The World Association of Nuclear Operators has been awarded 21 contracts. While it is difficult to argue against upgrading the existing nuclear power stations in the East for safety, there is a serious case to be made for switching to alternative forms of power. However, the indirect benefit gained by western TNCs from EU programs' promoting privatization and a market economy is probably far greater than the direct financial boosts described above. Indebted eastern governments are already under pressure from international banks to privatize public property and develop private ownership. EU aid programs are tightening the screw.
Aid is often conditional on privatization of key state utility companies, factories and so forth.
Privatization in nations lacking capital invariably means selling national businesses to foreigners. Once a government has agreed to sell off its public assets, the EU aid programs bring in advisors to smooth passage of the deal. Phare also provides money to sell the idea of privatization to the public. European taxpayers also fund consultants advising eastern governments on how to rewrite their legislation in order to assure the safety of private capital in the former Soviet bloc. There are land registration schemes, mass privatization laws, new stock exchanges and accountant training programs.