Conservation areas vary greatly in their nature and character.
The special character of these areas does not come from the quality of their buildings alone. The first conservation areas were created in 1967, and there are now over 8000 conservation areas in England. Local authorities have the power to designate as conservation areas in any area of 'special architectural or historic interest' whose character or appearance is worth protecting or enhancing. This 'specialness' is judged against local and regional criteria, rather than national importance as is the case with listing. English Heritage can designate conservation areas in London, where we have to consult the relevant London Borough Council and obtain the consent of the Secretary of State for National Heritage.