A government program, called Project Tiger, established nine sanctuaries designed to provide ample habitat and prey. However, small isolated parks may promote inbreeding and the future of the Bengal tiger is still in question. A new threat by the burgeoning population growth is human competition for the tigers' prey base of large hoofed mammals. Their number was reduced to 750 in 1890. They were then protected and now number about 80,000.
Bison live only in parks, reserves and private collections.
Predator pressure is not heavy today, except by humans and domestic dogs. Much of its former range has been brought under cultivation, leading to conflicts with people.