Palpable mass, hypertension, abdominal or back pain, hematuria, and urinary tract infection are common. Massively enlarged kidneys may compress or displace other organs, producing digestive symptoms. Complications include hemorrhage, stone formation, cyst rupture, and obstruction. Bilateral renal enlargement due to cysts of various sizes, lined by cuboidal to flat epithelium. The cysts arise from any part of the nephron and the collecting duct, and are randomly scattered within cortex and medulla.
Cysts contain clear fluid or hemorrhagic material.
The surrounding parenchyma is compressed, eventually atrophies, and is replaced by the cysts and fibrosis. Cyst wall calcification and urolithiasis common. Miscellaneous Transmission is autosomal dominant, males and females affected equally. Possible increased risk of renal cell carcinoma. Imaging Radiographs may demonstrate the enlarged kidneys as soft tissue masses, displacing other abdominal organs.