D carries a loaded gun, and waits in the bushes outside V's house. Five minutes before he expects V to come out, D decides that he doesn't really want to kill V at all. D returns home, and is arrested and charged with attempted murder. Thus if D, at the last moment, learns facts causing him to believe that he will be caught if he goes through with his plan, the abandonment will generally not be deemed voluntary. If D merely postpones his plan, because the scheduled time proves less advantageous than he thought it would be, this does not constitute a voluntary abandonment.
D turns around and walks away.
D's abandonment will almost certainly be found to be involuntary, because it was motivated by the victim's conduct. Therefore, D can be convicted of attempted robbery. But most courts would probably reject this defense and would convict D on these facts. If D is charged with a completed crime but shown to have committed only an attempt, the courts agree that D may be convicted of attempt .