A good place to start is the American Camping Association website. The Association asserts the claims that attending camps offers great opportunities for children to unlock their potential and discover the world, developing positive self-esteem and enhanced social skills, and making new friends, all while having fun. To start with, there are basically four types of camps - resident camp, day camp, travel camp, and camps for persons with disabilities. At resident camps, children camp for extended periods - a few days to several weeks. The accommodations range from cabins to tents.
Day camps can offer a variety of programs and cater to a wide range of interests.
Duration for day camps varies widely as well. Travel camp participants explore geographic and topographic places of interest. Programs can include travel by hiking, horseback, canoeing, cars, or buses. And, some camps provide specialized services for persons with disabilities and offer similar programs to the above mentioned camps, but appropriate to the needs and abilities of the participants. Information about camps and answers to your questions about them can be found from a number of resources.