Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that studies that makeup, function, and organization of reality in general. Metaphysics is also used more specifically to refer to those aspects of reality that cannot be observed and measured, such as God and virtue. A vitalist believes that everything that makes up reality is alive and capable of thinking. The spiritual part of reality makes thinking and knowledge possible. Rationalism is the belief that we can have knowledge without experience.
Deduction is the process of determining what is true based on what is already known to be true.
A premise is an assertion that leads deductively to a conclusion. A syllogism is a logical statement that presents a conclusion deduced from two related premises. A hypothesis is a theoretical statement that explains things but that may be disproved or confirmed by new evidence. Idealism is the belief that reality is largely dependent on the mind. Ideology is a system of beliefs or ideas that reinforce the values of a particular class or group of people.