Note as many features as possible, but don't be influenced by photographs or anyone else's description of the object. This may also be an appropriate place to record subsequent observations that reveal additional details missed the first time. A surprising number of published record forms don't include the location, but it's an important item insofar as it tells you a lot about the prevailing conditions. Other Names means any other designation that an object may carry. For example, most Messier objects are also Herschel objects.
Coordinates are right ascension and declination.
That's more in the nature of a convenience if you use setting circles and refer back to your records for re-observation. I've included them as a field in my computer database, but have not populated it. The one situation where coordinates are a necessity is if you come upon an object that isn't recorded on an atlas - this could be a comet, nova, asteroid, etc. Time is important for noting anything transient, which obviously includes all solar system objects or when noting anything you feel is unusual. Seeing refers to the steadiness of the image.