertised by some promoters.
Knowledge acquisition is an art .
The successful expert systems developed to date are all examples of handcrafted knowledge. As a result, system performance cannot be specified and the concepts of test, integration, reliability, maintainability, testability, and quality assurance in general are very fuzzy notions at this point in the evaluation of the art. A great deal of work is required to quantify or systematically eliminate such notions. Formal programs for education and training do not exist . The academic centers that have developed the richest base of research activities award the computer science degree to encompass all sub-disciplines.