And developmental changes comprise one more strand of the motivational web. For example, although young children tend to maintain high expectations for success even in the face of repeated failure, older students do not. A growing body of evidence suggests that it does. Students with an intrinsic orientation also tend to prefer tasks that are moderately challenging, whereas extrinsically oriented students gravitate toward tasks that are low in degree of difficulty. Although every educational activity cannot, and perhaps should not, be intrinsically motivating, thesefindings suggest that when teachers can capitalize on existing intrinsic motivation, there are several potential benefits.
Classroom climate is important.
If students experience the classroom as a caring, supportive place where there is a sense of belonging and everyone is valued and respected, they will tend to participate more fully in the process of learning. Various task dimensions can also foster motivation to learn. Ideally, tasks should be challenging but achievable. Extrinsic rewards, on the other hand, should be used with caution, for they have the potential for decreasing existing intrinsic motivation. Depending on their degree of congruence with classroom goals and practices, schoolwide goals either dilute or enhance classroom efforts.