The videotape clips were shown partly because Gates is not scheduled to testify. Each side is limited to 12 witnesses, who are submitting their direct testimony in writing. Neither side called Gates as a witness. Netscape CEO James Barksdale, in his 120-page testimony, released Monday, says Microsoft used threats and bribes to get PC makers and Internet providers to use Microsoft's browser over Netscape's. Netscape's Navigator browser, and the included Java programming language, each offer ''platforms'' on which software can run, a threat to Microsoft's Windows operating-system monopoly, the government says.
Browsers also guide PC users to lucrative Web sites.
Microsoft says it has bundled its Explorer browser into Windows to improve the products and make PCs and the Internet easier to use. The e-mails also provide a new glimpse into the chafing of PC makers, who have been unwilling to publicly criticize Microsoft, which supplies Windows to each of their PCs.