In type II, insulin is produced, but exogenous insulin is still needed to control hyperglycemia . Former terms for this type were maturity-onset, nonketotic, and stable diabetes. Type II occurs with far greater frequency than type I and is most common among those over 40 years of age. Urine specific gravity is 1.020 to 1.040. Boils, carbuncles, and vascular changes may be present.
Diabetics are at greater risk of retinography, glaucoma, and various types of neuropathy.
Although advanced cases of diabetes, when left without proper treatment, can lead to nausea, headaches, vomiting, dyspnea, sense of intoxication, delirium and deep coma - resulting in death, cardiovascular disease is actually the major cause of death in diabetics. Additionally, peripheral disease may lead to ischemia and gangrene of the lower limbs. One or more amputations may be required. The cause of Type I is conventionally taught as an autoimmune disease triggered by a nonspecific viral infection that inflames the beta cells of the pancreas. The most common such infections are caused by cytomegalovirus, mumps virus, influenza virus, or rubella virus.