The break with the Jewish synagogues did not happen quickly. In most places he was driven out. The early Christian congregations were synagogues that recognized Jesus as the Messiah. What happened in Corinth was a case of incest, which was a criminal act, and it seems Paul recommended handing the person to the city magistrates to assign the usual civil penalty. This has to be done in a Christian church if for example someone is found abusing children, or selling drugs on church property.
Criminal consequences is one thing, but being excluded from the family table is another.
Jesus wanted the disciples to remember what he had said when this happened. The disciples have a sense of foreboding, but they dare not ask where Jesus is going. By the inspiration and power of the Holy Spirit the disciples would fan out all over the world, face totally new situations and opportunities, and be empowered for exploits which they could never have done when they were still in training with Jesus by their side to help them. The coming is not in the future, as if the Holy Spirit had not been active in Jesus' ministry. The way we translate these three functions of the Spirit will depend on the model we use to explain his work among us.