Fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others. Self-serving bias refers to the tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors. C. Frequently used shortcuts in judging others. There are five shortcuts we might take in judging others. Selectivity refers to the process by which people assimilate certain bits and pieces of what they observe, depending on their interests, background, and attitudes.
Assumed similarity is the belief that others are like oneself.
Stereotyping refers to judging a person on the basis of one's perception of a group to which he or she belongs. Halo effect refers to a general impression of an individual based on a single characteristic. D. Implications for managers. Managers need to recognize that their employees react to perceptions, not reality. Learning is defined as any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience.