Takes two or more objects which are similar in some ways and makes an unwarranted inference about the additional ways in which such objects could be similar. Minds, like rivers, can be broad. The broader the river, the shallower it is. Therefore, the broader the mind, the shallower it is. Overlooks both gradations and additional alternatives between extreme positions.
All politicians are either highly efficient or completely inept.
Applies a general principle to an exceptional case without critical examination or regard to context. If it is wrong to break into a cabin, then a cabin should not entered to save a party from freezing even though they are caught in a blizzard. Generalizes from an exceptional case to a proposed general principle. Since it is permissible for a student to delay handing in his assignment if he is called home on an emergency, it is permissible for a student to delay handing in an assignment whenever he chooses to do so. Smith, Jones, and Brown are members of labor unions and each of them is interested in gaining the maximum pay with the least amount of work.