A decision to use organic mulches should be made carefully. Some organic materials near the tree base are apt to provide habitat for rodents, potentially reduce nitrogen availability to plants as decomposition takes place, and may introduce weed seeds onto the farm. If prunings are to be used as a mulch, ensure they are disease free. The extra material and labour expenses should be compared to the anticipated benefits from improved soil management. However, the application of these soil amendments in established orchards and vineyards should be carefully considered since improper timing and nutrient imbalances can be detrimental to productivity and the health of the fruit trees.
Compost provides nutrients over a longer period of time.
Nevertheless, it should be ensured that the manure is fully decomposed before tree planting is started, and that levels of nutrients are appropriate for healthy plant growth. A replant test of the amended soil should be conducted to assess the risk of tree damage. In addition to the physical deterioration of soil, severe compaction may lead to premature fruit tree aging, damage to the roots of trees, poor drainage, excessive runoff, and less effective uptake of nutrients. Excessive tillage of soil accelerates this process by encouraging quick decomposition of organic matter. The resulting low organic matter content then makes the soil surface even more susceptible to compaction.