Rationalism is the belief that we can have knowledge without experience. Deduction is the process of determining what is true based on what is already known to be true. A premise is an assertion that leads deductively to a conclusion. A syllogism is a logical statement that presents a conclusion deduced from two related premises. A hypothesis is a theoretical statement that explains things but that may be disproved or confirmed by new evidence.
Idealism is the belief that reality is largely dependent on the mind.
Ideology is a system of beliefs or ideas that reinforce the values of a particular class or group of people. Individualism is the view that individual rights and freedoms should form the basis of society. Collectivism is the view that the stability of society is more important than individual rights and freedoms. Confucius based his ethical philosophy on the idea of harmony. In the West, religion, philosophy, science, capitalism, and democracy all promote individualism.