Cataract formation depends upon several factors, and is not yet completely understood. Cataract formation occurring in otherwise healthy adults occurs as a result of compression and hardening of the center of the lens over time. This compression causes a breakdown in the lens proteins and decreases the transparency and clarity of the lens. Pediatric cataracts result from genetic and metabolic diseases, maternal infection, toxic or traumatic causes, as well as being hereditary. Ultraviolet radiation in sunlight, cigarette smoking, and the use of certain medications are among the risk factors for cataract development.
Cataracts usually develop in both eyes, but often at different rates.
Unfortunately there is no proven medical treatment to prevent, delay, or reverse the development of cataracts in adults. Many medical agents are under investigation, but none have been proven absolutely effective. There is evidence however that anti-oxidants, specifically vitamins A, C, and E may delay the development of cataracts. Cataracts can cause many different visual effects. Some types of cataracts can reduce close vision more than far vision and visa versa.