Surveys of energetic electrons in Earth's magnetosphere. First direct detection of the diffusion of energetic electrons in the outer radiation zone. 1967 First successful plasma analyzer to employ continuous channel electron multipliers as detectors. 1967 First direct detection of the ion plasmas in the extraterrestrial ring current. 1971 Discovery of the direct entry of magnetosheath plasmas into the distant polar magnetosphere, i.e., the polar cusp.
Basic format is now the almost universally used display for plasma measurements.
1971 Discovery of the electron 'inverted-V' precipitation events that are associated with auroral arcs. 1977 First detection of ionospheric ions in the magnetotail. 1979 Discovery of the boundary layer of the plasma sheet with simultaneous measurements from two spacecraft. 1980 Discovery of the plasma torus in Saturn's magnetosphere. 1981 First direct detection of field-aligned currents in Earth's magnetotail.