DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17053354
title: VendoCharge™ Universal EV Charger — White Paper (2026 Release)

description: VendoCharge™ Universal EV Charger — White Paper (2026 Release)

Prepared for: Mark Anthony Brewer (Brewtanius)

Version: 0.9 (Draft) — September 3, 2025

Executive Summary

VendoCharge™ fuses a universal EV charging brain with a vending‑style connector delivery system. The result is a compact, theater‑worthy charger that speaks every major charging language (SAE J3400/NACS, CCS via ISO 15118, legacy CHAdeMO, regional GB/T now and ChaoJi next) while automatically dispensing the right connector and selecting the right power profile (from 120 V AC trickle to 1000 V DC high‑power). The system marries





a modular hardware cartridge rack (hot‑swappable connector heads),




a multi‑protocol control unit (NACS + ISO 15118 + legacy stacks), and




a dynamic power module (bidirectional, grid‑aware),into a single product that can be deployed at homes, forecourts, fleet depots, towers, and vending‑style parking structures.



Why now: North America is converging on SAE J3400 (NACS), while back‑end software stacks are standardizing around OCPP 2.0.1 and ISO 15118 Plug & Charge. VendoCharge leverages this convergence to deliver a “USB‑C for EVs” experience—universal, elegant, and future‑proof.

1. Market Context





Fragmentation → Convergence. For a decade, North America split between CCS/J1772 (most OEMs) and Tesla’s NACS. In 2024–2025, automakers announced migrations to SAE J3400 (NACS), seeking access to Tesla’s robust network and a smaller, simpler plug.




User Experience Gap. Consumers prize “plug‑and‑go” reliability over raw power. Networks adopting ISO 15118 Plug & Charge and modern backends are closing the experience gap—but hardware uniformity is still catching up.




Opportunity. A truly universal charger that selects the right connector and voltage on demand makes sites denser, faster to use, and cheaper to maintain. Add vending‑style presentation and it becomes a destination.



2. Product Overview — VendoCharge™

Tagline: Universal EV charging, dispensed.

Core idea: A kiosk that vends the correct connector to the car, then speaks the car’s native protocol and delivers the optimal power profile.

2.1 Key Capabilities





Universal Physical Interface





Native SAE J3400 (NACS) tether.




Integrated “Magic‑Dock” adapter for CCS1 (auto‑released when a CCS vehicle authenticates).




Optional auxiliary heads: Type 2/CCS2 (EU), GB/T (CN), CHAdeMO (legacy), and ChaoJi (next‑gen high‑power).






Selectable Voltage & Current





Menu‑based selection (or auto‑negotiated) from 120 V AC to 1000 V DC, up to 600 A with liquid‑cooled cables.




Profiles: Fast DC, Overnight AC, Battery‑friendly, Time‑of‑use optimized, V2H/V2G.






Universal Translator (Protocols)





NACS stack (SAE J3400) and ISO 15118 (PnC) with OCPP 2.0.1 backend.




Legacy CHAdeMO support and regional options via modular software stacks and adapter policies.





2.2 Vending‑Style Experience





Drive in → 2) Select connector/speed → 3) Connector is dispensed by a robotic carriage → 4) Handshake occurs automatically → 5) Power flows dynamically → 6) Payment clears via Plug & Charge or NFC/QR.



3. System Architecture

3.1 Hardware





Connector Cartridge Rack: Hot‑swappable head modules (NACS, CCS1/2, GB/T, CHAdeMO, ChaoJi). RFID‑tagged for inventory and lifecycle tracking.




Robotic Dispense Module: X‑Y gantry (low‑cost) or articulated arm (premium) with vision‑guided alignment to vehicle inlet.




Dock/Adapter Bay: Integrated CCS1 adapter for NACS tether; lockout interlocks and shroud detection.




Power Module: Liquid‑cooled DC power stages; galvanic isolation; solid‑state switching; power‑factor correction; surge and ground‑fault protection.




Thermal System: Closed‑loop coolant for high‑amp cables; thermal cameras for connector/inlet monitoring; derating logic.




Enclosure: Outdoor‑rated (NEMA 3R/IP54 baseline, IP65 option); vandal‑resistant; ADA‑height interface.



3.2 Software





Multi‑Protocol Control Unit (MPCU): Runs NACS and ISO 15118 in parallel, locks onto the first validated handshake; legacy CHAdeMO as needed.




OCPP 2.0.1 station management (remote firmware, meter values, smart charging, security profiles).




Security: TLS, mutual authentication (certificates), signed firmware, hardware root‑of‑trust; IEC 62443 practices.




Payments: Plug & Charge default; NFC (EMV), QR, and app fallback; OCPI for roaming.




Grid Integration: IEEE 2030.5 / SunSpec support for V2G aggregation; demand‑response APIs; carbon‑aware dispatch.



3.3 Parking Fusion (Optional)





Vertical/puzzle parking integration: Each slot has a VendoCharge port; cars can charge while stacked.




