It has numerous glaciers and the originates of many important rivers are here. Its natural ecosystem has been reserved very well. It is the scientific treasure of the whole world. Numerous orogenic belts were developed in the middle and western parts of China, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are the most distinctive, with rich and varied geological phenomena. The northwestern region of this zone is characterized by the thick Crust as well as the thick Mantle, and the southeastern, by the thin Crust as well as the thin Mantle of the Sichuan basin.
Distinguished nonuniformities occur both in the vertical and horizontal lithosphere.
A number of deep faults were developed in the zone, of which the Longmenshan lithospheric fault and the Xianshuihe fault belts are the most important. The Longmenshan thrust belt. The foreland basin. The foreland upwarp. There are gaps between the two regions in economics, natural form, traffic, and human geography.