Shasta Co. A few populations are also known from the floor of the Central Valley. Aquatic larvae eat many small aquatic organisms, especially crustaceans.
Aquatic larvae find cover beneath submerged rocks, logs, debris, and undercut banks.
Eggs are laid in small clusters on the submerged portion of emergent vegetation, on submerged vegetation, and on the underside of rocks off the bottom. The eggs are normally laid in shallow water attached to submerged twigs or rocks. Rainfall is important in the maintenance of breeding ponds and streams in some localities. Terrestrial individuals are relatively inactive in subterranean refuges most of the year. Migrations to and from breeding areas usually occur at night during, or just following, rains.