If you are said to have a leonine head or an aquiline nose, then your admirer or detractor is simply trying to describe the shape of your large hairy head and absence of a discernible neck, or your long beaky nose. It's just a matter of appearance. She or he doesn't, probably, mean to suggest that you are, in any deeper way, like a regal lion or a predatory eagle. A canine tooth is the stubby pointed one third from the center of the mouth and is vestigially related to a dog's fangs. The Serpentine in London's Hyde Park is a lake named for its winding snakelike shape.
Bovine tuberculosis is a disease of cattle, and equine activities are games with horses.
But in other contexts the descriptors are figuratively based on characteristics that men and women rather oddly ascribe to animals. For hundreds of years, without logic or evidence, humans have casually regarded geese, cattle, sheep, and donkeys as stupid, for example. Accordingly, we have coined, from Latin, the lexicographically nice adjectives anserine, bovine, ovine, and asinine to connote various sorts of silliness in each other. And there's no scientific evidence at all for the poor old wolf's alleged villainy either. Mythology and folklore have given him a rotten press.