An abstrac t is a summary of an article or a book. It covers major points, summarizes major arguments, informs the subject of research and research methodology, and poses questions for further research. A citation provides publication information of an article or book. Presents qualitative findings of a 4-year study of 150 poor, urban adult African American men who are noncustodial fathers. Scholarly journals publish articles that communicate recent research results in a field of study.
Authors conduct thorough literature review and research prior to writing articles.
Articles are submitted to an editorial board and are critically evaluated via the peer review process before they are accepted for publication. Scholarly articles document their research and invariably include a list of references at the end of the article. Professional organizations, academic presses, and commercial publishers are the most prolific publishers of scholarly journals. General interest magazines contain articles on a wide range of topics. Instead of focusing on an academic and scholarly community as scholarly journals do, general interest magazines intend to attract general readers and cover articles of varied interests.