DOI: 10.5061/dryad.59zw3r2bh
title: Data for: The Martian atmospheric waves perturbation Datasets (MAWPD) version 2.0

description: The Martian atmospheric waves perturbation Datasets (MAWPD) version 2.0 is
 the first observation-based climatology dataset of Martian atmospheric
 waves. It contains climatology-gridded temperature, gravity waves, and
 tides spanning the whole Martian year. MAWPD uses the Data INterpolating
 Empirical Orthogonal Functions method (DINEOF) reconstruction method for
 data assimilation with the observational data from the Mars Global
 Surveyor (MGS), Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), Mars Atmosphere and
 Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN), Mars Pathfinder (MP), Mars Phoenix Lander
 (MPL), Mars Exploration Rover (MER) and Mars Express (MEX) temperature
 retrievals. The dataset includes gridded fields of temperature (Level 1
 data) as well as the physical quantities of GWs (Level 2 data, amplitude,
 and potential energies), SPWs and tides (Level 2 data, amplitude, and
 phase). We found the MAWPD can well reflect the climatological variations
 of gravity and tidal waves in the Martian atmosphere. The dataset is
 useful for observation-based scientific studies concerning Martian
 atmospheric waves, e.g., circulation, dust storms, and the wave excitation
 mechanism on Mars, and their comparison with the reanalysis dataset.
description: The MAWPD is based on the
 grids established by Martian atmospheric temperature retrievals from
 instruments on multiple orbiters and landers, while the DINEOF
 reconstruction method is used to fill in the missing data of grids. The
 reconstructed grids are then used to calculate all the waves including
 tides, GWs, and SPWs. Based on the
 3.95 billion grid
 points of nearly 182.18 million temperature profiles after
 quality control obtained by spacecraft instruments (MGS/RO, MGS/TES,
 MRO/MCS, MAVEN/IUVS, MEX/RO, MEX/SPICAM, MP, MPL, MER1, and MER2), the
 high-resolution temperature grids are reconstructed with DINEOF method as
 Level 1 data. The grids of Level 2 data, i.e., GWs, SPWs, and tides, are
 calculated using the Level 1 data. The dataset resolution is
 5°(latitude)×10°(longitude) in the horizontal and 100
 uniformly distributed layers in the vertical from 1km to 100km with per 5°
 Ls and 2hr LT temporal resolution. Thus, the grid dimension is  72(Ls) ×
 12(LT) × 100(altitude) × 36(latitude) × 36(longitude) as shown in table
 1.
description: The ‘MAWPD_XX.nc’ file contains three kind of
 variables including ‘dimension variables’, ‘Five dimensional variables’,
 and ‘Three dimensional variables’ (table 1). Specifically, dimension variables
 ‘Solar_Longitude’, ‘Local_Time’,’ Altitude’, ‘Latitude’, and ‘Longitude’
 are five dimensions called Ls, Lt, Altitude, Latitude, Longitude,
 respectively. Five dimensional variables ‘Temperature’,
 ‘Temperature_sd’, ‘Temperature_I’, ‘Temperature_D’, ‘GW’, and ‘E’ are the
 air temperature (K), standard deviation of temperature (K), instrument
 number, data point number, gravity wave amplitude normalized by background
 temperature (%), and potential energy of gravity wave
 (J*kg<sup>-1</sup>) in the entire covered spatio-temporal
 domain, respectively. They are storage in ‘MAWPD_v2.0_T.nc’,
 ‘MAWPD_v2.0_T_sd.nc’, ‘MAWPD_v2.0_T_I.nc’, ‘MAWPD_v2.0_T_D.nc’,
 ‘MAWPD_v2.0_GW_NA.nc’, and ‘MAWPD_v2.0_GW_PE.nc’,
 respectively. Five-dimensional variable ‘Temperature’
 represents the climatology atmospheric state in the entire domain
 completely and sustain the calculation for ‘GW’, and ‘E’. The super
 observation standard deviation ‘Temperature_sd’ of air temperature in the
 grid is a proxy of observation error, while the number of instruments
 contributing data to the grid ‘Temperature_I’ and number of data points in
 the grid ‘Temperature_D’ tell users how heavily it is constrained by data.
 Five-dimensional variable ‘GW’, and ‘E’ represents the climatology gravity
 waves in the entire domain. Three
 dimensional variables ‘amp_T_XXX’ and ‘phs_T_XXX’ are the daily and
 zonally mean amplitude and phase of the specific tidal wave. For example,
 ‘amp_T_DW1’ and ‘phs_T_DW1’ are the daily and zonally amplitude and phase
 of the migrating diurnal tide (DW1). Three-dimensional variables are
 calculated by the Five-dimensional variable ‘Temperature’. They lost two
 dimensions (Lt and Longitude) due to the tidal calculation described in
 the equation (4) above and represents the climatology zonal and daily mean
 tides in different Ls, Altitude, and latitude. They are all storaged in
 ‘MAWPD_v2.0_tide.nc’. The
 Tides in the NetCDF file include the amplitude and phase of wave number 1
 to 5 westward propagating migrating diurnal tide (DW1 to DW5), wave number
 1 to 5 eastward propagating migrating diurnal tide (DE1 to DE5), wave
 number 1 to 5 westward propagating migrating semidiurnal tide (SW1 to
 SW5), wave number 1 to 5 eastward propagating migrating semidiurnal tide
 (SE1 to SE5), diurnal and semi-diurnal zonally symmetric tide (DS0, SS0).
 While the SPWs products include the amplitude and phase of wave number 1
 to 5 stationary planetary waves. In addition, the amplitude and phase of
 zonal mean temperature are calculated for reference. The GWs perturbation and potential energy
 representing the intensity of GWs activity are also stored as Level 2 data
 in the dataset.