Poor school attendance and truancy is associated with problems in adult employment and marital breakdown.
Breast feeding is associated with reduced risk of heart disease in adult life.
Parental separation is associated in children with low achievement in mathematics, leaving school early and teenage marriage. Immunisation is associated with reduced risks of childhood illness and adult health problems. A key predictor of children's educational achievement is interest shown by parents. Chronic lower respiratory tract illness in adults is associated with poor home circumstances earlier in life. Poor economic conditions at birth disadvantage people in their subsequent employment and depress their adult incomes.