Acid deposition affects trees, human-made structures, and surface water.
Acid damages tree leaves, impairing a tree's ability to photosynthesize, and damages bark, leaving the tree vulnerable to insects and disease. Acid leaches nutrients, such as calcium and magnesium, from the soil, depriving already weakened trees of essential minerals. Acid also releases toxic aluminum ions from the soil, which can damage plant roots. Marble and limestone react with acid deposition to form calcium sulfate, carbon dioxide, and water. In addition, calcium sulfate dissolves readily in water.