This disorder is characterized by seizures that can take many forms, ranging from the briefest lapse of attention to severe and frequent convulsions. Epileptic seizures are caused by sudden and excessive electrical discharges in the brain. Their form depends on the site and function of that part of the brain in which the activity arises. There are still many people for whom the cause of their epilepsy cannot yet be identified. In such cases, the theory most commonly accepted at present is that it is the result of an imbalance of the chemical neurotransmitters in the brain.
Epilepsy has a significant rate of mortality and often profound social consequences.
Because of longstanding ignorance, misunderstanding and stigma associated with epilepsy, many patients suffer more from negative social attitudes than from seizures themselves. This can affect family and social relationships, marriages, schooling and employment. Prevention of epilepsy is possible through improved prenatal care, safe delivery, control of fever in children, reduction of brain injury, control of infectious and parasitic diseases.