Identifying the cancer stage is one of the most important factors in selecting treatment options. Several tests may be performed to help stage breast cancer including clinical breast exams and certain imaging tests such as a chest x-ray , mammogram , bone scan , CT scan , and MRI scan . The TMN classification system is the most common staging system used today. Lumpectomy is the surgical removal of a breast lump and a surrounding margin of normal breast tissue. Lumpectomy usually does not significantly alter the physical appearance of the breast.
Breast reconstruction is possible in most cases after mastectomy.
Many women are faced with the choice between mastectomy or lumpectomy. Though both mastectomy and lumpectomy have equal survival rates , there are advantages and disadvantages to both procedures. Lumpectomy may preserve the physical appearance of the breast but usually requires six to seven weeks of radiation therapy. Mastectomy may reduce local recurrence of breast cancer, but additional decisions about breast reconstruction are introduced. Also, some women may be better candidates for mastectomy than lumpectomy or visa versa depending on their individual medical situation.