Care is used when expressing these liquids into the canal so chances of extra apical infusion is minimized. Drying is accomplished using appropriate length paper points. Old pulp exposures with necrotic or absent pulp will have little if any bleeding. A single spot of blood on a paper point is acceptable. Apical bleeding occurs from either apical perforation or inadequate pulp removal.
Apical perforation is determined by rechecking working lengths of the endodontic file with x-rays.
Incomplete pulp removal is determined when bleeding continues and endodontic file length is correct. If incomplete pulp removal is determined, reinstrumentation is performed until bleeding stops. On some occasions this can be time consuming. These are the common problems encountered in endodontic therapy. It is beyond the scope of this site to list all endodontic complications and their treatments.