This test is typically performed when a problem is suspected, so the results outweigh the risk. Later on in a pregnancy , the test is used to identify suspected problems such as a blood group problem or infection. It is also used to determine whether a fetus in distress is mature enough to survive an early birth. Late in the pregnancy, lung maturity can be determined using this test. Amniocentesis is used to determine the health of an unborn baby.
Amniotic fluid contains cells that are normally shed from the fetus.
Samples of these cells are obtained by withdrawing some amniotic fluid. The chromosome analysis of these cells can be performed to determine abnormalities. In addition, the cells may be cultured and analyzed for enzymes, or for other materials that may indicate genetically transmitted diseases. Other studies can be done directly on the amniotic fluid including measurement of alpha-fetoprotein.