Schumacher, M.J. et al. First Aid for Bee and Wasp Stings . Venom immunotherapy in hymenoptera sting allergy . Dr. Mueller is a professor in Bern, Switzerland. Service de Nephrologie, CHU de Rouen, France.
Bee stings can cause severe toxic effects when envenomation is massive.
The massive envenomation caused rhabdomyolysis , hemolysis and acute renal failure . Pathology examination of kidney and bladder specimens showed vasculitis affecting both arteries and veins. The patient was treated with several hemodialysis sessions and renal function returned to normal three months after the incident. They have recently been imported from tropical zones in America where a large number of deaths have been reported. Most cases of massive envenomation have shown acute tubular necrosis or renal involvement with myoglobinuria or hemoglobinuria .