Cattle uproot grasses while feeding on them, and therefore decrease their density promote unpalatable herbs, at thecost of tall grasses such as at Malwadi. On the other hand, fire-afflicted site of Pachgaon host tall grasses but herbs are rare. Given these difference in larval and adult food resources, the butterfly fauna of Malwadi grasslands differes from the Pachgaon grasslands. For instance, species such as Grass Blues, Grass Jewel, Joker and Blue Pansy are much more common mainly at the fire-free site of Malwadi than Pachgaon, especially seen during winter. Since larval as well as imaginal stages of these butterfly species inhabit extremely disturbed vegetation, it is possible that they have evolved in secondary, naturally or artificially disturbed grasslands.
Fires can occur naturally or be initiated by human beings.
It plays a very important role since it affects the vegetation directly. These species had more intense peaks at fire-afflicted areas with highly seasonal occurrence. On the other hand, in the fire-free areas their occurrence was less seasonal and spread across more seasons. Control of annual fires will be a singular, and perhaps the most important, effort at conserving butterflies in Pune. In the absence of earlier studies, it is impossible to quantify if certain butterflies have increased or decreased over the last decades.