About 65 percent of the labor force is unionized. Unions operate free of government interference. The two largest labor federations are linked to, but organized independently of, the Socialist Workers and Christian Social parties. The right to strike is constitutionally guaranteed. The law mandates a maximum workweek of 40 hours.
All workers receive at least five weeks of paid vacation yearly, in addition to paid holidays.
The independent judiciary is headed by the supreme court, whose members are appointed for life by the grand duke. Defendants are presumed innocent. They have the right to public trials and are free to cross-examine witnesses and to present evidence in court. Women constitute 38 percent of the workforce. The law mandates equal pay for equal work and encourages equal treatment of women.