The resistance will be half again when the cross-sectional area is doubled, so it will be 2.5 ohms. If both voltage and resistance are doubled, current remains unchanged. Likewise if both voltage and resistance are halved. Current will be greater in the bulb connected to the 220-volt source. Twice the voltage would produce twice the current if the resistance of the filament remained the same.
Damage generally occurs by excess heating when too much current is driven through an appliance.
For an appliance that converts electrical energy directly to thermal energy this happens when excess voltage is applied. Interestingly enough, if the appliance is an electric motor, then applying too little voltage can result in overheating and burn up the motor windings. To be safe use the recommended voltages with appliances of any kind. You can cut off your arm and survive, but you cannot survive without your heart. Electric power in your home is likely supplied at 60 hertz and 110-120 volts via electrical outlets.