Until recent years the general custom in the United States was the surgical removal of the foreskin based upon the general belief that it would promote better hygiene. Today medical science discounts its hygienic value and performs circumcision as elective surgery for cosmetic, religious, or other reasons. See also ritual circumcision . Anciently a fortified place or fortress for defending a city usually the highest portion of the city. See acropolis .
Closed vessels are vessels whose maximum circumference is located at any place but the rim.
See open vessels . In early Roman times a reference to a dining room or dining hall usually found on a second floor. Later a reference to a second floor. See Cenacle . The psychological conflict resulting from incongruous beliefs and attitudes held simultaneously.