In basic research chemists investigate the properties, composition, and structure of matter and the laws that govern the combination of elements and reactions of substances. In applied research and development, they create new products and processes or improve existing ones, often using knowledge gained form basic research. Chemists also work in production and quality control in chemical manufacturing plants. They prepare instructions for plant workers which specify ingredients, mixing times and temperatures for each stage in the process. They also test samples of raw materials or finished products to ensure they meet industry and government standards, including the regulations governing pollution.
Chemists also record and report on test results, and improve existing or develop new test methods.