Emotional or psychological traits associated with leaders. There are traits that are associated with managerial effectiveness Self confidence. Strong socialized power. Self efficacy, internal locus of control. Despite a great deal of discussion of leadership traits , there is no single or group of traits that predicts to leadership.
Formal leaders seem to come in all shapes and sizes.
Yet there is the persistent belief that leaders have or need to have these traits. Watch President Clinton and think about what it is that enables him to influence others and what about him that engenders the responses that he provokes in his supporters, defenders, and adversaries. However, study was not longitudinal. Managerial Grid says you can be a 9.9. Both production and people.