cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15003088
title: Canopy height map in China - 2021 part 3

description: This is data generated in the paper, "Substantial contribution of trees outside forests to above-ground carbon across China".

 

Authors

Yang Su a, b, c, Tianqi Shi b, Xianglin Zhang c, d, Yidi Xu b, Kai Cheng e,f, Siyu Liu g, Ge Han h, i, Xin Ma j, Songchao Chen d, k, Xiaowei Tong l, Wei Li m, Wei Gong j, n, o, Qinghua Guo e, f, Martin Brandt g, Shilong Piao p, q, Alexandre d'Aspremont a , Philippe Ciais b

 

Affiliations

a Département d'Informatique, École Normale Supérieure – PSL, 45 Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France

b Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ Orme des Merisiers, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

c UMR ECOSYS, INRAE AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France

d College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China

e Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China

f Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China

g Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

h Hubei Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing of Land and Atmosphere, School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

i Perception and Effectiveness Assessment for Carbon‐neutrality Efforts, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

j State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

k ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, 311215 Hangzhou, China

l Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.

m Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

n Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

o Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, China

p State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

q Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China

 

Corresponding Author

Yang Su

yang.su@ens.fr

+33 1 89 10 07 67

École Normale Supérieure – PSL

 

To use the data, please cite this paper or contact the corresponding author for more details.

 

Funding

Artificial Intelligence for forest monitoring from space – AI4Forests

Agence Nationale de la Recherche

Find out more...
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15003089
title: Canopy height map in China - 2021 part 3

description: This is data generated in the paper, "Substantial contribution of trees outside forests to above-ground carbon across China".

 

Authors

Yang Su a, b, c, Tianqi Shi b, Xianglin Zhang c, d, Yidi Xu b, Kai Cheng e,f, Siyu Liu g, Ge Han h, i, Xin Ma j, Songchao Chen d, k, Xiaowei Tong l, Wei Li m, Wei Gong j, n, o, Qinghua Guo e, f, Martin Brandt g, Shilong Piao p, q, Alexandre d'Aspremont a , Philippe Ciais b

 

Affiliations

a Département d'Informatique, École Normale Supérieure – PSL, 45 Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France

b Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ Orme des Merisiers, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

c UMR ECOSYS, INRAE AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France

d College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China

e Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China

f Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China

g Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

h Hubei Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing of Land and Atmosphere, School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

i Perception and Effectiveness Assessment for Carbon‐neutrality Efforts, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

j State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

k ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, 311215 Hangzhou, China

l Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.

m Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

n Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

o Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, China

p State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

q Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China

 

Corresponding Author

Yang Su

yang.su@ens.fr

+33 1 89 10 07 67

École Normale Supérieure – PSL

 

To use the data, please cite this paper or contact the corresponding author for more details.

 

Funding

Artificial Intelligence for forest monitoring from space – AI4Forests

Agence Nationale de la Recherche

Find out more...
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17898982
title: Nonclassical Crystallization of the L‑Tartrate Salt of Cyamemazine

description: The file "Video of droplets moving in the crystallization pan.mp4" contains the video segment showing the crystallization of the material.

The file “Video of salt spherulites growing at the expense of dense phase.mp4” contains the video segment showing the crystallization of spherulites.

The file “Supplementary material.pdf” contains the supporting information for the article.

The file “Article.pdf” contains the published article in PDF format.

The file “Data.xlsx” contains the raw data used for figure plotting.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17898981
title: Nonclassical Crystallization of the L‑Tartrate Salt of Cyamemazine

description: The file "Video of droplets moving in the crystallization pan.mp4" contains the video segment showing the crystallization of the material.

The file “Video of salt spherulites growing at the expense of dense phase.mp4” contains the video segment showing the crystallization of spherulites.

The file “Supplementary material.pdf” contains the supporting information for the article.

The file “Article.pdf” contains the published article in PDF format.

The file “Data.xlsx” contains the raw data used for figure plotting.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17863569
title: Preparation of Porous cellulose-based ODFs for drug delivery application by thermally induced porogen decomposition in solvent-cast films

description: The file “Data.xlsx” contains the raw data used for all figures plotting.

The file “Fractal dimension.xlsx” contains the raw data used for the fractal dimension calculations.

The zip folder “Scripts.zip” contains the original scripts for calculating the film disintegration time (written in MATLAB) and for the fractal dimension calculations (written in Python).

The file “Supplementary material.docx” contains the supporting information for the article.

The file “Article.pdf” contains the published article in PDF format.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17863570
title: Preparation of Porous cellulose-based ODFs for drug delivery application by thermally induced porogen decomposition in solvent-cast films

description: The file “Data.xlsx” contains the raw data used for all figures plotting.

The file “Fractal dimension.xlsx” contains the raw data used for the fractal dimension calculations.

The zip folder “Scripts.zip” contains the original scripts for calculating the film disintegration time (written in MATLAB) and for the fractal dimension calculations (written in Python).

The file “Supplementary material.docx” contains the supporting information for the article.

