Twice removed from the original, TS include textbooks and almost all types of reference works, such as dictionaries, encyclopedias, reviews, biographical sources, fact-books, and almanacs. Newspapers Articles are written utilizing standard style formats such as APA , MLA , Turabian , etc. Format Articles generally don't follow the standard style formats. Since these articles don't normally cite written sources, nor follow a style format, these articles usually DO NOT have bibliographies or references. Authority Articles are sometimes unsigned, sometimes written by editorial boards, staff writers, or freelancers who have sold the rights to the article.
Authors are scholars considered experts in their fields .
Expertise Authors are often generalists, freelances, etc. who may conduct background research, but are often not considered experts. Articles are written with an elevated and paradigm-specific vocabulary written in the jargon of the field . Scope Articles are written for the broadest demographic profile to understand and enjoy.