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Carrots are a taproot, a type of root which grows downwards into the soil and swells.
Native to Afghanistan, carrots were known to both the Greeks and Romans. India, China, and Japan had established carrots as a food crop by the 13th century. In Europe, however, they were not well known until well into the Middle Ages. In Holland, the original red, purple, black, yellow, and white varietals were hybridized to today's bright orange, with its potent dose of beta carotene. From thence, carrots moved to England, during Elizabethan times.