Digitization provides tools to detect private digital copying of a protected work and to limit it.
This may allow title-holders to prevent practices that have been important for educational and scholarly purposes. The protection of databases, as established or proposed in some jurisdictions, may aggravate this problem. The limitations or exemptions of copyright are not 'exceptions', but important instruments in defining the delicate balance between copyright protection and user freedoms. In the digital networked environment, this balance is being redefined. Moreover, technological protection schemes may effectively rule out the possibility of users to invoke exemptions.