No work is required to charge a capacitor. A capacitor requires two separate pieces. There is a net charge on a capacitor. The capacitance of a capacitor depends on the amount of charge. A positive charged capacitor plate only has positive charges on it.
Charges flow through a capacitor.
Charges slow down as they go through a resistor. Current is the same thing as voltage. There is no current between the terminals of a battery. The bigger the container, the larger the resistance. A circuit does not have form a closed loop for current to flow.