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You don't have to wash for a long time - 15 seconds to one minute of brisk rubbing is effective. While soap should be used when it's available, a brisk handwashing with plain water can be effective, as long as you rub your hands together. If soap isn't the key element to an effective handwash-ing, you might wonder whether the new antibacterial soaps have any benefit. Koopman says such soaps can provide added protection. She recommends using them if you are caring for someone with a contagious illness.