You will start with a given formula. The general strategy is to start with a simple problem that can be solved easily. From the learning set we create a dichotmous key. A key is used by biologists all the time. It is an organized set of questions that can be answered by a yes or no answer.
Dichotomous keys lend themselves to representing thought processes by flowchart.
The categories are best described by creating a naming system. In biology one naming system is based on the one described by Linneus. Given the daunting task of remembering so many different compounds, chemists have devised an elaborate classification scheme to place them in logical groups or classes. The geometric arrangement of atoms in the molecule. A well-trained chemist can develop a rather complete image of a compound and predict many of its properties from a knowledge of how it is classified within each of the four categories above.