Concurrent Validity is the degree to which two different measuring systems produce correlating results. It is often used to determine the validity of new measuring techniques, by comparing them with established techniques. Conditional Probability is the probability of a research outcome occurring if a state or condition was to exist. Confidence Coefficient see confidence level. Confidence Interval is a range of values centred on the sample estimate that is known to contain the true value with a given degree of confidence.
Confidence Limits are the two values from each end of a confidence interval.
Confounding Variables see external variables. Consistency Check involves identifying completed questionnaires with data that are out of the permissible range, logically inconsistent or have extreme values. Data that is out of the range of the coding scheme is inadmissible. Consumer Confusion Study is a study that aims to measure the tendency of consumers to confuse the company that makes a particular brand with another company, or to confuse one brand with another. Contingency is the difference between an actual frequency and an expected frequency in a table.