Search for approval 3. However, according to Kohn this is ultimately product oriented. Why competition is not necessary Physical fitness does not require competition. Camaraderie from teamwork is precisely the benefit of cooperative activity but without a loser. Competition does provide zest but ruins the enjoyment and creates addiction.
Cooperative games involve strategy and overcoming odds also.
Some sports it is easy to quit keeping score like golf. Interdependent competitive activity like tennis and basketball make it hard to do. In noncompetitive games the obstacle is intrinsic to the task itself not another person.