Paraplegia , paralysis of the lower extremities and the lower trunk, is caused by an injury to the mid-back. Students often use a manual wheelchair and have full movement of arms and hands. Below are brief descriptions of other causes of mobility impairments. Amputation is the removal of one or more limbs, sometimes caused by trauma or another condition. Arthritis is the inflammation of the body's joints, causing pain, swelling, and difficulty in body movement.
Back disorders can limit a student's ability to sit, stand, walk, bend, or carry objects.
They include, but are not limited to, degenerative disk disease, scoliosis, and herniated disks. Cerebral palsy is the result of damage to the brain prior to or shortly after birth. It can prevent or inhibit walking and cause a lack of muscle coordination, spasms, and speech difficulty. Neuromuscular disorders include a variety of disorders, such as muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, and ataxia, that result in degeneration and atrophy of muscle or nerve tissues. Dependency and helplessness are not characteristics of physical disability.