Where one in every four adults is HIV positive. 1997 fertility rate 4.3. No free contraceptives as from January next year due to a lack of funding. In many cases, due logging and agricultural clearing, forests dried out to the point where deliberately set fires were able to spread quickly out of control, or the loss of forests and wetlands,which normally intercept rainfall and allow it to be absorbed by the soil, permits water to rush across the land, carrying valuable topsoil with it. As the runoff races across deforested land, it causes floods and landslides with the strength to wipe out roads, farms, and fisheries far downstream.
Heat waves cause thousands of deaths in India and hundreds in central Europe and the United States.
Extreme droughts turn forests into tinderboxes, causing air pollution leading to a dramatic rise in the number of cases of eye irritation, respiratory illness and cardiovascular disease. Floods lead to upsurges of cholera, malaria and Rift Valley fever. Both floods, which encourage the growth of fungi, and droughts, which promote whiteflies, locusts and rodents, have an impact on agricultural production. 1998 U.S. water use declines despite growing population. A 20 percent drop per person in 15 years.