Instead some basic issues and problems faced by conservators will be discussed for instance the problem of conversion of papers with short fibers or with high ligin content into more durable ones, or how to make acidic inks like iron gall ink or verdigris pigment passive. Fungus which is one of the most important factors of deterioration poses many problems. Suitable methods of climate control need to be found out, effective fumigation techniques, removal of fungal stains and above all how to tackle with the problem of foxing. Another question is how safe is bleaching. However, simple conservation techniques cannot be applied for cleaning certain pigments like gaugoli or lac dye.
Acidity is one of the worst enemy of paper which can be removed by de-acidification.
But how successful we are to provide methods, which are fully satisfactory. Chemical reinforcement still needs introduction in India as we rely on mechanical reinforcement. Lamination with cellulose acetate is no more used. Leaf casting is a recent innovation and needs more attention. Another recent development is digital image analysis.