It is considered a chronic condition when its duration is in excess of six months, sub acute when its duration is more than four weeks and less than six months, and acute when its duration is less than four weeks. The disorder usually begins during a period of acute stress in young adulthood and gradually worsens until the insomniac seeks treatment during middle adulthood. People suffering from insomnia usually describe themselves as light sleepers. Although a predisposition toward light sleep may have a genetic component it appears that the over concern with sleep and health behaviours is more strongly influenced by learned behaviours emphasized in some families. Females report more insomnia than males.
Insomnia leads to decreased feelings of well being during the day.
Although there is generally no increase in objective sleepiness, insomnia leads to a deterioration of mood and motivation, decreased cognitive abilities of attention, vigilance and concentration. Energy is decreased and fatigue and malaise are increased. Insomnia usually occurs in people who are guarded and sensation avoiders. The use of denial and repression are often the main defences. Stress related psychophysiological problems are common such as gastric-intestinal problems, tension headaches, and cold hands and feet.