Austrian, mugho, red, and Scots pine are very susceptible although many other species of pine are also affected, especially when growing under conditions of stress. The needles are short and turn brown prematurely, usually showing the small black fruiting pustules at or below the sheath.
Control requires sanitary and cultural methods.
Prune and remove blighted twigs, branches, and cones during dry weather in autumn to reduce the amount of fungus available to infect new growth in the spring. Fertilize and control insect infestations, and water during periods of drought. Fungicide applications can supplement these control methods. Among the compounds registered for use in Connecticut are benomyl and thiophanate-methyl. Consult the label for dosage rates and safety precautions.