None of the animals developed skin tumors, and autopsies did not reveal any unexpected internal lesions or tumors. The toxic effects of ethylene dichloride exposure have been studied in a large number of animal species. 2 Acute exposure to ethylene dichloride seemed to most frequently affect the cardiovascular system as evidenced by extreme lowering of blood pressure, and cardiac impairment. Also, ethylene dichloride is reported to be a weak mutagen in bacteria and mutagenic in fruit flies. In the rat, ethylene dichloride has been reported to cross the placental barrier, accumulate in the placenta and fetal tissues, and cause abnormal development of the fetus.
Acute exposures can lead to death from respiratory and circulatory failure.
Autopsies in such situations have revealed widespread bleeding and damage in most internal organs. Repeated long-term exposures to ethylene dichloride have resulted in neurologic changes, loss of appetite and other gastrointestinal problems, irritation of the mucous membranes, liver and kidney impairment, and death. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health is currently preparing an update to the March 1976 recommendations regarding exposure to ethylene dichloride, which will address the carcinogenic potential of this substance in the workplace. However, it is important to keep in mind that ethylene dichloride can and does enter the body via inhalation and through the skin, as well as orally. When evaluating the test results or potential exposure to the substance in the workplace, in addition to the route of entry into the body, the amount of ethylene dichloride which is absorbed and actually reaches the target tissue or organ is a significant issue in determining the extent or possibility of the health hazard.