cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6086/d1cd5h
title: Data from: What can surface slip distributions tell us about fault connectivity at depth?

description: Fault systems with stepovers and gaps along strike are ubiquitous in
 nature, and many modern earthquakes (e.g. 1992 Landers, 1999 Hector Mine,
 2016 Kaikoura, and 2019 Ridgecrest) have shown that ruptures can readily
 propagate across some disconnections, while being halted by others. It is
 quite possible, however, that many faults that appear discontinuous at the
 surface are in fact connected at depth, facilitating through-going
 rupture, and potentially increasing earthquake size. The present work
 explores whether the mapped surface slip in an earthquake is indicative of
 the connectivity of the fault system at depth. If there is a signal of
 subsurface connectivity in the surface slip pattern, then the connectivity
 of the system could potentially be inferred. Through 3D Dynamic rupture
 modeling of faults with along-strike gaps of various depths, I explore
 whether the amplitude or the spatial distribution of slip after an
 earthquake could be used to diagnose fault connectivity at depth. I find
 that in general, fault segments that are connected up to shallow depths of
 1-2 km and are relatively long along strike compared to the seismogenic
 depth tend to have higher slip gradients at their edges than faults that
 are connected at greater depth, or that are disconnected to the bottom of
 the seismogenic zone. Systematic slip gradient differences at fault
 segment edges have been recorded in past earthquakes, giving hope that the
 modeled effect can be detected in many cases, even though mapped surface
 slip is affected by a number of different sources of heterogeneity. The
 results provide an alternative explanation for observations that stepovers
 that allow through-going rupture tend to have higher slip gradients than
 those at which rupture terminates: perhaps many such stepovers are
 connected at depth, which could persistently favor through-going rupture.
 There may be implications for interpretation of apparent fault
 discontinuities worldwide.
description: These are the restults of Finite Element models of earthquakes on
 a fault system that is segmented at the surface but connected at
 depth.
description: The numerical results are in Matlab binary (.mat) format. Each
 result figure in the paper has a corresponding Matlab variable file. In
 each file are multiple variables, with each variable corresponding to one
 of the surface slip patterns in the figure. Variable names are of the
 format "sx2_4segs," which corresponds to a fault with 4 interior
 segments,  connected below a depth of 2 km.
DOI: 10.34740/kaggle/dsv/14643629
title: Peer-to-Peer Boliviano (BOB) Exchange Data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dr7sqv9vh
title: Elevated atmospheric CO2 suppresses jasmonate and silicon-based defences without affecting herbivores

description: 1. Elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) not only increases plant growth but can
 also interfere with defence against insect herbivory through the
 disruption of the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway. Silicon (Si) plays an
 important role in plant stress tolerance and resistance to herbivory,
 particularly in grasses, many of which accumulate high amounts of Si.
 Activation of the JA pathway has been reported to stimulate Si uptake,
 while Si supplementation can alter both constitutive and induced
 phytohormone levels. A reduction in JA concentration under eCO2 has the
 potential to reduce Si uptake in plants. 2. Using both Si supplemented
 (Si+) and control (Si-) plants (Brachypodium distachyon) grown under
 ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (640 ppm) CO2 concentrations, we tested how
 plant growth, foliar Si concentration and endogenous JA responded to
 methyl jasmonate (MeJA) application and the subsequent effects on insect
 herbivore performance (Helicoverpa armigera). 3. Elevated CO2 reduced Si
 concentration by 19% and endogenous JA by 70% on average. MeJA
 significantly increased Si concentration in Si+ plants. Si+ plants had
 higher baseline JA levels compared to Si- plants under control conditions
 (i.e. no stress), however, when plants were chemically induced with MeJA,
 the JA response was on average 84% lower in Si+ plants compared to Si-
 plants. Plants without MeJA treatment showed the opposite response, i.e.
 Si+ plants had higher baseline JA levels compared to Si- plants. Si
 significantly reduced herbivore consumption and growth rate. Despite eCO2
 significantly reducing both Si and endogenous JA, no effect was seen on
 herbivores feeding on eCO2 plants. 4. Collectively our results suggest
 that Si alters the JA response of plants. We show that JA induces Si
 uptake, however Si then reduces the JA response of plants under induced
 stress conditions. However, predicted increases in CO2 levels within this
 century may significantly reduce Si-based mechanical defences against
 herbivory via a reduction in endogenous JA.
description: Data associated with this publication: Hall C,
 Mikhael M, Hartley S, Johnson S. (2020) Elevated atmospheric
 CO<sub>2</sub> suppresses jasmonate and silicon-based defences
 without affecting herbivores. Functional Ecology.
 Files: - Hall_2020_Helicoverpa_JA_data.csv
 (file containing plant biomass, caterpillar weights and jasmonic acid
 data) - Hall_2020_Si_data.csv (plant silicon
 measurements) - README_Hall_2020.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rv15dv452
title: Data from: Do traits of plant species predict the efficacy of species distribution models for finding new occurrences?

