Economic downturns in the early 1980s caused problems in the district's smaller, industrial cities. Kokomo, as the site where gasoline-powered cars and stainless steel were invented, has become known as a site for manufacturing innovation. The auto industry and other manufacturing still drive the city's economy, but the mid-1990s closure of Grissom Air Force Base near Kokomo presented some challenges. The district steadied as Grissom was converted to a combination reserve base, air refueling depot, prison and private office complex. The 5th's residents are willing to vote a split ticket but are rooted in Midwestern conservatism.
Democrats receive most of their support in local and state races.
Working-class communities in Logansport, Wabash and Kokomo and mining towns in Vermillion County, on the Illinois border, provide consistent Democratic support.