cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025872
title: Morphological characterization and diversity of tadpoles (Amphibia: Anura) at Emas National Park and its surrounding, Goiás State, Brazil

description: Abstract: Tadpoles are abundant in the environments in which they occur and remain in aquatic habitats for longer periods than adults, being relatively easier to collect. Despite the increase in tadpole research in the past decade, our understanding of its morphological diversity remains limited. Here, we provide morphological characterizations for larvae of 15 anuran species that occur at Emas National Park (ENP) and its surroundings, in Goiás, and compare them with descriptions available in the literature for other locations. We also present an update of the list of anuran species known to the ENP, based on tadpole sampling. We found tadpoles from 15 anuran species, of which five represent new records for the park. Many species showed variations in morphological characters when compared with descriptions available in the literature for other locations, reinforcing the importance of describing larvae from different populations. Through the exploration of morphological characters, it is possible to make inferences about the functional diversity of the larvae and questions related to the homology of characters, in addition to assisting in the identification and taxonomic distinction of species. Studies with tadpole communities can generate key information about the factors that drive the anurans' richness and distribution and can provide support for establishing more consistent conservation strategies and management plans.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025872.v1
title: Morphological characterization and diversity of tadpoles (Amphibia: Anura) at Emas National Park and its surrounding, Goiás State, Brazil

description: Abstract: Tadpoles are abundant in the environments in which they occur and remain in aquatic habitats for longer periods than adults, being relatively easier to collect. Despite the increase in tadpole research in the past decade, our understanding of its morphological diversity remains limited. Here, we provide morphological characterizations for larvae of 15 anuran species that occur at Emas National Park (ENP) and its surroundings, in Goiás, and compare them with descriptions available in the literature for other locations. We also present an update of the list of anuran species known to the ENP, based on tadpole sampling. We found tadpoles from 15 anuran species, of which five represent new records for the park. Many species showed variations in morphological characters when compared with descriptions available in the literature for other locations, reinforcing the importance of describing larvae from different populations. Through the exploration of morphological characters, it is possible to make inferences about the functional diversity of the larvae and questions related to the homology of characters, in addition to assisting in the identification and taxonomic distinction of species. Studies with tadpole communities can generate key information about the factors that drive the anurans' richness and distribution and can provide support for establishing more consistent conservation strategies and management plans.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025874
title: Use of road underpasses by terrestrial tetrapods inside a protected area in the southeastern part of the State of São Paulo, Brazil

description: Abstract: Roads, despite playing a key role in economy, begin or aggravate processes of forest fragmentation and lead to several species losing their natural habitats, acting as filters and barriers that impose challenges to animal locomotion. Wildlife crossings seek to reestablish the connectivity of the landscape. In general, after being installed, these passages need to be evaluated regarding their functioning. In this study, we present the results of monitoring the underpasses on Serra da Macaca Park Road (SP-139), which crosses Carlos Botelho State Park. The underpasses, constituted by bridges and culverts, were constructed after a license obtained to restore this section of the road. Camera traps were installed inside all crossing structures, and systematic samples were obtained through four field expeditions, with sampling efforts of 10 days each, between March 2018 and February 2019. The footprints found around the intersection structures were also considered. A two-sided Student’s t-test was applied to verify differences in richness between the underpasses that have distinct types of margins. Differences in abundance were analyzed through the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. A Whittaker diagram was generated according to the order of the species, from the most common to the rarest, while their diversity was estimated through Simpson’s Diversity Index (1 - D). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to study the interaction between diversity and altitude variation. We observed a richness of 16 species of terrestrial tetrapods, without any statistically significant differences between underpasses with dry or flooded margins. Cuniculus paca was the most abundant species, and higher altitudes presented the most diversity. We concluded that the underpasses located inside Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) of watercourses are essential to maintain the flow of animals beneath the road.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025874.v1
title: Use of road underpasses by terrestrial tetrapods inside a protected area in the southeastern part of the State of São Paulo, Brazil

