cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.7291/d1kd4j
title: Data from: Krill hotspot formation and phenology in the California Current Ecosystem

description: In the California Current Ecosystem (CCE), krill represent a key link
 between primary production and higher trophic level species owing to their
 central position in the food web and tendency to form dense aggregations.
 However, the strongly advective circulation associated with coastal
 upwelling may spatiotemporally decouple the occurrence and persistence of
 krill hotspots from phytoplankton biomass and nutrient sources. Results
 from a physical-biological model provide insights into fundamental
 mechanisms controlling the phenology of krill hotspots in the CCE and
 their sensitivity to alongshore variations in primary production and ocean
 currents. The model solution indicates that dynamics controlling krill
 hotspot formation, intensity and persistence are strongly heterogeneous
 and must be understood in the context of local alongshore variations in
 coastal upwelling, modulated by regional circulation patterns.
 Furthermore, the model suggests that regions promoting krill aggregations
 in the CCE coincide with increased observed abundances of key marine
 mammal and seabird species.
description: This dataset is a subset of a coupled physical-biogeochemcial
 model for the central California Current upwelling system. The physical
 model is an implementation of the Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS;
 www.myroms.org) coupled to NEMUCSC, a customized version of the North
 Pacific Ecosystem Model for Understanding Regional Oceanography (NEMURO).
 The NEMUCSC biogeochemical model includes three limiting macro-nutrients,
 two phytoplankton functional groups, three zooplankton size-classes, and
 three detritus pools. To better represent the combined effects of regional
 circulation patterns and local upwelling intensity on alongshore
 biophysical properties, the model downscales a data-assimilative physical
 reanalysis at 1/10° (~10 km) resolution for the broader California Current
 system to a higher 1/30° (~3 km) resolution domain for the central
 California Current region. A subset of variables were extracted from the
 full daily model output at various depths and subsequently averaged
 monthly for 1990-2010 using Ferret V7.1
 (http://ferret.pmel.noaa.gov/Ferret). The dataset is in NetCDF4 format
 (CF-1.4 compliant) with metadata describing each variable name and
 associated units on the native ROMS grid.
description: All necessary information to use this dataset is contained in the
 metadata (variable name, units, missing value flag, etc.).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rv15dv456
title: Data from: Adaptation potential of the copepod Eurytemora affinis to a future warmer Baltic Sea

description: To predict effects of global change on zooplankton populations, it is
 important to understand how present species adapt to temperature and how
 they respond to stressors interacting with temperature. Here we ask if the
 calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis from the Baltic Sea can adapt to
 future climate warming. Populations were sampled at sites with different
 temperatures. Full sibling families were reared in the lab and used in two
 common garden experiments (1) populations crossed over 3 temperature
 treatments 12, 17 and 22.5°C and (2) populations crossed over temperature
 in interaction with salinity and algae of different food quality. Genetic
 correlations of the full siblings’ development time were not different
 from zero between 12°C and the two higher temperatures 17 °C and 22.5°C,
 but positively correlated between 17 °C and 22.5°C. Hence, a population at
 12 °C is unlikely to adapt to warmer temperature, while a population at ≥
 17 °C can adapt to an even higher temperature, i.e. 22.5 °C. In agreement
 with the genetic correlations, the population from the warmest site of
 origin had comparably shorter development time at high temperature than
 the populations from colder sites, that is, a co-gradient variation. The
 population with the shortest development time at 22.5°C had in comparison
 lower survival on low quality food, illustrating a cost of short
 development time. Our results suggest that populations from warmer
 environments can at present indirectly adapt to a future warmer Baltic
 Sea, whereas populations from colder areas show reduced adaptation
 potential to high temperatures, simply because they experience an
 environment that is too cold.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18395121
title: GASTROINTESTINAL MANIFESTATIONS AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES IN COVID-19 PATIENTS

description: This study explores the prevalence and characteristics of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in patients infected with COVID-19. A considerable proportion of patients experienced GI disturbances such as loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. Early recognition of these symptoms is crucial for timely diagnosis, effective management, and controlling the spread of the virus. The study also emphasizes the importance of comprehensive preventive strategies, including hygiene, household monitoring, and public awareness.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18395122
title: GASTROINTESTINAL MANIFESTATIONS AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES IN COVID-19 PATIENTS

description: This study explores the prevalence and characteristics of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in patients infected with COVID-19. A considerable proportion of patients experienced GI disturbances such as loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. Early recognition of these symptoms is crucial for timely diagnosis, effective management, and controlling the spread of the virus. The study also emphasizes the importance of comprehensive preventive strategies, including hygiene, household monitoring, and public awareness.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mpg4f4qw1
title: Weights of gaur (Bos gaurus) and banteng (Bos javanicus) killed by tigers in Thailand

