Give an example of a microbial bioconversion. Microorganisms are ideal for the large-scale production of enzymes. Many enzymes are used in the laundry industry to remove stains from clothing, and thermostable and alkali-stable enzymes have many advantages in these markets. When an enzyme is used in a large-scale process, it may be desirable to immobilize it by bonding it to an inert substrate. The active ingredient in vinegar is acetic acid, which is produced by an acetic acid bacterium oxidizing an alcohol-containing fruit juice.
Adequate aeration is the most important consideration in ensuring a successful vinegar process.
A number of organic chemicals are produced commercially by use of microorganisms, of which, the most important economically is citric acid, produced by certain fungi. Section 11.12 Yeast cells are grown for use in baking and food industry. Commercial yeast is produced in large-scale aerated fermentors using molasses as the main carbon and energy source. Write a balanced chemical reaction that accounts for the action of yeast in bread making. Alcoholic beverages are produced by yeast from the fermentation of sugar to ethyl alcohol and CO 2 .