Fixed oils, which do not evaporate under ordinary conditions, are also called fatty oils or simply fats. They include all animal oils and many vegetable oils. Butterfat, lard, and tallow rank as the chief animal oils. Margarine and salad oil consist mainly of fixed vegetable oils. Other products that are made from fixed oils include candles, linoleum, lubricants, paint, and soap.
Butter makers churn cream to produce butter.
Lard is made from fatty tissues of hogs, and tallow from cattle, goats, or sheep. Oils from such sea animals as fish and whales are called marine oils. Most fixed vegetable oils are extracted from such seeds as corn, cottonseed, and soybeans. Processors obtain olive and palm oils from the fruit pulp surrounding the seed. For information on the processing of fixed vegetable oils, see .