Biogeography must draw upon principles formulated by other disciplines, such as ecology, climatology, soil science, botany, physiology, and behavioral sciences, and develop new principles by incorporating techniques and principles used in the Environmental Geography. Populations are large groups of individuals. Communities are assemblages of species of different populations that show a degree of cohesion and interdependence. Ecosystems are the interactions between the biotic and abiotic worlds within and between these communities. These concepts fall within the field known as Ecological Biogeography.
Different observers conduct their analyses across different spatial and temporal scales.
An ecosystem can, in fact, be a rotting log or the entire Earth. To help our investigations, Biogeographers use classification schemes, such as the use of biomes , also known as formations . Biomes include tropical rainforest, savanna grassland, boreal forest, desert, subtropical evergreen forest. Our experience of nature represents just one tiny point in time when compared to the constantly changing mosaic of the landscape as it responds to environmental and climatic change. Biogeography can therefore never be a static discipline .