Beyond the basic grazing need, horses have nutritional needs that are similar to ours. The components include water, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals and fats. A horse s water consumption is influenced by such factors as temperature, amount of work, and texture of feed. Generally, adults will consume 10 to 20 gallons a day. It is best to allow free access to water unless the horse is overheated, when he should be given small amounts of water.
Carbohydrates are important to provide energy for the horse to perform properly.
Oats are a good source, and amounts should be based on the horse s weight and activity level. Proteins make up about 20 percent of an adult horse s weight and are important for building muscle and tissue and replacing lost or damaged cells. They are found in hay, pasture grass and grains. Sufficient vitamins are usually acquired through foraging and grains, but in some cases supplements are given. Indications include stress from illness or excessive training.