States and their internal divisions have followed various principles in establishing these boundaries. This chart compares several theories of boundary selection, including the spoils system, the nation state, formation of military frontiers, and recognition of bioregions. A bibliography is being compiled.
Boundaries follow path of minimum population.
Minimizes transport cost. Minimizes frontier population. Promotes statistical integrity Invisible. Substantial effect in rural regions. Canada Malaysia Germany Ukraine Saudi Arabia Missouri New Jersey Throughout history.