This simple methodology works with big projects and small projects. The scientists then broke down the project into a myriad of discrete steps. For example, one project team had to figure out how to provide enough air for the astronauts to breathe over the voyage. Other project teams had to figure out how much fuel to carry, how to feed the astronauts, how to dispose of waste, how to keep the astronauts occupied, and so on. They also developed a time line for achieving these steps.
Commercial managers are good at seeing the forest from the trees.
Scientists are good at seeing the individual trees in the forest. Both aptitudes are required for a successful research and development project. I return to the scope of the project. It is in this document that you mention the deliverables. The scope of the project is usually attached as an exhibit to the contract.