Pediatric Considerations Anatomic differences in the pediatric patient means that airway management strategies must be modified. Differences can be found in the pharynx, trachea, and chest wall.
Children have smaller jaws with absent or delicate and small dentition.
The airway is smaller and narrower at all levels. The larynx lies more superior and is more funnel-shaped. Airway tissue swelling related to trauma or a lodged foreign body results in a significant increase in airway resistance. The ribs and cartilage are softer and infants and children rely more heavily on the diaphragm for breathing. When a patient sustains a facial injury, immediate airway maintenance or establishment is critical.