The modulus is high and specific stiffness is exceeded only by molybdenum, titanium, nickel and cobalt alloys, and some cast irons and advanced composites. The toughness of steel is also superior to most other materials given correct selection of composition and treatment. Steel components may be manufactured by a variety of techniques which include casting, forging, hot and cold rolling, cold forming and powder forging. Joining is possible by a wide variety of techniques. Steels are subdivided into types based upon method of manufacture, hardening or characteristic properties.
Disadvantages are low strength and toughness.
Good surface finish, dimensional tolerance, good machinability , high strength at low cost and availability. Disadvantages are low toughness, directionality in mechanical properties and high impact transition temperature. Disadvantages are that it is mostly available as plate or sheet. These are used primarily for structural applications. Wide range of strengths available.