Neuroscience research includes genes and other molecules that are the basis for the nervous system, individual neurons, and ensembles of neurons that make up systems and behavior. At the molecular level, neuroscientists use tools such as antibodies and gene probes to isolate and identify proteins and other molecules responsible for brain function. Molecular biologists isolate and describe the genes that produce the proteins important to neuron function. Neuroanatomists study the structure and organization of the nervous system. With special dyes, they detect specific neurotransmitters, and mark neurons and synapses with specific characteristics and functions.
Developmental neuroscientists study how the brain grows and changes.
They define chemicals and processes neurons use to seek out and connect with other neurons and maintain connections. Cognitive neuroscientists study functions such as perception and memory in animals by using behavioral methods and other neuroscience techniques. Behavioral neuroscientists study the processes underlying behavior in humans and in animals. Their tools include microelectrodes, which measure electrical activity of neurons, and brain scans, which show parts of the brain that are active during activities such as seeing, speaking or remembering. This work may lead to computer programs that understand speech and respond to spoken questions.