Food allergies may be responsible for some cases of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children. Smoking and Alcohol Alcohol relaxes the LES muscles and also may irritate the mucous membrane of the esophagus. On the other hand, some studies have shown that small amounts of alcohol may actually protect the mucosal layer. Smoking can also reduce muscle function, increase acid secretion, reduce prostaglandins and bicarbonate production, and decrease mucosal blood flow. Calcium channel blockers and anti-cholinergics also weaken the peristaltic action of the esophagus and slow stomach emptying.
Antibiotics can also effect the mucus membrane, making it more vulnerable to acids.
Until recently there was no strong evidence that they harmed the esophagus. If the mucous membrane is impaired, even a normal amount of acid can harm the esophagus. Pressure on the abdomen caused by factors such as obesity or tight clothing can contribute to acid-back up into the esophagus. All rights reserved.