Although the data gathered is rather low level there can be lots of it. A concept map or a mind map is a visual representation of the links or associations between different concepts or pieces of information. Confidence logs These are self assessment measures which are used to gauge a student's confidence level in a particular part of a course.
Any educational intervention has an outcome and a cost.
A measure of the cost effectiveness is obtained by measuring costs against outcomes. A controlled experiment is a way of teasing out the details of just which aspects of your innovation are influencing the outcomes you are considering and bringing about the changes you observe. The essence of an ethnographic approach is 'in situ' observation. The events being observed should be as little disturbed and as authentic as possible. Focus groups are moderated meetings of 'involved' people discussing their experience of an educational intervention.