One above the other. She started labor at 2 cm's and the second one never opened at all. If I hadn't experienced this I wouldn't believe it, because both were relatively thinned out. Both ended up sectioned. Both were attempted homebirths.
Cervical stenosis can happen from any cervical trauma, and after menopause from atrophy.
I assume we are talking about trauma. I've had two women who had some problem with this after cones or LEEP procedures for severe dysplasia. Both of them effaced just fine, but didn't even begin to dilate, so the exam was really weird - it almost felt like I was touching the baby's head, but it was perfectly smooth, like cervix, just completely effaced. I couldn't feel where the os even was. Both times we looked really hard with a speculum, located the os which was tightly closed, and worked the tip of a small hemostat into the opening.