Toxins can kill cells to release nutrients or essential co-factors 2. Can de-regulate cellular functions that do not lead to death, but generate nutrients for the bacterium 1. The A-chain is thought to be the toxic subunit by analogy to diphtheria and cholera toxin, however, at present it has no known effect on any cellular enzyme systems. Toxin production is associated with specific prophages in certain strains. Capillary thrombosis occurs and fluid leaks through damaged capillary endothelium, blood pressure falls and the animal goes into shock.
Animals exhibit edema, shock, and hemorrhage before death.
Atrophic rhinitis 14. C. Major sources of iron in mammals 1. Lactoferrin - secretion such as those from neutrophils and macrophages 4. Hydroxamates - aerobactin 2. Phenolates - enterochelin 3.