The woods used are generally lightweight like the roots of mangrove trees. Most are single planks, although a New Ireland style uses three narrow planks lashed together. The backs have cane framework handles. Body armor was also common in the West Sepik and Western Provinces in PNG and is still used in the Highlands of Irian Jaya. New Ireland shield made of three panels lashed together with cane.
Designs vary from tribe to tribe.
Geometric designs are common in the PNG Highlands. In areas where tribes are at peace, shields are still important and powerful in a ceremonial context. The war canoes of the river and coastal tribes visually project the physical and spiritual power of the clan and tribe. On the Sepik River and in the Asmat, truly powerful images can defeat an enemy just by being shown. Conversely, these images are dangerous to handle and their rituals have to be strictly observed by the Big Men who are the fight leaders.