This is conception. This is how music is composed. Intervals are the basis of harmony. All chords are based on intervals, usually the same intervals used in corresponding melodies - but not necessarily. Rules are meant to be broken and many great composers and improvisers break those rules.
Chords share many of the same characteristics of intervals.
Major, minor, augmented, diminished and so forth. Fortunately, we do not speak of a fourteenth or twenty second chord so this is also a finite study. The important point to remember is that these are sounds and sounds can be memorized. Many try to look at a chord sheet and are daunted at the prospect of attempting to learn a sequence visually. This will not work.