cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.48443/758r-c486
title: Periphyton, seston, and phytoplankton collection (DP1.20166.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's aquatic periphyton and phytoplankton collection and field metadata, as well as associated taxonomic,  and enumeration data provided by contracted labs. Benthic and water column field samples are collected in wadeable streams, rivers, and lakes three times per year during the growing season. Samples are separated into aliquots for taxonomic analysis at the domain support facility (preserved in glutaraldehyde or Lugol's iodine) for shipment to a external facilities, or filtered onto glass-fiber filters for biomass (ash-free dry mass). For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, science design, and lab SOPs listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

alg_fieldData:  60

alg_biomass:  60

alg_biomassComp: 60

alg_taxonomyProcessed:  210

alg_taxonomyProcessedComp: 210

alg_taxonomyRaw:  210

alg_taxonomyRawComp: 210

alg_qualityCheck:  210

alg_archive:  30

alg_biovolumes:  14

alg_identificationHistory: 7
description: Periphyton and phytoplankton samples are collected three times per year at wadeable stream, river, and lake sites during aquatic biology bout windows, roughly in spring, summer, and fall. Samples are collected using the most appropriate sampler for the habitat and substratum type, including rock scrubs, grab samples, and epiphyton. In wadeable streams, periphyton samples are collected in the two most dominant benthic habitat types (e.g. riffles, runs, pools, step pools). In lakes, water-column phytoplankton samples are collected near the buoy and littoral sensors using a Kemmerer sampler, and in littoral areas using the best benthic sampling method for the substratum type. In rivers, phytoplankton samples are collected near the buoy and two other deep-water locations using a Kemmerer or Van Dorn sampler, and in littoral areas using the most benthic sampling method for the substratum type. Starting in 2024, field samples are composited by habitat type prior to processing. All field-collected samples (before 2024) and composite samples (2024 and later) are split into subsamples in the domain support facility, which are either processed in the facility (ash-free dry mass) or preserved and shipped to a contracting taxonomy laboratory. Diatoms and soft algae are identified and enumerated at the external taxonomy lab. Reference images are also collected. Slides and preserved subsamples are archived at the NEON Biorepository after analysis. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26039048
title: Recapping behavior in <i>Apis cerana</i>: does it contribute to resistance against <i>Varroa</i> spp.?

description: The invasion of the ectoparasitic mite <i>Varroa destructor</i> into European honey bee, <i>Apis mellifera</i>, populations has contributed to the collapse of most wild populations and economic losses in beekeeping operations. Understanding how some <i>A. mellifera</i> populations survive infestation by this parasite is of great fundamental and practical interest and has led to numerous studies of potential resistance mechanisms. One such mechanism is the uncapping and recapping of comb cells containing infested brood by nurse bees. Recapping has been observed in most surviving populations, but its link to <i>V. destructor</i> resistance remains unclear. Investigating the occurrence of recapping in the Eastern honey bee, <i>Apis cerana</i>, the original host of the parasite, could provide a better understanding of the evolution and function of this behaviour in the <i>Apis</i> genus. Here, we determined the frequency of recapping in two <i>A. cerana</i> populations in China and Thailand at different stages of brood development and compared them with a sympatric <i>A. mellifera</i> population in China. The species, which differ in their susceptibility to infestation, did not show significant differences in recapping frequency. A specific association between recapping and resistance to <i>Varroa</i> spp. in <i>A. cerana</i> is therefore not supported. We discuss possible functions and evolutionary scenarios for this behavior.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.26039048.v1
title: Recapping behavior in <i>Apis cerana</i>: does it contribute to resistance against <i>Varroa</i> spp.?

