Slope gradient ranges from 0 to 15 percent. These soils formed in old alluvium, Aeolian or lacustrine deposits that form a thin mantle over sand and gravel from glacial outwash or deltaic deposits. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 45 inches, mean annual temperature ranges from 47 to 52 degrees F., and mean growing season ranges from 130 to 180 days. These are the Bath , Chenango , Mardin , Tioga , Unadilla , and Valois soils. Bath, Mardin, and Valois are on nearby till covered uplands.
Chenango soils are on nearby terrace that lack the silty mantle.
Unadilla soils are on terraces that have deep silty deposits. Tioga soils are on nearby flood plains. The potential for surface runoff is low. Permeability is moderate in the surface layer and subsoil, and rapid or very rapid in the substratum. Most areas have been cleared and are used for growing corn, hay, small grains, small fruits, nursery stock, and vegetables.