A substance that enhances the immune-stimulating properties of a vaccine or the effects of a drug. The term is used whether or not the effect can be attributed to the vaccine or drug under study. In a clinical trial, an unwanted effect detected in participants and attributed to a drug or vaccine. The late stage of HIV disease, characterized by a deterioration of the immune system and a range of opportunistic infections and malignancies.
Antibodies bind to antigens.
Any material that elicits an immune response. An antibody that is the mirror image of another antibody. HIV may induce apoptosis in both infected and uninfected immune system cells. A group of participants in a clinical trial, all of whom receive the same treatment, intervention or placebo. For example, an attenuated virus can no longer produce disease but might be used as a vaccine.