Appendix lists U.S. Navy ships in North Atlantic fleet. Gatewood, Willard B., Jr. Black Americans and the White Man's Burden, 1898-1903. An assessment of the response of black Americans to the Spanish-American War and its aftermath. Discusses the impact of imperial expansion on the place of African Americans in U.S. society. African Americans had doubts regarding the motives of both sides in the national debate on America's role in the world.
Bibliography includes manuscripts, newspaper sources, published documents, and articles.
Excerpts from 115 letters written by African American soldiers. All but five of the letters were written to black American newspapers. The letters document the diverse attitudes of the soldiers regarding imperial expansion. Gould, Lewis L. Spanish-American War and President McKinley. University Press of Kansas, 1982.