The Massachusetts Occupational Hygiene Program provides the following information and recommendations. Water damage to carpeting, ceiling tiles, insulation, and other materials can present problems due to microbial contamination and odor. The source of water causing the damage is a significant factor. Sanitary plumbing leaks are a clear health hazard. Water contaminated by passage through chemically treated materials or from outside puddling areas can have additional impact.
Any water damage can result in microbial growth.
All that is needed for microbial growth to occur is a substrate, nutrients, warmth, and moisture. Wood, paper, some carpets and carpet backings, and other building materials and furnishings act as both substrate and nutrient. Substrates are surfaces that will trap nutrients such as dead skin cells, food crumbs, dust, dust mites, animal dander, dead insect parts and soil. Sufficient moisture and adequate time for growth are often the final ingredients. Although odors are often characteristic, they need not be present for problems to occur.