We protect, expand and tie down things in our field of interest. These behaviours are reflected in mutually supportive, defensive or offensive actions. Mackie in considering the practical drivers of a personal morality noted the importants of selfishness and referential atlruism i.e. things done for others which enhance one's own position. Selfishness or pursuit of one's own interests results in competition between individuals and groups who root for what is important to them. The feelings, preferences and perceptions of others and their situation constrained managerial decision-making and control.
Jobs impose general and specific performance demands on an job holders.
Job actions are constrained by how jobs must be done - the technical methods, sequences and required outputs. All these are seemingly logical - there is one efficient, best way to do the job. This however is deceptive. The triangle of work, family life and leisure involves conflict, compromise and negotiation and matters that are culturally defined. Little work has been done thus far on comparing business practices in affluent Western, post-industrial society with, say, a North African economy.