This scenario was proposed by James Hutton in 1785. Outcrops are places where solid rock is exposed at the surface. Bedrock is the solid rock that lies below the unconsolidated materials which typically cover most of the surface. These unconsolidated materials can be soil, deposits of unconsolidated material left by glaciers, water, or wind, or heavily weathered rock. A bedrock map will show the uppermost layer of rock present in a given area.
Basement rock is that which forms the lower part of the crust.
Country rock is a somewhat colloquial term used to describe the rock that encloses or is intruded by an igneous rock. Parent rock is any original rock before it is altered by any geologic process.