Great Wall of China is built to keep out northern barbarian horsemen. 209 BC Shih Huang Ti, emperor of China dies, rebellion begins. 207 BC Han dynasty supplants the Ch in in China. Adopt the principles of Confucius. China united by language and a legalistic basis of government.
China is isolated from other advanced cultures by distance and immense physical barriers.
146 BC Roman Empire destroys the empire of Carthage. 64 BC Roman empire overthrows the Seleucid empire. 30 BC Roman empire overthrows the Ptolemies.