We can pursue a Weberian strategy of complexity in stratification. Type and location of housing is an important aspect of stratification at both subjective and objective levels. Black residents were very restricted in the style and location of housing to which they could get access- restricted by low incomes and poor borrowing potential, and prejudice and hostility by white landlords, agents and vendors, and limited rights in terms of access to council housing. A combination of factors led to black concentration in particular types of poor housing. Normally, these factors pull in different directions to prevent concentrations of underprivilege, and complicate the class system.
Black people are on the receiving end of all the disadvantages.
As such, black people run the risk of becoming an underclass, a group permanently isolated and detached from the rest of us at the bottom of the class sytem. You might find some evidence in Halsey's Introduction to Social Trends 1987. The 'closure' approach also offers an elegantly simple mechanism to explain stratification - people draw boundaries around themselves, says parkin, as a strategy, in order to pursue certain market advantages, to close off opportunities to those who are not members of that group. Weber himself had pointed to this possibility, says Parkin. Social solidarity can be based on a number of factors like market position or class in the marxist sense, but 'community factors' are just as potent, and these can include ethnic loyalty.