DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7m0cfxq1m
title: Data for: Thermoregulation enhances survival but not reproduction in a plant-feeding insect

description: Temperature influences nearly all aspects of fitness. However,
 reproduction is often more thermally sensitive than survival.
 Thermoregulation must maintain performance in both components of fitness
 to buffer populations from environmental change. We assessed the
 fitness benefits of thermoregulation in Enchenopa binotata
 treehoppers. Under realistic mesocosm conditions, we quantified fine-scale
 microclimates using 3D-printed operative temperature models. We then
 compared operative temperatures to treehopper body temperatures and
 translated patterns of thermoregulation into variation in survival and
 reproduction. We also assessed two thermoregulatory mechanisms: precise
 microclimate choice and heat escape behaviors. Finally, we applied our
 results to evaluate if arthropod thermoregulation is accurately
 characterized by two theoretical models commonly used to simulate
 responses to environmental change. We found substantial thermal
 variation at fine spatial scales relevant to insects: at a single point in
 time, temperatures within 30cm-tall plants spanned ranges up to 19ºC
 (23-42ºC). Lethal operative temperatures were common when air
 temperatures were high. However, heat escapes allowed treehoppers to
 almost entirely avoid lethal temperatures. By contrast, individuals
 thermo-conformed in the absence of lethal operative temperatures. This
 finding suggests that precise microclimate choice imposes high costs due
 to thermal uncertainty at fine spatial scales. Furthermore, given the
 narrow range of temperatures in which reproduction occurs,
 thermoregulation is unlikely to maintain reproduction. Thermoregulation
 was most effective in the lowest-quality and most spatially variable
 thermal habitats. Treehopper thermoregulation therefore more closely
 follows cost-benefit models of thermoregulation compared to models that
 account for inhibited movement at extreme temperatures. Overall,
 even if thermoregulation can prevent lethal heat stress, thermoregulation
 may have limited capacity to buffer arthropods and other small ectotherms
 from environmental change if it cannot maintain reproductive performance.
description: # Data for: Thermoregulation enhances survival but not reproduction in a
 plant-feeding insect All temperatures are in ºC. ###
 treehopper\_thermoreg\_operative\_validation\_data.csv * Description: Body
 temperatures and microclimate temperatures for validating the accuracy of
 3D-printed operative temperature models. * Rows: 43, excluding the header.
 Each row corresponds to a temperature measurement. * Columns: 4. image ID,
 type, body_temp, habitat_temp: * image ID: Image file ID * type: Condition
 under which body and microclimate temperatures were measured. Shade and
 sun indicate measurements taken in mesocosms covered by shade or exposed
 to direct sunlight. Lab indicates measurements taken under controlled
 laboratory conditions. * body_temp: Temperature of a living treehopper
 (ºC). * habitat_temp: Temperature of a 3D-printed operative temperature
 model (ºC). ### treehopper\_thermoreg\_meso\_field\_data.csv *
 Description: Body temperatures and microclimate temperatures measured in
 the mesocosms and at the field site where treehoppers were collected. *
 Rows: 1902, excluding the header. Each row corresponds to a temperature
 measurement. * Columns: 12. date, exp.type, rep.plant, sample, sample.c,
 type, type.temp, time, time.min, temperature, plant.structure,
 ambient.temp: * date: Date of temperature measurement. * exp.type:
 Two-level factor indicating whether the measurement was taken in the
 mesocosms or in the field. * rep.plant: Replicant mesocosm or field plant.
 * sample: Sample period in which the measurement was taken in numeric
 form. * sample.c: Sample period in which the measurement was taken in
 character form. * type: Two-level factor indicating whether the
 measurement is a body temperature or microclimate (habitat) temperature. *
 type.temp: Three-level factor indicating whether the measurement is a male
 body temperature, a female body temperature, or microclimate (habitat)
 temperature. * time: Time of day that the measurement was taken in 24:00
 format. * time.min: Time of day that the measurement was taken in minutes
 from midnight. * temperature: Temperature measurement (ºC). *
 plant.structure: Three-level factor indicating the plant structure type
 (leaf, petiole, or stem) on which the temperature measurement was taken. *
 ambient.temp: The macroclimate-level ambient temperature at which the
 temperature measurement was taken. ###
 treehopper\_thermoreg\_thermal\_preference\_data.csv * Description: Body
 temperatures selected in the thermal preference experiment. * Rows: 128,
 excluding the header. Each row corresponds to an individual thermal
 preference trial. * Columns: 10. date, time.of.pic, time.min, sex, context
 , rep.plant, placement, tsel, ambient.temp, cloud.cover: * date: Date of
 thermal preference trial. * time.of.pic: Time of thermal preference trial
 in 24:00 format. * time.min: Time of thermal preference trial in minutes
 since midnight. * sex: Two-level factor indicating the sex of the
 individual in the thermal preference trial (M: male; F; female). *
 context: Two-level factor indicating the playback treatment used in the
 trial (R: signal playback; N; white noise). * rep.plant: Two-level factor
 indicating the replicate rearing plant for the individual. * placement:
 Two-level factor indicating the initial placement of the individual in the
 gradient. * tsel: Body temperature selected in the gradient (ºC). *
 ambient.temp: The macroclimate-level ambient temperature during the
 thermal preference trial. * cloud.cover: The proportion of sky covered by
 clouds during the thermal preference trial. ###
 treehopper\_thermoreg\_gradient\_validation\_data.csv * Description:
 Temperatures available in the thermal preference gradient. * Rows: 150,
 excluding the header. Each row corresponds to a temperature on the
 preference dowel. * Columns: 4. day, replicate, position, temperature: *
 day: Two-level factor indicating the day that the gradient temperatures
 were measured. * replicate: Six-level factor indicating the replicate
 measurement. * position: Position along the gradient in centimeters. *
 temperature: Temperature of the dowel (ºC). ###
 leith\_et\_al\_2020\_ethology\_mating\_thermal\_performance\_data.csv *
 Description: Mating rate data across temperatures from Leith et al.
 (2020), Ethology. * Rows: 102, excluding the header. Each row corresponds
 to a species. * Columns: 5. id, temp, cop, year, t.temp: * id: Trial ID. *
 temp: Exact incubator temperature in the mating trial (ºC). * cop: Whether
 copulation occurred in the mating trial (1: yes; 0: no). * year: Year in
 which the trial was performed. * t.temp: The target temperature for the
 mating trial (ºC).