Several hardware and design options were analyzed for reducing NO X emissions. Their possible effects on appliance components were studied. Currently, hardware is available to reduce NO X emissions from residential gas appliances. But the goal of reducing NO X emissions substantially, without increasing CO emissions, cost, or burner size, or decreasing thermal efficiency, has not yet been achieved. Emerging technologies are flue-gas recirculation and staged or delayed combustion.
Catalytic combustion appears to be cost-prohibitive at present.
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