Navigation - The process by which an animal uses various cues to determine its position in reference to a goal as it moves from place to place. Navigation requires both a compass to provide directional information and a map to provide the animal with information on its position relative to a specific goal. Piloting - The use of familiar landmarks to find a goal or direction. True Navigation - The ability of an animal to orient towards a goal without the use of familiar landmarks. Fish move between areas of low and high productivity.
Animals move between protected breeding areas and feeding areas.
Gray Whales - Spend summers feeding in the rich waters of Arctic Ocean. Gray whales migrate to breeding areas in Mexico. Anadramous fishes such as Salmon - Spawn in freshwater streams and then migrate thousands of miles out to sea. Later return to their natal spawning grounds to reproduce. Catadramous fishes such as American Eels - Spawn in the Sargasso Sea but migrate to freshwater rivers in North America and Europe.