Adults or children with cancer, with impaired immune systems or on immunosuppressive therapy are at higher risk for contracting chickenpox or, if they have had chickenpox before, of a recurrence of the virus as herpes zoster or shingles. Chickenpox is usually diagnosed on the basis of the signs and symptoms described above. Rarely, laboratory tests may be done to confirm a diagnosis. The focus of treatment for most people is to control the intense itching of the rash and reduce any fever. Antihistamines, such as Benadryl or Atarax, are good for itching.
Calamine lotion is a topical agent which can alleviate the itch.
Acetaminophen may help with both itching and fever. Aspirin should not be used to reduce fever, especially in children, because of the risk of Reye's Syndrome. Acyclovir, among other antiviral agents, has been shown to be effective against the chickenpox virus if taken within the first 48 hours. It has been shown to shorten the course of the disease. The standard of bed rest and plenty of fluids is the main treatment for chickenpox.