Severe side effects are rare. Systemic side effects tend to increase in frequency after more than 5 doses of the vaccine have been given to an individual. Available Countermeasures Post-exposure prophylaxis with either doxycycline or tetracycline has been recommended in known exposures. Based upon animal experiments, ciprofloxacin may also provide protection. The addition of chloramphenicol or ceftriaxone is recommended for plague meningitis.
Indirect evidence indicates a highly effective vaccine.
May be used for three months after reconstitution if stored below 0 degrees C. Sterilize vials and syringes prior to disposal. Vaccinia immune globulin should be kept available for potential complications. Human studies of efficacy cannot be done. The vaccine probably protects against exposure by inhalation and ingestion, although studies are lacking. Limited primate studies indicate that protection against inhalant exposure may be afforded after a minimum of two doses.