Spasticity can be treated through therapy, medications, surgery or any combination of these treatments. A basic physical therapy stretching program is the first step in treating spasticity. Prolonged stretching can lengthen muscles to help decrease spasticity. An occupational therapist may prescribe splinting, casting, and bracing techniques to maintain available range of motion and flexibility. If physical and occupational therapy do not adequately control the spasticity, medications may be added to the treatment plan.
Common medications used to treat spasticity include baclofen and diazepam.
These medications can be used to treat spasticity by causing the nerves to relax so they are not sending a message to the muscles to contract. Botulinum toxin type A can also be injected locally into the affected area to relax the muscles. Rhizotomy and tendon release are two surgical procedures used to treat spasticity when other treatment methods fail. Rhizotomy involves surgically cutting away part of the spinal nerve. It is performed to relieve pain or decrease muscle tension.