Process engineer should attempt to minimize the generation of sludge. And the company generating the waste should attempt to find a company that can use the waste, before considering disposal. One should try not to generate mixed residues, since expensive to separate. The runoff causes sediment transport in surface waters. It contains residue from animal lots, and P, N, trace metals, and organics from fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides.
Agriculture is the biggest single user of water - used mainly for irrigation.
These are listed in Table 15.5. These arise from the use of commercial and agricultural fertilizers, and from other products. Solvents are toxic, and cause stratospheric ozone depletion and smog formation. Flow analysis conducted. Surface-coating reformulated to one requiring less solvent for removal.