Pack size is usually determined by prey availability and size, and the number of wolves that can exist within a pack without causing conflicts among members. A ranking system of dominance is maintained in the pack. It is based on aggressive interactions among members of the pack. Rank of an individual is demonstrated by its posture and degree of submissiveness. Rank determines who can eat first and who can mate.
Communication is important among wolves within and among packs.
Vocalizations such as howling are used for gathering the pack together before a hunt and for territorial announcements to other packs. Wolf movements are usually at night and cover long distances. Habitat Northern boreal and coniferous forests, as well as open brushy areas. Found in mountains and high elevations. Likes bog country in midwest.