The renewal of forest cover may be by natural means or by seeding or planting.
Conifers typically regenerate from seed.
Trees may be planted on lands which have been in some non-forestry use, such as farming, or to convert woodland from one tree species to another. Other kinds of plants may be cultivated along with, or in place of, trees in order to improve wildlife habitat, enhance visual aesthetics, or control erosion. The three major types of harvesting methods used in Michigan are shortwood, tree length, and whole-tree methods. It is critical that the harvesting method be compatible with the silvicultural system and site conditions of a particular forest stand. Improper logging can seriously damage a stand, which will have long lasting effects and undo years of careful management.