cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.39f10
title: Data from: Plant community composition but not plant traits determine the outcome of soil legacy effects on plants and insects

description: 1.Plants leave species-specific legacies in the soil they grow in that can
 represent changes in abiotic or biotic soil properties. It has been shown
 that such legacies can affect future plants that grow in the same soil
 (plant-soil feedback, PSF). Such processes have been studied in detail,
 but mostly on individual plants. Here we study PSF effects at the
 community level and use a trait-based approach both in the conditioning
 phase and in the feedback phase to study how twelve individual soil
 legacies influence six plant communities that differ in root size. 2.We
 tested if (I) grassland perennial species with large root systems would
 leave a stronger legacy than those with small root systems, (II) grass
 species would leave a more positive soil legacy than forbs and (III)
 communities with large root systems would be more responsive than
 small-rooted communities. We also tested (IV) whether a leaf chewing
 herbivore and a phloem feeder were affected by soil legacy effects in a
 community framework. 3.Our study shows that the six different plant
 communities that we used respond differently to soil legacies of twelve
 different plant species and their functional groups. Species with large
 root systems did not leave stronger legacies than species with small root
 systems, nor were communities with large root systems more responsive than
 communities with root systems. 4.Moreover, we show that when communities
 are affected by soil legacies, these effects carry over to the chewing
 herbivore Mamestra brassicae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) through induced
 behavioral changes resulting in better performance of a chewing herbivore
 on forb-conditioned soils than on grass-conditioned soils, whereas
 performance of the phloem feeder Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
 remained unaffected. 5.Synthesis: The results of this study shed light on
 the variability of soil effects found in previous work on feedbacks in
 communities. Our study suggests that the composition of plant communities
 determines to a large part the response to soil legacies. Furthermore, the
 responses to soil legacies of herbivores feeding on the plant communities
 that we observed, suggests that in natural ecosystems, the vegetation
 history may also have an influence on contemporary herbivore assemblages.
 This opens up exciting new areas in plant-insect research and can have
 important implications for insect pest management.
description: Heinen et al 2017
 Journal of Ecology RAW Data Dryad Repository 02112017Data file was entered in
 Microsoft Excel. Different tabs contain datasheets. (Data plant and insect
 variables per community; Plant and consumption variables per individual
 within communities; Environmental variables for multivariate analyses;
 Species variables for biomass for multivariate analyses; Species variables
 for consumption for multivariate analyses; PCA scores fungal diversity;
 PCA scores bacterial diversity.Heinen et al RAW Data Dryad
 Repository 02112017.xlsx
DOI: 10.15468/dl.j4whvr
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 5 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Specimen)",
 "Geometry POLYGON((105 20,170 20,170 70,105 70,105 20))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Carex atrata japonoalpina"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 5 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000781-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kv322
title: Data from: The stable isotope ecology of mycalesine butterflies: implications for plant-insect co-evolution

description: One of the most dramatic examples of biome shifts in the geological record
 is the rapid replacement of C3 vegetation by C4 grasses in (sub-) tropical
 regions during the Late Miocene–Pliocene. Climate-driven biome shifts of
 this magnitude are expected to have a major impact on diversification and
 ecological speciation, especially in grazing taxa. Mycalesine butterflies
 are excellent candidates to explore the evolutionary impact of these C3/C4
 shifts on insect grazer communities. Mycalesine butterflies feed on
 grasses as larvae, have radiated spectacularly and occur in almost all
 extant habitats across the Old World tropics. However, at present, we lack
 a comprehensive understanding of the larval ecology of these butterflies
 and this hampers investigations of co-evolutionary patterns among the
 geographically parallel radiations of mycalesine butterflies and the
 remarkable evolutionary history of their host plants. By conducting
 several experiments under defined environmental conditions, we demonstrate
 that the feeding history of mycalesine larvae on C3 and C4 grasses can be
 traced by analysing δ13C in the organic material of the adult exoskeleton,
 while values of δ18O in the adult reflect atmospheric humidity during
 larval development. To show the power of these isotopic proxies for
 ecological studies, we analysed the isotopic composition of organic
 material obtained from adult butterflies sampled in two extensive
 longitudinal surveys. We observed strong associations among the larval
 ecology, habitat preferences of the adult butterflies and patterns of
 seasonality, such that mycalesine species that inhabit open environments
 are more opportunistic in their host plant choice but utilize C3 grasses
 more frequently during the dry season. Crucially, the ability to process
 the less palatable C4 grasses appears to be phylogenetically clustered
 within mycalesine species, suggesting that novel feeding adaptations may
 have evolved in response to the ecological dominance of C4 grasses in open
 savanna habitats.
description: Experiment
 AExperiment
 BExperiment
 CExperiment
 DGentingZomba
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1dd0m
title: Data from: Wide prevalence of hybridization in two sympatric grasshopper species may be shaped by their relative abundances

