These notes use a phonetic font. To see the characters you can either download the font from the class homepage or view this document as a .pdf file . The systematic or scientific inquiry into human language into its structures and uses and the relationship between them, as well as into the development and acquisition of language. An arbitrary vocal system used by human beings to communicate with one another.
All dialects are equally grammatical from a linguistic point of view.
There is no basis for preferring one set of rules or grammatical competence over another. Judgments about dialects such as illogical, impure, decayed, bastardized often represent judgments of the speakers of the dialect. Often the regional and socio-economic variety spoken in large centers of commerce and government. The standard variety is often the target for second language learning. The book, I told you to read it.