See figure 1. Yarn or string can be strung strategically to make a simple grid. You can use floor tiles for length then use a ring stand or a plumb line for the height d. The previous method was more expensive, used large amounts of chemicals and produced much chemical waste. The new robot is housed in a special room and has its own water treatment facility in the next room.
All water used in the process is reclaimed and used again.
The operators must thoroughly understand the x,y,z coordinate system to program the robot correctly. The robot arm simulates the way a human arm would move, and each joint must be understood in terms of its own x,y,z coordinate system. Programming is critical and a programming error can result in a part damaged beyond repair. A ringstand with dowels clamped to represent x,y,z is a simple method of doing this. Students can position the robot arm, then directly measure off the distances using the ringstand guide.