Alligators have several adaptations for living near water, marshes, rivers and estuaries. Their eyes and nostrils are set high on the head. They can still see and breath as they remain almost completely submerged. They have membranes and fleshy valves which protect the eyes and close ears, nostrils, and trachea when they are underwater. The tail is laterally compressed, making alligators powerful swimmers.
Alligators lay eggs and the females exhibit advanced parental care.
Females build large nests of vegetation. The rotting material maintains a temperature of 86-89 degrees to incubate the eggs. Incubation lasts approximately ten weeks. The incubation temperature is what determines the sex of the offspring. After laying up to forty eggs the female remains near the nest.