Then we need to be building up a knowledge base that will equip us for understanding the particular spiritual and religious needs of our clients. This information will be obtained primarily from our clients, or where that is not possible, from their families. Interacting with colleagues and liaising with hospital chaplains will also be helpful. Attending workshops and courses which deal with this aspect of nursing care will help to increase our knowledge and skills. This is important because in many societies culture and religion are closely woven together.
Eastern religions teach reincarnation.
On the other hand we also need to recognise that some philosophies such as Humanism don't centre around the supernatural at all, and in fact deny influence of any Deity or supernatural power. This doesn't mean that they don't possess a spiritual dimension to their nature or do not have spiritual needs, as the models have demonstrated. People may seek fulfilment of these needs purely on a horizontal level, eg. through human relationships, OR on what has been called a transcendent level, through a relationship with God. Other factors which will affect our confidence and competence in providing spiritual care include an understanding of our own beliefs and values, and the degree to which our own spiritual needs are being met. It's difficult to respond to spiritual needs of others if we ourselves are experiencing unresolved spiritual concerns or distress.