Vertical diversity may be added by enhancing the ecotone, as already described, or by planting species of varying heights and growth habits in arrangements that are appealing to you. Of course, you will use plants appropriate to the scale of your yard. Standing or fallen dead trees provide cavities, food and perches. Brush piles and rock piles or stone walls provide hiding, nesting and feeding sites. Grit and dust baths are used by birds to aid digestion and keep clean.
Buildings provide nest sites and perches, and places for butterflies and moths to hibernate.
Nest and winter roosting boxes can be erected to supplement natural cavities, and feeders add to the food supply. Water, in any form, is essential. Where one habitat type merges into another. The zone of transition form one habitat to another. The wider the ecotone and the greater the diversity of plant species and vertical structure, the more types of wildlife species are attracted.