Maximum concentrations occur around 20 km in the polar atmosphere. Reliable data are obtained from balloon soundings up to about 30 km. At greater altitudes profiles of ozone mixing ratio can be retrieved with a vertical resolution of about 10 km by ground-based microwave radiometer measurements. The mixing ratio maximum appears around 35 km. Some characteristic trace gases which are resided in the stratosphere and troposphere are shown in the right side panel.
Aerosols appear in the stratosphere and troposphere as well.
The observations of aerosols and trace gases are performed with different ground-based instruments.