Chaos theory is the study of nonlinear dynamic systems.
This system can be described with a simple initial value problem. In the former, there is only one solution for every state, and in the latter, there are many possible solutions that can be chosen from a probability distribution. Chaotic systems are deterministic, yet they are unpredictable. One consequence of this sensitivity is that seemingly insignificant adjustments to a system will be compounded over a time and can dramatically change the overall behavior of a system. In other words, initial points will diverge exponentially as time passes.