It has three major parts - a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. Cell body contains the nucleus, and organelles. Dendrites arise from the neuronal cell body. Most neurons have multiple dendrites, which are typically short and highly branched. The dendrites provide site for the contact of other nerve cells, and thus can be regarded as specialized for receiving information.
Axons are unique extension from the neuronal cell body.
The information is carried along the axon in the form of self-regenerating electrical wave called action potential. Action potential initiates at the junction between cell body and axon called the axon hillock. The information encoded by the action potential finally will reach the end of axon called synaptic endings or terminal boutons. Each synaptic ending contains secretory organelles called synaptic vesicles. Chemicals called neurotransmitters are stored in these vesicles.