Unless controlled, they will be very competitive with the emerging small grain for nutrients, sunlight, and moisture during fall and early winter. A higher chemical rate may be needed for a dense weed population, cool or cold growing conditions, or drought. For taller annuals, use a higher rate. If perennial weeds are present, refer to the label instructions for proper control measures. Both Gramoxone and glyphosate require a spray adjuvant to be effective.
Adjuvant concentration is dependent on several factors.
Refer to the label for the rate appropriate at each weed growth stage. Use fan-type nozzles and apply in 10 to 40 gallons of water per acre. Low glyphosate rates are more effective when applied in 3 to 10 gallons of water per acre. If few or no weeds are present at planting, weed control measures can be postponed until after the small grain reaches the 2-leaf stage. Winter annuals can quickly get too large to control easily and can cause substantial yield reductions.