cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.934qn
title: Data from: Socioecological predictors of immune defenses in wild spotted hyenas

description: Social rank can profoundly affect many aspects of mammalian reproduction
 and stress physiology, but little is known about how immune function is
 affected by rank and other socioecological factors in free-living animals.
 In this study, we examine the effects of sex, social rank and reproductive
 status on immune function in long-lived carnivores that are routinely
 exposed to a plethora of pathogens, yet rarely show signs of disease.
 Here, we show that two types of immune defences, complement-mediated
 bacterial killing capacity (BKC) and total IgM, are positively correlated
 with social rank in wild hyenas, but that a third type, total IgG, does
 not vary with rank. Female spotted hyenas, which are socially dominant to
 males in this species, have higher BKC, and higher IgG and IgM
 concentrations, than do males. Immune defences are lower in lactating than
 pregnant females, suggesting the immune defences may be energetically
 costly. Serum cortisol and testosterone concentrations are not reliable
 predictors of basic immune defences in wild female spotted hyenas. These
 results suggest that immune defences are costly and multiple
 socioecological variables are important determinants of basic immune
 defences among wild hyenas. The effects of these variables should be
 accounted for when attempting to understand disease ecology and immune
 function.
description: Flies_socioecological_hyena_dataThe data is a comma separated values spreadsheet with headers in the first row. Headers ending in ".ec" refer to E. coli assays and headers ending in ".pm" refer to P. mirabilis assays. The columns "d.mic.90.bka", "d.igg", and "d.igm" are the primary response variables used in the analyses for the manuscript.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v48m0
title: Data from: Do neophobia and dietary wariness explain ecological flexibility? An analysis with two seed-eating birds of contrasting habits

description: The neophobia threshold hypothesis (NTH) suggests that the acquisition and
 maintenance of a high behavioral and ecological flexibility in the
 evolutionary and adaptive history of a species is the consequence of lower
 levels of neophobia towards new micro-habitats and of dietary wariness of
 novel foods. To test this idea we assessed the degree of neophobia and
 dietary wariness in two seed-eating bird species with contrasting degrees
 of ecological flexibility that inhabit the central Monte desert
 (Argentina): a grass-seed specialist, the many-colored chaco-finch, and a
 generalist feeder, the rufous-collared sparrow. We expected that both
 species would exhibit neophobia and wariness when faced with new foraging
 opportunities but that the rufous-collared sparrow would be less neophobic
 and less wary than the specialized many-colored chaco-finch. Experimental
 indicators of neophobia and dietary wariness included willingness to eat
 near novel objects and willingness to eat novel seeds, respectively. Both
 species showed similar levels of reluctance to novelty, although the
 sparrow could be slightly more reluctant than the finch. Contrary to our
 predictions, the sparrow was neither less hesitant nor faster or greedier
 than the finch. This experimental evidence does not support a negative
 relationship between neophobia/wariness and ecological flexibility in
 these two seed-eating birds and it coincides with the growing evidence
 that challenges the NTH. Some of our results provide support for the
 dangerous niche hypothesis, especially as the rufous-collared sparrow,
 that feeds on more diverse and potentially dangerous food, showed higher
 levels of neophobia in some cases. Although the idea of neophobia and
 wariness being plausible causes of ecological specialization sounds
 attractive, the current situation calls for further research so that the
 causes of ecological flexibility in granivorous birds can be better
 understood.
description: Neophobia and dietary
 warinessThe excel file includes
 experimental data used to estimate object neophobia, dietary wariness and
 consumption, each one in a different tab.NEOPHOBIADATA.xlsx
DOI: 10.15468/dl.nure49
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 128 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Archeria racemosa",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 128 records from 7 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001208-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h37n2
title: Data from: Endemic infection reduces transmission potential of an epidemic parasite during co-infection

