Finally, we present empirical evidence that informal social network resources play a distinct role in structuring access to such significant assets as housing. Little research has addressed how the institutional environment of a social movement organization constrains and compels the organization to extend its frame among potential adherents. Elaborating on the bargaining perspective and the concept of multiorganizational field, we develop market and political models of the impact of social movement dependence relations with movement antagonists and political opportunity on frame extension. We conclude with implications of the findings for future research on contemporary union decline and institutional and environmental influences on social movement frame-alignment processes. Political institutions constitute infrastructural resources that condition the instrumental resources of class actors and channel the effects of class mobilization.
Capitalists have systemic power by virtue of the state's dependence on private capital accumulation.
We use this theory to explain the direct economic intervention of state governments in the U.S. in creating public venture capital programs in the 1970s and 1980s. We highlight this history, present a theory about selective deprivatization in the past and present, and test for the current presence of religious privatization and deprivatization in the lives of Americans. Our results conclude that a significant minority of Americans resist individual-level privatization. They want religion to speak to social and political issues, and act accordingly. Among religious traditions, conservative movements such as evangelical Protestantism are the most publicly oriented, constituting a reversal of past generations.