If the correct algorithm is followed, any problem of addition, subtraction, multiplication or division can be solved. Sometimes adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing problems are given as part of IQ tests. Then I would read the answer 42, relying on the convention in the decimal system for reading addresses, eg we read from left to right so that it is 42 and not 24. By doing that quickly and correctly I will be credited with thinking and intelligence on certain IQ tests. But I am only using an algorithm programmed into my memory.
Binary algorithms are somewhat cumbersome for human users unless aided by a machine.
They are exactly what the computer or robot controller needs since it consists of so many cubicles each containing a binary digit. Add 13 and 5. By convention, the number 13 in binary arithmetic is coded as 1101. The rule to convert it back to a decimal number is to multiply each binary digit by 2 raised to a certain power and add each result to get the decimal number. In this case, take 1101.