We add slowly in order to keep the nitronium ion concentration low and avoid polynitration of the ring. Cold temperatures slow down the reaction rate and also help avoid over-nitration. The correct product is 4. The nitrating mixture is extremely reactive. We add slowly in order to keep the nitronium ion concentration low and avoid polynitration of the ring.
Cold temperatures slow down the reaction rate and also help avoid over-nitration.
The correct reactants are 3. When protonated, it deactivates the ring and leads to other reactions, such as oxidation or meta -nitration.