If prostate cancer is suspected, a transrectal ultrasound and prostate biopsies are performed. In some patients x-rays of the kidneys or ultrasound are advised. Microwave heating of the prostate and prostatic stents are experimental at this time but might be widely available in the future. Balloon dilation of the prostate is beneficial in some patients but has fallen out of favor due to poor long-term results. Medications either relax the muscles within the prostate or shrink the prostate tissue.
All current medications require life-long daily therapy.
The muscle-relaxing drugs, known as alpha blockers, are successful in 40 to 70 percent of patients. The higher the dose, the greater the success rate. Side effects can include dizziness, headache, fatigue, and lowered blood pressure. Unlike other hormone therapy drugs, this medication does not cause impotence or loss of sex drive. It often takes three to six months to achieve its maximum effect and is effective in 30 to 35 percent of cases.