Many would permit an abortion if the pregnancy resulted from rape or incest. Some would allow the use of emergency contraception , which might, occasionally, result in the death of a just-fertilized ovum before the ovum attaches itself to the inner wall of the womb and pregnancy begins. The pro-choice movement generally argues that life becomes human life much later in pregnancy, or at birth. Others would argue that a woman should have the right to terminate her pregnancy at any time in pregnancy, up to the point where the fetus is viable and fully formed. Medical professionals, through their state and provincial organizations have passed regulations that forbid abortions after 20 or 21 weeks gestation, except in very unusual circumstances.
Death is the final cessation of life.
Someone whose body is rotting away and hanging off the bones is obviously dead. However there are some cases, perhaps many cases, where it will not be obvious to an unqualified layman whether someone is alive or dead. In these cases it is the decision of competent physicians that decides the issue. Prior to about 1960, a person would be declared dead if both their heartbeat and breathing had ceased and could not be re-initiated. But newer technological developments made this definition invalid.