Because they can be made quite large and the technology is relatively immune to distortion by magnetic fields , these large-area detectors have been used on many space missions. Other solid state devices exist, using similar principles as for CCDs. The charge measurement gives you a very accurate estimate of the energy of the original X-ray. One issue with CCDs is that they are typically small, and thus have a small collecting area . Thus, CCDs work best in situations where you have telescope mirrors to focus X-rays onto them.
Calorimeters are devices that take a completely different approach.
From this, you get a very accurate measure of the X-ray's energy. The different types of detectors all have different strengths. You want to get a large number of accurate energy measurements for individual regions of the source with exact timing and a good ability to ignore or reject background counts. And you want to be able to perfectly distinguish the source from the overall sky. Lastly, you want any electronics or read-out devices not to add any noise themselves, but perfectly transmit all the signals received.