cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0rxwdbrzm
title: The impact of a native dominant plant, Euphorbia jolkinii, on plant-flower visitor networks and pollen deposition on stigmas of co-flowering species in sub-alpine meadows of Shangri-La, SW China

description: 1. Anthropogenic activity can modify the distribution of species abundance
 in a community leading to the appearance of new dominant species. While
 many studies report that an alien plant species which becomes increasingly
 dominant can change species composition, plant-pollinator network
 structure and the reproductive output of native plant species, much less
 is known about native plant species which become dominant in their
 communities. 2. Euphorbia jolkinii Boissier (Euphorbia, hereafter) has
 become a dominant native plant in the over-grazed meadows of Shangri-La,
 SW China. During the flowering season of Euphorbia and over two years, we
 quantified the impact of Euphorbia on plant richness and flower visitor
 richness in 12 sub-alpine meadows along a gradient of Euphorbia dominance.
 We also evaluated the floral preferences of flower visitors, interaction
 evenness of plant-flower visitor networks, and the deposition of pollen on
 the stigmas of two co-flowering plant species (Gentiana chungtienensis and
 Anemone rupestris) in each meadow. 3. The species richness of flower
 visitors to non-Euphorbia plants was negatively correlated with Euphorbia
 dominance. As the proportion of Euphorbia increases, flower visitors to
 Euphorbia decreased, while flower visitors to other co-flowering plants
 increased. Interaction evenness decreased as the proportion of Euphorbia
 increased. Furthermore, the conspecific pollen deposition of one of the
 two co-flowering plant species studied, G. chungtienensis, decreased as
 the proportion of Euphorbia increased. 4. Synthesis. There appears to be
 little substantive difference between the impact of a newly dominant
 native plant and the impacts reported for many alien plants on native
 plant-pollinator communities. This lack of difference suggests that
 dominance, in addition to plant origin (alien versus native), could play
 an important role in influencing the structure and functioning of native
 communities. This finding has considerable implications for restoration
 ecology. Thus, communities where natural dominance order has been changed
 due to anthropogenic activity may not be considered a problem as all the
 species are native - in reality though, they may be as damaged as
 communities invaded by alien species.
description: Data was collected at 12
 meadows along a Euphorbia dominance gradient in 2017 and 2018.
description: This data package contains
 data from the publication: Yan-Hui Zhao, Jane Memmott, Ian P. Vaughan,
 Hai-Dong Li, Zong-Xin Ren, Amparo Lázaro, Wei Zhou, Xin Xu, Wei-Jia Wang,
 Huan Liang, De-Zhu Li, Hong Wang (2021) The impact of a native dominant
 plant, Euphorbia jolkinii, on plant-flower visitor networks and pollen
 deposition on stigmas of co-flowering species in sub-alpine meadows of
 Shangri-La, SW China. Journal of Ecology. Details about the content of the
 package can be found in the README.txt file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dv41ns1xb
title: Recurrent speciation rates on islands decline with species number

description: In an archipelagic system, species diversity is maintained and determined
 by the balance among speciation, extinction, and migration. As the number
 of species increases, the average population size of each species
 decreases, and the extinction likelihood of any given species grows. In
 contrast, the role of reduced population size in geographic speciation has
 received comparatively less research attention. Here, to study the rate of
 recurrent speciation, we adopted a simple multi-species two-island model
 and considered symmetric interspecific competition on each island. As the
 number of species increases on an island, the competition intensifies, and
 the size of the resident population decreases. In contrast, the number of
 migrants is likely to exhibit a weaker than a proportional relationship
 with the size of the source population due to rare oceanic dispersal. If
 this is the case, as the number of species on the recipient island
 increases, the impact of migration strengthens and decelerates the
 occurrence of further speciation events. According to our analyses, the
 number of species can be stabilised at a finite level, even in the absence
 of extinction.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cjsxksn5d
title: Imprints of latitude, host taxon and decay stage on fungus-associated arthropod communities

