Value-free statements about the world contain no reference to what is good or bad, nor are they influenced by anyone's judgments of what is good or bad in any sense. Science has nothing to do with values, either in the statement of its theories, or in the methods it uses to obtain those theories. Therefore, all intentional actions of scientists, including the acceptance or rejection of theories, are driven by values. Therefore all of science is value-laden. These are also called cognitive values .
Cognitive values are generally related or thought to be indicators of truth.
They are called this because, unlike cognitive values, they tend to vary from one scientific context to another. E.g., preference for a theory based on the gender or race of its author. However, contextual values may be less obnoxious, like preference based on the scientific institution of its author, or on a sense of loyalty to one s teachers or to the scientific community to which you belong. We seemed to have reached the conclusion that science is not, as it actually exists, free of non-cognitive values. When contextual values intrude into science, their influence is invariably pernicious.