Protein is found in the urine along with white blood cells . Stones Kidney stones, also called renal calculi, are crystalline accumulations present in the pelvis of the kidney. They are usually composed of oxalates, phosphates, uric acid, and carbonates ranging in size from small granules to perhaps 2.5 cm in diameter. Sometimes, usually with uric acid stones, the calculi will fill the renal pelvis and is termed a staghorn calculi. Dehydration contributes to stone formation because of the saturation of certain substances in the urine.
Crystals form and grow into stones.
Blood may be seen in the urine due to the physical damage caused by the stone and intense pain that radiates from the back to the abdomen and groin may occur when the stone is passed. Renal Failure Renal failure, the inability of the kidneys to excrete waste products, occurs for various reasons and maybe acute or chronic in nature. Causes include surgery or trauma, pregnancy, various medical conditions, nephrotoxins, or irreversible conditions that diminish nephron function. Acute renal failure is most often due to a reduced blood volume or perfusion of the kidney. Infections, vascular disease, or damage to renal tissues may cause acute renal failure.