Extremophiles are organisms that have developed processes that allow them to survive in their environment, just as humans have developed to best fit the environment they live in. It is helpful to get an understanding of main biological principles or processes that are necessary to fully understand cloning. The processes of mitosis and meioses are somewhat being controlled during cloning. Mitosis is a process of cell division in which a cell goes through different phases to produce two new identical daughter cells. Cloning allows scientists to use the chromosomes they what for cell production.
Cloning is based on nuclear transfer, which involves the use of two cells.
The recipient cill is an unfertilized egg taken from an animal soon after it is produced. The donor cell is the one to be copied. Under a high-power microscope, a researcher holds the recipient egg and uses a fine micropipette to suck out the chromosomes. In 1995 two lambs, named Megan and Morag, were carried to term by a surrogate mother and their genetic material came from cultured cells originally derived from a nine-day old embryo. In 1997 a ewe s cells gave rise to Dolly, the first mammal cloned from an adult was born.