As an infant becomes a toddler, a shift in attention occurs. The child is no longer indulged and is expected to begin assuming family responsibilities. Older siblings are involved in caring for the younger children. The family's structure is characterized by what might be called a benevolent authoritarianism. Elders, the kupuna, are respected for their wisdom and experience and are often the teachers of the children.
Children learn household tasks through observation and experience.
They learn to be unobtrusive since to do otherwise is to risk rebuff and punishment. Rewards and punishments in the family are often meted out to a group rather than to an individual. This fosters 2 primary strategies used by children to get along in the family, one, sibling cooperation and, two, conflict avoidance with adults. All these socialization practices underscore a predominant value pattern of affiliation. Generosity, hospitality, sharing, and reciprocity are also valued.