Hookworm, ascaris and strongyloides infestations can be prevented by not walking in areas of poor hygiene and wearing enclosed footwear. Thick soled shoes should be worn on coral reefs. Although Africa, India, the Philippines and Thailand are recognised hot spots, no country is free of this virus. Hepatitis B is a high risk in all developing countries. Immunisation is sometimes required by law, for entry into areas where there is a current outbreak.
Cholera can cause watery diarrhoea and sometimes death.
It can be found in Asia, Africa, the Middle East , Eastern Europe, South America and the South Pacific. The risk for healthy travellers is very low. The percentage of the population who can transmit the disease Length of stay Contact with the local people Frequency of travel Hepatitis A is the most commonly acquired vaccine preventable infection in travellers. It is rarely fatal but can cause an illness which prevents work or travel for several weeks or months. Hepatitis A can be acquired from contaminated food or water, or from direct contact with an infected person.