Scientists are currently disagreeing on whether nickel compounds are capable of causing or promoting cancer in welders. Tin is present in some bronze alloys and solders. The fumes are known to cause stenosis, a benign pneumoconiosis, but it is improbable that soldering work could place the worker at risk. Titanium is found in stainless steel, alloys, flux and coatings, but it is not known to have any ill effects on welders. Vanadium is present in certain alloys and welding electrode coatings.
Acute symptoms are eye and respiratory irritation.
Chronic conditions may comprise bronchitis, rhinitis, pulmonary oedema and pneumonia. Ozone is formed when air is exposed to ultraviolet radiation, as happens in the welding arc. Ozone may be very detrimental to health, causing pulmonary congestion, oedema, and haemorrhage. Prolonged exposure may result in severe changes in lung function. At higher concentrations, pulmonary oedema and other serious lung conditions can result.