Examples of exotoxins are given in table 14.5 Viral infections are often lytic, directly killing the host cell. In most cases the host immune system eventually eradicates the pathogen from the body. In some cases, a persistent or latent infection may ensue. Coughs and sneezes are effective means of exit and new disease transmission for respiratory pathogens. Digestive system pathogens are excreted.
Diseases transmitted by vectors usually leave via a vector.
Diseases of the skin may be transmitted via touching.