Johnny has chicken pox. Chicken pox often produces spots on the stomach. The data are facts or evidence. The claim is the conclusion. It produces the explanation.
Arguments are valid if the warrant provides a logical explanation.
The warrant is often not stated. To be an effective citizen one out to vote, and to do so intelligently one must be well informed. Candidates, of course, resent the issues and outline their platforms in English. Often, other explanations than the ones given are possible. If the warrant is not plausible one must find more data to support the claim .