Retrieval theater: Vehicles are “dispensed” back to drivers fully charged—blending utility with spectacle.



4. Technical Specifications (Initial SKU)





Power





AC Level 2: 11.5 kW (48 A @ 240 V) standard; 19.2 kW (80 A) option.




DC Fast: 150 kW base; 300–350 kW scalable (cabinet‑stacked); roadmap to 600+ kW via ChaoJi/next‑gen modules.




Voltage Range (DC): 350–1000 V; Current: up to 600 A (liquid‑cooled cable).






Connectors: Native SAE J3400 (NACS) tether; integrated CCS1 adapter; optional CHAdeMO/GB‑T/CCS2/ChaoJi cartridges.




Protocols: ISO 15118 (PnC), OCPP 2.0.1, legacy CHAdeMO.




Enclosure: NEMA 3R/IP54; ‑30 °C to +50 °C; 95% RH non‑condensing; vandal‑resistant doors.




Safety: GFCI, isolation monitoring, surge protection, emergency stop, cable break detection, access interlocks.



5. Compliance & Certification Plan





Standards & Codes





SAE J3400 (NACS) connector & signaling (North America); Type 2/CCS2 (IEC 62196) for EU; GB/T 20234 (China); ChaoJi / CHAdeMO 3.0 in applicable markets.




NEC Article 625 (US) for EVSE installation and continuous‑load sizing.






Safety Certification Targets





UL 2594 (AC EVSE), UL 2202 (DC EVSE), UL 2251 (couplers), UL 2252 (adapters), UL 9741 (EV power export equipment for V2G/V2H).






Cybersecurity & Data





TLS 1.3; certificate pinning; signed telemetry; minimal PII; GDPR/CCPA‑aligned retention.






Accessibility & Wayfinding





ADA reach ranges; haptic/voice prompts; high‑contrast UI; multi‑language support.





6. User Experience





Walk‑Up Simplicity: Choose connector and charging speed (or let Plug & Charge decide). The right head is dispensed automatically.




Transparency: Live kW, cost, time‑to‑target, carbon intensity.




Accessibility: One‑hand plug latch, counterbalanced cable, voice guidance.



7. Deployments & Economics





Form Factors: Single‑bay pedestal; dual‑bay; vertical stack (4–8 bays) for constrained lots; integrated into automated towers.




Uptime by Design: Hot‑swap heads; modular power bricks; remote triage; predictive spares.




Revenue Mix: Energy margin, idle fees, media screen ads, subscriptions (priority queueing), V2G grid services.



8. Roadmap (2026–2028)





2026 H1: Pilot in two cities; NACS native + CCS1 adapter; 150 kW DC SKU; ISO 15118 PnC + OCPP 2.0.1 certified.




2026 H2: 300 kW cabinet; liquid‑cooled 500 A cable; V2H beta (UL 9741); OCPI roaming.




2027: Regional cartridge sets (EU/China); ChaoJi module; vertical tower integration kits.




2028: Fleet optimizer; heavy‑duty option aligned with ChaoJi/Ultra‑ChaoJi and emerging megawatt systems.



9. Risks & Mitigations





Standards drift: Track SAE/ISO/IEC updates; OTA firmware and modular heads.




Adapter liability: Certified adapters (UL 2252); positive‑locking and thermal monitoring.




Cable mass at high current: Liquid‑cooled leads; assisted docking.




Roaming/payment fragmentation: OCPI integration; universal NFC/QR fallback.



10. Glossary





NACS (SAE J3400): North American Charging Standard; compact connector used for AC & DC.




CCS: Combined Charging System; J1772 AC with added DC pins (CCS1 in NA, CCS2 in EU).




ISO 15118: EV‑to‑charger communication standard enabling Plug & Charge.




OCPP: Open Charge Point Protocol for charger‑to‑cloud management.




ChaoJi/CHAdeMO 3.0: Next‑gen high‑power DC standard (up to ~1500 V/600 A) with global harmonization goals.



References (selected)





SAE International — J3400 North American Charging Standard (NACS) (overview and standard page).




U.S. Drive Electric — SAE J3400 Charging Connector update (Aug 2024).




Open Charge Alliance — OCPP 2.0.1 Specifications & Certification.




ISO — ISO 15118: Road vehicles — Vehicle to grid communication interface (Plug & Charge).




UL — EV Charging Infrastructure Services (UL 2202, UL 2594, UL 2251, UL 2252, UL 9741).




NFPA — NEC Article 625: Electric Vehicle Power Transfer System.




CHAdeMO Association — ChaoJi / CHAdeMO 3.0 High‑Power DC (up to 1.5 kV / 600 A).




Plug In America — Charging on Tesla Superchargers with Magic Dock (CCS access).




The Verge — Universal Plug & Charge framework (2025 rollout).




Car and Driver / MotorTrend — Automaker adoption of NACS (2023–2025 timeline).