The first sign is usually stiffening of the joints upon awakening which can last a few minutes to an hour or more. Pain which is difficult to pinpoint to a specific area, is one of the earliest complaints. These symptoms may be present for some time before they are replaced by more specific, or localized, problems. There is usually gradual swelling, warmth, and tenderness at the joint. Changes in appearance of hands can occur such as spindle shaped finger or hands turning out away from the body.
All joints can become involved such as the hips, knees, wrists, elbows, shoulders, and the jaw.
The treatment goals are to reduce pain, minimize stiffness and swelling, maintain mobility, and become an informed health care consumer. Both physical and emotional rest are important aspects of care. Physical rest reduces joint stress and helps relieve pain. Although rest is essential, therapeutic exercises are important in maintaining joint motion and muscle strength. Hot and cold packs can help relieve discomfort.