DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ht76hdrqd
title: Data from: A new ultrafast movement enables escape at low temperature

description: Escape is a life critical defensive behaviour. One potential escape
 strategy is using ultrafast movements to relocate quickly. These movements
 do not rely solely on muscle activation and are beneficial for ectotherms
 at low temperatures when muscle performance is constrained. However, the
 functional significance of ultrafast motions is often assumed. Here, we
 show with high-speed videos that Astraeus jewel beetles (Buprestidae)
 rapidly open their elytra to flick themselves into the air and the
 movement is of comparable speed to other known ultrafast movements. Our
 calculations indicate that it is likely a power-amplified mechanism.
 Behavioural trials and thermal imaging demonstrate that Astraeus beetles
 can flick at &gt; 15°C lower body temperatures than walking or flying,
 suggesting that the behaviour could provide a significant survival
 advantage at low ambient temperatures. Taken together, we reveal a novel
 ultrafast movement and show its potential functional value in escape.
description: # Data from: A new ultrafast movement enables escape at low temperature
 This dataset is for reproducing the results in the paper titled “A new
 ultrafast movement enables escape at low temperature" The dataset
 belongs to Lu-Yi Wang1*, Devi Stuart-Fox1, Ko-Huan Lee2,3, Jay Black4,
 Amanda M. Franklin1 1 School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne,
 Melbourne, VIC, Australia 2 School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie
 University, Sydney, NSW, Australia 3Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth
 Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Canberra, ACT,
 Australia 4School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, The
 University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia ## \*Corresponding
 author: Lu-Yi Wang ([luyiwangtw@gmail.com](mailto:luyiwangtw@gmail.com),
 [luyi.wang@unimelb.edu.au](mailto:luyi.wang@unimelb.edu.au)) This dataset
 includes 5 different components as listed below 1. tracking data (folder,
 in .zip format) 2. flick heights.csv 3. fast movement comparison.csv 4.
 beetle size.csv 5. temperature data.csv 6. Kinematics_analysis.Rmd 7.
 Temperature_analysis.Rmd # tracking data (folder) The folder contains the
 raw data extracted from high-speed videos, categorised in 12 sub-folders
 based on the 1. species: A_pygmaeus/A_dilutipes. 2. recording angle:
 Recorded from topview/later view. 3. start position: The position of the
 beetle in the beginning of the trial, either right-side up (sit) or
 up-side down (lie) 4. elytra order: Which elytron was tracked in the
 video. Either the one that open first (first) or the one that opened later
 (second). Each csv file is named after the video name from which the data
 is extracted. Each csv contains 2 data columns. * time: The duration
 between the initial opening of the elytron until the end of the first
 downstroke oscillation. * displacement: the angular displacement of the
 elytron (Unit: radian). In total there are 191 csv data files in
 "tracking data" folder * A_dilutipes_lateral_lie: 15 csv files.
 * A_dilutipes_lateral_sit: 14 csv files. * A_dilutipes_topview_lie_first:
 18 csv files. * A_dilutipes_topview_lie_second: 18 csv files. *
 A_dilutipes_topview_sit_first: 15 csv files. *
 A_dilutipes_topview_sit_second: 15 csv files. * A_pygmaeus_lateral_lie: 15
 csv files. * A_pygmaeus_lateral_sit: 15 csv files. *
 A_pygmaeus_topview_lie_first: 17 csv files. *
 A_pygmaeus_topview_lie_second: 17 csv files. *
 A_pygmaeus_topview_sit_first: 16 csv files. *
 A_pygmaeus_topview_sit_second: 16 csv files. # flick heights.csv This
 dataset has the data of how high Astraeus beetle flick up. In this
 dataset, it contains 4 data columns. * video_ID: The ID of the high-speed
 video we used to extract the data from. * species: Species of the beetle
 in the trail. Either A_pygmaeus (for Astraeus pygmaeus) or A_dilutipes
 (for Astraeus dilutpes). * position: The starting position of the beetle
 in the beginning of the trail. Either up-side down (lie) or right-side up
 (sit). * yaxis_height_m: The peak height the beetle reaches during the
 flick. Measured the vertical distance from the substrate to beetle's
 body center (Unit: meter). # fast movement comparison.csv This dataset has
 the data of kinematic and morphological data of other ultrafast movements
 in biological systems from literature. In this dataset, it contains 9 data
 columns. * action_type: The type of action, including Nematocyst
 discharge, Ballistospore ejection, Pollen ejection, Mandible strike, Jump,
 Suction trap, Snap buckling, Appendage strike, projection, Peg slide, Jump
 * organism: The organism that perform the action, including Hydra, Fungi,
 Bunchberry dogwood stamen, Trap-jaw ant, Plant louse, Aquatic
 bladderworts, Froghopper, Venus flytrap, Mantis shrimp, Frog, Chameleon,
 Locust, Termite, Click beetle. * group: The biological group the organism
 belongs to, including Cnidarian, Fungi, Plant, Arthropods, Vertebrates. *
 length_m: The length of the character that involved in the action (Unit:
 meter). * mass_kg: The mass of the character that involved in the action
 (Unit: kilogram). * duration_s: The duration of the action (Unit: second).
 * distance_m: The distance the character that involved in the action
 travels during the action (Unit: meter). * velocity: The peak velocity of
 the character during the action (Unit: meter/second). * acceleration: The
 peak acceleration of the character during the action (Unit:
 meter/second^2). Note: The empty cells in this data file mean not
 available. # beetle size.csv This dataset has the data of beetle size. In
 this dataset, it contains 7 data columns. * ID: ID of the beetle measured.
 * body_weight_g: Whole beetle weight. (Unit: gram) * body_length_mm: Whole
 beetle length from head to the posterior tip of the abdomen (Unit:
 millimeter). * body_width_mm: Whole beetle width from the widest part of
 the abdomen (Unit: millimeter). * prothorax_height_mm: The height of the
 prothorax of the beetle (Unit: millimeter). * elytra_length_mm: The length
 of beetle's elytra (Unit: millimeter). * elytra_weight_g: The weight
 of beetle's one elytron (Unit: gram). Note: The empty cells in this
 data files mean not available. # temperature data.csv The data from the
 temperature experiment. In this dataset, it contains 9 data columns. *
 beetle_ID: ID of the beetle in each trial. * start_temp: The body
 temperature of the beetle in the beginning of the trial. (Unit: degree
 Celsius) * flick_temp: The body temperature of the beetle when the it
 flicks. (Unit: degree Celsius) * walk_temp: The body temperature of the
 beetle when the it walks. (Unit: degree Celsius) * fly_temp: The body
 temperature of the beetle when the it flys. (Unit: degree Celsius) *Note:
 Each trial will only have one behavioural temperature, i.e. flick/ealk/fly
 temp. Hence, for the other temperature, the entry remains blank for the
 other two behavioural temp. * species: Species of the beetle in the trail.
 Either A_pygmaeus (for Astraeus pygmaeus) or A_dilutipes (for Astraeus
 dilutpes). * condition: Either the beetle does the behaviour voluntarily
 (natural) or triggered (triggered). * position: The starting position of
 the beetle in the beginning of the trail. Either up-side down (lie) or
 right-side up (sit). * trial_ID: The ID of each trial. Note: The empty
 cells in this data files mean not applicable. # Kinematics\_analysis.Rmd
 The Rmarkdown file for the kinematic analyses and plotting in the
 manuscript. # Temperature\_analysis.Rmd The Rmarkdown file for the
 temperature analyses and plotting in the manuscript.