In the future they could also include the use of ocean thermal, wave, and tidal action technologies. The design and implementation of regulatory practices to be applied to the remaining regulated entities after restructuring of the vertically-integrated electric utility. The remaining regulated entities would be those that continue to exhibit characteristics of a natural monopoly, where imperfections in the market prevent the realization of more competitive results,and where, in light of other policy considerations, competitive results are unsatisfactory in one or more respects. Reregulation could employ the same or different regulatory practices as those used before restructuring. Research is the discovery of fundamental new knowledge.
Development is the application of new knowledge to develop a potential new service or product.
The extra generating capability that an electric utility needs, above and beyond the highest demand level it is required to supply to meet its users needs. The amount of power that can be produced at a given point in time by generating units that are kept available in case of special need. This capacity may be used when unusually high power demand occurs, or when other generating units are off-line for maintenance, repair or refueling. The differences between the dependable capacity of a utility's system and the anticipated peak load for a specified period. The ability of all conductors of electricity to resist the flow of current, turning some of it into heat.