cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19904081
title: Factors associated with medical students’ quality of life in a Brazilian northeast countryside university

description: Abstract: Introduction: The current policy of interiorization of medical education worldwide and the application of active methods, as well as the lack of consensus regarding the factors associated with medical students’ quality of life are topics of discussion in the medical literature. Objective: In view of the scarcity of analyses on the subject, this study aimed to evaluate the topictopic at a medical school in a Brazilian northeast countryside university. Method: Cross-sectional study, developed from March to May of 2018. The questionnaire WHOQOL-bref was used to evaluate the quality of life and the data were related to: sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric data and lifestyle. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics; then, a bivariate analysis was performed with a test for comparison of mean scores aimed to identify possible variables associated with the investigated domains. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify possible factors associated with poor quality of life in the investigated domains. The statistical analysis estimated 95% CI and p-value &lt;0.05. Results: The present study characterized the students’ quality of life and identified the following factors as being associated with poor quality of life: female gender, attending preclinical years, being a smoker, having normal weight classified according to the body mass index, having a negative assessment of their own health and quality of life. The results also showed that most students had a negative evaluation regarding the physical, psychological and environmental domains; in contrast to the social relationships domain, in which most reported a positive assessment. Conclusion: The findings allow discussions about measures aimed at dealing with factors that affect the quality of life of medical students attending medical schools located in remote and rural regions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19904081.v1
title: Factors associated with medical students’ quality of life in a Brazilian northeast countryside university

description: Abstract: Introduction: The current policy of interiorization of medical education worldwide and the application of active methods, as well as the lack of consensus regarding the factors associated with medical students’ quality of life are topics of discussion in the medical literature. Objective: In view of the scarcity of analyses on the subject, this study aimed to evaluate the topictopic at a medical school in a Brazilian northeast countryside university. Method: Cross-sectional study, developed from March to May of 2018. The questionnaire WHOQOL-bref was used to evaluate the quality of life and the data were related to: sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric data and lifestyle. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics; then, a bivariate analysis was performed with a test for comparison of mean scores aimed to identify possible variables associated with the investigated domains. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify possible factors associated with poor quality of life in the investigated domains. The statistical analysis estimated 95% CI and p-value &lt;0.05. Results: The present study characterized the students’ quality of life and identified the following factors as being associated with poor quality of life: female gender, attending preclinical years, being a smoker, having normal weight classified according to the body mass index, having a negative assessment of their own health and quality of life. The results also showed that most students had a negative evaluation regarding the physical, psychological and environmental domains; in contrast to the social relationships domain, in which most reported a positive assessment. Conclusion: The findings allow discussions about measures aimed at dealing with factors that affect the quality of life of medical students attending medical schools located in remote and rural regions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19904084
title: Correlation between tutor domains of competency and student performance: a cross-sectional study

description: Abstract: Introduction: Problem-Based Learning involves the tutor acting as a facilitator, where social and cognitive congruence, as well as knowledge of the content are considered essential factors for the exercise. Objective: To verify tutors’ domains of competency and their correlation to student performance. Method: Cross-sectional study conducted between February 2016 and 2017, with tutors and medical students from the Pernambuco School of Health. Correspondence analysis based on Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to ascertain the correlation between the tutor domains of competency profile and the overall performance. Results: The study included 34 tutors and 533 students, three domains of competency were identified within the frequencies: cognitive congruence in 88.7%, social congruence in 93.6% and content knowledge in 98.9%. No correlation was found between the domains of competency and performance. Conclusion: This finding is thought to be due to the lack of control of confounding variables.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19904084.v1
title: Correlation between tutor domains of competency and student performance: a cross-sectional study

description: Abstract: Introduction: Problem-Based Learning involves the tutor acting as a facilitator, where social and cognitive congruence, as well as knowledge of the content are considered essential factors for the exercise. Objective: To verify tutors’ domains of competency and their correlation to student performance. Method: Cross-sectional study conducted between February 2016 and 2017, with tutors and medical students from the Pernambuco School of Health. Correspondence analysis based on Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to ascertain the correlation between the tutor domains of competency profile and the overall performance. Results: The study included 34 tutors and 533 students, three domains of competency were identified within the frequencies: cognitive congruence in 88.7%, social congruence in 93.6% and content knowledge in 98.9%. No correlation was found between the domains of competency and performance. Conclusion: This finding is thought to be due to the lack of control of confounding variables.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19904086
title: The invasive tropical tanner grass decreases diversity of the native aquatic macrophyte community at two scales in a subtropical tidal river

