Only the vessel to be occluded should be incorporated in a ligature or clip. To avoid excessive tissue damage, only the vessel to be occluded is in contact with the electrode. Proper use of surgical instruments minimizes trauma. Accurate tissue apposition enhances healing and promotes rapid return to normal function. Retraction and dissection of tissue can produce pockets known as dead space.
Dead space can delay healing and serve as a site for bac-terial growth and fluid accumulation .
As a procedure is concluded, tissues are replaced to their normal anatomic positions. Most tissues should be apposed with minimal amount of tension and sutures must not devitalize the tissue in which they are placed. Type of suture material and pattern to be used will be dictated by the tissue involved and forces applied to those tissues. Because physicians normally work with cooperative human patients, they must re-evaluate surgical materials and methods to be used with animals. Intraoperative patient support and monitoring - Accepted medical and veterinary surgical practice requires assessment of the physiologic status of the animal on a regular basis.