C. Inflammation 1. Physical signs are redness, swelling, heat, pain, and changes in capillary permeability. Third Line of Defense -The Immune System A. Overview of Immune Responses 1. Sometimes physical barriers and inflammation may not be sufficient to overwhelm the invader. The vertebrate immune system is a complex interaction of white blood cells called B and T lymphocytes.
B cells are lymphocytes that produce antibodies.
Y-shaped antibodies become embedded in B cell cell membrane. T-cells assist in several other ways. Recognition of Self and Nonself a. Receiving a blood tranfusion of the wrong type can be life-threatening. Immunization A. Immunization involves a deliberate production of an immune response and memory cells by a vaccine that is made from killed or weakened bacteria or viruses.