Solutions are homogenous mixtures of two or more substances. Chemical Thermodynamics 7. Energy is exchanged or transformed in all chemical reactions and physical changes of matter. Reaction Rates 8. Chemical reaction rates depend on factors that influence the frequency of collision of reactant molecules.
Chemical equilibrium is a dynamic process at the molecular level.
Organic and Biochemistry 10. The bonding characteristics of carbon lead to many different molecules with varied sizes, shapes, and chemical properties, providing the biochemical basis of life. Nuclear Processes 11. Nuclear processes are those in which an atomic nucleus changes, including radioactive decay of naturally occurring and man-made isotopes, nuclear fission, and nuclear fusion.