To describe the anatomy of the arch, great vessels, and intracranial arteries. To describe the embryology of the above and relate the common anomalies to the embryology. Discuss the collateral arterial communications of the extracranial and intracranial arteries. To understand the different etiologies of carotid artery disease.
Atherosclerosis Define the systemic risk factors for atherosclerosis.
Define the systemic effects of atherosclerosis and how these effects impact the diagnosis and treatment of the patient with carotid stenosis. Compression Traumatic occlusion Acute Dissection Inflammatory arteriopathies To describe the gross pathologic and histologic characteristics of each etiology above. To discuss the normal flow patterns at the carotid bifurcation, and how they are affected by the atherosclerotic process. To describe the arterial and neurologic examination and their importance in caring for patients with carotid artery disease. To describe the relationship between carotid artery atherosclerosis and the clinical syndrome of vertibrobasilar insufficiency.