Like any craftspeople, writers have a wide array of tools that they can use to put their words and ideas together. Writers are always thinking about which words fit together, and looking for new and better ways to put words together to express their ideas. They're both simple phrases, yet they are powerful, memorable, and evocative. A writer's job is far from done when the first sentence is right. A great writer carefully considers every word, phrase, sentence, and paragraph.
Characterization is the sum total of a writer's efforts to create a character.
Dialog, description, narration and much more can be used to reveal the nature of a character. There are other, less obvious metaphors, such as when we think about our planet as a mother. Allegory is a kind of extended metaphor in which an entire book, poem, or story can signify something other than the actual story that is being told. Many works of literature have several levels of meaning. George Orwells' Animal Farm , for example, can easily be read as the problems of a group of farm animals, but it is also an allegory of the political and social changes that occurred in the Soviet Union.