Numerous bacteria are normally present around the urinary opening and intimate contact via intercourse or oral-genital contact may also introduce bacteria. Other organisms may be introduced from the vagina, the rectum, or other outside sources, including fingers or foreign objects. Furthermore, infrequent urination is probably the single most common practice associated with development of cystitis. Symptoms Common symptoms of cystitis include frequent and urgent urination. Urinating is usually painful and blood may be present in the urine.
Diagnosis involves laboratory analysis of a urine specimen.
Treatment Antibiotics are usually used to treat cystitis. Completion of all medication as prescribed is essential. Liberal fluid intake and frequent urination are important as well. Urinate frequently, particularly just before and just after intercourse. Observe good hygiene practices to avoid unnecessary contamination.