cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670718
title: Diversity and Efficiency of Rhizobia Communities from Iron Mining Areas Using Cowpea as a Trap Plant

description: ABSTRACT Mining is an important economic activity. However, its impact on environment must be accessed, mainly on relevant processes for their sustainability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity and efficiency of symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacterial communities in soils under different types of vegetation in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero: ironstone outcrops, Atlantic Forest, neotropical savanna, and a rehabilitated area revegetated with grass. Suspensions of soil samples collected under each type of vegetation were made in a saline solution to capture rhizobia communities that were then inoculated on cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], which was used as a trap plant. The symbiotic efficiency of the communities was evaluated in a greenhouse experiment and the data obtained were correlated to the chemical and physical properties of the soils under each type of vegetation. At the end of the experiment, the bacteria present in the nodules were isolated to evaluate their diversity. The highest numbers of nodules occurred in the treatment inoculated with soil samples from rehabilitated area revegetated with grass and neotropical savanna vegetation, and the lowest numbers were observed in the treatment inoculated with soil samples from ironstone outcrops and Atlantic Forest. In relation to root dry matter, the treatment inoculated with soil samples from Neotropical savanah was superior to those inoculated with soil samples from the other areas; already, in relation to the shoot dry matter, no significant difference among the treatments was observed. The soil properties with the greatest influence on the microbial communities were Al3+ content, considered as high in the Atlantic Forest and neotropical savanna vegetation, as intermediate in the iron outcrops, and as very low in the rehabilitated area revegetated with grass; organic matter, considered as very high in the ironstone outcrops and neotropical savanna, as high in the Atlantic Forest, and as low in the rehabilitated area revegetated with grass; and the pH, with intermediate acidity level in the rehabilitated area revegetated with grass, high level of acidity in the iron outcrops and neotropical savanna, and very high acidity in the Atlantic Forest. After isolation of the nodules, 380 bacterial strains were obtained and separated into 27 groups by cultural characterization analysis. Genetic diversity was evaluated by the 16S rRNA gene partial sequencing of 156 strains, which identified some bacteria belonging to nitrogen-fixing Leguminosae nodulating bacterial genera (Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Burkholderia, and Cupriavidus), some representative of associative bacteria (Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Herbaspirillum, Pseudomonas, and Agrobacterium), and other genera (Brevibacillus, Novosphingobium, Chitinophaga, Dyella, Acinetobacter, and Stenotrophomonas). The highest genetic diversity of bacteria was found in the rehabilitated area revegetated with grass indicated that it was effective in soil rehabilitation
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670718.v1
title: Diversity and Efficiency of Rhizobia Communities from Iron Mining Areas Using Cowpea as a Trap Plant

description: ABSTRACT Mining is an important economic activity. However, its impact on environment must be accessed, mainly on relevant processes for their sustainability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity and efficiency of symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacterial communities in soils under different types of vegetation in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero: ironstone outcrops, Atlantic Forest, neotropical savanna, and a rehabilitated area revegetated with grass. Suspensions of soil samples collected under each type of vegetation were made in a saline solution to capture rhizobia communities that were then inoculated on cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], which was used as a trap plant. The symbiotic efficiency of the communities was evaluated in a greenhouse experiment and the data obtained were correlated to the chemical and physical properties of the soils under each type of vegetation. At the end of the experiment, the bacteria present in the nodules were isolated to evaluate their diversity. The highest numbers of nodules occurred in the treatment inoculated with soil samples from rehabilitated area revegetated with grass and neotropical savanna vegetation, and the lowest numbers were observed in the treatment inoculated with soil samples from ironstone outcrops and Atlantic Forest. In relation to root dry matter, the treatment inoculated with soil samples from Neotropical savanah was superior to those inoculated with soil samples from the other areas; already, in relation to the shoot dry matter, no significant difference among the treatments was observed. The soil properties with the greatest influence on the microbial communities were Al3+ content, considered as high in the Atlantic Forest and neotropical savanna vegetation, as intermediate in the iron outcrops, and as very low in the rehabilitated area revegetated with grass; organic matter, considered as very high in the ironstone outcrops and neotropical savanna, as high in the Atlantic Forest, and as low in the rehabilitated area revegetated with grass; and the pH, with intermediate acidity level in the rehabilitated area revegetated with grass, high level of acidity in the iron outcrops and neotropical savanna, and very high acidity in the Atlantic Forest. After isolation of the nodules, 380 bacterial strains were obtained and separated into 27 groups by cultural characterization analysis. Genetic diversity was evaluated by the 16S rRNA gene partial sequencing of 156 strains, which identified some bacteria belonging to nitrogen-fixing Leguminosae nodulating bacterial genera (Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Burkholderia, and Cupriavidus), some representative of associative bacteria (Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Herbaspirillum, Pseudomonas, and Agrobacterium), and other genera (Brevibacillus, Novosphingobium, Chitinophaga, Dyella, Acinetobacter, and Stenotrophomonas). The highest genetic diversity of bacteria was found in the rehabilitated area revegetated with grass indicated that it was effective in soil rehabilitation
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670715
title: Clay Mineralogy of Brazilian Oxisols with Shrinkage Properties

