Following ingestion, the GI tract is the earliest and most commonly affected organ system. Once absorbed, fluoride binds calcium ions and may lead to hypocalcemia. Seizures may result from both hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia. Severe fluoride toxicity will result in multiorgan failure. Central vasomotor depression as well as direct cardiotoxicity also may occur.
Death usually results from respiratory paralysis, dysrhythmia, or cardiac failure.
Adults usually have intentional exposures. Determine the exact nature and time of exposure or ingestion. Query patient, bystanders, paramedics, and family members regarding specifics of exposure or ingestion. To obtain the exact name of the product and how much was ingested is extremely important. This fluoride formulation has low solubility and is generally nontoxic.