Sequences of a few nitrogenous bases in certain orders code for amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids from which proteins are composed. Chromosomes contain our DNA or genetic makeup. An easy way to understand DNA is to think of it as the blueprints of our body. DNA is divided into chunks called genes.
Different genes contain the blueprints for different organs, bones, blood vessels, etc.
In other words, the sperm and the ovum each contain 23 chromosomes. The sperm and the ovum, known as gametes, are also called haploid cells because they contain only half of the genetic material required to make a person. The zygote undergoes many divisions and transformations to eventually grow into a person. Therefore, you'll inherit two chromosomes, each with a gene determining what your eyes, hair, or any characteristic will be like. The chromosomes from each parent encoding corresponding body parts line up and combine to give you the traits you have.