He has just been placed on a beta-blocker. His daily weights are stable. He has not had chest pain and denies orthopnea. He has no peripheral edema. He does not have abnormal gallops or murmurs.
Chest radiographs are normal except for flattened diaphragms.
The correct answer is systolic dysfunction since an S4 gallop is found in diastolic dysfunction. E. This is known as the Cockroft-Gault equation. 140 minus the age times body weight in kg. Then this is divided by serum creatine times 72. Then in females this product is multiplied by 0.85.