DOI: 10.5061/dryad.70rxwdc71
title: Data from: Impacts of sequential and simultaneous coinfection by major amphibian pathogens on disease outcomes

description: In natural environments, hosts frequently experience infections from
 multiple pathogenic species or strains, significantly influencing disease
 dynamics. Despite shared susceptible hosts and overlapping distributions,
 the impacts of coinfections by the two most threatening global amphibian
 pathogens, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and Ranavirus (Rv), remain
 largely understudied. This study offers new insights into how simultaneous
 and sequential exposures to Bd and Rv influence disease outcomes in an
 amphibian host under controlled experimental conditions. Our findings
 reveal that the sequence and timing of pathogen exposure can lead to
 contrasting outcomes. Animals previously exposed to Rv displayed the
 highest mortality after subsequent Bd infection, whereas simultaneous
 exposure to both pathogens resulted in higher survival compared to single
 infections. These findings suggest that priority effects, driven by
 differences in the timing and order of pathogen exposure, can exacerbate
 disease severity in amphibian populations, particularly in communities
 with persistent, sublethal Rv infections. This study highlights the
 critical role of pathogen interactions in shaping disease dynamics and
 emphasizes the importance of integrating coinfections into wildlife
 disease management strategies to mitigate biodiversity crises in
 amphibians and beyond.
description: DATA & FILE OVERVIEW File List: 1. ce_perfrog.csv 2.
 Bd_Rv_Coinfection_Code.Rmd Relationship between files: Use file number 1
 to run R code number 2. DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: ce_perfrog.csv
 Number of variables: 18 Number of rows: 54 Variable List: 1. ID: Frog
 identification number. 2. treatment: Experimental treatments or control
 group. Bd - animals were exposed to Bd only. Rv - animals were exposed to
 Rv only. Bd+Rv - animals were exposed to both Bd and Rv simultaneously;
 BdRv - animals were first exposed to Bd, and then to Rv in the second
 exposure; RvBd - animals were first exposed to Rv, and then to Bd in the
 second exposure; and ctr - control group. 3. censor: 1 when the frog died,
 and 0 when it survived until the end of the experiment. 4. death_day:
 Values reflect the number of days until death, (unit: days). 5.
 death_post_Bd: Values reflect the number of days until death after Bd
 exposure, (unit: days). 6. sex: F - Female, M - Male 7. fitness_d0: Values
 reflect the fitness (in grams) of each animal on day 0 of the experiment.
 8. fitness_d10: Values reflect the fitness (in grams) of each animal on
 day 10 of the experiment. 9. fitness_d20: Values reflect the fitness (in
 grams) of each animal on day 20 of the experiment. 10. fitness_end: Values
 reflect the fitness (in grams) of each animal at the end of the
 experiment. 11. Bd_d0: Values reflect Bd load on day 0, measured in
 zoospore equivalents. 12. Bd_d10: Values reflect Bd load on day
 10, measured in zoospore equivalents. 13. Bd_d20: Values reflect Bd load
 on day 20, measured in zoospore equivalents. 14. Bd_end: Values reflect Bd
 load at the end of the experiment or at the time of death, measured in
 zoospore equivalents. 15. Rv_d0: Values reflect Rv load on day 0, measured
 in MCP gene copies. 16. Rv_d10: Values reflect Rv load on day 10, measured
 in MCP gene copies. 17. Rv_d20: Values reflect Rv load on day 20, measured
 in MCP gene copies. 18. Rv_end: Values reflect Rv load at the end of the
 experiment or at the time of death, measured in MCP gene copies. **Notes
 on "NA" Values** All "NA" values in the dataset
 indicate "Not Applicable". DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR:
 Bd_Rv_Coinfection_Code.Rmd Version of the packages used in the R code:
 survminer_0.4.9 survival_3.5-8 multcomp_1.4-25