But the landlord cannot apply the security deposit to normal wear and tear. Normal wear and tear includes deterioration of the premises that occurs during normal conditions. For example, paint may fade, electrical switches may wear out and break, pull strings on blinds may fray or break , carpet and tile may wear down. These things happen even if the tenant cleans regularly and cares for the premises reasonably.
Damage can include extreme build up of dirt, mold, etc., stains on carpets, and broken windows.
Even intentional alterations to the premises are considered damage. For example, the tenant cannot leave large holes in the walls from shelving or hanging pictures , and cannot repaint the walls to significantly change the color. If a tenant w ants to make changes to the premises that will remain after the tenant moves out, the tenant should do so only with the landlord's written permission. The parties can , and in some state must, take steps to avoid disputes over damage. At the beginning of the lease term, the tenant should inspect the premises thoroughly and note all problems in writing on an inspection check list .