description: Endemic, low-virulence parasitic infections are common in nature. Such
 infections may deplete host resources, which in turn could affect the
 reproduction of other parasites during co-infection. We aimed to determine
 whether the reproduction, and therefore transmission potential, of an
 epidemic parasite was limited by energy costs imposed on the host by an
 endemic infection. Total lipids, triacylglycerols (TAG) and polar lipids
 were measured in cockroaches (Blattella germanica) that were fed ad
 libitum, starved or infected with an endemic parasite, Gregarina
 blattarum. Reproductive output of an epidemic parasite, Steinernema
 carpocapsae, was then assessed by counting the number of infective stages
 emerging from these three host groups. We found both starvation and
 gregarine infection reduced cockroach lipids, mainly through depletion of
 TAG. Further, both starvation and G. blattarum infection resulted in
 reduced emergence of nematode transmission stages. This is, to our
 knowledge, the first study to demonstrate directly that host resource
 depletion caused by endemic infection could affect epidemic disease
 transmission. In view of the ubiquity of endemic infections in nature,
 future studies of epidemic transmission should take greater account of
 endemic co-infections.
description: The effect of starvation
 on total host lipid levelsS3a.csvThe effect of infection on total host lipid levelsS3b.csvThe effect of host starvation on nematode emergenceS3c.csvThe effect of infection on nematode emergenceS3d.csvThe effect of infection on TAG and PLS3e.csvThe effect of infection on TAG and PL profilesS3f.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3jd1g
title: Data from: Ungulate predation and ecological roles of wolves and coyotes in eastern North America

description: Understanding the ecological roles of species that influence ecosystem
 processes is a central goal of ecology and conservation biology. Eastern
 coyotes (Canis latrans) have ascended to the role of apex predator across
 much of eastern North America since the extirpation of wolves (Canis spp.)
 and there has been considerable confusion regarding their ability to prey
 on ungulates and their ecological niche relative to wolves. Eastern wolves
 (C. lycaon) are thought to have been the historical top predator in
 eastern deciduous forests and have previously been characterized as deer
 specialists that are inefficient predators of moose because of their
 smaller size relative to gray wolves (C. lupus). We investigated intrinsic
 and extrinsic influences on per capita kill rates of white-tailed deer
 (Odocoileus virginianus) and moose (Alces alces) during winter by
 sympatric packs of eastern coyotes, eastern wolves, and admixed canids in
 Ontario, Canada to clarify the predatory ability and ecological roles of
 the different canid top predators of eastern North America. Eastern coyote
 ancestry within packs negatively influenced per capita total ungulate
 (deer and moose combined) and moose kill rates. Furthermore, canids in
 packs dominated by eastern coyote ancestry consumed significantly less
 ungulate biomass and more anthropogenic food than packs dominated by wolf
 ancestry. Similar to gray wolves in previous studies, eastern wolves
 preyed on deer where they were available. However, in areas were deer were
 scarce, eastern wolves killed moose at rates similar to those previously
 documented for gray wolves at comparable moose densities across North
 America. Eastern coyotes are effective deer predators, but their dietary
 flexibility and low kill rates on moose suggest they have not replaced the
 ecological role of wolves in eastern North America.
description: Bensonetal.DataUngulate predation data collected from packs of canids in Ontario, Canada. Data include estimates of kill rates and biomass consumed and all covariates used in our analyses including genetic ancestry, pack size, snow depth, and prey availability. Also included are home range, territory sizes, days monitored, and study area.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8404
title: Data from: Food makes you a target: disentangling genetic, physiological, and behavioral effects determining susceptibility to infection

