Anthers typically 1-chambered . Female perianth parts 3-4, persistent, slightly enlarged in fruit . Anthers 2-chambered . Male and female perianth parts 4, deciduous in fruit . At maturity, stalks curve downwards and direct bases of berries upwards.
Berries mature mid-summer to late fall, depending on species.
Berries of most species mature winter through spring. Perianth parts deciduous. Berries mature January-March. Variable, depends on host species. Reproduce by seed .