The tool of management science is mathematics, probability and statistics, operations research, modeling, simulation, decision theory while its techniques includes the selection of variables and relationship involved, structuring of problem, selection of criterion and handling of risks and uncertainties. In the system concept, any organization is seen as a system made up of holons , each having their own goals. Reports are sent to the management who integrates these results with social and economic factors, especially physical and cost limitations. Proposals which on one hand, reduce environmental effects and, on the other hand, maintain profitability and efficiency, are sent to the executives. Decisions on the actions of the organization are finally made, based on these proposals, predetermined goals and experience of the executives.
All sectors requires the use of computers and information can flow freely within the organization.
One example of the relationship between management science and environmental informatics is shown here using the iron and steel industry. Since 1950s, technological innovations in the manufacturing of iron and steel impose larger than ever energy requirement and direct environmental impacts through waste disposal, water and air pollution. As social pressure mounted, data on recycling, use of sale of byproduct and waste products, water waste loads were first collected as input. Data are processed into useful information, like productivity, control ratio etc. Management incorporates these information with social optimal and investment choices, exchange informations with other subsystems for solutions, such as the development of ore pelletizing and the growth of mini-mills.