Regular review procedures in respect of these orders are stringent. Like the Netherlands, Germany provides hospital detention for the partially responsible offender. The decision to include an offender in such a regime, however, focuses on considerations of dangerousness and previous convictions rather than illness. Surgical castration is available in respect of sexual offenders and indeterminate civil commitment can be used for offenders who are dangerous and insane but this is rarely used. In Switzerland preventative detention is available for offenders who evidence a deep-seated personality disorder and have committed a serious violent offence.
Detention is aimed at preventing future similar offending.
Regular review provisions are incorporated. Those offenders committing the most serious offences in Denmark will receive a dangerous offender order if a risk of future offending is evident. The order, which is initially for a fixed period, is renewable. Serious sexual offenders are castrated in Denmark. Surgical castration has now been replaced by chemical castration combined with psychotherapy.