It is rich in nerve endings and blood and lymphatic vessels. When fractures occur, the pain is carried to the brain by nerves running through the periosteum. Bone Growth Endochondral ossification is the process of converting the cartilage in embryonic skeletons into bone. Cells inside this cartilage grow and begin depositing minerals. The perichondrium, a connective tissue, forms around the cartilage and begins forming compact bone while the above changes are occurring.
Blood vessels form and grow into the perichondrium, transporting stem cells into the interior.
During childhood, this cartilage allows for growth and changes in the shape of bones. Eventually the elongation of the bones stops and the cartilage is all converted into bone. Images from W.H. Freeman and Sinauer Associates Bones continue to change during adulthood, to adapt to the stresses generated by physical activity. Increasing calcium intake, reducing protein intake, exercise and low doses of estrogen are effective treatments for osteoporosis. The outer surface of the synovial joints contains ligaments that strengthen joints and hold bones in position.