When a user performs an action they should not have, according to organizational policy or law. Definitions of which users have access to files or directories for what purposes. A firewall system in which service is provided by processes that maintain complete TCP connection state and sequencing. Application level firewalls often readdress traffic so that outgoing traffic appears to have originated from the firewall, rather than the internal host. The process that validates a user's log-in information.
Authentication usually involves comparing the user name and passwords to a list of authorized users.
When a match is found, the user can log in and access the system according to their assigned rights or permissions. A portable device used for authenticating a user. The process of determining what types of activities are permitted. An authentication technique whereby a server sends an unpredictable challenge to the user, who computes a response using some form of authentication token. A technique under UNIX whereby a process is permanently restricted to an isolated subset of the file system.