The lower Danube forms most of the frontier with Romania. The country's topography ranges from lowland plains along the Danube to rugged mountains running from west to east across the centre. Almost 70 per cent of the country consists of plains and hills. The highest mountain peak is Moussala in the Rila range at 2,925m. Forests cover almost 30 per cent of the land area, most are deciduous consisting of oak and beech.
Coniferous forests are more typical of the mountain areas.
To the south are submediterranean flora. The weather is influenced by continental and subtropical climates. The largest area of the country is influenced by a moderately continental climate with four clearly differentiated seasons. The warmest month is July with averages around 25 degrees C. The Black Sea water temperature is around 26 degrees C in July and August. Annual rainfall is low at 698mm.