Spanish attempts to reimpose arbitrary rule during the Reconquista led to a prolonged struggle under Bernardo O'Higgins, Chile's most renowned patriot. Chilean independence was formally proclaimed on February 12, 1818. Chile has a diversified free market economy and one of the better educated work forces in Latin America. Non-copper exports like fresh fruit, salmon, wood chips, and footwear continue to expand. Requirements for entry and exit by car are numerous, and obtaining necessary documents can be time-consuming.
Conditions are generally good in Santiago, except for prevalent smog.
Allergic conditions, especially those respiratory related, will worsen in the city, particularly during the winter season. Tap water is potable, except for occasional winter floods. Do not eat unwashed fruits and vegetables. Although no immunizations are required for travel to Chile, typhoid, gamma globulin, and current tetanus diphtheria toxoid vaccines are recommended. The telephone system in Santiago and elsewhere is excellent.