description: ABSTRACT The tropical tanner grass, Urochloa arrecta, is one of the worst aquatic plant invaders in Brazilian freshwater ecosystems. This study aimed to compare beds of macrophytes dominated and without U. arrecta in the Guaraguaçu River, a subtropical tidal river in South Brazil, to analyze effects that this invasive grass has on the biodiversity of native macrophytes at two spatial scales. We compared macrophyte beds dominated by tanner grass to macrophyte beds without, considering species richness, composition, and beta diversity at two scales of variation: among-beds and within-beds. We expected that beds dominated by tanner grass would have lower biodiversity, thus promoting macrophyte biotic homogenization. Our results confirmed our hypotheses, highlighting the lower species richness in beds dominated by tanner grass. Species composition differed among beds. In general, nestedness among beds dominated by U. arrecta was more related to variation in species composition. Beds dominated by tanner grass had lower turnover and higher nestedness within beds. This study indicates a prominent sign of biotic homogenization promoted by U. arrecta, and highlights the degree of biotic homogenization among and within beds.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19904086.v1
title: The invasive tropical tanner grass decreases diversity of the native aquatic macrophyte community at two scales in a subtropical tidal river

description: ABSTRACT The tropical tanner grass, Urochloa arrecta, is one of the worst aquatic plant invaders in Brazilian freshwater ecosystems. This study aimed to compare beds of macrophytes dominated and without U. arrecta in the Guaraguaçu River, a subtropical tidal river in South Brazil, to analyze effects that this invasive grass has on the biodiversity of native macrophytes at two spatial scales. We compared macrophyte beds dominated by tanner grass to macrophyte beds without, considering species richness, composition, and beta diversity at two scales of variation: among-beds and within-beds. We expected that beds dominated by tanner grass would have lower biodiversity, thus promoting macrophyte biotic homogenization. Our results confirmed our hypotheses, highlighting the lower species richness in beds dominated by tanner grass. Species composition differed among beds. In general, nestedness among beds dominated by U. arrecta was more related to variation in species composition. Beds dominated by tanner grass had lower turnover and higher nestedness within beds. This study indicates a prominent sign of biotic homogenization promoted by U. arrecta, and highlights the degree of biotic homogenization among and within beds.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19904092
title: Reproductive phenology of aquatic macrophytes in the Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone

description: ABSTRACT Studies of plant phenology have been performed predominantly with terrestrial species and rarely so with aquatic communities. Such plants are fundamental for the aquatic ecosystems, representing a valuable source of resources when they are scarce in terrestrial environments for the fauna. Studies of phenology help to understand the reproduction rhythms of plant communities and provide fundamental support to management and conservation. This study aimed to describe the reproductive phenology of 15 species of aquatic plants and determine how it is related to climatic factors and physicochemical variables of water. Plants were collected every 15 days throughout a single year, from two ponds in the Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone, Central-West Brazil. Species were observed in flower and fruit throughout the year with varying phenophases among life forms (amphibious, emergent, rooted, floating and rooted submerged). Photoperiod stood out among climatic variables for flowering and fruiting times. Phenophases were explained by climatic factors, as well as by physicochemical variables of the water. Nitrogen and pH were the variables most related to the highest number of phenophases of different life forms. Such information is relevant to understanding how physicochemical alterations to water by pollution, eutrophication and siltation, among others, can change the phenology of aquatic macrophytes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19904092.v1
title: Reproductive phenology of aquatic macrophytes in the Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone

description: ABSTRACT Studies of plant phenology have been performed predominantly with terrestrial species and rarely so with aquatic communities. Such plants are fundamental for the aquatic ecosystems, representing a valuable source of resources when they are scarce in terrestrial environments for the fauna. Studies of phenology help to understand the reproduction rhythms of plant communities and provide fundamental support to management and conservation. This study aimed to describe the reproductive phenology of 15 species of aquatic plants and determine how it is related to climatic factors and physicochemical variables of water. Plants were collected every 15 days throughout a single year, from two ponds in the Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone, Central-West Brazil. Species were observed in flower and fruit throughout the year with varying phenophases among life forms (amphibious, emergent, rooted, floating and rooted submerged). Photoperiod stood out among climatic variables for flowering and fruiting times. Phenophases were explained by climatic factors, as well as by physicochemical variables of the water. Nitrogen and pH were the variables most related to the highest number of phenophases of different life forms. Such information is relevant to understanding how physicochemical alterations to water by pollution, eutrophication and siltation, among others, can change the phenology of aquatic macrophytes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19904096.v1
title: Response of mangrove plant species to a saline gradient: Implications for ecological restoration

