DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6627112
title: Monthly averaged lightning and LCC lightning data extracted from present-day (2009-2011) and projected (2090-2095) EMAC simulations (T42L90MA resolution)

description: <pre>About Dataset Monthly averaged lightning and LCC lightning data extracted from present-day (2009-2011) and projected (2090-2095) EMAC simulations (T42L90MA resolution). Authors: Francisco J. Perez-Invernon, Francisco J. Gordillo-Vazquez, Patrick Joeckel and Heidi Huntrieser Description of the data PaR_T: Lightning parameterization based on cloud top height. PaR_L: Lightning parameterization based on cloud top height and modified over the oceans. Grewe: Lightning parameterization based on updraft velocity. AaP_P: Lightning parameterization based on convective precipitation. A AaP_M: Lightning parameterization based on Updraft strength at 440~hPa. PRaAP: Lightning parameterization based on cloud top height and updraft velocity. FinIF: Lightning parameterization based on updraft mass flux of ice at 440 hPa. extIF: Lightning parameterization based on updraft mass flux of ice at 440 hPa an isotherm. File format: netcdf Example: netcdf </pre> 2009_10h_______20090701_0000_mmlb_PRaAP.nc<br> netcdf \2009_10h_______20090701_0000_mmlb_PRaAP {<br> dimensions:<br> time = UNLIMITED ; // (1 currently)<br> lon = 128 ;<br> lat = 64 ;<br> tbnds = 2 ;<br> variables:<br> double time(time) ;<br> time:long_name = "time" ;<br> time:bounds = "time_bnds" ;<br> time:units = "day since 2009-01-01 00:00:00" ;<br> time:calendar = "gregorian" ;<br> double YYYYMMDD(time) ;<br> YYYYMMDD:long_name = "time" ;<br> YYYYMMDD:units = "days as %Y%m%d.%f" ;<br> YYYYMMDD:calendar = "gregorian" ;<br> double dt(time) ;<br> dt:long_name = "delta_time" ;<br> dt:units = "s" ;<br> double nstep(time) ;<br> nstep:long_name = "current time step" ;<br> float lon(lon) ;<br> lon:long_name = "longitude" ;<br> lon:units = "degrees_east" ;<br> float lat(lat) ;<br> lat:long_name = "latitude" ;<br> lat:units = "degrees_north" ;<br> float aps(time, lat, lon) ;<br> aps:long_name = "surface pressure" ;<br> aps:units = "Pa" ;<br> aps:representation = "GP_2D_HORIZONTAL" ;<br> aps:grid_type = "gaussian" ;<br> aps:table = 128 ;<br> aps:code = 134 ;<br> aps:REFERENCE_TO = "g3b: aps" ;<br> aps:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> aps:cell_methods = "time: point" ;<br> float aps_ave(time, lat, lon) ;<br> aps_ave:long_name = "surface pressure" ;<br> aps_ave:units = "Pa" ;<br> aps_ave:representation = "GP_2D_HORIZONTAL" ;<br> aps_ave:grid_type = "gaussian" ;<br> aps_ave:table = 128 ;<br> aps_ave:code = 134 ;<br> aps_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "g3b: aps" ;<br> aps_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> aps_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ;<br> float fpscg(time, lat, lon) ;<br> fpscg:long_name = "CG flash frequency" ;<br> fpscg:units = "1/s" ;<br> fpscg:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PRaAP_gp: fpscg" ;<br> fpscg:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> fpscg:cell_methods = "time: point" ;<br> float fpscg_ave(time, lat, lon) ;<br> fpscg_ave:long_name = "CG flash frequency" ;<br> fpscg_ave:units = "1/s" ;<br> fpscg_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PRaAP_gp: fpscg" ;<br> fpscg_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> fpscg_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ;<br> float fpsic(time, lat, lon) ;<br> fpsic:long_name = "IC flash frequency" ;<br> fpsic:units = "1/s" ;<br> fpsic:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PRaAP_gp: fpsic" ;<br> fpsic:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> fpsic:cell_methods = "time: point" ;<br> float fpsic_ave(time, lat, lon) ;<br> fpsic_ave:long_name = "IC flash frequency" ;<br> fpsic_ave:units = "1/s" ;<br> fpsic_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PRaAP_gp: fpsic" ;<br> fpsic_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> fpsic_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ;<br> float