Once light passes through a polarizer, the direction light's polarization is known. If the incident wave had a polarization angle f inc relative to a fixed axis and the polarizer is set at an angle f pol , the resultant electric field is reduced in magnitude by a factor of the cosine of the relative angle. The intensity is therefore reduced by the square of the relative angle's cosine. For unpolarized light, the final intensity will be half the original. Materials whose molecules are helical, can produce circularly polarized light.
Examples are sugar syrups.