DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16689326
title: Global Bee Interaction Data

description: Last modified: January 09, 2025

IntroductionThis dataset comprises all bee interactions indexed by Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI; Poelen et al. 2014). It is published quarterly by the Big Bee Project (Seltmann et al. 2021) to summarize all available knowledge about bee interactions from natural history collections, community science observations (i.e., iNaturalist), and the literature. Interactions include flower visitation, parasitic interactions (mite, viral), lecty, and many others.

Data DescriptionPlease see the integration process page to better understand how Global Biotic Interactions combines datasets from various sources. The complete interaction dataset for all species can be accessed via https://www.globalbioticinteractions.org/data.

Data is filtered for unique records based on the interaction description and source citation. Archives contain full data records and unique filtered records in tab-delimited format.

Dataset column name definitions https://api.globalbioticinteractions.org/interactionFields or https://api.globalbioticinteractions.org/interactionFields

Duplicate records occur in the database because more than one provider shares information. This is most frequently occuring in museum specimen data and duplicates can be identified evaluating the institutionCode, collectionCode and catalogNumber fields. The file catalogNumber_counts.tsv groups records by these three fields for this dataset, but does not filter out duplicate records. Additionally, this dataset includes the citation information provided by the data publisher. The provided sourceCitation may not include information about the primary provider (often the natural history collection) the specimen data originates and the catalogNumber should be referenced to understand the original source of the data.

If you know of a missing dataset, or wish to share your dataset, please contact us!

 

Metrics




Date


Total bee records



07-17-2020
232,906


01-24-2021
257,738


11-17-2021
226,160


06-01-2022
286,818


11-07-2022
429,308


01-18-2024
842,819


07-03-2024
1,109,057


01-09-2025
1,223,768




 




Date
Andrenidae
Apidae
Colletidae
Halictidae


07-17-2020
73,463
106,222
20,821
58,880


01-24-2021
77,824
120,919
21,376
63,945


11-17-2021
25,535
134,517
10,568
43,070


06-01-2022
78,016
144,827
20,409
64,054


11-07-2022
84,172
171,378
30,792
79,155


01-18-2024
166,473
334,224
63,847
171,931


07-03-2024


289,400



371,953



83,337



190,562



01-09-2025


204,565



686,195



70,724



241,856





 




Date
Megachilidae
Melittidae
Stenotritidae


07-17-2020
44,449
2,511
23


01-24-2021
48,856
2,624
18


11-17-2021
37,001
995
9


06-01-2022
54,516
2,994
18


11-07-2022
61,391
2,396
24


01-18-2024
100,814
5,088
442


07-03-2024


162,587



4,964

438


01-09-2025


126,113



5,928

441




 

Included files



filter_and_count_bee_families.sh - script for separating bee records into family and counting number of records for each family

citation-count.sh - script for counting citations

counts.sh - script for counting number of records per family

family_counts.tsv - counts by family

unique_citations.tsv - list of references/sources providing bee interaction data and the number of interactions provided by each reference

globi-bees-filtered_file.tsv.gz - list of all bee interaction data indexed on Global Biotic Interactions from GloBI version 2025-Jan-09 produced by [filter_and_count_bee_families.sh].

interactions.tsv.gz - archive of the full Global Biotic Interaction dataset on January 9, 2025. Downloaded from https://www.globalbioticinteractions.org


 

Interaction Sources

Below is a list of sources that contributed to this dataset, along with raw counts of unique interactions and links to the corresponding digital archives and reviews. These datasets are indexed and reviewed by Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI) using automated, reproducible workflows that extract species-interaction records, reconcile taxonomic names against authoritative catalogs, and summarize the findings. Each review produces a versioned digital archive to ensure long-term preservation and to document data provenance. For details, see the Methods section within each linked archive.




count
source
archive


255946
USGS Biodiversity Information Serving Our Nation (BISON) IPT
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/usgs-bison hash://md5/261382102932dd4b0f8a115e513381e1. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16894852


203993




http://iNaturalist.org is a place where you can record what you see in nature, meet other nature lovers, and learn about the natural world.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist hash://md5/2865258bf6e685b25a42f471a2a45475. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416416


113413




Digital Bee Collections Network, 2014 (and updates). Version: 2015-03-18. National Science Foundation grant DBI 0956388; PBI: Phytophagous Insects as a Model Group for Documenting Planetary Biodiversity (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae, Phylinae). Version: 08 Mar 2016. National Science Foundation grant DBI#0316495; Tri-Trophic Thematic Collection Network, 2014 (and updates). Version: 08 Mar 2016. http://tcn.amnh.org/. National Science Foundation grant(s) EF#1115081, EF#1115103, EF#1115080, EF#1115144, EF#1115191, EF#1115104, EF#1115115


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/arthropodEasyCaptureAMNH hash://md5/f68f2151504fc3f5b3728340ac71b01f. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16894941


111712
University of Kansas Natural History Museum
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc hash://md5/111a65e9944a2a5c29b544fb8d69f7f0. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416759


95131
ecdysis - a portal for live-managing arthropod occurrence data
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/ecdysis hash://md5/342d37a8b382bb712c607b7e00147c71. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17109206


74835
Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network (SCAN)
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/scan hash://md5/58de50154e330c331993fe5d0852ad84. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16894884


62736
Frost Entomological Museum, Pennsylvania State University
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/psuc-ento hash://md5/b03fb3303a4a123eb50a194a58480b2e. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16894957


28517
PaDIL Bee records from the Pests and Diseases Image Library, http://www.padil.gov.au.
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/padil-bee hash://md5/97be2459c1ab8ea87e30e238a218cd11. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416640


27114




Guzman, Laura Melissa; Kelly, Tyler; Elle, Elizabeth, 2022, "A dataset for pollinator diversity and their interactions with plants in the Pacific NorthWest", https://doi.org/10.5683/SP3/WTEZNH, Borealis, V1


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). A Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found in globalbioticinteractions/guzman2022 hash://md5/006bf04d154613cbd4f9a3710543097c. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15197503


24564




University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Insect Division. Full Database Export 2020-11-20 provided by Erika Tucker and Barry Oconner.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/ummzi hash://md5/512dd6e721ca91c2ed23958ac3571a8e. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416835


23731




Carril OM, Griswold T, Haefner J, Wilson JS. (2018) Wild bees of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument: richness, abundance, and spatio-temporal beta-diversity. PeerJ 6:e5867 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5867


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/carril2018 hash://md5/85f3809e21549b55fe0eea6b6ee39acd. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416527


