Proper treatment of diabetes can prevent many cases due to this cause. Wearing a helmet when riding a motorcycle or bike can prevent head injuries leading to coma. Following sports safety guidelines for children , adolescents , and adults can avoid unnecessary accidents. Many cases cannot be prevented. When a person is unconscious and does not respond to painful stimulation, this is generally considered a medical emergency.
Diagnosis begins with a history and physical exam.
Information obtained from friends, family members, or witnesses may be life saving. For example, knowing that a person was recently using large amounts of heroin may allow quick treatment that can reverse the coma. In many cases, further tests are needed to help figure out the cause of a coma. For example, blood tests can detect salt imbalances , low blood sugar, and other conditions. Urine tests may help detect drugs in someone's system or diagnose kidney disease.