description: Interactions among fungi and insects involve hundreds of thousands of
 species. While insect communities on plants have formed some of the
 classic model systems in ecology, fungus-based communities and the forces
 structuring them remain poorly studied by comparison. We characterize the
 arthropod communities associated with fruiting bodies of eight mycorrhizal
 basidiomycete fungus species from three different orders along a 1200-km
 latitudinal gradient in northern Europe. We hypothesized that—matching the
 pattern seen for most insect taxa on plants—we would observe a general
 decrease of fungal-associated species with latitude. Against this
 backdrop, we expected local communities to be structured by host identity
 and phylogeny, with more closely related fungal species sharing more
 similar communities of associated organisms. As a more unique dimension
 added by the ephemeral nature of fungal fruiting bodies, we expected
 further imprints generated by successional change, with younger fruiting
 bodies harboring communities different from older ones. Using DNA
 metabarcoding to identify arthropod communities from fungal fruiting
 bodies, we find that latitude leaves a clear imprint on fungus-associated
 arthropod community composition, with host phylogeny and decay stage of
 fruiting bodies leaving lesser but still-detectable effects. The main
 latitudinal imprint is on a high arthropod species turnover, with no
 detectable pattern in overall species richness. Overall, these findings
 paint a new picture of the drivers of fungus-associated arthropod
 communities, suggesting that latitude will not affect how many arthropod
 species inhabits a fruiting body, but rather what species occur in it and
 at what relative abundances (as measured by sequence read counts). These
 patterns upset simplistic predictions regarding latitudinal gradients in
 species richness and in the strength of biotic interactions.
description: Fungal samples were collected from Finland and Estonia by
 volunteers. Samples were frozen in -21C and homogenized at Helsinki
 University. DNA was extracted from complete fruiting bodies using
 salt-isopropanol extraction, and purified using a double step SPRI
 purification. COI primers (Leray) with heterogeneity spacers were used in
 PCR, samples were indexed, and equivalent libariers were pooled. Indexed
 using MiSeq. Data was trimmed, and resulting FASTAs were assigned to ZOTUs
 and compared against a BOLD reference list. Finally, ZOTUs were
 hand-filtered to provide a list of arthropod taxa present in individual
 fruiting bodies.
description: The purification of the samples is done to get rid of
 contaminants that disrupt PCR process.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0vt4b8gxx
title: Biodiversity citizen science: outcomes for the participating citizens

description: 1. Citizen science (CS) is regarded a promising format in environmental
 and sustainability education as well as in science education. CS projects
 often assume that participation in the project influences, for example,
 participants' knowledge or behaviour. 2. We investigated whether and
 to what extent biodiversity citizen science (BDCS) projects, from the
 participants' self-reported perspective, achieve the following six
 participant outcomes: (1) content, process, and nature of science
 knowledge, (2) skills of science inquiry, (3) self-efficacy for science
 and the environment, (4) interest in science and the environment, (5)
 motivation for science and the environment, and (6) behaviour towards the
 environment. 3. For this purpose, we conducted an online survey of 1,160
 CS participants across 63 BDCS projects in Europe, Australia, and New
 Zealand. Our survey was aimed at adults participating in CS voluntarily.
 4. Survey respondents reported positive changes in all six categories. The
 most notable result across projects was that self-reported increases in
 knowledge, self-efficacy, interest, and motivation were found to be more
 pronounced when regarding the environment rather than science. Perceived
 gains in data collection skills were reported to be higher than gains in
 skills not directly connected to data collection. Reported behaviour
 changes primarily concerned communication activities, to a lesser degree
 also gardening activities, and finally more general environmental
 behaviour. 5. In addition to these six participant outcomes, respondents
 mentioned a variety of other positive and negative outcomes, for example,
 health and wellbeing, enjoyment, a sense of satisfaction, an increased
 connection to people and nature, but also a more pessimistic view
 regarding the future of the environment. 6. We conclude that BDCS projects
 could have a high potential for environmental and sustainability education
 as well as science education. Further research should investigate
 individual participant outcomes in more depth and should focus on the
 factors that influence these participant outcomes. Moreover, exploring the
 perspectives of both project participants and project coordinators would
 be valuable. In this way, it would be possible to improve the development
 and design of CS projects. As a result, BDCS projects could more
 effectively achieve outcomes for the participants, for science, and for
 biodiversity.
description: This dataset can be opened with SPSS software.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6wwpzgmxt
title: Colorimetric sensing of cephradine through polypropylene glycol functionalized gold nanoparticles

