These annual migrations put them in close proximity to the bison, fish and other seasonally available resources that comprised their diets. Numerous arrowheads found on the property along with its suitable landscape would indicate that the forest was a seasonally utilized site. In addition to the arrowheads, an isolated basalt flake was located along the road in stand seven. It is likely that this flake was used in a procurement activity. In the northeast corner of the property a group of boulders with manufactured copulas was located.
Copulas are a type of rock art associated with ceremonial events.
According to historic accounts of Old Chief Joseph, these copulas may have been used as markers for land use. It will take further exploration to understand the meanings of the copulas more clearly. Future forest management decisions will take into account these findings, making certain that the boulders will not be disturbed.