It is made of reed, wood, or bone with a narrow, rectangular head. The direction of writing and orientation of signs changes. The Egyptian state has a monopoly over the making of papyrus. A reed 'pen' and ink are used to write on papyrus. Chinese writing system is invented.
Chariots become lighter, stronger and faster.
The first cuneiform alphabet appears in Ugarit, near Byblos in Syria. The Library eventually stored up to 500,000 manuscripts. It is designed by Sostratus of Cnidus. The writing is done with brush and ink. 200 BCE - Aristophanes of Byzantium, and other scholars from the Library of Alexandria , invent punctuation.