High concentrations of ethanol vapor are irritating to the eyes and upper respiratory tract. Liquid ethanol does not significantly irritate the skin but is a moderate eye irritant. Ethanol is regarded as a substance with good warning properties. Tests in some animals indicate that ethanol may have developmental and reproductive toxicity if ingested. There is no evidence that laboratory exposure to ethanol has carcinogenic effects.
Hazardous gases produced in ethanol fires include carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used for ethanol fires. Reactivity and Incompatibility Contact of ethanol with strong oxidizers, peroxides, strong alkalis, and strong acids may cause fires and explosions. In particular, ethanol should be used only in areas free of ignition sources, and quantities greater than 1 liter should be stored in tightly sealed metal containers in areas separate from oxidizers. In the event of skin contact, immediately wash with soap and water and remove contaminated clothing. If ethanol is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately.