Other more complicated operations may also be performed using the laparoscope. If the exploratory or diagnostic procedure indicates that further surgery is necessary this may be performed immediately so as to avoid a return to theatre and another anaesthetic. This generally will have been discussed beforehand. A general anaesthetic is then given. A small cut is made in the navel and the laparoscope is inserted.
Carbon dioxide is introduced to make a space so the pelvic organs can be seen.
If required, further instruments may be inserted through small incisions usually near the pubic hair line. These instruments may be used for a surgical procedure such as sterilisation or to move the pelvic organs for a clearer view. When the instruments are removed, the carbon dioxide gas is released and a stitch may be put in each of the small incisions. No surgery is without risk, but the risks associated with laparoscopy are small. Complications such as bleeding within the abdomen or damage to the bowel or adjacent organs occur rarely.