Uranium, as a heavy metal and as an alpha emitter once it enters the body has a theoretical potential for end organ damage, particularly in the kidney. Estimation of Significant exposure Depleted uranium munitions have been fired by NATO during operations in Bosnia in 1994 and 1995, and in Kosovo in 1999 as well as the Gulf War. Test firing has also been carried out by NATO forces raising the possibility of DU exposure on ranges. Flammable materials and ammunition charges containing DU that ignite produce radioactive and toxic dust. The potential health risk comes from DU that enters the body through inhalation, ingestion or wounds caused by blast or fragmentation.
Airborne particles disperse rapidly.
Particles deposited on the ground could be stirred up or adhere to skin and clothing raising the possibility of ingestion or inhalation at a future date. The time of maximal exposure occurs at the time of detonation and with the subsequent plume. It is thought unlikely any NZDF personnel will fit the direct exposure category. There exists the possibility of exposure to blast and the fine residues in those attending vehicle recovery of burnt out vehicles targeted with DU or the immediate vicinity of the target. Those handling unexploded DU containing ordnance are not considered to be at risk.