They also have a social value for special occasions which require traditional foods and provide subsistence for survival. The general view held by the broader society with respect to Indigenous hunting is a negative one. This often affects the involvement of Indigenous peoples in management. There are also other relevant factors which compound the issues of management and indigenous involvement. Management Management under traditional customary law has been carried out for a long time however recent developments such as increased technology, and the disruption of culture, has affected the balance.
Customary law has a role to play as a management constraint.
Community-based management can prove to be effective. This process provides the means for community monitoring at a grassroots level and invests control in the hands of the traditional people via a management mechanism which is community driven. The Future Cooperative management between government and Indigenous communities is appearing as a legitimate and effective management mechanism. Effective because it offers control, monitoring and enforcement at a grassroots level. Enforcement by government management agencies can play an effective and productive part as a support to management but not necessarily as a solution.