Infection of the gum tissue is characterized by changes in color, position, form, and surface appearance. The color of the gums is red and swelling is usually present. When the gums get infected it will recede towards the root creating a space between the tooth and the gum tissue, this is called a periodontal pocket. Gingivitis is caused by plaque which is organized bacteria and may be chronic or acute. Chronic gingivitis is inflammation that has been present for some time.
Acute gingivitis has a sudden onset and heals in a short time with proper treatment.
Gingivitis may also be caused by prior poor health conditions or medications. The poor health conditions could be a bacterial infection, viral infection or fungal infection. The medications that can lead to gingivitis are steroid therapy drugs, anticonvulsant drugs or drugs that help your immune system. Gingivitis may also be caused by hormonal changes such as puberty or pregnancy. Gingivitis can be controlled and prevented with proper brushing and flossing on a regular basis to remove all the plaque and bacteria from the teeth.