From first paradigm, classificatory cultural ecology, through cultural materialism and human behavioral ecology. Cultural ecologists and other researchers involved directly in these sites, issues. Village division is well-known throughout the Amazon. They respond as well to environmental problems, particularly depletion of the nutrients in the soils near their one large and expanding village. A demarcation of a reserve.
Big ranches come in.
Indians take boats, motors of fishermen who encroach on their territory. Pressure from government as well for them to live there. The movement to new villages, as we'll see, is partly a response to this soil exhaustion. So these new villages represent not only an effort to re-establish human populations nearer to areas of richer soils, but also to protect these lands against other groups in the social environment. Indians could keep a portion of the rice, the government keep some as well.