Slow starting fermentation. Hops and bitterness.
Beer is made from malt, water, hops, and yeast.
I'm interested in brewing my own beer. In brewing, much of this excess weight is expected to be from fermentable and unfermentable malt sugars. SG 1.0 at 60 F. Hydrometers often come with a temperature conversion chart, but hydrometers often are not accurately calibrated, so that water at 60F will not read 1.0. An easy way to take SG readings with a hydrometer is to measure at room temperature, and then measure water at room temperature and take the difference. A wort chiller is a device used to quickly cool boiling wort to yeast pitching temperatures.