Evidence suggests that welding is not a particularly hazardous occupation provided the welder is appropriately protected. General ventilation, local point exhaust and personal respiratory protection all serve to remove or reduce risk to the worker. Aluminium appears to pose less of a hazard than many other metals, but inhalation of fumes should be avoided. Cadmium occurs in some alloys. It may also be part of the coating of the welding electrode, or in other protective coatings.
Chronic effects are emphysema and kidney damage.
Potential exposure to cadmium fumes warrants stringent preventative measures. Chromium is used as an alloying agent in stainless steel. Prolonged excessive exposure to chromium may result in skin irritation and a greater risk of lung cancer. Welders may also become sensitised to chromium, and develop skin eczema when exposed to small amounts. Copper is found in many alloys, such as brass and bronze, as well as in welding electrodes.