A biopsy is taken. A 56 year old male has had a chronic cough for many years, but in the past few days has noticed that the sputum contains streaks of blood. He has also gained about 10 kg in the past two months, mostly evident as truncal obesity. On physical examination, you palpate firm, enlarged lymph nodes in the cervical region. His liver also seems to be enlarged.
Abdominal striae are present and the abdomen is enlarged, but without a fluid wave.
Name the ways that tumors can spread. A 21 year old male is found to have a positive stool guaiac from rectal examination during a routine physical. Discuss oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. A 49 year old female has been bothered by headaches for several months. She also has difficulty hearing on the left.