18739




A. Thessen. 2014. Species associations extracted from EOL text data objects via text mining.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within EOL/pseudonitzchia hash://md5/472d0dff867eb9f2997803a98d3da836. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416064


18003
Pensoft Darwin Core Archives available via Integrated Publication Toolkit
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/pensoft-ipt hash://md5/feafab67da3ccc20728e08b23d538d32. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17113233


15754




Schwarz, Benjamin et al. (2021). Data from: Temporal scale-dependence of plant-pollinator networks [Dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qz612jmbp


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/schwarz2021 hash://md5/dd114cefc42693a0902284e3538e05ea. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416386


10211
Pensoft Darwin Core Archives with associateTaxa columns
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/pensoft-dwca hash://md5/d753da7abc878f1800a36604f0b22893. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416954


8752
Web of Life. http://www.web-of-life.es .
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/web-of-life hash://md5/df58ae253b9a759e387c7f78d05de592. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416701


7590




Nick Balfour, Maria Clara Castellanos, Chris Johnson, Dave Goulson, Andrew Philippides. 2023. The Database of Pollinator Interactions (DoPI). Accessed at https://www.sussex.ac.uk/lifesci/ebe/dopi/ on 2023-12-01.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/dopi hash://md5/5092adc224b66f397c752f6f2071ed53. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416445


6367
Purdue Entomological Research Collection
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/pu-perc hash://md5/b6dda8832cf7b8098f37414e09cb9ab9. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416943


6190




Redhead, J.W.; Coombes, C.F.; Dean, H.J.; Dyer, R.; Oliver, T.H.; Pocock, M.J.O.; Rorke, S.L.; Vanbergen, A.J.; Woodcock, B.A.; Pywell, R.F. (2018). Plant-pollinator interactions database for construction of potential networks. NERC Environmental Information Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/6d8d5cb5-bd54-4da7-903a-15bd4bbd531b


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within zedomel/redhead2018 hash://md5/5587b71d93755ec1085f9f425823971a. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415991


5629
https://mangal.io - the ecological interaction database.
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/mangal hash://md5/15338eed17056cee0e7b42b585b664c4. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416563


5451
University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Division of Insects
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/ummz-ummzi hash://md5/9bc2ea57750528c477fe2f1e8ba6a08e. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416721


5316




Clint Otto, Russ Bryant, and Ned H. Euliss Jr., 2020, The U.S. Geological Survey Pollinator Library Dataset: U.S. Geological Survey. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DSS3VL


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/usgs-pollinator-library hash://md5/84bbbe92d69937112435fb3cd146493a. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416566


5297
Eardley C, Coetzer W. 2016. Catalogue of Afrotropical Bees.
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/Catalogue-of-Afrotropical-Bees hash://md5/2fc2dfe7833b9cc644e4d6419ed5aed7. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416738


4700
University of Colorado Museum of Natural History Entomology Collection
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/ucm-ucmc hash://md5/c2694b8513a6b38b809ebad4a4476938. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416777


4684




National Database Plant Pollinators. Center for Plant Conservation at San Diego Zoo Global. Accessed via https://saveplants.org/national-collection/pollinator-search/ on 2020-06-05.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/cpc-pollinators hash://md5/5171d92e794fa5924956e6ad76a8a28d. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416625


4557




Allen-Perkins, Alfonso, Magrach, Ainhoa, Dainese, Matteo, Garibaldi, Lucas A., Kleijn, David, Rader, Romina, Reilly, James R., et al. 2022. "CropPol: A Dynamic, Open and Global Database on Crop Pollination." Ecology 103(3): e3614. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3614


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). A Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found in ibartomeus/OBservData hash://md5/35b1210f8b22088babe73b2b9012c15e. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15256406


4502




Natural History Collections managed by Arctos (https://arctosdb.org) accessed via https://vertnet.org .


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/vertnet hash://md5/6c194df8ddb37844f7b4f1258c81d93d. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16915755


4243




Seltmann, K., Van Wagner, J., Behm, R., Brown, Z., Tan, E., & Liu, K. (2020). BID: A project to share biotic interaction and ecological trait data about bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila). UC Santa Barbara: Cheadle Center for Biodiversity and Ecological Restoration. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1g21k7bf


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within Big-Bee-Network/bee-interaction-database hash://md5/194b69eabd5b183f1f40a6437caf14f6. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416048


3709
Arizona State University Hasbrouck Insect Collection
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/asu-asuhic hash://md5/285ffd1b5d4b0c5777d3bfe92dbcd186. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416540


3630
Mycology Collections Data Portal (MyCoPortal). https://mycoportal.org
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). A Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal hash://md5/23d7d00bc7f8662173d1efc3f4fb8352. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15211553


3590




Maiorano, L., Montemaggiori, A., Ficetola, G.F., O’Connor, L. & Thuiller, W. (2020), Data from: Tetra-EU 1.0: a species-level trophic meta-web of European tetrapods, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.jm63xsj7b


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/tetra-eu hash://md5/913860140ed57f55934f87ed76279890. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416379


3552




Fricke, E.C., Svenning, J. Accelerating homogenization of the global plant–frugivore meta-network. Nature 585, 74–78 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2640-y


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 hash://md5/2c3f7c3031300319d7f1d18caf24f7d7. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416935


3140
University of New Hampshire Collection of Insects and other Arthropods UNHC-UNHC
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Darwin Core Archive Shared by <collectionName>University of New Hampshire Collection of Insects and Arthropods (UNHC-UNHC)</collectionName>, Including a Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names hash://md5/33e1785c82495a491b2d79824d87801f. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416377


3124




CaraDonna, P.J. 2020. Temporal variation in plant-pollinator interactions, Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, CO, USA, 2013 - 2015 ver 1. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/27dc02fe1655e3896f20326fed5cb95f (Accessed 2021-04-16).


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within jhpoelen/caradonna2020 hash://md5/b2321062bf4720e04b0e3ca93b2d92d7. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416188


3121




LaManna, JA, Burkle, LA, Belote, RT, Myers, JA. Biotic and abiotic drivers of plant–pollinator community assembly across wildfire gradients. J Ecol. 2020; 00: 1– 14. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13530 .


