Tetracyclines, which are active against a wide range of bacteria and other organisms, are thought to prevent production of proteins in the invading bacterial cells. The tetracyclines include tetracycline and doxycycline. Side effects of therapy may include gastrointestinal irritation, sensitivity of the skin to sunlight, and liver and kidney injury. This group of drugs should not be administered during the last four to five months of pregnancy, nor should it be given to children before the age of eight years. Permanent discoloration of developing teeth may result.
Cephalosporins are antibiotics active against a wide range of bacteria.
Like penicillins, they interfere with bacterial cell wall formation. Side effects include rashes and fever. Sometimes, persons allergic to penicillins will also be allergic to cephalosporins. Fluoroquinolones are the most recently introduced class of antibiotics. They are well absorbed orally, have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and are quite safe.