Side effects depend on the treatments used. All medications have possible side effects. For instance, progesterone drugs can cause headache and nausea. Antibiotics can cause allergic reactions and stomach upset. Specific side effects depend on the drugs used.
All surgery carries a risk of bleeding, infection, and reactions to any pain medications used.
This depends on the cause. If the cause is an infection and the infection is treated with antibiotics, no further treatment or monitoring may be needed. If the cause is cancer, close monitoring and treatment may be needed for life. For heavy bleeding, a CBC to measure the blood counts are used. Other monitoring depends on the underlying cause.