Once the reinforcement is thoroughly wet out with resin, it can be easily formed into complex shapes. Surface Preparation and Bonding A key component to a successful lamination is the bonding process of the layers. There are three basic components, which make up the bonding process. First is the surface preparation of the laminae, which improves the substrate s ability to accept and adhere to an adhesive . Surface preparation varies depending on material type.
Composites use sanding and grinding, surface texturing, or solvent cleaning.
The second component is the adhesive itself, including epoxies, urethanes, phenolics, polyesters, solvents, acrylics and others. Each adhesive has its attributes depending on substrate type, in use requirements and process constraints. As a general rule, a maximum bond is achieved for a given substrate type when the material itself fails during an ultimate strength test. The maximum lap shear strength of an adhesive is achieved when the adhesive exhibits a cohesive failure in the bond line. The third component of lamination is the process by which the materials are bonded together.