You should be able to answer questions in 3-6 sentences. Organic matter is not returned to the soil because it is removed during harvest. Thus, fertilizer applications are required. The removal of plants results in an increase susceptibility to wind and water erosion. Management is needed to reduce this erosion and make the soil a renewable resource that remains fertile.
Acidity affects cation exchange and the chemical form of minerals.
Large surface areas along a leaf's airspaces are needed for carbon dioxide intake for photosynthesis, but also results in greater surface area for evaporative water loss. Thus, choice of species to plant in a given region, how much a crop needs to be irrigated, and growth potential and competitive ability in wild plants, is a function of water-use efficiency. Sieve-tube members are the specialized cells of phloem that function in translocation. The cells are alive at maturity. Sugar produced at a source must be loaded into sieve-tube members before it can be translocated to a sink.