The major indigenous tree species in these complex forests are beech, kauri, rimu, taraire and tawa. Indigenous forests harbour large numbers of unique wildlife, of which some are classed as endangered or threatened. Our indigenous forests are a key part of New Zealand's environment and help protect the natural values of our ecosystem.
Cultural values encompass recreational, scientific, historic and scenic dimensions.
The main threats to these forests are from introduced animals and plants, and an increasing demand for access and recreational opportunities. The Crown is the major indigenous forest owner. Through the Department of Conservation it manages about 77 percent of the estate for conservation, heritage and recreational purposes. Twenty-three percent of the estate is in private hands. Privately owned indigenous forests are required by law to be managed in a way that maintains their ability to provide products and amenities in perpetuity.