The joints can also be invaded and immobilized by hypopharyngeal cancer or cancer of the vocal folds. The highly acidic contents produce laryngospasm when they come in contact with the arytenoids or the vocal folds. Neoplasms at the glottis can produce airway obstruction. The most common malignant vocal fold tumor is squamous cell carcinoma. This cancer occurs primarily in individuals with history of heavy tobacco and alcohol consumption, but may occur even in the absence of these risk factors.
Carcinomas arising on the vocal fold itself often produce hoarseness as an early symptom.
This important warning signal can lead to timely diagnosis and an improved survival rate. The most common benign vocal fold neoplasm is the recurrent respiratory papilloma. This lesion frequently occurs in the pediatric population, but can also be seen in adults. Involvement in the adult usually is less aggressive and less extensive than in the younger patients. The voice is hoarse and obstruction can be progressive.