They use natural, drugless and non-surgical treatment methods, relying mainly on the body's inherent healing abilities. They take patients' case histories, observe patients and perform or order X-rays and other tests to diagnose patients' conditions. X-rays are an important diagnostic tool. In cases where a problem is found in the musculoskeletal structures, chiropractors manually manipulate or adjust the spinal column. They may also use water, light, massage, ultrasound, electric and heat therapy and may apply support, such as straps, tapes and braces.
Chiropractors advise patients on nutrition, diet and ways to deal with stress.
When necessary, chiropractors may refer patients to other health practitioners. Most chiropractors are general practitioners. Some specialize in athletic injuries, occupational and industrial health, neurology or orthopedic disorders. Some specialize in taking and interpreting X-rays. Most chiropractors have a solo private practice.