cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9985616
title: Plant health and quality of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis seedlings receiving phosphite and silicon application

description: ABSTRACT The forest sector is one of the major contributors in social, economic and environmental terms to Brazil. Considering this sector, eucalyptus planting is the most important of the segment, representing 5.56 million hectares. The first step in the eucalyptus forest establishment process is seedling production, which in Brazil is done through cloning, ensuring the quality of the seedlings planted in the nursery. However, one of the main challenges in nurseries is pathogen control and the variety of eucalyptus species and hybrids that are susceptible to disease. The use of phosphite and silicon is hypothesized to decrease bacteriosis severity level and maintain seedling quality in forest nurseries. Therefore, to test these hypotheses, this study aimed to verify the effect of phosphite and silicon application on bacteriosis control and Eucalyptus urograndis seedling quality in a commercial nursery. Experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates and ten treatments (“Zincazot”, “Fitofós-Cu”, “Fitofós-K”, “Fitofós-Zn-Mn”, “Silamol”, “Amorux”, “Fitofós-Cu + Terra-sorb”, “Fitofós-K + Terra sorb”, “Fitofós-Zn-Mn + Terra Sorb”, and control); each replicate consisted of a tray containing 176 seedlings including control, which did not receive any application. The applications were performed on the leaves, from seven days before ministumps were collected from the mini-clonal garden until seedlings completed 120 days old. Results were compared according to Tukey’s test at 5% probability. Application of products containing phosphite and silicon did not reduce the severity of bacteriosis caused by Xanthonomas sp. in Eucalyptus urograndis seedlings in the nursery. There was no significant effect of treatments on the evaluated quality patterns. At 120 days, seedlings of all treatments, except control, had adequate survival rate, evidencing a positive effect of treatments on this variable, which is of great economic importance for a commercial nursery.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279181.v1
title: Irrigation management strategies for reducing verticillium wilt severity in eggplants

description: ABSTRACT Verticillium wilt in eggplants is a root disease of difficult control. In this study, we report the relationship between soil water availability and the disease intensity in order to identify management strategies that are unfavourable to the pathogen and capable of reducing the disease progression and the damage caused by it. Four irrigation management strategies were compared in soil infested or not infested with Verticillium dahliae, which consisted of: irrigating when the available soil moisture was maintained at 90% (WA90%), 55% (WA55%) and 20% (WA20%) during the entire growing cycle, and kept at 20% in the vegetative stage, and at 90% in the production stage (WA20-90%). Experimental design was in randomized blocks, including eight treatments in factorial arrangement (4x2) and three replicates. The management strategy WA20-90% led to a significant reduction in the disease severity and in the extent of xylem colonization by the pathogen. The dry mass of plants in infested soil was 12% lower than that of control treatments and was higher with the irrigation strategy WA90% than with WA55% or WA20%. The strategy WA20-90% was efficient in reducing the disease with no significant reduction in dry mass.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7942433
title: Addition of mancozeb to the fungicide mixtures DMI + QoI and SDHI + QoI on the control of wheat leaf blights

description: ABSTRACT Wheat leaf blights caused by Drechslera siccans, D. tritici-repentis, especially D. tritici-repentis, are difficult to be controlled by site-specific fungicide mixtures. Due to development of resistance, the use of double site-specific mixtures has shown control inferior to 50%. In an experiment conducted in the field with the wheat cultivar Jadeite 11, in 3 x 6 m plots and four replicates, the effect of a muli-site fungicide added to fungicide mixtures on the control of leaf blights was evaluated. The effect of the following mixtures was evaluated: picoxystrobin + cyproconazole, kresoxim-methyl + epoxiconazole, azoxystrobin + cyproconazole, pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole, pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad, trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole and azoxystrobin + propiconazole, added of five mancozeb levels, 0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5 and 3.0 kg/ha. The first application occurred after 30% leaf incidence, and the remaining two occurred at 15 and 18-day intervals. The fungicides were applied with a backpack sprayer pressurized by CO2, delivering 180 L/ha. Leaf blights severity was quantified, control was calculated, the percentage of chlorophyll in flag leaves was determined, and grain yield was assessed. The mean control of leaf blights by the mixtures without addition of the multi-site fungicide was 44%. The disease severity reduced as a function of the addition of mancozeb levels for all treatments. Control superior to 80% was obtained with the mixtures kresoxim methyl + epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole, both added at least 2.0 kg/ha mancozeb. There was a positive reflex on the increase in wheat grain yield as a function of control, varying from 3005 kg/ha for the best treatment to 2026 kg/ha for control.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7942433.v1
title: Addition of mancozeb to the fungicide mixtures DMI + QoI and SDHI + QoI on the control of wheat leaf blights