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/lamanna2020 hash://md5/349efab69af145d4e9c351c6944c730c. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416526


3041




Ollerton, J., Trunschke, J. ., Havens, K. ., Landaverde-González, P. ., Keller, A. ., Gilpin, A.-M. ., Rodrigo Rech, A. ., Baronio, G. J. ., Phillips, B. J., Mackin, C. ., Stanley, D. A., Treanore, E. ., Baker, E. ., Rotheray, E. L., Erickson, E. ., Fornoff, F. ., Brearley, F. Q. ., Ballantyne, G. ., Iossa, G. ., Stone, G. N., Bartomeus, I. ., Stockan, J. A., Leguizamón, J., Prendergast, K. ., Rowley, L., Giovanetti, M., de Oliveira Bueno, R., Wesselingh, R. A., Mallinger, R., Edmondson, S., Howard, S. R., Leonhardt, S. D., Rojas-Nossa, S. V., Brett, M., Joaqui, T., Antoniazzi, R., Burton, V. J., Feng, H.-H., Tian, Z.-X., Xu, Q., Zhang, C., Shi, C.-L., Huang, S.-Q., Cole, L. J., Bendifallah, L., Ellis, E. E., Hegland, S. J., Straffon Díaz, S., Lander, T. A. ., Mayr, A. V., Dawson, R. ., Eeraerts, M. ., Armbruster, W. S. ., Walton, B. ., Adjlane, N. ., Falk, S. ., Mata, L. ., Goncalves Geiger, A. ., Carvell, C. ., Wallace, C. ., Ratto, F. ., Barberis, M. ., Kahane, F. ., Connop, S. ., Stip, A. ., Sigrist, M. R. ., Vereecken, N. J. ., Klein, A.-M., Baldock, K. ., & Arnold, S. E. J. . (2022). Pollinator-flower interactions in gardens during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown of 2020. Journal of Pollination Ecology, 31, 87–96. https://doi.org/10.26786/1920-7603(2022)695


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/ollerton2022 hash://md5/32fc07a134e3a9e74ad186a8fbba26e9. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16879076


2823
Robert L. Minckley San Bernardino Valley from the year 2000 to 2011.
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/minckly-san-bernardino-valley-2000-2011 hash://md5/7f1f5b080dd69278ff4b9a3f357dc233. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416987


2757




Harvard University M, Morris P J (2021). Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/mcz hash://md5/2989c728e523da25788c7403881ba110. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416879


2038




Sarah E. Miller. 07/06/2017. Information extracted from dataset https://www.idigbio.org/portal/recordsets/db4bb0df-8539-4617-ab5f-eb118aa3126b.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within millerse/Aluja-et-al-New-Host-Plant-and-Distribution-Records-in-Mexico hash://md5/794d41d6f96996cc7b838d4955d66267. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415645


1681




Klompen H, Johnson N (2018). Ohio State Acarology Laboratory (OSAL), Ohio State University. Museum of Biological Diversity, The Ohio State University. Accessed via https://mbd-db.osu.edu/hol/taxon_name/05fbf4bb-f8e1-404e-a27c-759d345aa4d0 on 2023-11-06 hash://sha256/fb23140e60f4889de35ae174b2570cf294012bff4f2c8c419c292af51c98c25f


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/osal-ar hash://md5/da80906057aa9899746b805b3457196c. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416696


1619




Grundler MC (2020) SquamataBase: a natural history database and R package for comparative biology of snake feeding habits. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e49943. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e49943


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/squamatabase hash://md5/28ae0aec671c8289c4ff064c824a006a. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416895


1522




Brose, U. (2018). GlobAL daTabasE of traits and food Web Architecture (GATEWAy) version 1.0 [Data set]. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig. https://doi.org/10.25829/IDIV.283-3-756


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/brose-gateway hash://md5/ce079a4d51ef14f2e213c9627535340d. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416427


1430




Sarah E Miller. 6/19/2015. Species associations manually extracted from datasets https://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/interactionweb/resources.html.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within millerse/Plant-Pollinator-Web hash://md5/6d203140d0d7041ddb68493aa1afdd3c. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415795


1126




Giselle Muschett & Francisco E. Fontúrbel. 2021. A comprehensive catalogue of plant – pollinator interactions for Chile


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within fonturbel-lab/pollination_catalogue hash://md5/6f9ac7dbe67db53ae04d88355ecf2299. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416139


1091




Magrach, Ainhoa et al. (2017), Data from: Plant-pollinator networks in semi-natural grasslands are resistant to the loss of pollinators during blooming of mass-flowering crops, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k0q1n


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within zedomel/magrach2017 hash://md5/4cb0ccfe94fc2dcb25db2b160f6b87fe. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415990


1057




Sarah E Miller. 4/18/2016. Species associations from Wardeh, M. et al. Database of host-pathogen and related species interactions, and their global distribution. Sci. Data 2:150049 doi: 10.1038/sdata.2015.49 (2015)


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/wardeh2015 hash://md5/ed5ec44c768ad91a517981298b57a476. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416593


1057




Wardeh, M., Risley, C., McIntyre, M. et al. Database of host-pathogen and related species interactions, and their global distribution. Sci Data 2, 150049 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2015.49


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/wardeh2021 hash://md5/54c82e24b92e31b3dbdf05077fa59631. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16417082


1034




Cohen JM, Sauer EL, Santiago O, Spencer S, Rohr JR. 2020. Divergent impacts of warming weather on wildlife disease risk across climates. Science. doi:10.1126/science.abb1702


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within jeremy-cohen/tmh-across-systems hash://md5/acdc297bf51bf19135d955dfa2964aca. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416045


953
Sarah E Miller. 5/30/2016. Interations from various papers.
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within millerse/Pollination-Collection hash://md5/45e01a3d185bebefe0c817999626e52e. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415773


929
University of California Santa Barbara Invertebrate Zoology Collection
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within seltmann/taxonomy-darwin-core hash://md5/43a0585878b794efcbc1a339af29a121. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416173


870




Del Risco, A.A., Montoya, Á.M., García, V. et al. Data synthesis and dynamic visualization converge into a comprehensive biotic interaction network: a case study of the urban and rural areas of Bogotá D.C.. Urban Ecosyst (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-021-01133-3


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/delrisco2021 hash://md5/cb1433264b41fc25533c2b7d16b960f5. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16417023


855




The International Barcode of Life Consortium (2016). International Barcode of Life project (iBOL). Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/inygc6


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/bold hash://md5/969227ee2bf361797a9508ba886bad24. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416838


847




Ed Baker; Ian J. Kitching; George W. Beccaloni; Amoret Whitaker et al. (2016). Dataset: NHM Interactions Bank. Natural History Museum Data Portal (data.nhm.ac.uk). https://doi.org/10.5519/0060767


