There are really two directions one can go with this. For the purposes of simplicity these angles will be referred to as modern and antique, although both have aspects that could be described as modern and antique. The modern laboratory tends to focus heavily on refined materials. Steel and various metallic alloys are big favorites and windows tend to involve lots of photosensitive plastics and the like. Doorways will usually be mechanical in nature and are often equipped with advanced locking mechanisms that may be entirely aesthetic.
Lighting can either be oppressively bright and synthetic or exceedingly dim.
Both can be effective in disconcerting visitors. Antique labs usually rely more heavily on traditional construction materials, stone and wood primarily. Iron is often used for detailing. Weak lighting here is really critical for mood - candles and fireplaces are de rigueur . Organization Secrecy is what one is aiming for here.