The following however attract concessionary duty. Manufacturing enterprises which add substantial value to local raw materials - first 3 years exemption. Annual allowance is granted on residual balance. Carry forward losses All companies except mining and insurance companies can carry forward losses for five years.
Insurance companies carry forward losses indefinitely.
For mining companies, losses are carried forward indefinitely but restricted to the capital allowance granted for the year. Under S1 both adjusted loss of 2 billion cedis and capital allowance of 2 billion are carried forward. Under S2 adjusted loss will be restricted to the capital allowance figure of 2 billion cedis. Therefore the loss to be carried forward is 2 billion cedis and the capital allowance of 2 billion cedis. Guarantees against expropriation of private investments provided under Act 478 are buttressed by the constitution.