description: Genetics, physiology and behavior are all expected to influence the
 susceptibility of hosts to parasites. Furthermore, interactions between
 genetic and other factors are suggested to contribute to the maintenance
 of genetic polymorphism in resistance when the relative susceptibility of
 host genotypes is context dependent. We used a maternal sibship design and
 long- and short-term food deprivation treatments to test the role of
 family-level genetic variation, body condition, physiological state and
 foraging behavior on the susceptibility of Lymnaea stagnalis snails to
 infection by a trematode parasite that uses chemical cues to locate its
 hosts. In experimental exposures, we found that snails in the long-term
 food deprivation treatment contracted fewer parasites than snails that
 were continuously well-fed, possibly because well-fed snails grew larger
 and attracted more transmission stages. When we kept the long-term feeding
 rates the same, but manipulated the physiological state and foraging
 behavior of the snails with short-term food deprivation treatment, we
 found that snails that were fed before the exposure contracted more
 parasites than snails that were fed during the exposure. This suggests
 that direct physiological effects of food processing, but not foraging
 behavior, predisposed snails to infection. Feeding treatments also
 affected the family-level variation in snail susceptibility, suggesting
 that the relative susceptibility of host genotypes was context dependent.
description: exp1exp2
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.26tq2
title: Data from: Toucans (Ramphastos ambiguus) facilitate resilience against seed dispersal limitation to a large-seeded tree (Virola surinamensis) in a human-modified landscape

description: Large-seeded plants may suffer seed dispersal limitation in human-modified
 landscapes if seed dispersers are absent or unable to disperse their
 seeds. We investigated dispersal limitation for the large-seeded tree
 Virola surinamensis in a human-modified landscape in southern Costa Rica.
 During two fruiting seasons, we monitored crop size, seed removal rates,
 the number of fruiting conspecifics within 100 m, and feeding visitation
 rates by frugivores at trees located in high and low forest disturbance
 conditions. Seed removal rates and the total number of seeds removed were
 high regardless of the disturbance level, but these parameters increased
 with tree crop size and decreased with the number of fruiting V.
 surinamensis trees within a 100 m radius. Trees at low disturbance levels
 were more likely to be visited by seed dispersers. Black mandibled toucans
 (Ramphastos ambiguus) and spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) were the most
 important seed dispersers, based on visitation patterns and seed removal
 rates. Spider monkey feeding visits were more frequent at high disturbance
 levels, but the monkeys preferentially visited isolated trees with large
 yields and surrounded by a low number of fruiting Virola trees within 100
 m. Toucan visitation patterns were not constrained by any of the
 predictors and they visited trees equally across the landscape. We suggest
 that isolated and highly fecund Virola trees are an important food
 resource for spider monkeys in human-modified landscapes and that toucans
 can provide resilience against seed dispersal limitations for large-seeded
 plants in human-modified landscapes in the absence of hunting.
description: seed_removalVirola surinamensis seed removal rates based on seed traps in a human-modified landscape in the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica (2011-2012)frugivores_visitation_patternsSeed dispersers visitation patterns observed across focal trees located in a human-modified landscape in the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica (2011-2012)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dq04j
title: Data from: Function and flexibility of object exploration in kea and New Caledonian crows

description: A range of nonhuman animals frequently manipulate and explore objects in
 their environment, which may enable them to learn about physical
 properties and potentially form more abstract concepts of properties such
 as weight and rigidity. Whether animals can apply the information learned
 during their exploration to solve novel problems, however, and whether
 they actually change their exploratory behaviour to seek functional
 information about objects have not been fully explored. We allowed kea
 (Nestor notabilis) and New Caledonian crows (Corvus moneduloides) to
 explore sets of novel objects both before and after encountering a task in
 which some of the objects could function as tools. Following this,
 subjects were given test trials in which they could choose among the
 objects they had explored to solve a tool-use task. Several individuals
 from both species performed above chance on these test trials, and only
 did so after exploring the objects, compared to a control experiment with
 no prior exploration phase. These results suggest that selection of
 functional tools may be guided by information acquired during exploration.
 Neither kea nor crows changed the duration or quality of their exploration
 after learning that the objects had a functional relevance, suggesting
 that birds do not adjust their behaviour to explicitly seek this
 information.
description: Data from: Function and
 flexibility of object exploration in kea and New Caledonian
 crowsData on object
 exploration and choices during test trials, coded in the Observer XT and
 then extracted for analysis in SPSS. All excel tabs are labeled with the
 Experiment and GLMM number (e.g., Exp1GLMM2), and include a legend
 describing each of the variables featured in the
 analysis.Kea Crow Exploration
 Data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2ck2j87
title: Data from: Testing the adaptive hypothesis of Batesian mimicry among hybridizing North American admiral butterflies

