This causes impingement syndrome and pain with the upstroke due to the rotator cuff being impinged by the acromion and coraco-acromial ligament. Treatment consists of rest, ice and antiinflammatory medications. Prevention includes learning proper technique, or learning an alternative swimming style. Breast-stroker's knee is due to the whipkick that puts excessive strain on the medial collateral ligament of the knee. By reducing the width of the kick, this problem can be avoided.
Back pain can occur with the butterfly stroke, and is due to strain on the back.
Reduction of training and alternating swimming styles while training may help. Tennis Tennis elbow , or lateral epicondylitis occurs with repeated stress on the lateral aspect of the elbow with backhand shots. Causes include an oversized racket, overtight grip, and not hitting the ball squarely with the racket. Two-hand backhand shots may be preferable for young players to unload some of the stress on the dominant hand. Elbow injuries not unlike those of a pitcher's elbow are often seen.