Attempts to use bacteria as an expression system have failed since the gene is recognized as a foreign body and eliminated. In 1993 Maugh et al. cloned and expressed the cDNA in yeast. There are other examples of adhesive proteins. It can cause damages by clogging piping systems and canals of water-treatment plants. Their attachment is also mediated by DOPA proteins though they differ from the MAP of other mussels.
Barnacles also produce a proteinaceous secretion called the barnacle cement.
However it lacks DOPA suggesting that several strategies for adhesion have evolved. Mytilus galloprovincialis Eur. Authorization to photocopy or reproduce this article for internal or personal use is granted by the SIB provided its content is not modified.