The dietary intake of athletes should be of high quality to optimize training. Macro and micro nutrient intake can have a direct relationship to athletic performance. The relationship between inadequate intake of certain nutrients and impaired performance is well known. An Olympian with insufficient energy supply or lack of key vitamins and minerals will suffer from reduced athletic ability. The type of nutrition needed for competition will depend on mode, intensity and duration of the exercise.
Adequate hydration is necessary for heat tolerance.
Some dietary changes prior to or during competition may enhance performance such as increased carbohydrate intake during exercise of long duration. Inadequate nutrient intakes have been reported in several athletic groups including dancers, gymnasts, runners, swimmers, wrestlers and body builders. Female athletes are more likely than males to develop nutritional deficiencies including iron, zinc, calcium and some of the B Vitamins. The energy nutrients, protein, fat and carbohydrate are stored in the body differently. Carbohydrates are stored as glycogen and these stores are confined to muscle and the liver.