For long rotation or permanent pastures, best to use long-lived pasture strains. Seed from old permanent grassland consists mostly of long-lived leafy types, and can be used in place of the bred pasture strains. Seeding rate varies with the area, climate and purpose for which used. Apt to crowd out other more slowly developing grasses, such as meadow fescue, before they become established. Harvesting Tolerates heavy grazing, but does not persist in meadows cut regularly for hay.
Growth starts early in spring and remains green through summer if moisture is favorable.
Pasture-hay strains start later and are heavier in tillering, more persistent and much more leafy than commercial, producing good aftermath after hay cut. An important pasture, hay and turfgrass, widely used in many parts of the temperate regions of the United States, New Zealand, and Australia. In United Kingdom, apart from timber, whose productivity is quite well known, perennial rye grasses, lucerne and clover may be considered as herbaceous perennial energy crops. It is also attacked by the bacterium Pseudomonas coronafaciens var. The wealth of India.