Something like 30 trillion. Division of the chromosomes and their separation into the two daughter cells requires a complicated process, involving temporary destruction of the nucleus, the building of a machinery to separate the chromosomes, and then division of the cell. In somatic tissues and asexual reproduction this is called mitosis , in sexual reproduction involving germ cells it is called meiosis . The objective is to copy each chromosome and distribute accurately a copy of each chromosome to each daughter cell. The numbers of chromosomes remain the same.
Daughters are still diploid.
This period involves cell growth etc., and is the major time period for eukaryotic cells. The chromosomes are replicated , but remain attached at the centromere . We now have two sister chromatids . This is the first stage in which the chromosomes are recognizable as long threads in light microscopy. They condense throughout this phase by much folding of the chromatin.