An ideal soil retains moisture, but is also well-drained and rich in organic matter. Yet few gardeners are blessed with perfect soil. Clay-based soils are among the most common types of garden soil. Here in Georgia, our soils are predominantly heavy clay. While a little clay is good, I have yet to meet a gardener who sings the praises of pure clay soil.
Clay soils are rich in tiny mineral particles that are attracted to each other.
While they are very good at holding water and nutrients, they are often slow to drain, thus contributing to root rot. And when clay dries out, it forms a hard crust that cannot be easily penetrated. This results in stunted plant growth, broken tools, and frustrated gardeners. Squeeze a handful of slightly damp soil together.