Short-term memory may be affected. Hypopituitarism may also occur - in children this typically results in impaired growth and a delay in the onset of puberty. Investigations An MRI or CT scan determines the precise size and position. Additional tests that form part of the evaluation include assessments of biochemical, endocrine, psychological and visual function. Because of the position of the tumour, transcranial, subfrontal surgery is almost always required, however some craniopharygiomas may be approached by the transsphenoidal route.
Complete excision is rare.
In these patients, partial removal is followed by radiotherapy. Prior to the operation, or if the tumour re-grows , insertion of a CSF shunt may be required. Recurrence after surgery alone is common, but is less likely when radiotherapy is also given. Regular MRI or CT scans to check for re-growth are especially important in the first 3 years after treatment. There may be no symptoms.