description: Background: Hybridization between species is of conservation concern as it
 might threaten the genetic integrity of species. Anthropogenic factors can
 alter hybridization dynamics by introducing new potentially hybridizing
 species or by diminishing barriers to hybridization. This may even affect
 sympatric species pairs through environmental change, which so far has
 received little attention. We studied hybridization prevalence and the
 underlying behavioral mechanisms in two sympatric grasshopper species, a
 rare specialist (Chorthippus montanus) and a common generalist
 (Chorthippus parallelus). We conducted a mate choice experiment with
 constant intraspecific density and varying heterospecific density, i.e.
 varying relative frequency of both species. Results: Mate choice was
 frequency-dependent in both species with a higher risk of cross-mating
 with increasing heterospecific frequency, while conspecific mating
 increased linearly with increasing conspecific density. This illustrates
 that reproductive barriers could be altered by environmental change, if
 the relative frequency of species pairs is affected. Moreover, we
 performed a microsatellite analysis to detect hybridization in twelve
 syntopic populations (and four allotopic populations). Hybrids were
 detected in nearly all syntopic populations with hybridization rates
 reaching up to 8.9%. Genetic diversity increased for both species when
 hybrids were included in the data set, but only in the common species a
 positive correlation between hybridization rate and genetic diversity was
 detected. Conclusion: Our study illustrates that the relative frequency of
 the two species strongly determines the effectiveness of reproductive
 barriers and that even the more choosy species (Ch. montanus) may face a
 higher risk of hybridization if population size decreases and its relative
 frequency becomes low compared to its sister species. The asymmetric mate
 preferences of both species may lead to quasi-unidirectional gene flow
 caused by unidirectional backcrossing. This might explain why genetic
 diversity increased only in the common species, but not in the rare one.
 Altogether, the hybridization rate was much higher than expected for a
 widely sympatric species pair.
description: Microsatellite data of
 Ch. montanus and Ch. parallelusIn 2009 and 2010, 1159
 specimens were sampled from 16 localities in the Hunsrueck Mountains,
 Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. All individuals were genotyped at ten
 polymorphic microsatellite loci. Six microsatellite markers were designed
 for Ch. parallelus (BF1, BD5, BH5, BD7, BF9, CD6; Molecular Ecology
 Resources Primer Development Consortium et al. 2009), four were developed
 for Ch. montanus prior to this study (Additional file
 1).microsatellite_Hunsrueck_Rohde.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9rk5f69
title: Data from: The role of indirect genetic effects in the evolution of interacting reproductive behaviors in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides

description: Social interactions can give rise to indirect genetic effects (IGEs),
 which occur when genes expressed in one individual affect the phenotype of
 another individual. The evolutionary dynamics of traits can be altered
 when there are IGEs. Sex often involves indirect effects arising from
 first order (current) or second order (prior) social interactions, yet
 IGEs are infrequently quantified for reproductive behaviors. Here, we use
 experimental populations of burying beetles that have experienced
 bidirectional selection on mating rate to test for social plasticity and
 IGEs associated with focal males mating with a female either without
 (first order effect) or with (second order effect) prior exposure to a
 competitor, and resource defense behavior (first order effect). Additive
 IGEs were detected for mating rate arising from (first order) interactions
 with females. For resource defense behavior, a standard variance
 partitioning analysis provided no evidence of additive genetic variance –
 either direct or indirect. However, behavior was predicted by focal size
 relative to that of the competitor, and size is also heritable. Assuming
 that behavior is causally dependent on relative size, this implies that
 both DGEs and IGEs do occur (and may potentially interact). The relative
 contribution of IGEs may differ among social behaviors related to mating
 which has consequences for the evolutionary trajectories of multivariate
 traits.
description: CarterWilsonMooreRoyle_IGEs_Beetles_Ecology&Evolution_DataDatasetCarterWilsonMooreRoyle_IGEs_Beetles_Ecology&Evolution_PedigreePedigree to accompany dataset showing focal animal IDs and IDs of focal animal sires and dams.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.51b94
title: Data from: Divergent landscape effects on population connectivity in two co-occurring amphibian species

