Immediate recall ability is preserved as is remote memory. However, there is a striking loss of memory for recent events and an impaired ability to retain new information. In some cases, the degree of retrograde memory loss is mild. Many patients are anxious or agitated and may repeatedly ask questions concerning transpiring events. On mental status exam, language function is preserved, which indicates a preservation of semantic and syntax memory.
Attention is spared.
Visual-spatial skills are intact and social skills retained. Symptoms typically last less than 24 hours. As the syndrome resolves, the amnesia improves, but the patient may be left with a distinct lapse of recollection for events during the attack. The precise pathophysiology of TGA is not clear. Hakan et al demonstrated tiny increased signal changes in the left parahippocampal gyrus and splenium of the corpus callosum on DWI in one patient.