It is often difficult to know exactly what happened, why it happened, or what will occur next. It is hard to be rational in the analysis and solving of problems. Secular myths are created along with rituals and ceremonies that help people find meaning in their experiences. Organizations are composed of varied interest groups that compete for limited resources. Enduring differences among individuals and groups are slow to change.
Conflict is central to organizational dynamics and power is an important commodity.
Decisions emerge as a result of bargaining and negotiation. Biographical Statement Vincent A. Anfara, Jr. is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies at Temple University. Chad Endy, Carol Kester, Amanda Mumford, and Helene Rothman are graduate students in the Master's and principalship certification programs.