An allogeneic stem cell transplant is a complex therapy and can give rise to a number of complications. The most important ones will be discussed here. Patients should realize that some patients develop no complications at all, whereas other patients may develop several. As a general rule, the better your clinical condition at the time of transplant, the fewer the complications. Infections may occur at any time after transplant.
Bacterial infections are most common when the white cells are low.
Viral infections can occur early, but are most frequent between 2 and 6 months after transplant. Any infection is possibly serious, but most can be treated successfully with antibiotics. All patients will receive oral antibiotics to prevent infections. Many patients will also receive intravenous medications to prevent viral and fungal infections. This therapy will often continue until the immune system is less vulnerable.