There are airports in Kokand and Ferghana. It is a five-hour drive from Tashkent to Fergana. The road passes through a mountainous area via a pass, which makes the drive more dangerous and longer in winter. The province of Fergana has a ring railroad connecting Kokand, Margilan, Kizil and Fergana. The total length of railroads exceeds 200 km.
Asphalt roads connect all of the cities to each other and other smaller towns.
The total length of asphalt roads in the province is more than 3,000 km. One of the major industry sectors in the Fergana is oil and gas processing. There are a number of projects in this industry sector with foreign investment. The Fergana Oil Refinery, which was built during the Soviet period, was mostly oriented towards processing oil from Ukraine and Russia that contained a minimal percentage of sulfur. After the break up of the Soviet Union, oil imports were discontinued, and The Fergana Oil Refinery needed to be reoriented to processing locally extracted oil, which contains a considerable percentage of sulfur.