Below, a picture of the seafloor near the Drake Passage. Strong currents sweep the ocean floor and prevent lithogenous or biogenous sediment from accumulating here. Sulfides form where there is no oxygen present in the water. These were melted once, probably during a sizable meteor impact, and 'crystallized' while moving through space. For either the shelf or the deeps, more calcite accumulates where the water is warm.
Biogenic silica accumulates where there are plenty of nutrients.
As an example, here is a cartoon of the east coast of North America. To the north, sediment is mostly terrigenous, with sand near the shore and mud farther out on the shelf. Below, the same image but with types of ocean sediment illustrated. For the shelf, sand is light green, mud is brown, dark green is gravel. Limestone is pink.