Lead in gasoline also contributes to fine-particulate emissions. Pollution abatement in the transport sector, therefore, is likely to be a key part of most urban air-quality management strategies. The paper also notes that it is important to recognize the complex interactions among transport policy, fuel and vehicle fiscal policies, fuel quality, and vehicle technology-interactions that affect vehicle emissions and, ultimately, air quality and human health. To be cost-effective, a strategy aimed at curbing transport emissions should not focus primarily on one or two of these factors, but rather should integrate several instruments. Policies undertaken in various sectors often have close linkages and should be coordinated and harmonized to achieve optimal results.
Coordination is especially important for policies targeting vehicle technology and fuel quality.