description: Development of metal nanoparticle based facile colorimetric assays for
 drugs and insecticides is an emerging area of scientific research. In the
 present work, polypropylene glycol (PPG) were utilized for stabilization
 of AuNPs (Gold nanoparticles) by using simple one-pot two-phase process
 and subsequently employed for the specific detection of Cephradine (CPH).
 The characterization of the prepared PPG-AuNPs was conducted through
 various analytical techniques such as UV-visible, Fourier Transform
 Infra-Red (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), zeta
 potential and zetasizer. As the major target of the study, the stabilized
 PPG-AuNPs were employed for colorimetric detection of CPH and other drugs.
 Typical wine red color of PPG-AuNPs disappeared immediately and SPR band
 quenched by addition of CPH in presence of several other interferents
 (drugs and salts) and in real samples. PPG-AuNPs permitted efficient,
 selective, quantitative and rapid recognition in a concentration range of
 0.01-120 mM with a detection limit of 10.98 mM. The developed sensor has
 the potential to be used for quick scanning of pharmaceutical formulations
 for quantification of CPH at production facilities.
description: UV-visible spectrophotometer
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8sf7m0cmf
title: Neuronal dystroglycan interactome

description: To assemble a brain, differentiating neurons must make proper connections
 and establish specialized brain compartments. Abnormal levels of cell
 adhesion molecules disrupt these processes. Dystroglycan (Dg) is a major
 non-integrin cell adhesion receptor, deregulation of which is associated
 with dramatic neuroanatomical defects such as lissencephaly type II, or
 cobblestone brain. The previously
 established Drosophila model for cobblestone encephaly
 was used to understand how Dg is regulated in the brain. During
 development, Dg has a spatiotemporally dynamic expression pattern,
 fine-tuning of which is crucial for accurate brain assembly. In addition,
 mass spectrometry analyses identified numerous components associated with
 Dg in neurons, including several proteins of the exocyst
 complex. Data show that exocyst-based membrane
 trafficking of Dg allows its distinct expression pattern, essential for
 proper brain morphogenesis. Further studies of the Dg neuronal interactome
 will allow identification of new factors involved in the development of
 dystroglycanopathies and advance disease diagnostics in humans.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0k6djhb02
title: Evolutionary versatility of the avian neck

description: Bird necks display unparalleled levels of morphological diversity compared
 to other vertebrates, yet it is unclear what factors have structured this
 variation. Using 3D geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistics we
 show that the avian cervical column is a hierarchical morpho-functional
 appendage, with varying magnitudes of ecologically-driven morphological
 variation at different scales of organisation. Contrary to expectations
 given the widely-varying ecological functions of necks in different
 species, we find that regional modularity of the avian neck is highly
 conserved, with an overall structural blueprint that is significantly
 altered only by the most mechanically demanding ecological functions.
 Nevertheless, the morphologies of vertebrae within subregions of the neck
 show more prominent signals of adaptation to ecological pressures. We also
 find that both neck length allometry and the nature of neck elongation in
 birds are different to other vertebrates. In contrast to mammals, neck
 length scales isometrically with head mass and, contrary to previous work,
 we show that neck elongation in birds is achieved predominantly by
 increasing vertebral lengths rather than counts. Birds therefore possess a
 cervical spine that may be unique in its versatility amongst extant
 vertebrates, one that, since the origin of flight, has adapted to function
 as a surrogate forelimb in varied ecological niches.
description: Three-dimensional digital models were created for every cervical
 vertebrae (except the atlas, C1) for 54 specimens (48 distinct species,
 Table S2) of extant birds, from medical and microCT scans using Avizo 7.1
 (Visualisation Science Group, supplementary information).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.z612jm6bj
title: Supplementary material: How should functional relationships be evaluated using phylogenetic comparative methods? A case study using metabolic rate and body temperature

