The average annual rainfall in the middle section of the valley is around 1250 mm. The stream flow of the Kiewa River, in megalitres per hectare of catchment, is about the highest in Victoria. The surface water quality in the area around Willowbrook is very good with clear conditions prevailing in the river and in the creeks. The groundwater quality, and quantity, is excellent throughout the basin. The river flats and terraces of the valley are some of the most productive land in Victoria.
Dairy farming is the main industry with some horse and cattle breeding.
Mel Gibson s excellent Beartooth International cattle stud properties are in the northern area at Tangambalanga and Gundowring. Viticulture is becoming established, and, for the wine enthusiast, Brown Brothers vineyard and epicurean centre at Milawa is about 50 minutes away.