In additon, the weakened trees are disposed to other secondary pests like bark beetles or buprestids. Outbreaks usually occur in young plantations, but collapse after 1-2 years. Click here for N. sertifer in Finland Natural Enemies Predators Birds like starlings, crows, and wild fowl have been reported. Usually they are of minor importance. Reduviidae, Elateridae, and spiders are of minor importance.
Ants can cause high mortalities in some areas of Europe.
However, effectivity of ants is limited by their range. Small mammals may have a large impact on cocoons. It is suggested that at times of low host density small mammals may be a regulating factor. Parasitoids More than 30 parasitoid species are recorded, about 6 species of ichneumonids and 2 tachinids are dominating. The host specific species are perfectly synchronised with N. sertifer , they also are univoltine.