The basic requirements for building codes, permits and inspections is to protect life and property. Now you care. These are intended to be general. Permits are also required for plumbing, mechanical, and electrical work. Unless you really know what you're doing, it is often best to leave this type of work to the professionals.
All homeowners holding their own permits are subject to the same regulations as contractors.
They must call for inspections, make all corrections required by the inspector, and pay all the same fees. This includes all work requiring a permit, as well as work not requiring a permit. When hiring a contractory, don't be shy - ask to SEE the license. Be cautious if a builder asks you to get the permit. There probably is a reason he can't get one himself.