Less common reported findings include serous detachment of the macula, preretinal hemorrhages, dilated vessels, and optic disc edema. Retinal microinfarcts that are observed in patients with fat embolization are usually smaller in size and located in the peripheral, not central, retina. Pigment migration and optic atrophy have been reported as late findings in the disease. Traumatic chest compression and blunt head trauma are common causes. Childbirth and the uncommon complication of amniotic fluid embolism are known risk factors.
Acute pancreatitis is a known risk factor.
The risk from acute pancreatitis may be due to fat embolization or complement activation with secondary leukocyte aggregation and occlusive vasculopathy. Complement C5a level Activated complement C5a is associated with the development of Purtscher-like retinopathy in numerous conditions. This test may be diagnostic in presentations without an antecedent history of trauma. In patients with lupus, antiphospholipid antibodies may be associated with an increased risk of retinal vascular thrombosis. Skull or rib fractures may be present.