Although cloning with two cells is repeatable it is not necessarily efficient. Cloning is not only inefficient, but also sadly, only 1 to 2 percent of the embryos involved in the research survived to become live offspring. Even then, some died shortly after birth. Once techniques for retrieval of egg cells in different species has been perfected, cloning will be able to introduce specific genetic changes into any mammal and create several offspring bearing the altered trait. After a period of growth on the agar, the cells are moved to a nutrient solution where we can assume they absorb nutrients.
Chromosomes are where the genetic information is stored.
Then, the researchers electrically shock the embryo. The electric shock stimulates what is normally provided by the sperm.