They may draw conclusions about tool usage and suggest innovation and change. As stated previously, however, a profession is not a discipline as it can be made up of a variety of disciplines. If we view the Disciplinary Model we see that the generic roles of tool User, Maker and Inheritor, reflect the paradigmatic assumptions on which any discipline may be based. The tools in use, whether theoretical or applied would then reflect the underlying paradigmatic assumptions of the IS discipline. Definition of the User would include the role of the Practitioner, the Maker of the Researcher and the Inheritor of the Scholar, thus, positioning and defining IS within the Disciplinary Model .
Commercial experience suggests the paradigm behind the discipline.
The Researcher's Role is to interpret the paradigm for the benefit of students. Recognition of the paradigm comes from stability in the discipline, hence, we observe an accumulation of ideas which centre around themes. Within Information Systems a tool may manifest itself in a number of ways, not all of which are computer based, or are necessarily used to create computerised systems. First, a tool may be a conceptual, for example, IS Management Frameworks. Second, a tool may manifest itself in the creation of another tool for example a Systems Development Life Cycle approach may contribute to the creation of an application system.