As you go higher up a mountain, the air pressure decreases and the gas molecules spread farther and farther apart. Less dense air holds less heat than dense air, so the farther above sea level you are, the lower the temperature will be. Latitude determines the amount of solar energy received by that region. Regions close to the equator receive direct rays of the sun and therefore receive more radiant energy and are warmer. At the areas closer to the poles, the suns rays are at an angle so these areas receive less radiant energy and are cooler.
Currents can either be warm or cold.
The temperature of the water affects the temperature of the air above it. If the water is cold, it cools the air above it. If it is warm, it heats up the air above it. Ocean currents traveling away from the equator are warm, warming the air which moves onto the land near these areas. Currents flowing toward the equator are colder, so the air masses, moving over these currents, are cooled.