Motions to adopt it have also been tabled in several states. Approval voting does pass the Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives criterion. It can't directly be evaluated using some of the other criteria listed above, however, since their statement is specific to preferential voting methods. However, various counter-intuitive situations can stil arise. For example, take the following preference ballots.
Alternative b wins, and the dishonest voters have achieved a preferred outcome.
Another problem is that the mapping from a voter preference ballot to a set of approved voters is poorly defined. In this case, alternative b wins, and this change has affected the outcome. Jr. Topics in the Theory of Voting . Birkh user, 1980.