Imperialism now penetrated Africa. With these new ideas to grow cinchona, it was an imperialistic invention. Without colonization would have never happened in Africa, and would have been more expensive in other tropical area. It combined the efforts of Britain, the Dutch, and the land and labor of British colonies in India and Indonesia. These were the efforts of the new imperialism.
Expansion is without warfare.
Invading other territories and land of other indigenous people will cause problems. Technologies on warfare developed with demand. It was a contest to make weapons better, costly, and more efficient. Britain needed to defend against hostile elements to expand and protect their empire. Galbraith did not explain the importance of technology, but the importance protecting the frontier from the inside and the outside forces.