Although not a true abscess, submandibular space infection resembles one clinically and is treated similarly. It usually develops from dental or periodontal infection, especially of the 2nd and 3rd mandibular molars. Left untreated, it may be fatal. Fever, chills, and tachycardia are usually present. CT is best for examination, but x-rays of the head and neck are useful to assess the degree of soft tissue swelling and airway obstruction.
Complications can include asphyxiation, aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess, and metastatic sepsis.
Pharyngomaxillary abscesses usually arise from infections in the pharynx, including the nasopharynx, adenoids, and tonsils. Less common sources are dental infections, parotitis, and mastoiditis. Fever, sore throat, and malaise are usually present. Infections limited to the anterior compartment are characterized by trismus, induration along the angle of the jaw, and medial bulging of the tonsil and lateral pharyngeal wall. With posterior compartment infection, swelling of the posterior pharyngeal wall and parotid space develops.