cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.4121/e8e6861a-7ab0-4b6d-bd67-5f95029322c5.v6
title: Supplementary data for the paper "Why psychologists should not default to Welch’s t-test instead of Student’s t-test (and why the Anderson–Darling test is an underused alternative)"

description: The choice between Student’s <em>t</em>-test (IT) and Welch’s t-test (WT) represents a central debate in statistical practice. This paper provides a re-evaluation of their performance by examining the combined effects of unequal variances, skewed distributions, and disparate sample sizes. For normal distributions, we confirm that the WT maintains the false positive rate close to the nominal level when sample sizes and standard deviations are unequal. However, the WT was found to yield inflated false positive rates under skewed distributions with unequal sample sizes. A complementary empirical study based on gender differences in two psychological scales corroborated these findings. Finally, we contend that the null hypothesis of unequal variances together with equal means is often implausible to begin with, and that empirically, a difference in means typically coincides with differences in variance and skewness. An additional analysis using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Anderson-Darling tests shows that examining entire distributions, rather than just their means, can provide a suitable alternative when facing unequal variances or skewed distributions. Given these results, researchers should remain cautious with software defaults favoring Welch’s test.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.sbazc4
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 44027 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Amaranthus blitum, Amaranthus spinosus)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 44027 records from 990 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0014583-251025141854904/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.yzm2ju
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 4 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Trichotichnus sataensis Habu & Nakane, 1955",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Country is Japan",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 4 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0223636-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.d47sqr
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 6482 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "VerbatimScientificName is Tadorna cana",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Machine Observation, Human Observation)",
 "Year 2011-2021",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen, Specimen, Material citation, Material sample)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 6482 records from 13 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0086754-230530130749713/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.cr8sz8
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 291 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Pionus menstruus menstruus"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 291 records from 27 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0109046-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.hnc7vc
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1581 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Spain",
 "TaxonKey is Marmota Blumenbach, 1779"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1581 records from 13 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0288157-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ezc5h6
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Koelpinia deflexa Stscheg."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001827-230530130749713/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.4dxkr6
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 22 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Kegeliella kupperi Mansf."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 22 records from 12 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000934-230530130749713/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ux739s
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 94 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Ferdinandea cuprea (Scopoli, 1763)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Country is Japan",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 94 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0223647-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.audfhf
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 225 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Pionus menstruus rubrigularis Cabanis, 1881"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 225 records from 23 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0109064-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xrdfjx
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Isometopus hananoi Hasegawa, 1946",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Country is Japan",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0223638-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ufsa57
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 9182 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaudich.) Ching"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 9182 records from 318 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0245317-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.2gws9v
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Anapistula ishikawai Ono, 2002",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Country is Japan",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0223639-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.9p5r57
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Nesticus karyuensis Yaginuma, 1980",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Country is Japan",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0218532-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7v56hg
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1710 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Koelpinia linearis Pall."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1710 records from 96 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001828-230530130749713/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.cavq7d
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 47545 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Campephilus melanoleucos (J.F.Gmelin, 1788)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 47545 records from 155 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0245314-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5me3uk
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 64 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Xanthorhoe designata (Hufnagel, 1767)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Country is Japan",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 64 records from 10 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0223643-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.yf7vgt
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 38 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Pionus menstruus reichenowi Heine, 1884"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 38 records from 7 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0109087-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.tstvqy
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Bagous yamazakii O'Brien & Morimoto, 1995",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Country is Japan",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0223648-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.55nrys
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 68286 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Syrphus Fabricius, 1775"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 68286 records from 372 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0245318-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.j9vs46
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 56667 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Continent is Europe",
 "Year is greater than 1978",
 "Year is less than 2014",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Triglochin palustris L."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 56667 records from 292 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0109101-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.uqqbff
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Siobla apicalis Takeuchi, 1929",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Country is Japan",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0223646-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.defm86
