They are not oriented toward outcomes or results. They are not performance based. But they stop short of inquiring about whether the right thing in any given case actually gets done. The construction generally involves framing a requirement in terms of having to follow a process, with subordinate phrases often having a stronger, mandatory tone. However, these stronger sounding requirements are limited by the main point, which is always cast in terms of process.
Definitions can also affect the stringency of a requirement.
I should add at this point, however, that U.S. interests were fairly unified in not wanting ISO 14,000 to get involved in trying to set numerical emission limits. Before I discuss shortcomings of ISO 14,000, let me acknowledge that I think there are many positive things about it. If not misused, it can move us toward a better environment. As a process, ISO 14,000 is generally a good one. It articulates many valuable steps in managing environmental impacts.