Inexpensive fishless pools can also be constructed with only a shovel by filling in old drainage ditches to allow water to stand. Pools are easiest to fill and maintain on sites with a high water table and a clay soil-type. In sandy or loamy soils, locate pool sites in close proximity to wetland areas. Always consult with local authorities before disturbing existing or potential wetlands. Choosing a Site Be careful not to choose sites prone to flooding.
Flooding can flush the pool or allow fish invasion.
Pools must be located adjacent to the protective cover that amphibians require after breeding. Establish diverse plant communities in areas surrounding pools. Selective thinning of woodlots promotes the open spaces and edge vegetation preferred by amphibians. After carefully choosing a site, use shovels, bulldozer, tractor or backhoe to excavate a shallow depression not more than 3' feet deep. Surprisingly, smaller pools often can support more breeding species than larger pools.