Many varieties repeat-flower. They are susceptible to black spot and powdery mildew. Especially popular in Dutch paintings, centifolias bloom in spring with heavily fragrant flowers in pink or cerise on large, arching plants. They are susceptible to powdery mildew and black spot. Zones 4-9 China.
Chinas are cold-tender.
Zones 8-10 Damask. Brought to Europe by the Crusaders, these ancient roses have rich perfume. The tall, arching shrubs exhibit strong winter-hardiness. Zones 4-9 Gallica. Among the oldest roses, gallicas have short, compact plants with thin, prickly canes and perfumed flowers.