Mantras are sounds which have a flowing, meditative quality and may be repeated out loud or inwardly. The breath is also a common focal point. Finally, guided visualization is also considered by some to be a form of meditation. Some techniques work better for certain people while other techniques work better for other people. The important thing is to find what works for you.
Churches have a meditative atmosphere.
Meditation deals with contacting something within us that is peaceful, calm, rejuvenating, and meaningful. It is there and anyone can benefit from it regardless of what they believe. Most people in the world have already meditated. If you have relaxed looking at a beautiful sunset, allowing your thoughts to quiet down, this is close to meditation. If you have been reading a book for awhile, then put it down to take a break and just sat there quietly and peacefully for a few minutes without thinking, this is close to meditation.