The thoracic spine is most commonly affected by idiopathic scoliosis, and the curvature of the spine is most frequently convex to the right. Infantile scoliosis, juvenile scoliosis, and adolescent scoliosis are included in the idiopathic category. Infantile idiopathic scoliosis is not very common. Juvenile idiopathic scoliosis and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis are more common. Both of theses types of scoliosis affect females more than males.
Congenital scoliosis is scoliosis that is present at birth.
It results from a defect or abnormality in the vertebrae of the infant. Many times congenital scoliosis occurs along with other skeletal abnormalities or diseases. Scoliosis can also occur with a paralytic or muscoskeletal disorder. Polio, cerebral palsy, and muscular dystrophy can all cause scoliosis. Miscellaneous or secondary scoliosis occurs secondary to an injury.