cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/25194
title: Replication data for: Hot spots in Riau, haze in Singapore: the June 2013 event analyzed. ASB Policybrief No. 33

description: This dataset was moved to: https://doi.org/10.34725/DVN/25194The fire-haze episode straddling the Strait of Malacca in June 2013 has reignited debates that have been repeated for at least the last two decades. All allegations of causation are probably true: somewhere. None of them seem to be true as generalizations that can be stated with confidence. In the current debate, finger pointing still alternates between the small- and large-scale agricultural operators. The latter include companies with headquarters in Singapore and Malaysia, where ironically, the undesirable haze accompanies the financial returns on their investments. We analyzed the spatial data and, in combination with reports from the field, a new perspective has emerged. Using a free data source from the Earth Observing System (http://earthdata.nasa.gov/data/near-real-time-data/firms/active-fire-data) and Indonesia peat (Wahyunto, Ritung and Subagjo, 2003) and moratorium map , as well as our own 2010 land-cover classificat ion data (from the ALLREDDI project), we selected only the hotspots with a &gt;90% confidence level recorded. Hot spots are the most widely used indicator of surface fires, but need on-the-ground verification as there can be other causes of high temperatures being reflected to the satellite sensors (Arino and Rosaz, 1999). The number of hotspots observed varies from year to year but the June 2013 event in Riau stands out from the pattern of the last 10 years. A total of 3270 fire hot spots on the island of Sumatra were detected for 2013, with over 90% in June and 2492 just for the week of 26 June; 78% (1942 hot spots) were found to be located on peatland and they likely the main cause of persisting haze. More than 95% of the hot spots in Sumatra occurred in Riau province. The two dominant trends of land-use change in the area are the development of plantation forestry for the pulp and paper industry and the expansion of oil-palm plantations. Both are implicated in the June 2013 fires, with hot spots occurring in oil-palm and pulp-and-paper parts of the landscape. According to a World Resources Institute report (Sizer et al 2013), 27% of the hotspots that occurred Â20 June were inside timber plantations and 20% in oil-palm plantations. Mining concessions might be implicated as well but since details of the current concessions in Indonesia are not in the public domain further analysis is constrained.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/25248
title: Replication data for: Generic lures attract cerambycid beetles in a tropical montane rain forest in southern China

description: This dataset was moved to: https://doi.org/10.34725/DVN/25248The attraction of cerambycid beetles to 10 known cerambycid pheromones was tested in a tropical montane rain forest in southern China. From 28 May to 25 June 2010, 1,526 cerambycids representing 71 species were captured in pheromone-baited traps, with 14 species accounting for 92% of the specimens. Test compounds with a 3-hydroxyalkan-2-one or 2,3-alkanediol motif attracted significant numbers of both sexes for eight species in the subfamily Cerambycinae, including species of Demonax, Rhaphuma, and Xylotrechus. Rhaphuma horsfieldi (White) was the only species that was strongly attracted to more than one test compound, with significant attraction to both (2R*,3R*)- 2,3-hexanediol and (2R*,3R*)-2,3-octanediol. Within the Lamiinae, males and females of species were significantly attracted to 2-(undecyloxy)ethanol, including Acalolepta formosana (Breuning), Monochamus bimaculatus Gahan, Pharsalia subgemmata (Thomson), Pseudomacrochenus antennatus (Gahan), and Xenohammus bimaculatus Schwarzer. Only male Megopis costipennis White (Prioninae) were significantly attracted to (2R*,3S*)-2,3-octanediol, suggesting that this compound may be a sex pheromone component for this species. To date, 2,3-octanediols have only been reported as aggregatio n pheromone components for cerambycids in the subfamily Cerambycinae. Our results support the hypothesis that both closely related (congeners) and more distantly related cerambycid species (different tribes and even subfamilies) may share pheromone components. Our results also demonstrate that traps baited with even a limited number of different classes of pheromones may be useful tools for surveying cerambycid diversity, as well as for detecting and monitoring particular species, especially those that have the potential to be invasive pests in other parts of the world.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/25231
title: Replication data for: Will funding to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and (forest) Degradation (REDD+) stop conversion of peat swamps to oil palm in orangutan habitat in Tripa in Aceh, Indonesia?

