Attempts to transcend race and ethnic lines by appealing to shared values and attitudes formed through educations. Attempts to target listeners who share racial and ethnic characteristics. The first strategy is in line with public radio's mission, established thirty years ago, to include rather than exclude, emphasizing similarities among people rather than differences. The second strategy of appealing to racial and ethnic difference is in opposition to this and cannot co-exist in the same station. Although the strategy to transcend has been more successful in serving the minority population, they believe the strategies should be evaluated on their own terms.
College education is the greatest definer of public radio listeners.
No station can represent the entire population if it is to compete and work against fragmentation. Thus, minority listeners are under-represented as listeners. Although minorities are under-represented as listeners as well as people who are college educated, the authors expect these disparities to diminish. Minority populations are being served by the more than 600 stations that implement this strategy. A FTC report being prepared for Congress is expected to criticize the alcohol industry for targeting young adults, a strategy that many complain contributes to underage drinking.