It surrounds the brain and spinal cord and acts as a protective cushion against injury. CSF contains nutrients and proteins necessary for the nourishment and normal function of the brain. It caries waste products away from surrounding tissues. Hydrocephalus occurs then there is an imbalance between the amount of CSF that is produced and the rate at which it is absorbed. As CSF builds up, it causes the ventricles to enlarge, and the pressure inside the head to increase.
Aqueductal stenosis is the most frequent cause.
Acquired hydrocephalus may result from intraventricular hemorrhage, meningitis, head trauma, tumors and cysts. Hydrocephalus is believed to occur in about 1-2 per 1000 births. The incidence of adult onset hydrocephalus is not known. There is no known way to prevent or cure hydrocephalus. The most effective treatment option for most people is surgical insertion of a shunt.