The guidelines reflect the best current mooring technology and practice. Although the publication was developed for tankers, many of the principles adopted and recommendations concerning equipment strength and installation criteria apply to all ships. The guidelines recommend a minimum requirement for the total mooring system and are intended for ship designers, surveyors, and ship and terminal operators. Hancox, M. 1994. Hinz, E. R. 1987.
All serious sailors know a few techniques for heavy weather.
But few are aware that a boat can ride out storms in greater comfort while lying to a sea anchor over the bow and can effectively run under control with the wind by using a drogue streamed over the stern. The author estimates minimum sea anchor sizes and appropriate drogue sizes for both power and sailboats, and makes recommendations for specific drag devices. Design, size, and length of the tether are qualified and related to sea conditions. Using Parachutes, Sea Anchors and Drogues to Cope with Heavy Weather. Shane, V. 3rd ed.