A process of major change must get underway urgently, if this country to fulfil its obligations. At present, agriculture is the largest single source of greenhouse gases. Energy and transport are the next highest sources and it is in these sectors that the highest growth rate in greenhouse gas emissions is projected. In relation to other emissions to air, Ireland has failed to meet its international commitments on nitrogen oxides emissions and may not meet targets on sulphur dioxide. In Ireland the main concern relating to substances entering inland waters from sources such as urban areas, industry and agriculture is the quantity of nutrients, in particular of phosphorus.
Agriculture is by far the major source of phosphorus inputs.
Urban waste water and industrial effluents, on an annual basis, give rise to much lower loads. While the timing and composition of agricultural discharges may lessen their potential impact, nevertheless surveys confirm that they remain the major cause of pollution of inland waters. Nitrogen is also of concern in certain areas, in relation to its impact on both surface waters and groundwater. In this case also the principal source is agriculture. Quantities of non-agricultural solid waste are continuing to grow in Ireland, reaching over 15 million tonnes in 1998.