You need to study the theology of the time. You need to study Church history, putting an emphasis on the history of the Mass, the Sacraments and Sacramentals. This process and study should gain you a basic understanding in 20 years or so. It does not end there. It is basically a lifelong committment.
Every project becomes a learning experience.
The task is humbling. As far as Rome is concerned, they developed the challenge. The Early Church was socially orientated. Our art and architecture has to reflect this by satisfying these new needs. And oh yes, you need to study Canon Law regarding the legal structure of the Church.