description: ABSTRACT Wheat leaf blights caused by Drechslera siccans, D. tritici-repentis, especially D. tritici-repentis, are difficult to be controlled by site-specific fungicide mixtures. Due to development of resistance, the use of double site-specific mixtures has shown control inferior to 50%. In an experiment conducted in the field with the wheat cultivar Jadeite 11, in 3 x 6 m plots and four replicates, the effect of a muli-site fungicide added to fungicide mixtures on the control of leaf blights was evaluated. The effect of the following mixtures was evaluated: picoxystrobin + cyproconazole, kresoxim-methyl + epoxiconazole, azoxystrobin + cyproconazole, pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole, pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad, trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole and azoxystrobin + propiconazole, added of five mancozeb levels, 0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5 and 3.0 kg/ha. The first application occurred after 30% leaf incidence, and the remaining two occurred at 15 and 18-day intervals. The fungicides were applied with a backpack sprayer pressurized by CO2, delivering 180 L/ha. Leaf blights severity was quantified, control was calculated, the percentage of chlorophyll in flag leaves was determined, and grain yield was assessed. The mean control of leaf blights by the mixtures without addition of the multi-site fungicide was 44%. The disease severity reduced as a function of the addition of mancozeb levels for all treatments. Control superior to 80% was obtained with the mixtures kresoxim methyl + epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole, both added at least 2.0 kg/ha mancozeb. There was a positive reflex on the increase in wheat grain yield as a function of control, varying from 3005 kg/ha for the best treatment to 2026 kg/ha for control.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9985616.v1
title: Plant health and quality of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis seedlings receiving phosphite and silicon application

description: ABSTRACT The forest sector is one of the major contributors in social, economic and environmental terms to Brazil. Considering this sector, eucalyptus planting is the most important of the segment, representing 5.56 million hectares. The first step in the eucalyptus forest establishment process is seedling production, which in Brazil is done through cloning, ensuring the quality of the seedlings planted in the nursery. However, one of the main challenges in nurseries is pathogen control and the variety of eucalyptus species and hybrids that are susceptible to disease. The use of phosphite and silicon is hypothesized to decrease bacteriosis severity level and maintain seedling quality in forest nurseries. Therefore, to test these hypotheses, this study aimed to verify the effect of phosphite and silicon application on bacteriosis control and Eucalyptus urograndis seedling quality in a commercial nursery. Experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates and ten treatments (“Zincazot”, “Fitofós-Cu”, “Fitofós-K”, “Fitofós-Zn-Mn”, “Silamol”, “Amorux”, “Fitofós-Cu + Terra-sorb”, “Fitofós-K + Terra sorb”, “Fitofós-Zn-Mn + Terra Sorb”, and control); each replicate consisted of a tray containing 176 seedlings including control, which did not receive any application. The applications were performed on the leaves, from seven days before ministumps were collected from the mini-clonal garden until seedlings completed 120 days old. Results were compared according to Tukey’s test at 5% probability. Application of products containing phosphite and silicon did not reduce the severity of bacteriosis caused by Xanthonomas sp. in Eucalyptus urograndis seedlings in the nursery. There was no significant effect of treatments on the evaluated quality patterns. At 120 days, seedlings of all treatments, except control, had adequate survival rate, evidencing a positive effect of treatments on this variable, which is of great economic importance for a commercial nursery.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279183.v1
title: Management of Meloidogyne exigua in rubber trees with biological and chemical products

