Although studies have shown that ribavirin, a drug used to treat several other viral diseases, is effective against LCMV in vitro, there is no established evidence to support its use for treatment of LCM in humans. Individuals of all ages who come into contact with urine, feces, saliva, or blood of the house mouse are potentially at risk for infection. Laboratory workers who themselves handle infected animals are also at risk. However, this risk can be minimized by utilizing animals from sources that regularly test for the virus, wearing proper protective laboratory gear, and following appropriate safety precautions. Owners of pet mice or hamsters may be at risk for infection if these animals originate from colonies with circulating LCMV, or if the animals become infected from other wild mice.
Human fetuses are at risk of acquiring infection vertically from infected maternal blood.
Like many other rodent-borne infectious diseases, LCMV infection can be prevented by avoiding or minimizing direct physical contact with rodents or exposure to their excreta. Adequate ventilation should be provided to any heavily infested, previously unventilated enclosed room or dwelling prior to cleanup. A liquid disinfectant, such as a diluted household bleach solution, should be applied to visible rodent droppings and their immediate surroundings. Gloves should be worn when disinfecting and cleaning up rodent excreta. Rodent spring traps may be set up in households or dwellings where rodent infestations are a concern.