Affect refers to the feelings or emotions that exist among family members. It may be positive or negative. Some parents find it hard to express love and affection. Adolescents want parents who will accept them as they are. Adolescents want parents to trust them.
Autocratic control tends to produce a combination of rebellion and dependency.
The effect of punitive measures is usually negative. Permissive control results in lack of socialization and produces many negative effects. The authoritative but democratic home has the most positive effect. The most functional families are those in which the parents are flexible, adaptable, and tolerant in their ideas and behavior. As a result, they destroy the adolescents self-esteem, eliminate individuality, and create stress between the parents and adolescents.