While Waddell may be correct about the holding of Friday , his reliance on Friday is misplaced. We are not convinced that Hammel needed to know Parmer was a citizen informant in order to form a reasonable suspicion relying on her tip. Friday was a probable cause case. As with any seizure, the ultimate test of whether a stop is permissible under the Fourth Amendment is one of reasonableness given the facts and circumstances. Reasonableness of the police intrusion initially depends on whether a person had a reasonable expectation of privacy that was invaded by the intrusion.
Individuals frequently have a reduced expectation of privacy while in an automobile.
Hammel was able to test the basis for Parmer's information through verifying the make and model of the vehicle, as well as its license plate number. A tip corroborated by evidence is considerably more reliable than an uncorroborated tip. The information Parmer provided about the car was specific, and none of it had proved incorrect at the time Hammel made the stop. Hammel also located the car as it turned off of 20th Avenue, just where dispatch had informed him it would be. Considering these facts and circumstances, Hammel's stop of the car was a reasonable level of interference with Waddell's liberty.