description: ABSTRACT To better understand the management of Meloidogyne exigua in rubber trees, two control methods for rubber tree decline, chemical and biological methods, were tested in the field. Thus, the present study evaluated the response of six treatments: T1 – Control, T2 – Paecilomyces lilacinus + Trichoderma harzianum (300 g ha-1 each), T3 – Trichoderma asperelloides (1 g L-1) + Bacillus subtilis (1 mL L-1) + Bacillus methylotrophicus (2 mL L-1), T4 – Cadusafos (15 L ha-1), T5 – Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus licheniformis (1.0 to 1.5 kg ha-1) and T6 – Fluensulfone (3 L ha-1) and their potential action on nematodes. In addition, a possible increase in latex production due to treatments was studied, as well as a possible relationship between infestation and diameter increment in rubber trees. The experiment was conducted in a farm located in the region of “Triângulo Mineiro”, Minas Gerais State. The study was established in a randomized block design, with six treatments and five replicates. Four samplings were performed to determine nematode population density in pre and post-applications up to 30 days after the last application. The samples were stored in plastic bags and taken to the Nematology Laboratory at Federal University of Uberlândia for analysis. Reproduction factor, latex yield and mean diameter of the trees were evaluated. T5 and T2 reduced the reproduction factor, compared to the other treatments. None of the evaluated products demonstrated efficacy for the productivity characteristics: kg ha-1, kg tree-1 and kg plot-1, suggesting that recommendation of the products is not justifiable yet for this characteristic. Mean diameters of plots were not influenced by the used treatments either.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9986423
title: In vitro sporulation and inoculation of Exserohilum turcicum in corn

description: ABSTRACT Helminthosporiosis is among the major corn diseases. Two experiments were carried out with the aim of evaluating fungal sporulation in different culture media, inoculation methods and inoculum concentrations for Exserohilum turcicum. For sporulation in different culture media, six different substrata were tested: potato sucrose agar (BSA), maize leaf extract (FM), potato dextrose agar (PDA), V8 juice agar (V8), lactose casein hydrolysate agar (LCHA) and semi-selective medium De Rossi and Reis (DRR) subjected to two light regimes, 12 hours photoperiod and continuous dark. In the second assay, two inoculation methods were evaluated: spray and deposition of the inoculum in the seedling cartridge, testing the concentrations of 5x103, 10x103, 15x103 20x103, 25x103 conidia / mL, and in the second one, 0.5 mL at the concentration of 20x103 conidia/mL were deposited in the cartridges. For both methods, inoculation was done in stage V4 (fourth expanded leaf, showing collar, ligule and visible auricles) and kept in a humid chamber for 24 hours at the temperature of 25 0C. Fifteen days after inoculation, the estimated severity and the lesion area were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates, and data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression. The highest number of conidia.cm-2 was obtained in the DRR medium, independent of the light regime. The spray method was effective at the concentrations of 15x103, 20x103 and 25x103 conidia/mL.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9986423.v1
title: In vitro sporulation and inoculation of Exserohilum turcicum in corn

description: ABSTRACT Helminthosporiosis is among the major corn diseases. Two experiments were carried out with the aim of evaluating fungal sporulation in different culture media, inoculation methods and inoculum concentrations for Exserohilum turcicum. For sporulation in different culture media, six different substrata were tested: potato sucrose agar (BSA), maize leaf extract (FM), potato dextrose agar (PDA), V8 juice agar (V8), lactose casein hydrolysate agar (LCHA) and semi-selective medium De Rossi and Reis (DRR) subjected to two light regimes, 12 hours photoperiod and continuous dark. In the second assay, two inoculation methods were evaluated: spray and deposition of the inoculum in the seedling cartridge, testing the concentrations of 5x103, 10x103, 15x103 20x103, 25x103 conidia / mL, and in the second one, 0.5 mL at the concentration of 20x103 conidia/mL were deposited in the cartridges. For both methods, inoculation was done in stage V4 (fourth expanded leaf, showing collar, ligule and visible auricles) and kept in a humid chamber for 24 hours at the temperature of 25 0C. Fifteen days after inoculation, the estimated severity and the lesion area were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates, and data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression. The highest number of conidia.cm-2 was obtained in the DRR medium, independent of the light regime. The spray method was effective at the concentrations of 15x103, 20x103 and 25x103 conidia/mL.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279183
title: Management of Meloidogyne exigua in rubber trees with biological and chemical products

