Compared Intraperitoneal transfusion and intravascular transfusion can be used to treat the fetus in different situations. Advantages of IPT over IVT IPT can be used at very early gestations when fetal vessels are too small for intravenous cannulation. IPT can be used in specific circumstances, such as when the umbilical cord is abnormal or is hidden by fetal position, or when the placenta is implanted anteriorly. IVT can be used with anteriorly implanted placenta.
All transfused blood is immediately available to the fetus.
IVT can provide complete reversal of hydrops. IVT can improve fetal cardiomegaly secondary to severe Rh disease. Umbilical artery hematoma resulting in fetal death. Worsening maternal immune response due to fetal-maternal hemorrhage. Transfusion-related viral diseases.