The test detects the human papillomavirus, or HPV, which is the primary cause of cervical cancer. The HPV test, which is now slightly more expensive than the Pap test, has not yet been approved in the United States as a primary screening tool for cervical cancer. But with its superior effectiveness in detecting cervical cancer and its relatively easy use, the HPV test may become the preferred alternative. There is clear data that the HPV test detects 85 percent to 90 percent of cervical cancers in women over age 40, commented Dr. Thomas Wright, lead author of one of the studies. Wright is the director of gynecological pathology with the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University in New York City.
Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide.
In the United States, it will affect an estimated 12,800 women and will result in approximately 4,800 deaths this year. Cervical cancer is highly curable if it is found at an early stage. Regular screening, therefore, is important, and is typically done using a Pap smear. Almost all cervical cancers are caused by the human papillomavirus, which is sexually transmitted and also causes genital warts. While this virus is responsible for almost all cervical cancers, many women with HPV do not develop such cancer.