Malignant Melanoma Typically presents at a pigmented and necrotic hemorrhagic mass causing obvious destruction seen within the nose. Melanoma has the poorest prognosis of all primary neoplasms of sinonasal tract. Symptoms include obstruction, epistaxis and often a black discharge. Treatment involves resection of the neoplasm. Olfactory Neuroblastoma Also known as esthesioneuroblastoma.
Craniofacial resection has an excellent cure rate if the lesion is limited to the nasal cavity.
Radiation therapy is used for incomplete excision, post-op recurrences, and nonsurgical candidates. Most commonly squamous cell cancer, arising from the turbinates, followed by nasal septum, floor, and vestibule with frequent involvement of lymph nodes. A destructive lesion with extension through palate and facial soft tissues. It is usually localized to airway and upper aerodigestive tract and may remain histologically benign or evolve into polymorphic reticulosis. Impairment of delayed hypersensitivity often seen.