description: This dataset was moved to: https://doi.org/10.34725/DVN/25231Tripa is the last remaining peat-swamp forest that harbours a poten tially viable Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) sub-population in a formally but not effectively protected area. It appears to be a simple showcase where current efforts to financially support reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) converge with biodiversity and social co-benefits. In practice, however, the situation is more complex. REDD+ efforts interact with global palm oil trade and regulatory approaches (the moratorium) to achieve national goals for emissions reduction under umbrella of nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMA). To contextualize this debate, we assessed (i) land-use history and formal basis of palm-oil companies' rights; (ii) carbon (C) stocks, historical emission levels and potential emissions that can be avoided; (iii) economic benefits of land-use options and opportunity costs of avoiding emissions; (iv) biodiversity and environmental services; and (v) alternative options for "high C stock development" and employment generation. Natural forest cover declined (54 % in 1995, 18 % in 2009) while oil palm increased 4 - 39 %. Aboveground C stocks decreased from 148 Mg ha -1 in 1990 to 61 Mg ha-1 in 2009, leading to average annual emissions of 14.5 Mg (carbon dioxide) CO2e ha -1 year-1. While 41 % of these emissions yield less than American Dollar (USD) 5 of current economic benefits per Mg CO2e emitted and might be compensated by REDD+, nearly all new emissions derive from a breach of existing laws, regulations and voluntary palm-oil standards. Substantial investment in alternative employment is needed, rather than carbon payments per se, to support livelihoods in a low carbon emissions economy
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/25233
title: Trees for Food Security Project-Local Knowledge-Farmers on trees and associated management in Gishwati, Rwanda

description: This dataset was moved to: https://doi.org/10.34725/DVN/25233The specific objectives of the study are: 1) Land-use characterization 2) Examine farmers knowledge of factors that have influenced their current food security status; and their coping mechanisms 3) Examine farmers’ knowledge of the role of trees and management in achieving household food security 4) Explore challenges and opportunities towards achieving food security
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/25320
title: Architechture of Reducing Emissions from All Land Uses (REALU)

description: This dataset was moved to: https://doi.org/10.34725/DVN/25320Data for Architechture of Reducing Emissions from All Land Uses (REALU)
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/25212
title: Replication data for: Rubber agroforests in a changing landscape: analysis of land use/cover trajectories in Bungo district, Indonesia

description: This dataset was moved to: https://doi.org/10.34725/DVN/25212Land cover has changed dramatically in Sumatra Island, Indonesia over the last decades. Rampant deforestation has drawn a lot of attention due to the potential global impact of the associated carbon stock loss on climate warming and the erosion of biodiversity. The various land uses which replace natural forest are not equally benign to the environment. Rubber agroforests (jungle rubber) are extensive traditional cropping systems. They have been singled out by previous studies as the best land use option for biodiversity conservation once forest is cleared, while allowing farmers to make a living from the deforested land. But how sustainable are complex agroforestry systems themselves? Are they not just a transient stage in the overall process of land use intensification? We studied land cover change in the Bungo district, in Jambi, Sumatra (Indonesia), a 4,550 km2 area. Large forest tracks have been cleared since the early seventies and replaced by rubber plantations, oil palm plantations and other agricultural land-uses. Landsat images taken between 1973 and 2005 were used to quantify the trends of land cover changes in the area. During that period forest cover fell from more than 75% to 30%. Simultaneously monoculture plantations increased from 3% to over 40%, while rubber agroforests, decreased from 15% to 11%. Strikingly most of the rubber agroforests present in 2005 where absent in1973 while most of the rubber agroforests present in 1973 had been replaced by more intensive agricultural systems by 2005. Rubber agroforests are now the ultimate reservoir of the original lowland forest biodiversity since natural forest has almost completely disappeared from the peneplain. They are however under growing pressure themselves and have incurred an accelerated conversion rate to more intensive agricultural systems in the period 2002 to 2005. This is the land cover change database for Bungo District which are used to produce the land cover change and trajectories analysis
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/25239
title: Replication data for: Community Monitoring for REDD+: International Promises and Field Realities

description: This dataset was moved to: https://doi.org/10.34725/DVN/25239Will community monitoring assist in delivering just and equitable REDD+? We assessed whether local communities can effectively estimate carbon stocks in some of the worldâs most carbon rich forests, using simple field protocols, and we reviewed whether community monitoring exists in current REDD+ pilots. We obtained similar results for forest carbon when measured by communities and professional foresters in 289 vegetation plots in Southeast Asia. Most REDD+ monitoring schemes, however, contain no community involvement. To close the gulf between United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change texts on involving communities and field implementation realities, we propose greater embedding of community monitoring within national REDD+ pilot schemes, which we argue will lead to a more just REDD+.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/25260
title: Replication data for: Farmer attitudes and intentions towards trees in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) farms in CoËte dâIvoire

