Main chromosome has about 3000 genes. Add DNA fragments from donor, cut with same restriction enzymes. Harvest donor protein.
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Genes once thought to be made of protein. Knowledge builds on previous knowledge. BUT if inject live R along with heat-killed S, the mouse gets pneumonia. Avery repeated Griffith s experiment, but along with the heat-killed S and live R bacteria, he also injected enzymes. If he injected protein -digesting enzymes, the R to S transformation still occurred.