DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n2z34tn70
title: Simultaneous transmission of information and key exchange using the same photonic quantum states

description: Quantum communication realizes information-theoretic security using
 photonic quantum states, for example, quantum secure direct communication
 (QSDC), which can achieve secure and reliable communication in a channel
 with both noise and eavesdroppers. However, QSDC suffers from large losses
 and short communication distances, thus being impractical for
 applications. Here, we have proposed a one-way quasi-QSDC protocol with
 single photons. This protocol enables the simultaneous transmission of
 information and key exchange using the same single photons and is robust
 against loss and error because it uses error correction and spectrum
 expansion techniques. In a proof-of-principle demonstration using weak
 coherent pulses, the system achieved a real-time secure transmission rate
 of 2.38 kilobits per second over a 104.8-km standard
 telecommunication fiber, which set world records in both aspects. This
 system paved the way for the practical application of QSDC and offers a
 unique method to detect eavesdropping online, which is crucial in certain
 circumstances.
description: To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed STIKE protocol, we
 completed a proof-of-principle demonstration experiment. We constructed a
 Faraday-Michelson system to run the STIKE protocol. The communication
 distance between Alice and Bob was 104.8 km, utilizing standard
 telecommunication fiber that exhibited a loss of 0.2 dB/km. 
 We conducted a 168-hour test of the communication rate and
 quantum bit error rate (QBER) of the system, with the data summarized in
 Fig2.xlsx. The communication rate and QBER data are also separately
 available in Rate_168h.txt and QBER_168h.txt, respectively, facilitating
 the plotting of temporal trends in both metrics using the Matlab script
 Fig.m, corresponding to Figure 2 in the paper. Additionally, Matlab
 scripts Fig3.m and h.m were utilized for the performance analysis of the
 secrecy capacity in the STIKE protocol, resulting in the generation of
 Figure 3. This figure encompasses our experimental communication rate
 results alongside simulations of the secrecy capacity and reliable
 communication bound of the protocol using the two-decoy state method and
 wire-tap channel theory.
description: # Simultaneous transmission of information and key exchange using the same
 photonic quantum states
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n2z34tn70](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n2z34tn70) ## Description of the data and file structure **The Source Data for Figures 2 and 3 in "Simultaneous transmission of information and key exchange using the same photonic quantum states"** * **Fig2.xlsx**: This file contains comprehensive data on the communication rate and quantum bit error rate (QBER), gathered over a continuous 168-hour period during the operation of a prototype system implementing the STIKE protocol. * **Rate_168h.txt**: This text file specifically holds data on the communication rate, recorded continuously for 168 hours during the operation of a prototype system that executed the STIKE protocol. * **QBER_168h.txt**: This text file contains detailed data on the quantum bit error rate (QBER), collected over a continuous 168-hour span during the operation of a prototype system implementing the STIKE protocol. ### Files and variables #### File: Fig2.m **Description:** The Matlab code utilized to generate Figure 2, leveraging the data from Rate_168h.txt and QBER_168h.txt. #### File: Fig2.xlsx **Description:** This file contains comprehensive data on the communication rate and quantum bit error rate (QBER), gathered over a continuous 168-hour period during the operation of a prototype system implementing the STIKE protocol. #### File: Fig3.m **Description:** It was utilized for the performance analysis of the secrecy capacity in the STIKE protocol, resulting in the generation of Figure 3. This figure encompasses our experimental communication rate results alongside simulations of the secrecy capacity and reliable communication bound of the protocol using the two-decoy state method and Wyner’s wiretap channel theory. #### File: h.m **Description:** Matlab function for the binary Shannon information function. #### File: QBER\_168h.txt **Description:** This text file contains detailed data on the quantum bit error rate (QBER), collected over a continuous 168-hour span during the operation of a prototype system implementing the STIKE protocol. #### File: Rate\_168h.txt **Description:** This text file specifically holds data on the communication rate, recorded continuously for 168 hours during the operation of a prototype system that executed the STIKE protocol. ## Code/software Software: Matlab ## Access information Other publicly accessible locations of the data: * No Data was derived from the following sources: * No