The generally accepted principles of antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery involve five considerations.
Antimicrobials vary in their distribution pharmacokinetics.
Some antimicrobials must be given prior to the patient going to the operating room. Other antimicrobials can be administered after the intravenous line is placed in the operating room. Limiting the duration of antimicrobial prophylaxis. Studies document that postoperative antimicrobial administration is not necessary for many surgeries. Nasal flora include Staphylococcus , Streptococcus pyogenes , Strep pneumoniae, Moraxella and Haemophilus species Cefazolin 1-2 gm IV 30 min.