cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6388574
title: Quantitative MRI data in Multiple Sclerosis patients: a pattern recognition study

description: Abstract Introduction Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system. Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (qMRI) enables a detailed characterization of brain tissue, but generates a large number of numerical results. In this study, we elucidated the main qMRI techniques and the brain regions that allow the identification of MS patients from neuroimaging data and pattern recognition techniques. Methods The data came from the combination of computational tools of image processing and neuroimaging acquired in a 3 Tesla scanner using different techniques: Diffusion, T2 Relaxometry, Magnetization Transfer Ratio (MTR) and Structural Morphometry. Data from 126 brain regions of 203 healthy individuals and 124 MS patients were separated into two groups and processed in a data-mining program using the k-nearest-neighbor (KNN) algorithm. Results The most relevant anatomical structures in the classification procedure were: corpus callosum, precuneus, left cerebellum and fusiform. Among the quantitative techniques the most relevant was the MTR, being indicated for longitudinal studies of this disease. KNN with 5 neighbors and pre-selected attributes had a better performance with an area under the ROC curve (97.3%) and accuracy (95.7%). A restricted classification considering only brain regions previously reported in the literature as affected by MS brought slightly lower scores, area: 97.1% and accuracy: 93.2%. Conclusion The use of standard recognition techniques from quantitative neuroimaging techniques has confirmed that the white matter of the brain is the most affected tissue by MS following a global pattern with greater involvement of the left hemisphere.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6388574.v1
title: Quantitative MRI data in Multiple Sclerosis patients: a pattern recognition study

description: Abstract Introduction Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system. Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (qMRI) enables a detailed characterization of brain tissue, but generates a large number of numerical results. In this study, we elucidated the main qMRI techniques and the brain regions that allow the identification of MS patients from neuroimaging data and pattern recognition techniques. Methods The data came from the combination of computational tools of image processing and neuroimaging acquired in a 3 Tesla scanner using different techniques: Diffusion, T2 Relaxometry, Magnetization Transfer Ratio (MTR) and Structural Morphometry. Data from 126 brain regions of 203 healthy individuals and 124 MS patients were separated into two groups and processed in a data-mining program using the k-nearest-neighbor (KNN) algorithm. Results The most relevant anatomical structures in the classification procedure were: corpus callosum, precuneus, left cerebellum and fusiform. Among the quantitative techniques the most relevant was the MTR, being indicated for longitudinal studies of this disease. KNN with 5 neighbors and pre-selected attributes had a better performance with an area under the ROC curve (97.3%) and accuracy (95.7%). A restricted classification considering only brain regions previously reported in the literature as affected by MS brought slightly lower scores, area: 97.1% and accuracy: 93.2%. Conclusion The use of standard recognition techniques from quantitative neuroimaging techniques has confirmed that the white matter of the brain is the most affected tissue by MS following a global pattern with greater involvement of the left hemisphere.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6388571
title: The meanings of mass and E = mc2: an approach based on conceptual maps

description: Abstract In this work, we discuss transformations in the meaning of the concept of mass, which are important to physics teaching, by means of three conceptual schemes, which emphasize visual patterns of knowledge organization. We begin by discussing how the meaning of a physical concept is constructed, through its relations with others. In physical theories, these connections usually involve mathematical operations. We focus on the concept of mass and its changes in three different contexts, namely classical mechanics, electromagnetism and relativity. Modifications are displayed as shifts in its relative position in conceptual schemes. These schemes enforce visual knowledge and may be used as didactical tools for teaching the subject, since they stress both the signification of mass in classical mechanics and its re-signification in relativity. This paves the way for a discussion of different approaches adopted for teaching the mass-energy relation in relativity, expressed by the famous formula E = m c 2. As the terms rest mass, relativistic mass and invariant mass, which have different ontological and epistemological contents, are part of this discussion, we consider the main approaches to mass present in both relativity textbooks and discourses by some influential physicists.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6388571.v1
title: The meanings of mass and E = mc2: an approach based on conceptual maps

description: Abstract In this work, we discuss transformations in the meaning of the concept of mass, which are important to physics teaching, by means of three conceptual schemes, which emphasize visual patterns of knowledge organization. We begin by discussing how the meaning of a physical concept is constructed, through its relations with others. In physical theories, these connections usually involve mathematical operations. We focus on the concept of mass and its changes in three different contexts, namely classical mechanics, electromagnetism and relativity. Modifications are displayed as shifts in its relative position in conceptual schemes. These schemes enforce visual knowledge and may be used as didactical tools for teaching the subject, since they stress both the signification of mass in classical mechanics and its re-signification in relativity. This paves the way for a discussion of different approaches adopted for teaching the mass-energy relation in relativity, expressed by the famous formula E = m c 2. As the terms rest mass, relativistic mass and invariant mass, which have different ontological and epistemological contents, are part of this discussion, we consider the main approaches to mass present in both relativity textbooks and discourses by some influential physicists.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6388568
title: Multi-Residue Method for Determination of Thirty-Five Pesticides, Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Water Using Ionic Liquid-Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Combined with Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