description: ABSTRACT Mangroves are salt tolerant plants that occur in tropical and sub-tropical sheltered coasts. Saltwater intrusions into terrestrial landscapes often occur due to either anthropogenic reasons or natural calamities such as tsunamis. We investigated the potential of using mangrove species for rehabilitation of high saline environments by revealing the capacities of species to remove salt from sediment. We established the salt retention capacity of common mangrove species in Sri Lanka i.e., Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Ceriops tagal, and Avicennia marina through ex-situ and in-situ measurements of NaCl content in plant tissue and soil samples, by titrating with 0.01 N AgNO3. The results revealed A. marina to be the most efficient in retaining salt within plant tissues while C. tagal is superior to R. mucronata but inferior to A. marina in performing this function. These findings were further confirmed by measuring salt uptake rates of hydroponically grown seedlings of the same species. Although R. mucronata is the most popular species used for restoration, A. marina appears the most suitable mangrove species not only for coastal mangrove restoration but also for rehabilitating salinity affected landscapes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19904096
title: Response of mangrove plant species to a saline gradient: Implications for ecological restoration

description: ABSTRACT Mangroves are salt tolerant plants that occur in tropical and sub-tropical sheltered coasts. Saltwater intrusions into terrestrial landscapes often occur due to either anthropogenic reasons or natural calamities such as tsunamis. We investigated the potential of using mangrove species for rehabilitation of high saline environments by revealing the capacities of species to remove salt from sediment. We established the salt retention capacity of common mangrove species in Sri Lanka i.e., Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Ceriops tagal, and Avicennia marina through ex-situ and in-situ measurements of NaCl content in plant tissue and soil samples, by titrating with 0.01 N AgNO3. The results revealed A. marina to be the most efficient in retaining salt within plant tissues while C. tagal is superior to R. mucronata but inferior to A. marina in performing this function. These findings were further confirmed by measuring salt uptake rates of hydroponically grown seedlings of the same species. Although R. mucronata is the most popular species used for restoration, A. marina appears the most suitable mangrove species not only for coastal mangrove restoration but also for rehabilitating salinity affected landscapes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19904099
title: Different scales determine the occurrence of aquatic macrophyte species in a tropical stream

description: ABSTRACT Distributions of aquatic macrophyte species are commonly associated with water chemistry characteristics. However, other environmental factors that can lead to the occurrence of aquatic plants in lotic ecosystems, such as dynamic habitats linked to the surrounding landscape, have been underestimated. This study aims to evaluate landscape features that may influence the occurrence of species of euhydrophyte aquatic macrophytes in a tropical river basin. We assessed the occurrence of the following seven species: Egeria densa, Cabomba furcata, Potamogeton pusillus, Potamogeton polygonus, Utricularia foliosa, Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia molesta. We also measured environmental variables related to three spatial scales, local (limnological), channel and riparian landscape, along 25.5 Km of the Itanhaém River basin (São Paulo, Brazil). We found that local (limnological) and channel characteristics were important variables in determining the occurrence of aquatic macrophyte species while the landscape scale had little influence on species composition. Channel depth and margin slope were especially relevant abiotic variables in explaining the occurrence of four of the species but not P. pusillus, P. polygonus and U. foliosa. Our results highlight the importance of channel morphology for understanding aquatic plant occurrence and community composition in tropical rivers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19904099.v1
title: Different scales determine the occurrence of aquatic macrophyte species in a tropical stream

description: ABSTRACT Distributions of aquatic macrophyte species are commonly associated with water chemistry characteristics. However, other environmental factors that can lead to the occurrence of aquatic plants in lotic ecosystems, such as dynamic habitats linked to the surrounding landscape, have been underestimated. This study aims to evaluate landscape features that may influence the occurrence of species of euhydrophyte aquatic macrophytes in a tropical river basin. We assessed the occurrence of the following seven species: Egeria densa, Cabomba furcata, Potamogeton pusillus, Potamogeton polygonus, Utricularia foliosa, Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia molesta. We also measured environmental variables related to three spatial scales, local (limnological), channel and riparian landscape, along 25.5 Km of the Itanhaém River basin (São Paulo, Brazil). We found that local (limnological) and channel characteristics were important variables in determining the occurrence of aquatic macrophyte species while the landscape scale had little influence on species composition. Channel depth and margin slope were especially relevant abiotic variables in explaining the occurrence of four of the species but not P. pusillus, P. polygonus and U. foliosa. Our results highlight the importance of channel morphology for understanding aquatic plant occurrence and community composition in tropical rivers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19904102
title: Limnological layers improve species distribution modeling of aquatic macrophytes at fine-spatial resolution

