Additionally, concurrent renal impairment can lead to hypercalcemia. Once activity resumes, so does bone formation. In low gravity settings, bone formation is slowed. Exercise must be maintained in order to sustain the effects. Diet plays a critical role in calcium balance.
Additional factors are excessive salt and caffeine.
These agents may increase urinary calcium loss. Various drugs may effect the bone density. Heparin, glucocorticoids, phenytoin and barbiturates affect calcium homeostasis leading to osteoporosis. Evaluation Patients need to be evaluated for the cause of their osteoporosis. Secondary causes will be missed unless they are sought out.