Here we have a lot of words that have probably been borrowed into both English and Czech from Latin, as well as many phrases that have been more recently borrowed into Czech from English. The original cognate family relationships are very difficult to determine, though Czech is in fact a distant Indo-European cousin of English. Here's an example from Finnish . There are no words that I can connect to English words, aside from the international term for the planet Mars. Finnish and English are unrelated.
Languages are inexact and idiomatic media.
There are two principles at work here, and they are sometimes at odds. You might have to borrow some vocabulary and provide some context, but you can say anything in any world language. Another is sometimes called the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, after its joint originators Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf. This hypothesis posits that there are great differences in the way people think, depending on what language they acquire. Severe forms of this hypothesis would actually contradict the principle of effability, because there might be some concepts in some language that you really couldn't get across in another.