This data is gathered by observatories and satellites. They write scientific papers or reports on their findings. Most astronomers spend only a few weeks each year making observations with optical telescopes, radio telescopes, and other instruments. Astronomers almost never make observations by looking directly through a telescope. Special photographic and electronic detecting equipment can see more than the human eye.
Astronomers is a specialty of Physicists .
For more information on Astronomers, see the occupation of Physicists. Technologies Career Cluster.