It is possible that ABU may represent a transiently positive culture much like the bacteremia following dental manipulation. It results from the abnormal regurgitation of urine back to the kidneys. Its relationship to UTI remains unclear. One third of this group will have unilateral reflux nephropathy. It is a devastating disease with multiple effects including hypertension, growth failure and bone deformities.
Affected children require complex, time-consuming and costly care.
The incidence of ESRD increases with age. In early childhood the cause is related to a structural abnormality of the renal tract whereas in older children, acquired renal disease predominates. The major challenge therefore is to detect those that progress so that early intervention can preserve renal function and improve outcome. Maneuver Urine culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection. The dipstick test has the advantages of speed, low cost and that limited technical expertise is required.