Social networks are critical to treatment success. Alternative Approaches to Drug Abuse Treatment Case management is a promising intervention for following homeless HIV-positive drug abusers. Day treatment that includes transportation and meals helps retain clients. Comprehensive services such as abstinence-contingent work therapy and housing enhance treatment. Active outreach, reduced waiting time, ancillary services, case management, and motivational interventions increase treatment entry.
Coercion takes forms ranging from criminal justice sanctions to family interventions.
Comprehensive, flexible, multicomponent programs and interdisciplinary research are needed.