Animal studies demonstrate that estrogen in oral contraceptives actually decreases the size of atherosclerotic plaques. In humans, past users have no higher rates of myocardial infarction than nonusers, and Effects on Liver and Gallbladder Sex steroids, especially estrogen, increase hepatic protein synthesis. Increased production of sex hormone-binding globulin can be very helpful in reducing circulating free androgens in women who have acne or hirsutism. However, most of these same women were misinformed about pill use. Even more disturbing are the results of surveys conducted by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists showing that nearly two thirds of Americans believe that oral contraceptives are at least as hazardous to a woman's health as pregnancy.
Cancer is their primary concern.
Pills provide many important benefits that are important to young women, including decreased acne, menstrual regulation, and decreased dysmenorrhea. One is a T-shaped plastic IUD with copper wire wrapped around the stem and a solid copper sleeve on each of its arms. Recent studies show that it is effective for at least 12 years. These rates compare favorably to the failure rate of sterilization, particularly in unprotected intercourse. Effects and Complications Both types of IUDs affect menstruation.