Our homepage offers information on selecting the best file format for your use. The Costs of Automobile Dependency and the Benefits of Balanced Transportation PDF Format Word 97 Format HTML Format Automobile dependency is defined as high levels of per capita automobile travel, automobile oriented land use patterns, and reduced transport alternatives.
Automobile dependency imposes many costs on society.
User costs include reduced travel choices, increased vehicle and residential parking costs, and increased accident risk. External costs include increased road and parking facility costs, congestion, uncompensated accident damages, environmental degradation, negative land use impacts, and reduced mobility for non-drivers. Beyond an optimal level, excessive automobile dependency may reduce economic productivity and development. A more balanced transportation system would provide many benefits to consumers and society. This paper explores these benefits and describes practical methods for evaluating transportation choice.