Tapes with binder hydrolysis are in the process of self-destruction and can stick in the machine during playback, causing additional damage. These terms refer to irregularities in the way the tape is wound onto the hub and are indications of improper handling, storage or a badly set up machine. Spoking shows up as a pattern radiating out from the hub and is the result of improper tension. Popped strands and stepped pack refer to individual or groups of tape wraps that stick up from the edge of the pack. Windows are gaps in the tape pack caused by the tape becoming loose on the hub and often indicate a place where the tape has folded back over on itself.
Any visible contamination is an indication of poor storage or handling.
Particulate contamination can block the signal during playback and can scratch both the tape and the playback heads. Liquid contamination will accelerate tape decay and can often result in tape wraps sticking together. These symptoms, caused by a variety of conditions, indicate that the tape is beginning to break down.