Algae are mainly caused by excess nutrients in the water. Aquatic environments become overloaded with nutrients, nitrogen, phosphorus and organic carbon. These excess nutrients overcome the aquatic environment's ability to naturally clean itself up. This upset of nature's balance creates an environment for algae growth. Phosphorus or more properly put, excess phosphorus, has been identified as the single most important factor in the rapid growth of algae and aquatic weeds.
Bacteria require phosphorus for their necessary life functions.
This nitrogen will be degassed through the water, escaping to the surface and leaving the aquatic environment. The microorganisms digest carbon through the process of breaking down organic matter. The carbon is absorbed through the bacteria's cell membrane where it combines with oxygen and is released as carbon dioxide. This breakdown or organics leads to a reduction in total suspended solids and bottom solids. Sulfur thrives in the bottom solids.