North Vietnamese forces take over Saigon. Manhattan Project begins secret work on atomic bomb. Alan Shepard becomes first American in space. Watergate scandal engulfs Nixon administration. United Nations is officially established.
Communists build wall to divide East and West Berlin.
Mohandas Gandhi begins leading non-violent reform movement in India. U.S. withdraws last ground troops from Vietnam. North Atlantic Treaty Organization established. Democrat Franklin Roosevelt beats incumbent President Herbert Hoover. Gorbachev becomes Soviet leader, begins era of glasnost.