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank hash://md5/e8e989e8f12e15ccf50455152d68d2ee. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416999


794




Poelen, J. H. (2024). A biodiversity dataset graph: Biological Associations in TaxonWorks hash://sha256/e4a47c067d6c125da60c9a1b92b5eecdea539cb8666cd3aed99db347ae5b8ed0 hash://md5/686007de79cc2a49ab23fd3debe56e3f [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11151783


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/taxonworks hash://md5/db4ed1a90a189371db18e5ae6cb275e6. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15546886


770
Florida State Collection of Arthropods
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/fsca hash://md5/4671936853875e440c5e56433ecf9ff9. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416554


759
Illinois Natural History Survey Insect Collection
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/inhs-insects hash://md5/8c789f5de640e9c7af86085640ace2d3. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416858


711
Texas A&M University Insect Collection
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/tamuic-ent hash://md5/4bd7ed560f9d627f59cd385fbec5a61e. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16417010


638




Scott L. Gardner and Gabor R. Racz (2021). University of Nebraska State Museum - Parasitology. Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. University of Nebraska State Museum.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/unl-nsm hash://md5/858b6c2db7dbec236b7cde256095f250. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416724


634




Classen, Alice; Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf (2020): Plant-pollinator interactions along an elevational gradient on Mt. Kilimanjaro. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.911390


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/classen2020 hash://md5/c11fd0817b796bb3cbc39593af34c1ef. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416584


616
A review of the status of web-based African Plant-Pollinator Interaction data.
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/kalro2023 hash://md5/a254ecfeaa1719995db9251d928573dd. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416504


609




Ollerton J, Liede-Schumann S, Endress ME, Meve U, Rech AR, Shuttleworth A, Keller HA, Fishbein M, Alvarado-Cárdenas LO, Amorim FW, Bernhardt P, Celep F, Chirango Y, Chiriboga-Arroyo F, Civeyrel L, Cocucci A, Cranmer L, da Silva-Batista IC, de Jager L, Deprá MS, Domingos-Melo A, Dvorsky C, Agostini K, Freitas L, Gaglianone MC, Galetto L, Gilbert M, González-Ramírez I, Gorostiague P, Goyder D, Hachuy-Filho L, Heiduk A, Howard A, Ionta G, Islas-Hernández SC, Johnson SD, Joubert L, Kaiser-Bunbury CN, Kephart S, Kidyoo A, Koptur S, Koschnitzke C, Lamborn E, Livshultz T, Machado IC, Marino S, Mema L, Mochizuki K, Morellato LPC, Mrisha CK, Muiruri EW, Nakahama N, Nascimento VT, Nuttman C, Oliveira PE, Peter CI, Punekar S, Rafferty N, Rapini A, Ren ZX, Rodríguez-Flores CI, Rosero L, Sakai S, Sazima M, Steenhuisen SL, Tan CW, Torres C, Trøjelsgaard K, Ushimaru A, Vieira MF, Wiemer AP, Yamashiro T, Nadia T, Queiroz J, Quirino Z. The diversity and evolution of pollination systems in large plant clades: Apocynaceae as a case study. Ann Bot. 2019 Jan 23;123(2):311-325. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcy127. PMID: 30099492; PMCID: PMC6344220.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/pollinators-of-apocynaceae-database hash://md5/1487fb80afdc7e8bbfb5856c9c89df55. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416807


590
National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution IPT RSS Feed
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). A Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found in globalbioticinteractions/usnm hash://md5/4281af68992fb5c77b285d367f363d17. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15540430


558




Sarah E Miller. 6/22/2015. Species associations manually extracted from datasets https://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/interactionweb/resources.html.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within millerse/Clements-R.-E.-and-F.-L.-Long hash://md5/83b754c2b2a8e4fec9aa299c0536248c. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415690


544




Pardee, G.L., Ballare, K.M., Neff, J.L., Do, L.Q., Ojeda, D., Bienenstock, E.J., Brosi, B.J., Grubesic, T.H., Miller, J.A., Tong, D. and Jha, S., 2023. Local and Landscape Factors Influence Plant-Pollinator Networks and Bee Foraging Behavior across an Urban Corridor. Land, 12(2), p.362. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/2/362


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). A Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found in globalbioticinteractions/ut-utbfl hash://md5/ce7c1cafe20efa21735387b302a05912. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15213247


493
RCPol: Online Pollen Catalogs Network. 2016. https://rcpol.org.br/
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/rcpol hash://md5/5fba6762aa138643de0c7555a2f3a6d3. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416345


484




Hurlbert, A. H., Olsen, A. M., Sawyer, M. M., and Winner, P. M. 2021. Avian Diet Database. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5151056


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within hurlbertlab/dietdatabase hash://md5/266b055b7c49cb388d5201dcae2c9f7e. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416150


450




Sarah E Miller. 6/25/2015. Species associations manually extracted from Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within millerse/Flowers-and-insects-lists-of-visitors-to-four-hundred-and-fifty-three-flowers hash://md5/257a1ada5e4f0754f344eceb818cae34. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415596


437
The Albert J. Cook Arthropod Research Collection
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/msu-msuc hash://md5/8060fd18ed759fb56e317b44a20e21fb. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416453


293




Global Web Database (http://globalwebdb.com): an online collection of food webs. Accessed via https://www.globalwebdb.com/Service/DownloadArchive on 2017-10-12.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/globalwebdb hash://md5/772ac7adfcee6180c36f81c8d1118a17. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416707


290




Sarah E Miller. 06/10/2015. Species associations manually extracted from Chamberlin, W. J. The Buprestidae of North America, Exclusive of Mexico, a Catalogue including Synonomy, Bibliography, Distribution, Type Locality and Hosts of Each Species,. 1926.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). A Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found in millerse/Buprestidae-of-North-America hash://md5/7d2a513ae776958227c5e499115d38c1. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15256955


282




BENSCH, S., HELLGREN, O. and PÉREZ‐TRIS, J. (2009), MalAvi: a public database of malaria parasites and related haemosporidians in avian hosts based on mitochondrial cytochrome b lineages. Molecular Ecology Resources, 9: 1353-1358. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02692.x


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/malavi hash://md5/dbeac5b46b28dbe114286b0599505155. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416363


271
California Academy of Sciences Entomology and Entomology Type Collection
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). A Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found in globalbioticinteractions/cas-ent hash://md5/a35c85b2774833d20679e8637cc7c5c3. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15191173


