Complex carbohydrates usually have less fat, more vitamins, minerals, and fiber. However, foods from simple sugars contribute only energy and no other nutrients. Also, sugars and starches in food can promote tooth decay, especially when eaten frequently as snacks. Sodium and chloride maintain fluid balance and regulate blood pressure. A high sodium intake also may increase the need for calcium because more calcium is excreted in urine.
Alcoholic beverages offer calories but essentially no nutrients.
Moderate drinking may be linked with a lowered risk for heart disease. In excess, it may become a substitute for food leading to many health problems.