The computer underground embraces all age groups, motivations, and nationalities, and its activities include software piracy, elite system hacking, pornographic bulletin boards, and virus exchange bulletin boards. He designs trusted systems with more than adequate safeguards for the protection of information. The author installs elaborate flagging devices to ensure that system integrity is not violated. Yet, the author now realizes that the human, or Peopleware, problem is the most vexing. Much of the content of this report can be applied to any situation where insiders or determined outsiders gain access and do harm.
Computers are the vector.
They are the means by which a criminal end is reached. Nonetheless, the speed and stealth by which such information can be transmitted makes computer crime a dangerous threat to the national security. This group of security and computer professionals, both government and private, expresses concerns about computer crime that should be heard by a wider audience. This bibliography supersedes that of report PB89-866610 and contains 250 citations. The citations concern computer viruses.