Documented in Upper Egypt and part of Lower Egypt. Tomb 100, Hierakonpolis. Named from the sites of Naqada and el-Gerzah. See continuation of spread of Naqada culture into Lower Egypt. Abrupt change in quality of burials and emergence of clear state symbolism suggest formation of centralized state.
Burials indicate social hierarchies and competition among elites.
Exact nature of social organization is unclear. Emergence of elite cemetery at North Saqqara. Probably a series of rulers who attempt to unite the Nile valley as competition reaches a peak. Center of power for Upper Egypt seems to have been Hierakonpolis. Hierakonpolis sanctuary and wall.