The added energy causes the atoms to vibrate more rapidly, which we perceive as heat. Our planet is in a peculiar situation regarding heat. This heat slowly escapes through the Earth's crust. However, this by itself would not be enough to keep the surface of our planet warm. For warmth and light, and the active formation of life by plants, we require the energy received from the Sun.
Conduction is the way heat travels through an object.
When an object is heated, it will share its heat energy with everything around it until everything is at the same temperature. This is entropy - a gradual dispersement of everything to equality everywhere. If something hot is touching something less hot, heat energy will be transferred by conduction . Different materials conduct heat at different rates. Metals conduct heat well.