Since sperm counts may change daily, more than one sample may be needed. Sperm motility is the sperm's ability to swim progressively forward. Abnormally shaped sperm cannot fertilize an egg. The postcoital test, performed 12 to 18 hours after intercourse, is used to evaluate male infertility, in addition to and in some cases instead of a semen analysis. Couples with no male or cervical factor may have more than 100 motile sperm.
Antibody tests determine whether the man or woman produces antibodies to sperm.
Antibodies in blood, cervical mucus, or seminal fluid, may react to sperm as invaders and destroy or immobilize them. The Man's Treatment Treating Infection Infections of the reproductive tract affecting fertility can usually be treated with antibiotics. Improving Sperm Concentration Sperm washing concentrates the more active sperm, which can then be inseminated into the woman. Fertility problems related to varicoceles, ductal obstructions, or ejaculation can usually be treated. If a man chooses to reverse a vasectomy, the procedure itself is usually successful, but fertility may not be restored.