Only in rare instances will pneumonia lead to lasting disability or death. Symptoms such as fever, chills, muscle aches, and headache are associated with the flu. In the winter months, influenza is epidemic around the world, transmitted through infected respiratory secretions by coughing or sneezing. World War I. Intense study of the regular mutations of influenza is ongoing to prepare effective vaccines and treatments for this constantly changing virus. Influenza virus can cause pneumonia by direct invasion of the lung when the lungs' defenses are weak.
Bacterial invasion can also cause a secondary pneumonia.
Recently, antibiotic treatment of influenza has been developed. Drugs called neuraminidase inhibitors, as well as Amantadine and Rimantadine, are effective in decreasing symptoms, if given within two days of the onset of symptoms. These drugs can also prevent influenza in patients at high risk, including the elderly or those with immune deficiency, when given during epidemics to unvaccinated patients. The first step in prevention is to maintain good nutrition and get enough sleep. Because cigarette smoking is such an important risk factor for pneumonia, I always recommend people quit.