263




Food Webs and Species Interactions in the Biodiversity of UK and Ireland (Online). 2017. Data provided by Malcolm Storey. Also available from http://bioinfo.org.uk.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/bioinfo hash://md5/2c7f7b1dfead5d093f8b22147b5dcea5. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416479


262




Canterbury Museum. (2024). Canterbury Museum (CMNZ) collection insect specimen-plant flower interactions (0.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11694302


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/cmnz hash://md5/3f3c4838c4bd5c902ab031540d8ded3a. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416677


248
WorldFAIR pilot data from: VisitationData_Luisa_Carvalheiro.
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/calvalheiro2023 hash://md5/bccc0439dcedba335c2e1f9bba278502. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416938


248
http://invertebrates.si.edu/parasites.htm
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245




Eneida L. Hatcher, Sergey A. Zhdanov, Yiming Bao, Olga Blinkova, Eric P. Nawrocki, Yuri Ostapchuck, Alejandro A. Schäffer, J. Rodney Brister, Virus Variation Resource – improved response to emergent viral outbreaks, Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 45, Issue D1, January 2017, Pages D482–D490, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw1065 .


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/ncbi-virus hash://md5/4b007357ba5f8b3b482082d9bf1e37e2. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416980


213




Groom, Q.J., Maarten De Groot, M. & Marčiulynienė, D. (2020) Species interation data manually extracted from literature for species .


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within AgentschapPlantentuinMeise/ashForestInteractions hash://md5/2273176929e38071b21a6438df74d484. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416287


205




@article{Sabino_2022, doi = {10.1016/j.agee.2022.108012}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.agee.2022.108012}, year = 2022, month = {sep}, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, volume = {335}, pages = {108012}, author = {William Sabino and Luciano Costa and Tamires Andrade and Juliana Teixeira and Gustavo Araújo and André Luís Acosta and Luísa Carvalheiro and Tereza Cristina Giannini}, title = {Status and trends of pollination services in Amazon agroforestry systems}, journal = {Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment}}


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/sabina2022 hash://md5/eded49380b17b65a120ecb11e39b7114. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416634


201
University of Hawaii Insect Museum
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/uhim hash://md5/c53deadd40ce70c1788764a8b18a397a. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416908


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Palomares, M.L.D. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2018. SeaLifeBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.sealifebase.org, version (10/2018).


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181
Brigham Young University Arthropod Museum
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/byu-byuc hash://md5/2e019e9e60bd77bc96d40a8a542b1be6. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416622


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Stokland, J.; Dahlberg, A.; Meyke, E.; Schigel, D.; Siitonen, J. (2006) The Nordic saproxylic database - a comprehensive overview of the biological diversity in dead wood. 1st European Congress of Conservation Biology - "Diversity for Europe". August 2006, Hungary. Book of Abstracts. Society of Conservation Biology (USA) & Blackwell Publishing (UK) p. 159 .


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). A Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found in globalbioticinteractions/saproxylic hash://md5/7145c8edf511a3fd46a1c1b7f2a65cfa. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15212376


164




Stephens, P. R., Pappalardo, P. , Huang, S. , Byers, J. E., Farrell, M. J., Gehman, A. , Ghai, R. R., Haas, S. E., Han, B. , Park, A. W., Schmidt, J. P., Altizer, S. , Ezenwa, V. O. and Nunn, C. L. (2017), Global Mammal Parasite Database version 2.0. Ecology, 98: 1476-1476. doi:10.1002/ecy.1799


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/global-mammal-parasite-database hash://md5/e8c89a931482875da765e5474483c3ab. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416802


143
Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database.
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within hurlbertlab/dietdatabase hash://md5/266b055b7c49cb388d5201dcae2c9f7e. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416150


134




Bartomeus, Ignasi (2013): Plant-Pollinator Network Data. figshare. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.154863.v1


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within zedomel/bartomeus2008 hash://md5/fa3898a9ec0f435f7dab9528aacd64e9. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415984


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Sarah E Miller. 12/13/2016. Species associations manually extracted from Onstad, D.W. EDWIP: Ecological Database of the World's Insect Pathogens. Champaign, Illinois: Illinois Natural History Survey, [23/11/2016]. http://insectweb.inhs.uiuc.edu/Pathogens/EDWIP.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens hash://md5/e45c70668ad34fe621e58a2625538891. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415704


129
Yale University Peabody Museum Collections Data Portal
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). A Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found in globalbioticinteractions/yale-peabody hash://md5/333f37c58ff2ded11cd7fd4cc27e50e3. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15256272


128




Llewelyn, J., Strona, G., Dickman, C.R., Greenville, A.C., Wardle, G.M., Lee, M.S.Y., Doherty, S., Shabani, F., Saltré, F. and Bradshaw, C.J.A. (2023), Predicting predator–prey interactions in terrestrial endotherms using random forest. Ecography e06619. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.06619


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within jhpoelen/random-forests-for-predicting-predator-prey-interactions-in-terrestrial-vertebrates hash://md5/4b9ccb016f814dd537a58f5a2a464e9c. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416221


124
Field Museum of Natural History IPT
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). A Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found in globalbioticinteractions/fmnh hash://md5/e0d0c1436b55ec3ce1f661a9965bcc4f. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15192116


120




Shaw, LP, Wang, AD, Dylus, D, et al. The phylogenetic range of bacterial and viral pathogens of vertebrates. Mol Ecol. 2020; 29: 3361– 3379. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15463


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within liampshaw/Pathogen-host-range hash://md5/fc8777cd05b09b1288f306b22b565aba. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416017


119




Species Interactions of Australia Database (SIAD): Helping us to understand species interactions in Australia and beyond. http://www.discoverlife.org/siad/ .


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/siad hash://md5/8c417416da43d2d28e234c20a64f9ea5. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16417028


118
WIRC / University of Wisconsin Madison WIS-IH / Wisconsin Insect Research Collection
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/wis-ih-wirc hash://md5/6720718278fa7cb9d2bcd450e6f04250. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416917


100




Carlson, C.J. et al., 2021. The Global Virome in One Network (VIRION): an atlas of vertebrate-virus associations. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.06.455442


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99




Mihara, T., Nishimura, Y., Shimizu, Y., Nishiyama, H., Yoshikawa, G., Uehara, H., Hingamp, P., Goto, S., and Ogata, H.; Linking virus genomes with host taxonomy. Viruses 8, 66 doi:10.3390/v8030066 (2016).


