Although socio-economic and environmental factors are important determinants of overall health, in some circumstances genetic endowment appears to predispose certain individuals to particular diseases or health problems. The effect of prenatal and early childhood experiences on subsequent health, well-being, coping skills and competence is very powerful. Health Services Health services, particularly those designed to maintain and promote health, to prevent disease, and to restore health and function, contribute to the population's health. Many health issues are a function of gender-based social status or roles. Measures to address gender inequality and gender bias within and beyond the health system improve population health.
Culture Belonging to a particular race or ethnic or cultural group influences population health.