They are accordingly more accessible. Suppression and enhancement are triggered by information that specifies the anaphor's identity. More explicit anaphors trigger more suppression and enhancement. Suppression and enhancement explain why speakers and writers use more explicit anaphors at longer referential distances, at the beginnings of episodes, and for less topical concepts. The mechanisms of suppression and enhancement also explain why comprehenders have more difficulty accessing referents at longer referential distances, at the beginnings of episodes, and for less topical concepts.
Cataphoric devices enhance the activation of the concepts they mark.
Individual differences in structure building are described in Chapter 5. Comprehensible information, regardless of its medium, is structured, and comprehenders differ in how skillfully they use the cognitive processes and mechanisms that capture this structure. The distinction between the mechanisms of suppression and enhancement explains why less-skilled comprehenders are not less able to appreciate the contextually appropriate meanings of ambiguous words and why they are not less able to appreciate typical members of nonverbal scenes. It is less-skilled comprehenders' suppression mechanisms, not their enhancement mechanisms, that are faulty. Although the Structure Building Framework accounts parsimoniously for many comprehension phenomena, several questions remain unanswered.