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/virus-host-db hash://md5/a33a14821015e68ac0e0a1ce35248a0e. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416458


92




Brose, U. et al., 2005. Body sizes of consumers and their resources. Ecology, 86(9), pp.2545–2545. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1890/05-0379.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/brose hash://md5/b70a019bbf2a0237ff4c7d8207f6e09a. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416482


92
San Diego Natural History Museum
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/sdnhm-sdmc hash://md5/fedd1856d0e3f353ed2c1e41ab58273e. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416446


79




Cristina Preda and Quentin Groom. 2014. Species associations manually extracted from literature.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within qgroom/Vespa-velutina hash://md5/590d7f2941c8c31bfafb4afd4a3a4368. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415902


66
US National Museum of Natural History Ixodes Records
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/usnm-ixodes hash://md5/58fa17026fe6e9938a282c98010487ab. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416434


57




Farr, David F.; Rossman, Amy Y.; Castlebury, Lisa A. (2021). United States National Fungus Collections Fungus-Host Dataset. Ag Data Commons. https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1524414.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host hash://md5/18a0db4b0fc6c38d5138c9e42c721b9d. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416410


53




Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2023. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, 103(1), pp.53-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00323-6


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within jhpoelen/database hash://md5/a3356d29c353252a3469d5c11700309e. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416253


53




Soleto-Casas RC and Simões N (2020). Parasitic and commensal invertebrates of echinoderms from American Tropical And Subtropical Atlantic manually extracted from literature.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within BDMYRepository/Echino-Interactions hash://md5/9c8c4e11cf3a760550ce74b939558058. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415873


51




Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2018. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, version (10/2018).


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/fishbase hash://md5/4e0efc1fb5b56556c779d9b5067ce1eb. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416734


45




Olito, Colin; Fox, Jeremy W. (2015), Data from: Species traits and abundances predict metrics of plant–pollinator network structure, but not pairwise interactions, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7st32


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within zedomel/olito2015 hash://md5/8b109dec50b09a8388369231f8c79c77. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415997


43
Price Institute of Parasite Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/utah-piper hash://md5/50684b3354c564d5b8458a22a541ec15. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416753


40




Sarah E Miller. 9/19/2017. Species associations manually extracted from Benesh, D. P., Lafferty, K. D. and Kuris, A. (2017), A life cycle database for parasitic acanthocephalans, cestodes, and nematodes. Ecology, 98: 882. doi:10.1002/ecy.1680


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within millerse/Benesh-et-al-2017 hash://md5/e2c94b3c018c3d583f1e57885dfde4c3. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415613


38
http://gomexsi.tamucc.edu
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within GoMexSI/abascal hash://md5/40f5775b0a452cb55b734b9ca47583c8. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416308


37




Pocock, Michael J. O.; Evans, Darren M.; Memmott, Jane (2012), Data from: The robustness and restoration of a network of ecological networks, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3s36r118


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/pocock2012 hash://md5/d8f6d8ddafbf5a4bbd6a7bf2cc798f69. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416381


36




Quentin J. Groom. 2020. Species interactions of species on the List of invasive alien species of Union concern


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within trias-project/eu-species-of-concern-interactions hash://md5/020a562c2c03af835d747152e8dae9ef. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416086


36
University of Wisconsin Stevens Point, Stephen J. Taft Parasitological Collection
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/uwsp-para hash://md5/cb16c33810daa8777b0250cc8781b962. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416785


34
Museum for Southwestern Biology (MSB) Parasite Collection
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/msb-para hash://md5/6d7993c3d7634c418143d1b93a1fa023. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416649


34




Sarah E Miller. 6/20/2015. Species associations manually extracted from datasets https://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/interactionweb/resources.html.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within millerse/PLANT-SEED-DISPERSER-WEBS hash://md5/f6387fc5b893022b52a91e90aa7efd4b. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415776


32




Ballantyne, Gavin; Baldock, Katherine C. R.; Willmer, Pat G. (2015), Data from: Constructing more informative plant-pollinator networks: visitation and pollen deposition networks in a heathland plant community, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.17pp3


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within zedomel/ballantyne2015 hash://md5/d32b4736f736d6a94827cd4a0fea3ed4. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416002


29




Sarah E Miller. 5/17/2016. Wenzel, Rupert L., and Vernon J. Tipton. Appendix: Classified List of Hosts and Parasites. Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1966.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within millerse/Wenzel-Tipton-Classified-List-of-Hosts-and-Parasites hash://md5/fad57a7af93ec566947189dfb7dd16ff. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415681


26




Sarah E Miller. 9/19/2016. Species associations extracted from Graystock, P., Blane, E.J., McFrederick, Q.S., Goulson, D. and Hughes, W.O., 2016. Do managed bees drive parasite spread and emergence in wild bees?. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 5(1), pp.64-75.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within millerse/Greystock-et-al.-2015 hash://md5/db2e4b7d8b54bce78be5bbcdf9b866d6. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415671


25
Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, J. Linsley Gressitt Center for Research in Entomology
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). A Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found in globalbioticinteractions/bpbm-ent hash://md5/7d8a51c342eb3f0b4c8bd61bff8196bd. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15190976


23




Agosti, Donat. 2020. Transcription of Linné, C. von, 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542 .


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/linnaeus1758 hash://md5/77c913afec9dbb5df93d38385b5f7e7e. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416438


23




Sherman, Aja C.; Geiselman, Cullen; Simons, Nancy B.; Upham, Nathan S.; Poelen, Jorrit H.; Reeder, DeeAnn M.; Bertolino, Sandro; Groom, Quentin; Phelps, Kendra; Agosti, Donat; Willoughby, Anna R. In Preparation. Bat-Co-Roosting Database develop by the Biodiversity-related knowledge hub on COVID-19.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/bat-co-roosting-database hash://md5/c38313b45b590218f8683820531a8b13. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416514


23




Udy, Kristy; Reininghaus, Hannah; Scherber, Christoph; Tscharntke, Teja (2020), Data from: Plant-pollinator interactions along an urbanization gradient from cities and villages to farmland landscapes, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4mw6m906s


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within zedomel/udy2020 hash://md5/42994eeb20ef33a6a188cf31cb4619b5. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416007


20




IPBES. (2016). The assessment report of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services on pollinators, pollination and food production. Table 2.4.3 p88 Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3402857


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/ipbes-pollinator-2016 hash://md5/2f8d363735d4516943e3c3a5db0cf7e4. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416489


19




Seltzer, Carrie; Wysocki, William; Palacios, Melissa; Eickhoff, Anna; Pilla, Hannah; Aungst, Jordan; Mercer, Aaron; Quicho, Jamie; Voss, Neil; Xu, Man; J. Ndangalasi, Henry; C. Lovett, Jon; J. Cordeiro, Norbert (2015): Plant-animal interactions from Africa. figshare. https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1526128


