Blood tests reveal increased levels of cells and chemicals associated with allergic reactions in general, as well as, several studies have shown a defect of T cell regulation that may be associated with the increased IgE responses. There are several different types of eczema, many of which look similar but have very different causes and treatments. The first step in effective treatment of eczema is a correct diagnosis. It is very important to see a general practitioner in the first instance, who may make a referral to a specialist dermatologist for further diagnosis and treatment. The causes of eczema are many and varied, and depend on the particular type of eczema that a person has.
Atopic eczema is thought to be a hereditary condition, being genetically linked.
It is proposed that people with atopic eczema are sensitive to allergens in the environment which are harmless to others. In atopy there is an excessive reaction by the immune system producing inflamed, irritated and sore skin. Associated atopic conditions include asthma and hayfever. Other types of eczema are caused by irritants such as chemicals and detergents, allergens such as nickel, and yeast growths. In later years eczema can be caused by a blood circulatory problems in the legs.