Nearly every street in Amsterdam has a bike lane or separated paths on both sides. Lanes and paths are usually painted a distinguishing brick red. Intersections have special signals, lanes, and actuated buttons for bicyclists. The city center is dedicated almost exclusively to pedestrians, bicyclists, and electric trams. Outside Amsterdam, an extensive network of two way bicycle paths connect fishing and farming villages.
Directional signs give distances.
What strikes me most is how the volume of cycling impacts the culture. There are so many cyclists I'm almost unaware of them. They are simply a part of the city, as cars are a part of American cities. Cyclists don't wear helmets or lycra, special clothes or shoes. I'm not sure most even think about bicycling.