The combination of wildlife and livestock increases biodiversity and increases the income of pastoralists and ranchers. Establishing protected areas to preserve biodiversity has been a preferred option around the world. The need for uniform genotypes for industrial production systems leads to extinction of local livestock breeds and genetic erosion of others. About 600, or 20 percent of all livestock breeds, are currently at risk of extinction. Pig breeds in China, dairy breeds in India, and buffaloes are especially threatened.
Concentrate feeds .
The growing demand for concentrate feeds for pigs and poultry, and to a lesser extent for dairy and beef production, leads to area expansion and intensification with subsequent negative effects on forest habitats and biodiversity. This demand promotes a continuous transfer of nutrients from feed-producing areas to areas of high livestock concentration, particularly when associated with industrial production. Many technologies are available, however, that reduce the environmental impacts of cropping. Greenhouse gases . There are many opportunities to harmonize livestock production with sustainability through changes in incentives, regulations, and institutions.