DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q573n5tp2
title: Unique functional diversity during early Cenozoic mammal radiation of North America

description: Mammals influence nearly all aspects of energy flow and habitat structure
 in modern terrestrial ecosystems. However, anthropogenic effects likely
 have altered mammalian community structure, raising the question of how
 past perturbations have done so. We use functional diversity to describe
 how the structure of North American mammal communities changes over the
 past 66 Ma, an interval spanning the rebound radiation following the K/Pg
 and several subsequent environmental disruptions including the PETM, the
 expansion of grassland, and the onset of Pleistocene glaciation. For 264
 fossil communities, we examine three aspects of ecological function:
 functional evenness, functional richness, and functional divergence.
 Shifts in functional diversity are significantly related to major
 ecological and environmental transitions. All three measures of functional
 diversity increase immediately following the extinction of the non-avian
 dinosaurs, suggesting that high degrees of ecological disturbance can lead
 to synchronous responses both locally and continentally. Otherwise, the
 components of functional diversity respond differently to environmental
 changes and are decoupled for the last ~56 million years.
description: Mammal occurrences were collected using the primary literature
 and paleobiology database. Mammal trait data was gathered from primary
 literature and various online databases including the paleobiology
 database and NOW database. All traits and occurrrences have a citation.
 All locality data information is available in a csv file. Dates were
 refined using the primary literature and all citations are provided in the
 document. I have the database attached as a csv file. 
description: # North American Cenozoic Mammal Traits This dataset includes information
 on fossil localities and mammal traits. The fossil localities and mammal
 occurrence data were collected from the Paleobiology Database
 ([https://paleobiodb.org](https://paleobiodb.org)). Some locality dates
 were refined using the primary literature. The sources and information
 gathered for this process are included in the other datafile located on my
 Github (see link below) called "Locality_Date_Refinement". The
 sources of each trait is listed as "Ref". Some may contain
 multiple sources. The "Other Sources" column was added when
 further sources were collected to infer traits of a species. The column
 "Alternative_Name" reflects another name the species may have
 been identified as in other databases where trait data was collected. ##
 Description of the Data and file structure #### **CSV File Name:
 Datafile4\_PrimaryReference\_FDNA.csv** \**Description of file: This file
 contains information downloaded from the Paleobiology Database providing
 information on the fossil collection used in this study. The database
 provides information about the original collectors, location and
 collection methodology. All cells filled with N/A represent information
 that is not available. **Variables:** * collection_no: The collection
 number as listed in the Paleobiology Database * record_type: The type of
 record. All records included are 'col' or collection records. *
 formation: The rock formation the collection is from. * lng: longitude of
 the collection location * lat: latitude of the collection location *
 collection_name: the name of the collection identified in the primary
 literature * collection_aka: Alternative name for the collection. Some
 collections do not have an alternative name are blank here. * n_occs: the
 number of fossil occurrences that are from the collection in the
 Paleobiology Database * early_interval: the earliest estimated time
 interval of the collection * late_interval: the latest estimated time
 interval of the collection * max_ma: maximum estimated age of the
 collection * min_ma: minimum estimated age of the collection *
 reference_no: the reference number as listed in the Paleobiology Database
 * collection_methods: the field methodology used to collect specimens from
 the collection * museum: the museum that the collection is stored in. Some
 museum information is unavailable. * collection_coverage: The extent of
 faunal collection. Some information unavailable. * collection_size: The
 number of specimens found in the collection. * rock_censused: No data
 available * collectors: The names of the people who were involved in the
 collection of the specimens * collection_dates: The year that the
 collections were acquired. Some information unavailable *
 collection_comments: Additional comments about the way the collection was
 acquired. Some information unavailable. * taxonomy_comments: Additional
 comments about the specific locations that taxa were found or notes about
 significant findings. Some information unavailable. * primary_reference:
 The primary published reference that first described this collection. ---
 #### **CSV File Name: Datafile5\_LocalityDates.csv** \**Description of
 file: A data frame of compiled information about the localities,
 formations, zones, units and members that allowed for a refinement of the
 locality dates. These refined age ranges are not meant to be able to
 target the exact age, but instead better estimate average than previously
 defined ranges provided by paleobio.org. Not all localities listed here
 were included in this study and many components. Any information that
 could be found to help refine the estimated age of a locality was added.
 However, the refined dates were typically found based on a single
 component (e.g., zone, fauna, member), all other components were left
 blank due to unavailable information. All cells filled with N/A represent
 information that is not available. **Variables:** * Formation: The rock
 formation  * Locality: The fossil locality name * Unit: The unit of rock *
 Member: The formation member * Section: The section of the rock formation
 * Group: The defined faunal group * Magnetozones: The magnetozones of the
 defined area. * Epoch/Age:  The estimated epoch or age of the defined area
 * Zone: The zone of the rock formation * Subdivisions: The subdivisions of
 the rock formation that may combine multiple groups or faunas * Sediment:
 The type of sediment that is character of the defined collection area *
 Fauna: The fauna that represents the defined collection area *
 Estimated_Date_Range: The refined estimated date range based on primary
 references * Identified Interval Citation: Reference that provided an
 interval of time (e.g., epoch, age, etc.). For many localities no interval
 was identified and this was left blank. * Interval Dating Citation (ma):
 Reference that provided refined dates for the locality --- #### **CSV File
 Name: Datafile3\_1myr\_TimeBin\_Data.csv** \**Description of file: **This
 datafile contains all calculated values used to evaluate functional
 diversity and abiotic and biotic factors in 1-million-year time bins. All
 cells filled with N/A represent information that is not available.
