As we think about the problem, we may see that there is a choice between two or more solutions which at first glance seem equally good. We also must define very clearly what our criteria are for judging what is a good or bad solution. A good path up the mountain for a man on foot may not be good for a horse, and even less so for a road for cars and trucks. The man may prefer a short steep path, where a car could get there faster on a long gently sloping route. Our way of thinking about problems and explaining them depends on our background and education.
Different cultures have their own sets of values and ways of explaining natural phenomena.
Even in science, schools of thought vary from one country to another, and it is not possible to say one is necessarily better than another. For instance, Chinese medicine is very different from French medicine or American medicine, yet each succeeds in curing many illnesses, and each can be enriched by learning from the experience of the other. This is an area that is closely tied to culture, language, and religion, among other fields that are beyond the scope of this training programme. For our purposes, what is important is that you think through clearly and carefully what the solutions or explanations might be in your own cultural context, so that you know what you are trying to test with the scientific method. Once you know precisely what you want to test, you can make measurements or experiments to prove or disprove your explanation or to establish the best choice.