Casti I have yet to see any problem, however complicated, which, when you look at it the right way, did not become more complicated. My reading on the subject of complexity theory leads me to two basic conclusions. The first is that what is meant by saying that a system is complex varies considerably depending on who we ask. And the second, is that even with each individual observer, whether a system is said to be complex depends on how close we look at the system.
Complexity appears to be a subjective concept.
It paints a very bleak picture of complexity, emphasizing how experts in many diverse fields use different terms to quantify complexity. He then tries to make complexity fit into individual paradigms such as chaos theory, catastrophe theory, information theory, etc. What Horgan showed me is that like the scientist in the Casti quote above, he does not understand complexity. The best appraisal of complexity theory that I found came from the book Complexification by John L. Casti. In his book, Casti describes some characteristics that separate simple systems from complex systems.