A worldwide series of temperature readings showed that deep water is cold in all of the oceans, regardless of season or surface temperature. Mackerel occupy an intermediate rank in the oceanic food web, smaller fish such as herring are eaten by tuna and sword fish. Fronds of gian kelp, microscopic plants known as phytoplankton and sargasso weed. The animal life includes polar bear, caribou, penguin, and Arctic Fox. Vegetation in the Polar Biome include lechens, moss and shrubs.
Conifers are the dominant form of plant life.
Black and white spruce, balsam fir, and tamarack are common. Deciduous trees are found in localized regions of the taiga, include paper birch, and quaking aspen. A region with a warm growing season and abundant rainfall. Deciduous trees such as maple, oak, an hickory. Organisms include white-tailed deer, opossum, and raccoons.