This process also occurs in chloroplasts and is called chemiosmosis. ATP yield Explain the production of a small yield of ATP from anaerobic respiration and the formation of ethanol in yeast and lactate in mammals. In animals pyruvic acid is reduced directly by NADH2 to form lactic acid. This means that the only energy that is produced from anaerobic respiration is in the form of the ATP so much less efficient than aerobic. 1997 M.J. Farabee, all rights reserved.
ALL organisms have glycolysis occurring in their cytoplasm.
At steps 1 and 3 ATP is converted into ADP, inputting energy into the reaction as well as attaching a phosphate to the glucose. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate can be converted into GAP by the enzyme Isomerase. The above image is from the Bio181 site at the University of Arizona. Humans cannot ferment alcohol in their own bodies, we lack the genetic information to do so. These biochemical pathways, with their myriad reactions catalyzed by reaction-specific enzymes all under genetic control, are extremely complex.