Because of the inherent dangers, taboo and ritual surround pregnancy and childbirth. The women give birth, usually assisted by a female relative or specialized local midwife. The baby is not considered a human being for several days after its birth - the several souls within the body take this time to enter the newborn. The mother s behaviour before and during childbirth is carefully watched. To die giving birth is a bad death , leading to a high risk of the dead mother's spirit returning to haunt the village.
Courtship varies from tribe to tribe.
Most are promiscuous before marriage, except the Karen. Once a girl has become pregnant, it becomes necessary for her to find a husband. There is a high degree of etiquette in the finding of a mate. Lineages must be consulted and good omens looked for before permission can be given. Monogamy is usual, although amongst the Hmong a second wife is acceptable.