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/AfricaTreeDatabase hash://md5/6326a0b3275c4c5ae8b8afc32c31b307. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416587


18




Jakovos Demetriou and Quentin Groom 2014. Species associations of Sceliphron manually extracted from literature.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within qgroom/Sceliphron hash://md5/8b608b17e34230c5b4697504e6ff98a5. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415968


17
Species Connect. https://speciesconnect.com
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/speciesconnect hash://md5/8b64dea45145f5cd7273d82dff3bb150. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416560


14




Fabricia Sousa Paz, Carlos Eduardo Pinto, Rafael Melo de Brito, Vera Lucia Imperatriz-Fonseca, Tereza Cristina Giannini, Edible Fruit Plant Species in the Amazon Forest Rely Mostly on Bees and Beetles as Pollinators, Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 114, Issue 2, April 2021, Pages 710–722, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa284


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). A Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found in globalbioticinteractions/paz2021 hash://md5/b625ec71acea9ebdc28aa89e2ce6b293. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15211913


14




Raymond, B., Marshall, M., Nevitt, G., Gillies, C., van den Hoff, J., Stark, J.S., Losekoot, M., Woehler, E.J., and Constable, A.J. (2011) A Southern Ocean dietary database. Ecology 92(5):1188. Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10-1907.1 . Data set supplied by Ben Raymond.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/raymond hash://md5/ef9872bb1b331017b98ab1e4ef1cc8ea. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416731


14




Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research. (2023). SCAR Southern Ocean Diet and Energetics Database (2023-04-04) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7796465 hash://md5/e41e29d8fb3c2d731f292ec08798cf6b hash://md5/05abf23c0b9e5f4bc721ff407455af0a hash://sha256/7a344b858ab8d1daeca1da49843e8bf957f1116ff9e10a29176ab5c02cb49bef


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/scar hash://md5/1376a661aee115342869f99165b5425d. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416322


13




Geiselman, Cullen K. & Sarah Younger. 2020. Bat Eco-Interactions Database. www.batbase.org


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/batbase hash://md5/d16cd24cd99dce50bb2d62dbe360518e. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416780


12




Gaden S. Robinson; Phillip R. Ackery; Ian Kitching; George W Beccaloni; Luis M. Hernández (2023). HOSTS (from HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants) [Data set resource]. Natural History Museum. https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/hosts/resource/877f387a-36a3-486c-a0c1-b8d5fb69f85a via Natural History Museum (2023). Data Portal query on 1 resources created at 2023-05-24 11:19:42.032183 PID https://doi.org/10.5519/qd.bsucrxdz


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/HOSTS hash://md5/6e6fc201245791532a125a3bdc6fd74a. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416467


12




Gandhi, K. J. K., & Herms, D. A. (2009). North American arthropods at risk due to widespread Fraxinus mortality caused by the Alien Emerald ash borer. Biological Invasions, 12(6), 1839–1846. doi:10.1007/s10530-009-9594-1.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/gandhi2009 hash://md5/a5b097d44500be423f88551e3619d743. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416770


12




Meyer R.S., et al., Beach environmental DNA fills gaps in photographic biomonitoring to track spatiotemporal community turnover across 82 phyla. Environmental DNA, submitted June 3, 2019.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/species-interaction-dataset-inventory hash://md5/8dcdc413b12f966c34b57866482eff27. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416702


9
Consortium of Small Vertebrate Collections
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/csvcoll hash://md5/fd31cd52608022874645289511ec3e46. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17113239


9




Urban M, Cuzick A, Rutherford K, Irvine A, Pedro H, Pant R, Sadanadan V, Khamari L, Billal S, Mohanty S, Hammond-Kosack KE. PHI-base: a new interface and further additions for the multi-species pathogen-host interactions database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 4;45(D1):D604-D610. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw1089. Epub 2016 Dec 3. PMID:27915230


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within PHI-base/data hash://md5/ce0b67ad31fae240ecc4e2150ab66868. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416104


8
Sarah E Miller. 7/6/2016. Arctos collection.
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within millerse/Arctos hash://md5/55ca678493a724abe38a16d97be55214. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415799


5




International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). Year of The Stomach Datasets.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/ices hash://md5/fc343ebaf8d91e0ff37d2859f991cffd. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16417042


4




Sarah E Miller. 4/20/2015. Species associations manually extracted from various papers and articles from site https://repository.si.edu


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within millerse/Smithsonian-Repository-Interactions hash://md5/610570ac3d2a1efb53ce08805e79654c. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415595


4




Sarah E Miller. 5/28/2015. Arnaud, Paul Henri. A Host-parasite Catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, 1978.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within millerse/A-Host-parasite-Catalog-of-North-American-Tachinidae-Diptera- hash://md5/31c439607fb5700cdff30daa5a9de902. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415660


4




Sarah E Miller. 7/7/2016. Text gathered from Wirta, H.K., Vesterinen, E.J., Hambäck, P.A., Weingartner, E., Rasmussen, C., Reneerkens, J., Schmidt, N.M., Gilg, O. and Roslin, T., 2015. Exposing the structure of an Arctic food web. Ecology and evolution, 5(17), pp.3842-3856.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within millerse/Arctic-food-web hash://md5/c21985708124e07cbd6a406aee9bbaec. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415824


4




Semantic Prototypes in Research Ecoinformatics (SPIRE). Data provided by Joel Sachs. See also http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/get/a/publication/297.pdf .


