Gowns are worn over the clothing whenever there is copious drainage and the possibility that one's clothes could become soiled with infective material. When a definitive diagnosis of an infectious disease has been made and special precautions are ordered, it is imperative that everyone having contact with the patient adhere to the rules. Family members and visitors will need instruction in the proper techniques and the reason they are necessary. Physiologic support entails bolstering the patient's external and internal defense mechanisms. Integrity of the skin is preserved.
Daily bathing is avoided if it dries the skin and predisposes it to irritation and cracking.
Gentle washing and thorough drying are necessary in areas where two skin surfaces touch, for example, in the groin and genital area, under heavy breasts, and in the axillae. Lotions and emollients are used not only to keep the skin soft but also to stimulate circulation. Measures are taken to prevent pressure ulcers from prolonged pressure and ischemia. Mouth care is given on a systematic basis to assure a healthy oral mucosa. The total fluid intake should not be less than 2000 ml every 24 hours.