Nesting behaviour Nests are built well apart usually under bushes . Two eggs are laid and in good years both chicks are reared. Incubation takes 38 to 41 days shared equally between both parents in shifts of 1 to 3 days. Chicks are brooded and guarded for 40 days after hatching with feeding and guard duties shared between the parents. Chicks moult and go to sea when 70 to 100 days old.
African penguins eat mostly fish supplemented by a few percent of crustaceans.
Bibliography Penguins John Sparks and Tony Soper, Facts on File Publications, Oxford, 1987. Penguins of the World Pauline Reilly, OUP, Oxford, 1994. The Penguins Tony D Williams, OUP, Oxford, 1995.