description: The primary prey of tigers across much of Southeast Asia has been
 depleted, reducing the ability of already limited habitat to support
 tigers. To better understand the extent to which two of the largest prey
 species, gaur (Bos gaurus) and banteng (Bos javanicus), contribute to the
 tiger’s diet, we estimated the average size of these species killed by
 tigers. This information is needed to more accurately calculate biomass of
 these species in the tiger’s diet and to devise strategies to increase
 tiger carrying capacity where habitat is fragmented and limited in
 west-central Thailand. We used temporally clumped locations of 24
 satellite radio-collared tigers to identify their kill sites and obtained
 mandibles from 82 gaur and 79 banteng. Kills were aged by teeth eruption
 sequence, sectioning the M1 molar and counting cementum annuli. Of all
 gaur killed, 45.2% were adults; of all banteng killed, 55.7% were adults.
 The average weight of banteng killed was 423.9 kg, which was similar to
 the 397.9 kg average weight for gaur. The mean weight of both prey species
 is 3.5 to 4.5 times greater than the predicted 1:1 preferred prey to
 predator ratio. In the absence of medium-sized prey, killing these larger
 animals may be especially critical for female tigers provisioning nearly
 independent young when male offspring are already larger than the mother.
 This is the first study to present data on the average weights of gaur and
 banteng killed in Southeast Asia and these results suggest that these are
 key prey species to target in tiger prey recovery efforts.
description: At kill sites (15 00’- 15 40’ N, 99 00’- 99 25’ E) we collected
 the lower mandible of each gaur or banteng for aging. We determined sex of
 adult animals based on the configuration of horns (Ahrestani, 2018). The
 ages of calves and juveniles were determined by teeth eruptions sequence
 (Dyce, Sack & Wensing, 2009).  For adult prey, we extracted the
 first molar from the mandible, washed the tooth in water, decalcified it
 in a weak acid solution (HNO3 5%), and finally rinsed it again in water to
 stop decalcification (Klevezal1996; Spinage 1976). Each molar was then
 dehydrated in isopropyl alcohol, frozen and sectioned with a microtome to
 create 15-20 µm longitudinal cross section slices that were mounted on a
 glass slide. Slices were stained with Giemsa blood and labeled; stained
 sections were subsequently examined at 10x magnification and cementum
 annuli were counted (Figure 3). We concluded that the local single rainy
 season resulted in a single annuli pattern in western Thailand and
 confirmed this by comparing annuli data to horn patterns.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.w0vt4b8n3
title: Fovea-like photoreceptor specialisations underlie single UV-cone driven prey capture behaviour in zebrafish

description: In the eye, the function of same-type photoreceptors must be regionally
 adjusted to process a highly asymmetrical natural visual world. Here we
 show that UV-cones in the larval zebrafish area temporalis are
 specifically tuned for UV-bright prey capture in their upper frontal
 visual field, which uses the signal from a single cone at a time. For
 this, UV-detection efficiency is regionally boosted 42-fold. Next, in vivo
 2-photon imaging, transcriptomics and computational modelling reveal that
 these cones use an elevated baseline of synaptic calcium to facilitate the
 encoding of bright objects, which in turn results from expressional tuning
 of phototransduction genes. Finally, this signal is further accentuated at
 the level of glutamate release driving retinal networks. These regional
 differences tally with variations between peripheral and foveal cones in
 primates and hint at a common mechanistic origin. Together, our results
 highlight a rich mechanistic toolkit for the tuning of neurons.
description: Tau was calculated by fitting exponential function to the
 recovery phase of calcium responses after the various intensity or
 duration of light flashes.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9p8cz8wcs
title: Support for the climatic variability hypothesis depends on the type of thermal plasticity: lessons from predation rates

