Beef, swine and dairy cattle are generally colorblind and have poor depth perception. This results in an extreme sensitivity to contrasts, which may cause an animal to balk at shadows or rapid changes from light to dark. Sheep are also considered colorblind, but do have good depth perception. Instead, sheep have difficulty picking out small details, such as the open space created by a partially opened gate. Therefore, approaching from the side or front can be less startling to these animals than approaching from behind.
Cows also have a tendency to kick toward a side with pain from inflammation or injuries.
For example, if a dairy cow is suffering from mastitis in one quarter, consider approaching her from the side of the non-affected udder. Livestock with young exhibit a maternal instinct. They are usually more defensive and difficult to handle. When possible, let the young stay as close to the adult as possible when handling. They develop a very distinctive, comfortable attachment to these areas.