We relied on energy assessments from the World Bank and other sources, government statistics, and discussions with experts on energy consumption in the developing countries, and in agronomy, forestry, and agroindustries. Our approach allows the use of emission factors specific to particular fuels and combustion practices, where known. Most information on woodfuel use is based on household surveys, and is given in terms of per capita consumption. These data, together with population statistics, were used to estimate use in each country. However, he averaged estimates based on the FAO statistics and on a single value for per capita fuelwood consumption.
Agricultural residues form the other large biofuel.
Estimates of residue use as fuel were taken directly from survey data, where available. Otherwise, information on the extent of fuelwood deficit, together with patterns of agricultural residue use as fodder, construction, mulch, household fuel, and open field burning were combined to provide estimates of the amount of residue used as fuel. Other data on consumption of agroindustrial biofuels such as bagasse, coconut husks, and palm by-products from reports on the agroindustries and from World Bank country studies also were used to estimate the amount of residue as agroindustrial fuel. The use of agricultural residues as fuels is most pronounced in India, and China and elsewhere they are mainly used as woodfuel substitutes in wood-deficit regions. Dung is important as a biofuel in northern India, and high altitude regions of western China, Bolivia, and Peru.