There are a variety of approaches to the enhancement of self-esteem in the school situation, though no research has been done on the comparative benefits of these different approaches. Cognitive approach Behavioral approach Experiential approach Skill developmental approach Environment approach The cognitive approach focuses on changing the manner in which individuals view their experience, to help them view things positively rather than negatively. Thus, individuals are taught how to look for positive outcomes rather than negative aspects of their situation. They are taught that they have a choice in how they wish to perceive an event or experience, and that can be either positive or negative. The behavioral approach teaches children to adopt specific behaviors so that they express themselves confidently so that others will relate to them in a positive manner.
Activities focus on posture, voice, and the manner in which they deal with others.
Through this approach many individuals who see themselves as victims take a more assertive approach and are no longer treated as victims. The experiential approach designs activities or situations that enable individuals to experience their strengths, to relate to others in positive ways, and to receive positive feedback from others in order to develop a more positive sense of identity. The skill developmental approach focuses on the development of specific skills with the assumption that by functioning at a higher level individuals begin to achieve greater success and thereby enhance their self-esteem. These skills include communication skills, problem solving skills, conflict resolution skills, reading skills, goal setting skills, etc. The environmental approach addresses all those aspects of a system, such as school climate, that provide a positive environment where individuals can become involved in decisions that directly affect them, set goals for themselves, receive encouragement and specific feedback regarding their progress, and be treated with respect.