Frostbite occurs when the skin and body tissues are exposed to cold temperature for a prolonged period of time. Hands, feet, noses and ears are most likely to be affected. Although anyone who is exposed to freezing cold for a prolonged period of time can get frostbite, people who are taking beta-blockers , which decrease the flow of blood to the skin, are particularly susceptible. Frostbitten skin is hard, pale , cold, and has no feeling. Refreezing may make tissue damage even worse.
Direct heat can burn the tissues that are already damaged.
DO NOT rub or massage the affected area. DO NOT disturb blisters on frostbitten skin. DO NOT smoke or drink alcoholic beverages during recovery as both interfere with blood circulation. Shelter the victim from the cold and move the victim to a warmer place. Remove any constricting jewelry and wet clothing.