description: Species distribution models (SDMs) are used to test ecological theory and
 to direct targeted surveys for species of conservation concern. Several
 studies have tested for an influence of species traits on the predictive
 accuracy of SDMs. However, most used the same set of environmental
 predictors for all species and/or did not use truly independent data to
 test SDM accuracy. We built eight SDMs for each of 24 plant species of
 conservation concern, varying the environmental predictors included in
 each SDM version. We then measured the accuracy of each SDM using
 independent presence and absence data to calculate area under the receiver
 operating characteristic curve (AUC) and true positive rate (TPR). We used
 generalized linear mixed models to test for a relationship between species
 traits and SDM accuracy, while accounting for variation in SDM performance
 that might be introduced by different predictor sets. All traits affected
 one or both SDM accuracy measures. Species with lighter seeds,
 animal-dispersed seeds, and a higher density of occurrences had higher AUC
 and TPR than other species, all else being equal. Long-lived woody species
 had higher AUC than herbaceous species, but lower TPR. These results
 support the hypothesis that the strength of species-environment
 correlations is affected by characteristics of species or their geographic
 distributions. However, because each species has multiple traits, and
 because AUC and TPR can be affected differently, there is no
 straightforward way to determine a priori which species will yield useful
 SDMs based on their traits. Most species yielded at least one useful SDM.
 Therefore, it is worthwhile to build and test SDMs for the purpose of
 finding new populations of plant species of conservation concern,
 regardless of these species’ traits.
description: We built eight SDMs for each of 24 plant species of conservation
 concern, varying the environmental predictors included in each SDM
 version. We then measured the accuracy of each SDM using fully independent
 presence and absence data to calculate area under the receiver operating
 characteristic curve (AUC) and true positive rate (TPR). We compiled data
 on plant traits, including seed weight, dispersal mechanism, woody vs.
 non-woody from the literature and from the Kew Seed Information
 Database.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7d7wm37rq
title: Effects of grazing on C:N:P stoichiometry attenuate from soils to plants and insect herbivores in a semi-arid grassland

description: Understanding the processing of limiting nutrients among organisms is an
 important goal of community ecology. Less known is how
 human disturbances may alter the stoichiometric patterns among
 organisms from different trophic
 levels within communities. Here, we
 investigated how livestock grazing affects the C:N:P ecological
 stoichiometry of soils, plants (Leymus chinensis), and insect herbivores
 (Euchorthippus spp.) in a semi-arid grassland in northeastern
 China. We found that 3 years of grazing significantly enhanced
 soil available N and leaf N content of the dominant L.
 chinensis grass by 15% and 20%, respectively. Grazing
 also reduced (soluble) C:N of L. chinensis leaves by 22%.
 However, grazing did not affect total C, N, or P contents nor
 their ratios in Euchorthippus grasshoppers. Our results
 reveal that the effects of grazing disturbances on elemental
 composition attenuated from lower to higher trophic
 levels. These findings support the theory that organisms from
 higher trophic levels have relatively stronger stoichiometric
 homeostasis compared to those from the lower trophic levels. Moreover,
 grasshopper abundance dropped by 66% in the grazed areas, and they reduced
 the feeding time on their host L. chinensis grass by
 43%, presumably to limit the intake of excess nitrogen from host
 plants. The energetic costs associated with the maintenance of
 elemental homeostasis likely reduced individual performance
 and potentially explains the decrease in
 grasshopper abundance in the grazed areas. Our study
 suggests that a comprehensive investigation of stoichiometric properties
 of organisms across trophic levels may enable a better understanding of
 the nature of species interactions, and facilitate predictions of the
 consequences of environmental changes for community organization
 in the future.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.np5hqbzpt
title: Data from: An intermediate type of medusa from the early Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation, South China

