Most children with obstructive sleep apnea are obese males. Boys are more likely than girls to experience enuresis. Major depression is often associated with earlier timing of the nighttime sleep period. Antihypertensive drugs may cause sleeping difficulties as a side effect. Early morning awakenings in the elderly are associated with changes in the timing of their biological rhythms.
Alcohol can be beneficial in reducing the effects of jet lag.
A favorite toy or blanket may aid toddlers with sleep onset difficulties. Night shift workers are more likely to fall asleep on the job compared to employees with regular, daytime hours. Sleeping longer on weekends is a good practice to make up for loss of sleep during the work week. Menopausal women are at higher risk for developing symptoms of sleep apnea compared to pre-menopausal women. Nasal reconstruction is the only proven treatment for obstructive sleep apnea.