description: The physical and environmental attributes of landscapes often shape
 patterns of population connectivity by influencing dispersal and gene
 flow. Landscape effects on movement are typically evaluated for single
 species. However, inferences from multiple species are required for
 multi-species management strategies increasingly being applied in
 conservation. In this study, I compared the spatial genetic patterns of
 two amphibian species across the northeastern U.S. and estimated the
 influence of specific landscape features on observed genetic patterns. The
 spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) and wood frog (Rana sylvatica)
 share many ecological attributes related to habitat use, phenology and
 site fidelity. However, I hypothesized that important differences in their
 movement patterns and life history would create distinct genetic patterns
 for each species. Using 14 microsatellite loci, I tested for differences
 in the level of genetic differentiation between the two species across 22
 breeding ponds. The effects of eight landscape features were also
 estimated by evaluating 32 landscape resistance models. Spotted
 salamanders exhibited significantly higher genetic differentiation than
 wood frogs. Different landscape features were also identified as potential
 drivers of the genetic patterns in each species, with little overlap in
 model support between species. Collectively, these results provide strong
 evidence that these two amphibian species interact with the landscape in
 measurably different ways. The distinct genetic patterns observed are
 consistent with key differences in movement ability and life history
 between A. maculatum and R. sylvatica. These results highlight the
 importance of considering more than one species when assessing the impacts
 of the landscape matrix on population connectivity, even for ecologically
 similar species within the same habitats.
description: Richardson
 2012_MolEcol_AMMA genotype fileGenepop formatted
 genotype file for the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) dataset.
 File consists of a title line followed by the 14 microsatellite loci names
 and then full genotypes for each individual within each population (coded
 corresponding to Supplementary Table 1 from the
 manuscript).Richardson
 2012_MolEcol_RASY genotype fileGenepop formatted
 genotype file for the wood frog (Rana sylvatica) dataset. File consists of
 a title line followed by the 15 microsatellite loci names and then full
 genotypes for each individual within each population (coded corresponding
 to Supplementary Table 1 from the manuscript).
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31152220
title: <b>COMPLETE DATASET: </b><i>The Effects of Freezing Temperature on Bloodstain Impact Angles</i>

description: This study's aim was to determine whether or not variability of bloodstain impact angles was codependent on temperature fluctuation. This involved a direct comparison of both ambient room temperature, and freezing temperature datasets, utilizing a novel deposition method whereby 0.05ml of human blood was dropped onto paper in accordance with predetermined impact angles (15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°) under three temperature conditions (22.2 °C, 0 °C, and ‑6.1 °C). Impact angles were estimated using the length‑to‑width ratios of stains and Balthazard’s formula via the 2‑D ellipse tool in Cloud Compare’s ELipser app. A one‑way ANOVA showed remarkable differences among temperature groups at all angles (15°: p = 0.049; 30°: p = 0.049; 45°: p = 0.013; 60°: p &lt; 0.001; 75°: p = 0.029). One‑sample t‑tests indicate that calculated angles generally underestimate true angles, with colder temperatures improving accuracy for steeper angles (≥45°) and warmer conditions performing better at shallower angles (15°–30°). <br>This study explored the efficacy of bloodstain pattern analysis within the scope of below zero-degree Celsius conditions, and discovered variable accuracy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.31152220.v1
title: <b>COMPLETE DATASET: </b><i>The Effects of Freezing Temperature on Bloodstain Impact Angles</i>

description: This study's aim was to determine whether or not variability of bloodstain impact angles was codependent on temperature fluctuation. This involved a direct comparison of both ambient room temperature, and freezing temperature datasets, utilizing a novel deposition method whereby 0.05ml of human blood was dropped onto paper in accordance with predetermined impact angles (15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°) under three temperature conditions (22.2 °C, 0 °C, and ‑6.1 °C). Impact angles were estimated using the length‑to‑width ratios of stains and Balthazard’s formula via the 2‑D ellipse tool in Cloud Compare’s ELipser app. A one‑way ANOVA showed remarkable differences among temperature groups at all angles (15°: p = 0.049; 30°: p = 0.049; 45°: p = 0.013; 60°: p &lt; 0.001; 75°: p = 0.029). One‑sample t‑tests indicate that calculated angles generally underestimate true angles, with colder temperatures improving accuracy for steeper angles (≥45°) and warmer conditions performing better at shallower angles (15°–30°). <br>This study explored the efficacy of bloodstain pattern analysis within the scope of below zero-degree Celsius conditions, and discovered variable accuracy.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.np4pm
title: Data from: The persistence of multiple strains of avian influenza in live bird markets

