The largest of 3 attempts is used as the appropriate measure. This is repeated after use of a bronchial nebulizer. Scores are compared with a chart that matches height, weight, and FEV to determine level of impairment. Train for self-care only Family systems are usually affected. Psychologically, people report depression and anxiety.
Anxiety often aggravates breathing problems, so vicious circle of disability occurs.
Loss of functioning and confinement are important issues. Having to change behaviors such as smoking is difficult and stressful. Confinement for serious COPD in chronic care medical facility often occurs in later years.