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/spire hash://md5/8762e86fba571732b84e010be8c3714d. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416550


4
University of California Santa Barbara Herbarium
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/ucsb-cch hash://md5/50fa6c49da902ccfc969f7d4e988c928. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416735


3




Geiselman, Cullen K. and Tuli I. Defex. 2015. Bat Eco-Interactions Database. www.batplant.org


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/batplant hash://md5/54681320b16449dcaa27dff302343c21. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416977


3




Gippet, J.M.W., Bates, O.K., Moulin, J. et al. The global risk of infectious disease emergence from giant land snail invasion and pet trade. Parasites Vectors 16, 363 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-023-06000-y


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within jhpoelen/Gippet2023_GiantLandSnails hash://md5/65a3804d52e605937c5568270dd7e63c. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416233


3




Jorrit H. Poelen. 2017. Species interactions associated with known species interaction datasets.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/species-interaction-dataset-inventory hash://md5/8dcdc413b12f966c34b57866482eff27. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416702


3
Ministerio del Ambiente, Agua y Transición Ecológica de Ecuador - MAATE.
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/maate hash://md5/0216ed61272eb984ddb3f47406d25882. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17113221


3




Sarah E Miller. 9/15/2016. Species associations extracted from http://parasiticplants.siu.edu/index.html.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within millerse/parasitic-plant-connection hash://md5/cd1e9b5cda7ee82e55fc1c2522559481. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415790


3
Sarah E Miller. 9/3/2015. Species associations manually extracted from JSTOR.
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within millerse/Jstor-Collecton hash://md5/de71f5976b7b2aaa15f704584dda1898. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415760


3




Schriml, L. M., Arze, C., Nadendla, S., Ganapathy, A., Felix, V., Mahurkar, A., … Hall, N. (2009). GeMInA, Genomic Metadata for Infectious Agents, a geospatial surveillance pathogen database. Nucleic Acids Research, 38(Database), D754–D764. doi:10.1093/nar/gkp832


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/gemina hash://md5/daec22aad6df8d070d97926a4d4785c5. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416870


2
Carnegie Invertebrate Zoology Collection
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Darwin Core Archive Shared by <collectionName>Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Section of Invertebrate Zoology</collectionName>, Including a Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names hash://md5/362dd13b144d20a15956fff1590ace34. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416469


2




F. Gabriel. Muñoz. 2017. Palm-Animal frugivore associations extracted from literature with Biodiversity Observations Miner for SouthEast Asia.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within fgabriel1891/Plant-Frugivore-Interactions-SouthEastAsia hash://md5/65606068d2803bf77ba465ae17144710. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416107


2




Ferrer-Paris, José R.; Sánchez-Mercado, Ada Y.; Lozano, Cecilia; Zambrano, Liset; Soto, José; Baettig, Jessica; Leal, María (2014): A compilation of larval host-plant records for six families of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) from available electronic resources. figshare. http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1168861


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/ferrer-paris hash://md5/c89402d7e3b909acbb47ce928f22b8f4. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416750


2




Paleo Digitization Working Group. Biological associations extracted from fossil specimens.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within jhpoelen/paleo-interactions-test hash://md5/307f55aeff9a78f2a57bd040ef78455d. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416273


2
Quentin J. Groom. 2020. Bat interation data manually extracted from literature.
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within ekrimmel/paleo-interactions-test hash://md5/7ed81623aa62ef4cd19d5bc9b56638dd. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415977


2




Sarah E. Miller. 04/14/2015. Extracted from literature Scott, J.A. 1986.  The Butterflies of North America.  Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within millerse/The-Butterflies-of-North-America hash://md5/3993aebad5a04be82adc80562b855537. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16415726


2




Strona, G., Palomares, M. L. D., Bailly, N., Galli, P., & Lafferty, K. D. (2013). Host range, host ecology, and distribution of more than 11 800 fish parasite species. Ecology, 94(2), 544–544. doi:10.1890/12-1419.1


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/strona hash://md5/74b4ee1a8508bc4baa904f176ce1d85d. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416621


2
Thessen AE. 2017. Biotic Interactions in Greenland. GloBI. 10.5281/zenodo.266824
Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within diatomsRcool/greenland_interactions hash://md5/3f91b3e9e7812c5c2180079bc5b9fbaf. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416120


1




Bourlat SJ, Koch M, Kirse A, Langen K, Espeland M, Giebner H, Decher J, Ssymank A, Fonseca VG (2023) Metabarcoding dietary analysis in the insectivorous bat Nyctalus leisleri and implications for conservation. Biodiversity Data Journal 11: e111146. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.11.e111146


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/bourlat2023 hash://md5/1ab037712f7c93b30182e92e6325063e. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416824


1




De Rojas M, Doña J, Dimov I (2020) A comprehensive survey of Rhinonyssid mites (Mesostigmata: Rhinonyssidae) in Northwest Russia: New mite-host associations and prevalence data. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e49535. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e49535


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Sarah E Miller. 3/4/2015. Species associations manually extracted from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2009.00907.x/suppinfo.


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Sarah E Miller. 5/21/2015. Text gathered from http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/
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Vanderweyen, A., & Fraiture, A. (2009). Catalogue des Uredinales de Belgique, 1re partie, Chaconiaceae, Coleosporiaceae, Cronartiaceae, Melampsoraceae, Phragmidiaceae, Pucciniastraceae, Raveneliaceae et Uropyxidaceae. Lejeunia, Revue de Botanique|Vanderweyen, A., & Fraiture, A. (2009). Catalogue des Uredinales de Belgique, 2ème partie, Pucciniaceae (sauf Puccinia)(suite 2). Lejeunia, Revue de Botanique.|Vanderweyen, A., & Fraiture, A. (2012). CATALOGUE DES UREDINALES DE Belgique 3ème partie Pucciniaceae (genre Puccinia). Lejeunia, Revue de Botanique.


Elton, Nomer, & Preston. (2025). Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within jhpoelen/uredinales-belgium-checklist hash://md5/296a8a1755c559023989f0d3b1ac7b4d. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16416280


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References

Poelen JH, Simons JD, Mungall CJ (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.005

Seltmann KC, Allen J, Brown BV, Carper A, Engel MS, Franz N, Gilbert E, Grinter C, Gonzalez VH, Horsley P, Lee S, Maier C, Miko I, Morris P, Oboyski P, Pierce NE, Poelen J, Scott VL, Smith M, Talamas EJ, Tsutsui ND, Tucker E (2021) Announcing Big-Bee: An initiative to promote understanding of bees through image and trait digitization. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 5: e74037. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.5.74037

Poelen, JS & Seltmann, KS (2024) Bees Only Please: Bees Only Please: Selecting Hundreds of Thousands of Possible Bee Interactions Using a Laptop, Open Datasets, and Small (but Mighty) Commandline Tools. https://www.globalbioticinteractions.org/2024/06/07/bees-only-please

Ascher, J. S. and J. Pickering (2020) Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?guide=Apoidea_species.

Acknowledgements

This project is supported by the National Science Foundation. Award numbers: DBI:2102006, DBI:2101929, DBI:2101908, DBI:2101876, DBI:2101875, DBI:2101851, DBI:2101345, DBI:2101913, DBI:2101891 and DBI:2101850 
description: Please cite the resources, natural history collections and publications where the data originated as found in uniq_citations.tsv file above. Also, please cite Poelen et. al (above in References) to cite Global Biotic Interactions.