description: The tetraradial or pentaradial fossil embryos and related hatched
 individuals from the early Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation are of great
 interest for understanding the early evolution of medusozoans. The
 phylogenetic and evolutionary significance of their external and internal
 characters (e.g. manubrium, tentacles, septa and claustra) is still
 controversial. Here we describe a new pentamerous medusozoan, Hanagyroia
 orientalis gen. et sp. nov., characterized by five well-developed
 perradial oral lips around a remarkably large manubrium, a conspicuous
 equatorial groove, and five short interradial pairs of extensile tentacles
 at the bell margin. Internally, five broad and stout interradial septa
 join horizontally to form the claustra. Hanagyroia orientalis lacks the
 frenula, apertural lappet and velarium seen in coeval microfossils and
 extant cubozoans. Although H. orientalis resembles extant coronate
 scyphozoans in its round medusa-like bell margin and equatorial groove,
 cladistic analysis suggests close affinity with cubozoans. Hanagyroia may
 represent an intermediate morphological type between scyphozoans and
 cubozoans. The well-developed oral lips and paired short strong tentacles
 of Hanagyroia suggest direct development.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dbrv15dxn
title: Bacterial community richness shifts the balance between volatile organic compound-mediated microbe-pathogen and microbe-plant interactions

description: Even though bacteria are important in determining plant growth and health
 via volatile organic compounds (VOCs), it is unclear how these beneficial
 effects emerge in multi-species microbiomes. Here we studied this using a
 model plant-bacteria system, where we manipulated bacterial community
 richness and composition and determined the subsequent effects on VOC
 production and VOC-mediated pathogen suppression and plant
 growth-promotion. We assembled VOC-producing bacterial communities in
 different richness levels ranging from one to twelve strains using three
 soil-dwelling bacterial genera (Bacillus, Paenibacillus and Pseudomonas)
 and investigated how the composition and richness of bacterial community
 affect the production and functioning of VOCs. We found that VOC
 production correlated positively with pathogen suppression and plant
 growth-promotion and that all bacteria produced a diverse set of VOCs.
 However, while pathogen suppression was maximized at intermediate
 community richness levels when the relative amount and the number of VOCs
 were the highest, plant growth-promotion was maximized at low richness
 levels and was only affected by the relative amount of plant
 growth-promoting VOCs. The contrasting effects of richness could be
 explained by differences in the amount and number of produced VOCs and by
 opposing effects of community productivity and evenness on pathogen
 suppression and plant-growth promotion along the richness gradient.
 Together, these results suggest that the number of interacting bacterial
 species and the structure of the rhizosphere microbiome drive the balance
 between VOC-mediated microbe-pathogen and microbe-plant interactions
 potentially affecting plant disease outcomes in natural and agricultural
 ecosystems.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ms8yyc
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 93 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Aenictophyton reconditum",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 93 records from 10 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002229-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1c59zw3s1
title: Mutations in a novel cadherin gene associated with Bt resistance in Helicoverpa zea

