Although it may begin in early pregnancy, cholestasis is more common in the last trimester of pregnancy and usually goes away within a few days after delivery. Cholestasis of pregnancy occurs in about one to two women out of 1,000 overall, but it is more likely in Swedish and Chilean populations, and possibly in multiple pregnancies. It has a high risk of reoccurrence in future pregnancies. The gallbladder is an organ attached to the lower part of the liver. It serves as a holding reservoir for bile that is produced in the liver.
Bile acids are important in the breakdown of fats in digestion.
Waste products in the blood are converted to a part of bile called bilirubin. It is thought that hormones in pregnancy affect gallbladder function, resulting in slowing or stopping of the flow of bile. This causes a build up of bile acids in the liver, which can spill into the bloodstream causing itching. Jaundice may also result when bilirubin levels build up. Cholestasis may increase the risks for fetal distress, preterm birth, or stillbirth.