Families and friends enjoyed sumptuous dinners, but saved most of their gift-giving for those who served them and for the poor. But things seems to be changing. Christmas shopping may be in a permanent decline, says Theresa Williams, director of the Center for Education and Research in Retailing at IU's Kelley School of Business. In countries to the east of what was then the kingdom of Judea, observers could have seen the fused planets as a beacon in the direction of Jerusalem. They were discouraged during the Middle Ages but enjoyed a revival in the 18th century, says Paul Hillier, IU professor of music and director of the Pro Arte Singers, a vocal group that studies and performs music from the 11th century to the present.
Many carols have pagan roots, others come from folk music, and some have sacred origins.
Published in 1851 and housed in IU's Lilly Library, the book tells its readers how to prepare such dishes as roast suckling pig, from pen to table, including a spicy pickling sauce. Three selections from literature of the 1800s, written by people connected with IU or contained in books at IU's Lilly Library, provide glimpses into those celebrations of past years. Debra Bunn, director of IU's Hilltop Garden and Nature Center, offers lots of tips on what to watch for in choosing a poinsettia, and then how to keep it looking its best during the holiday season. Unlike snowboarding or skiing, it doesn't require a big investment in equipment or lessons. Tidbits of information about holiday customs in other lands and other times.