In some cases the defect may be so large that it results in a smaller or even absent eye rather than simple coloboma. These problems may cause a range of difficulties which include blindness, low vision, loss of visual field, a need to wear glasses, difficulty coping with bright light, and sometimes a risk of further eye problems such as retinal detachment. A Atresia of the Choanae One or both of the nasal passages may be blocked or unusually narrow at birth. Sometimes repeated surgeries may be needed to open and maintain these passages. G Genital anomalies These affect the external genitalia and so are only easily identifiable in males.
Common problems are undescended testicles or small penis.
E Ear anomalies The external, middle, and inner ear may be affected and common problems include hearing loss, fusing of the bones in the middle ear, chronic fluid build-up in the middle ear, narrow or missing ear canal, and abnormally shaped extarnal ears. These anomalies can get better or worse over time and the impact they may have can also vary. Treating one aspect of the condition without taking into account how this affects, and is affected by, other aspects of the condition may well reduce the efficacy of that treatment. This characteristic gait is thought to result from a combination of balance problems, visual impairment, and poor muscle tone. This is common and may make atresia of the choanae, if present, difficult to diagnose.