Prolonged use of sodium bicarbonate should be avoided because it may cause severe complications. Diuretic medications cause decrease in total body potassium. They may be prescribed for persons who can tolerate the loss of body fluid that accompanies use of a diuretic. These medications may be given orally or rectally. Dialysis may be used to reduce total body potassium levels, especially if kidney function is compromised.
Dialysis is indicated when more conservative measures have failed or are inappropriate.
Treatment of chronic renal failure may include dietary potassium restriction. Need for potassium supplements and other medications that may cause hyperkalemia should be reviewed by the health care provider. These medications may be stopped, reduced in dose, or substituted by another medication. Salt substitute, often used by people on a low salt diet, should not be used by those with renal failure or a history of hyperkalemia. The probable outcome is variable.