Andreas Vesalius publishes De Corporis Humani Fabrica , the first accurate book of human anatomy. Pope Paul III issues the Index of forbidden books. 1543 Spanish Catholics begin burning Protestants at the stake. Nikolaus Copernicus refuses to publish De Revolutionibus Orbitum Coelestium . Pope Paul II establishes the Universal Inquisition in Rome.
Dominican cardinals try alleged heretics with no legal counsel.
Henry VIII of England becomes king of Ireland. English begin keeping records of births, deaths, and marriages. Niccolo Tartaglia completes Nova Scientia describing trajectories of projectiles and heavenly bodies. Pope Paul III prohibits enslavement of Indians and excommunicates slave traders. Parliament declares papal authority void in England.