The cost factor was an important part of our approach to assessing how we interpreted the models we wanted to discuss. Basically, they deal with different levels of electronic distribution or the amount of electronic application for each model. The first thing you tend to do is to automate the old processes. We started to automate a card catalog, and we transformed a print-based journal into an electronic format. We view this as a modernization process.
Document delivery is an example of the modernized model.
The emergent model is a collaboratory approach among scholars incorporating different approaches to the organization of information and the scholarship process. Already there are examples of the emergent model beginning to appear. For example, within the global change environment, there is a lot of collaboratory activity among institutions and scholars and across a number of disciplines using very large databases as their scientific test bed for information exchange. Roles are changing, and it is less clear when something is published, or disseminated, or whether it is just an exchange among scholars with respect to some piece of information on the network. In particular it is unclear when we organize or design the information databases.