This is due to the continuous pressures that are generated by high frequency ventilation, which cause increased pressures in the thoracic cavity. Increased thoracic pressures impede cardiac output. This, in turn, affects the blood pressure, and a vicious spiral can be created. In order to avoid this, it is important to carefully monitor the patient s hemodynamic status. Continuous pressure monitoring is crucial.
Arterial lines are necessary when a pediatric patient is placed on high frequency ventilation.
In addition to the continuous blood pressure monitoring, the arterial line also functions as the site of numerous blood draws for arterial blood gases. The ideal end results when using high frequency ventilation are no adverse damage to the lungs due to ventilation, and no neurological deficit. Prolonged periods of inadequate oxygenation can cause permanent brain damage. ECMO is a system similar to cardiac bypass, where the blood is oxygenated and CO2 is removed while the blood is outside of the body. Each facility using high frequency ventilation must have a clear definition of when it is to be implemented.