Cholesterol buildup is very hazardous. This initiates a process called the inflammatory response. The foamy cells then buildup within the artery. After the immune system senses the foamy cells, it releases other factors called cytokines, which attract more white blood cells and perpetuate the whole cycle. This cycle usually repeats itself forming atherosclerotic lesions.
Atherosclerosis affects medium and large sized arteries in the body.
The involvement of the arteries is usually located at places where the artery branches into two. The fact that atherosclerosis affects the aorta, coronary arteries and cerebral arteries is very important. If the blood supply to the heart muscle is reduced, a heart attack can occur. If the blood supply to the brain is cut off, a stroke can occur. And if the blood supply to the arms and legs is reduced, gangrene can result.