Migrant hawks begin appearing in numbers. More ducks arrive, and most of the shorebirds depart for wintering grounds far to the south. Some of the permanently resident birds, having completed their molt, begin a fall song period. By October, most of the southbound shorebirds and landbirds have left. Wintering landbirds such as sparrows begin arriving in numbers.
Coots arrive in numbers.
Hawk migration reaches its peak. Male ducks begin emerging from their eclipse into brilliant breeding plumage. Almost all the shorebirds and landbirds have departed by the end of the month. Some ducks and coots continue to arrive during early December, while others continue south. By mid-month, though, the fall migration is essentially over.