Frequently, red oak acorns brought in by birds or mammals germinate and flourish for one to two years on food reserves of the acorn, then expire. Non-flowering plants, such as mosses, liverworts, ferns, and lichens carpet the ground and trunks of trees. This textured carpet resembles miniature fairyland landscapes. Succeeded by northern mesic forest. Peat and moist mineral soils.
Cedar swamps are favorite wintering grounds for white-tailed deer.
Deer gather in tight social groups in areas called deer yards. Trout Lake Cedar Swamp S.A., Point Beach State Park. Glaciated regions of NE North America, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ontario, New York, New England, and Quebec.