For previously tagged trunk sprouts that are a long way from the base of the tree, we will rely on previous years' data. For basal sprouts, this is 0, and for most saplings, this is also 0, but if a sapling is on mound or in a pit, it may have elevation. If the stem is growing in a pit, the elevation may be negative. Both elevation and height of emergence should be recorded where appropriate, even if they are equal. Only for sprouts.
Clumps emerge from the same point on the root collar.
In the data file, columns D1991, D1993, and D1996 record whether a stem is dead, living or gone in each of these years of measurement.