1847 Taos Rebellion against the U.S. military. Governor Charles Bent killed. 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends Mexican-American War. Bishop Jean Baptiste Lamy arrives in New Mexcio and establishes schools, hospitals and orphanages throughout the territory. The Gadsden Purchase from Mexico adds 45,000 square miles to the territory.
Confederates invade New Mexico from Texas.
The Confederate Territory of Arizona is declared with the capital at La Mesilla. 1862 Battles of Velvarde and Glorieta Pass fought, ends Confederate occupation of New Mexico. Wa r erupts in southeast New Mexico. The railroad arrives in New Mexico opening full scale trade and migration from the east and mid-west. Billy the Kid shot by Sheriff Pat Garrett at Maxwell's Ranch.