The most common ingredients in household cleaning products include alkalies, acids, detergents, abrasives, sanitizers, and spirit solvents. Alkalies Alkalies are soluble salts that are effective in removing dirt without excessive rubbing. They are good grease removers, because the alkalies form an emulsion, a mixture where oily or solid particles are held in suspension. Alkalies readily remove oily dirt. Alkaline cleaners also can remove oil from an oil-based paint, drying it and causing it to crack or peel.
Alkalies also have a tendency to darken aluminum surfaces.
Alkaline substances vary in strength. Most are toxic, some are corrosive, others can irritate skin and eyes. The stronger alkalies can cause burns and, if swallowed, can cause internal injuries or death. It can be found in all-purpose cleaners, oven cleaners, and window cleaners. Lye is a sodium hydroxide and is also called caustic soda, which can be found in some oven cleaners and drain cleaners.