Since management strategies vary from location to location, a local specialist should be consulted for specific strategies, and for cultivar and pesticide recommendations. High quality, certified seed reduces the possibility of introducing pathogens into a field, and also produces vigorous seedlings that sustain less seed decay and seedling disease. Seed treatments are inexpensive and effective. This will promote rapid seedling emergence and vigorous seedling growth, and help the seedling escape seed decay and seedling disease. Many pathogens survive between cropping seasons on crop debris.
Continuous culture allows the pathogens to perpetuate and multiply.
Rotation will reduce the survival and increase of pathogens within the field. Pathogens survive between planting seasons on plant debris. Deep plowing will physically remove debris from the plant and also hastens decay. As the debris decays, the pathogens will die out. Plant resistance is the most efficient and least expensive management practice.