On one street, Broad street, more than 500 people died in 10 days. In the later 19 th and early 20 th centuries death rates dropped rapidly in cities with advancements in the science of medicine and improvements in public health v New York infant mortality rate in 1885 was 273. Present rate for the US is 6.8. Suggest that social factors, such as per capita income, may be more important. They note that there are severe limitation in the existing data on public health practices and that to answer the problem of why death rates declined in the late 19 th century depends on careful studies at the individual city level.
Debate continues .
Condran, Gretchen A., Crimmins-Gardner, Eileen. 1978. Public Health Measures and Mortality in U.S. Cities in the Late Nineteenth Century. But disease occurs in cities, and in wealthy cities with advanced medicine. Unhealthy Cities v Dependence on the car has serious health implications v Air pollution and respiratory diseases v Injuries and deaths. In 1990, 6.4 million people were injured in traffic accidents in OECD countries.