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Clubiona haeinsensis Paik, 1990",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Country is Japan",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0223641-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.bzn4ua
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Bolivia (Plurinational State of)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Myotis dinellii Thomas, 1902"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0245324-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.4gz3u5
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 635 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Kohautia amatymbica Eckl. & Zeyh."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 635 records from 28 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001848-230530130749713/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.qtmta2
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Stenus takedai Naomi, 1990",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Country is Japan",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0223650-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.9hkt8y
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 4665 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "DatasetKey is one of (iNaturalist Research-grade Observations, Pl@ntNet automatically identified occurrences, Pl@ntNet observations, NCSM Ichthyology Collection, USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database, NCSM Mollusk Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Herbarium: Vascular Plants, NCSM Mammalogy Collection, Great Backyard Bird Count)",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-80.07332 36.10254,-79.92074 36.10254,-79.92074 36.18537,-80.07332 36.18537,-80.07332 36.10254))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 4665 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0245321-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.y53pjh
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Onthophagus bivertex Heyden, 1887",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Country is Japan",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0223652-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.p8hn8c
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 5416 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Mexico",
 "TaxonKey is Cupressus L."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 5416 records from 147 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0048002-230530130749713/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.63pefs
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Human Observation",
 "ScientificName is one of (Sambucus canadensis, Morus rubra, Laportea canadensis, Juglans nigra, Asclepias syriaca, Achillea millefolium, Opuntia humifusa, Callicarpa americana)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Country is United States of America",
 "DatasetId is 50c9509d-22c7-4a22-a47d-8c48425ef4a7",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-85.6082 34.9974,-84.7266 34.9906,-84.1580 34.9895,-83.1088 34.9996,-83.1418 34.9287,-83.3025 34.8318,-83.3560 34.7281,-83.3080 34.6569,-83.1528 34.5744,-83.0072 34.4839,-82.8918 34.4681,-82.8589 34.4443,-82.7490 34.2674,-82.6831 34.1254,-82.5952 34.0140,-82.3988 33.8647,-82.2505 33.7563,-82.2217 33.6695,-82.1558 33.5963,-82.0432 33.5036,-81.9484 33.3707,-81.8303 33.2077,-81.7795 33.1674,-81.7424 33.1456,-81.6078 33.0881,-81.5034 33.0075,-81.5089 32.9418,-81.4142 32.6914,-81.4087 32.5815,-81.2769 32.5283,-81.1945 32.4576,-81.1642 32.3185,-81.1436 32.2151,-81.1134 32.1128,-80.9225 32.0477,-80.6960 32.0500,-80.7289 31.8881,-80.9665 31.4697,-81.1011 30.9988,-81.2288 30.7041,-81.6023 30.7241,-81.7657 30.7713,-81.9498 30.8221,-82.0239 30.7560,-82.0459 30.6379,-82.0239 30.4866,-82.0363 30.4309,-82.0610 30.3575,-82.1585 30.3598,-82.2025 30.3859,-82.2148 30.4842,-82.2162 30.5682,-82.9688 30.6131,-84.8639 30.7041,-84.9257 30.7831,-84.9586 30.9117,-84.9985 30.9741,-85.0630 31.1282,-85.1070 31.2116,-85.0493 31.5247,-85.1358 31.8006,-85.0919 31.9592,-85.0342 32.1570,-84.9023 32.2500,-84.9628 32.3974,-85.0342 32.5468,-85.1001 32.6949,-85.1660 32.8138,-85.2072 32.9833,-85.3418 33.6512,-85.5231 34.5620,-85.6068 34.9929,-85.6082 34.9974))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001842-230530130749713/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.76uxc2
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 21 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Primula prolifera Wall.)",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 21 records from 10 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0066734-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.swmk29
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 36013 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Trichechus manatus Linnaeus, 1758"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 36013 records from 133 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0255041-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.tjnaf9
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 113 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Continent is Asia",
 "Country is India",
 "DatasetKey is one of (SeasonWatch - Tree Phenology Dataset (India), Naturalis Biodiversity Center (NL) - Botany, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew - Economic Botany Collection Specimens, NMNH Extant Specimen Records (USNM, US), Meise Botanic Garden Herbarium (BR), General Herbarium – Cryptogamy & Phanerogamy (CJBG-G) of Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de Genève, India Biodiversity Portal publication grade dataset, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew - Herbarium Specimens, BARO Herbarium, The M.S University of Baroda, The vascular plants collection (P) at the Herbarium of the Muséum national d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN - Paris))",
 "GbifRegion is Asia",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-180 -90,180 -90,180 90,-180 90,-180 -90))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Albizia odoratissima (L.f.) Benth."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 113 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007113-250426092105405/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.pg4wkm
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 46 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Alpheus bellulus"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 46 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008265-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.rmf5hu
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 517 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Brassica gravinae"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 517 records from 49 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008264-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.pkvpm2
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Chenopodium pumilio",
 "Country is Bulgaria",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008269-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.qmbz37
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 7514 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Colombia",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-75.85983 6.6185,-75.89701 6.6223,-76.03205 6.63611,-76.04977 6.28128,-75.81298 6.26996,-75.83197 6.35302,-75.90355 6.52161,-75.85983 6.6185))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "Year 2011-2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 7514 records from 20 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008267-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.3r2tvd
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 338 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Helichrysum picardii"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 338 records from 35 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008266-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.n3cz4s
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 727 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Clematis florida"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 727 records from 101 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008268-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5bfg4w
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 165 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Julus terrestris"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 165 records from 23 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008270-250711103210423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.