Both cerebral edema and the presence of a hematoma within the brain will put increasing pressure on the brain tissues of the brain and destroy them. Symptoms vary depending on the location of the bleed and the amount of brain tissue affected. Symptoms usually develop suddenly, without warning, often during activity. They may occasionally develop in a stepwise, episodic manner or in a progressive manner. This occurs in the first day or so of life and is usually unpreventable.
Diagnosis is by ultrasound and usually done in an intensive care nursery.
The specific pattern of symptoms and function changes may indicate the location of the intracerebral hemorrhage. Eye examination may show optic nerve swelling from increased pressure in the brain, or there may be changes in eye movement. Abnormal reflexes may be present, or there may be an abnormal extent of normal reflexes. It may develop quickly into a life-threatening situation. Treatment goals include lifesaving interventions, supportive measures, and control of symptoms.