Any material that elicits an immune response. An antibody that is the mirror image of another antibody. HIV may induce apoptosis in both infected and uninfected immune system cells. A group of participants in a clinical trial, all of whom receive the same treatment, intervention or placebo. For example, an attenuated virus can no longer produce disease but might be used as a vaccine.
B cells produce proteins called antibodies.
A virus of insects used in the production of some HIV vaccines. The first or starting measurements in a study. A clinical trial in which participants are unaware as to whether or not they are in the experimental or control arm of the study. Binding antibodies may or may not adversely affect the virus. The immune response in which cells such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes fight infection.