In droughts they dig down to underground water supplies which other species also use. Society Elephants feed, rest, travel and play in their close-knit family herd, which is led by a dominant older female called the 'matriarch'. Using information passed on by her mother, she guides and protects the family. Her knowledge of the home range and food and water sources is vital. Reproduction Elephants have a 70 year lifespan and mature around 12 years.
Bull elephants live outside the family herd and mating takes place after courtship.
Pregnancy lasts 22 months and the mother is often helped at birth by an experienced female 'midwife'. The 100kg newborn calf relies on its mother's milk for up to four years and is cherished by the entire herd. Elephant Campaign .