The quality of the environment is highly dependent upon litter quality. The two factors that influence litter conditions are manure and moisture. Excess moisture in the litter increases the incidence of breast blisters, skin burns, scabby areas, bruising, condemnations and downgrades. Many producers underestimate the detrimental effects of ammonia. Ammonia concentrations of 50 to 110 ppm can cause the human eye to burn and tear.
Chickens are also sensitive to ammonia.
In addition, a greater incidence of airsacculitis, viral infections and condemnations have been linked to ammonia levels in this range. Litter that is too dry and dusty can also lead to problems such as dehydration of new chicks, respiratory disease and increased condemnations. Ideally, litter moisture should be maintained at 20 to 25 percent. The rule of thumb in estimating litter moisture content is to squeeze a handful of litter. If it adheres tightly and remains in a ball, it is too wet.