Humans are considered closed systems. Synthesis of starch. Peptide bonding in proteins. The hydrophilic interactions of lipids. The digestion of starch to glucose.
Carbohydrates normally function in animals as the functional units of lipids.
A lipid found in neutral fats. A lipid which is the major component of membranes. A carbohydrate with three sugars. In a phospholipid bilayer, the two fatty acids groups on each phospholipid are pointed outward, towards the aqueous environment. A nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.