Potential triggers include excessive bathing, hand washing, lip licking, sweating, or swimming. Contact with solvents, detergents, deodorants, cosmetics, and soaps can exacerbate the disease. Loose or poorly fitting clothing that constantly rubs the skin also can cause problems. Excessive or prolonged heat may trigger a flare-up. Examples include hot showers or baths, overdressing, use of electric blankets or heating pads, and exposure to high humidity.
Diagnosis is based on history and physical examination.
Pathologic findings include a thickened and hyperkeratoid epidermis with the dermis showing perivascular inflammation. Prevention is the mainstay of treatment for atopic dermatitis. The emergency physician must properly diagnose, educate, and treat acute exacerbations or complications. If secondary infection is present, initiate antibiotic therapy along with measures to control inflammation. Educate patients and their parents about common triggers and the necessity of avoiding them.