description: Transgenic corn and cotton produce crystalline (Cry) proteins derived from
 the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) that are toxic to
 lepidopteran larvae.  Helicoverpa zea, a key pest of corn and
 cotton in the U.S., has evolved widespread resistance to these proteins
 produced in Bt corn and cotton.  While the genomic targets of Cry
 selection and the mutations that produce resistant phenotypes are known in
 other lepidopteran species, little is known about how selection by Cry
 proteins shape the genome of H. zea.  We scanned the genomes of
 Cry1Ac-selected and unselected H. zea lines, and identified twelve genes
 on five scaffolds that differed between lines, including cadherin-86C
 (cad-86C), a gene from a family that is involved in Cry1A resistance in
 other lepidopterans.  Although this gene was expressed in the H.
 zea larval midgut, the protein it encodes has only 17 to 22% identity with
 cadherin proteins from other species previously reported to be involved in
 Bt resistance.  An analysis of midgut-expressed cDNAs showed
 significant between-line differences in the frequencies of putative
 nonsynonymous substitutions (both SNPs and indels).  Our results
 indicate that cad-86C is a likely target of Cry1Ac selection in H.
 zea.  It remains unclear, however, whether genomic changes at
 this locus directly disrupt midgut binding of Cry1Ac and cause Bt
 resistance, or indirectly enhance fitness of H. zea in the presence of
 Cry1Ac by some other mechanism.  Future work should investigate
 phenotypic effects of these nonsynonymous substitutions and their impact
 on fitness of H. zea larvae that ingest Cry1Ac.  
description: There are three data types associated with this data
 set.  The first is raw Pacific Biosciences (PacBio)
 long read sequences produced from PCR amplified <em>cad-86C
 </em>cDNAs (m54163_180608_183238.subreads.bam).  We have also
 provided the barcodes that can be used to demultiplex these PacBio data
 using the demulti_bbduk.sh script provided at
 https://github.com/rguo1990/Hzea_PacBio_sequencing. 
 The second is a pair of fasta files containing amplicon sequences
 produced by <em>cad-86C</em> primer pairs 1b and 2b.
 The third is an excel spreadsheet containing the raw qPCR data
 used to test whether <em>cad-86C</em> was expressed in the
 <em>H. zea</em> larval midgut.
description: In order to demultiplex the PacBio dataset, please use the
 barcodes provided in the barcode file along with the demulti_bbduk.sh
 script provided at
 https://github.com/rguo1990/Hzea_PacBio_sequencing.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.xsj3tx9bg
title: Association of chronic inflammation and accelerated atherosclerosis among an indigenous black population with chronic kidney disease

description: Introduction: Inflammation plays a major role in the development
 of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in chronic
 kidney disease (CKD) patients. Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) is a major
 receptor for lipopolysaccharides (endotoxin) and other ligands involved in
 the pathogenesis of inflammation. We determined whether endotoxin levels
 and the presence of TLR4 polymorphisms are associated with markers of
 inflammation and atherosclerosis among South African CKD patients.
 Materials and methods:  Endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide binding
 protein (LBP), serum CD14 (sCD14), interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte
 chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and carotid intima media thickness
 (CIMT) were measured in 160 participants (120 CKD patients and 40
 controls). Associations between endotoxins and CIMT in the presence of
 sCD14, IL-8 and MCP-1, were assessed using odds ratios. Participants were
 screened for the presence of Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile TLR4 polymorphisms,
 and CIMT and inflammatory markers were compared between subjects with and
 without TLR4 polymorphisms. Results: Endotoxin levels correlated with
 sCD14 (r=0.441, p&lt;0.001) and MCP-1 (r=0.388, p&lt;0.001) levels
 while increased CIMT was associated with MCP-1 (r=0.448, p&lt;0.001),
 sCD14 levels (r=0.476, p&lt;0.001), LBP (r=0.340, p&lt;0.001), and
 IL-8 (r=0.395, p&lt;0.001). Atherosclerosis was associated with
 endotoxin levels (odds ratio: 4.95; 95% confidence interval: 2.52-9.73;
 p&lt;0.001), and was predicted by higher serum levels of inflammatory
 markers. Analysis of patients with TLR4 polymorphisms showed reduced serum
 levels of inflammatory markers and CIMT values compared with the patients
 carrying the wild type TLR4 alleles. Conclusion: The study demonstrated
 associations between circulating endotoxaemia, systemic inflammation and
 accelerated atherosclerosis among South African CKD patients, and showed
 that the atherogenic predictive power of endotoxaemia was significantly
 increased by the presence of elevated levels of inflammatory markers.
 Additional findings, which must be confirmed, suggest that TLR4
 polymorphisms are associated with low levels of inflammatory markers and
 CIMT values.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qz612jmb4
title: Variation in the ontogenetic allometry of horn length in bovids along a body mass continuum

