By Laurence R. Helfer Anne-Marie Slaughter, Yale Law Journal, November 1997, vol. In the case of the European Union member states, for example, each country has its own codified and case-law bases for exercise of jurisdiction. For the first time in its history, the Court clearly ruled that the doctrine of equivalents exists in Japan and laid out specific rules for applying this doctrine. The article helps potential users to focus on those issues in selecting or agreeing to the selection of any particular set of arbitration rules for an international contract. Forum Selection in Maritime Bills of Lading , by Valerie Drogus Hastings International and Comparative Law Review University of California, Hastings, Spring 1998, vol.
Courts face difficult issues in determining the validity of maritime forum selection clauses.