Second, if we grant Russell's solution by granting immortality to Shandy, then it would appear that the problem is merely extended instead of solved. In other words, there is no reason to adhere to an actual infinite via successive addition by simply pushing back the length of the task to the time of the task. At this point it would be absurd to respond by suggesting that such an achievement is based on finite time because the argument now concerns time itself. Therefore, it would be question-begging to merely extend the problem. These reasons constitute evidence as to why an actual infinite cannot truly be achieved by successive addition.
Astronomical observations demonstrate that the universe began to exist.
In 1929, Edwin Hubble made a remarkable discovery. This means that the light observed in the light spectrum of those galaxies is shifted toward the red end of the spectrum. This means that since all galaxies are receding away from us in all directions equally then, if we were to go back into time, we would eventually come to a point where all physical mass would be concentrated at a single point. This point is called the singularity. All technical calculations aside, astronomers and astrophysicists are confident that their calculations of the expansion rate of the universe and the distance of galaxies suggest that the universe must have begun to exist about 15 to 20 billion years ago.