Antiviral drugs may find rapid application in the treatment for these conditions with the advent of suitable animal models in which to test efficacy. In addition, models will allow a greater understanding of why and to what degree infants and children are susceptible to ototoxic drugs used in the treatment of infections. Otitis media continues to be a significant focus of research because of its prevalence and cost to society. Important risk factors have been identified. Progress has been made toward defining the role that viruses may play in otitis media and the cellular and molecular changes that occur during viral and bacterial infection of the middle ear.
Balance disorders affect a large proportion of the population, particularly the elderly.
The vestibular system, with its receptor organs located in the inner ear, plays an important role in the maintenance of one's orientation in space, the control of balance while the body is immobile and in motion, and visual fixation of objects during head movement. Deficits in vestibular function result from diverse disease processes, including infection, trauma, toxicity, impaired blood supply, autoimmune disease, impaired metabolic function, and tumors. The genetic bases of several inherited cerebellar syndromes of imbalance and incoordination are currently being investigated. The Institute supports research to develop and refine tests of balance and vestibular function. Computer-controlled systems measuring eye movement and body postural responses activated by stimulating specific parts of the vestibular sense organ and nerve have been developed and validated for clinical use.