He suggested differences between public and private sector top managers. In service industries top managers spent more time in liaison roles than production managers.
Correspondence is more developed.
With little operational involvement, opportunities walking the job and helping subordinates is lessened managers of small firms spend more time on specialist roles and as substitute operators. Lower job levels are more informal with less figurehead time. Junior managers can maintain steadier work loads and give more time to 'doing' - disturbance handling and negotiating. They focus on current and specific issues. Line managers specialise in the information they process and spend much contact time with a related 'clique'.