description: Ionic liquid-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (IL-DLLME) was used for the determination of different chemical classes of analytes for the first time. Limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 µg L-1, and the linearity ranged from the LOQ of each compound to 50 µg L-1. Recoveries ranged from 70 to 120% for the compounds, with relative standard deviations less than 18%. The proposed method demonstrates for the first time that sample preparation by IL-DLLME and determination by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) can be used successfully for the simultaneous extraction of 19 kinds of pesticides and 16 PPCPs from water samples. In addition, to eliminate the environmental risk of waste solvent disposal, this technique uses a low-toxicity extraction solvent. Finally, the analytical method proposed was applied successfully in analysis in surface water samples.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6388568.v1
title: Multi-Residue Method for Determination of Thirty-Five Pesticides, Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Water Using Ionic Liquid-Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Combined with Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

description: Ionic liquid-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (IL-DLLME) was used for the determination of different chemical classes of analytes for the first time. Limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 µg L-1, and the linearity ranged from the LOQ of each compound to 50 µg L-1. Recoveries ranged from 70 to 120% for the compounds, with relative standard deviations less than 18%. The proposed method demonstrates for the first time that sample preparation by IL-DLLME and determination by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) can be used successfully for the simultaneous extraction of 19 kinds of pesticides and 16 PPCPs from water samples. In addition, to eliminate the environmental risk of waste solvent disposal, this technique uses a low-toxicity extraction solvent. Finally, the analytical method proposed was applied successfully in analysis in surface water samples.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6388565
title: Ultrasound-guided biopsy of breast calcifications using a new image processing technique: initial experience

description: Abstract The aim of this paper is to describe the use of a new ultrasound imaging processing technique to guide biopsies of suspicious breast calcifications. We used this technique in 13 patients with suspicious breast calcifications that could not be submitted to stereotactic biopsy. Suspicious calcifications were identified by ultrasound, and the biopsy was successfully performed in all cases. Although mammography continues to be the method of choice for the detection and characterization of microcalcifications, this new technique can be an alternative means of guiding biopsy procedures in selected patients who are not candidates for stereotactic biopsy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6388565.v1
title: Ultrasound-guided biopsy of breast calcifications using a new image processing technique: initial experience

description: Abstract The aim of this paper is to describe the use of a new ultrasound imaging processing technique to guide biopsies of suspicious breast calcifications. We used this technique in 13 patients with suspicious breast calcifications that could not be submitted to stereotactic biopsy. Suspicious calcifications were identified by ultrasound, and the biopsy was successfully performed in all cases. Although mammography continues to be the method of choice for the detection and characterization of microcalcifications, this new technique can be an alternative means of guiding biopsy procedures in selected patients who are not candidates for stereotactic biopsy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6388562
title: Analysis of laser therapy effects in Sporothrix schenckii inactivation in vivo

description: Abstract Introduction Sporotrichosis is a common disease in tropical regions, caused by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii, affecting mainly rural workers and in direct contact with animals. Although treatment by indiscriminate use of oral antifungal drugs gives rise resistant isolates, leading to therapeutic failures and no remission of the disease. To evaluate the effectiveness of red low-power laser photobiomodulation in inactivation of S. schenckii infection induced in rodents. Methods Subcutaneously inoculation (2x103 S. schenckii/ml, 0.2 ml suspension) in the left footpad, in 27 mice divided into: control (n = 6, inoculated, without irradiation): early stage (not inoculated) = 1th biopsy; intermediate (9 weeks of evolution) = 2nd biopsy; final (21 weeks of evolution) = 3th biopsy. Treated (n = 21, inoculated and irradiated): early (13 weeks of evolution, 4 weeks after first irradiation) = 4th biopsy, intermediate (17 weeks of evolution, 8 weeks after first irradiation) = 5th biopsy, final (21 weeks of evolution, 12 weeks after first irradiation) = 6th biopsy. Serial irradiation with biopsies occurred every 30 days during each month, for three months. At the end of testing, the mice were euthanized, and histological analyzes of biopsies were performed. Results Each laser treatment session showed an inactivation of S. schenckii in treated animals compared to controls, with a regression of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, chronic inflammation, neutrophils, granulomas, giant mononuclear cells and steroid corpuscles. Conclusion The laser photobiomodulation was effective on S. schenckii inactivation, appearing to be an interesting therapeutic option in infections caused by this organism.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6388562.v1
title: Analysis of laser therapy effects in Sporothrix schenckii inactivation in vivo

