Systems-level advocacy efforts are generally targeted at the criminal justice system, the health care system, the welfare system, and other similar institutions. Activities identified by programs as individual-level advocacy have ranged from helping a woman safely move her belongings out of her residence to accompanying a woman through the court process. Advocacy assumes that rights are enforceable by statutory, administrative, or judicial procedures. Advocacy efforts are focused on institutional failures that produce or aggravate individual problems. Advocacy is inherently political.
Advocacy is most effective when it is focused on specific issues.
Advocacy is different from the provision of direct services. Given this definition, it would appear that some agencies might confuse advocacy with the provision of direct service. While direct assistance can be quite valuable for a woman coping with an abusive partner or ex-partner, it is important to clarify the difference between the two in order to avoid diluting the term advocacy to the point that it loses all meaning. Since the Violence Against Women Act was enacted as Title IV of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, we have witnessed increased attention and coordination among police, prosecutors, victim advocates, the judiciary, and other community institutions in responding to intimate violence against women. As more attention and dollars are being focused on this problem, the demand for accountability from many levels, including funders and community stakeholders, has increased.