Slower increases in dosing often leads to a need for even higher doses ultimately and slower control of the disease. Glucocorticoids cause numerous side effects. Acute side effects include psychiatric disorders, insomnia, fluid and salt retention, and diabetes. Most side effects increase with higher dose and longer duration of use. A great deal is known about many of the side effects and knowledge about risk factors and pathogenesis can help in prevention and treatment of these problems.
Cataracts are common in patients treated with glucocorticoids.
Glaucoma occurs in a significant number of patients and thus all glucocortcoid-treated patients should have their intraocular pressure monitored. There is some indication that there is an increased incidence of peptic ulcers. Exacerbate hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemias, all of which have been considered risk factors for atherosclerosis. Glucocorticoids have been shown to induce lipid abnormalities, including high total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Patients with overt or subclinical diabetes can have increased serum glucose due to increased gluconeogenesis and decreased uptake of glucose peripherally.