description: ABSTRACT Shrinkage capacity (caráter retrátil in Portuguese) is a new diagnostic characteristic recently introduced in the Brazilian System of Soil Classification (SiBCS) to indicate shrink and swell properties observed in subtropical soils from highland plateaus in southern Brazil, specifically in Oxisols with brown colors. In soils located in road cuts exposed to drying for some weeks, strong shrinkage of soil volume is observed in these soils, resulting in the formation of pronounced vertical cracks and large and very large prismatic structures, which crumble in blocks when handled. We hypothesize that such properties are related to their clay mineralogy, although there are no conclusive studies about this, the motive for the present study. Samples of the A and B horizons from six Oxisols with expansive capacity from the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul were analyzed. One Rhodic Hapludox, from the state of Paraná, without expansive capacity, was used for comparison. All the soils are very clayey, originated from basalt, and have similar iron oxide content. For identification of clay mineralogy, X-ray diffraction techniques were employed, together with the use of NEWMOD® software to investigate and describe the interstratified minerals. The results showed that most expansive soils have a similar mineralogical composition, with kaolinite, interstratified kaolinite-smectite (K-S), and hydroxy-Al interlayered smectites (HIS), unlike the non-expansive Rhodic Hapludox, which exhibited kaolinite with significant amounts of gibbsite and low amount of interstratified K-S. According to the mineralogical assemblage identified in the expansive soils, we can affirm that the mechanism of smectite expansion and contraction is related to the shrinkage capacity of the soil, considering that the level of hydroxy-Al intercalation is low. In addition, these mechanisms also are related to the presence of quasicrystals and domains that control the water dynamic in the smectites, contributing to shrinkage capacity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670715.v1
title: Clay Mineralogy of Brazilian Oxisols with Shrinkage Properties

description: ABSTRACT Shrinkage capacity (caráter retrátil in Portuguese) is a new diagnostic characteristic recently introduced in the Brazilian System of Soil Classification (SiBCS) to indicate shrink and swell properties observed in subtropical soils from highland plateaus in southern Brazil, specifically in Oxisols with brown colors. In soils located in road cuts exposed to drying for some weeks, strong shrinkage of soil volume is observed in these soils, resulting in the formation of pronounced vertical cracks and large and very large prismatic structures, which crumble in blocks when handled. We hypothesize that such properties are related to their clay mineralogy, although there are no conclusive studies about this, the motive for the present study. Samples of the A and B horizons from six Oxisols with expansive capacity from the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul were analyzed. One Rhodic Hapludox, from the state of Paraná, without expansive capacity, was used for comparison. All the soils are very clayey, originated from basalt, and have similar iron oxide content. For identification of clay mineralogy, X-ray diffraction techniques were employed, together with the use of NEWMOD® software to investigate and describe the interstratified minerals. The results showed that most expansive soils have a similar mineralogical composition, with kaolinite, interstratified kaolinite-smectite (K-S), and hydroxy-Al interlayered smectites (HIS), unlike the non-expansive Rhodic Hapludox, which exhibited kaolinite with significant amounts of gibbsite and low amount of interstratified K-S. According to the mineralogical assemblage identified in the expansive soils, we can affirm that the mechanism of smectite expansion and contraction is related to the shrinkage capacity of the soil, considering that the level of hydroxy-Al intercalation is low. In addition, these mechanisms also are related to the presence of quasicrystals and domains that control the water dynamic in the smectites, contributing to shrinkage capacity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670703
title: Statistical Literacy in Teachers from Distinct Training Levels

description: Abstract: The aim of this paper is to assess the levels of statistical literacy and perception of Early Teaching Training (ITE) students and teachers working in the Chilean schooling system. Two measuring tools were applied: (1) statistical literacy and (2) perception, both validated statistically. The results of this analysis show that, in general, ITE students and working teachers present low achievement percentage on decoding textual situations, delivering unlikely arguments with little basis on basic statistical concepts.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670703.v1
title: Statistical Literacy in Teachers from Distinct Training Levels

