Oxygen is required for the ETC as the final electron acceptor. Define chemiosmotic phosphorylation. The process of forming ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of the electron transport chain is called oxidative phosphorylation . Fermentation Oxidation of glucose in the absence of oxygen. In order to keep glycotic reactions going in the absence of operating the ETC, cells must carry out fermentation reactions.
Fermentation is the anaerobic conversion of sugar to some waste product.
Yeast and many bacteria carry out alcohol fermentation under anerobic conditions. Alcohol fermentation by yeast is used in baking and brewing. Pyruvic acid is reduced directly by NADH to form lactic acid. Lactic acid fermentation by certain fungi and bacteria is used in the dairy industry to make cheese and yogurt. Human muscle cells behave as facultative anaerobes.