Conferences are much more likely than court to express clear disapproval of both the type of offence and the specific crime the offender committed. The observers found no difference, however, in the amount of stigmatic shaming expressed in court and conference. Conferences are superior to court in evoking offender expressions of remorse. Both drink drivers and young offenders are rated as more apologetic in conferences than in court. Young offenders are twice as likely to offer apologies for their crimes in conferences as in court.
Conferences are also superior in evoking forgiveness in response to offenders' remorse.
Both drink driving and young offender conferences were much more likely to elicit forgiveness than court appearances. Canberra's police have also succeeded in creating the emotional intensity that Professor Braithwaite recommends for effective shaming. Offenders were also more likely to cry in conferences, although their tears are rare events in both settings. How the Offenders Felt. An essential element in reintegrative shaming is offenders feeling ashamed of what they have done.