DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dfn2z35d8
title: Effects of a 12-week exercise intervention on primitive reflex retention and social development in children with ASD and ADHD

description: This dataset provides repeated measures of primitive reflex activity and
 behavioral characteristics in children, collected to explore the
 developmental relationships between neurophysiological immaturity and
 behavioral tendencies such as ADHD traits, conduct issues, and social
 functioning. Primitive reflexes—including the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
 (TLR), Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflexes (STNR, ATNR),
 Landau, Galant, and Babinski—were assessed across four time points:
 pre-intervention, and at one, two, and three months post-baseline. Reflex
 scores were recorded using two systems: a 0–4 scale for degree of
 persistence or abnormality, and binary (0 = negative, 1 = positive) for
 simple presence/absence. Behavioral traits were evaluated using the Social
 Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2) and the Conners 3rd Edition (Conners3),
 capturing dimensions such as inattention, hyperactivity, executive
 functioning, and oppositional behavior. This dataset enables longitudinal
 investigation into how retained primitive reflexes may relate to
 behavioral regulation and neurodevelopmental profiles in early childhood.
 It may serve as a valuable resource for clinical researchers,
 developmental psychologists, and educators working in early intervention
 and neurodevelopmental assessment.
description: # Effects of a 12-week exercise intervention on primitive reflex retention
 and social development in children with ASD and ADHD Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.dfn2z35d8](10.5061/dryad.dfn2z35d8) ## Description of the
 data and file structure **Description** This dataset contains repeated
 measurements of primitive reflexes and standardized behavioral assessments
 in children, aimed at investigating the relationship between retained
 primitive reflexes and behavioral traits such as ADHD, conduct problems,
 and social responsiveness. Data were collected at four time points: *
 Pre-intervention (baseline) * 1 month post * 2 months post * 3 months post
 Each reflex test was scored based on predefined criteria, and behavioral
 measures were obtained using validated scales. File: PRR_Dryad.xlsx
 **Scoring Details** Primitive Reflex Sheets (0–4 scoring): Reflex Name
 Description HD Head Dropping reflex TLR_Flex, TRL_Ext Tonic Labyrinthine
 Reflex (flexion/extension) STNR_Flex, STNR_Ext Symmetrical Tonic Neck
 Reflex (flexion/extension) ATNR_Quad_L/R, ATNR_Stand_L/R Asymmetrical
 Tonic Neck Reflex (quadruped and standing, left/right) Finger opposit_L/R
 Finger opposition reflex → Scoring range: 0 (no response) to 4 (strong
 retention/abnormal pattern) → Time points: Pre, 1M, 2M, 3M Binary-Scored
 Reflexes (0/1 scoring): Reflex Name Description Landau Landau reflex
 Galant Galant reflex Babinski_L/R Babinski reflex (left/right) → Score: 0
 = Negative (normal), 1 = Positive (abnormal) → Time points: Pre, 1M, 2M,
 3M **Usage Notes** Each reflex is tested multiple times across a 3-month
 period. Missing or invalid data are marked as empty cells or NaN. Scoring
 was conducted by trained assessors according to standardized motor testing
 protocols. SRS-2 and Conners3 are proprietary scales; scoring and
 interpretation should follow their manuals. **Citation** If you use this
 dataset, please cite the original study as follows: Norikazu Hirose et al.
 (2025). Effects of a 12-week exercise intervention on primitive reflex
 retention and social development in children with ASD and ADHD [Dataset].
 Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dfn2z35d8 ### Files and variables
 #### File: PRR_Dryad.xlsx **Sheet Name: Description** ID: Participant
 identifiers and grouping information. HD, TLR_Flex, TRL_Ext, STNR_Flex,
 STNR_Ext, ATNR_Quad_L, ATNR_Quad_R, ATNR_Stand_L, ATNR_Stand_R, Finger
 opposit_L, Finger opposit_R: Primitive reflex test scores for motor
 patterns. Each sheet includes scores at four time points (Pre, 1M, 2M,
 3M). Scoring is on a 0–4 scale, where higher scores indicate greater
 reflex retention or abnormality. Landau, Galant, Babinski_L, Babinski_R:
 Binary-scored reflex tests. Score = 1 indicates Positive (retained or
 abnormal) reflex, and 0 indicates Negative (integrated or normal).
 Recorded at four time points (Pre, 1M, 2M, 3M). SRS-2: Social
 Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition. Includes raw and T-scores across
 subdomains: Social Awareness, Social Cognition, Social Communication,
 Social Motivation, and Restricted Interests/Repetitive Behavior. Conners3:
 Behavioral scores from Conners 3rd Edition including: Inattention (IN),
 Hyperactivity (HY), Learning Problems (LP), Executive Functioning (EF),
 Peer Relations (PI), and Aggression (AG). Also includes: Contradiction
 Index ADHD Index Syndromic check counts for: ADHD Inattention ADHD
 Hyperactivity Conduct Disorder Oppositional Defiant Disorder ##
 Code/software n\a ## Human subjects data All data included in this
 submission have been fully de-identified in accordance with ethical
 guidelines for human subjects research. Informed consent was obtained from
 all participants (or their legal guardians) for the collection and public
 sharing of de-identified data in an open-access repository. No personally
 identifiable information (PII) is included in the dataset. Participant
 names, dates of birth, addresses, school names, and any other direct or
 indirect identifiers have been removed or anonymized. Each participant has
 been assigned a numerical ID that is not linked to any external or
 identifying system. This process ensures that individual participants
 cannot be re-identified from the shared dataset. The data comply with
 Dryad's human subjects data policy and relevant institutional ethical
 standards.