Fallopian tubes may become damaged or obstructed. Partial or complete blockage can interfere with the ability of the sperm to reach the oocyte. The rate of infertility due to fallopian tube obstruction and damage is higher in underdeveloped countries than in developed countries because the prevalence of reproductive tract infection and sexually transmitted diseases is higher. Treatment of fallopian tube disorders may require specialized surgery. Cervical Disorders Anatomical problems, cervical infections, and mucus quality are possible causes of cervical disorders.
Cervical mucus is defined as secretions that fill the opening of the cervix.
The mucus lining is vital in the progress of the sperm through the female reproductive tract. Under normal circumstances, the mucus changes in quantity and quality throughout the menstrual cycle. Thick mucus at the beginning of the cycle plugs the cervical opening, preventing sperm and bacteria from penetrating the cervix. At mid-cycle, estrogen causes the mucus to become thin, watery, and stretchy thus more readily allowing sperm into the cervix. If an abnormality occurs in the mucus, the environment may be unfavorable for sperm travel.