Decisions are spontaneous, unpredictable proclamations by the leader. The leader leads and motivates through personal appeal. Goals are highly explicit, reflecting the philosophy and aims of the leader. Decisions are represented by issuance of orders from the top which are conscious, rationalized and calculated. The leader directs by handing down decisions.
Decisions are group decisions through informal, intimate and fluid relationships.
The leader creates an atmosphere conducive to expression and participation. Goals are subjective rather than objective and the purposes of the group emerge from discussion. The concept of the organization is adapting a system. Decisions reflect continuous adaptation with the purpose kept relevant to the environment. The leader clarifies goals, interprets the environment and monitors change.