Monocytes and T lymphocytes attach to them and migrate between the endothelial cells .
Arterial injury differs in two respects.
Sources of arterial injury likely to be chronic . Growth factors , cytokines regulate numerous critical cell functions. During the process of atherogenesis, they may act in cell recruitment and migration , cell proliferation . During the advanced stages lesions become thicker, fibrous plaques become vascularized and contain venule-like channels. These channels could play a critical role in the terminal phases of atherosclerosis, such as fissuring, cracking or ulceration, lead to hemorhage from the lumen or from these small vessels , and set the stage for the formation of a terminal thrombus .