People who are infected with this virus may not have any symptoms and may not realize they have become infected. HIV attacks T-cells of the immune system and makes it difficult for the body to combat infections. The virus must enter the blood for infection to occur. Prevention is based primarily on behavior related to sexual intercourse and use of injection drugs.
Abstinence is a safe sexual behavior, as is mutual monogamy with an uninfected partner.
Use of latex condoms reduces, but does not eliminate the risk of HIV infection. Having unprotected sex and having multiple sex partners greatly increase the risk of HIV infection. Sharing needles, syringes, tattoo or body piercing equipment provides a direct route for the virus to enter the bloodstream. Alcohol and other drugs may also increase the risk of HIV infection because they interfere with the ability to make good decisions about sex and drug use. Women who become pregnant can be tested for HIV infection.