High alcohol intake probably increases breast cancer risk. Evidence that high dietary vitamin C may decrease breast cancer risk is insufficient. High dietary retinol and vitamin E possibly have no relationship with breast cancer risk. Evidence is limited about any role of vitamin D and dietary selenium. Isoflavones and lignans, which occur in soybean and wholegrain products and are of interest because of their action as phytoestrogens, may decrease breast cancer risk, but evidence is limited.
Evidence relating to pulses, nuts and seeds is limited and inconsistent.
No judgement is possible about diets high in milk and dairy products. Evidence that coffee consumption has no relationship with breast cancer risk is convincing, while tea consumption possibly has no relationship to risk of breast cancer. One of the recommendations was to eat plenty of fruit and vegetables. Apparent consumption of foodstuffs and nutrients . The views or opinions stated in external resources which are links on this home page do not necessarily reflect those of the National Breast Cancer Centre.