The introduction of information technologies includes an associated level of risk, but specific security features can be incorporated into a system to mitigate that risk. There are several technical security services . These services may be provided by commercially available security mechanisms that can be integrated into computer and communications systems. The most commonly used technical security services are described below. Confidentiality helps restrict sensitive information from disclosure.
Confidentiality applies to both information storage and transmission.
Authentication verifies one's identity or membership in a group. Data integrity ensures that information is not modified while stored or transmitted except by authorized users. Non-repudiation prohibits the sender or receiver of a transaction from subsequently denying the action. Accountability attributes actions to the users who perform them. Availability ensures that expected resources are available for their intended use and perform as expected.