DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10557095
title: Markevicius, T., Agnieszka Suliga, Anton Nikiforov, Catarina Pires, Geert van der Snick, Gianluca Pastorelli, Ilaria Bonaduce, Klaas Jan van den Berg, Nan Yang, Nina Olsson, Silvia Pizzimenti (2023). Nascent oxygen innovation in art conservation: Cold atmospheric pressure plasma-generated monoatomic oxygen for non-contact cleaning of works of art. Paper presented at 20th ICOM-CC Triennial Conference, Valencia, Spain.

description: Images for ICOM-CC Valencia 2023 publication: 

Markevicius, T., Agnieszka Suliga, Anton Nikiforov, Catarina Pires, Geert van der Snick, Gianluca Pastorelli, Ilaria Bonaduce, Klaas Jan van den Berg, Nan Yang, Nina Olsson, Silvia Pizzimenti  (2023) Nascent oxygen innovation in art conservation: Cold atmospheric pressure plasma-generated monoatomic oxygen for non-contact cleaning of works of art. Paper presented at 20th ICOM-CC Triennial Conference, Valencia, Spain.

Figure 1. Schematics of the non-contact plasma-generated AO cleaning process of soot on canvas

Figure 2. LEOX facility. (A) LEOX schematics, (B) AO spectra measured by time-of-flight mass spectrometry 

Figure 3. (a) Sample mounting for LEOX testing; AO treatment areas: (A) pristine, (B) contaminated, (C) contaminant removed with AO, (D) pristine AO-treated. (b) Examples of mockups cleaned at LEOX: acrylic paint on canvas / Boho glossy lipstick Desire 312 (contaminant L2) with two dry-cleaning tests. Mockups soiled with candle soot: plaster S11, sandstone S16, titanium white acrylic paint on canvas S19, natural yellow ochre gouache paint on paper S20. Bottom row: untreated control samples.

Figure 4. Reconstruction of the NASA treatment of the Andy Warhol painting on mock-up L2: titanium white acrylic paint on canvas contaminated with Boho glossy Desire 312 lipstick. (a) After lipstick removal; (b) lipstick contaminant; (c) FTIR–ATR spectra of acrylic paint before (blue) and after (green) treatment; (d) FTIR–ATR spectra of lipstick before (blue) and after AO treatment (green), showing the chemical changes in the lipstick composition; (e) two-step lipstick cleaning on sample L2: Groom Stick was ineffective in the untreated area (1) but effective in the AO-treated area (2); (f) 3D microscopy of Maybelline Coral Rise 344 lipstick on cotton duck canvas (sample S27) before AO treatment (F1) and the lipstick residuum after AO treatment (F2)

Figure 5. Soot half-removed from cotton canvas S26 (left), plaster S11, and sandstone S16 as observed under Hirox 3D microscopy. S11 area (a) pristine; (b) soot; (c) soot cleaned with AO; (d) pristine, treated with AO

Figure 6. Plaster S11 sample roughness changes were examined using CLM. (a) pristine; (b) soot contaminant; (c) soot cleaned with AO; (d) pristine, treated with AO

Figure 7. (a) Color measurements: the A vs. C bar (khaki) shows the ΔE*00 between pristine and cleaned points. The dotted lines indicate the area between the upper (ΔE*ab ≈ 2.3) and lower (ΔE*00 ≈ 1.0) limits on a just noticeable difference (JND) range of values. The y-axis is in square root scale to enhance readability. (b) Reflectance spectra of plaster S11 and sandstone S16 (b):[A1] [MOU2] pristine (P), soiled (S), pristine-AO treated (PC), soiled AO-cleaned (SC). (c) Gloss measurements: the yellow bar shows the change between pristine and AO-cleaned areas A vs. C.

Figure 8. Testing with the atmospheric AO prototype. (a) SEM; (b) yellow ochre (Fe2O3-H2O) gouache paint on paper: (A) pristine, (B) soiled with soot, and (C) cleaned. (c) Optical emission spectra show a high peak of excited atomic oxygen O (1D), which is essential for the production of the ground state AO (O3P). (d) AO generator tested on soot-soiled limestone sample.







 [A1]?? Please check.







 [MOU2]Checked, corrected.