Collecting samples of soil water under the snow to determine the pH and ion content. Sampling systems for collecting soil water in Emerald lake watershed, to assess neutralization of acids in precipitation as water passes through soil. Sampling ports for collecting soil water in Emerald lake watershed. Note the very coarse, rocky soil, which limits the amount of neutralization that can occur. Sampling system for collecting soil gas, to assess its carbon dioxide content.
Carbon dioxide is an acid, and is released by soil bacteria during biodegredation of litter.