Gauss' law is applied to conductors to learn details of the distribution of free charge within them. Gauss' law is used to compute by integration the electric field around various charge distributions. Techniques of integration under highly symmetric circumstances are introduced. A proof of Gauss' law is considered. The potential energy of charge distributions is considered and the electric potential is defined in integral and differential from.
Capacitance is defined and the electronic properties of capacitors are detailed.
Rules for adding capacitance for capacitors in series and parallel are established and used. Electrostatic energy stored by a capacitor computed. Ohm's law, a relation between current, voltage and resistance is derived empirically and from a microscopic point of view, and applied to very simple circuits. Rules for adding the resistance of resistive elements in series and parallel are established and used. Ohmic and nonohmic conductors are distinguished.