One reason for this cascade effect is that different cells may respond in different specific ways to the same ligand even while sharing some common component proteins of the cascade. Please describe another major advantage of the cascade phenomenon. The other reason is signal amplification. One signal molecule usually results in hundreds of millions of molecules of response because of the cascade. An active protein kinase transfers phosphate from ATP to another molecule, usually an enzyme, activating that enzyme in the process.
Answer is d.
I is oxidized when its electrons are passed to another molecule. Both the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll and the action spectrum of oxygen production have peaks in the red and the blue color regions. I will accept numbers anywhere in those ranges.