Disciplinary arrangements can also be covered by the legislation. Their employer can discipline general labor law employees in any legal manner subject to collective bargaining agreements, although judicial review is often possible under general labor law. By contrast, civil servants can be disciplined according to specific legislated disciplinary provisions. Rewards and wage-bargaining are often also covered by civil service legislation. General labor law employees can be rewarded in any manner subject to minimum wage legislation and collective bargaining agreements.
Civil servants can have rewards packages reflecting factors other than market conditions.
Generally, civil service remuneration is determined by legislation. Trade unions have usually only a consultative role. Where there is a civil service, then this legislation always covers the permanent employees of civilian central government and, in some settings, subnational government. Often teachers, health professionals, and the police are excluded. Comments and additional data are most welcome.