Like good scouts, microsystems will search for signs of deterioration and immediately alert utilities of irregularities. With sophisticated software, they could also reroute power to avoid blackouts. Roman envisions inexpensive devices that work non-stop to make the grid more reliable and efficient. A MEMS acoustic sensor will eavesdrop on transformers, reporting if it detects signs of deterioration in oil that insulates electrical parts. The plug-size device will fit into an existing hole in the transformer, listening for a characteristic signal from arcing, which is the flash emitted when current jumps from its course.
Arcs occur when the oil breaks down or is contaminated.
Intermittent arcing can go on for years, sapping the system of energy. Intense arcing can cause outages and possibly widespread damage to the grid infrastructure. There are also other repercussions. NJIT is designing the acoustic sensor using its MEMS expertise. NJIT and PSEG helped form a consortium with the state of New Jersey and other utilities and universities to promote energy research and development.