A genetically programmed or inborn behavior pattern. Refers to any event that increases chances that a response will occur again. Events before a response . Events that follow a response. A learned automatic reflex response.
Classical conditioning is passive and involuntary.
Pain causes reflex withdrawal of various parts of the body. The pupil of the eye reflexively narrows in response to bright lights. Various foods cause salivation. Fears that persist even when no realistic danger exists. Persons with fears of animals, water, heights, thunder, fire, bugs, or whatever, can often trace their fear to a time when they were frightened, injured, upset, or in pain while exposed to the feared object or stimulus.