256,000 in all countries. Eastern Northern Province to Lake Rukwa. Dialects are inherently intelligible. Bible portions 1903-1953. Mankoya area, Western and Southern provinces.
Dialects are all inherently intelligible.
Bible portions 1929-1995. Petauke District, Eastern and Central provinces. Distinct from Senga dialect of Tumbuka of Zambia, Malawi, and Tanzania. Christian, traditional religion. Bible portions 1919-1943.