That is, doubt exists until greater than one cycle of type 2 has been exhibited. However, recent work in the field of Chaos has cast doubt on the existence of true randomness. The student must be open to new findings from research. The earth has hills, valleys, rivers, and oceans. Soil erodes, and plants and animals grow.
Crystals grow, and sedimentary rocks form.
Diverse bird forms show niche filling. Fossils show adaptation to change, or lack of adaptation. Convection currents influence weather. Weather influences adaptations. Physical and chemical changes occur throughout nature.