The addition of temporal qualities to relational databases, and thus SQL, will make your databases time-sensitive. Temporal extensions will enable you to query the database not just on its current state, but on its past state as well. And these are just a few of the examples. I'm sure you can think of more using your own systems and needs. There are many possible ways to extend SQL to support temporal databases.
Fuzzy logic is a discipline that relies on Eastern philosophy more than Western.
Its simple theory is that everything is true, just to different degrees. Eastern philosophy is less rigid, teaching that all things are shades of gray, instead of black or white. Fuzzy logic helps to alleviate these problems by imposing degrees of truth on everything. A bank might want to identify bank accounts that are a drag on earnings. Someone who makes many transactions but maintains a low balance is probably not earning the bank a lot of revenue, so it might wish to levy fees on these accounts.