The more one associates with deviants, the greater the chance the individual will develop deviant attitudes and skills . As with all perspectives, this one has it pet biases. In this case the critique centers on the proposition that deviance is learned. Not all deviance can be accounted for using this assumption. Some individuals, in fact, create deviance anew.
Crimes of passion are a good example.
Also, upper-class crimes may fit here. Wartime black market activities may also fit. Further, many people are exposed to deviance, but are generally law abiding. The labeling, according to Howard Becker, is done by moral entrepreneurs . They are people who use their own views of right and wrong to establish rules and label others as deviant.