These days, most of these text are online in places like access foundation great books and the great books index . I would suggest taking a look at this great series. Try applying 7 Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen Covey. Organizing from the Inside Out by Julie Morgenstern helped me tame piles of paperwork. How to Solve It by George Polya is one of the classic books about heuristic.
Examples come mostly from geometry, but applicable to almost everything.
The Zone by Barry Sears is the first book about diet which made sense to me. I know numerous people who have found this diet extremely helpful. Fibromyalgia is increasingly common. A Survival Manual an invaluable reference. Making Marriage Last a Lifetime by the Hybels is filled with good advise and stories.