The ice vectors so obtained show the daily averaged velocity of the ice motion. In the picture on left, ice vectors are shown in red and wind vectors shown in green. We also use numerical simulation to calculate the ice motion under prescribed wind field obtained from National Weather Service. The picture on right is an example. Ice motion is important for Hydrocarbon explorations in this region.
Ice can be hazardous to offshore structures, under water pipelines.
Ice also acts as an agent to transport nutrients and pollutants. Granular Flows Flows of a granular material are very common in both industrial applications and in nature. One can think of many pharmaceutical applications as industrial applications. In nature, landslides, avalanches, sediment transport, and ice movements oceans, lakes, and rivers, are examples. The mechanics of granular flows is complicated because it crosses the boundary between fluids and solids.