Competition is often regulated by the instructor and groups are not initiated independently by the students. Students are in the subordinate role of the learner under a professional educator and are not generally included in leadership capacities. The primary measure of success in physical education classes are grades based on class criteria assigned by the instructor. Intercollegiate athletics limits participation to only the most highly skilled competitors and promotes specialization in a particular sport. The issue of gender equity in intercollegiate athletics continues to be an area of concern, requiring special attention to ensure it is achieved and then maintained.
Competition is governed by an extensive set of academic and eligibility rules.
Athletics directs energy to bringing a small number of students to campus to pursue college sports careers relying professionals as coaches, trainers, advisors, managers, maintenance staff, ticket managers and media coordinators to execute all the management functions. Success is measured primarily by competitive athletic record. Staff Selection Staffing selection for each of the programs is based on educational and administrative preparation. There are curricula, certifications, management schools, professional associations, state, regional and national meetings, and development activities specific to each profession. Recreational sports focuses on individuals possessing a strong service orientation and respect for individuals of all skill levels.