This is Marx's theory of class struggle. In addition, capitalism is only the dominant form of society, for example in Italy where he lived and worked. Old forms like feudalism still persisted in some areas, and new forms were emerging. Gramsci's theory of hegemony is a theory of ideology as the fruit of a struggle for control over ideas. The hegemony theory of ideology can be thought of as a theory of the state.
Different factions vie for control of the state.
For example, different blocs or classes vie for control over censorship according to their own concepts of right and wrong. They are said to be the hegemonic group. This version of the theory is very important in the UK, where it is used to explain the triumph of the Labour movement after World War two, when industries were nationalised, universal education came in, and the Welfare State was founded. It also helps us to understand both the strugglse or negotiations over the meaning of media texts. Structuralism In France and other European nations.