An aortic dissection is not a complete tear, or rupture, of the aortic wall, which is a lethal condition. When a dissection occurs, blood flows through the tear, filling the space between the layers of the aorta and becoming trapped. An aortic dissection usually causes severe pain. Dissection in the ascending aorta or the aortic arch are generally treated surgically. Dissections in the descending aorta are only operated upon if medical treatment fails.
Aortic regurgitation is caused by a damaged aortic valve .
When open, the aortic valve allows blood to flow from the left ventricle of the heart into the aorta. When closed, the aortic valve forms a strong seal, separating the ventricle from the aorta. If the aortic valve is damaged, a reverse in the blood flow, or aortic regurgitation, may be possible. While mild cases may have no symptoms, in severe cases the valve may have to be either repaired or replaced surgically. The aortic root is the thick base of the aorta where the aorta connects with the aortic valve.