Sorbitol, Mannitol, Malitol, and Xylitol are sugar alcohols or polyols. They occur naturally in fruits and are produced commercially from such sources as dextrose. Xylitol is a sugar alcohol made from a part of birch trees. Sorbitol, mannitol, and malitol are about half as sweet as sucrose. Xylitol has a sweetness equal to sucrose.
Brown sugar is sucrose, just like white sugar.
Brown sugar may have had less processing than white, although this does not affect the nutritional value, or it may be white sugar to which molasses has been added to change the color and flavor. Raw sugar is also sucrose, just like white sugar. Raw sugar is just less refined than white sugar, but again this does not offer any nutritional value. Sugar in any form is not a good source of vitamins or minerals. Honey offers no special health benefits.