Since fall tiller development can be slow in no-till, determining tiller density at Feekes Growth Stage 3 is especially important. If the density is low, splitting spring nitrogen will help achieve a high yield. Several satisfactory sources of nitrogen are available for topdressing small grain. These solutions contain from 30 to 32 percent actual nitrogen. Although the solution may cause slight foliar burn, there is little likelihood of reduced yields from this effect if the fertilizer is applied before jointing.
Ammonium sulfate is readily available, especially in eastern North Carolina.
Sulfur may be important in fields with rather deep sandy surfaces if no other sulfur has been applied within the past 1 or 2 years. Its popularity stems from its high nitrogen content, usually competitive prices, and low degree of metal corrosion. Under certain conditions, volatility losses can occur when urea is applied to sandy soil. However, if it is broadcast as early as possible in the spring when the soil surface is moist, wind speed is at a minimum, temperature is relatively low, and humidity is high, no loss should occur. When urea is applied to silty or clayey soil surfaces, volatilization does not seem to be a problem.