Over one million acres of land in this region is now set aside as the Sian Ka'an Biosphere reserve.
Biosphere reserves are a new concept.
The goal is to preserve the flora, fauna and ecosystems of an area while satisfying the needs of the local population. In biosphere reserves conservation is not conceived of as prohibiting use, but rather as the rational and long term sustainable use of the resources. Three hundred and thirty six species of birds are found in Sian Ka'an including the ocellated turkey, great currasow, parrots, toucans, and trogons. The aquatic birds includes species such as white ibis, roseate spoonbill, the rare jabiru stork, wood stork, flamingo and 15 species of herons, egrets and bitterns. The extensive lagoon system provides a paradise for bone fishing and selected lodges are permitted to promote fishing in the area.