The groups are lead by the oldest female, the matriarch. Social bonds between the members are very strong. Cooperative behavior in protection and guidance of the young is shown. When the young males reach maturity, they leave the heard. Sexual maturity occurs at ten years of age.
Males become aggressive toward each other during rut.
The mating behavior usually coincides with wet weather periods. Males compete for receptive cows. Gestation takes 22-24 months. Young suckle for 3-5 years. Although a individual may live to the age of 60, only one-fifth survive to the age of 30.