description: Abstract: The aim of this paper is to assess the levels of statistical literacy and perception of Early Teaching Training (ITE) students and teachers working in the Chilean schooling system. Two measuring tools were applied: (1) statistical literacy and (2) perception, both validated statistically. The results of this analysis show that, in general, ITE students and working teachers present low achievement percentage on decoding textual situations, delivering unlikely arguments with little basis on basic statistical concepts.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670694
title: The Teaching of Radiology: an Analysis of Health Curricula in Undergraduate Institutions of Southern Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Introduction Due to the importance of radiology in medical research, disease diagnosis and prevention, allied to its current and future technological advances, it is imperative that more studies are conducted to evaluate its curricular dynamics. Objective To evaluate the curricular profile of radiology in Medicine, Physiotherapy and Biomedicine courses offered in public and private undergraduate educational institutions in the southern region of Brazil. Material and methods The class hours of the courses were analyzed and data about subjects that would be related to radiology (SRRs – Subjects Related to Radiology) was collected. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The proportionality of the class hours of the SRRs in the courses was made through correlation between the courses’ total class hours and those allocated to the SRRs by analyzing Person’s correlation coefficient. Student’s t-test with a level of significance of P &lt; 0.05 was employed to verify the existence of standardization in the radiological studies among the courses. Results The average class hours found in the courses was 58 hours. By analyzing every course separately, Biomedicine showed the highest average class hours compared to the Medicine and Physiotherapy courses. High variability in the courses was found in relation to the class hours of SRRs. Medicine and Biomedicine showed a positive correlation, i.e., the more class hours, the more class hours allocated to SRRs. In the Physiotherapy course a slight negative correlation was detected, i.e., the more course class hours, the less class hours were related to SRRs. Conclusion The results showed that Biomedicine and Medicine courses possessed the highest average class hours. Biomedicine had the biggest gap in class hours, and high heterogeneity with respect to the teaching of radiology between the courses analyzed and between the same courses at different institutions. Despite the study limitations that included not having access to specific class contents, the competencies and skills being taught, this study has contributed to the overall discussion regarding the curricular profile of courses that involve radiology.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670694.v1
title: The Teaching of Radiology: an Analysis of Health Curricula in Undergraduate Institutions of Southern Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Introduction Due to the importance of radiology in medical research, disease diagnosis and prevention, allied to its current and future technological advances, it is imperative that more studies are conducted to evaluate its curricular dynamics. Objective To evaluate the curricular profile of radiology in Medicine, Physiotherapy and Biomedicine courses offered in public and private undergraduate educational institutions in the southern region of Brazil. Material and methods The class hours of the courses were analyzed and data about subjects that would be related to radiology (SRRs – Subjects Related to Radiology) was collected. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The proportionality of the class hours of the SRRs in the courses was made through correlation between the courses’ total class hours and those allocated to the SRRs by analyzing Person’s correlation coefficient. Student’s t-test with a level of significance of P &lt; 0.05 was employed to verify the existence of standardization in the radiological studies among the courses. Results The average class hours found in the courses was 58 hours. By analyzing every course separately, Biomedicine showed the highest average class hours compared to the Medicine and Physiotherapy courses. High variability in the courses was found in relation to the class hours of SRRs. Medicine and Biomedicine showed a positive correlation, i.e., the more class hours, the more class hours allocated to SRRs. In the Physiotherapy course a slight negative correlation was detected, i.e., the more course class hours, the less class hours were related to SRRs. Conclusion The results showed that Biomedicine and Medicine courses possessed the highest average class hours. Biomedicine had the biggest gap in class hours, and high heterogeneity with respect to the teaching of radiology between the courses analyzed and between the same courses at different institutions. Despite the study limitations that included not having access to specific class contents, the competencies and skills being taught, this study has contributed to the overall discussion regarding the curricular profile of courses that involve radiology.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670691
title: Resistance exercise recovers the structure of cartilage and synovial membrane of the ankle joint of rats after sciatic compression

description: Abstract Aim to determine the effects of sciatic compression and treatment with resistance exercise on the morphology of the ankle joint of Wistar rats. Methods 32 male rats, aged 10 ± 1 week, weighing 376±22 grams were divided into the following four groups (n=8/group): CG (control), LG (lesion), EG (exercise) and LEG (lesion and exercise). Three days after sciatic compression, the animals in the EG and LEG were submitted to resistance exercise by climbing stairs (five days/week) for three weeks and a load of 100 grams was added. The exercise was carried out in two sets of ten consecutive ascents of the steps. The ankle joint tissues were analyzed for their morphometry and morphology using light microscopy. Results Regarding the number of chondrocytes, the LG and EG had more cells in the anterior articular cartilage in the tibia (62 and 43%) and in the talus (57 and 45%) when compared to the CG. In the LEG there was a 25% and 26% reduction of chondrocytes in the anterior cartilage in the tibia and talus when compared to the LG. Changes were observed in the tibia and talus in the LG, with the presence of flocculation, invagination of the subchondral bone, discontinuity of tidemark and pannus covering the subchondral bone in the talus, as well as changes in the synovial membrane. These alterations were minimized in the articular cartilage and synovial membrane in the LEG. Conclusions exercise restores the tissue morphology of ankle joint in Wistar rats after sciatic compression.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670691.v1
title: Resistance exercise recovers the structure of cartilage and synovial membrane of the ankle joint of rats after sciatic compression