 **Variables:** * Ma: The 1-million-year time bin being represented *
 Extinct_ml_rate: The extinction rate of the time bin * Orig_ml_rate: The
 origination rate of the time bin * observed: The observed number of
 species in the time bin * synoptic: The estimated species richness of the
 time bin using the synoptic model * chao2: The estimated species richness
 of the time bin using the chao2 * tripps: The estimated species richness
 of the time bin using the tripps model * lognormal: The estimated species
 richness of the time bin using the lognormal model * max_extrapolated: The
 maximum species richness estimated for the time bin * do18: The averaged
 d018 values for the time bin * do18_sd: The standard deviation of the d018
 for the time bin * Faunal_Prop.Archaic: The proportion of extinct orders
 within the time bin * Fdiv_mean: The averaged functional divergence value
 calculated for the time bin * Fric_mean: The averaged functional richness
 value calculated for the time bin * Feve_mean: The averaged functional
 evenness value calculated for the time bin * Faunal_Fric: The calculated
 functional richness for fauna in the time bin * Faunal_Fdiv: The
 calculated functional divergence for fauna in the time bin * Faunal_Feve:
 The calculated functional evenness for fauna in the time bin * Epoch: The
 epoch that the time bin belongs to * Local_PropArchaic_Mean: The average
 proportion of extinct orders for all localities within a time bin *
 Feve_se: The standard deviation of the averaged functional evenness for a
 time bin * Fric_se: The standard deviation of the averaged functional
 richness for a time bin * Fdiv_se: The standard deviation of the averaged
 functional divergence for a time bin --- #### **CSV File Name:
 Datafile2\_FunctionalCommunities\_Final.csv** **Description of file: This
 file contains calculations of each locality to evaluate changes in
 functional diversity over time.** **Variables:** * Locality: The name of
 the locality * Fric: Calculated functional richness * Feve: Calculated
 functional evenness * Fdiv: Calculated functional divergence * lat:
 Latitude of the locality * lng: Longitude of the locality * Ma: The
 average estimated age of the locality * dO18.st.dev: The standard
 deviation of the d018 values for the locality       * dO18: The d018
 values averaged for the locality * paleolat: The paleo-latitude *
 paleolng: The paleo-longitude * Species_Richness: The number of species in
 the locality * Orders_Extinct: The number of orders extinct within the
 locality * Prop.Archaic: The proportion of extinct orders in the locality
 * Epoch: The epoch the locality is estimated to belong to. * Date.Range:
 The difference in age between the earliest and latest date estimate. *
 Mil_TimeBin: The 1-million-year time bin the locality belongs to. *
 Fric_MassRemoved: Calculated functional richness value after the removal
 of body mass as a trait * Fdiv_MassRemoved: Calculated functional
 divergence value after the removal of body mass as a trait *
 Feve_MassRemoved: Calculated functional evenness value after the removal
 of body mass as a trait --- #### **CSV File Name:
 Datafile1\_NAMammalTraits\_Database.csv** \**Description of file:
 **Database containing information about each mammal occurrence used in
 this study, including age, location, locality, collection, traits, and
 references. All cells filled with N/A represent information that is not
 available. **Variables:** * Collection_nu: The number of the collection as
 listed at paleobiodb.org * Locality: Locality name as listed at
 paleobiodb.org * Ma1:The latest estimated age of locality * Ma: The
 average age of the locality based on the latest and earliest age estimates
 * Ma2: The earliest estimated age of the locality * Date Range: The range
 of time between the earliest and latest interval * order: the taxonomic
 order of the species * family: the taxonomic family of the species *
 Species:  The taxonomic species of name of the specimen * Genus: The
 taxonomic genus of the specimen * Name: The full species and genus name of
 the specimen * order extinct: Whether or not the order is extinct (1=No,
 0=Yes) * LogMass g: The estimated body mass of the species in logged grams
 * Diet: The diet of the species listed in the paleobiodb.org      *
 Locomotion: Morphological description of the locomotion style of the
 species based on references * Life Habit: The life habit of a species
 based on where it primarily lives based on references * Diet 2: If
 applicable, the secondary diet listed in paleobiodb.org * Recode Diet: The
 final primary diet designated to the species for this study based on Diet
 1 and Diet 2, as well as references * Alternative_Name: The alternative
 name of the species * Averaged: Indicates if the body mass was averaged at
 a higher taxonomic level than species. If blank, the average body mass was
 at the species level * Mass.fill: Indicates how the average body mass was
 determined if not by species average * Diet.Fill: Indicates how the
 species diet was determined if not by species * Life.Habit.Fill: Indicates
 how the species life habit was determined if not by species *
 Locomotion.Fill: Indicates how the species locomotion was determined if
 not by species * Ref Diet: References used to define the diet of the
 species * Ref Locomotion: References used to define the locomotion of the
 species * Ref Life Habit: References used to define the life habit of the
 species * Ref Recode Diet: References used to define the primary diet of
 the species * Ref Mass: References used to define the average species body
 mass * Other Sources: Any other references that provided additional
 information about the species traits that may have contributed to the
 decision to designate trait categories to a species. * lng: longitudinal
 location  * lat: latitudinal location * state: the state the occurrence
 was located * paleolng: The paleo-latitute * paleolat: The paleo-longitude
 --- ## Sharing/access Information Data and code for this study are
 available on my Github page
 [https://github.com/Abshup22](https://github.com/Abshup22)