Therefore, the mutant repressor will bind to both the plasmid and the E. coli operators and turn those operons off. Since this repressor cannot recognize lactose, it will be bound permanently to the operators and those operons will always be off. The lac operon in the bacterial DNA will always be on since it cannot be recognized by any repressor. The wild type operon on the plasmid will be regulated normally since it has a functional operator region. Explain the process of chromosome walking.
Lambda phage can infect by either of two methods.
The lytic infection resembles that for T4 phage, producing many progeny phage. In the lysogenic infection, the lambda DNA is inserted into the host E. coli genome, where it remains dormant. However, physiological conditions can trigger this prophage to remove itself from the E. coli DNA and then initiate a lytic infection. This extra E. coli DNA will then be packaged into a phage. Any new cell that is infected by this particular phage will therefore have an additional copy of this particular fragment of E. coli DNA from the original infected cell - thus transferring the DNA from one individual to another.