The essay questions on the test will be based upon the comparisons you make as you complete the chart. In this unit, we first study the general characteristics of animals and then survey the invertebrates, the animals without backbones. Unit 8, Vertebrate Evolution and Diversity. In Chapter 34, we see how our own group, the vertebrates, fits into the animal kingdom. We will first study the Phylum Chordata, and then trace the evolution of the vertebrates.
Animals constantly work to repel unwelcome invaders such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, and worms.
The very rapid decomposition that begins immediately after an animal's death gives you a vivid appreciation of the importance of this work. These answers should contain the information that you would want to remember for the next hour exam. An animal's cells exist in an ideal watery environment. Concentrations of nutrients, wastes, and various solutes are all optimal. Ph and temperature are regulated closely.