description: ABSTRACT Species distribution modeling (SDM) studies of aquatic macrophytes are still attached to methodological paradigms focused on terrestrial plants, such as the use of bioclimatic layers. Our goal was to evaluate the applicability of this paradigm based on a SDM study of Egeria densa, Pontederia crassipes, and Salvinia auriculata in the São Francisco river, Brazil. We compared performances of optimizations of computed models using AUC and TSS with distribution records of these species and bioclimatic layers, or limnological layers generated from the interpolation of data obtained in the field. We calculated models using six algorithms. The models calculated using layers of limnological variables had higher performances than did those calculated using layers of bioclimatic variables, except when the Maximum Entropy Default algorithm was used. We attribute these results to the specificities of the data obtained to develop the limnological layers, such as observations obtained in different habitats of the river and during different hydrologic periods. We conclude that the use of bioclimatic layers, a methodological paradigm traditionally used for SDM of aquatic macrophytes, can be questionable for some situations, such as in investigations at local and regional scales.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19904102.v1
title: Limnological layers improve species distribution modeling of aquatic macrophytes at fine-spatial resolution

description: ABSTRACT Species distribution modeling (SDM) studies of aquatic macrophytes are still attached to methodological paradigms focused on terrestrial plants, such as the use of bioclimatic layers. Our goal was to evaluate the applicability of this paradigm based on a SDM study of Egeria densa, Pontederia crassipes, and Salvinia auriculata in the São Francisco river, Brazil. We compared performances of optimizations of computed models using AUC and TSS with distribution records of these species and bioclimatic layers, or limnological layers generated from the interpolation of data obtained in the field. We calculated models using six algorithms. The models calculated using layers of limnological variables had higher performances than did those calculated using layers of bioclimatic variables, except when the Maximum Entropy Default algorithm was used. We attribute these results to the specificities of the data obtained to develop the limnological layers, such as observations obtained in different habitats of the river and during different hydrologic periods. We conclude that the use of bioclimatic layers, a methodological paradigm traditionally used for SDM of aquatic macrophytes, can be questionable for some situations, such as in investigations at local and regional scales.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19904107
title: Applicability of computer vision in seed identification: deep learning, random forest, and support vector machine classification algorithms

description: ABSTRACT The use of computer image analysis can assist the extraction of morphological information from seeds, potentially serving as a resource for solving taxonomic problems that require extensive training by specialists whose primary method of examination is visual identification. We propose to test the ability of deep learning, SVM and random forest algorithms to classify seeds from twelve species of aquatic plants as an alternative to traditional classification methods. A total of 150 seeds of the species were collected. The attributes of colour, shape, and texture were analysed through the machine learning algorithms of deep learning, random forest, and support vector machine (SVM). Computer vision proved to be efficient at classifying species using all three algorithms, with an accuracy rate for SVM of 97.91 %, random forest 97.08 % and deep learning 92.5 %. We believe that the method performed well in our experiment and improved seed classification accuracy. As a result, the algorithms SVM and random forest were found to be enough at aquatic plant seed recognition.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19904107.v1
title: Applicability of computer vision in seed identification: deep learning, random forest, and support vector machine classification algorithms

description: ABSTRACT The use of computer image analysis can assist the extraction of morphological information from seeds, potentially serving as a resource for solving taxonomic problems that require extensive training by specialists whose primary method of examination is visual identification. We propose to test the ability of deep learning, SVM and random forest algorithms to classify seeds from twelve species of aquatic plants as an alternative to traditional classification methods. A total of 150 seeds of the species were collected. The attributes of colour, shape, and texture were analysed through the machine learning algorithms of deep learning, random forest, and support vector machine (SVM). Computer vision proved to be efficient at classifying species using all three algorithms, with an accuracy rate for SVM of 97.91 %, random forest 97.08 % and deep learning 92.5 %. We believe that the method performed well in our experiment and improved seed classification accuracy. As a result, the algorithms SVM and random forest were found to be enough at aquatic plant seed recognition.