description: Multiple subtypes of avian influenza (AI) and novel reassortants are
 frequently isolated from live bird markets (LBMs). However, our
 understanding of the drivers of persistence of multiple AI subtypes is
 limited. We propose a stochastic model of AI transmission within an LBM
 that incorporates market size, turnover rate and the balance of direct
 versus environmental transmissibility. We investigate the relationship
 between these factors and the critical community size (CCS) for the
 persistence of single and multiple AI strains within an LBM. We fit
 different models of seeding from farms to two-strain surveillance data
 collected from Shantou, China. For a single strain and plausible estimates
 for continuous turnover rates and transmissibility, the CCS was
 approximately 11 800 birds, only a 4.2% increase in this estimate was
 needed to ensure persistence of the co-infecting strains (two strains in a
 single host). Precise values of CCS estimates were sensitive to changes in
 market turnover rate and duration of the latent period. Assuming a gradual
 daily sell rate of birds the estimated CCS was higher than when an
 instantaneous selling rate was assumed. We were able to reproduce
 prevalence dynamics similar to observations from a single market in China
 with infection seeded every 5–15 days, and a maximum non-seeding duration
 of 80 days. Our findings suggest that persistence of co-infections is more
 likely to be owing to sequential infection of single strains rather than
 ongoing transmission of both strains concurrently. In any given system for
 a fixed set of ecological and epidemiological conditions, there is an LBM
 size below which the risk of sustained co-circulation is low and which may
 suggest a clear policy opportunity to reduce the frequency of influenza
 co-infection in poultry.
description: Time series prevalence
 datadata.csvCode to estimate CCS for a single strainsingle_strain_CCS_estimate.RCode to estimate CCS for the co-infected straincoinfected_strain_CCS_estimate.RCode to source function and store output from seeding models2_Strain_runfunction.RCode to specify the different seeding models for 2 strain analysis2_strain_seedingmodel_code.RCode to drawn latin hypercube samplesCode to draw latin hypercube samples for the 4 parameters included in the sensitivity analysis.LHS_sens_code
DOI: 10.15468/dl.zvs6e3
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 558 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Specimen)",
 "Geometry POLYGON((105 20,170 20,170 70,105 70,105 20))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Carex myosuroides"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 558 records from 22 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000782-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t89g2
title: Data from: Individual heterogeneity determines sex differences in mortality in a monogamous bird with reversed sexual dimorphism

description: Sex differences in mortality are pervasive in vertebrates, and usually
 result in shorter life spans in the larger sex, although the underlying
 mechanisms are still unclear. On the other hand, differences in frailty
 among individuals (i.e. individual heterogeneity), can play a major role
 in shaping demographic trajectories in wild populations. The link between
 these two processes has seldom been explored. We used Bayesian survival
 trajectory analysis to study age-specific mortality trajectories in the
 Eurasian sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus), a monogamous raptor with reversed
 sexual size dimorphism. We tested the effect of individual heterogeneity
 on age-specific mortality, and the extent by which this heterogeneity was
 determined by average reproductive output and wing length as measures of
 an individual's frailty. We found that sex differences in
 age-specific mortality were primarily driven by the differences in
 individual heterogeneity between the two sexes. Females were more
 heterogeneous than males in their level of frailty. Thus, a larger number
 of females with low frailty are able to survive to older ages than males,
 with life expectancy for the least frail adult females reaching up to 4·23
 years, while for the least frail adult males it was of 2·68 years. We
 found that 50% of this heterogeneity was determined by average
 reproductive output and wing length in both sexes. For both, individuals
 with high average reproductive output had also higher chances to survive.
 However, the effect of wing length was different between the two sexes.
 While larger females had higher survival, larger males had lower chances
 to survive. Our results contribute a novel perspective to the ongoing
 debate about the mechanisms that drive sex differences in vital rates in
 vertebrates. Although we found that variables that relate to the cost of
 reproduction and sexual dimorphism are at least partially involved in
 determining these sex differences, it is through their effect on the level
 of frailty that they affect age patterns of mortality. Therefore, our
 results raise the possibility that observed differences in age-specific
 demographic rates may in fact be driven by differences in individual
 heterogeneity.
description: SparrowhawkDatDryadThis is a 28 years (1971-1999) capture-mark-recapture dataset gathered by the British ornithologist Ian Newton from two populations of the Eurasian sparrowhawk in the United Kingdom (Lakhani & Newton, 1983; Newton & Rothery, 1997; Newton, Rothery, & Wyllie, 2008). Until recently, these data were freely available as part of the Long-term Individual based Time Series (LITS) project (Jones, Clutton-Brock, Coulson, & Godfray, 2008). For a description of the dataset please see ReadMe file.