Decision making is becoming attenuated with accountability spread thin throughout large and complex organizations. Complex organizations tend toward decentralized decision making which calls for professionalized decision makers at every level. The ideal would be for both the responsibility and the accountability of decision making to correlate. However, organizations lend themselves too readily to a dilution of accountability in decision making. It is too easy to blame others for decisions over which we have had minimal input or control.
Constraint refers both to physical imperatives and lack of alternatives.
For example, if a person is coerced into doing something that they normally would not do, we tend not to blame them for that action. The same would apply in a situation in which a person is constrained by lack of alternatives. We also tend to forgive in instances in which the outcome of an action could not reasonably have been predicted. To some degree personal and professional principles will mesh. However, deference is usually given to professional principles.