A credit line gives the name of the photographer and whether he works for the newspaper, a news service or is a freelancer. A byline tells the reader who wrote the article and whether he is on the newspaper staff, is employed by a news service or is a freelancer. An advertisement is a block of newspaper space that people buy, usually to promote a business, product or service. Because people pay for the space, they can generally say what they want within that space. Letters to the editor are written by individuals who aren't employed by the newspaper and reflect the opinion of the letter writer.
Columns are opinion pieces.
Sometimes they are written by employees of other newspapers and are syndicated, or sold, to newspapers throughout the country. Columns can also be written by newspaper employees and private citizens who are asked to write them. The Charleston Gazette , owned by the Daily Gazette Co., is a morning newspaper. The Daily Mail , owned by Thomson Newspapers Corp., is an afternoon paper. Although the newsrooms operate independently, the two newspapers have a joint agreement to publish the Sunday paper.