In low doses, alcohol can produce relaxation and a sense of well-being. As amounts increase, an individual may become confused, forgetful, withdrawn, depressed, angry or talkative, as well as experiencing the loss of decision-making skills. Because of its effects on the brain, alcohol use has been linked to a significant amount of violent crime. In the U.S., one half of all murders and one third of all suicides involve alcohol. Women process alcohol slower than men because they have, in general, higher body fat content and less systemic water than men.
Alcohol use appears to impact women more just before menstruation due to hormonal changes.
Women who use oral contraceptives are more greatly affected by the consumption of alcohol than those who do not use birth control pills. The long term effects of heavy alcohol use include damage to internal organs. Protein production and energy release are inhibited when the liver is forced to break down large amounts of alcohol. After several weeks of excessive drinking, fat accumulates in the liver which may eventually lead to liver failure. The liver can also suffer from tissue inflammation, a condition that may result in hepatitis or cirrhosis.