Punishments have their roots in a philosophy that students will avoid bad behavior to avoid being punished. Fear is the prime motivator. Consequences are directly related to the rule. They are both logical and natural and they help the rule violator learn acceptable behavior from the experience. Their intent is instructional rather than punitive because they are designed to teach students the positive or negative affects of their behavior.
Consequences are simple, direct, related to the rule, logical and instructive.
Punishments are not related to the rule, are not natural extensions of the rule, intend to generate anxiety, hostility and resentment in the student. Natural and logical consequences help teach proper behavior. Punishments attack dignity as a way to get a child to stop misbehaving. Sometimes it is difficult to tell whether the dignity of the student is hurt by the consequence or not. There are instances when the student will hurt his own dignity by the way he responds to the consequence.