The economy is booming, but that means little to Joe Sixpack. The technological artifacts themselves are therefore politically neutral. STS takes a 4 th approach the Social Constructionist view. Classist engineer Robert Moses constructs the bridges on Long Island such that low-clearance bridges lead to beaches and parks, preventing poor people from cluttering up his nice areas reserved for the rich. After Moses dies, the bridges are still doing his dirty work impossible to analyze under the technology is neutral view.
Artifacts can have politics.
Power stations built in 1923 in Berlin show strong centralization, but those in London 1923 show strong decentralization different cultural styles. The first voice-recognition software worked better on men than women not due to an individual s sexist agency, but do the structural sexism in the institutions. In order to have a hypothesis be scientific, there has to be the possibility of failure. It has to be testable in the sense that test results prove the hypothesis is false. If heads were too small he would say they are throwbacks to the apes.