Enforcement activities are concentrated on cable piracy as a way of building up these other businesses. Industry investigators are still pursuing this new and dangerous phenomenon. MPA had excellent cooperation from the police in running many raids against pirate video dealers and duplicators in 1995 and 1996, some raids involving the seizure of thousands of cassettes. It has been particularly gratifying that these pirates have often been subject to immediate detention in jail, adding to deterrence in the system. MPA enforcement has concentrated on cable piracy in Bombay, and results have been significant, with the problem virtually eliminated there.
Cable piracy continues to flourish in other cities, however.
Enforcement is hindered by the overburdened Indian court system, which can take up to seven years to complete a criminal case, making the otherwise deterrent statutory penalties less valuable. MPA was able to get a number of cases into the court system and hopes to get decisions in those cases in 1997. Procedural problems also slow down and weaken enforcement. Second, actual proof of copyright ownership is necessary, rather than the more common standard of proof based on a statutory presumption of copyright subsistence and ownership. On this latter point it is noteworthy that in September 1996 the Indian Supreme Court created a presumption of copyright infringement if videocassettes do not carry censor certificates declaring copyright ownership and identifying the producer.