The field of psychology encompasses both research , through which we learn fundamental things about human and animal behavior, and practice , through which that knowledge is applied in helping to solve human problems. Indeed, one of psychology's most unique and important characteristics is its coupling of science and practice, which stimulates continual advancement of both. Clinical psychologists assess and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. These range from short-term crises, such as difficulties resulting from adolescent rebellion, to more severe, chronic conditions such as schizophrenia. Some clinical psychologists treat specific problems exclusively, such as phobias or clinical depression.
Counseling psychologists help people to accommodate to change or to make changes in their lifestyle.
For example, they provide vocational and career assessment and guidance or help someone come to terms with the death of a loved one. They help students adjust to college, and people to stop smoking or overeating. They also consult with physicians on physical problems that have underlying psychological causes. Developmental psychologists study the psychological development of the human being that takes place throughout life. Until recently, the primary focus was on childhood and adolescence, the most formative years.