The first interferometer imprints a partial coherence on an initially incoherent source. The second interferometer performs autocorrelation on the reflected signal to determine velocity. A dispenser for precisely ejecting chemical fluid samples. Dispensing is actuated by ultrasonic transducers that produce a pressure wave in capillaries containing chemicals. The dispenser, analogous to a computer ink-jet print head, does not heat up, so damage of certain samples does not occur.
Applications are in biological sample handling and analytical chemical procedures.
The concept has been effectively demonstrated using common optical-grade fused silica. The use of solid-state materials is enabled by a multipass resonant architecture that suppresses the transient fluctuations that would damage the SBS medium. It allows nonlinear wavefront correction to be implemented in industrial and defense laser systems whose operating environments preclude the introduction of potentially hazardous liquids or high-pressure gases. A method of electrochemical formation of field emitters that is particularly useful in the fabrication of flat-panel displays. Metal field emitters are formed by electroplating, and the shape of the formed emitter is controlled by the potential imposed on the gate as well as on a separate counter electrode.