Issue - the legal question. Rule of law - the legal answer. Rationale - support for the rule of law. Holding - procedurally who won. State and local sources of law.
All states have their own constitution.
Cities and counties have charters. Cities and counties have city councils and county commissioners who make ordinances. Treaties - states, cities, and counties are forbidden to enter into treaties with foreign countries. Rules and regulations. All states have rules and regulations, made by state administrative agencies.