Temperatures in the range 400-600 degrees F. are best for unalloyed titanium. F. Hot forming lubricants generally contain graphite or molybdenum disulfide and may be applied over zinc phosphate conversion coatings. Mandrel benders are recommended particularly for tight bends. Wiper dies and mandrels should be smooth and well lubricated to minimize titanium's tendency to gall. Bending should be slow.
Bends made without mandrel require larger radii.
400 to 600 degrees F. Consideration should be given to using heavier wall tubing for tight bends to compensate for thinning which takes place at the tubes outer periphery on bending.