description: Batesian mimicry is characterized by phenotypic convergence between an
 unpalatable model and a palatable mimic. However, because convergent
 evolution may arise via alternative evolutionary mechanisms, putative
 examples of Batesian mimicry must be rigorously tested. Here we used
 artificial butterfly facsimiles (N=4000) to test the prediction that 1)
 palatable Limenitis lorquini butterflies should experience reduced
 predation when in sympatry with their putative model, Adelpha californica,
 2) protection from predation on L. lorquini should erode outside of the
 geographical range of the model, and 3) mimetic color pattern traits are
 more variable in allopatry, consistent with relaxed selection for mimicry.
 We find support for these predictions, implying that this convergence is
 the result of selection for Batesian mimicry. Additionally, we conducted
 mark-recapture studies to examine the effect of mimicry and found that
 mimics survive significantly longer at sites where the model is abundant.
 Finally, in contrast to theoretical predictions, we found evidence that
 the Batesian model (A. californica) is protected from predation outside of
 its geographic range. We discuss these results considering the ongoing
 hybridization between L. lorquini and its sister species, L. weidemeyerii,
 and growing evidence that selection for mimicry predictably leads to a
 reduction in gene flow between nascent species.
description: California_attacks_all_dryadAll Model Attack information from California 2016 model experimentidaho_attacks_norodent_dryadAll Model Attack information from Idaho 2016 model experiment, this dataset (used for the paper) has the ambiguous "rodent-like" attacks mentioned in the paper removed.idaho_attacks_withrodent_dryadAll Model Attack information from Idaho 2016 model experiment. This data set includes the "rodent like" attacks that were removed for the final analysis used in this manuscript.Lodi_lorquini_mrrThis is the mark-recapture data from Lodi Lake (L. lorquini captures)CampOhlone_lorquini_mrrThis is the mark-recapture data from Camp Ohlone (L. lorquini captures)
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18378809
title: Dataset TDP living lab

description: The TDP (Titicaca-Desaguadero-Poopo) study area dataset, encompasses hydrological, climatic, and water management data for the transboundary basins in the Bolivian-Peruvian Altiplano. Key components include:

Hydrometeorological Data: monthly streamflow and river levels (1965–2019) from 27 in-situ gauges (e.g., SENAMHI Peru/Bolivia); precipitation and temperature grids (interpolated by catchments). Annual precipitation averages 595 mm/year, with wet season (DJFM) peaks up to 153 mm/month in Titicaca and dry season (MJJA) lows around 11 mm/month.

Hydrological Data: Streamflow rates (e.g., Titicaca inflows ~262 m³/s average, Desaguadero outflows ~29–73 m³/s); lake metrics (Titicaca: 8,372 km², 896 km³; Poopo: ~1,000 km², <3 m depth, with evaporation-driven trends).

Land Use and Water Use: Current coverage includes 10.2% agriculture (10,430 km², crops like quinoa, potato; 7.1% irrigated), 37.7% pastures, 25.2% forests/shrublands. Historical changes (1992–2015) show +9.6% agricultural expansion, -10.8% shrublands. Water abstractions total ~28 m³/s (mostly agriculture, e.g., 13.64 m³/s in Titicaca), with trends linked to climate variability and irrigation.

Data access often requires requests to agencies (e.g., SENAMHIs, ANA Peru, Ministry of Environment in Bolivia).
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18378810
title: Dataset TDP living lab

description: The TDP (Titicaca-Desaguadero-Poopo) study area dataset, encompasses hydrological, climatic, and water management data for the transboundary basins in the Bolivian-Peruvian Altiplano. Key components include:

Hydrometeorological Data: monthly streamflow and river levels (1965–2019) from 27 in-situ gauges (e.g., SENAMHI Peru/Bolivia); precipitation and temperature grids (interpolated by catchments). Annual precipitation averages 595 mm/year, with wet season (DJFM) peaks up to 153 mm/month in Titicaca and dry season (MJJA) lows around 11 mm/month.