description: ABSTRACT To better understand the management of Meloidogyne exigua in rubber trees, two control methods for rubber tree decline, chemical and biological methods, were tested in the field. Thus, the present study evaluated the response of six treatments: T1 – Control, T2 – Paecilomyces lilacinus + Trichoderma harzianum (300 g ha-1 each), T3 – Trichoderma asperelloides (1 g L-1) + Bacillus subtilis (1 mL L-1) + Bacillus methylotrophicus (2 mL L-1), T4 – Cadusafos (15 L ha-1), T5 – Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus licheniformis (1.0 to 1.5 kg ha-1) and T6 – Fluensulfone (3 L ha-1) and their potential action on nematodes. In addition, a possible increase in latex production due to treatments was studied, as well as a possible relationship between infestation and diameter increment in rubber trees. The experiment was conducted in a farm located in the region of “Triângulo Mineiro”, Minas Gerais State. The study was established in a randomized block design, with six treatments and five replicates. Four samplings were performed to determine nematode population density in pre and post-applications up to 30 days after the last application. The samples were stored in plastic bags and taken to the Nematology Laboratory at Federal University of Uberlândia for analysis. Reproduction factor, latex yield and mean diameter of the trees were evaluated. T5 and T2 reduced the reproduction factor, compared to the other treatments. None of the evaluated products demonstrated efficacy for the productivity characteristics: kg ha-1, kg tree-1 and kg plot-1, suggesting that recommendation of the products is not justifiable yet for this characteristic. Mean diameters of plots were not influenced by the used treatments either.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7942457
title: Comparison of the efficacy of QoI fungicides, alone or in mixture with triazoles, in Asian soybean rust control, 2016/17 growing season

description: ABSTRACT Evolution has been reported for the reduction in Phakopsora pachyrhizi sensitivity to the mixtures of the three site-specific mechanisms of action (DMIs, QoIs and SDHIs) used in its control. The aim of this study was to quantify the current contribution of QoIs, alone or in mixture with triazoles, in the control of Asian soybean rust. In an experiment carried out in the field, the efficacy of quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs), or strobilurins, was compared for Asian soybean rust control. The isolated effects of four doses of azoxystrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin were evaluated, as well as of four applications during the crop cycle. Control by commercial mixtures of these QoIs with triazoles was also compared. Severity was evaluated in four phenological stages, and control was calculated based on final severity data, area under rust progress curve, defoliation, one-thousand-grain mass, grain yield and damage caused by the disease. The lowest mean of rust control efficacy resulted from applications of azoxystrobin (15.8 and 11.19%) and pyraclostrobin (15.4 and 16.76%) and the highest mean was found for picoxystrobin (54.1 and 54.35 %) and trifloxystrobin (69.7 and 64.46%), calculated based on final severity and AUDPC, respectively. Such efficacy is not enough to cover the fungicide application cost, although there was a positive effect of treatments on disease control and grain yield.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7942457.v1
title: Comparison of the efficacy of QoI fungicides, alone or in mixture with triazoles, in Asian soybean rust control, 2016/17 growing season

