Explain the digestive activities associated with the large intestine. Understand the symbiotic relationships that enhance digestive activities in the vertebrates. Describe the metabolic and digestive activities of the liver. Explain the importance of regulating food intake. Understand the importance of essential nutrients including vitamins and amino acids.
Circulation Compare the anatomy and efficiency of open and closed circulatory systems.
Understand the three primary functions of the vertebrate circulatory system. Describe the anatomy of the major kinds of blood vessels. Explain the relationship between blood vessel diameter and flow resistance including the effects resistance has on the efficient operation of a closed circulatory system. Describe the vertebrate lymphatic system and indicate its importance. Describe the structure of a human heart and the flow of blood through it.