description: Abstract: Roads, despite playing a key role in economy, begin or aggravate processes of forest fragmentation and lead to several species losing their natural habitats, acting as filters and barriers that impose challenges to animal locomotion. Wildlife crossings seek to reestablish the connectivity of the landscape. In general, after being installed, these passages need to be evaluated regarding their functioning. In this study, we present the results of monitoring the underpasses on Serra da Macaca Park Road (SP-139), which crosses Carlos Botelho State Park. The underpasses, constituted by bridges and culverts, were constructed after a license obtained to restore this section of the road. Camera traps were installed inside all crossing structures, and systematic samples were obtained through four field expeditions, with sampling efforts of 10 days each, between March 2018 and February 2019. The footprints found around the intersection structures were also considered. A two-sided Student’s t-test was applied to verify differences in richness between the underpasses that have distinct types of margins. Differences in abundance were analyzed through the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. A Whittaker diagram was generated according to the order of the species, from the most common to the rarest, while their diversity was estimated through Simpson’s Diversity Index (1 - D). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to study the interaction between diversity and altitude variation. We observed a richness of 16 species of terrestrial tetrapods, without any statistically significant differences between underpasses with dry or flooded margins. Cuniculus paca was the most abundant species, and higher altitudes presented the most diversity. We concluded that the underpasses located inside Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) of watercourses are essential to maintain the flow of animals beneath the road.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025875
title: A compilation of host plants and their gall-inducing insects for the Caatinga Biome

description: Abstract: Caatinga is a seasonally dry tropical forest, one of the richest in plant species. Unfortunately, many groups of herbivorous insects associated with these plants are poorly known. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of gall-inducing insects (GII) and host plants (HP) in the Caatinga. For this, we compiled the information available in the literature of inventories on GII and their HP communities, and the described gall midge species. We found 100 species, 72 genera, and 32 families of HP hosting a total of 156 morphospecies of GII and 12 species of described cecidomyiids. Plant species with only one GII species represented 74% of hosts, but in super HP (i.e., HP with a high number of GII), despite the small number of HP species, there were many GII species. Fabaceae was also the most specious family, with 30% of HP species and 40% of GII. Furthermore, our results showed a low number of species of HP and GII for the Brazilian Caatinga, that we discussed this pattern with the following arguments, first, it is likely that the number of galling insect inventories for the Caatinga is under-sampled, second the Caatinga has a relatively smaller number of plant species when compared to other biomes, and finally, we argue that the Caatinga is a seasonally dry tropical forest where the deciduousness represents a relevant factor in the colonization and performance rates of GII.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025875.v1
title: A compilation of host plants and their gall-inducing insects for the Caatinga Biome

description: Abstract: Caatinga is a seasonally dry tropical forest, one of the richest in plant species. Unfortunately, many groups of herbivorous insects associated with these plants are poorly known. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of gall-inducing insects (GII) and host plants (HP) in the Caatinga. For this, we compiled the information available in the literature of inventories on GII and their HP communities, and the described gall midge species. We found 100 species, 72 genera, and 32 families of HP hosting a total of 156 morphospecies of GII and 12 species of described cecidomyiids. Plant species with only one GII species represented 74% of hosts, but in super HP (i.e., HP with a high number of GII), despite the small number of HP species, there were many GII species. Fabaceae was also the most specious family, with 30% of HP species and 40% of GII. Furthermore, our results showed a low number of species of HP and GII for the Brazilian Caatinga, that we discussed this pattern with the following arguments, first, it is likely that the number of galling insect inventories for the Caatinga is under-sampled, second the Caatinga has a relatively smaller number of plant species when compared to other biomes, and finally, we argue that the Caatinga is a seasonally dry tropical forest where the deciduousness represents a relevant factor in the colonization and performance rates of GII.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025877
title: Drifting in a free-flowing river: Distribution of fish eggs and larvae in a small tributary of a Neotropical reservoir

description: Abstract: We investigated spatial and temporal variations in the distribution of fish eggs and larvae in the Guareí River, a free-flowing tributary located in the upper section of the Jurumirim Reservoir, Paranapanema River, Brazil. Fish eggs and larvae were sampled ~ fortnightly from November 2017 to March 2018 (Cycle 1), and from November 2018 to March 2019 (Cycle 2), at three sites distributed along the entire course of the Guareí River. We collected 859 fish eggs and 1,340 larvae, comprising 19 taxa. We found reproductive activity of several fish species in the Guareí River, including long-distance migrants. However, there was no spatial differences in the assemblage structure and densities of fish eggs and larvae along the channel of Guareí River. We recorded temporal differences in larvae density only in Cycle 2. The consistent capture of fish eggs and larvae in two reproductive cycles is strong evidence that this river is a spawning site for a variety of fish species. Thus, we recommend maintaining its natural flow regime.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025877.v1
title: Drifting in a free-flowing river: Distribution of fish eggs and larvae in a small tributary of a Neotropical reservoir

