Since all other breeds have been mixed down through the ages such as Morgans, Quarter Horses, etc., no horse - even if the parents are of the same breed is a purebred unless it is an Arabian. A dam is the mother of a foal. A sire is the father of a foal. The hand is a unit of measure that refers to the height of a horse. A hand is equal to 4 inches.
Common gaits are the walk, trot, pace, and gallop.
A horse walks by swinging its legs in the order of left front, right rear, right front, and left rear. It paces by swinging the left and then the right legs nearly in unison, and trots by swinging the diagonally opposite legs nearly in unison. The hooves are horny structures, analogous to fingernails, that entirely enclose the third joint of the single digit. The frog of the hoof is the elastic, horny middle part of the sole. Withers are the highest point over the shoulders when the head is down to graze.