Analyze the impact of human and other activities on the type and pace of change in ecosystems. This standard requires that students be conversant with magnifying devices, cell structure and function, body systems, and disease causes and the body's defense against them. Relate the parts of a cell to its function. Explain how the human body protects itself against disease and how the body might lose that ability. Create a model contrasting the processes of meiosis and mitosis.
Fossils show past life, extinct species,and environmental changes over time.
Organisms change and new species may arise due to genetically coded adaptations. Explain how mutations can be caused by gene mutation or chromosomal alteration and describe the possible results of such mutations on individuals or populations. Describe why the offspring of sexually reproducing species have different survival rates than those of asexually reproducing species under a variety of conditions. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of each. Describe how genetic manipulation can cause unusually rapid changes in species.