They also made tea from the roots to treat mouth sores. The tea was also used as an eyewash, to treat indigestion, and as a tonic after prolonged illness. Its bitterness is imparted to both water and alcohol, but more readily to the latter. As there is neither tannic nor gallic acid, the activity is due to berberia or berberine, which is associated with another alkaloid called Coptine or Coptina, resembling hydrastia. It also contains albumen, fixed oil, colouring matter, lignin, extractive, and sugar.
Authorities differ as to the presence of resin.
It may be used as other pure bitters. In New England it is valued as a local application in thrush, for children. It is stated to be good for dyspepsia, and combined with other drugs is regarded as helpful in combating the drink habit. Flowers usually appear the following year. Mulch in winter with oak leaves, which should be partially removed in spring.