To try and reduce the increasing troubles posed by infectious disease, the Institute of Medicine in 1994 identified the global changes that are contributing to their spread. Hospital settings are also a source for spread of bacteria, especially when technology is introduced without adequate safeguards. Global warming may also increase future chances for the transmission of some microorganisms such as malaria. A variety of diseases have been carried to the U.S. through travelers. International trade can facilitate broad disease transmission if a product is contaminated, and Kimball notes that trade in fresh produce has increased dramatically.
Antibiotic treatments can hasten the development of drug resistances.
Increasing public awareness of infectious diseases and the factors contributing to their spread is an important step toward addressing the growing health challenges facing society. Yet Kimball notes that education alone cannot solve future public health problems. Experts agree that future steps can be taken to reduce the threat infectious diseases pose to society. Such efforts should start locally, with strong local public health surveillance and awareness to improve communities' abilities to recognize outbreaks and communicate with other jurisdictions. Increasing global communication and networking capabilities is also vital, as well as working with businesses involved with trade and transportation to address health safety issues.