The specific cause is unknown, therefore prevention is unknown. Serum protein electrophoresis is abnormal. Bone X-rays show fractures , hollowed out bone lesions. Chemistry profile shows increased serum calcium , total protein , and abnormal kidney function. The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms, but there is no curative therapy.
Complete remission is unusual.
People who have mild disease or in whom the diagnosis is in doubt are usually observed without treatment. Chemotherapy with alkylating agents and localized radiation therapy for relief of bone pain or treating a bone tumor may be useful. Bone marrow transplantation in younger patients is experimental, but the long-term results of this treatment are not known. Symptoms of high serum calcium levels are treated, and dehydration is avoided to optimize kidney function. The stress of illness can often be helped by joining a support group where members share common experiences and problems.