Oct. 23 - Nov. 3 Battle of El Alamein. Allied forces land in North Africa. May 12 Axis resistance in Africa ends. Jul. 5-12 Tank battle of Kursk.
Allied forces invade Sicily.
Sep. 3 Allies land in Italy. Italy signs armistice. Oct. 3 Italy declares war on Germany. Nov. 6 Russians recapture Kiev. Russians break siege of Leningrad.