Assume you are at a latitude of 30 degrees South. As part of your answer, draw a simple diagram representing each case to show specifically what is different about the two situations. Someone tells you that the reason the Moon shows phases over the course of the month is because of the shadow of the Earth falling on the Moon. Name and explain two pieces of evidence you would provide to that person to contradict his statement. I am not asking here why the phases of the Moon actually occur, just asking for you to disprove the statement.
Astronomers use parallax to find the distances to remote planets or stars.
The fact that stars did not appear to show parallax motions over the course of a year was thought to be a weakness in the Copernican model of the solar system. Explain why parallax motions were predicted and why they weren't seen.