description: The invasion of the ectoparasitic mite <i>Varroa destructor</i> into European honey bee, <i>Apis mellifera</i>, populations has contributed to the collapse of most wild populations and economic losses in beekeeping operations. Understanding how some <i>A. mellifera</i> populations survive infestation by this parasite is of great fundamental and practical interest and has led to numerous studies of potential resistance mechanisms. One such mechanism is the uncapping and recapping of comb cells containing infested brood by nurse bees. Recapping has been observed in most surviving populations, but its link to <i>V. destructor</i> resistance remains unclear. Investigating the occurrence of recapping in the Eastern honey bee, <i>Apis cerana</i>, the original host of the parasite, could provide a better understanding of the evolution and function of this behaviour in the <i>Apis</i> genus. Here, we determined the frequency of recapping in two <i>A. cerana</i> populations in China and Thailand at different stages of brood development and compared them with a sympatric <i>A. mellifera</i> population in China. The species, which differ in their susceptibility to infestation, did not show significant differences in recapping frequency. A specific association between recapping and resistance to <i>Varroa</i> spp. in <i>A. cerana</i> is therefore not supported. We discuss possible functions and evolutionary scenarios for this behavior.
DOI: 10.48443/d4h5-ys70
title: 2D wind speed and direction (DP1.00001.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: Wind plays an important role in atmospheric and environmental sciences. A function of differential heating of Earth’s surface and subsequent pressure gradients, horizontal and vertical winds are responsible for advection of atmospheric pollutants, moisture, heat and momentum (Stull 1988). As such, horizontal and vertical winds will be measured throughout the Observatory.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: Multiple 2D anemometers are deployed at tower sites. They are located on each boom arm below the tower-top level at terrestrial sites. A single 2D anemometer is located at the top of the aquatic met station at a standard height of 3m above ground level. Two- and thirty-minute averages of horizontal wind speed and direction are calculated. Each 2D anemometer represents the point at which it is placed on the tower infrastructure. Instrumentation: Gill - Wind Observer II; Extreme Weather Wind Observer
DOI: 10.48443/7ph9-ca59
title: Coarse downed wood log survey (DP1.10010.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: The Coarse Downed Wood log survey data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from in-situ tallies and measurements of downed logs from each of NEON's terrestrial sites at which qualifying logs are present. Qualifying logs are tallied within each plot according to the Line Intercept Distance Sampling (LIDS) method, and additional diameter, length and decay class characteristics are measured for each tallied log. Data are reported per log per plot, and when forked logs are tallied, additional diameter data are reported for each qualifying log fork. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

cdw_fieldtally:  30

cdw_tally_identificationHistory: 7
description: Coarse Downed Wood tallies are performed at least once at all sites at which logs greater than or equal to 2 cm diameter exist. Additional surveys are performed at 5 year intervals at each site if initial LIDS estimates of CDW volume are non-zero. Sampling occurs in n=20 randomly selected Distributed Plots at the site scale, and also in Tower Plots established within the airshed of the NEON Tower. Within each plot, 3 randomly oriented transects are established, and transect lengths vary dynamically by site according to F-values selected to enable tallying of 7-10 qualifying logs per plot. Tallied logs are parsed into three size categories (2-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and greater than 10 cm diameter), five decay categories that are broadly matchable to existing USFS definitions, and are identified to the highest taxonomic resolution possible according to the USDA Plants database. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/72bn-6r43
title: Herbaceous clip harvest (DP1.10023.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's Herbaceous biomass clip harvest sampling. Herbaceous vegetation is operationally defined in this protocol as non-woody plants (i.e. grasses, sedges, forbs, some bryophytes, and non-woody vines such as Convolvulus spp. and certain Rubus spp.), as well as woody-stemmed plants with diameter at decimeter height (ddh) < 1 cm at the time of sampling. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

hbp_massdata:  60

hbp_perbout:  60
description: Clip-harvest of herbaceous biomass occurs within randomly located clip-harvest strips in 20m x 20m plots or subplots. Up to 20 non-forested Distributed plots (containing 1 clip strip per plot) and up to 30 Tower plots (containing 1-4 clip strips per plot) are sampled at each site. Tower plots are sampled every year at sites where herbaceous productivity > 10% of the sum of herbaceous and woody productivity. Tower plots at ungrazed sites are sampled once per year if there is a single annual biomass peak, and twice at sites with two biomass peaks per year in order to capture both warm season and cool season production. At grazed sites, sampling in Tower plots occurs once every 4 or 8 weeks while livestock are present. Distributed plots are sampled once every 5 years at plots where herbaceous aerial cover ≥ 50% at the plot scale. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/q9fa-ys92
title: Slope and Aspect - LiDAR (DP3.30025.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: The NEON AOP LiDAR Slope and Aspect product includes a slope map and aspect map, both in raster GeoTIFF format. Slope and aspect maps are derived from the DTM, which includes only elevations which relate to the physical terrain or “bare earth” surface model. Raster maps for the slope and aspect are reported with horizontal reference to the ITRF00 datum and projected to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) mapping frame. Slope is determined as the angle between a plane tangential to the local terrain surface and a plane tangential to the local Geoid12A surface, reported in degrees. Aspect is the direction of the steepest slope, given in degrees referenced to grid north. The slope and aspect rasters are divided into a set of 1 km by 1 km tiles, which have corners spatially referenced to an even kilometer. The filenames contain the coordinate of the lower left corner (south-west) of the tile. 

