Additions with respect to combustion have come from the University of Trondheim in Trondheim, Norway. One is known as LVEL, which is derived from L, the distance from the nearest wall, and VEL, the local velocity. Radiation is a complex process that is expensive to compute exactly. The validation of this method is still in progress. At this stage, we can assert that it gives exactly correct results in simple circumstances and plausible results otherwise.
Chemical reaction is another expensive process to compute exactly.
It is far more important to represent the turbulence properly than to refine the chemical-kinetic description. This assumption leads to several questions. Such questions are easy for CFD to resolve if the location and rate of the leakage are specified and if enough is known about the ventilation conditions. In 1988, an explosion on Piper Alpha, an oil rig in the North Sea, resulted in a fire that completely destroyed the platform, killing 167 people and costing millions of dollars in lost revenue each day. One focus, the concentration of gas from a leaking flange joint, enabled us to explore the assumption that the wind entering the open end of the module is aligned with the module axis.