Electric utilities use about 86 percent of all the bituminous coal consumed in the United States. General industry is the second largest consumer. Steel producers use metallurgical coal, or coke , a distilled fuel that is almost pure carbon. The process of producing coke yields a number of chemical by-products, including coal tar , which are used in the manufacture of many other products. Manufacture of fuel gas and other products from coal diminished as natural gas became widely available.
Coal liquefaction supplies all of the Republic of South Africa's oil needs.