On sunny days pigeons go west, on cloudy days they go north. Still not resolved. Pigeons can hear them and meteorologists have shown that shown that such sounds produced by storm systems travel hundreds or thousands of miles. Topography of the earth provides a myriad of acoustical signals. Mountains, forests and rivers hum and sing as the wind passes over them and each feature has its own particular sound.
Birds learn to associate odors with wind direction.
Displaced birds could recognize their local odor as one which always came from the NE at home and fly SW to get there. There are many questionable experiments to determine this. Birds were raised in lofts where an olive oil odor was always blown in by a fan from the same direction. Turpentine was blown from a different direction. Now a drop of one of the odors was placed on the beak of the bird and the bird released.