description: Abstract: We investigated spatial and temporal variations in the distribution of fish eggs and larvae in the Guareí River, a free-flowing tributary located in the upper section of the Jurumirim Reservoir, Paranapanema River, Brazil. Fish eggs and larvae were sampled ~ fortnightly from November 2017 to March 2018 (Cycle 1), and from November 2018 to March 2019 (Cycle 2), at three sites distributed along the entire course of the Guareí River. We collected 859 fish eggs and 1,340 larvae, comprising 19 taxa. We found reproductive activity of several fish species in the Guareí River, including long-distance migrants. However, there was no spatial differences in the assemblage structure and densities of fish eggs and larvae along the channel of Guareí River. We recorded temporal differences in larvae density only in Cycle 2. The consistent capture of fish eggs and larvae in two reproductive cycles is strong evidence that this river is a spawning site for a variety of fish species. Thus, we recommend maintaining its natural flow regime.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025878
title: The vascular flora of Porto Ferreira State Park: an ecotonal area in São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil

description: Abstract: The Porto Ferreira State Park (PFSP) is located in the State of São Paulo southeastern Brazil, in an intriguing transitional area between the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado - both hotspots of biodiversity - represented mainly by the cerradão (CER), and the seasonal semideciduous forest (SSF), with its alluvial variation vegetation type (riparian forest - RP). Ecotonal areas play an important role in providing ecological and phytogeographic knowledge regarding the flora and vegetation of this region. Despite various studies on the PFSP, knowledge of this region remains fragmented. In this study, we aim to conduct an updated checklist of the PFSP vascular flora, including a compilation of all the studies conducted in this protected area, plus field work carried out by the authors from 2014 to 2017. In addition, given its ecotonal characteristics, we completed a floristic similarity analysis between the PFSP and other floristic surveys that examined the same vegetation types present in this study, to gain a better understanding of their phytogeographic relationships. Overall, 684 species, belonging to 387 genera and 107 families, were recorded. The SSF presented the richest vegetation type (478 species), followed by the CER (418) and the RP (231). The most diverse families were Fabaceae (64 species), Myrtaceae (41), Orchidaceae (39), Rubiaceae (37), Asteraceae (35), Bignoniaceae (26) and Malvaceae (20). Moreover, eight threatened species, at regional and national levels, were found. To date, 412 species have been added to the floristic list produced for the PFSP. The life forms with the highest number of species were trees (286 species), herbs (176) plus shrubs and subshrubs (123). Our research findings indicate floristic patterns with higher levels of similarity among species in geographical proximity, including those in ecotonal areas encompassing different vegetation types. These results rank the PFSP among some of the most species-rich conservation units with seasonal climates, and therefore is of great importance for plant conservation in the southeast of Brazil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025878.v1
title: The vascular flora of Porto Ferreira State Park: an ecotonal area in São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil

description: Abstract: The Porto Ferreira State Park (PFSP) is located in the State of São Paulo southeastern Brazil, in an intriguing transitional area between the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado - both hotspots of biodiversity - represented mainly by the cerradão (CER), and the seasonal semideciduous forest (SSF), with its alluvial variation vegetation type (riparian forest - RP). Ecotonal areas play an important role in providing ecological and phytogeographic knowledge regarding the flora and vegetation of this region. Despite various studies on the PFSP, knowledge of this region remains fragmented. In this study, we aim to conduct an updated checklist of the PFSP vascular flora, including a compilation of all the studies conducted in this protected area, plus field work carried out by the authors from 2014 to 2017. In addition, given its ecotonal characteristics, we completed a floristic similarity analysis between the PFSP and other floristic surveys that examined the same vegetation types present in this study, to gain a better understanding of their phytogeographic relationships. Overall, 684 species, belonging to 387 genera and 107 families, were recorded. The SSF presented the richest vegetation type (478 species), followed by the CER (418) and the RP (231). The most diverse families were Fabaceae (64 species), Myrtaceae (41), Orchidaceae (39), Rubiaceae (37), Asteraceae (35), Bignoniaceae (26) and Malvaceae (20). Moreover, eight threatened species, at regional and national levels, were found. To date, 412 species have been added to the floristic list produced for the PFSP. The life forms with the highest number of species were trees (286 species), herbs (176) plus shrubs and subshrubs (123). Our research findings indicate floristic patterns with higher levels of similarity among species in geographical proximity, including those in ecotonal areas encompassing different vegetation types. These results rank the PFSP among some of the most species-rich conservation units with seasonal climates, and therefore is of great importance for plant conservation in the southeast of Brazil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025883
title: Metabarcoding advances for ecology and biogeography of Neotropical protists: what do we know, where do we go?

