The contributions are accessible to advanced students who want to begin or advance their knowledge in a particular subject. Articles cover a subject in depth and contain relevant and necessary details of the established knowledge associated with it. The main part of the Article then describes the state of the art of the subject treated, in an increasing degree of detail, and tells an expert in a related field what they need to know about the subject of the Article. Such material will be of interest to all types of readership, not least to policy makers and forecasters of science and technology trends. Future directions for further in depth studies are highlighted in the form of a concluding section to the Article.
Articles contain the latest advances and results in the subject.
Relevant examples, such as brief case studies, are also included, as well as appropriate economic estimates. Articles do not generally contain detailed derivations of well-established fundamentals when these can be found in appropriate portions of Knowledge Foundations. The length of Articles is generally in the region of 5,000 - 10,000 words. Each Theme with its Topics and Articles may be regarded as a collection of about thirty chapters.