Strong Castles - basis of security. Allenby's troops in Jerusalem. Certainly throughout the Middle Ages. Once the idea got going it became an accepted part of medieval ideology. Only very late on did criticism start.
Crusade defines much of European activity for the high middle ages.
The crusades have also been seen as the first phase of European expansionism. This is the theme I want to explore in this class. Both by looking at the future of the Crusades to the Holy Land, and at other European Crusades In Spain, Eastern Europe and strangely enough in France. The Second Crusade 1146-8 1. Fall of Edessa 2.