Affirmative action opposes civil rights .
One is democratic, the other aristocratic. Thus affirmative action emphasizes past injustices, and getting even not enjoying equality and looking to the future. In its search for scapegoats, this new injustice discourages initiative, discipline, education, and ingenuity. Affirmative action necessarily means quotas , and that means injustice to those who can't fit the bureaucrats' accepted and proper categories, which includes minorities and non-minorities alike. It fosters injustice, inefficiency, and ineptitude, at an untold economic cost and an incalculable moral one.