Other complications include ankylosing spondylitis, sacroiliitis and cholangitis. Definitive diagnosis is made by barium enema x-ray, which demonstrates thickening of the bowel wall, narrowing of ileal lumen, separation of the bowel loops and formation of fistulas. Colonoscopy can be done to confirm the diagnosis via direct visualization of the ulcers and fissures. Biopsy is also an option to confirm the diagnosis or rule out cancer. Other laboratory exams are nonspecific but help assess the severity of the illness.
Anemia is common due to loss of blood, folate or chronic disease itself.
Electrolyte imbalance is common with severe diarrhea. Hypoalbuminemia is commonly associated with malabsorption and malnutrition. Lastly, fatty liver or cholangitis may cause liver enzyme abnormalities. Since there is no known etiology for Crohn's disease, there is no specific therapy available. The most common side effects of these drugs are dizziness, drowsiness and sedation.