We looked at this issue just a year ago, but new findings and new controversies have only made the issue more complex, and we thought an update was in order. It's no secret that dietary calcium throughout the lifespan is essential for strong bones. But calcium intake is just one part of the equation. Guarding against calcium loss is equally important. And maintaining an overall balanced diet is essential, since many other nutrients are involved in building and maintaining strong bones.
Bone density is the biggest factor determining bone fracture risk.
Studies suggest that calcium supplements enhance bone density, and some recent research suggests that they reduce risk of fracture. But despite these findings, some people question how much calcium intake really affects bone health. Three types of observations challenge the importance of calcium. First, epidemiologic studies within countries often fail to show that people who consume the most calcium have fewer bone fractures. Second, comparisons among countries show that hip fracture rates are higher where people eat calcium-rich diets.