Managers prepare a cash flow forecast to anticipate cash balances in the future. Cash Flow Statements are reports of the cash inflows and outflows for a particular period of time. In many instances, these cash flows are grouped into 3 categories, cash from operations, cash from investing activities, and cash from financing activities. Debt is an amount owed as of a certain date. It's defined as total assets minus total liabilities.
Expenses are the costs of doing business.
Expenses are measured over a certain period of time. Expenses show up on the Income Statement and are subtracted from sales to determine profit. Financial Analysis is the act of evaluating a company's financial statements in order to understand the business better. The value is to help managers understand how the business is doing AND how they might improve performance. A Fiscal Year is a twelve-month period during which the company reports income and expenses.