Mechanism of Action. The pharmacologic action of cacodylic acid is intimately related to its biochemistry. The effects of cacodylic acid are essentially those of inorganic arsenic. However, because conversion to arsenic is very slow, its action is more prolonged and considerably less toxic. The local irritant effects of cacodylic acid are minimal compared to those of arsenic.
Cacodylic acid is judged as essentially non-irritating to both skin and eyes.
Signs and Symptoms. Ingestion of a toxic dose of cacodylic acid by humans may cause slight burning of the mouth and throat, gastroenteric pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, haematuria, albuminuria, dehydration, jaundice, oliguria, and collapse. Shock may develop as a consequence of paralysis and increased permeability of the capillaries. Following ingestion of a toxic dose of cacodylic and further absorption should be prevented by gastric lavage, emesis or activated charcoal. Fluids should be given to combat dehydration.