Regulations and Rights As explained, the responsibility for administering the immigration laws of the United States is shared. Practitioners must therefore consult the regulations of more than one agency for relevant procedures and interpretations in resolving many immigration issues. Sources of required reference material include the INS's Examinations Handbook and Operations Instructions, the State Department's Foreign Affairs Manual, and the DOL's Technical Assistance Guide and Dictionary of Occupational Titles. In addition, the INS, DOL, and Board of Immigration Appeals also publish administrative decisions, as does the Office of the Chief Administrative Officer for decisions under the employer sanctions and unfair immigration-related employment practices laws. Some of the decisions by these bodies are selected and designated as precedent.
Constitutional issues are also prominent in the field of immigration and nationality.
Litigation of aliens' rights to enter and remain in the United States, remain free of detention, attend school, and receive benefits have been subject to a long history of case law. Today, new issues abound on detention and bond eligibility, retroactivity of criminal violations, restrictions to judicial review, and expedited removal.