Environmental preferences are those environmental conditions that are necessary for the healthy growth and productivity of the plant.
Environmental tolerances are the environmental limits that can be tolerated by the plant.
Most plants need sufficient light for vegetative growth, flower initiation, and the induction of dormancy. Some plants have specific day-length requirements. Some are susceptible to frost or cold damage while some require periodic extreme cold conditions. Every species has their own water preferences and tolerances. Though not strictly an environmental condition, all plants require a range of essential nutrients in appropriate balance and in sufficient quantities.