The alternating black and white stripes that reach from the base of the bill to the back of the crown distinguish white-crowneds from all other North American sparrows. White-crowneds show no white on the throat and no yellow at the lores. Identification of immature white-crowneds offers a somewhat greater challenge. Both of these related species, however, should have a hint of yellow on their crowns. White-crowneds show little fear of humans.
Adults perch in plain view and make sharp scolding calls when intruders approach.
If disturbed, white-crowneds may briefly disappear into bushes, but they quickly reassume visible perches. Although the songs of white-crowned sparrows vary geographically, they share common elements. The character of the song is both sweet and plaintive. All other races breed among stunted trees or bushes, especially willows and spruce, surrounded by alpine meadows. Sources of fresh water often figure prominently in the overall habitat scheme.