Improves bradykinesia and rigidity. Risk of hemorrhage, irreversible procedure. Long term results unknown. Safety of bilateral procedure undefined. Thalamotomy Same as pallidotomy, but targeted for the improvement of tremor Risk of hemorrhage, irreversible procedure.
Bilateral procedure can cause speech problems.
Tissue implants Reduction, or possible discontinuation of levodopa use. Long term results are unknown. Risk of infection and rejection. Bilateral stimulation possible. Long term results are unknown.