The last part will consist of a short essay. The following is a list of terms and concepts with which you should be familiar for the exam. Nothing is objectively right or wrong. Right and wrong can only be defined relative to the values of different cultures. This means trying to do whatever will produce the greatest overall happiness for everyone who will be affected.
Ethics is a matter of doing one s duty, which derives from rules of reason.
As rational creatures, our own reason tells us that we ought to behave only in ways that we could want others to behave. Reason also tells us that all rational creatures deserve to be treated with respect as individuals with a unique value and never treated as a mere means. Kantian theories focus not on the consequences of our actions, but rather on the types of actions we perform. The religious foundation for this was the belief that the soul animates the body, and that quickening was the moment when the fetus receives a soul. Abortion was decriminalized on the grounds that a woman's right to privacy included her decision to terminate a pregnancy.