Soon after birth, the puppies should be examined by a veterinarian. Clip the puppies' nails as they become sharp to prevent them from hurting the mother during nursing. A puppy's eyes should open 10-14 days after birth. As the puppies begin to explore their new environment, a mixture of dog food intended for puppy growth and water or milk can be given to assist weaning. Cow's milk can be used unless it makes the puppies sick.
Behavioral adaptation is as important as physical health in puppies.
It is best to handle the puppies as little as possible during their first 3-4 weeks of life. After about 4 weeks, you can assist each pup's positive socialization toward people by cradling each puppy in your arms for about a minute twice a day. Do not handle them too much or permit rough handling by anyone, especially children. Do not scold them for mistakes but praise and pet the puppies when they urinate or defecate in the correct place. At 6-8 weeks of age, a stool sample should be checked by a veterinarian for internal parasites.