They are usually called International Bars. It's a lot of fun. But don't forget that it is the most expensive money in the world, so if you want to save, watch your pennies and don't go out every night. Almost all schools have no morning classes, so you can live a pretty carefree, wild life, and most do when they first come, but then they settle down. Most teachers ride bicycles as do many Japanese.
Buses arrive at bus stops within the minute of their scheduled time.
Depends on your location . Avoid the big cities if you don't like traffic. The smaller cities and countryside are beautiful. It's cramped and expensive, but there's clean water. Japan is very modern and quite comfortable once you get you used to the small style.