Draw a picture if you wish. Enzymes made by the stomach and pancreas are critical for digestion of food materials in the digestive tract. Give examples of two such enzymes, one from the stomach, the other from the pancreas. For each enzyme, give its substrate and any special conditions needed for optimal performance of the enzyme. Describe two methods of determining the metabolic rate of an animal.
Allergic responses require allergen-specific IgE to be already present, bound to mast cells.
A prior exposure to allergen induces a slow B cell response that produces IgE specific for that allergen. Both types of white blood cells adhere to cells and release perforin plus granzyme. Perforin makes a hole in the target cell membrane and lets in granzyme. Granzyme, a protease, cleaves and activates zymogens in the cell to release caspases, proteases that trigger apoptosis. Caspases also trigger release of proteins from mitochondria which further activate apoptosis.