These focus upon improving social and cognitive competence as well as reducing substance misuse and aggressive behaviour. Once a behavioural problem has been identified, there are school-based interventions which can reduce aggressive behaviour, improve school performance, and reduce delinquent behaviour. They focus mainly upon social relationships, approval for good behaviour and have some parental involvement. Mental health problems which result from a family bereavement or divorce can be reduced by programmes which focus upon dealing with feelings of loss, conflict or anger. Adult and elderly populations Mental health promotion intervention can reduce psychiatric symptoms arising from separation and divorce, even in the longer term.
Caesarean delivery can lead to post-natal depressive symptoms.
A relatively brief intervention can reduce psychological problems, reduce medication and enhance attachment between parents and baby. Home visiting programmes which focus upon parenting skills and the prevention of psychological problems in children also result in better mental health outcomes for mothers. There is good evidence that those who care for people who are elderly, disabled or mentally ill can be helped to reduce the level of stress that they experience. The unemployed can be helped to deal with feelings of helplessness and depression and their chances of finding a job can be increased. Newly widowed women can be helped to start up new activities and social relationships as well as reduce levels of depression.