If successful resolution of a given stage is not achieved then later stages will reflect that failure in the form of physical, cognitive, social, or emotional maladjustment. Erikson's framework includes the belief that humans continue to grow and develop throughout the life cycle. Human personality is determined not only by childhood experiences but also by adult experiences as well. Trust is the expectation that one's needs will be taken care of and that the world or outer providers can be relied upon. Too much parental control leads to shame and doubt which undermine the child's development of a necessary sense of autonomy.
Child initiates both motor and intellectual activities.
Conflicts over initiative, intellectual curiosity, and overly restricted physical freedom can prevent the development of ambition which normally occurs during this stage. Through play with peers, the child learns how to interact with others. At the end of this stage, the child's conscience is established. The child learns to express aggression and anger in constructive ways. Excessive punishment restricts the child's imagination and initiative.