Canals can contain blood, pulp, tissues, sodium hypochlorite, and other fluids.
A current produces no patient discomfort. After trying almost every machine on the market, I am most happy to say that there now seems to be one that is so accurate that it can be used reliably in day to day clinical practice. Initially, we did not assume that this apex locator would be consistently accurate. We consider this a real advancement and time saver in endodontic treatment. Dr. Deutsch practices in New York, N.Y. with Dr. Barry Lee Musikant, Dr. Douglas Kase, Dr. Amy Dukoff and Dr. Rory Mortman.