Your recent playing history is also consistant with over-use tendonitis. I do not think you are likely to need a hand surgeon at all. Any competant physician should be able to sort this out, if the problem persists you would probably be wise to see a rheumatologist who deals with soft tissue injuries. It is very important not to simply ignore tendonitis, or try to play through it. Acute tendonitis, which is what you very probably have, is not at all serious, but if it becomes chronic, it is virtually impossible to shift.
Chronic tendonitis is actually a much more serious issue that carpal tunnel syndrome.
I strongly advise you to see a doctor soon though. The pain in the finger joints is unlikely to be anything other than tendonitis, but those joints are quite often the first to become affected in cases of rheumatoid arthritis and some forms of psoriatic arthritis, so this should be checked out and excluded by your doctor. I stress this is an extremely unlikely possibility, becuase it is usual to have the same problem in the same joints of the other hand at the same time. I'm starting to develop a lot of pain in my fretting hand these days. I found that it is better to do some warming up first, like playing scales for example, or some easy chords where you don't have to spread your fingers so wide.