We also don't know if it can affect pregnancy or cause birth defects. The Environmental Protection Agency has determined that N-nitrosodiphenylamine is a probable human carcinogen. There is no evidence that it causes bladder cancer in people. Although EPA has classified N-nitrosodiphenylamine as a probable carcinogen, the animal data are limited. Other public health agencies have concluded that no evaluation of N-nitrosodiphenylamine's carcinogenicity in people is currently possible.
Additional research is needed.
No tests are available to determine if you have been exposed to N-nitrosodiphenylamine. There are tests to detect N-nitrosodiphenylamine and its breakdown products in the blood and urine of exposed animals, but these tests have not been used for people. One nanogram is one billionth of a gram. At this level, EPA estimates that your risk of getting cancer is very low. One microgram is one millionth of a gram.