cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13008179
title: Applying Popperian falsifiability to geodynamic hypotheses: empirical testing of the episodic crustal/zircon production hypothesis and selective preservation hypothesis

description: Even though Earth scientists widely recognize the episodic distribution of zircon ages, the cause of the episodes remains unresolved. Two competing explanations have emerged. Some interpret zircon age peaks as pulses of continental crust production, whereas others suspect production remains relatively constant with the episodes caused by variable preservation potential. However, in their current forms, neither hypothesis contains enough details to rigorously test them on a global scale. Here, we integrate existing ideas of continental evolution into a reduced hypothesis of episodic zircon production coupled with proportionate zircon destruction. We treat global zircon destruction as being random from the collective destructive processes of surface weathering and erosion, delamination of lower continental crust and mantle lithosphere, and subduction. Using Popperian falsifiability as a framework, we interpret selective preservation and present a testable version of it. Likewise, we present an episodic zircon production hypothesis accompanied with testable postulates. Next, both geodynamical hypotheses are tested using standard statistical approaches. The results falsify our interpretation of selective preservation in ten ways and supports the hypothesis of episodic global zircon production coupled with proportionate global zircon destruction.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13008179.v1
title: Applying Popperian falsifiability to geodynamic hypotheses: empirical testing of the episodic crustal/zircon production hypothesis and selective preservation hypothesis

description: Even though Earth scientists widely recognize the episodic distribution of zircon ages, the cause of the episodes remains unresolved. Two competing explanations have emerged. Some interpret zircon age peaks as pulses of continental crust production, whereas others suspect production remains relatively constant with the episodes caused by variable preservation potential. However, in their current forms, neither hypothesis contains enough details to rigorously test them on a global scale. Here, we integrate existing ideas of continental evolution into a reduced hypothesis of episodic zircon production coupled with proportionate zircon destruction. We treat global zircon destruction as being random from the collective destructive processes of surface weathering and erosion, delamination of lower continental crust and mantle lithosphere, and subduction. Using Popperian falsifiability as a framework, we interpret selective preservation and present a testable version of it. Likewise, we present an episodic zircon production hypothesis accompanied with testable postulates. Next, both geodynamical hypotheses are tested using standard statistical approaches. The results falsify our interpretation of selective preservation in ten ways and supports the hypothesis of episodic global zircon production coupled with proportionate global zircon destruction.
DOI: 10.7284/134614
title: pCO2 (Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide) data collected during research cruise LMG1901 using a LDEO pCO2 instrument system onboard the platform RV Laurence M. Gould

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.7284/134602
title: Radiometer data collected during research cruise LMG1901 using a Biospherical GUV-2511 instrument system onboard the platform RV Laurence M. Gould

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.7284/134606
title: Singlebeam Echosounder data collected during research cruise LMG1901 using a Knudsen 3260 instrument system onboard the platform RV Laurence M. Gould

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.7284/134610
title: Water Temperature data collected during research cruise LMG1901 using a Sea-Bird SBE-38 instrument system onboard the platform RV Laurence M. Gould

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.7284/134608
title: TSG (Thermosalinograph) data collected during research cruise LMG1901 using a Sea-Bird SBE-45 instrument system onboard the platform RV Laurence M. Gould

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12952235.v1
title: Progressive development of E-W extension across the Tibetan plateau: A case study of the Thakkhola graben, west-central Nepal

description: The Thakkhola graben is a large-scale N-S striking, E-W extensional structure located in west-central Nepal that was actively extending ca. 17 Ma. New multi-system geochronological data from the immediate footwall of the Dangardzong fault, the main graben-forming structure in the Thakkhola graben, outline decelerating cooling paths. The cooling rate of the footwall progressively decreases from 55 ± 10°C/Myr in the early Miocene (~22–13 Ma, monazite U-Th/Pb, mica <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar and zircon U-Th/He), to 23 ± 8°C/Myr in the middle to late Miocene (~13-8 Ma, zircon and apatite U-Th/He), and finally to 10 ± 2°C/Myr from 8 Ma to present day (cooling post apatite U-Th/He closure). The deceleration in cooling rate is interpreted to reflect the widespread development of N-S striking graben structures in the Tibetan plateau in the middle Miocene and the progressive partitioning of strain away from the Thakkhola graben into other, younger, extensional features. The shift in the locus of strain may reflect the progressive under-thrusting of India beneath the Tibetan plateau and/or the eastward flow of mid-to-lower crustal material away from the plateau.
DOI: 10.7284/134609
title: TSG (Thermosalinograph) data collected during research cruise LMG1901 using a Sea-Bird SBE-45 instrument system onboard the platform RV Laurence M. Gould

