IR radiation gives us the ability to see objects that are partially hidden from optical view, as through a hazy or dusty atmosphere. Additionally, since IR radiation is emitted by objects as heat, we can detect the heat that is being given off by a star, or not being given off. Thereby given an expanded view of an object that was unseen in the optical. The combination of all the forms of radiation gives us the ability to learn different information about the same object in space. This is information that a single form of radiation could not provide.
Cosmic rays are atomic nuclei that enter the Earth's atmosphere at nearly the speed of light.
Some originate in solar flares but their true nature is not well understood. Neutrinos Chargeless, virtually massless particles created in the proton-proton reaction within the Sun's core. The are the best bet to learn about the conditions in the Sun's core. A gravity wave is the gravitational counterpart to an electromagnetic wave. It results from changes in the strength of a gravitational field.