This method of wastewater treatment provides low-cost treatment, protects communities receiving the water and conserves valuable natural resources for future generations. Through fermentation, organic material is converted primarily into methane, carbon dioxide, and cell mass. There are two primary groups of bacteria that drive the fermentation process. Acid forming bacteria converts organic waste into volatile fatty acids and other intermediate products, and methane forming bacteria converts the byproducts from the acid formers into methane and carbon dioxide. A suitable environment must be maintained in order to complete the anaerobic treatment process because the bacteria are susceptible to fluctuations in pH, temperature, and rate of loading.
Adverse conditions can lead to poor treatment and gas production.