As connection speeds increased, sophisticated graphics became part of the web standard. As graphics became more sophisticated, larger volumes of data needed to be transmitted. Today, it is common to have streaming audio and video on web sites. These have increased the data volumes dramatically. And all of this while the number of web users continues to multiply.
Internet traffic is now larger than voice traffic on the major telecommunications networks.
It is estimated that Internet traffic is doubling every 4 months. The Service Providers are struggling to keep up with the demand. But the challenge is maintaining a very high quality of service as these new capabilities are added. For example, with more channels being deployed within each fiber optic cable, the frequency band for each channel is narrow 1 . Consider the picture of the prism.