A useful reference is the European Commission's Guide to the implementation of directives based on the New Approach and Global Approach . It may be downloaded from here . Top of this page 8. CE marking is part of the process of declaration of conformity under a class of Union directive called 'new approach'. See answer to 7.
Certification is independent, third party verification paid for by the manufacturer.
Top of this page 9. Top of this page 10. Not from us. For pharmaceuticals go here Top of this page 11. This is not within CEN's powers.