Pham A complex lipid containing phosphorus. The phosphatides, known as phospholipids, are usually divided into groups on the basis of compounds from which they are derived. In addition to fatty acids they contain phosphoric acid, and further may contain glycerol and nitrogenous bases such as choline. Their function as the principle components of cell membranes makes phospholipids essential for all vital cell processes.
All biological membranes consist primarily of phospholipids and proteins.
Phospholipids are amphophilic molecules with unique physicochemical properties. They are widespread as secretory and structural components of the body and can mimic or enhance natural physiological processes. Genzyme has developed a number of unique approaches to phospholipid production, including several synthetic and enzymatic processes. Areas of current research and development interest include lipid pro-drugs, phospholipids, phospholipid carbohydrates for liposomal targeting, and cationic lipids for use in gene therapy. The intracellular signaling pathways that mediate the effects of growth factors and oncogenes on cell growth and transformation offer novel targets for the development of anticancer drugs.