It can also lead to brittle bones, increasing the frequency of bone fractures. Interferes with thyroxin production, slowing the rate at which the body burns energy. Use of iodized salt has virtually eliminated iodine deficiency as a cause of goiter in the United States. Iodine is added to salt. Too much iodine may also cause goiter, but not at levels usually consumed in the United States.
Deficiencies are more common among women with regular menstrual periods.
Sources include meat, poultry, seafood, legumes, nuts and seeds, breads, cereals and other grain products. Iron supplements should not be taken by men, post menopausal women or people with a genetic problem called hemochromatosis. Manganese is part of many body enzymes. Consuming harmful levels of manganese from food is very rare. Molybdenum works with riboflavin to incorporate iron into hemoglobin for red blood cells.