The pignut hickory is a medium to large, upland tree occurring plentifully in all parts of the state. It has a tapering trunk and a narrow, oval head. Mature bark is closely held, ridged, and dark gray but occasionally is rough and flaky. The twigs are thin, smooth, and glossy brown. The polished, brown winter buds are egg-shaped.
Branches are stout and coarse.
The outer, reddish-brown scales fall in the autumn. Overwintering buds have overlapping scales. Leaf scars are large and circular. Leaflets are borne in an odd-pinnate pattern. Fall color is a golden yellow.