Acrylamide is an odorless powder that exists as white crystals. In this form the monomer is extremely dangerous because the dust can easily become airborne and enter the respiratory system. Apart from the respiratory irritation that may result, the monomer is readily absorbed through the mucus membranes into the blood stream. Direct contact with dissolved acrylamide may lead to an exfoliative, reddish rash and can also introduce the monomer into the circulation. Oral exposure is also considered a risk if the employee touches the face with a contaminated glove.
Acrylamide is a powerful central and peripheral nervous system toxicant.
Based upon a number of laboratory and epidemiological studies, the U.S. EPA has classified acrylamide as a probable human carcinogen. Although acrylamide is a very hazardous substance, it can still be used in a safe manner. All measuring, mixing, and handling of the acrylamide monomer should take place in a chemical fume hood while wearing latex gloves which extend over the cuffs of the lab coat. Wearing two layers of gloves is always an improvement over one layer. For this reason polymerized gels should be treated with the same caution as the monomer.