This material is designed to supplement the course text book. A basic understanding of oxidation states is required. Oxidation states affect the quantity of ions to be attached and hence, dictate reaction stoichiometry. Various shapes will be used to represent atoms and ions. There will be no correlation to bond angles nor molecular geometry.
Atoms are electrically neutral and have equal amounts of electrons and protons.
An element or atom is named according to the number of protons it possesses. Take carbon as an example. It has 6 protons. Any species with 6 protons will always be named carbon. If the number of neutrons differ we call it an isotope of carbon.