A network configuration with a single central switching facility and all other devices connected directly to that hub. A bus is inherently a multipoint configuration and requires a sharing discipline. A branching network topology with a single root or central hub and no cycles or interconnections that form a ring. The bus structure can be generalised to a tree by connecting multiple buses on a bus, as though they were branches on a tree. This preserves the broadcast nature of the network.
Devices are most often connected to buses and trees passively, that is.
If two ends of a single bus are connected together, we have a ring topology. Because a ring has no ends at which to absorb signals, transmission must be limited to a single direction, and the attached devices are required to forward those signals that are supposed to continue. Tokens Token-passing networks move a small frame, called a token, around the network. Possession of the token grants the right to transmit. If a station receiving the token has no information to send, it simply passes the token to the next station.