Doses are frequently difficult to calculate for herbal products because of seasonal growing conditions and natural variances of the alkaloids within the plant. Clinical signs usually develop within 30 minutes to several hours after ingestion. Initial signs usually begin with restlessness, pacing, and agitation. Vocalization may occur. Dogs may exhibit hallucinogenic behavior such as snapping at invisible flies or staring into a corner.
Death is usually due to cardiovascular collapse.
Most ingestions of ma huang are accidental. Dogs are more likely to ingest ma huang products than cats. Potbellied pigs also readily ingest ma huang products. Many of the drink mixes are chocolate-flavored, which makes them more palatable. Administer activated charcoal and a cathartic such as sorbitol, magnesium sulfate, or sodium sulfate.