There are many different types of logic, but we aren't going to concern ourselves with flow charts, boolean operators, and that sort of thing. Inductive logic is the more lenient form of logic. It can only be used to show that something is likely to be true or false. There will always be some amount of doubt about the conclusions made with inductive reasoning. Inductive logic is typically used in science to find general truths based on specific observations.
Deductive logic is the stricter type of logic.
It is used to prove that something is true or false, based on certain assumptions. Since deductive logic deals with proofs, it is the better choice when you are trying to persuade someone to agree with you. An argument is a series of statements which are intended to convince someone that something is true. The premises are the basic assumptions of your argument. Premises may be stated in the argument, or might simply be implied.