Penicillamine is usually used to treat Wilson disease. It binds copper and allows it to be excreted in the urine. Other medications, such as trientine dihydrochloride and zinc , may be used in some cases. In rare cases, Wilson disease may cause rapid, severe liver damage. The only option in such cases is a liver transplant .
All medications have side effects, such as allergic reactions or stomach upset.
For example, penicillamine may cause a rash, low blood counts, or joint pains. Treatment is needed for life. Copper levels in the body are measured to check the effectiveness of treatment. Routine blood and urine tests are also done.