Forests, shrubs, and grasses are grouped into three main divisions. The Saharo-Sindian flora is predominantly tropical or subtropical and is as diverse as mangrove coastal swamps, desert and savannah scrubs, and seasonally flooded aquatic or semiaquatic species. The Irano-Turanian floras are discontinuous areas of semiarid open shrublands and such forests as the pencil junipers, pistachio, ash, and Chilghoza pines of Baluchistan. This floral type extends well into the dry mountain valleys of the Himalayas and includes spruce, willow, and other woody species. Animal life .
Animal life is hard pressed by the expanding human population and declining natural habitat.
Several species have become extinct since being first reported in the 19th century. Limited governmental protection is provided for endangered species. Other rare or endangered species include the green turtle, gavials and crocodiles, bustard birds, musk and hog deer, weasels, otters, lynx, ratels, hyenas, wolves, martens, goitered gazelles, and the gray goral and Himalayan tahr, which are species of wild goats. More than 600 bird species are known, including many migratory water and game birds. The Indus Delta complex is a wintering area for them.