description: Plastic and evolutionary changes in traits related to biotic interactions
 are crucial for the local persistence of populations under global warming.
 Yet, how acute and developmental thermal plasticity evolve and shape
 predation rates has been poorly studied, especially in the context of
 latitude-driven thermal evolution. A powerful predictive framework is
 given by the climatic variability hypothesis (CVH) stating that thermal
 plasticity and acclimation capacity evolve to be higher in high-latitude
 populations because these are exposed to higher thermal seasonal
 variability. We tested the CVH for predation rates and evaluated if the
 support for the CVH depended on the type of plasticity and acclimation
 metric. We examined effects of developmental temperature (20 and 24°C) and
 acute changes in mean and extreme temperatures (20, 24 and 32°C) on the
 predation rates of high- and low-latitude populations of a predatory
 aquatic insect, the damselfly Ischnura elegans. We documented opposing and
 interactive effects between developmental and acute temperatures, which
 urge caution when using thermal performance curves to forecast the impact
 of global warming on biotic interactions. Predation rates were higher in
 low-latitude than high-latitude predators, especially at the warmer
 developmental and test temperatures, suggesting thermal adaptation to the
 higher low-latitude temperatures. The latitudinal patterns in acute and
 developmental plasticities differed, providing mixed support for the CVH.
 Moreover, there was no latitudinal pattern in post-acclimation thermal
 sensitivity, indicative of perfect thermal compensation in predators from
 both latitudes. Strikingly, the acclimation capacity leading to perfect
 thermal compensation was ~6 times higher in high-latitude than in
 low-latitude predators. Our study provides new insights into the climatic
 variability hypothesis (CVH) by documenting that its support is critically
 dependent on the type of plasticity and acclimation metric used.
description: Predation rates were collected via 24-hr predation trials with
 one predator and fixed prey density (90 ind/L) in each trial. Predation
 rates (consumed) were corrected by body mass (final_mass) and
 ln-transformed before they were analyzed with linear regression model and
 customerized contrasts.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sf7m0cg2x
title: Comparative anatomy of Sirhookera (Orchidaceae) growing in Western Ghats of Southern India

description: We compared the anatomical characteristics of vegetative organs, peduncle
 and mycorrhizal morphology of Sirhookera belonging to the subfamily
 Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae) to identify the anatomical markers for
 identification of Sirhookera species as well as to their ecological
 adaptations. The leaves are hypostomatic bearing tetracytic stomata and
 the walls of subsidiary cells are smooth in Sirhookera lanceolata and
 undulate in Sirhookera latifolia. The leaves on the adaxial and abaxial
 surfaces are covered by thick cuticle. The hypodermis is dimorphic and
 present on both sides of the leaf; chlorenchyma is homogenous and the
 vascular bundles are collateral. The rhizome of Sirhookera possesses a
 single-layered epidermis, thick cuticle, thin-walled parenchymatous ground
 tissue containing starch grains and scattered collateral vascular bundles.
 A thick-walled sclerenchymatous band separates the cortex from the
 parenchymatous ground tissue comprising of banded cells in the peduncle.
 Starch grains are present in ground tissue of S. latifolia peduncle. The
 roots consist of the velamen, ∩-thickened exodermis, thin-walled cortex
 consisting of water storage cells, O-thickened endodermis and vascular
 cylinder with parenchymatous pith. Starch grains are present in the root
 cortical cells of S. lanceolata but absent in S. latifolia. The fungal
 pelotons that aids in nutrition acquisition is evident in the root
 cortical region in both species. The study revealed significant variations
 in the anatomical characteristics in both species and most of the
 anatomical features of Sirhookera relate to their ecological adaptations.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.mexbfh
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3698 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Astragalus kentrophyta"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3698 records from 134 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002285-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.w3r2280mn
title: Male mate choice in the Spot-tail shark Carcharhinus sorrah: are males choosy or opportunistic?

description: Male mate choice has been documented in different taxa including insects,
 lizards, fish, birds and mammals. However, in sharks, male mate choice is
 not clearly reported but field observations suggest that it is probable.
 In this study, I tested for evidence of male mating preference of the
 spot-tail shark Carcharhinus sorrah towards three female traits that are
 typically associated with female fecundity, these are: (1) body size, (2)
 parasite burden, and (3) mean heterozygosity. I collected data on
 heterozygosity, age, length and parasite burden of 73 litters of C. sorrah
 females. I found no association between male mating preference and any of
 the selected female traits. A possible interpretation is that, given the
 polygamous mating system of sharks and consequent likelihood of sperm
 competition, C. sorrah males focus primarily on obtaining fertilization,
 rather than adjusting their behavior according to potential fitness
 differences between females. Future research is needed to gain better
 understanding on the reproductive behavior and social dynamics of C.
 sorrah to benefit conservation efforts that are needed to effectively
 manage C. sorrah.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7qeddt
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Valgipes bucklandi"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002286-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.prr4xgxhv
title: Human decisions about when to act originate within a basal forebrain-nigral circuit

description: Decisions about when to act are critical for survival in humans as in
 animals but how a desire is translated into the decision that an action is
 worth taking at any particular point in time is incompletely understood.
 Here we show that a simple model developed to explain when animals decide
 it is worth taking an action also explains a significant portion of the
 variance in timing observed when humans take voluntary actions. The model
 focuses on the current environment’s potential for reward, the timing of
 the individual’s own recent actions, and the outcomes of those actions. We
 show, by using ultra-high-field MRI scanning, that in addition to anterior
 cingulate cortex within medial frontal cortex, a group of subcortical
 structures including striatum, substantia nigra, basal forebrain (BF),
 pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), and habenula (HB) encode trial-by-trial
 variation in action time. Further analysis of the activity patterns found
 in each area together with psychophysiological interaction analysis and
 structural equation modelling suggested a model in which BF integrates
 contextual information that will influence the decision about when to act
 and communicates this information, in parallel with PPN and HB influences,
 to nigrostriatal circuits. It is then in the nigrostriatal circuit that
 action initiation per se begins.
description: To use the dataset please see Guideline.docx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fttdz08pp
title: Long-term research and hierarchical models reveal consistent fitness costs of being the last egg in a clutch

