The child with otitis media does not always show signs such as fever, irritability, tender ears, reddened ears, etc. Eustachian tube dysfunction is a significant factor in the development of otitis media. The purpose of the Eustachian tube is to equalize the pressure on both sides of the ear drum and provide ventilation to the middle ear space. When it does not work properly, the air is trapped in the middle ear space. This air is absorbed and fluid results.
Age plays a factor in the development of otitis media.
At birth, the eustachian tube is in a horizontal position and it is wider and shorter. During the first few years of life it begins to extend downward allowing for easier drainage. Therefore, otitis media is most common during the first 2 years of life. Inflammation of the nasal end of the eustachian tube may produce swelling, thus impairing its function. Allergies have also been known to cause otitis media.