Thus, we prefer to think of memory tied to levels of perceptual processing. Thus, memory, too, is viewed as a continuum from the transient products of sensory analyses to the highly durable products of semantic-associative operations. In our view, such descriptions as 'continued attention to certain aspects of the stimulus,' 'keeping the items in consciousness,' 'holding the items in the rehearsal buffer,' and 'retention of the items in primary memory' all refer to the same concept of maintaining information at one level of processing. . . . Only this second type of rehearsal should lead to improved memory performance. To the extent that the subject utilizes Type II processing, memory will improve with total study time. . .
Deeper analysis leads to a more persistent race.
Then, at the end of 12 trials, ask for recall of the word. Half of the subjects knew from the beginning that recall of the words would be tested, half didn't. Transfer Appropriate Processing.