Columbus observed cotton in the New World when he came to America. B.C. Weaving was an integral part of the culture in in Inca Empire in the 13th and 14th centuries. Cotton did not become a major crop, however, until 1794 when Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin. The invention of the cotton gin permitted cotton to be the basis of a one crop economy that was destroyed by the boll weevil about 1900. Since that time, agriculture has diversified greatly in the South.
All cottons are perennials in nature, but an annual habit has been selected.
Cotton is usually defoliated before harvest today. Cotton fibers are then processed extensively. The fibers are carded, and twisted into slivers. After being woven, the fabrics are treated with ammonia to reduce shrinkage on washing. Permanent press fabrics now decrease the need for ironing.