The bonds between the last 2 phosphates are high energy bonds. Cellular respiration contains the steps to allow this process to occur. In order for the most efficient production of ATP to occur the cell must transfer this energy from the chemical bonds of the organic compounds to the ATP molecule with minimal loss. Redox is short for oxidation-reduction which involves partial or complete transfer of electrons from one reactant to another. Partial or complete loss of electrons.
Cellular respiration is a redox process that transfers hydrogen atoms from sugar to oxygen .
In order to allow these hydrogen atoms to be transfered, an intermediate organic compound is called into use by the cell. These reactions are catalyzed by enzymes called dehydrogenases. Each reaction is catalyzed by specific enzymes dissolved in the cytosol. No carbon dioxide is released as glucose is oxidized to pyruvate. All the carbon can be accounted for in the 2 molecules of pyruvate.