Employment covers employees and self-employed. Unpaid family workers are included. Employment data refer to persons with place of work in Germany. Commuters working abroad are excluded, foreigners working in Germany are included.
Data referring to place of residence are available as well.
All persons with a place of work in domestic production units are covered. Excluded are residents, who are frontier workers, members of the crews of ships operated by non-resident units, or staff of foreign government agencies, international organizations and foreign scientific bases located on the geographic territory of Germany. Nature of Basic Data Monthly employment data are not gained from a sample survey. They are estimated using many indicators from different sources available monthly, quarterly and annually. Yearly statistics about civil servants in federal, L nder and community authorities.