fpsm2cg(time, lat, lon) ;<br> fpsm2cg:long_name = "CG flash density" ;<br> fpsm2cg:units = "1/s/m2" ;<br> fpsm2cg:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PRaAP_gp: fpsm2cg" ;<br> fpsm2cg:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> fpsm2cg:cell_methods = "time: point" ;<br> float fpsm2cg_ave(time, lat, lon) ;<br> fpsm2cg_ave:long_name = "CG flash density" ;<br> fpsm2cg_ave:units = "1/s/m2" ;<br> fpsm2cg_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PRaAP_gp: fpsm2cg" ;<br> fpsm2cg_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> fpsm2cg_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ;<br> float fpsm2ic(time, lat, lon) ;<br> fpsm2ic:long_name = "IC flash density" ;<br> fpsm2ic:units = "1/s/m2" ;<br> fpsm2ic:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PRaAP_gp: fpsm2ic" ;<br> fpsm2ic:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> fpsm2ic:cell_methods = "time: point" ;<br> float fpsm2ic_ave(time, lat, lon) ;<br> fpsm2ic_ave:long_name = "IC flash density" ;<br> fpsm2ic_ave:units = "1/s/m2" ;<br> fpsm2ic_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PRaAP_gp: fpsm2ic" ;<br> fpsm2ic_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> fpsm2ic_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ;<br> float fpslcc10(time, lat, lon) ;<br> fpslcc10:long_name = "LCC(&gt;10 ms) flash frequency" ;<br> fpslcc10:units = "1/s" ;<br> fpslcc10:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PRaAP_gp: fpslcc10" ;<br> fpslcc10:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> fpslcc10:cell_methods = "time: point" ;<br> float fpslcc10_ave(time, lat, lon) ;<br> fpslcc10_ave:long_name = "LCC(&gt;10 ms) flash frequency" ;<br> fpslcc10_ave:units = "1/s" ;<br> fpslcc10_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PRaAP_gp: fpslcc10" ;<br> fpslcc10_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> fpslcc10_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ;<br> float fpslcc20(time, lat, lon) ;<br> fpslcc20:long_name = "LCC(&gt;20 ms) flash frequency" ;<br> fpslcc20:units = "1/s" ;<br> fpslcc20:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PRaAP_gp: fpslcc20" ;<br> fpslcc20:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> fpslcc20:cell_methods = "time: point" ;<br> float fpslcc20_ave(time, lat, lon) ;<br> fpslcc20_ave:long_name = "LCC(&gt;20 ms) flash frequency" ;<br> fpslcc20_ave:units = "1/s" ;<br> fpslcc20_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PRaAP_gp: fpslcc20" ;<br> fpslcc20_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> fpslcc20_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ;<br> float fpsm2lcc10(time, lat, lon) ;<br> fpsm2lcc10:long_name = "LCC(&gt;10 ms) flash density" ;<br> fpsm2lcc10:units = "1/s/m2" ;<br> fpsm2lcc10:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PRaAP_gp: fpsm2lcc10" ;<br> fpsm2lcc10:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> fpsm2lcc10:cell_methods = "time: point" ;<br> float fpsm2lcc10_ave(time, lat, lon) ;<br> fpsm2lcc10_ave:long_name = "LCC(&gt;10 ms) flash density" ;<br> fpsm2lcc10_ave:units = "1/s/m2" ;<br> fpsm2lcc10_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PRaAP_gp: fpsm2lcc10" ;<br> fpsm2lcc10_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> fpsm2lcc10_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ;<br> float fpsm2lcc20(time, lat, lon) ;<br> fpsm2lcc20:long_name = "LCC(&gt;20 ms) flash density" ;<br> fpsm2lcc20:units = "1/s/m2" ;<br> fpsm2lcc20:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PRaAP_gp: fpsm2lcc20" ;<br> fpsm2lcc20:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> fpsm2lcc20:cell_methods = "time: point" ;<br> float fpsm2lcc20_ave(time, lat, lon) ;<br> fpsm2lcc20_ave:long_name = "LCC(&gt;20 ms) flash density" ;<br> fpsm2lcc20_ave:units = "1/s/m2" ;<br> fpsm2lcc20_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PRaAP_gp: fpsm2lcc20" ;<br> fpsm2lcc20_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> fpsm2lcc20_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ;<br> float fpssprite(time, lat, lon) ;<br> fpssprite:long_name = "Sprites flash frequency" ;<br> fpssprite:units = "1/s" ;<br> fpssprite:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PRaAP_gp: fpssprite" ;<br> fpssprite:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> fpssprite:cell_methods = "time: point" ;<br> float fpssprite_ave(time, lat, lon) ;<br> fpssprite_ave:long_name = "Sprites flash frequency" ;<br> fpssprite_ave:units = "1/s" ;<br> fpssprite_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PRaAP_gp: fpssprite" ;<br> fpssprite_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> fpssprite_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ;<br> float fpsm2sprite(time, lat, lon) ;<br> fpsm2sprite:long_name = "Sprites flash density" ;<br> fpsm2sprite:units = "1/s/m2" ;<br> fpsm2sprite:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PRaAP_gp: fpsm2sprite" ;<br> fpsm2sprite:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> fpsm2sprite:cell_methods = "time: point" ;<br> float fpsm2sprite_ave(time, lat, lon) ;<br> fpsm2sprite_ave:long_name = "Sprites flash density" ;<br> fpsm2sprite_ave:units = "1/s/m2" ;<br> fpsm2sprite_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PRaAP_gp: fpsm2sprite" ;<br> fpsm2sprite_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> fpsm2sprite_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ;<br> float bps(time, lat, lon) ;<br> bps:long_name = "BJ flash frequency" ;<br> bps:units = "1/s" ;<br> bps:REFERENCE_TO = "bluejetbPRaAP_gp: bps" ;<br> bps:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> bps:cell_methods = "time: point" ;<br> float bps_ave(time, lat, lon) ;<br> bps_ave:long_name = "BJ flash frequency" ;<br> bps_ave:units = "1/s" ;<br> bps_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "bluejetbPRaAP_gp: bps" ;<br> bps_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> bps_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ;<br> float bpsm2(time, lat, lon) ;<br> bpsm2:long_name = "BJ flash density" ;<br> bpsm2:units = "1/s/m2" ;<br> bpsm2:REFERENCE_TO = "bluejetbPRaAP_gp: bpsm2" ;<br> bpsm2:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> bpsm2:cell_methods = "time: point" ;<br> float bpsm2_ave(time, lat, lon) ;<br> bpsm2_ave:long_name = "BJ flash density" ;<br> bpsm2_ave:units = "1/s/m2" ;<br> bpsm2_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "bluejetbPRaAP_gp: bpsm2" ;<br> bpsm2_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ;<br> bpsm2_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ;<br> double time_bnds(time, tbnds) ;<br> time_bnds:long_name = "time bounds" ;<br> time_bnds:units = "days since 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z" ;<br> time_bnds:cell_methods = "time: point" ; // global attributes:<br> :MESSy = "MESSy version d2.55.1-62-g7ea171fc6-dirty_7ea171fc682744f70976123b863cca166dd2023b_2021-05-19T16:21:08+00:00_2021-06-04T13:28:34+0200, http://www.messy-interface.org" ;<br> :MESSy_switch = "version 1.0" ;<br> :MESSy_channel = "version 2.4.3" ;<br> :MESSy_tracer = "version 2.6" ;<br> :MESSy_timer = "version 0.1" ;<br> :MESSy_qtimer = "version 3.0" ;<br> :MESSy_import = "version 1.0" ;<br> :MESSy_grid = "version v1.5" ;<br> :MESSy_rnd = "version 1.1" ;<br> :MESSy_aeropt = "version 2.0.2" ;<br> :MESSy_cloud = "version 2.2" ;<br> :MESSy_cloudopt = "version 2.1b" ;<br> :MESSy_convect = "version 2.0" ;<br> :MESSy_gwave = "version 1.0" ;<br> :MESSy_lnox = "version 3.0" ;<br> :MESSy_orbit = "version 0.9" ;<br> :MESSy_orogw = "version 1.1" ;<br> :MESSy_rad = "version 2.2" ;<br> :MESSy_e5vdiff = "version 1.2" ;<br> :MESSy_surface = "version 1.2" ;<br> :MESSy_tropop = "version 2.1" ;<br> :MESSy_viso = "version 2.3" ;<br> :MESSy_experiment = "2009_10h" ;<br> :EXEC_CHECKSUM = "45e5ddd17ae5992f931a9ba4bab4a921 bin/echam5.exe (md5sum)" ;<br> :GCM = "ECHAM5 version 5.3.02, Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg" ;<br> :GCM_spherical_trunc_n = 42 ;<br> :GCM_spherical_trunc_m = 42 ;<br> :GCM_spherical_trunc_k = 42 ;<br> :GCM_vertical_mode = "middle atmosphere (MA)" ;<br> :GCM_horizontal_mode = "global" ;<br> :GCM_adv