Anther wall initially with one middle layer, or initially with more than one middle layer. Carpels isomerous with the perianth, or increased in number relative to the perianth. Outer integument contributing to the micropyle. Polar nuclei fusing prior to fertilization. Endosperm formation nuclear.
Capsules usually loculicidal.
Physiology, biochemistry . Aluminium accumulation not found. Plants accumulating free oxalates. C3 recorded in Begonia . Geography, cytology .