The higher the bone density a woman has at the start of menopause, the better she can withstand this decrease. There are many factors that will make it likely that a woman has a low bone density that will put her at higher risk for osteoporosis and its complications. Genetic predisposition, dietary and exercise habits, use of tobacco, alcohol and medications, as well as specific illnesses, can all contribute. Bones need building blocks, and an adequate diet is needed to maintain bone. Most women take in too little calcium over the years.
Calcium supplements have to be evaluated for their elemental calcium content.
Unless a woman is motivated to be on a very compulsive regimen, ingestion tends to be very sporadic. Weight-bearing exercise is also important. Adequate intake of vitamin D plays a key role in bone health. Current recommendations may not be adequate. Although I do inquire about risk factors, I believe every woman should have a bone density study to find out where she stands.