DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v41ns1s0h
title: Personality traits and behaviour vary among invasive, native and hatchery-reared fish

description: Bold behaviour of non-native species is hypothesised to facilitate
 invasion success, yet extreme boldness in other wild and domesticated
 animals can be maladaptive. The purpose of this study was to compare
 individual behaviour among Australian native hatchery-reared (n=33) and
 wild (n=38) Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii) with globally invasive
 common carp (Cyprinus carpio; n=30). Three laboratory tests measured
 individual behaviour: 1) emergence from a shelter; 2) exploration of a
 novel environment and 3) approaching a predator. Wild invasive carp and
 hatchery-reared cod were faster and more likely to emerge and explore
 novel environments when compared to wild Murray cod. The ‘bold-type’
 behaviours of hatchery-reared native cod were more like invasive carp than
 they were to ‘shy-type’ wild conspecifics, yet an important difference was
 that hatchery-reared cod spent substantially more time near a large
 predator while carp rapidly escaped.  Our results provide novel
 evidence of bold-type behavioural syndromes in globally invasive carp and
 a hatchery-reared Australian native fish but highlight fundamental
 differences in predator naivety.  The propensity of invasive carp
 to rapidly explore and enter new environments, along with a fast predator
 escape response may have been important to their global invasion success,
 while extreme predator naivety of hatchery-reared Murray cod may increase
 post-release predation rates in fisheries stocking programs.
description: The subjects of this study
 consisted of juvenile hatchery and wild sourced Murray cod
 (<em>Maccullochella peelii</em>) and juvenile wild carp
 (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em>). Experiments were conducted on:
 young of year (YOY) hatchery Murray cod (n=19); one year old (1+) hatchery
 Murray cod (n=14); YOY wild Murray cod (n=17); 1+ wild Murray cod (n=21)
 and YOY wild carp (n=19) and 1+ wild carp (n=11). Fish age was determined
 at the end of experiments by removing and sectioning otoliths using
 traditional methods by experienced readers at Fish Aging Services Pty Ltd.
  The hatchery fish were 2nd generation from wild-caught breeding stock
 from the same southern Murray-Darling basin genetic
 population and sourced
 from Uarah fisheries (Grong Grong, New South Wales). Wild Murray cod were
 collected by boat electrofishing and seining in canals of the Goulburn and
 Murray rivers in Victoria, Australia. Carp were collected from the
 Goulburn and Murrumbidgee river in New South Wales,
 Australia.  We used three common methods to measure
 personality traits of individual fish: latency to emerge from
 shelter; latency to
 explore a novel environment; and willingness to approach a
 predator. Bold
 behaviour was assessed using three assays due to the limitations of using
 a single test. 
 The
 raw data for individual fish times and binomial responses (e.g.
 emerged/did not; explored/did not; approached predator/did not) are
 reported in three separate spreadsheets. Times were only analysed for fish
 that emerged, explored or approached the predator. Variable
 "Origin" was defined as "wild" which were sampled from
 rivers or defined as "Hatchery" and sourced from captive bred
 stock. "Explore" was measured in seconds and was the time
 required for the fish to pass through the wall opening and enter the other
 side of the wall. "Emerge" was the time (seconds) required to
 exit the shelter. 900 seconds was assigned to all fish that did not emerge
 or did not enter the area on the other side of the wall.   Binomial
 response (e.g. did emerge/ did not emerge; did explore/did not explore)
 variables are also presented in dataset. 
description: # Personality traits and behaviour vary among invasive, native and
 hatchery-reared fish
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.v41ns1s0h](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.v41ns1s0h) ## Description of the data and file structure The subjects of this study consisted of juvenile hatchery and wild sourced Murray cod (*Maccullochella peelii*) and juvenile wild carp (*Cyprinus carpio*). Experiments were conducted on: young of year (YOY) hatchery Murray cod (n=19); one year old (1+) hatchery Murray cod (n=14); YOY wild Murray cod (n=17); 1+ wild Murray cod (n=21) and YOY wild carp (n=19) and 1+ wild carp (n=11). Fish age was determined at the end of experiments by removing and sectioning otoliths using traditional methods by experienced readers at Fish Aging Services Pty Ltd.  The hatchery fish were 2nd generation from wild-caught breeding stock from the same southern Murray-Darling basin genetic population and sourced from Uarah fisheries (Grong Grong, New South Wales). Wild Murray cod were collected by boat electrofishing and seining in canals of the Goulburn and Murray rivers in Victoria, Australia. Carp were collected from the Goulburn and Murrumbidgee river in New South Wales, Australia.  We used three common methods to measure personality traits of individual fish: latency to emerge from shelter; latency to explore a novel environment; and willingness to approach a predator. Bold behaviour was assessed using three assays due to the limitations of using a single test.  Variables include: Fish ID (unique number for each fish); Length (mm, Total length); Times entering near side (counts); Duration of time spent in near side (sec.); Number of times entering far side (counts); Duration of time spent in far side (sec); Species Age (age in years); Origin Tank No (holding tank number) The raw data for individual fish times and binomial responses (e.g. emerged/did not; explored/did not; approached predator/did not) are reported in three separate spreadsheets. Times (sec.) were only analysed for fish that emerged, explored or approached the predator.  Variable "Origin" was defined as "wild" which were sampled from rivers or defined as "Hatchery" and sourced from captive bred stock. "Explore" was measured in seconds and was the time required for the fish to pass through the wall opening and enter the other side of the wall. "Emerge" was the time (seconds) required to exit the shelter. 900 seconds was assigned to all fish that did not emerge or did not enter the area on the other side of the wall.   Binomial response (e.g. did emerge/ did not emerge; did explore/did not explore) variables are also presented in dataset.