The revised 1996 constitution guarantees many basic rights and gives more power to the presidency. The judicial system is theoretically independent, but retains little autonomy. Courts are subject to external influences and limited by scant training and resources. Thousands of pretrial detainees are imprisoned under very difficult and sometimes deadly conditions. Constitutionally guaranteed freedoms of assembly and association are often not respected.
Authorities can prohibit gatherings and have banned or dispersed numerous opposition demonstrations.
Freedom of religion is respected, although political parties formed on religious, ethnic, or regional bases are barred. Human rights and other nongovernmental organizations face increasing pressure. Constitutional protections for free expression are often ignored by security forces. Several newspapers have been closed for various offenses and periods. Professional training requirements that were announced in October for editors may force many senior independent journalists from their jobs.