This material has been developed from personal experience. But, if you want some background on traditional philosophy, here are a few Philosophy Links . This is a simple essay, not a labored technical treatise. Thinking starts with language and counting.
Animals communicate by using elementary sign languages.
Humans communicate with symbols and verbal language. University library references show the highest number of objects an animal can count. Predators which can count higher than their intended prey have a distinct survival advantage. To survive on the job under this kind of pressure to produce forces one to question reality, rewrite the BOOK, and coordinate with groups while still maintaining independent responsibility.