The following questions are examples of the types of questions the will appear on the final exam. Although from the post-midterm lectures only, they are not meant to be comprehensive and only represent a sample of the types of questions to be asked. Flagella display an oarlike pattern of beating. There are usually fewer cilia than flagella.
Cilia are generally longer than flagella.
You are designing, by genetic engineering, a protein that needs to be synthesized in the cytoplasm and then localized in the nucleus of the cell. A radioactively labeled protein is made by cells and followed through the various organelles in the secretory pathway. After six hours, all of the radioactivity is still primarily in the Golgi apparatus. The chemiosmotic model of ATP synthesis is based on several lines of experimental evidence. The proton gradient has enough energy to drive ATP synthesis.