description: Phylogenetic comparative methods are often used to test functional
 relationships between traits. However, million-year macroevolutionary
 observational datasets cannot definitively prove causal links between
 traits --- correlation does not equal causation and experimental
 manipulation over such timescales is impossible. While this caveat is
 widely understood, it is far less appreciated that different phylogenetic
 approaches make different causal assumptions about the functional
 relationships of traits. In order to make meaningful inferences, it is
 critical that our statistical methods make biologically reasonable
 assumptions. Here we illustrate the importance of causal reasoning in
 comparative biology by examining a recent study
 by Avaria-Llautureo et al. (2019) that tested for the
 evolutionary coupling of metabolic rate and body temperature across
 endotherms and made the notable discoveries that these traits were
 unlinked through evolutionary time and that body temperatures were, on
 average, higher in the early Cenozoic than they are today. We argue that
 the causal assumptions embedded into their models made it impossible for
 them to actually test the relevant functional and evolutionary hypothesis.
 We then re-analyze their data using more biologically appropriate models
 and find support for the exact opposite conclusions, corroborating
 previous evidence from physiology and paleontology. We highlight the vital
 need for causal thinking, even when experiments are impossible. 
description: This dataset includes scripts and data from the original cited
 literature, as well as simulated data with the generating code.<br>
 <br> Supplementary Text and supplementary Figure 1 are available in
 the SupplementaryMaterial.* files. Version history, including up to date
 code, is available at the git repository:
 https://github.com/uyedaj/Tb_ALEA.<br> <br> Supplementary
 Figure 1. Simulated values of contrast correlations from
 phylogenetically-distributed rate scalars demonstrates reasonable power to
 detect significant relationships between rates directly from contrasts in
 the presence of rate variation. Open circles indicate that the contrast
 Pearson-correlation coefficient was non-significant, whereas filled black
 circles indicate it is significantly correlated in X and Y. Red outlines
 indicate that the true correlation coefficient among branch rates are
 significant, whereas black outlines indicate even with perfect knowledge
 of the branch rates, the obesrved correlation was non-significant.
 Observed values from the empirical data are shown, while note that the
 data are simulated to match the Mammalian, not bird data.
description: Usage information and a description of the contents of the
 repository, and the data sources used, is provided in
 "README.txt".
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.w0vt4b8qf
title: Influence of the haemosporidian Leucocytozoon spp. over reproductive output in a wild Neotropical passerine, the Thorn-tailed Rayadito Aphrastura spinicauda

description: Life-history theory predicts that hosts may adjust the costs of parasites
 by altering their reproductive effort. Haemosporidian parasites can affect
 the reproductive output of wild birds in multiple ways. Thorn-tailed
 Rayaditos Aphrastura spinicauda breeding in Navarino Island, Southern
 Chile (55°-40° S) experience high prevalence of the haemosporidian
 Leucocytozoon spp., which opens the possibility of exploring how these
 parasites may affect reproductive output in a Neotropical bird species. We
 compared several variables describing reproductive output (laying date,
 clutch size, incubation period, brood size, nestling body condition and
 early-life telomere length) of infected and non-infected parents
 (individually and as breeding pairs). We found that infected-females and
 breeding pairs with both parents infected showed significantly shorter
 incubation periods than un-infected Thorn-tailed Rayaditos. Furthermore,
 breeding pairs with both parents infected raised nestlings with higher
 body condition than nestlings for which infection was present in only one
 or in none of the parents. Our results suggest that the higher the
 parental investment, the higher the risk of relapse of chronic infection
 by Leucocytozoon spp. Thorn-tailed Rayaditos that decrease their
 incubation period pay the cost of infection to take advantage of early
 breeding through a greater more availability of resources, producing
 nestlings with higher body condition.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n2z34tmw2
title: Data from: Natural Zeitgebers under temperate conditions cannot compensate for the loss of a functional circadian clock in timing of a vital behavior in Drosophila

