The reaction between ammonia and fiber is dependent on temperature, so if forages are treated with ammonia during cold weather a 5 week treatment period should be used. Forage can remain covered for longer periods without problems. The hay should be uncovered carefully so that the plastic can be reused which reduces treatment cost considerably. Some people recommend that the forage be left uncovered for 3 to 5 days prior to feeding to allow free ammonia to escape. This generally is not necessary, but sometimes animal acceptance may be poor initially if ammoniated bales are not aired out prior to feeding.
Anhydrous ammonia is a toxic gas.
Proper ammonia safety precautions must be followed. Work in a well ventilated area up wind from application area. Goggles and gloves should be worn for protection during application. Also have ample clean water available to promptly rinse ammonia off eyes and skin surfaces. Alfalfa and other legume forages exhibit negligible improvement from ammonia treatment.