In order to qualify for an ADHD diagnosis, the behaviors must create a real handicap in at least two areas of the person's life such as school, home, work, or social settings. Typically, the onset of ADHD occurs when the child is approximately 18 months of age and will be more noticeable by age three years. The cause of ADHD is unknown, however, it is believed to be the result of a chemical imbalance in the brain with a strong genetic basis. What is known, is that ADHD is not the result of poor parenting, too much TV, poor teachers and schools, too much sugar, or food allergies.
Boys are three times more likely than girls to be affected by the disorder.
Those with Not Otherwise Specified ADHD display some of the characteristics seen in the other types, however, do not have enough of the symptoms to reach a full diagnosis. The symptoms they do have, however, disrupt everyday life. There is no single medical test for diagnosing ADHD, however, clear-cut diagnostic criteria have been developed and are listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which is published by the American Psychiatric Association. For an individual to be diagnosed with ADHD, comprehensive evaluations must be administered including ruling out other possible causes for the child's behaviors, a family history, ability tests, achievement tests, and a collection of observations taken from individuals who are close to the child. Stimulant medications, such as Ritalin and Dexedrine, are the most commonly used drugs.