Smoking helps promote cancers of the bladder, pancreas, kidney, stomach and cervix. Nine out of ten deaths from bronchitis and emphysema are due to smoking. Women who smoke have a greater risk of infertility, miscarriage, premature labour, still birth, early neonatal deaths, earlier menopause and osteoporosis. Smoking while using oral contraceptives increases the risk of heart disease and stroke by at least 10 times. Around eight out of ten heart attacks in men under 45 are associated with smoking.
Arterial disease is associated with smoking and kills more people than cancer does.
Nine out of ten people with circulation problems are smokers. Children exposed to a parents' smoke are more likely to suffer from asthma and more likely to be admitted to hospital with bronchitis and pneumonia. Glue ear in children is more common when children are exposed to parents' smoke. Babies born to smoking mothers tend to be smaller at birth. Parental smoking is associated with cot death.