description: Abstract Introduction Sporotrichosis is a common disease in tropical regions, caused by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii, affecting mainly rural workers and in direct contact with animals. Although treatment by indiscriminate use of oral antifungal drugs gives rise resistant isolates, leading to therapeutic failures and no remission of the disease. To evaluate the effectiveness of red low-power laser photobiomodulation in inactivation of S. schenckii infection induced in rodents. Methods Subcutaneously inoculation (2x103 S. schenckii/ml, 0.2 ml suspension) in the left footpad, in 27 mice divided into: control (n = 6, inoculated, without irradiation): early stage (not inoculated) = 1th biopsy; intermediate (9 weeks of evolution) = 2nd biopsy; final (21 weeks of evolution) = 3th biopsy. Treated (n = 21, inoculated and irradiated): early (13 weeks of evolution, 4 weeks after first irradiation) = 4th biopsy, intermediate (17 weeks of evolution, 8 weeks after first irradiation) = 5th biopsy, final (21 weeks of evolution, 12 weeks after first irradiation) = 6th biopsy. Serial irradiation with biopsies occurred every 30 days during each month, for three months. At the end of testing, the mice were euthanized, and histological analyzes of biopsies were performed. Results Each laser treatment session showed an inactivation of S. schenckii in treated animals compared to controls, with a regression of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, chronic inflammation, neutrophils, granulomas, giant mononuclear cells and steroid corpuscles. Conclusion The laser photobiomodulation was effective on S. schenckii inactivation, appearing to be an interesting therapeutic option in infections caused by this organism.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6388559
title: Optic nerve: measure the diameter of its sheath to detect intracranial hypertension

description: Abstract Objective: This work had the objective of reviewing the literature on the evaluation and detection of intracranial hypertension through optical nerve ultrasound. Method: literature review based on a bibliographic survey in the electronic databases: PubMed, LILACS, SCIELO and CINAHL, using the following descriptors: Intracranial Hypertension.Optic Nerve. Ultrasonography, its correspondents in Portuguese and their intersections. We selected 27 articles published in the period of 1998-2017. Results: the articles indicated that ultrasonography of the diameter of the optic nerve sheath (ONSD) is useful in the detection of intracranial hypertension. Conclusion: The increase in ONSD is a highly accurate change to diagnose increased intracranial pressure in critically ill patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6388559.v1
title: Optic nerve: measure the diameter of its sheath to detect intracranial hypertension

description: Abstract Objective: This work had the objective of reviewing the literature on the evaluation and detection of intracranial hypertension through optical nerve ultrasound. Method: literature review based on a bibliographic survey in the electronic databases: PubMed, LILACS, SCIELO and CINAHL, using the following descriptors: Intracranial Hypertension.Optic Nerve. Ultrasonography, its correspondents in Portuguese and their intersections. We selected 27 articles published in the period of 1998-2017. Results: the articles indicated that ultrasonography of the diameter of the optic nerve sheath (ONSD) is useful in the detection of intracranial hypertension. Conclusion: The increase in ONSD is a highly accurate change to diagnose increased intracranial pressure in critically ill patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6388556
title: Analysis of corneal curvature after pterygium excision: the impact of the surgical procedure objectively in our practice

description: Abstract Introduction: Pterygium is a centripetal proliferation of fibrovascular tissue, which proceeds from the bulbar conjunctiva towards the center of the cornea. Excision of the pterygium may cause visual acuity improvement and surgical excision aims to achieve a topographically regular ocular surface. The improvement of the visual acuity results from the alteration of the refractive corneal power, that is measured in the topography as alteration of the topographic astigmatism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation of the final topographic astigmatism after the pterygium excision surgery. Methods: A prospective study was carried out to follow up patients after pterygium excision surgery with corneal topography before and 1 month after the surgery. The population was of the non-probabilistic type of volunteers, with n of 74 eyes. Sampling was for convenience and participation was offered to patients from the ophthalmology residence outpatient service who underwent pterygium excision between July and December 2015. Results: A total of 74 surgeries were performed in the period and 44 were included in the statistical analysis. Mean values of topographic astigmatism (CYL) showed a statistically significant reduction from 2.715D to 1.448D (p = 0.0037). The change in the more curved meridian (Ks) showed no significant change from 45.60D to 45.32D (p = 0.1050), while the meridian plane at 90º Ks (Kf) showed a significant increase from 42.86D to 43,87D (p = 0.0052). Isolated analysis of the groups showed that only the group with grade 3 pterygia suffered a significant alteration of CYL from 7,12D to 1,82D (p = 0,0002). Conclusion: The surgery resulted in a significant reduction of topographic astigmatism only in patients with grade 3 pterygium, due to the reduction of the flattening caused by the pterygium.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6388556.v1
title: Analysis of corneal curvature after pterygium excision: the impact of the surgical procedure objectively in our practice

