Contraindications include unexplained vaginal bleeding and a history of ectopic pregnancy. The high levels of progestogen block the luteinizing hormone surge and thus suppress ovulation. The cervical mucus is thickened. Non-contraceptive benefits include decreased risk for endometrial cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease, and ectopic pregnancy. Disadvantages include the need to get an injection every 3 months, cyclic irregularities, delay in return of fertility, and possibly decreased bone density.
Contraindications are the same as for other progestin-only methods.
Hormonal contraceptives for men. Research on hormonal contraceptives for the male is currently being conducted. Oral contraceptives that contain ethinyl estradiol and norgestrel can be used for postcoital contraception. The first dose is given as soon as possible following unprotected coitus. Irreversible contraceptive techniques involving surgical procedures include salpingectomy, tubal ligation, and vasectomy.