description: The adaptive significance of adjusting behavioral activities to the right
 time of the day seems obvious but is under debate. Our data provides
 evidence that proper timing of eclosion, a vital behavior of the fruit fly
 Drosophila melanogaster, requires a functional molecular clock under
 quasi-natural conditions. We compared eclosion profiles and assessed
 eclosion rhythmicity in wildtype flies (CS) and clock-related mutant
 strains (per01, pdf01, han5304) under laboratory and outdoor conditions.
 In the laboratory, flies were entrained in either light-dark cycle
 (LD12:12) or warm (25°C)-cold (16°C) cycle  (WC12:12), and tested
 under entrainment or constant conditions using TriKinetics Drosophila
 Eclosion Monitors. For outdoor assays, a WEclMon system was used and
 experiments were performed between July-Octobre 2014 and July-Octobre
 2016. Flies with a defective molecular clock showed impaired rhythmicity
 and gating under natural temperate conditions in Würzburg/Germany even in
 the presence of a full complement of abiotic Zeitgebers. We also found
 that eclosion rhythmicity cannot be entrained by daily cycles in relative
 humidity. Low relative humidity also did not or only weakly affect the
 ability of the flies to eclose and unfold their wings. Our results suggest
 that the presence of natural Zeitgebers is not sufficient, and a
 functional molecular clock is required to induce stable temporal eclosion
 patterns in flies under temperate conditions with considerable day-today
 variation in light intensity and temperature. Temperate Zeitgebers are,
 however, sufficient to functionally rescue a loss of PDF-signalling. The
 data set belongs to the publication: Ruf F, Mitesser O, Mungwa ST, Horn M,
 Rieger D, Hovestadt T, and Wegener C (2021) Natural Zeitgebers Under
 Temperate Conditions Cannot Compensate for the Loss of a Functional
 Circadian Clock in Timing of a Vital Behavior in Drosophila. Journal of
 Biological Rhythms 36: 271–285. DOI: 10.1177/0748730421998112.
description: Outdoor eclosion measurements were carried out with the WEclMon
 system. Laboratory eclosion measurement were carried out using TriKinetics
 Eclosion monitors. Abiotic factors were measured using
 145S dataloggers (MSR Electronics).
description:   raw_data Contains raw sequence data.
 folder
 &lt;lab_experiments_DEM&gt; 
 Data files with the results of the individual lab
 experiments for eclosion under different entrainment
 regimes. folder
 &lt;outdoor_experiments_WEclM&gt;
 Excel data files with the results of the individual
 outdoor experiments.Also contains environmental data (relative humidity,
 temperature, light intensity) 
 &lt;climatedata_season_2016.xlsx&gt; Excel data file with the climate data for the season 2016.  &lt;humidity_experiments.xls&gt; Excel data file with the results of the lab experiments for eclosion under different relative humidities.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tx95x69x0
title: Reversible plasticity in brain size, behavior, and physiology characterizes caste 2 transitions in a socially flexible ant (Harpegnathos saltator)

description: Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to respond to changing environments
 throughout their lifetime, but these changes are rarely reversible.
 Exceptions occur in relatively long-lived vertebrate species that exhibit
 seasonal plasticity in brain size, although similar changes have not been
 identified in short-lived species, such insects. Here we investigate brain
 plasticity in reproductive workers of the ant Harpegnathos
 saltator. Unlike most ant species, workers of H.
 saltator are capable of sexual reproduction, and they compete in
 a dominance tournament to establish a group of reproductive workers,
 termed “gamergates.” We demonstrated that, compared to foragers,
 gamergates exhibited a 19% reduction in brain volume in addition to
 significant differences in behavior, ovarian status, venom production,
 cuticular hydrocarbon profile, and expression profiles of related genes.
 In experimentally manipulated gamergates, 6-8 weeks after being reverted
 back to non- reproductive status their phenotypes shifted to the forager
 phenotype across all traits we measured, including brain volume, a trait
 in which changes were previously shown to be irreversible in honey bees
 and Drosophila. Brain plasticity in H.
 saltator is therefore more similar to that found in some
 long-lived vertebrates that display reversible changes in brain volume
 throughout their lifetimes.