There are as many different kinds of calligraphy around the world as there are languages.
Chinese calligraphy is the practice of writing Chinese beautifully.
The characters of the language are pictorial not phonetic like in English. This means that Chinese is read in pictures not letters representing sounds. To tell a story or write a letter, one must put together a series of pictures. Everyone knows how to draw a simple house or a stick-figure. Imagine that every word you know has a correlating picture.