Artiodactyla and Carnivora grouped together, but the branching diagram was bush-like for the four orders other than Rodentia and the branching sequence was uncertain. Sogin, M. L., J. H. Gunderson, H. J. Elwood, R. A. Alonso, and D. A. Peattie. Giardia lamblia , a flagellated protozoan, lacks mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, or Golgi bodies. The extent of divergence is said to be sufficient to justify a separate kingdom, but the authors do not recommend this. Either eukaryote ribosomal RNA is more rapidly evolving, or eukaryotes are as ancient as eubacteria and archaebacteria.
Ciliated protozoa are genetically as diverse as the plant or animal kingdoms.
Triassic vertebrates of Gondwanan aspect from the Richmond Basin of Virginia. Fossil vertebrates from Upper Triassic sediments in southern continents are generally dissimilar from any found in the northern continents. Recently studied material from Virginia, USA, includes reptiles similar to those found in Upper Triassic deposits from southern continents. This new evidence suggests that previously known Upper Triassic faunal differences between Gondwana and Laurasia may have been due to different strata being present rather than to geographical distance. Kay, R. F., and R. W. Thorington, and P. Houde.