It is also one of the most important key concepts of biotechnology . Genetic engineering makes use of natural, enzymatic processes which are able to recognize certain pieces of genetic material, cut it in certain places and glue pieces together again with high precision, thereby changing the original message encoded in the genetic material. By cutting out the gene coding for insulin from a piece of human genetic material, and then having it inserted into the genetic material of a specific kind of bacteria, you can get it to produce exactly this substance. Such modified organisms are called recombinant or transgenic . The technique of producing insulin in large fermentors is a good example for the use of classical biotechnology .
Classical biotechnology makes use of knowledge and discoveries dating back to the time of Pasteur.