The Chinese in California Agriculture, 1860-1910 . UC Press Wells, Miriam. 1996. Agriculture's invisible landscape of toil and California's forgotten people. Periodic rediscovery during periods of conflict. Intensive agriculture and intensive labor.
Chinese labor builds fields, levees and railroads.
Gang labor system. Japanese recruitment and emigration. The Hawaiian connection. Annexation and the move to California. Gentlemen's Agreement of 1908 and Alien Land Law of 1913.