The Monsanto display technology is universally viewed as a cost effective enabling technology that allows the use of motion displays in historically cost prohibitive environments. An aqueous solution of sodium sulfate in contact with the composite provides an electrochromic display element.
Color changes with the application of voltage are visible through the transparent electrode.
The element uses an ionically conducting electrochromic layer and requires the use of a transparent electrode to view the color change. These displays comprise the means for applying an electrical potential across the interface of the ionically conductive layer and the electrochromic material to generate an electrochromic effect at the interface. Electrochromic materials can be provided in the laminates as layers between the ionically conductive layer and the composite layer of electrically conductive particles dispersed in a polymer matrix. Alternatively, the electrochromic material can be incorporated in the conductive particles in the polymer matrix, e.g. as titanium dioxide coated with antimony tin oxide coated with polyaniline dispersed in an light transmitting polymer matrix. The materials of this invention allow for the high-speed fabrication of flexible displays, e.g. by printing methods.