Now think about Peru's capital, Lima, where I have seen small mountains speckled with hand made houses. There were no toilets. If a traveler goes to the nearest restaurant in Madras, India one risks developing, to put it mildly, intestinal uneasiness for a couple of days. Most of these public health problems stem from the struggling economy of many developing nations. On the other hand, like in South Africa, the failure of the healthcare system is do to beliefs and practices over years of those who run the country.
Culture also plays a huge role.
For example, toilet paper is not used in many parts of India. The bare left hand is preferred. This is why it is rude to offer the left hand for a handshake. Although physicians can not solve all of these problems alone, we can definitely get the ball rolling. I have given these examples to try to portray the harsh reality in which many people live.