Penicillin is still effective against many of the infectious organisms, though some bacteria have developed resistance to this medicine and stronger antibiotics must be used. Viral infections are not affected by antibiotics, and unnecessary use of antibiotics can actually make the situation worse. These infections are best treated by supportive measures alone. Very severe infections require hospitalization. Inability to swallow can lead to dehydration that is best treated with intravenous fluid.
Antibiotics are also more effective when given intravenously.
Tonsillitis can lead to a very severe condition called a peritonsillar abscess. An abscess is a collection of pus caused by tissue death and breakdown of the white blood cells fighting the infection. The swelling from an abscess can be so great that it blocks the airway and interferes with breathing. The infection can also spread out of the tonsil and into the neck and chest, which can be rapidly fatal. For these reasons it is important that tonsillitis be treated under the guidance of a health care professional.