Fixing a faulty septic system can be costly. Therefore, it's important for both current and prospective rural homeowners to know about the proper care and feeding of a septic system. How It Works - Septic systems consist of a tank, a distribution box and an absorption facility. When wastewater enters the tank, heavy solids sink to the bottom - forming a sludge layer. Grease, oils and lighter solids rise to the top, forming a scum layer.
Bacteria decompose the solids.
The liquid flows through a pipe into the distribution box where it is routed into a network of perforated pipes that lay in underground trenches lined with small stones. Why It Fails - One common problem is when solids and scum in the tank accumulate and enter the leach pipes, preventing treatment and causing a backup. Another source of trouble is poor-draining soil and roots of trees and shrubs that choke the leach lines. Bleaches and household disinfectants block bacteria growth in a septic tank and prevent decomposition of solid waste. The easiest way to keep your septic system in good working order is to have the tank pumped out regularly - DEP recommends cleaning every three years.