Gas gangrene is an infectious disease emergency. Rapid onset of myonecrosis, gas production, and sepsis are the hallmarks of this disease. These anaerobic organisms normally are found in soil and the gastrointestinal tract. Exotoxin, not bacterial proliferation, is responsible for rapid spread of infection. Exotoxin causes muscle destruction and creates an anaerobic environment conducive to further bacilli growth.
Cases are relatively rare.
Incidence is highest in areas with poor access to proper wound care. Occurrence is not age specific. Diabetic peripheral vascular disease and other chronic immunocompromised states that can predispose to gas gangrene are more prevalent in older populations. Incubation period usually is fewer than 3 days with rapid onset of symptoms. Infection can advance as much as 1 inch per hour.