Operational-level leaders must determine the proper balance between centralized planning and decentralized execution of support functions and responsibilities. Too much centralization often results in rigidity and sluggish response, while too little often causes waste and inefficient use of critical resources. Centralizing functions to avoid unnecessary duplication is not always justified. Limited duplication may be beneficial and necessary for adequate flexibility and mobility. However, centralized management and planning prevent optimization of support functions and activities.
Decentralized execution is important to carrying out effective planning.
Smaller operating units tend to be more flexible and responsive than larger ones.