Racial discrimination costs the black man, but less than he gains from sexual discrimination. These results were after controlling for skill differences among workers. That is, the researcher took into account possible differences in factors such as education and training, and controlled for these statistically to isolate the effect of discrimination. But this study focused on current, direct discrimination. These percentages are based on analysis of wage earners, but the pattern of discrimination is no doubt similar in salaried jobs as well.
Discrimination is a crime.
It is a cost not considered in the gross national product, or in the calculation of corporate profits. One could of course raise the argument that white men benefit from discrimination, and there is therefore merely a transfer of benefits from blacks and women to white males. And it is partially invalid because it cannot be said that the cost to blacks and women is passed on in benefits to white men. In fact, we don't know that elimination of discrimination in business, completely and totally, would have any significant effect on white males' earnings. The combined effects of productivity gains and supply and demand forces could well leave men's earnings pretty much at their previous level.