Different battery types will provide the designer with different energy and power capacities per a given weight or volume. These ratings reveal how much power or energy the battery will provide per given weight or volume. Energy density is a measure of how much energy can be extracted from a battery per unit of battery weight or volume. Power density is a measure of how much power can be extracted from a battery per unit of battery weight or volume. In an analogy to a car's fuel system, the energy density is analogous to the size of the fuel tank and the power density is analogous to the octane of the fuel.
Batteries work best within a limited temperature range.
At temperatures above 125 F, lead-acid batteries will be damaged and, consequently, their life shortened. Batteries can also freeze. When the water in a battery freezes it expands and can cause unrepairable damage to the cells. In a low SOC state, lead crystals that are formed during discharge can become so large that they resist being dissolved during the recharge process. This prevents the battery from being recharged.