description: Abstract: The Neotropics is one of the most diverse regions of the globe in terms of plants and animal species. Regarding the microbial world, however, little is known about the diversity and biogeography patterns of microorganisms in the Neotropics. The biogeography of several microbial taxonomic groups is still missing and/or incomplete, such as the protists. Despite the hard taxonomic identification of protists, the advance of molecular techniques (e.g., metabarcoding) have allowed to better explore the distribution of several protistan groups. Our goal here was to summarize the available information of Neotropical protists, focusing on metabarcoding studies, to explore what these data evidence on their ecology and biogeography. For this, we reviewed the findings from all articles that focused on or included the terrestrial protists using a metabarcoding approach and identified the gaps and future perspectives in this research field. We found that Neotropical protistan diversity patterns seem to be, at least in part, congruent with that of macro-organisms and, different than plants and bacteria, just weakly explained by environmental variables. We argue that studies with standardized protocols including different ecoregions are necessary, such as temperate forests, grasslands, and savannas from Southern of South America and Northern Atlantic Forest, to fully characterize the ecology and biogeography on Neotropical protists. Furthermore, dismembering evolutionary lineages and functional guilds of protists are important to better understand the relationship between diversity, dispersal abilities, and functionality of particular taxa of protists in their habitats.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20025883.v1
title: Metabarcoding advances for ecology and biogeography of Neotropical protists: what do we know, where do we go?

description: Abstract: The Neotropics is one of the most diverse regions of the globe in terms of plants and animal species. Regarding the microbial world, however, little is known about the diversity and biogeography patterns of microorganisms in the Neotropics. The biogeography of several microbial taxonomic groups is still missing and/or incomplete, such as the protists. Despite the hard taxonomic identification of protists, the advance of molecular techniques (e.g., metabarcoding) have allowed to better explore the distribution of several protistan groups. Our goal here was to summarize the available information of Neotropical protists, focusing on metabarcoding studies, to explore what these data evidence on their ecology and biogeography. For this, we reviewed the findings from all articles that focused on or included the terrestrial protists using a metabarcoding approach and identified the gaps and future perspectives in this research field. We found that Neotropical protistan diversity patterns seem to be, at least in part, congruent with that of macro-organisms and, different than plants and bacteria, just weakly explained by environmental variables. We argue that studies with standardized protocols including different ecoregions are necessary, such as temperate forests, grasslands, and savannas from Southern of South America and Northern Atlantic Forest, to fully characterize the ecology and biogeography on Neotropical protists. Furthermore, dismembering evolutionary lineages and functional guilds of protists are important to better understand the relationship between diversity, dispersal abilities, and functionality of particular taxa of protists in their habitats.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16870626
title: In-vitro evaluation of physiological changes caused by iron oxide nanoparticles in <i>Solanum villosum</i>

description: Application of iron nanoparticles as iron fertilizer can be a functional strategy to manage iron deficiency in agricultural crops. However, the toxicity of iron should not be ignored and its proper concentrations should be determined. The effect of iron nanoparticles and Fe (II) ethylenediaminetetraacetate (FeEDTA) on iron accumulation, photosynthetic pigments, soluble carbohydrate and protein, antioxidant enzymes activity, and lignification were compared <i>in vitro</i> in <i>Solanum villosum</i>. Culture media were prepared in two ways: 1) including 628 mg L<sup>−1</sup> FeEDTA as control, and 2) different concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticles (628 and 730 mg L<sup>−1</sup> in pH of 5.2, and 628 and 830 mg L<sup>−1</sup> in pH of 5.9). Seeds were germinated on culture media and biochemical parameters were measured at the end of the fourth week. The iron content, amount of chlorophyll, soluble carbohydrate and protein in leaves and stems of the plants grown using the nanoparticle concentration of 628 mg L<sup>−1</sup> decreased compared to the control, but the same parameters increased in concentrations of 730 and 830 mg L<sup>−1</sup>. Iron nanoparticles decreased catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities. Guaiacol peroxidase activity and carotenoid content showed no significant difference between FeEDTA and nanoparticle treatments. Leaf and stem lignin levels did not differ from control (FeEDTA). FeEDTA can be replaced by optimum concentrations of iron nanoparticle under <i>in vitro</i> conditions. <i>In vivo</i> experiments are needed to generalize these results for field-grown plants, because iron nanoparticles have some advantage over iron chelate, which is highly dependent on soil conditions. <b>Abbreviations:</b> APX: ascorbate peroxidase; CAT: catalase; FeEDTA: Fe (II) ethylenediaminetetraacetate; GP: guaiacol peroxidase; MS: Murashige and Skoog medium