During the Smallpox Eradication Programme MVA was given to 120,000 people, many at high risk of complications from the standard vaccine, without significant side effects. Two doses of the vaccine consistently induced serum anti-H1 IgG antibody that completely protected the lungs from challenge with H1N1. One dose gave partial protection. Almost all of the mice given two i.g. doses also developed mucosal anti-H1 IgA antibody. Intramuscular injection of the vaccine protected the lungs but not the noses from challenge.
Biotechnology now makes it possible to create previously undreamed-of vaccines.
Theoretically, it should be possible to insert genes from at least 10 to 15 pathogens into a single vector and with one capsule or injection to prevent 10 to 15 diseases. Currently, the major impediment to development of such vaccines seems to be a lack of adequate funding. The Children's Defense Fund has estimated that every dollar spent on vaccine production and use saves ten dollars in health care costs. Funds spent on vaccine research and development may be an even better investment. Included are patients with increased pulmonary capillary pressure and chronic heart, lung, or other diseases and children or teenagers receiving continuous aspirin therapy.