Self-directed learning is often resisted by adults, especially in formal settings. Adults choose vocational and practical eductaioin that leads to knowledge about how to do something more than they choose any other form of learning. Adults have a strong need to apply, and be competent. Adults need to connect with what they learn. Most instructors want adult learners who will responsibly begin, continue, ad complete learning activities with a reasonable amount of effort and success.
Adults believe success indicates competence.
Adults must experience choice or willingness along with their success in the learning activity. Every instructional plan also needs to be a motivational plan.