DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fn2z34v4h
title: Data from: Temperature can reverse sexual conflict, facilitating population growth

description: Sexual conflict can lead to adaptations that increase male reproductive
 success at the expense of harming females (‘male harm’) and decreasing
 population growth. Studying the ecology of male harm is paramount to
 understanding how sexual conflict unfolds in nature and its consequences
 for population viability. We used seed beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus),
 a species where males harm females through harassment and traumatic
 insemination, to examine whether temperature (24ºC, 28ºC, 32ºC) modulates
 pre-copulatory harm (harassment) or pre- and post-copulatory harm
 (harassment and mating) in females exposed to low or high sexual conflict
 (one or two males, respectively), vs. once-mated females (no harm).
 Constant exposure to males decreased female fitness at warmer
 environments, particularly at 28ºC, and when females were subject to
 constant harassment and mating under high sexual conflict. In contrast,
 constant exposure to male harassment and mating increased female fitness
 at 24ºC, particularly under low sexual conflict (significant ~14% increase
 vs. control females). At the population level, under no harm female net
 reproductive rate was higher at 28ºC and 32ºC, but reversal of the
 cost/benefit balance of exposure to males resulted in optimal net
 reproductive rates at 24ºC under constant male-female cohabitation, hence
 rescuing population growth rate. Our findings show that, by dictating the
 outcome of female fitness under constant male exposure, temperature can
 modulate sexual conflict to the point of reversing it and facilitating
 evolutionary rescue. Our results support the notion that environmental
 variation decrease overall levels of sexual conflict in nature.
description: # Data from: Temperature can reverse sexual conflict, facilitating
 population growth Datasets: 1. data.txt 2. NetReproductiveRate.txt
 **Description - legend** * data.txt: Data used to analyse LRS and Lifespan
 of focal females for the experiment. * NetReproductiveRate.txt: Data used
 to obtain the Net Reproductive Rate of each focal group of females in the
 experiment.  `Net reproductive rate of our populations as the sum of the
 lx (the number of surviving individuals at the beginning of age class X)
 and mx (the number of living individuals born per female in each interval
 class), following equation: R~0~ = Σ lxmx. It was calculated for ‘no harm’
 (control; E) and ‘mating and harassment’ treatments (both under low- and
 high-intensity sexual conflict; A y B) (see Fig. 3)` **Variables** *
 Variable "Temp". Three temperatures: cold=24°C,med=28°C,hot=32°C
 * Variable "Treatment". Five levels of treatments (i.e.
 "treatment"): low or high sexual conflict in mating and
 harassment (A or B treatments, respectively), low or high sexual conflict
 in harassment (C or D treatments, respectively), and no harm (treatment
 E). * Variable "Type". Three levels of type of treatment: mating
 and harassment = "mating", harassment = "harassment",
 no harm = "other" * Variable "LRS": Lifetime
 Reproductive Success, which is the average number of offspring of focal
 females across their life. * Variable "Lifespan": Days of life
 of focal females. * Variables "C1-C6": Times of females lifespan
 at which the number of offspring was accounted. It was measured every 2-3
 days each week across the experiment. All analyses are to be performed on
 focal adult females of Callosobruchus maculatus