Slight to severe stunting with slight to severe chlorosis. Gradual yield decline over several years. Decreased nodulation, and canopy slow to close. Some root decay. Cysts on roots first appear as white, lemon-shaped females on root surface.
Cysts turn dark brown with age.
Symptoms are more pronounced under dry soil or other stress conditions. Can occur in any soil type, but often more apparent in light or sandy soils. Avoid moving infested soil with equipment or seed. Click on an image to display it in larger detail. Stunting occurs when young plants are infected.