Coarse textured soils such as sand and loamy sand lack the water holding capacity needed in a pecan orchard. Medium textured soils are recommended. However, soil fertility does not have to be excellent because nutrients can be supplied by fertilizers. Deep soils with medium texture, ranging from silt loam to sandy clay loam, are satisfactory. These soil types will also have a good nutrient-holding capacity, and will retain fertilizer better, features lacking in coarse textured soils.
Cold air travels like water, flowing down and away from sloping land.
Select a site that permits free and easy air movement. Cold air settles in low spots and can also be trapped by barriers, which can result in both early and late freeze damage. Money will be saved on irrigation and cultural practices and harvest can be performed easily. If there are frequent early freezes in the fall or late freezes in the spring, as well as hail storm possibilities, the area is not suitable for establishing pecan orchards. Adequate supply of good quality water is a must in New Mexico when selecting the pecan orchard site.