description: ABSTRACT Evolution has been reported for the reduction in Phakopsora pachyrhizi sensitivity to the mixtures of the three site-specific mechanisms of action (DMIs, QoIs and SDHIs) used in its control. The aim of this study was to quantify the current contribution of QoIs, alone or in mixture with triazoles, in the control of Asian soybean rust. In an experiment carried out in the field, the efficacy of quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs), or strobilurins, was compared for Asian soybean rust control. The isolated effects of four doses of azoxystrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin were evaluated, as well as of four applications during the crop cycle. Control by commercial mixtures of these QoIs with triazoles was also compared. Severity was evaluated in four phenological stages, and control was calculated based on final severity data, area under rust progress curve, defoliation, one-thousand-grain mass, grain yield and damage caused by the disease. The lowest mean of rust control efficacy resulted from applications of azoxystrobin (15.8 and 11.19%) and pyraclostrobin (15.4 and 16.76%) and the highest mean was found for picoxystrobin (54.1 and 54.35 %) and trifloxystrobin (69.7 and 64.46%), calculated based on final severity and AUDPC, respectively. Such efficacy is not enough to cover the fungicide application cost, although there was a positive effect of treatments on disease control and grain yield.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279186
title: Viability of seed-borne fungi Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Drechslera teres in barley seeds in the south of Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Some seed-borne fungi can survive in barley seeds; nevertheless, their survival period is unknown in barley seeds under storage conditions in Brazil. The aim of this study was to quantify the viability of the fungi Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Drechslera teres in barley seeds stored for 315 days during the off-season in the south region of Brazil. Each cultivar had 400 seeds disinfested and subjected to seed health testing in potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) from December 2011 to September 2012 at 35-day intervals. Data on fungal incidence and viability as a function of the storage time underwent regression analysis. All three fungi were detected in the five cultivars in all evaluated periods, and their incidence and viability significantly reduced with increasing storage periods. Monthly average reduction in the viability of A. alternata was 8%, while that of B. sorokiniana and D. teres was 10%. At the end of the off-season, viability of A. alternata, B. sorokiniana and D. teres, considering the average of cultivars, remained 49.8, 29.6 and 31.0%, respectively.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7942379
title: Plant materials applied to the agroecological management of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants

description: ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fresh leaves of leucaena, cassava and castor bean, applied as cover fertilizers, on the control of M. incognita in tomato plants and on the development of these plants under greenhouse conditions. The materials were applied to the soil surface at 30 days after seed germination and, after 10 days, the plant growth substrate was infested. Plants grown on non-infested soil were used to evaluate the effect of the materials on the development of tomato plants. In both tests, 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 g fresh leaves of leucaena, cassava and castor bean were applied per kg of soil as independent treatments. The evaluation occurred at 45 days after the application of plant materials. In treatments where the soil was infested, the plant materials increased root and shoot fresh mass of the tomato plants and inhibited the reproduction of the pathogen. There was a reduction in the number of eggs, a reduction in the reproduction factor, gall index and egg mass index of M. incognita in the plants of treatments that had plant material, regardless of the used concentration. The materials increased the development of plants and this increase was more pronounced when they were cultivated in the presence of leucaena, at all concentrations of the plant material. These results indicate the potential of such plant materials on the sustainable control of root-knot nematode in tomato plants.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279186.v1
title: Viability of seed-borne fungi Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Drechslera teres in barley seeds in the south of Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Some seed-borne fungi can survive in barley seeds; nevertheless, their survival period is unknown in barley seeds under storage conditions in Brazil. The aim of this study was to quantify the viability of the fungi Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Drechslera teres in barley seeds stored for 315 days during the off-season in the south region of Brazil. Each cultivar had 400 seeds disinfested and subjected to seed health testing in potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) from December 2011 to September 2012 at 35-day intervals. Data on fungal incidence and viability as a function of the storage time underwent regression analysis. All three fungi were detected in the five cultivars in all evaluated periods, and their incidence and viability significantly reduced with increasing storage periods. Monthly average reduction in the viability of A. alternata was 8%, while that of B. sorokiniana and D. teres was 10%. At the end of the off-season, viability of A. alternata, B. sorokiniana and D. teres, considering the average of cultivars, remained 49.8, 29.6 and 31.0%, respectively.