Hydrological Data: Streamflow rates (e.g., Titicaca inflows ~262 m³/s average, Desaguadero outflows ~29–73 m³/s); lake metrics (Titicaca: 8,372 km², 896 km³; Poopo: ~1,000 km², <3 m depth, with evaporation-driven trends).

Land Use and Water Use: Current coverage includes 10.2% agriculture (10,430 km², crops like quinoa, potato; 7.1% irrigated), 37.7% pastures, 25.2% forests/shrublands. Historical changes (1992–2015) show +9.6% agricultural expansion, -10.8% shrublands. Water abstractions total ~28 m³/s (mostly agriculture, e.g., 13.64 m³/s in Titicaca), with trends linked to climate variability and irrigation.

Data access often requires requests to agencies (e.g., SENAMHIs, ANA Peru, Ministry of Environment in Bolivia).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0cn8b
title: Data from: Trophic niche ontogeny and palaeoecology of early Toarcian Stenopterygius (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria)

description: Reconstructing ecological niche shifts during ontogeny in extinct animals
 with no living analogues is difficult without exceptional fossil
 collections. Here we demonstrate how a previously identified ontogenetic
 shift in the size and shape of the dentition in the early Toarcian
 ichthyosaur Stenopterygius quadriscissus accurately predicts a particular
 dietary shift. The smallest S. quadriscissus fed on small, burst-swimming
 fishes, with a steady shift towards faster moving fish and cephalopods
 with increasing body size. Larger adult specimens appear to have been
 completely reliant on cephalopods, with fish completely absent from gut
 contents shortly after onset of sexual maturity. This is consistent with a
 previously proposed ontogenetic niche shift based on tooth shape and body
 size, corroborating the idea that dental ontogeny may be a useful
 predictor of dietary shifts in marine reptiles. Applying the theoretical
 framework used here to other extinct species will improve the resolution
 of palaeoecological reconstructions, where appropriate sample sizes exist.
description: Supplementary
 InformationAll specimen numbers,
 recorded gut contents, mandible lengths, stratigraphic information, and
 tooth measurements used in this study. Please see the attached references
 document for relevant bibliographic citations.SupplementaryInformation_references.docx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p51q8
title: Data from: Florivory and floral larceny by fly larvae decrease nectar availability and hummingbird foraging visits at Heliconia (Heliconiaceae) flowers

description: Insect larvae inhabit the corolla tubes of some Heliconia species
 (Heliconiaceae). In this study, we present the first evidence of the
 influence of these larvae on the pollination ecology of Heliconia plants.
 We provide experimental evidence that the flowers of Heliconia
 spathocircinata infested by flies have less nectar for pollinators and
 received fewer visits by hummingbird pollinators, in comparison with
 uninfested flowers.
description: Nectar availability in
 flowers of Heliconia spathocircinataAvailability of nectar
 in flowers uninfested with dipteran larvae and those infested, with two
 samples of nectar taken per flower from 70 flowers (at 8 a.m. and 11 a.m.,
 n = 140) of unbagged and bagged inflorescences. In the bagged
 inflorescences, floral visitors were excluded to prevent the extraction of
 nectar.Missagia_Alves_Nectar
 availability in H.
 spathocircinata.xlsxFloral visits by
 hummingbirds in Heliconia spathocircinataHummingbirds floral
 visits in Heliconia spathocircinata. Number of visits to flowers
 uninfested with dipteran larvae and those infested per two-hour period of
 monitoring (6 a.m. to 4 p.m.).Missagia_Alves_hummingbirds
 floral visits in H.
 spathocircinata.xlsx