The close proximity of many people living in cramped, insanitary conditions is an ideal breeding ground for disease. The presence of unburied dead bodies can also spread disease, although this is likely to be a less important factor. The spread of cholera is one of the main dangers following any natural disaster. Cholera is an acute infection of the gut which causes chronic diarrhoea and vomiting. This can lead to severe dehydration and, in some extreme cases, death.
Cholera is spread by contaminated water and food.
Sudden outbreaks, such as those which follow a disaster, are usually caused by a contaminated water supply. Cholera can be effectively treated with oral rehydration salts and antibiotics. Containing a cholera outbreak involves ensuring there are proper sanitation methods for disposing of sewage, an adequate drinking water supply and good food hygiene. Food should be cooked thoroughly and should not be contaminated by contact with raw foods, flies or dirty surfaces. There are two other vaccines that protect against one strain of cholera for a short period.