Although English-language dailies and journals remain highly influential, the role of the vernacular press is increasing steadily in absolute and relative importance.
Book publishing is a thriving industry.
Academic titles account for a large fraction of all works published, but there is also a considerable market for literature. Radio broadcasting began privately in 1927 but became a monopoly of the state in 1930. In 1937 it was given its current name, All India Radio, and since 1957 it has been known as Akashvani. Television was introduced experimentally by Akashvani in 1959, and regular broadcasting commenced in 1965. Despite the government's broadcasting monopoly, rules of fairness allow opposition voices to be heard, especially during election campaigns.