During spontaneous breathing, negative intrathoracic pressures generate the pressure gradient for inspiration. This negative intrathoracic pressure can also encourage air to enter the insertion site and cause air embolism. Breath holding creates positive pressure in the intrathoracic space. This will minimize the risk for air entry into the catheter. A mechanically delivered positive pressure breath will create the same protection.
Clots can form on catheter tips.
Left side down-trendelenberg position might trap the embolus in the right ventricle and prevent migration to the lung. Hold direct, manual pressure for a minimum of 5 minutes. Carefully check the site. If oozing continues, compress for 5 more minutes before checking again. Hold direct pressure for a minimum of 5 minutes after evidence of bleeding has stopped.