Potential bleeding problems include nuisance bleeding, as from the gums during brushing of the teeth, and life-threatening bleeding, as from a stroke. Minor trauma from a fall can turn into a disaster because of bleeding problems. As you may surmise, coumadin has its risks and inconveniences. After 10 years, many biological valves need to be replaced, though some newer techniques are extending the life of biological valves. The decision your father faces is complex, and there are many risks and benefits that need to be weighed.
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