Moscow U. The tenth pillar is a parallel state-party apparatus. In democracies, political parties are wispishly insubstantial organizations by the standards of government or corporations. This is because real power is vested in open institutions of government that really wield it and are subject to the restraints imposed by democratic legitimacy. In totalitarian societies like Nazi Germany, Soviet Russia, or fundamentalist Iran, they are massive organizations, because the party is the real power and the state its servant. In the Iranian case, the equivalent of the party apparatus includes a vast array of religious institutions and foundations.
Democracies usually do.
The mullahs have not been able to secure the loyalty of Iranian youth to their ideals, and they constantly complain about this. This in a society where they have controlled everything about these children's upbringing for 22 years. The Iranian public is not just unhappy about practical matters like having enough to eat and getting their children educated. They take every opportunity they are given to express their utter contempt for the regime as such. This is so because every reform weakens the mechanisms that suppress popular demands, resulting in more unsatisfied demands after the reform than existed before it.