These symptoms are usually not present in acute or asymptomatic HIV infection . The onset of these manifestations signals the transition from HIV infection to HIV disease . However, at this point of infection, the person does not have AIDS defining manifestations of immune deficiency, also known as opportunistic infections. Risk factors for HIV infection are sexual contact with an infected sexual partner that includes exchange of semen or vaginal secretions, intravenous drug use, receipt of blood transfusion or blood components, or being born to an HIV-positive mother.
Abstinence is the only sure way to prevent sexual transmission of the virus.
If IV drugs are used, do not share needles or syringes. People with AIDS or who have had positive antibody tests may pass the disease on to others and should not donate blood, plasma, body organs, or sperm. Therapy with Retrovir has been shown to slow the rate of disease progression. People with HIV infection need to receive education about the disease and treatment so that they can be active partners in decision-making with the health care provider. Oral thrush and diarrhea can be treated with medications.