Farmers build and improve soils by adding compost and mulch, which feeds a system of naturally occurring bacteria, fungi, earthworms and other organisms that make nutrients available to crops. Loose, organic soils promote root growth and hold more water. Weeds controlled with mulch, mechanical tilling or cover crops, which hold and fertilize soils and provide habitat for beneficial insects. Plants grown organically may be healthier and therefore more resistant to diseases and pests. Pest outbreaks are controlled by mechanical and biological methods.
Animals have access to outdoors and are fed organically grown feeds.
Some pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers prohibited at least three years before harvest. Crop rotation required to avoid pest and disease outbreaks. Sewage sludge, irradiation and genetically engineered products prohibited. Soil fertility managed through tillage and supplemented with plant waste, composted animal waste and allowed synthetic materials. Pests, weeds and diseases controlled with physical, mechanical and biological controls.