In most urban and suburban settings, the appropriate pedestrian facilities are sidewalks and the appropriate bicycle facilities are bike lanes. Standards Refer to chapters II and III for bikeway and walkway standards. Where large truck turning movements must be accommodated, compound curves reduce the distance for pedestrians at crosswalks. The use of traffic islands can help create pedestrian refuges. Pedestrians won't have to cross too many lanes of traffic at once, which helps improve signal timing.
Illumination ensures good nighttime visibility.
Interchanges that use a rural design create more difficult crossing movements for pedestrians and bicyclists, as motor vehicle speeds are higher and movements are less restricted. They are particularly vulnerable where a high-speed ramp merges with a roadway. If these configurations are unavoidable, mitigation measures should be sought. Special designs should be considered that allow pedestrians and bicyclists to cross ramps in locations with good visibility and where speeds are low. Where it is not possible to accommodate pedestrians and bicyclists with at-grade crossings, grade separation should be considered.