Today, laminitis is the main cause of lameness in cattle. Risk increases when cattle stand with their hind legs in the passage-way , or stand for long times on wet or pitted concrete .
Calved heifers are especially at risk.
The outer claw of the hind limb is most frequently affected in lameness. Poorly drained soil and wet, dirty underfoot conditions indoors soften hoof horn. Individual observation and care of cows is more difficult in large than in small herds. Cows in large herds usually must walk further between feeding and milking areas. Absence of hay, straw, beetpulp or dried citrus pulp reduces fibre intake.