Southern areas had fewer migrations and conflicts. Manufacturing and service activities show little development. Famines are likely to persist in Africa South of the Sahara. Disruptions caused by events like drought or civil war to food production and distribution systems cause famines. Relief efforts are often severely hampered by poor transportation systems.
Chronic hunger is a serious concern.
Led by the Republic of South Africa, this subregion is the most economically developed. Mineral endowment is a major variable among these countries. Apartheid no longer exists in the Republic of South Africa. Colonialism had varying impacts throughout the subregion. The Republic of South Africa is the only area with a significant number of white people.