It is still unknown whether GH abuse causes adverse effects in healthy adults, although GH-induced acromegaly has been suspected. Amphetamines, cocaine, and caffeine are thought to improve performance via enhanced concentration among athletes. Amphetamines and cocaine may increase aggressiveness. The ergogenic effects of other sympathomimetics including ephedrine and phenylpropanolamine are unclear. Risks associated with excessive AMF use include increased blood viscosity and clotting.
Athletes view EDs as an essential component for success.
Without adequate intervention measures, ED abuse is likely to continue unchecked. Most HGH users were unaware of its side effects and reported first use between 14 and 15 years of age. Growth hormone and athletes. Growth hormone is a powerful anabolic hormone that affects all body systems and plays an important role in muscle growth. It is released from the anterior pituitary in response to a variety of stimuli including exercise, sleep, stress, and the administration of a variety of drugs and amino acids.