Incubation by female only. Incubation period of 18-19 days. Eggs laid in late February or early March. Both sexes care for young. Courtship consists of system of elaborate displays.
Immature birds form roaming flocks.
Walks or hops on the ground. Frequent calling, begging. Threatens with open bill. Resourceful, quick to learn. Habitat Treeless tundra, seacoast, banks of rivers, rocky cliffs, mountain forests, plains, deserts, open mountainous or coastal regions, sometimes woodlands or desert.