description: Abstract Aim to determine the effects of sciatic compression and treatment with resistance exercise on the morphology of the ankle joint of Wistar rats. Methods 32 male rats, aged 10 ± 1 week, weighing 376±22 grams were divided into the following four groups (n=8/group): CG (control), LG (lesion), EG (exercise) and LEG (lesion and exercise). Three days after sciatic compression, the animals in the EG and LEG were submitted to resistance exercise by climbing stairs (five days/week) for three weeks and a load of 100 grams was added. The exercise was carried out in two sets of ten consecutive ascents of the steps. The ankle joint tissues were analyzed for their morphometry and morphology using light microscopy. Results Regarding the number of chondrocytes, the LG and EG had more cells in the anterior articular cartilage in the tibia (62 and 43%) and in the talus (57 and 45%) when compared to the CG. In the LEG there was a 25% and 26% reduction of chondrocytes in the anterior cartilage in the tibia and talus when compared to the LG. Changes were observed in the tibia and talus in the LG, with the presence of flocculation, invagination of the subchondral bone, discontinuity of tidemark and pannus covering the subchondral bone in the talus, as well as changes in the synovial membrane. These alterations were minimized in the articular cartilage and synovial membrane in the LEG. Conclusions exercise restores the tissue morphology of ankle joint in Wistar rats after sciatic compression.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670688
title: What mental process favours quality decision-making in young soccer players?

description: Abstract Aim The aim of this research is to identify the mechanisms that lead soccer players to make quality tactical decisions, and how these mechanisms evolve over time. Methods Ninety male youth players training in a professional club in Brazil were submitted to a soccer video test which consists in making tactical decisions when the image freezes. These participants were divided in five groups with 18 players in each of following age levels: Under-11, Under-13, Under-15, Under-17 and Under-20. The dominant statements of verbal reports were distributed in categories that reflect key mechanisms. The frequency of correct tactical answers was calculated for each statement types and Standard Residuals (e) were calculated to verify the influence of the mechanisms on the quality of tactical decision for each age level. Results Results revealed that evaluation statement was related to accurate tactical decisions from Under-15 age level. Conclusion In conclusion, evaluation of perceived information makes better decision makers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670688.v1
title: What mental process favours quality decision-making in young soccer players?

description: Abstract Aim The aim of this research is to identify the mechanisms that lead soccer players to make quality tactical decisions, and how these mechanisms evolve over time. Methods Ninety male youth players training in a professional club in Brazil were submitted to a soccer video test which consists in making tactical decisions when the image freezes. These participants were divided in five groups with 18 players in each of following age levels: Under-11, Under-13, Under-15, Under-17 and Under-20. The dominant statements of verbal reports were distributed in categories that reflect key mechanisms. The frequency of correct tactical answers was calculated for each statement types and Standard Residuals (e) were calculated to verify the influence of the mechanisms on the quality of tactical decision for each age level. Results Results revealed that evaluation statement was related to accurate tactical decisions from Under-15 age level. Conclusion In conclusion, evaluation of perceived information makes better decision makers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5670682
title: Outdoor gyms in Santiago: urban distribution and effects on physical activity

description: Abstract Aims To put together a registry of the location of all existing outdoor gyms (OGs) in Santiago, Chile, and establish a profile of the users of these gyms. Methods All OGs in Santiago located in public spaces were identified and geo-referenced, and an accessibility analysis of them was carried out. A total of 1,023 users of OGs were surveyed (71% men, average age 31.5 years old, SD =16.6), about the frequency of use of OGs, amount of time spent using them, transportation habits, motivation for usage, and their perceptions regarding their own health, among other questions. In addition, each person's neck circumference was measured. Results There are 1,981 OGs in the city squares, sidewalks and parks, mostly located in poorest areas of the city. Most OG users live less than one kilometer away from an OG. Discussion In line with international studies, this research demonstrates that OGs have positive collateral effects, as they not only contribute to users to increase their physical activity, but also because they attract people with sedentary lifestyles to make physical activity. This, in turn, might contribute to make urban areas more livable and safer, for they bring new "eyes to the street" and permit to use cities' under-occupied public spaces. Conclusion The proliferation of outdoor gyms should be regarded as an opportunity for public health policies aimed at tackling the obesity problem and increasing the physical activity of people.