But in any reasonably powerful language, checking initialization before use is an uncomputable problem. So the Java language reference manual carefully details a conservative , computable, set of conditions, which every program must meet, that guarantee there will be no uses before definition. Some programs that do in fact initialize before use will be rejected because they violate the conditions. Loosely, a structured program is one in which the syntactic structure of the program text corresponds to the flow of control through the dynamically executing program. The best approach for a given case may involve a combination of these two techniques.
Compilers differ widely in the quality of the code generated for case .
They also have a continue statement that jumps back to the top of the loop. Even with a GO TO , we must examine both the branch and the target label to understand the programmer's intent. The detailed semantics of this statement vary, and can be tricky. The state changes made by expression evaluation are called side-effects . E.g., sets a successively to 10,8,4, and 14.