Deep tillage causes rapid losses of stored soil moisture. Chemical fallow or shallow sweep tillage which leaves a dust mulch and large amounts of crop residue on the surface should be considered in dry years. Use chisel plows only in fields that have a tillage pan. Examine the soil and plant root systems closely before primary tillage. If significant root limiting hard pans are not present, skip deep tillage.
Adequate fertility can greatly improve water use efficiency.
Nutrient starved wheat is not efficient with respect to water use efficiency. 8- inch depth greatly improved yield, whereas shallow P application did not improve water use efficiency in dry conditions. Be careful with N rates. Excessive N is not helpful in drought conditions. Consider using a low rate of fall applied N, followed by a topdress application if conditions warrant in the spring.