In this system, a dairyman will establish minimum acceptable values in traits to be improved. The only bulls used are those surpassing all the culling levels. The efficiency of this method is reduced by the fact that bulls extremely good in one trait and just slightly below standard in another will not be used, even if the outstanding trait is of major economic importance and the slightly inferior trait has a low economic weight. Weakness in a particular bull will be offset by strength in that trait from another bull. Averages reflect different evaluations for different bulls as well as different quantities of semen from each bull.
Dairymen establish goals for test, type, price and individual components of overall type.
Knowledge of herd genetic level for components of type, distributions of sire evaluations, and optimum genetic levels for individual type components will be necessary to formulate goals. As this information is currently available for Jerseys only, we will limit discussion to test, type, and price. Other goals are for minimum averages. Dairy Guideline 205 is a good reference for semen price. Table 1 shows that you can pay more for semen if conception rate is higher.