description: Allometric relationships describe the proportional covariation between
 morphological, physiological, or life history traits and the size of the
 organisms. Evolutionary allometries estimated among species are expected
 to result from species differences in ontogenetic allometry, but it
 remains uncertain whether ontogenetic allometric parameters and
 particularly the ontogenetic slope can evolve. In bovids, the non-linear
 evolutionary allometry between horn length and body mass in males suggests
 systematic changes in ontogenetic allometry with increasing species body
 mass. To test this hypothesis, we estimated ontogenetic allometry between
 horn length and body mass in males and females of 19 bovid species ranging
 from ca. 5 to 700 kg. Ontogenetic allometry changed systematically with
 species body mass from steep ontogenetic allometries over a short period
 of horn growth in small species to shallow allometry with the growth
 period of horns matching the period of body mass increase in the largest
 species. Intermediate species displayed steep allometry over long period
 of horn growth. Females tended to display shallower ontogenetic allometry
 with longer horn growth compared to males, but these differences were weak
 and highly variable. These findings show that ontogenetic allometric slope
 evolved across species possibly as a response to size-related changes in
 the selection pressures acting on horn length and body mass.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b2rbnzsb1
title: On the causes of geographically heterogeneous parallel evolution in sticklebacks

description: The three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is an important
 model system for the study of parallel evolution in the wild, having
 repeatedly colonized and adapted to freshwater from the sea throughout the
 northern hemisphere. Previous studies identified numerous genomic regions
 showing consistent genetic differentiation between freshwater and marine
 ecotypes but these had typically limited geographic sampling and mostly
 focused on the Eastern Pacific region. We analysed population genomic data
 from global samples of the three-spined stickleback marine and freshwater
 ecotypes to detect loci involved in parallel evolution at different
 geographic scales. Most signatures of parallel evolution were unique to
 the Eastern Pacific and trans-oceanic marine–freshwater differentiation
 was restricted to a limited number of shared genomic regions, including
 three chromosomal inversions. On the basis of simulations and empirical
 data, we demonstrate that this could result from the stochastic loss of
 freshwater-adapted alleles during the invasion of the Atlantic basin and
 selection against freshwater-adapted variants in the sea, both of which
 can reduce standing genetic variation available for freshwater adaptation
 outside the Eastern Pacific region. Moreover, the elevated linkage
 disequilibrium associated with marine–freshwater differentiation in the
 Eastern Pacific is consistent with secondary contact between marine and
 freshwater populations that evolved in isolation from each other during
 past glacial periods. Thus, contrary to what earlier studies from the
 Eastern Pacific region have led us to believe, parallel marine–freshwater
 differentiation in sticklebacks is far less prevalent and pronounced in
 all other parts of the species global distribution range.
DOI: 10.82294/dvnvrxsjw
title: Observaciones semiestructuradas. Territorio: Cartagena. Eje medular: Agenciamiento. Sector: Cultura. Año: 2025

description: La capacidad de agencia o agenciamiento se entiende como las libertades y oportunidades que tiene un individuo para tomar decisiones y actuar en un contexto, transformando situaciones que afectan a su comunidad a nivel social y ambiental. Implica la capacidad de razonar críticamente y llevar a cabo acciones intencionales. En el ámbito de la educación artística y ambiental, esto se manifiesta en la capacidad de realizar el potencial creativo y de contribuir a la construcción de una realidad institucional o social (Maras, 2018; Katz-Buonicontro, 2018; García-Calvo y Garzón-Barragán, 2023).