Microbes in biofilms find strength in numbers and can actually cooperate more like a multicellular organism. In this way, microbes are more likely to survive outside assaults, find food, and diversify when necessary. Literally on you and all around you. The lungs of people with Cystic Fibrosis disease Bacterial infection of heart valves Corrosion on metal pipes Thick, often colorful, biofilms called microbial mats live about the geysers of Yellowstone National Park and can be hundreds of years old. The aggregated cells start synthesizing a sugary, slime layer.
Cells communicate by signaling molecules, begin to multiply and form a microcolony.
Within the slimy matrix cells can exist in complex communities, penetrated by water columns. The slime prevents bacteria from drying out, and may also improve nutrient access and waste elimination. The biofilm also protects bacteria from antibiotics and toxins. The center of the microcolony becomes anaerobic and cells may exist in a dormant state. Some cells break free from the biofilm and return to a free-swimming state.