Complications due to signs and symptoms are usually quite severe and can lead to hospitalization. Water and electrolytes can become imbalanced. The colon can become dilated or perforated from inflammation. Thromboembolism, hemorrhaging, anemia, malnutrition may occur. Severe attacks may scar and constrict the colon.
Colon cancer can develop because of the changes in the cells of the lining.
The cause of ulcerative colitis is unknown. Currently, doctors believe that a virus or atypical bacteria triggers ulcerative colitis. Salmonella in poultry and eggs and Escherichia coli in beef are the most common bacteria that may trigger ulcerative colitis. Campylobacter jejun found in pets and farm animals and Clostridium in amoxicillin also play a role in the development of ulcerative colitis. Those individuals with family members who have had ulcerative colitis are at a greater risk of developing it.