It is fully implemented in the EPC 9 together with two further variants of capacitance measurement. It provides 'internal calibration' which automatically corrects for phase-shifts and frequency dependent attenuation, such that the admittance of the external circuit is obtained in calibrated SI units. In addition, the EPC-9 offers automatic capacitance compensation. The experimentor can observe the residual capacitive current for a validation of correct compensation. Consequently the amplifier can be operated at high gain without saturating.
High gain implies low noise.
The high resolution admittance measurement of the residual capacitance together with the compensation circuit provides an effective dynamic range which is not achievable with any other instrument. Amplifier All 'clamp' amplifiers are supported. Several amplifier windows e.g. EPC 9, EPC 7, Telegraphing Amplifiers are already available. Other amplifier windows can be generated. FURA performs ratiometric fluorescence- and electrophysiological measurements synchronized.