Durometers typically fall in the range of A75 to D55. Yes, though not as common, several grades of Dymax adhesives are hard and rigid with shore hardness of D80 or higher. All adhesives shrink during cure. This range is much wider than most adhesive options. Special grades that will endure cryogenic conditions and temperatures above 300 F are available.
All adhesives have by-products during cure that escape as vapors.
These vapors are continually released during the life of the product. Obviously, low levels of these outgassing emissions are desired. Many adhesives especially RTV's and epoxies have significant outgassing of these by-products. These vapors will eventually condense and cause contamination often seen as clouding on transparent surfaces. NASA has determined maximum allowable levels of each for space applications.