Example- an aquarium considering all the biotic and abiotic factors. They can do this by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Tube worms rely upon the bacteria that make food at the bottom of the ocean. The bacteria get energy and raw materials from vents on the ocean floor. Heterotrophs are consumers, they must consume preformed organic nutrients that were synthesized by others.
Examples are mushrooms and bacteria of decay.
This means that the best adapted plants for a particular environment will be relatively stable and be successful for a long period of time. They first must be invaded by pioneers such as mosses and lichens. They are successfully replaced by grasses. The grasses are replaced by bushes and the bushes by trees. The latitude and altitude will determine which climax flora will result in the climax community.