Latency:
AOP data will be available 60 days after the final collection day at a site.
description: The data product includes a slope map and aspect map, both in raster format. Raster maps for the slope and aspect are reported with horizontal reference to the ITRF00 datum and projected to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) mapping frame. Slope is determined using the local Geoid12A surface and is reported in degrees. Aspect is the direction of the steepest slope, given in degrees referenced to grid north. The slope and aspect rasters are divided into a set of 1 km by 1 km tiles, which have corners spatially referenced to an even kilometer. The product is stored in GeoTIFF format. Instrumentation: NEON Airborne Observation Platform (AOP) LiDAR - Optech Gemini
DOI: 10.48443/mfds-m209
title: Precipitation - tipping bucket (DP1.00045.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: Up to three methods are used to determine bulk precipitation at each site. Primary - weighing gauge housed within a small double fence intercomparison reference (DFIR). Secondary - tipping bucket located on the top of the tower at terrestrial sites or at approx. 1.5 m above the ground at aquatic sites. Throughfall - tipping buckets below the canopy and equipped with troughs extending outward from the tipping bucket. Note that throughfall sensors are unheated to avoid melting the surrounding seasonal snowpack, therefore solid precipitation will only be recorded when it melts. However, the lag time between solid precipitation falling and subsequently melting means that measurements of melting solid precipitation may be less reliable than liquid precipitation because, for example, wind may blow snow off the throughfall collector prior to melting. 

Note: NEON has split the bundled precipitation data product (DP1.0006.001) into three separate products. Primary weighing gauge precipitation has moved to DP1.00044.001: Precipitation - weighing gauge and throughfall precipitation has moved to DP1.00046.001:Precipitation - throughfall. Please see data notification [Precipitation (DP1.00006.001) to be split into three Data Products](https://www.neonscience.org/impact/observatory-blog/precipitation-dp100006001-be-split-three-data-products) for more information.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: Precipitation records are fundamental to understanding water availability in an ecosystem. Bulk precipitation measured using a DFIR and a weighing gauge is known to provide improved results over tipping bucket measurements. Thus, the weighing gauge surrounded by the DFIR (provided in DP1.00044.001) is considered the “primary” method, while the tipping bucket is referred to as the “secondary” method. Throughfall precipitation informs interception of precipitation by the canopy and pass-through to the soil surface (provided in DP1.00046.001). Instrumentation: Met One 372 tipping bucket (non-heated); Met One 379 tipping bucket (heated)
DOI: 10.48443/5vdg-0g32
title: Dissolved gases in surface water (DP1.20097.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's surface water dissolved gas sampling protocol. Water samples are equilibrated with air in the field. Samples of reference air (pre-equilibration) and equilibrated air (post-equilibration) are sent to external facilities for analysis to determine carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide concentrations in the gas samples. Data users should refer to the user guide for dissolved gases in surface water ([`NEON_dissolvGasInWater_UserGuide`](http://data.neonscience.org/api/v0/documents/NEON_dissolvGasInWater_userGuide_vA)) for suggestions on how to calculate dissolved concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide in the surface waters from which samples were collected using Henry's Law and mass balance equations. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

sdg_externalLabData:  120

sdg_externalLabSummaryData:  14

sdg_fieldData:  30

sdg_fieldDataAir:  30

sdg_fieldDataProc:  30

sdg_fieldSuperParent:  30
description: The dissolved gas sampling protocol is completed in conjunction with the water chemistry and aquatic stable isotope protocol. Grab samples of surface water at NEON aquatic sites are collected in streams 26 times per year and 12 times per year in lakes. In streams, 12 samples are collected at regular intervals during the sampling season, while the remaining 14 are collected on an irregular basis to capture major flow events. In lakes, samples are collected approximately monthly and to capture ice-on and ice-off events. For more information see [NEON.DOC.001199](http://data.neonscience.org/api/v0/documents/NEON.DOC.001199vK). Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/7b2c-ga32
title: Chemical properties of surface water (DP1.20093.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's surface water chemistry sampling protocol. Subsamples are analyzed at NEON domain headquarters for alkalinity and acid neutralizing capacity (ANC); other subsamples are sent to external facilities for a broad suite of analytes, including dissolved and total nutrients and carbon, cations and anions, and general chemistry. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

