Physicochemical basis for separation in equilibrium, field and membrane separation processes, flux-force relations, chemical potential profiles, band broadening, phase equilibria. Ideal separation factors in equilibrium, field and membrane processes, focusing techniques. Effect of chemical reaction on separation in equilibrium and membrane processes. Distillation, absorption, extraction, crystallization, zone refining, ion exchange, chromatography, PSA, electrophoresis, dielectrophoresis, electrostatic precipitation, centrifugal separations, HGMS, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, dialysis, electrodialysis, liquid membranes, gas permeation, pervaporation, parametric pumping, etc. Stage and point efficiencies.
Composite separation processes.