The file “Article.pdf” contains the published article in PDF format.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.rvt4n6
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 529630866 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters 0.0-30000.0",
 "GbifRegion is Europe and Central Asia",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Animalia",
 "Year 1970-2024"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 529630866 records from 16694 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0047568-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-10120
title: Costumed dog, 1951

description: 10 images. Costumed dog, June 29, 1951. "Tannyboy" dressed up; dog beolongs to "Fergy" and Marion Ferguson; 4512 Chaser Place.; More descriptive information with originals.
DOI: 10.25582/data.2020-08.2036032/2360212
title: Data for EMSL Project 48703 from August 2020
DOI: 10.15468/dl.klgaee
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 199 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Araucarius G.Kuschel, 1966",
 {
 "or" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Human Observation",
 "BasisOfRecord is Machine Observation",
 "BasisOfRecord is Observation",
 "BasisOfRecord is Living Specimen",
 "BasisOfRecord is Specimen"
 ]
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 199 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0034772-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-9944
title: Divorce, 1951

description: 2 images. Divorce, June 26, 1951. Rosalind A. Phillips.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.5gp6fc
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 444 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Eleutherodactylus verrucipes (Cope, 1885)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 444 records from 32 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0062578-231002084531237/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.wan2t2
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 28 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Protobothrops kaulbacki (Smith, 1940)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 28 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0066095-240229165702484/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25582/data.2020-08.2035884/2360213
title: Data for EMSL Project 48703 from August 2020
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-c44-10803
title: Los Angeles State College graduation, 1951

description: 7 images. Los Angeles State College graduation, 27 July 1951. Guy M. Allmon; Cathy Allmon -- 2½ years; Dana Allmon -- 3½ years; Robert C. Niece; Mrs. Irene Niece; Bobby Niece -- 5 years; Myron W. Mitchell; Elaine Mitchell (wife); Dennis Mitchell (son); Mrs. Ramona Merryweather; Charles Merryweather; Carol Merryweather.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.267yu5
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Ischnopsyllus simplex mysticus Jordan, 1942",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Country is Japan",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008794-231120084113126/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.axqeoq
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Senegalia ataxacantha (DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.",
 "Country is Niger"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0034814-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-ouc11697692
title: Art exhibit (Gardena Community Art Exhibit) displayed in Clark Market, 14990 south Crenshaw Boulevard, 1953

description: 7 images. Art exhibit (Gardena Community Art Exhibit) displayed in Clark Market, 14990 south Crenshaw Boulevard, 16 January 1953. Mrs. Lorraine Indovina; Teddy Indovina -- 4 years; W.J. Stoneman (15217 South Wilton Place, Gardena); Mrs. Geraldine Inman (1217 9th Street, Manhattan Beach); Bobby Inman -- 4 years; Fred Morrish -- 3509 West 110th Street, Inglewood; Joseph K. Morillo (12548 Collins Street, North Hollywood). ; Caption slip reads: "Photographer: Olmo. Date: 1953-01-16. Reporter: Harmon. Assignment: Grocery art -- Monday. 45: Mrs. Lorraine Indovina and son Teddy, 4, of 3149 West 154th Street, study paintings while shopping. 46-47: W.J. Stoneman, 15217 South Wilton Place, Gardena, lifts glasses to look at art over green onion section. 48-1: Mrs. Geraldine Inman, 1217 Ninth St., Manhattan Beach, and son, Bobby, 4, examine art. 2: Fred Morrish, 3509 West 110th Street, Inglewood, examines nude painting as Mrs. Morrish drags him away. 3-4: Jewler Joseph K. Morillo, 12548 Collins Street, North Hollywood, pauses with watch repair to 'eye' ballet dancer painting."
DOI: 10.25582/data.2020-04.1981970/2360214
title: Data for EMSL Project 48703 from April 2020
DOI: 10.15468/dl.tnhsmj
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 66 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Tetrasquillidae",
 "Year 2010-2024"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 66 records from 10 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0031687-240229165702484/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.njz45r
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 6366 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Psilocybe semilanceata (Fr.) P.Kumm."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 6366 records from 211 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008810-231120084113126/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-ouc11697686
title: Art exhibit (Gardena Community Art Exhibit) displayed in Clark Market, 14990 south Crenshaw Boulevard, 1953

