DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7951680
title: Proton Therapy Treatment Simulations with the Bergen DTC Prototype for Range Verification

description: This dataset consists of 36258 proton therapy Monte Carlo simulations using GATE (Jan et al. 2004) version 9.2 and Geant4 (Agostinelli et al. 2003; Allison et al. 2006; Allison et al. 2016) version 11.0.0. The treatment target is the pediatric head phantom 715-HN by CIRS Inc. (Norfolk, VA, United States), digitized by Giacometti et al. (2017). Distal to the phantom, is a simplified geometry of the digital tracking calorimeter designed by the Bergen pCT collaboration for proton computed tomography (Alme et al. 2020). Each simulation is a single pencil beam with \(10^7\) primary protons. To determine valid spots to use, probing simulations with \(10^5\) primaries were conducted, where the beam position, energy, and phantom rotation were varied: 10 mm interval in the xy-plane for the beam position, 3 mm water range interval for the beam energy, and 30° rotations of the phantom. If no primary was found in the detecter after the probing simulation, it is a valid spot for the dataset. Resulting hit files, containing simulated detector readout, can be found in treatment_simulations.tar.gz. Each simulation is accompanied by a metafile in JSON format, specifying all parameters used to produce the output. E.g., beam position and energy can be found in "parameters" -&gt; "beam_spot_x", "beam_spot_y", "beam_energy" and the phantom rotation can be found in "parameters" -&gt; "phantom_rotation_angle". Simulation data has been pre-processed with two steps. First, hits for the same track in the same layer are binned together into a single entry by averaging the positions (posX, posY, posZ) and summing the energy depositions (edep). Second, the energy deposition values are discretized into a cluster size and back into MeV, to represent the energy resolution of the ALPIDE chip (Alme et al. 2020). Clusters of size 0 are removed. Additionally, some of the unused GATE output columns are removed and a column specifying the detector layer is created through the formula layer = 2*volumeID[2] + volumeID[3]. Details about the meaning of the other output columns can be found in the GATE documentation.
description: This work was supported by the German federal state Rhineland-Palatinate (Forschungskolleg SIVERT) and by the Research Council of Norway (Norges forskningsråd) and the University of Bergen, grant number 250858. Simulations were executed on the high-performance cluster Elwetritsch at the University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, which is part of the Alliance of High-Performance Computing Rhineland-Palatinate (AHRP). We kindly acknowledge the support of the regional university computing center (RHRZ).
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