It frames a society's resilience in the face of environmental and other disturbances. Any area may be termed region for the purpose of the study of human-environment. A region can be recognized at a certain scale because of its distinctiveness from an interrelations with other such units. This pattern simply begins the analysis. Boundaries Boundaries have inherent duality.
Arbitrary boundaries are to be avoided, except in the initial stage of investigation.
Instead a research area defined at a number of different scales, from observation of a multiplicity of not necessarily coincident boundaries, offers a fertile ground fir discovering the contradictions those divisions manifest. Boundaries are interesting both for social and natural scientists to explore relationships with living organisms. Administrative boundaries do not nest with but overlap environmental, social, and economic boundaries. Biodiversity Biodiversity is critical to the maintenance of ecosystems. Hierarchical systems are systems in which some elements on the basis of certain factors, are subordinate to others.