It was assumed that all the power was replaced with imports from Canada. Similar results were obtained when the capacity of various fossil fuel units in northern New England was increased. The data shown in Table 1 include loads with negative amounts of real power. Using these data, the power factor would be about 0.75. When the loads with negative amounts of real power are excluded, the total amount of real power increases from 17,093 to 18,125 megawatts.
Apparent power equals the square root of the squared amount of real and reactive power.
Thus, when all the loads with negative amounts of real power are excluded, the total amount of apparent power decreases from 22,913 to 20,629 megawatts. Voltage control was probably one reason why that was done. Additionally, since these are short-run marginal costs, they do not include some generating costs that are fixed in the very short run but are variable over longer periods of time. Examples of such costs include variable nonfuel operating and maintenance costs and some overhead expenses. The two outliers appear to be the result of errors in the FERC Form 715 data.