Laminate can be produced in virtually any style or color. Those designs that look like ceramic tile or wood flooring are most popular. I would caution you however that having the laminate floor may not necessarily solve the pains you are describing. I would check with a doctor before making that big decision. They'll have a dramatic change on the look of the entire kitchen and are a lot easier to install than new cabinetry.
Cabinetry is available in all kinds of grades.
For that much money you're probably going to only be able to get economy grade cabinets. I'd add Ikea is a good place to go for inexpensive cabinetry that is reasonably good quality. Depending on the condition of your current cabinetry, you might also want to consider refacing the cabinets you have now. If the basic structure of your old cabinets is sound, there's no reason you can't just replace the doors, handles, etc. That is considerably less expensive than completely new cabinets.