Cows are pregnant for nine months and calves are usually born naturally and easily. In the case of complications during delivery, the cow may require assistance from the farmer. On rare occasions, situations may arise which require the expertise of a veterinarian. Farmers are present during calving to ensure successful delivery. Some farms use observation cameras in the barn so they can keep a watch on the cow giving birth even when they are outside of the barn.
Calves receive colostrum milk from the cow for the first three days.
The cow produces colostrum milk, which contains the mother's antibodies, for a very short time period and it is essential in protecting the calf from disease. Calves are placed in pens or individual buildings called hutches. Individual hutches allows for personal attention and care for the calves. Comfortable air temperature, ventilation and lighting, as well as adequate and clean bedding are provided. Solid food and hay are slowly introduced as part of the diet to prepare the calves for weaning.