David Heckerman and R. Shachter. A decision-based view of causality . Morgan Kaufmann, 1994. The ability to distinguish evidential from causal correlation is crucial for carrying out a number of different types of problem solving. They present a probabilistic theory of causality built on top of standard decision theory.
Causality is defined relative to decisions using the concept of responsiveness.
A variable x is unresponsive to decisions D if the choice of D cannot influence the outcome of x. A decision-based view of causality . We begin by describing one step of this iterative scheme. A Decision-based view of causality . Moreover, in terms of learning, one can use this structure to explicitly encode priors, a feature absent in many learning frameworks.