To date, no studies on life history or ecology have been conducted on this species. A population of Choctawatchee beach mice is capable of producing a maximum of six generations per year. Actual reproduction rates are probably less. Breeding may occur at any time, but reaches its peak during fall and winter. Litter size may range from two to seven.
Beach mice are monogamous and remain in the same home range until the death of either mate.
Their average lifespan is 180 days. Females reach sexual maturity at 6 weeks of age. Historically known from Okaloosa, Walton and Bay Counties, Florida, the Choctawhatchee beach mouse was originally found along the Gulf on mature coastal dunes between Choctawhatchee and St. Andrew Bays. Shell Island at St. Andrews Bay in Bay County. In 1979, the species' total population was conservatively estimated at 515, consisting of 357 beach mice on Shell Island, and 158 mice in the Topsail Hill area.