Profiles of some 'classical' conditions are described below.
Cardiogenic shock is due to a severe depression of left ventricular contractile performance.
The patient is frequently obtunded, oliguria is present, and the extremities are cold and cyanotic. The condition is most commonly caused by myocardial infarction, but it can also complicate conditions such as acute myocarditis and follow prolonged aortic cross-clamping during cardiac surgery. It should be borne in mind that these values describe the response to graded blood loss over a 30 minute period in an individual with intact cardiovascular reflexes. It is particularly associated with gram negative septic foci in either the gastrointestinal or urogenital tract. Note that, in contrast to cardiogenic and haemorrhagic shock, cardiac output is often well-maintained.