Crucial modules include soil water balance, residues, and soil temperature. Soil water balance . Tillage affects ponding capacity of the soil, the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the macropores or rate of infiltration, and bulk density of the tilled layers. These parameters approach a settled value with time. Rate of settlement is a function of the amount of energy estimated from rainfall intensity.
Daily rainfall is disaggregated into shorter period intensities.
Water is allowed to pond at the surface and crop residues can store water as well. Runoff occurs only when ponding capacity is exceeded. Furthermore, it affects the depth of incorporation and distribution of the residues within the tilled layers. Residues also affect soil water evaporation, i.e., soil water is evaporated first from the residues until they are dry and then from the soil. Soil temperature .