These are more affordable than cars for many and often serve as a stepping stone to car ownership. Their numbers are expected to grow especially in China and India. In general, energy consumption increases with income and decreases with density. In other Third World cities, power plants, factories, and other stationary sources still constitute the greatest threat to air quality. It may damage human hearing, affect pyschological well being, and decrease property values.
Accidents are the leading cause of death among people in economically active age group.
About 1 Million people in the world die from accidents every year. Majority of deaths take place in Third World countries. Keep in mind that each city has its own mix of transportation problems, and therefore, it requires its own combination of outlined policies. Curitiba See handout on Curitiba.