In this panel, we will first discuss a few of the methods used in the backcountry to avoid these dangers, then give a brief description of the toxins and pathogens found in water, and which method is best suited to neutralizing each. Boiling for five minutes will kill any biological hazards you could expect to find. Boiling will NOT neutralize chemical pollutants.
Chemical purification involves the use of iodine or chlorine to kill the nasties in the water.
This method is lightweight and relatively inexpensive, but will not neutralize chemical toxins. In addition, you must make sure that water at 25 deg. Warm the water against your body or even on your stove if you want it to be purified faster. Used properly, iodine will kill most protozoa and all bacteria and viruses in water. After prolonged use, some people develop thyroid problems, so be aware of this potential side effect.