First order theories of individual concepts and propositions. We treat individual concepts and propositions as first class objects. This lets us say more about them than can be said using them just as terms and formulas of first order logic. Most likely we won't have more than illustrative examples of heuristics and hits at making them into objects. Reading to come, maybe.
Circumscription is a form of non-monotonic reasoning based on minimizing predicates and formulas.
Default Logic is the second major surviving form of non-monotonic reasoning. Like people, robots will need to think about their own mental states, e.g. about their own intentions.