Surface turbulence can increase oxygen content and deplete excess CO 2 at night. No surface turbulence during the day can preserve CO 2 levels. When rainwater reaches the ground and flows through the soil, hardness-forming substances mix with the water in varying degrees. General hardness is determined by the quantity of dissolved magnesium and calcium ions. An ideal General Hardness would be 2 to 3 .
Carbonate hardness plays an important role in the buffering capacity of water.
An ideal Carbonate Hardness would be 2 to 3 . There are three primary types. Solid fertilizer will have the most powerful effect on your plants because they are absorbed through the roots. Just be careful to use proper portions. Liquid fertilizers are absorbed through the leaves and will have a less dramatic effect on your plants, but the amounts are easier to administer and an overdose can be corrected through a water change.