description: 1. Maintenance of phenotypic heterogeneity in the face of strong selection
 is an important component of evolutionary ecology, as are the consequences
 of such heterogeneity. Organisms may experience diminishing returns of
 increased reproductive allocation as clutch or litter size increases,
 affecting current and residual reproductive success. Given existing
 uncertainty regarding trade-offs between the quantity and quality of
 offspring, we sought to examine the potential for diminishing returns on
 increased reproductive allocation in a long-lived species of goose, with a
 particular emphasis on the effect of position in the laying sequence on
 offspring quality. 2. To better understand the effects of maternal
 allocation on offspring survival and growth, we estimated the effects of
 egg size, timing of breeding, inter- and intra-annual variation, and
 position in the laying sequence on gosling survival and growth rates of
 black brent (Branta bernicla nigricans) breeding in western Alaska from
 1987–2007. 3. We found that gosling growth rates and survival decreased
 with position in the laying sequence, regardless of clutch size. Mean egg
 volume of the clutch a gosling originated from had a positive effect on
 gosling survival (β = 0.095, 95% CRI: 0.024, 0.165), and gosling growth
 rates (β = 0.626, 95% CRI: 0.469, 0.738). Gosling survival (β = -0.146,
 95% CRI: -0.214, -0.079) and growth rates (β = -1.286, 95% CRI: -1.435,
 -1.132) were negatively related to hatching date. 4. These findings
 indicate substantial heterogeneity in offspring quality associated with
 their position in the laying sequence. They also potentially suggest a
 trade-off mechanism for females whose total reproductive investment is
 governed by pre-breeding state. 20-Mar-2020
description: See the manuscript in the attached files. 
description: <strong>mass_input.csv</strong>
 This data file is the input file for the growth
 analysis. 
 <strong>mean_clutch_vols.csv</strong>
 Data for the mean egg volume of each brood.
 <strong>survival_input.csv</strong>
 This data file is the input file for the survival
 analysis. 
 <strong>growth_model.R</strong>
 This R script analyses the gosling growth data. 
 <strong>phi_model.R</strong> This
 R script analyses the gosling survival data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.63xsj3v07
title: SNP genotyping of Lord Howe woodhen (Hypotaenidia sylvestris) from museum skins and contemporary blood samples

description: These data are from a conservation genetics project investigating
 population structure, dispersal and genetic bottlenecks in the
 Lord Howe woodhen Hypotaenidia sylvestris. This species recovered
 from near extinction in the 1970s to approximately 250
 individuals in 2017. We used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to
 genotype samples of both the contemporary population and
 100-year-old museum specimens. We discovered strong population structuring
 between mountain and lowland "subpopulations" in both the
 contemporary and historic populations. This is indicative
 of restricted dispersal at fine spatial scales associated with
 rugged topography. There was also a decline in genetic diversity
 over the past century. We recommend ongoing genetic monitoring
 and translocations to increase genetic diversity within the re-established
 lowland subpopulation which although numerically stronger is genetically
 depleted relative to the mountain subpopulation.
description: DNA was extracted from blood samples taken from 67 wild-caught
 and released woodhens in 2017, and from 54 toepad biopsies from museum
 skins.  DNA was supplied  to Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) for
 analysis using their proprietary restriction-enzyme-based genome
 complexity reduction technology, termed DArTseq™. Complete methods are
 provided in the paper published in Animal Conservation.
description: The datset comprises three self-explanatory files consisting of 
 (1) species identifiers, (2) metadata for SNP genotyping file, (3) main
 SNP genotyping file.
 1) individual_woodhen_identifiers_for_Report_DGall18-3372_1_moreOrders_SNP_singlerow_1.csv This file lists the individual identifiers referenced in the other two files and includes sampling locations and dates.   2) metadata_for_Report_DGall18-3372_1_moreOrders_SNP_singlerow_1.csv This file provides the metadata for the main SNP genotyping file with crossreference to the identifiers in File 1.   3) Report_DGall18-3372_1_moreOrders_SNP_singlerow_1.csv This file is the main datafile comprised of the SNP genotyping.   Please note that while the paper only considered SNPs with a &gt;95% call rate, the submitted datset includes all SNPs with a call rate of 70% or greater (6382 SNPs). Thus the 1458 SNPs analysed in the paper are listed at the top of  File 3 (ordered on the column "CallRate").