description: 7 images. Art exhibit (Gardena Community Art Exhibit) displayed in Clark Market, 14990 south Crenshaw Boulevard, 16 January 1953. Mrs. Lorraine Indovina; Teddy Indovina -- 4 years; W.J. Stoneman (15217 South Wilton Place, Gardena); Mrs. Geraldine Inman (1217 9th Street, Manhattan Beach); Bobby Inman -- 4 years; Fred Morrish -- 3509 West 110th Street, Inglewood; Joseph K. Morillo (12548 Collins Street, North Hollywood). ; Caption slip reads: "Photographer: Olmo. Date: 1953-01-16. Reporter: Harmon. Assignment: Grocery art -- Monday. 45: Mrs. Lorraine Indovina and son Teddy, 4, of 3149 West 154th Street, study paintings while shopping. 46-47: W.J. Stoneman, 15217 South Wilton Place, Gardena, lifts glasses to look at art over green onion section. 48-1: Mrs. Geraldine Inman, 1217 Ninth St., Manhattan Beach, and son, Bobby, 4, examine art. 2: Fred Morrish, 3509 West 110th Street, Inglewood, examines nude painting as Mrs. Morrish drags him away. 3-4: Jewler Joseph K. Morillo, 12548 Collins Street, North Hollywood, pauses with watch repair to 'eye' ballet dancer painting."
DOI: 10.25582/data.2020-06.2003924/2360215
title: Data for EMSL Project 48703 from June 2020
DOI: 10.15468/dl.rjcqna
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 395156 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Cupressaceae",
 {
 "or" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Human Observation",
 "BasisOfRecord is Machine Observation",
 "BasisOfRecord is Observation",
 "BasisOfRecord is Living Specimen",
 "BasisOfRecord is Specimen"
 ]
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 395156 records from 577 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0034773-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.qu2y3c
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 61063 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Buteogallus urubitinga (Gmelin, 1788)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 61063 records from 159 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0031684-240229165702484/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/examiner-ouc11697701
title: San Fernando Feature (Reay), 1953

description: 29 images. San Fernando Feature (Reay), 3 January 1953. Panora from above Sherman Oaks; Fred Weddington -- 72 years (pioneer of North Hollywood); De la Osa Adobe at Encino; Ted Gibson (first postmaster of Encino); James Richardson (Deputy Ranger); Sorting lemons; Horse breeding farm near Northridge and Chatsworth; Flocks of sheep; Subdivision construction (Parthenia Estates); Chevrolet Plant in Van Nuys; San Fernando Mission; Sylmar Packing House (Olive vats); Northridge Southern Pacific Station. ; Supplementary material reads: Reay -- Photographer: Glickman. Captions: San Fernando Valley feature for Jan. 2. 119-120: Panorama from above Sherman Oaks, looking north. Fred Weddington, 72, pioneer of North Hollywood, points out picture of first store of 1890's to George Tonn, 9. 6216 Simpson Avenue, North Hollywood. Tonns came here 5 years ago from New York because of Valley's fame for healthful climate. Fred Weddington, 72, alone. De la Osa Adobe at Encino. Ted Gibson, first postmaster of Encino, and James E. Richardson, deputy ranger of this state park. Long low building was erected in 1849. Two story building was erected in 1969. (Also inspecting grinding stones on porch of the older building. 121-122-202: San Fernando Heights Lemon Association -- sorting -- in San Fernando. 203: Picturesque shot of corral on horse breeding farm near Northridge and Chatsworth. Flocks of sheep still sometimes block highways. These sheep wander on Roscoe Boulevard in Canoga Park. 218: Subdivision construction. This is at Parthenia Estates. Worker is Earl Naves, 1161 Orange Grove Avenue, San Fernando. 219: General view of workers at same subdivision. 207-212-213: Chevrolet Plant at Van Nuys. Workers homeward bound. 214-215: Exterior, San Fernando del Rey Mission. Mission Bell at San Fernando Mission, cast 1809. 115-116: Int. chapel at San Fernando Mission (taboo?). 117-118: Brother James Hart in corridor at San Fernando Mission. 119: At Sylmar Packing House, showing olive pickling vats. Frank Lopez and Harold Riley. 120: Same except Harold Riley and Frank Lopez. Picturesque Northridge Southern Pacific station, built 1910, Stationmaster W.E. Freeman, 67, nearest engine. He's been with S.P. since 1906, was stationmaster at nearby Santa Susana in 1908."
DOI: 10.15468/dl.4guasy
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 13575 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Observation, Machine Observation, Human Observation, Material citation, Specimen, Occurrence evidence)",
 "TaxonKey is Himantopus leucocephalus Gould, 1837",
 "Year 1980-2000"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 13575 records from 17 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0013913-231120084113126/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25582/data.2020-04.1981991/2360216
title: Data for EMSL Project 48703 from April 2020
DOI: 10.15468/dl.nderur
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 123315 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Podocarpaceae",
 {
 "or" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Human Observation",
 "BasisOfRecord is Machine Observation",
 "BasisOfRecord is Observation",
 "BasisOfRecord is Living Specimen",
 "BasisOfRecord is Specimen"
 ]
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 123315 records from 273 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0034777-160910150852091/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ep9nse
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 120051 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 120051 records from 575 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0031694-240229165702484/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.rjusc4
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 13 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Cestrum psittacinum Stapf"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 13 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0146589-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7t3ffg
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 20 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Senecio squalidus subsp. aethnensis (Jan ex DC.) Greuter",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Continent is Europe",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 2000",
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters is less than 10000"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 20 records from 3 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0023554-240229165702484/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.bah3q7
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 41 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Eucalyptus urna D.Nicolle",
 {
 "or" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Human Observation",
 "BasisOfRecord is Observation"
 ]
 },
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 41 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0044919-191105090559680/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.