Autopsies in such situations have revealed widespread bleeding and damage in most internal organs. Repeated long-term exposures to ethylene dichloride have resulted in neurologic changes, loss of appetite and other gastrointestinal problems, irritation of the mucous membranes, liver and kidney impairment, and death. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health is currently preparing an update to the March 1976 recommendations regarding exposure to ethylene dichloride, which will address the carcinogenic potential of this substance in the workplace. However, it is important to keep in mind that ethylene dichloride can and does enter the body via inhalation and through the skin, as well as orally. When evaluating the test results or potential exposure to the substance in the workplace, in addition to the route of entry into the body, the amount of ethylene dichloride which is absorbed and actually reaches the target tissue or organ is a significant issue in determining the extent or possibility of the health hazard.
Animal studies are valuable in helping identify human carcinogens.
Although humans may be more sensitive or less sensitive than experimental animals to specific chemical compounds, substances that cause cancer in experimental animals must be considered to pose a potential cancer risk in man. Safe levels of exposure to carcinogens have not been demonstrated, but the probability of cancer development is lowered with decreasing exposure to carcinogens. Exposures should be limited to as few employees as possible, while minimizing workplace exposure levels with engineering and work practice controls. Exposure to ethylene dichloride should be limited to as few employees as possible, while minimizing workplace exposure levels. The area in which it is used should be restricted to only those employees essential to the process or operation.