This paper identifies some of the more apparent factors that contribute to overcrowding and some of the possible avenues for solving the problem, with a special emphasis on the development of effective community-based options. We acknowledge that some efforts are being deployed, but this paper, because of its very nature, focusses on problems that require attention and the identification of promising opportunities. We rely excessively on incarceration Incarceration is perceived as the norm, as opposed to one of a series of options available to courts. Incarceration is presented as the best means of ensuring public protection. The number of inmates increased dramatically over the past decade.
Aboriginal offenders continue to be over-represented in prisons.
Rates of parole are declining. The prison population includes greater numbers of inmates serving long and life sentences. A greater number of inmates are designated as dangerous. Social and mental health services have suffered major cutbacks. The public has become very intolerant and punitive.