The majority of individuals who experience problems relating to the consumption of alcohol are not alcohol dependent. Although some models conflict, many are not mutually exclusive and may well complement each other. The disease model has been one of the most influential conceptualisation's of the nature of alcohol dependence and is the model most commonly used by treatment agencies today. Its basic tenet is that the 'alcoholic' is suffering from the disease of 'alcoholism' which cannot be cured but can be arrested by complete abstinence. This view is now under question by professionals and academics.
Biological models emphasize genetic and physiological processes as causes of alcohol dependence.
It has been suggested that genetic factors may predispose Aborigines to develop problems related to alcohol. Other influential models have postulated that alcohol dependence and misuse occur as a result of individual psychological or personality deficits, social, environmental or cultural influences and learning processes such as peer influence, role modelling or rewarding consequences of drinking. Social and learning explanations, in particular, have considerable currency as explanations of Aboriginal drinking behaviour. It is important to note that each of these views is compatible with other models and may be integrated into treatment approaches. The public health model is currently enjoying considerable support .