These lesions may become quite large and interfere with function and aesthetics. KS represents an AIDS diagnosis, and oral lesions may be the first sign. Non-Hodgkin s lymphoma is being seen with increasing frequency. Lesions may occur anywhere intraorally and can present as a solitary lump or ulcer. Lesions are painful and may grow rapidly.
Diagnosis is made by biopsy, and treatment involves a combination of radiation and chemotherapy.
The cause of HIV-SGD is unknown. It may occur during all stages of HIV disease and as a side effect of medications. Treatment may include chewing sugarless gum or sucking sugarless candies, frequently sipping water, and using artificial saliva substitutes. Major aphthous ulcerations may occur in HIV-infected patients even those who have never had ulcers previously. They are associated with severe immunosuppression.