List A Diseases, play a prominent role as non-tariff trade barriers that reduce the international competitiveness and profitability of U.S. livestock industries and farm communities. VS virus infection occurs in cattle, swine, equines and wild animals. The disease is characterized by a short febrile period and the appearance of papules and vesicles in the mouth, on the udder, in interdigital areas and on the coronary band. Profuse salivation is often a prominent sign. Common complications are secondary bacterial infections, myiasis and mastitis.
Case fatality is low.
The disease can cause appreciable economic losses, primarily when it affects dairy cattle and swine. The presence of VS virus is of concern. Differential diagnosis must be made rapidly because of its resemblance to foot and mouth disease. Spread to dairy herds will cause substantial economic losses. The OIE characterizes VS as a List disease that could rapidly spread across international borders, causing serious loss to agriculture.