The 8-page report summarizes the latest scientific findings about the nature and extent of cocaine abuse and addiction, the consequences of cocaine abuse, and effective treatments for those addicted to cocaine. The report is the latest in a series of NIDA Research Reports on abused drugs. Other Research Reports cover methamphetamine, nicotine, heroin, inhalants, and anabolic steroids.
Cocaine is a powerfully addictive drug that directly affects the brain.
The powdered form can be taken orally or intranasally, rubbed onto mucous tissues, or dissolved in water and injected intravenously. Cocaine blocks reabsorption of a neurotransmitter called dopamine by nerve cells, or neurons, in one of the brain's key pleasure centers. The resulting buildup of dopamine in the space between nerve cells causes continuous stimulation of receiving neurons. Scientists believe this action plays a major role in the euphoria reported by cocaine abusers. Cocaine's effects appear almost immediately and disappear in a few minutes or hours, depending on the route of administration.