The examples of the 'misbehavior' of organisms are elegant examples of the problems that can occur in studying different animals without knowing much about their normal behavior. These behaviors are species specific and associated with obtaining the food reinforcer in natural environments. In some species we may train a behavior and later we may see that not only is that behavior emitted but many other patterns of behavior that were not trained were also altered in rate of occurrence. Be able to describe the process of autoshaping . Also know how Skinner came up with a demonstration of how superstitions were formed, even in pigeons.
Eye color is an example.
Many traits are influenced by many genes, such as height. Heritability is the ratio of genetic variation to phenotypic variation. It depends on variation in the trait. Genetic effects can also be found when entire chromosomes or parts thereof are deleted from an individual. Angelman s disease, studied by Dr. Karen Goss, is a case in point.