When the gene transfer works, the target animal produces the desired protein, typically in her milk. Scientists manufacture pharmaceutical products through chemical synthesis. Penicillin, insulin and interferon are drugs commonly manufactured in the lab. But the methods are time-consuming, expensive and marginally efficient. Some also pose health risks.
Cows can manufacture proteins five times more efficiently than laboratory cell cultures.
Scientists have created transgenic animals capable of producing 16 pounds of pharmaceutical protein in a year. Transgenics researchers must overcome substantial hurdles. Just because we put the gene in there doesn't mean the organism is going to express the protein at a useful level. In five years, we'll have a much better picture of what we can do. First said the biotech future holds much promise.