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12952235
title: Progressive development of E-W extension across the Tibetan plateau: A case study of the Thakkhola graben, west-central Nepal

description: The Thakkhola graben is a large-scale N-S striking, E-W extensional structure located in west-central Nepal that was actively extending ca. 17 Ma. New multi-system geochronological data from the immediate footwall of the Dangardzong fault, the main graben-forming structure in the Thakkhola graben, outline decelerating cooling paths. The cooling rate of the footwall progressively decreases from 55 ± 10°C/Myr in the early Miocene (~22–13 Ma, monazite U-Th/Pb, mica <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar and zircon U-Th/He), to 23 ± 8°C/Myr in the middle to late Miocene (~13-8 Ma, zircon and apatite U-Th/He), and finally to 10 ± 2°C/Myr from 8 Ma to present day (cooling post apatite U-Th/He closure). The deceleration in cooling rate is interpreted to reflect the widespread development of N-S striking graben structures in the Tibetan plateau in the middle Miocene and the progressive partitioning of strain away from the Thakkhola graben into other, younger, extensional features. The shift in the locus of strain may reflect the progressive under-thrusting of India beneath the Tibetan plateau and/or the eastward flow of mid-to-lower crustal material away from the plateau.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12854111
title: Incompatible element-enriched mantle lithosphere beneath kimberlitic pipes in Priazovie, Ukrainian shield: volatile-enriched focused melt flow and connection to mature crust?

description: Major, minor and trace element compositions of mantle xenocrysts from Devonian kimberlite pipes in the Priazovie give an insight into the mantle structure beneath the SE Ukranian Shield and its evolution. Garnets yield low temperature conditions as determined by monomineral thermobarometry. The mantle lithosphere is sharply divided at 4.2 GPa, marked by a high temperature Cpx-Ilm-Phl trend, eclogites and changes in pyrope geochemistry. Seven layers are detected: I<sup>st</sup> layer at 2.5–1 GPa is enriched mantle (Fe#Ol ~ 0.11 − 0.14) with Gar- pyroxenites and Sp peridotites; II<sup>nd</sup> at 2.5–3.2 GPa – Gar-Sp (Fe#Ol 0.08 − 0.10) peridotite. III<sup>d</sup> at 4.3–3.2 GPa is formed of Archaean- Proterozoic peridotites with Fe#Ol ~0.07 − 0.095. IV<sup>th</sup> at 3.2–5 GPa- contains pyroxenitic Gar with higher Ca, eclogites, Chr and Cpx (Fe#Ol ~0.10 − 0.125); V<sup>th</sup> at 5.8 − 5 GPa is marked by sub-Ca garnets, Cr-rich chromites and Mg-Cr ilmenites; VI<sup>th</sup> layer at 5.8–6.8 GPa contains Fe-enriched pyropes, almandines and Cr-Mg ilmenites near the lithosphere base; VII<sup>th</sup> layer &gt; 6.8 GPa consists of ‘hot’ Fe-rich garnets. Garnets show increasing enrichment in LREE, LILE, Hf, Zr with decreasing pressure. Primitive garnets have round REE patterns; depleted ones have S-type patterns inflected at Nd. Garnets from 6.5 to 3 GPa show increasing La/Yb<sub>n</sub>, Zr-Hf, LILE. Peridotitic clinopyroxenes have inclined linear trace element patterns rounded from La to Pr with high LILE and HFSE levels. The Fe-rich group (reacted with eclogites) shows bell-shaped irregular patterns with LILE close to the LREE levels. A possible reason for LILE (HFSE and) enrichment of the upper part of the mantle is subduction metasomatsm in Archaean times (with participation of mature continental sediments) activated by plumes at 1.8 Ga and earlier which produced pervasive focused melt flow with remelting of mica-amphibole metasomatites giving continuous REE and LILE enrichment in mantle lithologies from 5.8 to 2.5 GPa.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12854111.v1
title: Incompatible element-enriched mantle lithosphere beneath kimberlitic pipes in Priazovie, Ukrainian shield: volatile-enriched focused melt flow and connection to mature crust?

