Both PAH and aromatics amines play major roles in lung and bladder cancers.
Adducts are carcinogenic residues bound to DNA or proteins.
PAH-DNA adducts are linked to lung cancer. Hemoglobin-aromatic amine adducts are more common in smokers and are associated with increased chance of bladder cancer. This gene is highly polymorphic and the two CYP1A1 polymorphisms with enhanced activity are associated with increased risk of lung cancer in smokers. One polymorphism is associated with more PAH-DNA adducts in wbc. PAH-DNA adducts in lung biopsies.