They are divided into digital and analog components below. Digital Components Logic Gates Compare digital inputs with boolean functions such as 'and', 'or', 'nand', 'not', and 'nor'. Usually chips have 4 gates each. Can be used to combine various input states to generate the proper output state. Multiplexers Used to send several signals over the same data path at the same time by selecting different inputs sequentially and sending them to the output.
Decoders Uses certain 'address' inputs to determine which inputs are returned as the output.
Make complex boolean functions easy to implement. As their name implies, they count. Normally they count input pulses in binary. Converters can be used to count in other bases. Flip Flops Store 1-bit of information so that the output is dependent on both the inputs and the current state.