Diplomacy, however, has also changed dramatically during the past century. These changes reflect the changes in the international system and in domestic political processes. Some of the changes have been beneficial, but others have had negative consequences. At the least, diplomacy has become more complex with the proliferation of actors and options. It has also become more vital, given the possible consequences should it fail.
Diplomacy is a communication process that has three main elements.
The first is negotiating through direct or indirect discussions between two or more countries. The second is signaling. The third is public diplomacy. Good diplomacy is an art, but it is not totally freestyle, and there are general rules that increase the chances for diplomatic success. Among the cautions are to be realistic, to be careful about what you say, to seek common ground, to try to understand the other side, to be patient, and to leave open avenues of retreat.