KS also occurs in immunosuppressed organ-transplant recipients and in AIDS patients, who may develop an aggressive lymphadenopathic form of the disease. Herpesvirus type 8 appears to have an etiologic role, particularly among immunosuppressed patients. Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis KS is characterized by one or more purple or dark blue macules that slowly enlarge to become nodules or ulcers. In classic KS, lesions are usually asymptomatic. However, lesions may be painful.
Diagnosis is made clinically and confirmed by biopsy.
Prognosis and Treatment Classic KS usually runs a relatively benign course, even without treatment. Intralesional bleomycin can be used if lesions are symptomatic. Alternatively, simple excision, radiotherapy, or laser ablation can be performed. Generalized progressive lesions causing functional impairment require systemic chemotherapy, such as vinblastine, interferon- , doxorubicin, daunorubicin, or paclitaxel. Patients with KS are at increased risk of a second primary malignancy and require regular follow-up.