In an ugly irony, as desperate farmers try to increase their production, their agricultural methods may contribute to more health problems. A farmer may overuse or incorrectly use pesticides, inadvertently endangering himself and those who eat his crop. Additionally, some methods of irrigation encourage the spread of human disease. Especially in hot climates where the irrigation water moves slowly, the water becomes a breeding ground for organisms that carry disease. Malaria and schistosomiasis and some 30 other diseases are associated with irrigation use.
Agricultural research has many roles to play in improving health in developing countries.
Increasing crop yields will provide more food and income, reducing malnutrition. Just as important, agricultural research helps farmers find safer ways to grow their crops, using fewer pesticides. Research to develop improved irrigation methods can reduce the spread of waterborne diseases. In a direct and exciting development, researchers are now working to breed grains to improve their content of micronutrients the minerals and vitamins human beings require for good health. This will have huge benefits, especially for children and for women of child-bearing age.