Both of these problems are related to Eustachian tube dysfunction. As the name would suggest, ventilation tubes allow air to pass into the middle ear space. They functionally replace the dysfunctional Eustachian tubes, inasmuch as they allow air to pass into the middle ear space. Ventilation tubes are very small, about the size of a tomato seed. One popular style of tube is the bobbin , since it is shaped much like a sewing machine bobbin.
Air passes freely through the hole in the center of the bobbin.
There are always alternatives. Whether these alternatives are GOOD alternatives is quite another matter. Medications to improve Eustachian tube function. Antibiotics, antihistamines, nasal steroid sprays and other anti-allergy medications are all used from time to time for this purpose. Ask your doctor whether these are worthwhile alternatives for your child.