Without the cartilage, the bones in the joint rub together and cause pain. The joint can also lose its normal shape as the cartilage breaks down, causing bone ends to thicken and form bony growths, called bony spurs, and small pieces of bone or cartilage can also float within the joint space - another cause for pain. Osteoarthritis develops slowly, at times over a period of years, and can be only a minor discomfort in the beginning of the disorder. The most common symptom is a deep, aching pain in the joint, especially after exercise or standing and is usually relieved with rest. It can often affect joints on only one side of the body at first, and rarely affects elbows or shoulders.
Diagnosis is based on medical history and a thorough physical exam.
Other tests may also be done, such as X-rays, to help confirm the diagnosis and determine the extent of joint damage. X-rays may be normal in the early stages of the disease and there are no laboratory tests that specifically test for osteoarthritis. The goal of treatment is to relieve pain, maintain or improve mobility and minimize disability. Treatment includes medications such as aspirin, ibuprofen or acetaminophen, for pain relief. Exercise to maintain range of motion and strengthen muscles can be very important in controlling this disorder.