The plane of the earth's orbit around the sun is called the ecliptic. The origin of right ascension in celestial coordinates is vernal equinox. The amount of time from noon to noon is called solar day. The amount of time that it takes the sun to move around the celestial sphere from vernal equinox to vernal equinox is called a tropical year. The period of time between one new moon and the next is called a synodic month.
Celestial latitude is called declination.
The group of constellations through which the sun moves during a year is called thezodiac. The difference between a tropical year and a sidereal year is caused by precession. The region behind a planet or satellite where sunlight is totally blocked is called the umbra. The points where the moon passes through the plane of the earth's orbit around the sun are called nodes or nodal points. The period of time during which an eclipse can occur is called an eclipse season.