Mahonia is more effective for chronic liver problems. Eyewash for infections such as conjunctivitis and bloodshot eyes. Berries made into a gargle for sore throat. Use as a mouthwash or apply directly to gums for pyorrhea. Use as salve or wash for itchy skin, boils and wounds.
Berries are edible raw, and the juice is often used as a substitute for lemon juice.
Avoid during pregnancy. Avoid in hyperthyroid conditions. Do not use in cases of excessive flatulence. High doses can cause vomiting, lowered blood pressure and lowered heart rate. They are treated as one herb in this description.