Nepenthes seed depends upon wind dispersal as do many orchids and other epiphytes. Endosperm tissue is reduced to a minimum to keep the seed light enough to float on the breeze. N. gracilis var. There are different types of relationship between ants and various species of pitcher plants. Ants love to scramble around on the pitcher lid where precarious footing means they often become the next prey item on the menu.
Ants are the principle prey of some Nepenthes species.
They are attracted by nectar secreted from special glands on the lower surface of the pitcher lid. Other kinds of relationship exist. Some Nepenthes species provide lodging for an entire ant colony in the tendril which supports a pitcher. Ants of this species raid the pitchers for food. Mosquito larvae, which are immune to the digestive enzymes, live in the digestive liquid in the pitchers.