Every female gets two X chromosomes, so even if one has color-blind allele, other could be normal and compensate. All daughters are carriers. View pedigree showing hemophilia in the royal families of Europe. Most genetic disorders are rare. Some are frequent in certain populations.
Carriers are heterozygous individuals for recessive diseases.
They are not affected, but can potentially have children Frequency of heterozygotes in population. Still not great, but riskier. Found in all animals, not just humans. Caused by mutation in gene that produces pigment. If no pigment is produced, individual has very pale skin, light hair.