Bramer Groundwater is all the water that has penetrated the earth's surface and is found in one of two soil layers. The water table is the boundary between these two layers. As the amount of groundwater water increases or decreases, the water table rises or falls accordingly. When the entire area below the ground is saturated, flooding occurs because all subsequent precipitation is forced to remain on the surface.
Different surfaces hold different amounts of water and absorb water at different rates.
Surface permeability is extremely important for hydrologists to monitor because as a surface becomes less permeable, an increasing amount of water remains on the surface, creating a greater potential for flooding . Flooding is very common during winter and early spring because the frozen ground has no permeability, causing most rainwater and meltwater to become runoff . Under special circumstances, groundwater can even flow upward in artesian wells. The flow of groundwater is much slower than runoff , with speeds usually measured in centimeters per day, meters per year, or even centimeters per year. Credits and Acknowledgments for WW2010.