Other reports in this collection 4.4.7.4. At a scale greater than a few hectares, land restoration generally can be verified by remote sensing.
Confirmation requires field sampling of soil carbon and aboveground biomass.
This effect increases the demand for energy for cooling, which typically is provided by fossil fuels. Urban vegetation, particularly urban trees, is an important factor in reducing urban heat build-up, reducing the energy demand and thus saving fossil fuels. Although these fossil fuel savings will be accounted for elsewhere, the net carbon store in increased urban vegetation is not. Improving urban trees also contributes to the reduction of ozone formation through their effect on lowering urban heat island temperatures. Ozone in the lower atmosphere is an important GHG as well as a threat to human health.