Bedding should be used in both free stalls and drylots to provide cow comfort, to keep the animal clean, and to absorb moisture. Bedding in dry lots should be considered whenever cattle begin to congest or congregate under shade due to either the heat or wet conditions. Frequency of cleaning will depend on the material used and the location, but usually a two to four day cycle is required. Bedding can be categorized as either organic or inorganic. Inorganic bedding, such as sand, offers the advantages of being a poor environment for bacteria growth, keeps the animals clean and promotes drainage which moves moisture away from the cow.
Disadvantages revolve around increasing wear on waste handling equipment.
Organic bedding is readily available, inexpensive, and can be used on any type of stall base. Disadvantages are an increase in maintenance requirement and the opportunity to become a primary source of mastitis due to environmental bacteria if not properly maintained. Reducing the exposure of environmental bacteria on the cow's teats needs to be a primary concern in any mastitis control program. This procedure cannot be totally conducted in the milking center. It must begin outside with proper housing design, proper bedding, ongoing maintenance, and attention to the details that result in bringing a cow to the barn that is not only dry and comfortable, but also clean.