Niacin given orally is an effective way to treat pellagra in the short term, although an improved diet is considered preferable for long-term treatment, along with reduced alcohol consumption when necessary. Patients also suffer red, dry, scaly skin lesions in areas exposed to sunlight, such as the back of the hands or where clothing chafes against the skin. The mouth may become inflamed, with sores near the mouth as well. The mental problems begin with insomnia and irritability. If the niacin deficiency persists, more severe symptoms appear, including memory loss, hallucinations , and violent and irrational behavior.
Advanced pellagra can cause death.
Prevention Eating a balanced diet containing foods high in niacin offers the best protection against this vitamin-deficiency disease. Good sources of niacin include liver , lean meats, fish, peanuts, and whole-grain cereals. Milk and eggs, while low in niacin, contain tryptophan, used to synthesize niacin. Heavy alcohol consumption increases the need for niacin. The amount in ordinary doses of B-complex vitamins may be helpful for alcohol abusers.