Currently, Thailand has no law that specifically addresses multimodal transport. The following is an example to illustrate how the liability and limitation of liability of the carrier are decided under existing Thai law in the multimodal transport context. A wheel of Dutch cheese is shipped in a refrigerated container from Rotterdam to Bangkok by sea and in Thailand, from Bangkok to Chiang Mai by truck.
All transportation is based upon a single contract.
If the cheese were flown from Amsterdam to Chiang Mai or from Bangkok to Chiang Mai and it suffered damage in the air or within the grounds of an airport, the Thai court would apply the general provisions regarding liability and limitation of liability on the carriage of goods in the CCC, as there is no specific Thai law on carriage of goods by air. The carrier is therefore liable for the full amount of loss, damage, or delay suffered by the consignee. The goods are deemed to be in the charge of the carrier from the time he has received the goods at the port of loading from the shipper or the shipper's agent or from an authority or any other person to whom, under the law or regulations applicable at the port of loading, the goods for shipment must be handed over, until the time he has delivered the goods at the port or place of destination. The exclusions of liability of the carrier are similar to the exclusions of the carrier's liability provided for in the Hague Visby Rules. The carrier is not liable for loss, damage or delay in delivery caused by fire unless the claimant can prove that the fire arose from fault or neglect on the part of the carrier or his servants or agents.