As an example, the oblateness of the sun is caused by its rotation and is not affected by its motion through space in the galaxy. In the formation of the neutron from positrons and electrons, the fact appears that the radius of the group is smaller than the radius of any one of its units. In fact, the neutron radius is inversely proportional to the number of elementary particles in the ring. The law of conservation of spin with the accumulation of particles requires that the radius of the group is reduced as each particle is added. The same fact applies to the photon in the sense that the more energetic the photon, the smaller the size.
All photons have half-integral spin.
We observe that the neutron must exist in a state of extreme compression. The quantum energy radius for the electron at rest is 3.86 x 10 -11 cm. The radius of the neutron by calculation is 1.45 x 10 -13 cm. We conclude that in the process of disrupting a neutron back to its original positrons and electrons in the free state, the volume increases by a factor in excess of ten billion. In analogy with the general gas laws, expansion against forces of cohesion is a cooling process.