Acne also is linked to the ingestion of oral contraceptives high in progesterone content. Glands located in each hair follicle produce oil that lubricates the skin. Sebaceous glands are concentrated on the face, back, chest and shoulders. Bacterial entrapment in clogged glands leads to an inflammatory response resulting in an acne outbreak. This is more prevalent in overactive oil glands and does not correlate with cleanliness.
Blackheads form when sebum combines with skin pigments to clog pores.
Whiteheads form when the surface of the skin becomes filled with sebum. Acne may be treated with multiple agents. Systemic antibiotics have been used to eliminate bacterial sources of inflammation, while recent studies have indicated a potential for topical uses of these drugs. Depending on the classification and severity of acne that is present, dermatologists may recommend a topical, systemic, diet modification or non-treatment program. A dermatologist should be consulted for an accurate diagnosis and treatment of the condition.