An increased incidence occurs at 6 to 12 months of age in infants whose processed milk formulas are unsupplemented with citrus fruit or vegetables as a result of maternal error or neglect . This uncommon in developed countries. Another peak occurs in middle and old age . The affected individuals usually have deficiencies of other dietary constituents as well. In the later stage - icterus, edema, and fever are common, and convulsions, hypotension, and death may occur abruptly.
Anemia is common and is due to bleeding into tissues.
In infancy and childhood, hemorrhages in to the bones causes painful swellings. In infants and children, administration of 10 to 25 mg three times a day is adequate. A diet rich in vitamin C should be initiated simultaneously. Spontaneous bleeding usually ceases within 24 hrs, muscle and bone pains subside quickly, and the gums begin to heal within 2 to 3 days.