Rates of effectiveness are for one year of use. Periodic abstinence Periodic abstinence, also called fertility awareness , is a natural means of contraception because it relies on natural signs of the woman's fertile cycle. The method is based on avoidance of sexual intercourse during the seven days prior to and including ovulation, as well as the day after. A woman considering periodic abstinence as contraception should make certain that she fully understands the technique and asks questions of her health care provider if something is not clear to her. All women who learn methods of calculating their own fertile days can use this information to support other means of contraception, or even to improve chance of pregnancy if desired.
Abstinence has no side effects or health risks.
Fresh spermicide must be re-applied for additional acts of coitus. Spermicides used together with various barrier devices are more effective than either spermicide or barrier alone. Sponge contraceptives are thoroughly moistened and inserted into the vagina hours before intercourse and left in place for 6 to 24 hours. Sponge placement must be checked to ensure that the cervix is entirely covered. As with all products containing spermicide, the sponge may cause some irritation in either sexual partner.