Bob Dole is the President. Therefore, Bob Dole has the right to command the armed forces. If Portmore has a doctorate, then he is licensed to practice medicine. Portmore doesn't have a doctorate. Therefore, he isn't licensed to practice medicine.
Arguments have a certain logical form in virtue of the logical connectives they contain.
Logical connectives are words like 'and', 'or', 'if', 'not', 'all', and 'some'. Therefore, F is Y. ii. If Clinton is married, then he has a wife. Clinton is married. Therefore, Clinton has a wife.