Similarly, launching anything new without adequate testing of prototypes in the real world is another way to plan for failure. When we examine the root causes of these planned failures, we quickly discover some strong themes. Lack of communication, internal and external, is a primary cause. No one has provided purchasing with any information about the performance of these components. Designers don't deliberately choose components or materials that will fail in the plant or in service, but often they have little information about plant or field failures.
Designers often have incomplete or poor information about the product's actual use in the field.
The second common cause of many of these planned failures is the crush of time schedules. Launch targets are set by management based on hope rather than analysis of past similar designs and resource requirements. The schedule crunch then prevents adequate prototyping, testing and field evaluations. The third cause is the unwillingness of internal departments or external organizations to work together. In the case of airline scheduling, the obvious solution is for the airlines and FAA to work together to create realistic schedules based on solid experience and data.