Mental health services in long term care facilities have increased due to the passage of reforms such as the Nursing Home Reform Act and changes in reimbursement. These guidelines were developed to assist providers in the provision of psychological services. Information is included on referrals, assessment, treatment plans and processes, and ethical issues. Manton, Kenneth G., Eric Stallard, and Larry S. Corder. The Dynamics of Age-Related Disability 1982 to 1994 in the U.S. Elderly Population.
Chronic disease leads to functional decline and disability.
It is important to measure levels of chronic disease to determine whether or not there is progress in curing or preventing these diseases or in slowing the course of the disease. The authors suggest that results indicate the rates of chronic disability may be on the decline due to the educational status of the over-65 population and their ability to moderate risk factors. In addition, improvements may arise from better health care for the elderly and improved medical technologies. Miller, Leonard S., et al. State Estimates of Medicaid Expenditures Attributable to Cigarette Smoking, Fiscal Year 1993.