Before menopause the presence of natural estrogen gives women some protection against coronary disease. After menopause, women who take no estrogen eventually develop the same risk for heart problems as men. Those with long history of smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, strong family history of heart disease, and established hardening of the arteries are at especially high risk. Treatment of existing medical conditions, discontinuation of smoking, weight reduction, regular exercise, and low fat diet are generally advised. Women who experience chest pains or chest pressure, especially when it is associated with breathlessness, or brought on by physical activity or exertion, should see their physician. .
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in women.
Periodic screening for certain cancers is generally recommended. Along with these examinations, most physicians also check the head and neck, skin, thyroid, lymph nodes and abdominal organs for evidence of abnormality. Depression is frequent in midlife and later. Domestic violence may flare up under such circumstances, and warrants special consideration. Infections such as influenza or pneumonia are a frequent cause of illness or death in women of geriatric age.