Then, I ask them to list characteristics of the initiative that contributed to its success. Next, I ask them to think of an initiative that may have been prevalent at one time but no longer exists. Then, I ask them to list characteristics of that initiative that contributed to its demise. Finally, they examine and discuss the differences between the two lists. In most cases, participants realize that the design of the failed initiative ignored a critical phase of the change process.
Initiation refers to building the readiness for change.
During initiation, leaders pay attention to the intellectual and psychological characteristics of the organization. Attention is focused on gaining consensus for the need to change and then creating a vision and a plan for achieving it. Implementation is the period when action plans are put into practice in order to achieve intended results. Support systems are put in place as new practices are tried on the job. Institutionalization occurs when new practices are integrated into school policies, budgets, and ongoing practices.