Kepler and retinal image formation. Basis of the Constructivist approach - the poverty of the retinal image. Helmholtz - unconscious inference. Gregory - perceptual hypotheses. The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception.
Emphasis is placed on the nature of the environment.
The ambient optic array. Gibson's ground theory of distance and size perception. Direct perception and information pick up. Persistence and change and the theory of perceptual invariants. Theory of affordances.