These antibodies help your immune system to prevent the anthrax bacteria from producing toxins that could otherwise kill you, if you became infected with anthrax. Nearly everyone who receives two doses of anthrax vaccine has some antibody response. The full series plus annual booster doses provides maximum and on-going protection. No, taking the anthrax vaccine has no affect on civilian or military aviation status. The Federal Aviation Administration reports that people vaccinated against anthrax are not disqualified from performing civilian airman duties.
Anthrax vaccine contains no live bacteria and poses no safety risk.
In fact, your bone marrow might confer temporary immunity to the diseases to which you are immune to the marrow recipient. The immune response to anthrax vaccine would have no adverse effect on the internal organs of the kidney or marrow recipient. Anthrax vaccine is a sterile product made from filtrates of inactivated bacterial cultures. Sterile filtration during manufacturing yields a vaccine containing no whole organisms, thereby presenting no possibility of infection to the recipient, whether immunodeficient or not. Yes, at least three times.