Abstaining from sexual intercourse has no ill-effect on the health of male or female young adults. A range of sexual expressions are possible during abstinence, including hugging, holding hands, massage, body rubbing, kissing, masturbation and mutual masturbation. Abstinence should be discussed as an option both for young adults who have not initiated sexual intercourse and for those who have already begun sexual activity. In discussing abstinence, providers should help youth gain the skills to cope with peer and partner pressure.
Abstinence requires high motivation and self-control.
Partner communication and cooperation are also essential. Social support for delaying sexual activity can help young adults practice abstinence. Nonetheless, abstinence can be difficult for a sizable proportion of young adults. For this reason, policy-makers and service providers must ensure that all youth have information about, and access to, reliable contraceptive options.