cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0cfxpnvz9
title: Multi-targeted management of upland game birds at the agroecosystem interface in Midwestern North America

description: Despite its imperative, biodiversity conservation is chronically
 underfunded, a deficiency that often forces management agencies to
 prioritize. Single-species recovery thus becomes a focus (often with
 socio-political implications), whereas a more economical approach would be
 the transition to multi-targeted management (=MTM). This challenge is best
 represented in Midwestern North America where biodiversity has been
 impacted by 300+ years of "chronic anthropogenic disturbance"
 such that native tall-grass prairie is now supplanted by an agroecosystem.
 Here, we develop an MTM with a population genetic metric to
 collaboratively manage three Illinois upland gamebirds: common pheasant (
 Phasianus colchicus; pheasant), northern bobwhite quail ( Colinus
 virginianus ; quail), and threatened-endangered (T&E) greater
 prairie chicken ( Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus ; prairie chicken). We first
 genotyped our study pheasant at 19 microsatellite DNA loci and identified
 three captive breeding stocks (N=143; IL Department of Natural Resources)
 as being significantly bottlenecked, with relatedness &gt;1 st -cousin
 (µR=0.158). 'Wild' (non-stocked) pheasant [N=543; 14
 Pheasant-Habitat-Areas (PHAs)] were also bottlenecked, significantly
 interrelated (µR=0.150), yet distinct from propagation stock. PHAs were
 themselves significantly differentiated (µ F ST =0.047), with larger areas
 reflecting greater effective population sizes (µ N E =43; P&lt;0.007).
 We juxtaposed these data against previously published results for prairie
 chicken and quail, and found population genetic structure driven by drift,
 habitat/climate impacts, and gender-biased selection via hunter-harvest.
 Each species (hunter-harvested or T&E) is independently managed,
 yet their composite population genetic baseline provides the quantitative
 criteria needed for an upland game bird MTM. Its implementation would
 require agricultural plots to be rehabilitated/reclaimed using a
 land-sharing/sparing portfolio that differs markedly from the Conservation
 Reserve Program (CRP), where sequestered land decreases as agricultural
 prices escalate. Cost-savings for an MTM would accrue by synchronizing
 single-species management with a dwindling hunter-harvest program, and by
 eliminating propagation/stocking programs. This would sustain not only
 native grasslands and their resident species, but also accelerate
 conservation at the wildlife-agroecosystem interface.
description: &lt;PHE_data_msat_dryad.csv&gt; genotypes for 686 samples
 (sample_id) from 17 populations (pop_id) across 19 microsatellite DNA
 loci &lt;PHE_coordinates.csv&gt; GPS
 coordinates for 14 PHAs (=Pheasant Habitat Areas)
description: missing value = 0
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mkkwh70w8
title: Data from: Trade-off between somatic and germline repair in a vertebrate supports the expensive germ line hypothesis

description: The disposable soma theory is a central tenet of the biology of aging
 where germline immortality comes at the cost of an aging soma [T. B. L.
 Kirkwood, Nature 270, 301–304 (1977); T. B. L. Kirkwood, Proc. R. Soc.
 Lond. B Biol. Sci. 205, 531–546 (1979); T. B. L. Kirkwood, S. N. Austad,
 Nature 408, 233–238 (2000)]. Limited resources and a possible trade-off
 between the repair and maintenance of the germ cells and growth and
 maintenance of the soma may explain the deterioration of the soma over
 time. Here we show that germline removal allows accelerated somatic
 healing under stress. We tested “the expensive germ line” hypothesis by
 generating germline-free zebrafish Danio rerio and testing the effect of
 the presence and absence of the germ line on somatic repair under benign
 and stressful conditions. We exposed male fish to sublethal low-dose
 ionizing radiation, a genotoxic stress affecting the soma and the germ
 line, and tested how fast the soma recovered following partial fin
 ablation. We found that somatic recovery from ablation occurred
 substantially faster in irradiated germline-free fish than in the control
 germline-carrying fish where somatic recovery was stunned. The germ line
 did show signs of postirradiation recovery in germline-carrying fish in
 several traits related to offspring number and fitness. These results
 support the theoretical conjecture that germline maintenance is costly and
 directly trades off with somatic maintenance.
description: All the methods can be found in the main article and the
 supplementary information.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vx0k6djnh
title: Ecology of domestic dogs Canis familiaris as an emerging reservoir of Guinea worm Dracunculus medinensis infection

description: Global eradication of human Guinea worm disease (dracunculiasis)
 has been set back by the emergence of infections in animals, particularly
 domestic dogs Canis familiaris. The ecology and epidemiology of
 this reservoir is unknown. We tracked dogs using GPS, inferred diets using
 stable isotope analysis and analysed correlates of infection in Chad,
 where numbers of Guinea worm infections are greatest. Dogs had small
 ranges that varied markedly among villages. Diets consisted largely of
 human staples and human faeces. A minority of ponds, mostly &lt;200 m
 from dog-owning households, accounted for most dog exposure to potentially
 unsafe water. The risk of a dog having had Guinea worm was reduced in dogs
 living in households providing water for animals but increased with
 increasing fish consumption by dogs. Provision of safe water might reduce
 dog exposure to unsafe water, while prioritisation of proactive temephos
 (Abate®) application to the small number of ponds to which dogs have most
 access is recommended. Fish might have an additional role as transport
 hosts for Guinea worm, by concentrating copepods infected with worm
 larvae.
description: Space use from GPS tracking of dogs. Stable isotope analysis of
 tissue samples from dogs (whiskers) and putative food items. Satellite
 imagery. Records of Guinea worm emergence. Other epidemiological data
 collected in the field in Chad.
description: See ReadMe.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6hdr7sqxb
title: Data from: Ten more years of discovery: revisiting the quality of the sauropodomorph dinosaur fossil record

description: Spatiotemporal changes in fossil specimen completeness can bias our
 understanding of a group’s evolutionary history. The quality of the
 sauropodomorph fossil record was assessed a decade ago, but the number of
 valid species has since increased by 60%, and 17% of the taxa from that
 study have since undergone taxonomic revision. Here, we assess how 10
 years of additional research has changed our outlook on the group’s fossil
 record. We quantified the completeness of all 307 sauropodomorph species
 currently considered valid, using the skeletal completeness metric, which
 calculates the proportion of a complete skeleton preserved for each taxon.
 Taxonomic and stratigraphic age revisions, rather than new species, are
 the drivers of the most significant differences between the current
 results and those of the previous assessment. No statistical differences
 are found when we use our new dataset to generate temporal completeness
 curves based on only the taxa known in 2009 or 1999. We now observe a
 severe drop in mean completeness values across the Jurassic/Cretaceous
 boundary that never recover to pre-Cretaceous levels. Explaining this
 pattern is difficult, as we find no convincing evidence it is related to
 environmental preferences or body size changes. Instead, it might result
 from: (1) reduction of terrestrial fossil preservation space due to sea
 level rise; (2) ecological specificities and relatively high
 diagnosability of Cretaceous species; and/or (3) increased sampling of
 newly explored sites with many previously unknown taxa. Revisiting
 patterns in this manner allows us to test the longevity of conclusions
 made in previous quantitative studies.
description: <em>Completeness dataset</em>:
 Completeness data were primarily gathered from figures and
 descriptive text in the literature, supplemented by additional online
 sources, museum catalogues, first-hand observation of specimens, and via
 personal communications. See
 'Completeness_dataset_methodology_notes.txt' for detailed
 description of data collection methodology.
description: <em>Completeness dataset</em>:
 Specimen information, completeness scores, and spatial and
 temporal occurrence data for sauropodomorph dinosaurs. The whole dataset
 is represented in 'Completeness_Database.xlsx', while its
 constituent datasheets are also separated into '.csv' files
 ('Summary', 'SCM2', 'Specimen_scores',
 'Cont._element_references',
 'Skeletal_body_proportions', and 'Taxon_information').
 See 'Completeness_dataset_methodology_notes.txt' for datasheet
 navigation and workflow details.
 <em>Supplementary material</em>: 
 Supplementary tables 1-6 provided in both '.tif' and
 '.csv' format, whilst supplementary figures 1-9 solely in
 '.tif' format.
DOI: 10.25349/d95p5w
title: Resource-related variables drive individual variation in flowering phenology and mediate population-level flowering responses to climate in an asynchronously reproducing palm

description: Many tropical plant species show wide intra-population variation in
 reproductive timing, resulting in the protracted presence of flowering and
 fruiting individuals. Various eco-evolutionary drivers have been proposed
 as ultimate causes for asynchronous phenology, yet little is known about
 the proximate factors that control reproductive onset among individuals,
 or that influence the proportion of trees producing new inflorescences
 within a population. We employed a nine-year phenological record from 178
 individuals of the hyperdominant, asynchronously flowering canopy palm,
 Oenocarpus bataua (Arecaceae)¸ to assess whether resource-related
 variables influence individual- and population-level flowering phenology.
 Among individuals, access to sunlight increased rates of inflorescence
 production, while the presence of resource sinks related to current
 investment in reproduction –developing infructescences– reduced the
 probability of producing new inflorescences. At the population level,
 climate anomalies induced by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affected
 the proportion of the population producing inflorescences through time.
 Moreover, the effects of ENSO anomalies on flowering patterns depended on
 the prevalence of developing infructescences in the population, with
 stronger effects in periods of low developing-infructescence frequency.
 Taken together, these results suggest that resource-related variables can
 drive phenological differences among individuals and mediate
 population-level responses to larger-scale variables, such as climate
 anomalies. Consequently, a greater focus on the role of resource levels as
 endogenous cues for reproduction might help explain the frequent aseasonal
 phenological patterns observed among tropical plants, particularly those
 showing high intra-population asynchrony.
description: See 'Methods' section in main text.
description: Population-level phenological time series have missing values for
 the months of December 2008, October and November 2012, December 2014, and
 April 2015 (See 'Methods - Population-level Analyses' on the
 main text).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tb2rbnzx7
title: Data from: A multilayer network in an herbaceous tropical community reveals multiple roles of floral visitors

description: Flower visitation does not necessarily mean pollination. In this sense,
 floral visitors can either act as mutualists (pollinators) or antagonists
 (floral robbers/thieves), indicating that these interactions are part of a
 continuum and that a visitor species can present multiple behaviours. We
 included both mutualistic and antagonistic interactions between plants and
 floral visitors in a multilayer network to explore the consequences (at
 the community level) of the dual roles played by flower visitors. The
 multilayer network of interactions was formed by herbaceous plants (12
 species) and insects that visited their flowers (21 species) in an area of
 Atlantic Forest in Brazil from Jul 2015 to May 2016. The two layers
 presented similar structures, with high overlap between them. Similar to
 what was expected, the antagonistic layer was more modular and specialized
 than the mutualistic layer. Some visitor species exhibited highly central,
 dual roles, acting as both antagonists and mutualists. Most behaved
 consistently as mutualists in all their visits, especially bees, which
 formed a predominantly mutualistic group. Butterflies represented a mixed
 group in relation to their visits and flies made more antagonistic visits.
 This research represents an important step towards understanding the role
 of mutualisms and antagonisms in the structure of interaction networks
 between herbaceous plants and floral visitors in tropical environments.
description: We collect floral visitors from herbaceous plants. Weekly visits
 were made from July 2015 to May 2016 to two sites on a ~300 m trail of
 Atlantic Forest border vegetation located in the “Estação Ecológica de
 Caetés” (ESEC) conservation unit.  Plant species were identified using a
 list published for the location, through comparisons with specimens in the
 PEUFR Herbarium (UFRPE) and by consulting specialists. Observations of
 frequency and behaviour of floral visitors were carried out by observing
 groups of individual plant species that presented flowering intensities
 between levels 3 and 4, according to the Fournier scale. For the
 mutualistic species, we included interactions where floral visitors
 contacted both anthers and stigma, indicating potential pollination.
 Hereafter, these legitimate visitors will be referred to as pollinators,
 although we did not evaluate their role in subsequent fruit production of
 visited plant species. For the antagonistic layer, we included all
 interactions where the floral visitor collected resources but did not
 contact floral reproductive structures. Hereafter, such illegitimate
 visitors will be referred to as antagonistic (floral
 robbers/thieves).
DOI: 10.15468/dl.k5z4d5
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 41 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Ammopiptanthus nanus",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 41 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002284-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6djh9w0xn
title: Data from: Impact protection potential of mammalian hair

description: Because facial hair is one of the most sexually dimorphic features of
 humans (Homo sapiens) and is often perceived as an indicator of
 masculinity and social dominance, human facial hair has been suggested to
 play a role in male contest competition. Some authors have proposed that
 the beard may function similar to the long hair of a lion’s mane, serving
 to protect vital areas like the throat and jaw from lethal attacks. This
 is consistent with the observation that the mandible, which is
 superficially covered by the beard, is one of the most commonly fractured
 facial bones in interpersonal violence. We hypothesized that beards
 protect the skin and bones of the face when human males fight by absorbing
 and dispersing the energy of a blunt impact. We tested this hypothesis by
 measuring impact force and energy absorbed by a fiber epoxy composite,
 which served as a bone analog, when it was covered with skin that had
 thick hair (referred to here as “furred”) versus skin with no hair
 (referred to here as “sheared” and “plucked”). We covered the epoxy
 composite with segments of skin dissected from domestic sheep (Ovis
 aries), and used a drop weight impact tester affixed with a load cell to
 collect force versus time data. Tissue samples were prepared in three
 conditions: furred (n = 20), plucked (n = 20), and sheared (n = 20). We
 found that fully furred samples were capable of absorbing more energy than
 plucked and sheared samples. For example, peak force was 16% greater and
 total energy absorbed was 37% greater in the furred compared to the
 plucked samples. These differences were due in part to a longer time frame
 of force delivery in the furred samples. These data support the hypothesis
 that human beards protect vulnerable regions of the facial skeleton from
 damaging strikes.
description: Data collection and analysis is described in the Methods section
 of the paper.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8pk0p2njn
title: Dormancy in laboratory-reared Asian longhorned beetles, Anoplophora glabripennis

description: An insect’s capacity to survive winter is critical for range expansion in
 temperate regions. The Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis)
 is a polyphagous wood-boring insect native to China and the Korean
 peninsula and poses a high risk of invasion in North America and Europe.
 It is unclear whether A. glabripennis enters diapause, which means that
 diapause cannot be included in assessments of the risk of this species
 invading forests in temperate regions. Using a laboratory colony, we
 examine larval developmental arrest, metabolic rates, gas exchange
 patterns, thermal sensitivity, and body composition to characterize larval
 dormancy. Chilled larvae entered a temperature-independent developmental
 arrest which usually required more than four weeks of chilling to break,
 decreased their metabolic rate by as much as 63 %, and maintained energy
 stores throughout the chilling period – results consistent with an
 obligate diapause. We also observed a switch to discontinuous gas exchange
 at low temperatures. Thermal sensitivity of metabolic rate did not differ
 between chilled and non-chilled larvae. Taken together, we conclude that
 A. glabripennis enters a larval diapause during chilling and terminates
 diapause after a requisite chilling period. These results will enhance our
 ability to predict phenology and potential distribution of current and
 future invasions of A. glabripennis. An insect’s capacity to survive
 winter is critical for range expansion in temperate regions. The Asian
 longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) is a polyphagous wood-boring
 insect native to China and the Korean peninsula and poses a high risk of
 invasion in North America and Europe. It is unclear whether A.
 glabripennis enters diapause, which means that diapause cannot be included
 in assessments of the risk of this species invading forests in temperate
 regions. Using a laboratory colony, we examine larval developmental
 arrest, metabolic rates, gas exchange patterns, thermal sensitivity, and
 body composition to characterize larval dormancy. Chilled larvae entered a
 temperature-independent developmental arrest which usually required more
 than four weeks of chilling to break, decreased their metabolic rate by as
 much as 63 %, and maintained energy stores throughout the chilling period
 – results consistent with an obligate diapause. We also observed a switch
 to discontinuous gas exchange at low temperatures. Thermal sensitivity of
 metabolic rate did not differ between chilled and non-chilled larvae.
 Taken together, we conclude that A. glabripennis enters a larval diapause
 during chilling and terminates diapause after a requisite chilling period.
 These results will enhance our ability to predict phenology and potential
 distribution of current and future invasions of A. glabripennis.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q573n5tfm
title: Dry conifer forest restoration benefits Colorado Front Range avian communities

description: Fire suppression has increased stand density and risk of severe,
 stand-replacing wildfire in lower elevation dry conifer forests of western
 North America, threatening ecological function. The U.S. Forest Service’s
 Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program (CFLRP) aims to
 mitigate impacts to ecological function, while mandating effectiveness
 monitoring to verify restoration success. Expected benefits include
 improved conditions for biodiversity, but relatively few empirical studies
 evaluate restoration effects on biodiversity. We applied the Integrated
 Monitoring in Bird Conservation Regions program to survey birds in
 relation to CFLRP treatments along the Colorado Front Range in 2015–2017.
 We employed hierarchical models to analyze species occupancy and richness
 at 292 points nested within 54 1km2 grid cells. Our objectives were to
 investigate 1) species occupancy relationships with treatments at local
 (point) and landscape (grid) spatial scales, 2) potential mechanisms for
 treatment relationships considering species and treatment relationships
 with forest structure and composition (i.e., habitat relationships), and
 3) treatment and habitat relationships with species richness. The data
 supported positive and negative point-level treatment relationships,
 suggesting uneven species distributions between treated and untreated
 points. At the grid scale, however, we only found positive species
 relationships with percent area treated, and accordingly, grid-level
 species richness increased with treatment extent. Potential mechanisms for
 treatment relationships included treatments generating foraging
 opportunities for aerial insectivores by opening the canopy, improving
 conditions for ground-associated species by increasing herbaceous growth,
 and limiting opportunities for shrub-nesting species by reducing shrub
 cover. Landscape-scale patterns suggest CFLRP treatments can benefit avian
 communities by generating habitat for open-forest species without
 necessarily eliminating habitat for closed-forest species. Our results
 provide evidence for a commonly expected but rarely verified pattern of
 increased species richness with forest heterogeneity. We suggest
 restoration treatments will most benefit forest bird diversity by reducing
 canopy cover, encouraging herbaceous ground cover, limiting ladder fuel
 species, and encouraging shrub diversity in canopy openings, while
 maintaining some dense forest stands on the landscape.