If the subunits of a typical core bacterial RNA polymerase are added to different sigma factors, the holoenzyme may recognize different sequences as promoters. The promoter can be far upstream from the translation start point. Give an example. Replication of plasmid DNA is coupled to chromosome replication.
All plasmids regulate the copy number using a similar mechanism.
The Rom protein negatively regulates replication of ColE1-type plasmids. Two plasmids replicate using the ColE1 mechanism. If two primers have different Tm the PCR reaction can give unspecific fragments as products. Consider the system we use in the laboratory. Design a diagnostic assay to determine which strains of a collection of V. anguillarum isolates may be virulent.