Inability to repeat five of the words indicates a need for further assessment of hearing acuity. However, visualization of the external ear canal for cerumen may identify one easily treatable problem in decreased hearing acuity. 13 Individuals with hearing deficits detected as part of bedside assessment should be referred for additional assessment and treatment including hearing aides. Headphone amplifier devices may be a useful and inexpensive item to stock on nursing units in hospitals. Cognitive function is a major factor in a person's functional capacity.
Baseline function is important to assess.
However, such assessments most often initially rely on information provided by family members because acute illnesses may be clinically manifested as acute confusional states. 2 Components of cognitive function, including attention, language, and memory can be assessed by nurses during interviews and routine care, although anxiety and illness may be complicating factors. Fluctuating attention may indicate acute reversible impairment or temporary reactions to hospitalization. Foreman et al. 14 give guidelines for cognitive assessment in a clinical practice protocol.