The chances of recovering investment are low since resistance can develop at any time. We must work to create an environment in which new antibiotics can be developed and marketed, and where new input can be gained. The Impact of Resistance Today The history of penicillin illustrates how rapidly resistance can develop. Penicillin was discovered in 1928 and introduced in 1942. In 50 years, an antibiotic has become ineffective in a context where it was once exquisitely powerful.
Antibiotic resistance is a genetic phenomenon.
Once it is present, it can spread to other bacteria. This is very important to remember in studying human and animal resistance and the potential interaction. Resistance of Salmonella typhimirium, a zoonotic infection, has shown similar evolution in both pigs and humans in The Netherlands. WHO and OIE are focusing on surveillance of bacteria in animal populations. The field of horticulture also makes use of antibiotics.