Gums are obtained as exudates from stems or seeds of tropical and semi tropical trees and shrubs. Mucilages These are polysaccharides from seeds and seaweeds. Dietary fiber is not digested by enzymes of stomach and small intestine where most of the other carbohydrates are digested and absorbed. It adds bulk to the diet and increases bowel transit time thereby relieving the problem of constipation Dietary fiber is known to be associated with reduced incidence of coronary heart disease. The mechanism of action is thought to be due to its binding with bile salts and preventing their reabsorption into the blood stream, thereby reducing cholesterol levels in circulation.
Dietary fiber helps in promoting the feeling of satiety and is beneficial for obese people.
Possible adverse effects Dietary fiber may also have some adverse effects on nutrition by binding some trace metals and preventing their absorption. Anyone changing from a low to a high fiber diet is liable to suffer abdominal discomfort from increased gas production in the colon and occasionally diarrhea like symptoms. These symptoms are usually transient. Excretion of minerals in the stools is increased by a high fiber diet. Recent studies have shown that gums present in fenugreek seeds are most effective in reducing blood glucose and cholesterol levels as compared to other gums.