description: Abstract Introduction: Pterygium is a centripetal proliferation of fibrovascular tissue, which proceeds from the bulbar conjunctiva towards the center of the cornea. Excision of the pterygium may cause visual acuity improvement and surgical excision aims to achieve a topographically regular ocular surface. The improvement of the visual acuity results from the alteration of the refractive corneal power, that is measured in the topography as alteration of the topographic astigmatism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation of the final topographic astigmatism after the pterygium excision surgery. Methods: A prospective study was carried out to follow up patients after pterygium excision surgery with corneal topography before and 1 month after the surgery. The population was of the non-probabilistic type of volunteers, with n of 74 eyes. Sampling was for convenience and participation was offered to patients from the ophthalmology residence outpatient service who underwent pterygium excision between July and December 2015. Results: A total of 74 surgeries were performed in the period and 44 were included in the statistical analysis. Mean values of topographic astigmatism (CYL) showed a statistically significant reduction from 2.715D to 1.448D (p = 0.0037). The change in the more curved meridian (Ks) showed no significant change from 45.60D to 45.32D (p = 0.1050), while the meridian plane at 90º Ks (Kf) showed a significant increase from 42.86D to 43,87D (p = 0.0052). Isolated analysis of the groups showed that only the group with grade 3 pterygia suffered a significant alteration of CYL from 7,12D to 1,82D (p = 0,0002). Conclusion: The surgery resulted in a significant reduction of topographic astigmatism only in patients with grade 3 pterygium, due to the reduction of the flattening caused by the pterygium.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6388550
title: The study of texts in an enunciative perspective of language

description: ABSTRACT This paper is based on the idea that the symbolic capacity, base of signification, is the condition for the human integration to language. It starts from the assumption that each time language is actualized in discourse, through enunciation, a new experience of signification is established in language. From this standpoint, the article seeks to answer the following question: How to study texts from an enunciative conception of language? The answer to this question is formulated based on the conception that a text, regarded as discourse, results from language being actualized by a speaker. Since the speaker was born in culture (Benveniste 1995; 1989), with every act of enunciation they perform a different and new event to become a subject. In this process, the speaker registers the way they introduce themselves in the cultural values of the society they live in. The enunciative study of a text is proposed with these principles.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6388547
title: Low prevalence of relevant findings in inappropriate echocardiograms and discordant perceptions between cardiologists and patients

description: Complementary examinations are “inadequate” whenever the likelihood of benefits from their indication is lower than the negative results. The low benefit is a result of poor performance in detecting relevant changes that lead to improved behavior. However, inadequate examinations are prevalent and little is known about patients' notions of the usefulness of such indications. The aim of this study was to describe relevant findings in inappropriate echocardiograms and to assess the level of agreement between patients and cardiologists regarding their usefulness. Adults without known cardiovascular disease who were referred for echocardiogram by inappropriate criteria according to the American College of Cardiology were selected. Relevant findings were defined by any change in the degree of moderate to severe, according to the American Society of Echocardiography. We tested the level of agreement between the patients who underwent echocardiographic examination and the physicians who requested the exam through a standard questionnaire. Five hundred patients were included, with average age of 52±17 years (47% males). Only 17 patients had any relevant changes (3.4%, 95%CI=2 to 5.4%). The most frequent alterations included valve changes in 8 and diastolic dysfunction grade II in 6 patients. Eighty-seven examinations were performed to determine the level of agreement between patients and cardiologists. For the question “Is this test really necessary?”, 92% of patients responded positively, compared with 5% of cardiologists (Kappa negative 0.04; P=0.01). The frequency of relevant findings was low in inadequate echocardiograms and patients and cardiologists had a different perception regarding its usefulness.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6388550.v1
title: The study of texts in an enunciative perspective of language

description: ABSTRACT This paper is based on the idea that the symbolic capacity, base of signification, is the condition for the human integration to language. It starts from the assumption that each time language is actualized in discourse, through enunciation, a new experience of signification is established in language. From this standpoint, the article seeks to answer the following question: How to study texts from an enunciative conception of language? The answer to this question is formulated based on the conception that a text, regarded as discourse, results from language being actualized by a speaker. Since the speaker was born in culture (Benveniste 1995; 1989), with every act of enunciation they perform a different and new event to become a subject. In this process, the speaker registers the way they introduce themselves in the cultural values of the society they live in. The enunciative study of a text is proposed with these principles.