description: Major, minor and trace element compositions of mantle xenocrysts from Devonian kimberlite pipes in the Priazovie give an insight into the mantle structure beneath the SE Ukranian Shield and its evolution. Garnets yield low temperature conditions as determined by monomineral thermobarometry. The mantle lithosphere is sharply divided at 4.2 GPa, marked by a high temperature Cpx-Ilm-Phl trend, eclogites and changes in pyrope geochemistry. Seven layers are detected: I<sup>st</sup> layer at 2.5–1 GPa is enriched mantle (Fe#Ol ~ 0.11 − 0.14) with Gar- pyroxenites and Sp peridotites; II<sup>nd</sup> at 2.5–3.2 GPa – Gar-Sp (Fe#Ol 0.08 − 0.10) peridotite. III<sup>d</sup> at 4.3–3.2 GPa is formed of Archaean- Proterozoic peridotites with Fe#Ol ~0.07 − 0.095. IV<sup>th</sup> at 3.2–5 GPa- contains pyroxenitic Gar with higher Ca, eclogites, Chr and Cpx (Fe#Ol ~0.10 − 0.125); V<sup>th</sup> at 5.8 − 5 GPa is marked by sub-Ca garnets, Cr-rich chromites and Mg-Cr ilmenites; VI<sup>th</sup> layer at 5.8–6.8 GPa contains Fe-enriched pyropes, almandines and Cr-Mg ilmenites near the lithosphere base; VII<sup>th</sup> layer &gt; 6.8 GPa consists of ‘hot’ Fe-rich garnets. Garnets show increasing enrichment in LREE, LILE, Hf, Zr with decreasing pressure. Primitive garnets have round REE patterns; depleted ones have S-type patterns inflected at Nd. Garnets from 6.5 to 3 GPa show increasing La/Yb<sub>n</sub>, Zr-Hf, LILE. Peridotitic clinopyroxenes have inclined linear trace element patterns rounded from La to Pr with high LILE and HFSE levels. The Fe-rich group (reacted with eclogites) shows bell-shaped irregular patterns with LILE close to the LREE levels. A possible reason for LILE (HFSE and) enrichment of the upper part of the mantle is subduction metasomatsm in Archaean times (with participation of mature continental sediments) activated by plumes at 1.8 Ga and earlier which produced pervasive focused melt flow with remelting of mica-amphibole metasomatites giving continuous REE and LILE enrichment in mantle lithologies from 5.8 to 2.5 GPa.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4783984
title: Vegetation-plot data from a survey of slope forest-steppe mosaics in Central Europe

description: The original dataset was prepared by the first author for his Master thesis. It contains 224 vegetation plots from 51 forest-steppe sites in Central Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia and Ukraine), sampled between 2017 and 2020. On most of the sites, 5 forest-steppe habitats were sample (UF: forest above the steppe patch, UE: ecotone above the steppe patch, ST: steppe, LE: ecotone beneath the steppe patch and LF: forest beneath the steppe patch) and some sites are represented by less relevés (mostly 3). All plots have the standard size of 2.5 × 4 m<sup>2</sup>. The cover values were estimated using the nine-degree Braun-Blanquet scale (Westhoff & van der Maarel 1978). Bryophytes and lichens were not sampled. The nomenclature in the dataset corresponds to the Euro+Med database (visited 2021-05-24). Aggregates correspond to Danihelka et al. 2012 (http://www.preslia.cz/P123Danihelka.pdf ), except for Galium sylvaticum agg. (G. sylvaticum and G. intermedium) and Erophila verna s.l. (E. verna and E. spathulata) Furthermore, the dataset includes various information which directly relates to the analysis which is presented by the first author in his Master thesis. The true/false columns ("PART_1", "PART_2") in the "_SITES.csv" spreadsheet indicate for which analyses the relevés from particular sites were used. Dataset is supplied as 4 comma separated sheets: <strong>Chytry-Krystof_forest-steppe-v1_2021-05-24_SPE.csv</strong> a long form of the vegetation matrix <strong>Chytry-Krystof_forest-steppe-v1_2021-05-24_ENV.csv</strong> header data for relevés <strong>Chytry-Krystof_forest-steppe-v1_2021-05-24_SITES.csv </strong> general information of particular forest-steppe sites (location, bedrock, number of relevés, indication if the relevés from particular sites were used in analyses) <strong>Chytry-Krystof_forest-steppe-v1_2021-05-24_TRAITS.csv </strong>species information (frequency in the dataset, indication if the taxon was used in the analysis, ecological indicator values, plant height of herbs and range type)
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4783983
title: Vegetation-plot data from a survey of slope forest-steppe mosaics in Central Europe

