Friction is a force that holds one object back against another. If you try to push a book along a table, at first it will not move. As you push harder, the book eventually begins to slide. But as the book rubs along the table, the force of friction slows it down. Friction always works to stop things moving or slow them down when they are moving.
Compression just means squeezed together into a smaller space.
For example, gases can be squashed or compressed into a smaller space. A compressed gas, like air, in a balloon pushes out equally in all directions. The more you compress a gas, the higher the pressure in it becomes. Distortion can have several meanings depending on what area of energy you are referring to. Thanks for asking.