Sometimes no alternative available to the agent represents such a morally decent resolution. In Chapter VIII, I offer an analysis of the sources of moral dilemmas. First, I show that normative indeterminacy is not the only source of genuine moral dilemmas. Moral dilemmas arise because the agent deliberates under constraints, that is, under non-ideal conditions of practical rationality. These constraints are not only normative, but also cognitive and situational.
Dilemmas generated by cognitive and situational constraints are genuine.
This is because the constraints that generate them are constitutive of the agent's capacity, and not just a sign of the agent's defective rationality. Second, I show that there are different kinds of normative indeterminacy, not all of which are worrisome. Dilemmas may occur because of an indeterminate theory of deliberation. Deliberation is a complex activity. The criteria of justification are normative criteria for judging morally and offer grounds for decision-making.