Cloning produces genetically identical offspring, either male or female.
Charnas, Suzy McKee ' Motherlines and The Furies . Charnas' women introduced in Motherlines were genetically altered to reproduce parthenogenetically with starter sperm - which they get from intercourse with horses. The sperm contribute no genetic material but the semen is required to start a pregnancy. Citizens are educated to loathe sex with each other. Cloning begins as a last-ditch attempt to save the human species as the environment goes wrong, reproductive abilities decline drastically, and society falls apart.