They are the building blocks of biodiversity. They also form the basis for many commercial activities, such as biotechnology and the development of new pharmaceuticals. Developing countries in particular are concerned with the issue of access to these new technologies for exploiting genetic resources. The Convention addresses this by acknowledging that when a microbe, plant, or animal is used for a commercial application, the country from which it came should also participate and benefit. This offers opportunities for creating new joint ventures and collaborative research programmes.
Biotechnology poses potential risks.
The Convention calls on governments to consider the need for a protocol on the safe transfer, handling, and use of such organisms. Governments must also provide information about their safety regulations and about the potential adverse effects of living modified organisms on biodiversity. Science and technology are vital to the Convention's success. International cooperation in these fields is needed to strengthen human resources and institutional capabilities, particularly in developing countries. The Convention emphasizes joint programmes for research and for developing new technologies, the exchange of information, and the training and exchange of experts.