Based on observation and analysis, they attempt to discover the laws that describe the forces of nature. These include electromagnetism, nuclear interactions, and gravity. They also find ways to apply physical theories and laws to problems in many areas. These include electronics, materials, aerospace technology, navigation equipment, communications, and nuclear energy. Most physicists do experimental research either to increase scientific knowledge or to develop new products or equipment.
Basic researchers try to find answers to fundamental questions.
Applied researchers take the results and search for solutions to practical problems. They develop new products, processes, and devices. For instance, basic research in solid-state physics led to the development of transistors, then to the integrated circuits used in computers. Theoretical researchers develop mathematical models that try to explain the laws and forces of nature. Physicists use computers to control experiments, make calculations, and store and process research data.