Successful use of these alternatives requires a knowledge of pest biology, appropriate techniques for management of anticipated pest problems, and knowledge of the best management practices for alfalfa production. Given the relatively limited number of available pesticides, growers are forced to capitalize on nonpesticide alternatives for many pests or accept losses. For many alfalfa pests, particularly diseases and weeds, IPM begins in the planning stages with site selection, fertility and pH management, varietal selection, planting date, seed bed preparation, and other decisions that affect crop health. IPM activities are used to protect the potential yield or quality. Even the best IPM efforts, however, cannot offset losses incurred through improper production practices or poor stand establishment.
Cultural practices afford adequate control for a number of key pests.
For alfalfa weevil and potato leafhopper, for example, early harvest is a preferred option in most situations. Varietal selection and various cultural practices are essentially the only methods available to minimize impacts of alfalfa diseases. Only a portion of clear-seeded alfalfa stands are treated with herbicides, and in most situations small amounts of weeds are accepted as part of normal production. Cultural controls, including sound agronomic practices, optimize the ability of the alfalfa stand to suppress weeds. These documents were last updated in 1996.