26 Origin and composition of fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, natural gas, oil shales and tar sands. Principal classes of organic compounds present in liquid fuels. Conversion to petrochemicals. 27 Properties and test methods for fuel classification. Proximate analysis of solid fuels.
Boiling point ranges, densities and aniline points of liquid fuels.
28 Octane and cetane numbers of petrol and diesel. Determination of gross and net calorific values for solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. 29 Carbonisation of coals and heavy petroleums. Coke and pitch as feedstocks for carbons. Major uses of active carbons.