swc_domainLabData:  60

swc_externalLabData:  150

swc_fieldData:  30

swc_fieldSuperParent:  30

swc_externalLabSummaryData:  14
description: Grab samples of surface water at NEON aquatic sites are collected in streams and rivers 15- 26 times per year and 12 times per year in lakes. In streams and rivers, 12 samples are collected at regular intervals during the sampling season while the remaining 14 are collected on an irregular basis to capture major flow events. In lakes samples are collected approximately monthly and to capture ice-on and ice-off events. The field protocol used by NEON for collecting surface water chemistry samples follows the general requirements set forth by the 2011 USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program and the Arctic LTER standard operating procedures (SOP). Sample handling and preparation portions of this protocol follow the general requirements set forth by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program (USGS 2006). Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ebrjru
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 488 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{"type":"and","predicates":[{"type":"within","geometry":"POLYGON ((117.687 6.164136, 117.616332 6.158565, 117.547408 6.14199, 117.481929 6.114819, 117.421511 6.077724, 117.367643 6.031619, 117.321652 5.977642, 117.284669 5.917124, 117.257604 5.851557, 117.241118 5.782557, 117.235616 5.711823, 117.241228 5.641097, 117.257812 5.572122, 117.284955 5.506593, 117.321988 5.446124, 117.367997 5.3922, 117.421848 5.346149, 117.482216 5.309102, 117.547616 5.28197, 117.616441 5.265419, 117.687 5.259857, 117.757559 5.265419, 117.826384 5.28197, 117.891784 5.309102, 117.952152 5.346149, 118.006003 5.3922, 118.052012 5.446124, 118.089045 5.506593, 118.116188 5.572122, 118.132772 5.641097, 118.138384 5.711823, 118.132882 5.782557, 118.116396 5.851557, 118.089331 5.917124, 118.052348 5.977642, 118.006357 6.031619, 117.952489 6.077724, 117.892071 6.114819, 117.826592 6.14199, 117.757668 6.158565, 117.687 6.164136))"},{"type":"equals","key":"CLASS_KEY","value":"212","matchCase":false},{"type":"greaterThanOrEquals","key":"YEAR","value":"2015","matchCase":false},{"type":"not","predicate":{"type":"in","key":"BASIS_OF_RECORD","values":["MATERIAL_CITATION","MATERIAL_SAMPLE","PRESERVED_SPECIMEN"],"matchCase":false}},{"type":"lessThanOrEquals","key":"COORDINATE_UNCERTAINTY_IN_METERS","value":"10000","matchCase":false},{"type":"equals","key":"LICENSE","value":"CC BY 4.0","matchCase":false}]}

 The dataset includes 488 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0005700-260120142942310/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.48443/w4cw-j689
title: Summary weather statistics (DP4.00001.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: The data products used for computing summary weather statistics represent fundamental meteorological parameters and are commonly monitored by many meteorological networks (e.g., USCRN, SCAN, etc.). Summaries of these meteorologic parameters are useful for understanding trends and changes in weather patterns.

Latency:
Data collected in any given month are published during the second full week of the following month.
description: Summary weather statistics are be generated from Level 1 (L1) data products at NEON core sites. The L1 data products used to generate summary weather statistics are 2D wind speed (DP1.00001.001), Triple aspirated air temperature (DP1.00003.001), Barometric pressure (DP1.00004.001), Primary precipitation (DP1.00006.001) [ TEMPORARILY REMOVED. See issue log], Shortwave radiation (primary pyranometer) (DP1.00022.001), and Relative humidity (DP1.00098.001). The means, minima, maxima, variances, and standard errors of the mean are reported for the finest temporal resolution of each data product. For Primary precipitation, only precipitation totals are reported. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/zrky-h303
title: LAI - spectrometer - flightline (DP2.30012.001)
title: RELEASE-2026

description: The leaf area index (LAI) is a derived spectral product from remotely sensed data that is used as a proxy for describing leaf area across areas larger than can be measured by more direct ground-based measurements such as hemispherical photography. It is often used as an input layer for productivity, landscape, and climate models. The Level 2 LAI product is distributed by flight line in geotiff (.tif) format.

Latency: AOP data are expected to be available 60 days after the final collection day at a site. Note: Data for airborne collections in 2022 and 2023 are currently being added to the data portal under a new revision number (DP2.30012.002), so will not be available here. LAI derived from directional reflectance will still be available for earlier collections (pre 2022) until they are re-processed with all of the latest reflectance corrections. See the "Additional Remarks" section for more details.
description: The Level 2 LAI data product and associated uncertainty is distributed in geotiff (.tif) raster data format containing one flight line per file in UTM projection and ITRF00 datum. Instrumentation: NEON Airborne Observation Platform (AOP) Imaging Spectrometer (NIS) - NASA/JPL AVIRIS-NG