description: The original dataset was prepared by the first author for his Master thesis. It contains 224 vegetation plots from 51 forest-steppe sites in Central Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia and Ukraine), sampled between 2017 and 2020. On most of the sites, 5 forest-steppe habitats were sample (UF: forest above the steppe patch, UE: ecotone above the steppe patch, ST: steppe, LE: ecotone beneath the steppe patch and LF: forest beneath the steppe patch) and some sites are represented by less relevés (mostly 3). All plots have the standard size of 2.5 × 4 m<sup>2</sup>. The cover values were estimated using the nine-degree Braun-Blanquet scale (Westhoff & van der Maarel 1978). Bryophytes and lichens were not sampled. The nomenclature in the dataset corresponds to the Euro+Med database (visited 2021-05-24). Aggregates correspond to Danihelka et al. 2012 (http://www.preslia.cz/P123Danihelka.pdf ), except for Galium sylvaticum agg. (G. sylvaticum and G. intermedium) and Erophila verna s.l. (E. verna and E. spathulata) Furthermore, the dataset includes various information which directly relates to the analysis which is presented by the first author in his Master thesis. The true/false columns ("PART_1", "PART_2") in the "_SITES.csv" spreadsheet indicate for which analyses the relevés from particular sites were used. Dataset is supplied as 4 comma separated sheets: <strong>Chytry-Krystof_forest-steppe-v1_2021-05-24_SPE.csv</strong> a long form of the vegetation matrix <strong>Chytry-Krystof_forest-steppe-v1_2021-05-24_ENV.csv</strong> header data for relevés <strong>Chytry-Krystof_forest-steppe-v1_2021-05-24_SITES.csv </strong> general information of particular forest-steppe sites (location, bedrock, number of relevés, indication if the relevés from particular sites were used in analyses) <strong>Chytry-Krystof_forest-steppe-v1_2021-05-24_TRAITS.csv </strong>species information (frequency in the dataset, indication if the taxon was used in the analysis, ecological indicator values, plant height of herbs and range type)
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12854150
title: Deformation and cooling history of the Central Qiangtang terrane, Tibetan Plateau and its tectonic implications

description: The Qiangtang terrane preserves an important record of the growth of the Tibetan Plateau since the Mesozoic; however, its deformation and cooling history remain poorly understood. To unravel this issue, we conducted geological mapping in the Esima area and detrital apatite fission track and (U–Th)/He analyses of the Esima–Rongtang region in the east segment of Central Qiangtang terrane. Our results indicate that the east segment underwent two stages of structural deformation and rapid cooling during 120–110 Ma and 55–38 Ma. By combining our results with those of previous studies of the deformation and cooling history in the west segment, we reconstructed the early spatial and temporal geological evolution of the Central Qiangtang terrane since the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous. The structural deformation and cooling of the west segment at 150–130 Ma was related to northward flat subduction of the Bangong–Nujiang oceanic slab. The structural deformation and cooling of the east segment at 120–110 Ma and the west segment at 110–70 Ma was controlled by oblique convergence between Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes. The structural deformation and cooling of the west and east segments at 55–38 Ma was associated with northward intracontinental subduction beneath the Qiangtang terrane induced by the Indo–Asian collision.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12854150.v1
title: Deformation and cooling history of the Central Qiangtang terrane, Tibetan Plateau and its tectonic implications

description: The Qiangtang terrane preserves an important record of the growth of the Tibetan Plateau since the Mesozoic; however, its deformation and cooling history remain poorly understood. To unravel this issue, we conducted geological mapping in the Esima area and detrital apatite fission track and (U–Th)/He analyses of the Esima–Rongtang region in the east segment of Central Qiangtang terrane. Our results indicate that the east segment underwent two stages of structural deformation and rapid cooling during 120–110 Ma and 55–38 Ma. By combining our results with those of previous studies of the deformation and cooling history in the west segment, we reconstructed the early spatial and temporal geological evolution of the Central Qiangtang terrane since the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous. The structural deformation and cooling of the west segment at 150–130 Ma was related to northward flat subduction of the Bangong–Nujiang oceanic slab. The structural deformation and cooling of the east segment at 120–110 Ma and the west segment at 110–70 Ma was controlled by oblique convergence between Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes. The structural deformation and cooling of the west and east segments at 55–38 Ma was associated with northward intracontinental subduction beneath the Qiangtang terrane induced by the Indo–Asian collision.
DOI: 10.26208/cbv5-8240
title: Organic fertility inputs synergistically increase denitrification-derived nitrous oxide emissions in agroecosystems