description: This dataset was moved to: https://doi.org/10.34725/DVN/25260Cocoa yields in CoËte dâIvoire are low and falling each year, partly as a result of full-sun cropping systems. Thus, interest is now high in establishing sustainable cocoa agroforestry systems through the reintroduction of shade trees. This article uses data collected from a sample of 400 cocoa farmers in the SoubreÂ´ region of CoËte dâIvoire to analyze farmersâ current and intention to plant trees in their cocoa farms in the future and the motivation for their decision. Logit regressions are used to assess the various determinants of current tree planting behaviour and future adoption intention. Results show that both current and likelihood of deliberately planting trees with mcocoa in the future is significantly affected by extension and certification programs, severity of diseases affecting cocoa, and geographic zone. Future intentions to associate trees with cocoa are further influenced by the age of the farmers, household size and the average age of the cocoa farm. To increase the adoption of tree planting in cocoa fields there is the need to intensify extension messages on the benefit of shade trees in cocoa farms especially in areas where adoption intention is still low. Where awareness is high, adoption can be increased through the suppl y of seedlings and provision of specific trainings on planting density and management techniques to ensure that agroforestry has the maximum positive effect.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/25266
title: Replication data for: A conjoint analysis of landholder preferences for reward-based land-management contracts in Kapingazi watershed, Eastern Mount Kenya

description: This dataset was moved to: https://doi.org/10.34725/DVN/25266Unsustainable land-use decisions and agricultural practices have become the key drivers of deteriorating watershed services in developing countries. However, landholders may have little or no incentives to take these impacts into account in their decision-making process. In recent years, reward-based provision of environmental services has emerged as an important market-based incentive for motivating landholders to adopt environmentally friendly land-use changes and agricultural practices. In this regard, for instance, the Pro-Poor Rewards for Environmental Services in Africa (PRESA) project has emerged as a large network to support and facilitate reward mechanisms in Africa. However, in many African rural settings, little is known about landholder attitudes and preferences related to the alternative land-management schemes. Using locally identified sets of six key land-management attributes, this paper applies conjoint methods to evaluate landholder preferences towards alternative land-management schemes aimed at enhancing the provision of watershed services i n the River Kapingazi catchment in central Kenya. Data were collected from primary sources through focus groups and a questionnaire based conjoint survey. Three conjoint models were used; a traditional conjoint ratings model, a binary logit model, and an ordered logit model. Results from the focus groups indicated that shortage of water for both domestic use and irrigation was perceived as the most acute environmental problem in the area. Deforestation, poor river bank management and agricultural practices were identified as the major causes of the problem. Results from conjoint models show that the three principal attributes influencing landholderâs ratings and probability of adopting the proposed land management options were âsize of land area to be committedâ, âlength of contract periodâ, and âgranting or prohibiting rights to harvest environmental products from the committed landâ. Thus, these attributes should be the focal points in designing land-management contract for watershed services in the study area.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/25313
title: Replication data for: Mapping Leaf Area Index in subtropical upland ecosystems using RapidEye imagery and the randomForest algorithm.iForest - Biosciences and Forestry

description: This dataset was moved to: https://doi.org/10.34725/DVN/25313Canopy leaf area, frequently quantified by the Leaf Area Index (LAI), serves as the dominant control over primary production, energy exchange, transpiration, and other physiological attributes related to ecosystem processes. Maps depicting the spatial distribution of LAI across the landscape are of particularly high value for a better understanding of ecosystem dynamics and processes, especially over large and remote areas. Moreover, LAI maps have the potential to be used by process models describing energy and mass exchanges in the biosphere/ atmosphere system. In this article we assess the applicability of the RapidEye satellite system, whose sensor is optimized towards vegetation analyses, for mapping LAI along a disturbance gradient, ranging from heavily disturbed shrub land to mature mountain rainforest. By incorporating image texture features into the analysis, we aim at assessing the potential quality improvement of LAI maps and the reduction of uncertainties associated with LAI maps compared to maps based on Vegetation Indexes (VI) solely. We identified 22 out of the 59 image features as being relevant for predicting LAI. Among these, especially VIs were ran ked high. In particular, the two VIs using RapidEyeÃÂÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂs RED-EDGE band stand out as the top two predictor variables. Nevertheless, map accuracy as quantified by the mean absolute error obtained from a 10-fold cross validation (MAE_CV) increased significantly if VIs and texture features are combined (MAE_CV = 0.56), compared to maps based on VIs only (MAE_CV = 0.62). We placed special emphasis on the uncertainties associated with the resulting map addressing that map users often treat uncertainty statements only in a pro-forma manner. Therefore, the LAI map was complemented with a map depicting the spatial distribution of the goodness-of-fit of the model, quantified by the mean absolute error (MAE), used for predictive mapping. From this an area weighted MAE (= 0.35) was calculated and compared to the unweighted MAE of 0.29. Mapping was done using randomForest, a widely used statistical modeling technique for predictive biological mapping.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/25333
title: Replication data for: Integrated Natural Resource Management in the Highlands of Eastern Africa: From Concept to Practice

