They have a more pronounced large intestine. In herbivorous types, the large intestine can act as a site for microbial digestion, as in hindgut fermenters. As with amphibians, reptiles possess a cloaca, which functions as described above. Reptiles also possess kidneys that are more efficient than those of reptiles, but still less efficient than in higher animals. D. Avians With birds, we begin to see real evidence of compartmentalization of storage and gastric organs.
Birds also have a distinct large intestine and a cloaca.
Well developed kidneys are evident, although they still lack the efficiency of mammalian kidneys. E. Mammals Mammals demonstrate much diversity of stomach types 1. The stomachs of many other non-ruminant foregut fermenters are also compartmentalized but rumination does not occur. They rely little if at all on their stomachs for complete fiber digestion. Omnivores and Carnivores also have simple stomachs, similar to those seen in hindgut fermenters.