A frequent associate of sal is haldu Adina cardifolia . On higher ridges bakli Anoqeissus latifolia is predominant, and the other associates are khetwa Piliostigma malabaricum , gurial Bauhinia racemosa , pula Kydia calycina , dhauri Legerstroemia parviflora , amaltas Cassia fistula , bhilawa Semicarpus anacardium , amla Emblica officinalis and ber Ziziphus mauritiana and the less common species are papri Holoptelea integrifolia , kumbhi Carya arborea and mahwa Madhuca indica . Trichoniya Wendlandia heynei , rohni Mallotus philippinensis and jamun Syzygium cumini occur along dry river beds in exposed areas. The Dalgeria sissoo-Acacia catechu association along the Ram Ganga is a notable feature. Amongst the shrubs Clerodendrum viscosum , Colebrookis oppositifolia , Adhatoda vasica , Helictceros isora and Woodfordia fruticosa are predominant, while climbers such as Milletia auriculata , Cryptolepis buchanani , Porana paniculata , Phanera vahlii and Vallaris solanacea are common.
Bamboos are common in some areas.
Palms include Phoenix acauliea and the rare Wallichia densiflora . The only indigenous conifer is chir Pinus roxburghii . Grasses such as Themeda arundinacea , Thysanolena maxima and Vetiveria zizanioides are abundant in the chauds of Patli Dun, while on burnt soil they are associated with herbs such as Vicoa indica , Trichodesma indicum , Lactuca sp., Crotalaria sp., Desmodium sp. and Polygala sp. In the other open areas common grasses include Eulaliopsis binata , Apluda mutica , Oplismenus compositus and Eragrostis uniloides . The comparatively rare ground orchids Zeuxine sp.