description: This dataset was moved to: https://doi.org/10.34725/DVN/25333This book documents a decade of research, methodological innovation, and lessons learned in an eco-regional research-for-development program operating in the eastern African highlands, the African Highlands Initiative (AHI). It does this through reflections of the protagonists themselves—AHI site teams and partners applying action research to development innovation as a means to enhance the impact of their research. The book summarizes the experiences of farmers, research and development workers and policy and decision-makers who have interacted within an innovation system with the common goal of implementing an integrated approach to natural resource management (NRM) in the humid highlands. This book demonstrates the crucial importance of “approach” in shaping the outcomes of research and development, and distils lessons learned on what works, where and why. It is enriched with examples and case studies from five benchmark sites in Ethiopia, Uganda, and Kenya, whose variability provides the reader with an in-depth knowledge of the complexities of integrated NRM in ago-ecosystems that play an important role in the rural economy of the region. It is shown that the struggle to achieve sustainable agricultural development in challenging environments is a complex one, and can only be effectively achieved through combined efforts and commitment of individuals and institutions with complementary roles.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/25338
title: Baseline information on Rural institutions in East Africa

description: This dataset was moved to: https://doi.org/10.34725/DVN/25338This data contains basic information about the project population. The study sought to profile all groups present in 6 project sites: Embu and Bungoma in kenya, Kapchorwa and Masindi in Uganda and Lushoto and Pemba in Tanzania. The data collected were then used to select groups the project was to work in the 6 sites and was also used in coming up with a maturity assessment tool.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/25350
title: Replication data for: Does collective action improve the performance of actors in the njansang (Ricinodendron heudelotii) value chain? Insights from Cameroonâs experience

description: This dataset was moved to: https://doi.org/10.34725/DVN/25350Over the past decade the potential of under-utilized food products to contribute to rural livelihoods has been recognised by development practitioners, researchers, donors and civil societies. In view of this, value chain development (VCD) of these products and its importance for rural development is increasingly becoming an important topic for discussion. In Cameroon, development and research organizations have promoted the commercialization of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Pierre ex Pax., locally known as Njansang which is under-utilized species found in West and Central Africa. The aim of these initiatives is to alleviate poverty through activities like traini ng on production, processing and collective marketing. After 10 years, it is imperative to know how collective action interventions have influenced the development of the value chain. This study therefore assesses the effects of collective action on producersâ livelihoods and the business performance of traders involved in the njansang value chain. The â5 capitalsâ framework, which is a tool for assessing the poverty impacts of value chain interventions, was employed. Sixteen focus group discussions were held with producers and traders involved in the njansang value chain in the West, Centre and East regions of Cameroon. A survey using structured questionnaires was also administered with 169 producers and 15 traders on their perception of the impacts of collective action interventions. The results indicate that farmers have benefitted from collective action through improved processing techniques, increased income resulting from economies of scale, as well as social benefits. Traders have gained through bulk buying from producers, reducing their transaction costs and improved consistency in supply. It is concluded that, among others, collective action can be an important entry point for the promotion of under-utilized species. However, it needs to be complemented with other interventions such as financial support which can help farmers to reduce side selling outside the group.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/25133
title: Replication data for: Farmers in Cote d'Ivoire value integrating tree diversity in cocoa for the provision of ecosystem services

description: This dataset was moved to: https://doi.org/10.34725/DVN/25133Cote d'Ivoire produces 40 % of the world supply of cocoa but much of the plantation area is aging and declining in productivity, while opportunities for land expansion into new forest land are quickly disappearing. Rejuvenation strategies for cocoa presently coalesce either around improved varieties and greater use of agro-chemical inputs in full sun systems or eco-certification that requires trees to be integrated with cocoa. Here, we explore the possibility of uniting these approaches through building on current farmer practice of incorporating trees in their cocoa fields to improve cocoa productivity and diversify their livelihoods. We interviewed 355 farmers about trees integrated in the ir cocoa fields across four locations in the South-West of Cote d'Ivoire in 2012, stratified by whether or not farmers were eco-certified. Despite the massive deforestation, a rich diversity of trees was found in cocoa fields and an overwhelming majority of farmers (95 %) wanted more trees and/or more tree species, regardless of their certification status or ethnic origin. There was a consensus that most trees were compatible with cocoa, but farmers also traded off negative impacts of some species against their productive contribution to their livelihood. Farmers valued tree diversity on their cocoa plots and provided detailed information on how 32 tree species interacted with cocoa in terms of soil moisture retention, soil fertility improvement and pest and disease interactions but also had key gaps in knowledge about alternative hosts of mirids and mistletoe. The majority of farmers were not aware of the certification requirements for tree species and shade cover but a much higher proportion of certified farmers (76 %) had received information about shade trees than non-certified farmers (15 %), although advice only related to eight tree species. Scope for building on local knowledge and practice to sustainably increase cocoa productivity through promoting tree diversity while enhancing other ecosystem service provision was identified and the next steps required to realize this set out.