Similarly, in Kohlberg's scale of moral development, the most advanced stage involves this kind of 'higher conviction about what is right' . Gilligan argues this kind of conviction ought to emerge from a deep sense of compassion for others . If Gioia had really been able to put himself in the shoes of a parent whose child was driving a Pinto, as well as looking at the problem from Ford's perspective, he might have arrived at a better decision. Codes, like algorithms, are helpful. But codes cannot cover all possibilities, and must be tempered by compassion.
Creativity requires going beyond what is known.
Lyons and Kaelin were particularly well suited to do that, because of their previous experiences trying to make environmentally-intelligent decisions. Students need to be taken through a series of case dilemmas in order to get a vicarious version of the same experience. In the section that follows, I am going to describe the dilemmas we use for each of the cases we discussed in Chapter 4.