See date.html for sample scripts. The Caesar Cipher simply replaces each letter with the one that comes 3 places later in the alphabet. A is replaced with D, B is replaced with E, and X is replaced with B. See cipher.html for a JavaScript implementation of this cipher. If you do not have Excel on your computer, you may want to download a free program that will let you view Excel spreadsheets. Grades See grades.xls for examples of simple formulas, including a weighted average.
Coins See coins.xls for the results of our in-class coin flipping experiment.
Each of you flipped a coin 25 times and counted how many times the coin came up heads. Curiously, our average was lower than expected. Look at the equations used to calculate the expected value, variance, standard deviation, and standard error. C tells you how far each student's number was off from that average. Notice the use of an absolute reference.