Invariably, ALS results in progressive respiratory muscle weakness and trouble breathing. Classical ALS is characterized by the involvement of both the upper and lower motor neurons. Dr. Jean-Charcot, a noted French neurologist, published the first description of the clinical and pathological features of ALS in 1874, and named the disease. The cause and cure of the disease remain unknown, although vigorous research efforts and clinical drug trials are being pursued in exploring possible causes and treatments of the relentless disease. Glutamate also may lead to the production of detrimental calcium, which can churn out its own supply of DNA-harming free radicals.
Abnormalities can lead to an accumulation of the toxic calcium.
Typically in ALS, the sensory system and bladder, bowel and sexual function are not affected. In addition, the mental faculties usually remain intact. Targeted at adults in their prime years of life, the average age of onset is the mid-fifties, although adults of all ages can be affected. Men get the disease slightly more often than women. Worldwide, the incidence of ALS is 0.5 to 2.4 cases per 100,000, with a prevalence of 2.5 to 7 cases per 100,000 population.