They both reason by analogy about whether or not the first argument is a good one. It is possible to make any kind of arguments about other arguments, including syllogisms, truth-tables, generalizations, etc. Here are two examples People with bacteriological infections are like ecological systems that have been invaded by a foreign species. We know from ecology that introducing another species that hunts the foreign invader can have unpredictable effects. Thus, introducing predator-bacteria won't predictably eliminate the infection.
Bacteriological infections are like an attempt to colonize another planet.
They both involve a transport mechanism that delivers the colonizers through a hostile environment to a new place to live. Thus, if you can expose the colonizers to the hostile environment, you will prevent bacteriological infection. In the first example, the argument depends on our experience with ecological systems that have been invaded by other species. For example, rabbits introduced to Austrailia are taking over ecological niches once occupied by native species. In the second example, we don't have any experience colonizing other planets, and thus the argument doesn't depend on experience, but on our a-priori analysis of space travel and colonization.