A patent is a grant of the exclusive right to an invention. In the United States the exclusive authority to grant patents for inventions is given to Congress through the Constitution. To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries. The owner does not need a patent to make, use or sell the invention, but only to stop others from doing so. In order to be considered patentable, the subject matter of an invention must fall within at least one of the categories mentioned in 101 of the Patent Act .
Conception involves the formation of an abstract solution to a problem.
It might involve suggestions how to solve a particular problem and preliminary work in that direction. Reduction to practice is the carrying out of these suggestions and ideas. It is seeing whether the solution works. There are two ways that an invention can be reduced to practice. In this case, there is concrete discernable invention.