Several operations are involved in lithography, which also is called offset printing. Each operation may be performed by a specialized group of workers. In smaller shops, several operations may be combined and performed by one person.
Camera operators photograph and develop negatives of the copy.
Lithographic dot etchers retouch film negatives. They work by hand, using chemicals, dyes, and special tools. Dot etchers use their knowledge of the characteristics of paper in order to produce fine shades of color. Dot etchers are also known as letterers or retouchers. Strippers arrange and paste film or prints of type and artwork on the layout sheets.