The best treatment for heart failure is prevention or early reversal of the underlying cause. But even when prevention or early reversal isn't possible, major advances in treatment can prolong life and improve the quality of life for people with heart failure. Fluid reduction decreases the volume of blood entering the heart and so reduces the amount of work the heart has to do. Diuretics are most commonly taken by mouth on a long-term basis, but in an emergency they are very effective given intravenously. Because certain diuretics can cause an undesired loss of the body's potassium, a potassium supplement or a potassium-sparing diuretic may be given as well.
Digoxin increases the power of each heartbeat and slows a heart rate that's too rapid.
A vasodilator may dilate arteries, veins, or both. Arterial dilators expand arteries and lower blood pressure, which in turn reduces the work required of the heart. Venous dilators expand the veins, providing more room for the blood that has accumulated and is unable to enter the right side of the heart. This extra room relieves congestion and reduces the load on the heart. These drugs not only improve symptoms but also prolong life.