It was during the 1600's that the first coffee mill made its debut in London. In 1670, Dorothy Jones of Boston was granted a license to sell coffee, and so became the first American coffee trader. Adding sugar to coffee is believed to have started in 1715, in the court of King Louis XIV, the French monarch. This may be the first example of advertising for coffee shops. In 1727, as a result of seedlings smuggled from Paris, coffee plants first were cultivated in Brazil.
Brazil is presently by far the world's largest producer of coffee.
Before the first French cafe in the late 1700's, coffee was sold by street vendors in Europe, in the Arab fashion. The Arabs were the forerunners of the sidewalk espresso carts of today. The vacuum pack, invented in 1898, made it possible to preserve roasted coffee. Preserved coffee, though, not fresh coffee. Espresso is to Italy what champagne is to France.