Felt, E.P. 1906. Notes on the cicada-killer. Hastings, J. 1986. Larger females are more successful foragers. Hastings, J. 1989.
Larger males have greater ability to hold territories and presumably greater mating success.
Hastings, J. 1989. Males emerge before females, but both have remarkably short lifespans. Howes, P.G. 1919. Gorham Press, Boston. Contains a brief discussion of the function of hind tibial spurs for prey carriage in females.