It is at this point in the life cycle when elk, especially bull elk, are the most vulnerable. In early fall of the year, bull elk are at extreme hormone levels, and are not as aware of danger. Their interests are in the confrontation with other bulls to gather cows for breeding, expending huge amounts of energy in the process. Once the rank of dominance is established, the larger bulls move off alone with their harem. While younger bulls move in to breed left over cows.
Cows determine when and where the rut takes place.
Where, through previous calving areas. Again, these are wet open aspen areas with new growth. And when, by their estrus cycle, occurring between September 15th and October 15th. Through the battle, a battle of endurance rather than death, the most genetically superior bulls will be selected to breed and continue the blood line. Bugling Bugling by bull elk has several purposes.