The following conventions apply to this book. Convention Meaning special type Indicates a literal example of system output or user input. In text, indicates command names, keywords, node names, file names, directories, utilities, and tools. On a DECnet-Plus for UNIX system, enter the word or phrase in the exact case shown. You can abbreviate command keywords to the smallest number of characters that OpenVMS, Digital UNIX, NCL, DECdns, DECdts, and the other utilities accept, usually three characters.
All numbers are decimal unless otherwise noted.
All Ethernet addresses are hexadecimal. A necessary part of any type of problem solving is fault isolation. Fault isolation is the process used to determine the source of a problem. Quick and efficient fault isolation is key to resolving network problems. OSI Network Layer Functions Table 1-1 briefly describes the functions of the OSI network layers.