Diagnosis of the disease is important in order to initiate treatment. However, the disease does not require acute intervention. Nonspecific measures, such as local heat and cleanliness, contribute to the spontaneous healing of the ulcers. Secondary infection of ulcers with skin flora can occur and must be treated. Transfusions are needed for patients with severe anemia.
Antibacterial chemotherapy is needed for patients with bacterial superinfection.
Infectious disease consultation can offer the most effective antiprotozoal regime. Cryotherapy may be effective with early lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Surgical excision and grafting have been recommended for early cutaneous lesions. Also, surgical consultation may be necessary for adjunctive splenectomy. The mainstays of therapy are the antiparasitic pentavalent antimonials.