It disables some of our most important personal and collective resources to accomplish adaptive work. If we think people are not enlightened to exercise control, the remedy is not to take it from them, but to inform their discretion. 2.Keep the level of distress within a tolerable range for doing adaptive work. Give the work back to the people, but at a rate they can stand. Protect voices of leadership without authority.
Authority constrains leadership because in times of distress people expect to much.
They form inappropriate dependencies that isolates their authorities behind a mask of knowing. The scarcity of leadership from people of authority makes it all more critical to have people exercise leadership without authority. Can focus on a single issue. It places one on the frontline of experience and information. Knowing how hard to push and when to let up are central to leadership.