Advanced training follows the basic training program. The advanced training program consists of sixteen different courses covering all Shuttle-related crew training requirements. The advanced training continues even after a crew has been given a flight assignment. Starting at about ten weeks before a mission, the astronaut team starts to simulate the mission with the Earth-bound flight control team who will assist them in their flight. Often the commander is also the pilot of the Shuttle.
Commanders are responsible for the vehicle, the crew, mission success, and safety.
Pilot The Shuttle pilot is second in command. The pilot's primary responsibility is to control and operate the Shuttle. Pilots assist the Shuttle commander as necessary. Shuttle pilots must be United States citizens. Mission Specialist Mission specialists are responsible for coordinating all on-board operations.