John D. Steinbruner and Leon V. Sigal, editors. Washington, Brookings Institution, 1983. The Arithmetic of Force Planning, by William W. Kaufmann, pp 208-216. Lanchester's equations used in a model of the NATO-Warsaw Pact balance by defense analyst Wm.
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Fairfax, VA, Hero Books, 1985. Book call no. Washington, Brookings Institution, 1985. In this study, Joshua Epstein contends that Lanchester's equations fail to capture warfare's basic dynamics and present a fundamentally misleading picture of war. He then presents new, alternative equations of his own.