description: Organic fertility inputs synergistically increase denitrification-derived nitrous oxide emissions in agroecosystems.
DOI: 10.5066/p9r1l6q7
title: North American Bird Banding Program Dataset 1960-2020 retrieved 2020-06-26

description: The North American Bird Banding Program is directed in the United States by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Bird Banding Laboratory (BBL), Eastern Ecological Science Center at the Patuxent Research Refuge (EESC) and in Canada by the Bird Banding Office (BBO), Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). The respective banding offices have similar functions and policies and use the same bands, reporting forms and data formats. Data contributors are US and Canadian bird banding permit holders: federal, state, tribal, local government, non-government agencies, business, university and avocational biologists. Bird banders capture wild birds and mark them with a metal leg band with a unique 9-digit number. Extra markers may be added. Attributes of a bird such as age, sex, condition, molt and morphometrics may be taken before the bird is released. This long-term dataset is made up of over 77 million bird banding records with over 1,000 species, and over 5 million encounter records with nearly 800 species. Federal bands are used on species included in the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA). Banding, encounter and recapture records are available for years 1960 to present. The data is curated at BBL on a daily basis, therefore each yearly version may differ from previous releases. The BBL produces one data release annually, beginning in 2020. Each yearly release is available for request. Data quality is established by contributors submitting their data. Incoming data must pass automatic validation rules to meet quality standards, and in some cases additional validation is conducted by staff at BBL and BBO. It is imperative to understand the codes used by the BBL and BBO. In early days of storage space restrictions for electronic data, an efficient system of codes was developed. Some examples include: bird status code, coordinate precision, inexact date, minimum age at encounter. BBL terminology is important as well: an encounter refers to a sighting or direct encounter with a banded or auxiliary-marked bird by any person; recapture denotes a banded bird recaptured during banding operations; recovery refers a harvested gamebird. Please cite as: Celis-Murillo A, M Malorodova, E Nakash. 2020. North American Bird Banding Dataset 1960-2020 retrieved 2020-06-26. U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center at the Patuxent Research Refuge.
DOI: 10.3886/e119681
title: Data and Code for: "News Uncertainty in Brexit UK"

description: This folder contains all the necessary code and data for the replication of "News Uncertainty in Brexit UK" by R. Faccini and E. Palombo published in the American Economic Review: Insights.<br><br><b>Abstract</b><br>After the Brexit referendum, the behavior of the UK economy defied widespread expectations, as it did not exhibit a V-shaped recession, but a slow decline in production. We show that this pattern of propagation arises when uncertainty is about future, rather than current fundamentals, and if the expected duration of uncertainty is sufficiently long. We reach this conclusion within the confines of a heterogeneous firms model featuring news uncertainty rather than conventional uncertainty shocks. In the quantitative analysis, uncertainty is informed by firm-level probability distributions on the expected effect of Brexit on sales. <br>
description: UK businesses and UK macroeconomic aggregates.
DOI: 10.3886/e119681v3
title: Data and Code for: "News Uncertainty in Brexit UK"

description: This folder contains all the necessary code and data for the replication of "News Uncertainty in Brexit UK" by R. Faccini and E. Palombo published in the American Economic Review: Insights.<br><br><b>Abstract</b><br>After the Brexit referendum, the behavior of the UK economy defied widespread expectations, as it did not exhibit a V-shaped recession, but a slow decline in production. We show that this pattern of propagation arises when uncertainty is about future, rather than current fundamentals, and if the expected duration of uncertainty is sufficiently long. We reach this conclusion within the confines of a heterogeneous firms model featuring news uncertainty rather than conventional uncertainty shocks. In the quantitative analysis, uncertainty is informed by firm-level probability distributions on the expected effect of Brexit on sales. <br>
description: UK businesses and UK macroeconomic aggregates.