Chemically, alkyds are synthetic resins formed by the condensation of polyhydric alcohols with polybasic acids. They may be regarded as complex esters. The most common polyhydric alcohol used is glycerol, and the most common polybasic acid is phthalic anhydride. Modified alkyds are those in which the polybasic acid is substituted in part by a monobasic acid, of which the vegetable oil fatty acids are typical. The binder cements the pigment particles into a uniform paint film and also makes the paint adhere to the surface.
Acrylic polymers are the binder of choice in producing quality high-performance latex paints.
They may or may not contain softening agents, pigments, and inorganic fillers. They are usually black or dark in color. The formulation of dome-shaped, hollow projections on paint, often caused by heat or moisture. Can also be caused by solvent entrapment in a paint film which has surface dried before the solvent has completely escaped. Essentially, chalk and glue ready to mix with water.