Operating systems are something that advanced programers should be formilar with. For debugging purposes a systems analyst will have to be able to have basic knowledge of the system used, including the command line commands. Linux is becoming increasingly popular in use. Linux is very similar to other Unix operating systems, which has historically been used quite often for these kinds of programs. Various methods of using a database exist for various languages.
Different languages support databases in different ways.
For example Perl uses a database driver, to handle them internally of the interpreter. In perl the programmer needs very little knowledge to use a data base. SQL is intended to be used by various programing languages and may be found in other server side implementations. For example almost all server side programs will interact with Apache or some kind of a webserver. However there are occasionally issues that programers need to know about, such as configuring the server to prepend an http header to the beginning of the output.