To stimulate discussion on the listserv, each of the respondents was asked to react to the exhibitions with these questions in mind. But the questions were intended simply as jumping-off points. Thanks to Simon Biggs, whose responses we highlight below, we can begin the discussions from a much more nuanced position. Language is the crux of the issue. Digital data is a language field.
Computer programs are language systems.
In effect, he described a language machine. Given this, the above question seems redundant. They allow us to use previous models and metaphors of thought to analyze issues and arrive at a position on or perception of something. But they also can cloud issues and situations with nonapplicable metaphors. Nevertheless, human thought and communication rely on metaphors, and metaphors rely on references.