But information experts say this is only the beginning of an era in which more people and institutions will seek access to personal details not available in the past. It has become so cheap and so easy. Growing files of medical information often help doctors and hospitals provide better treatment. Commuter information gleaned from toll booths can help regulate traffic flow and plan highways. Sales data can help stores control their inventory and keep prices down and profits up.
Many companies use their growing stores of personal information to fight fraud.
The data that grocery stores collect about shopping habits allow the stores to offer discounts and special promotions to keep profitable customers coming back. In addition, a growing number of companies, including hotel chains, use data collected about visits to personalize their services. Part of the vibrant economy is that Americans have all the choices. If we restricted that flow of information, it would reduce those choices. At the same time, citizens and policymakers fear the erosion of privacy, surveys show.