This language was chosen years ago for a couple main reasons. First, it can be used by every country, and while common to many, it is not specific to any. Let's dissect a basic scientific name. The first name is the genus, the second the species. In Achillea millefolium , Achillea is the genus and millefolium the species.
Flowers probably are the plant part most often used for plant names.
By knowing the terms for flower parts, you'll know many plant names. Take color for instance. You will find these used in species of lilies or peonies. The Purple Coneflower is Echinacea purpurea , the species name once again denoting the flower color as seen in the common name. Flower shape also is often seen in plant species.