Briefly explain Von Bekesy's theory for frequency analysis within the human cochlea. Horizontal cells have been implicated in the process of lateral inhibition in the human retina. First, give me a concise explanation of lateral inhibition. Second, indicate how the intensity of receptor response over space would be affected in the presence and absence of horizontal cells. Describe the structure and function of the organs of equilibrium in the semicircular canals of the mammalian ear.
Calcium ions play a dual role in muscle contraction.
They are active at the neuromuscular junction and they are active within the sarcomere. Describe the apparent function of calcium at each location. Outline the calmodulin-mediated contraction of smooth muscle and the means by which relaxation is brought about. Support your contention using evidence from physiology, not chemistry.