The search was supplemented by a review of the bibliographies of identified literature. All controlled and uncontrolled trials were reviewed. Agents were reviewed with regard to mechanism of action, clinical trial data regarding efficacy, adverse effects, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, and contraindications where information was available. Study design, selected population, results, and adverse effect information were included.
Adverse events tend to be mild and self-limiting, but serious adverse events can occur.
Treatment options under development include thermogenic agents, digestive inhibitors, and analogs and antagonists of hormones that regulate food intake and satiety. Several mechanisms to control weight are currently under investigation for the management of obesity. Since obesity is a chronic condition, further studies should be conducted to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of these agents and the role of combination therapy using different modalities.