If two devices transmit at once, a collision occurs and is detected by all colliding devices.
Collisions delay retransmission for a random length of time.
IEEE 802.3 - IEEE LAN protocol that specifies an implementation of the physical layer and the MAC sublayer of the data link layer. Network congestion due to increased bandwidth demands from multimedia applications such as video and the Internet. Delay between the time a device requests access to a network and the time it is granted permission to transmit. Delay between the time when a device receives a frame and the time that frame is forwarded out the destination port. Repeater - Layer 1 device that regenerates and propagates electrical signals between two network segments.