In 1999, the diverse and outspoken private print media continued to function under pressure. Police attacked several journalists, particularly photojournalists, covering general strikes and other events called by the opposition. Party activists also raided several newspaper offices. In recent years, authorities have detained several journalists for their reporting. Political considerations influence the apportionment of government advertising revenue and subsidized newsprint on which most publications are dependent.
Broadcast media are largely state owned, and coverage favors the ruling party.
Islamic fundamentalist militants often harass journalists and try to disrupt cultural events. Rape, dowry-related assaults, acid throwing, and other violence against women occur frequently with minimal police intervention in this heavily patriarchal society. A law requiring rape victims to file police reports and obtain medical certificates within 24 hours of the crime in order to press charges prevents most rape cases from reaching the courts. Police also accept bribes not to register cases and rarely enforce existing laws protecting women. In rural areas religious leaders occasionally arbitrarily impose floggings and other punishments on women accused of violating strict moral codes.