Use file drawers, three-ring binders, file boxes. But label them clearly. Heirlooms, articles that are precious, should be photographed and identified. See Cyndi's List cited below. Video tape and computer disks do not often stand the test of time.
CDs are a good way to store material.
You need equipment to do this. Photos can be scanned and printed out, although the result may not be as good as prints. Keep them in an envelope labeled where you got them. This covers daguerreotypes, ambrotype, cabinet cards, etc. Very thorough and helpful.