The neural coding of loudness. Note that this is the perceptual quality that distinguishes sounds of the same pitch and loudness. In most normal environments, there are multiple sound sources, and the sound waves generated by the different sources sum together to produce a single, time-varying sound wave at each ear drum. Yet rather than hearing a single source with that complex spectrum we are able to segregate the wave form into the components associated with the different objects that make up the acoustic scene. Bregman and his colleagues have described some of the mechanisms of perceptual organization that are involved in this process.
Different cues provide information on location in the different dimensions.
These differences in the time of arrival and intensity at the two ears arise from the fact that the two ears are separated by the head. However, there are major species differences not only in the frequency range of hearing but also in sound localization ability. The use of echoes to detect and locate objects. Personal guidance systems based on auditory information. Our recognition of those sources depends on previous experience and stored information.