The cardinal has expanded its range considerably from 1886. At first, it was rarely seen north of the Ohio River, but less than one hundred years later it would reach southern Ontario and the southern part of the Hudson River. Thick, conical bill. They prefer seeds that are easily husked.
Cardinals are less selective during winter in the colder climates.
Reproduction They usually raise two broods a year. Early nests are made in March, then the second brood is late May to July. The second nest is often parasitized by the Brown-headed cowbird. The nests are usually found in dense bushes. The female lays about four white to greenish eggs that average about one inch in length and one-half inch in diameter.