cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7518695.v1
title: Chemical Composition and bromatologic degradability in situ of Marandu grass in silvopastoral systems formed by babassu and monoculture systems

description: SUMMARY The objective of the present work was to evaluate the in situ degradability of dry matter (DM) and the composition of components morphological leaf and stem of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu in silvopastoral systems composed of palms of babassu palm (Attalea speciosa) and monoculture systems in region Pre-Amazon Maranhense. The experimental design was completely randomized with 0, 80, 131, 160 adult palms.ha-1, characterizing monoculture (Mono), low density of palm trees (LDP), average density of palm trees (ADP) and high density of palm trees (HDP) during the periods rainy and dry. Representative samples were taken from each one of the systems silvipastoris, using squares of 0.25m2. They were positioned at random in representative points of pastures at the time of sampling and the plants contained inside of each square were cut every 28 days, flush to the ground. The samples, after heavy, morphological components were separated in leaves and culms, carried the oven and made the laboratory analysis. The shade provided by trees of babassu influenced the nutritive value of Marandu grass both evaluation periods, mainly in crude protein content in silvopastoral systems, it has been observed that the in situ degradability of dry matter of the leaves was greater than the stem and that there was little influence of grazing systems in parameters of degradability.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7511333
title: Performance and behavior of pigs in finish phase subject to different programs of lighting

description: SUMMARY The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of lighting programs on performance, plasma concentration of melatonin and behavior of finishing pigs. The experiment was conducted in the pig farming sector UFLA, using 32 pigs in the finishing phase, for 48 days. The animals were housed in groups of two in each pen (experimental unit), distributed in a randomized block design, according to the initial weight. Four light periods were used (treatments): T1: natural light (LN); T2: 15 hours of light and dark by day nine (15L: 9E); T3: 19 hours light per day (19L: 5E); T4: 23 hours of light per day (23L: 1D). The variables analyzed were the performance (average daily feed consumption, average daily gain weight and feed conversion), the plasma concentrations of melatonin and the behavior (drinking, sniffing, leisure and eating). The change in photoperiod did not affect performance or melatonin concentration in pigs. The behavioral variables "digging", "eating", "drinking", did not differ in any of the periods studied, but leisure behavior was more occurring to the pigs receiving 15 hours of light. The increase in photoperiod showed no significant changes in performance or behavior of the animals.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7512614
title: Ingestive behavior cattle in piatã-grass under intermittent stocking with distinct entry heights

description: SUMMARY Knowledge of the interface plant and animal in the ecosystem grasslands is of fundamental importance when it seeks to maximize production performance of the system. That sense the objective was to verify if the input time piatã-grass (30, 40 and 50cm) interferes with the quality of the forage, feeding behavior, travel patterns and use of food cattle stations in two conditions of time, pre-grazing (zero grazing days) and post-grazing (seven days of grazing). The evaluations were conducted in the period of 06h: 30m 18h: 20m in the second and fourth grazing cycles with animals with 16 months of age and 239.8±25.7kg LW. The pre-grazing heights did not change feeding behavior, but was no effect for the condition of the pasture (pre-grazing and post-grazing). The interval number of meals was higher at 30cm and lower in pre-grazing. The highest bite rate was in 30cm and 40cm to the smallest, reflecting good condition to grazing, while reducing TB to 50cm to 30cm is related to the difficulty of using bits. In pre-grazing largest number of stations per minute was at 40cm, while in the post-grazing to 50cm. In pre-grazing decreased time per meal compared to the post-grazing, reflecting the best pasture structure in this condition. The entry height did not change feeding behavior, however, grazing time modify the feeding behavior standard of displacement, search and seizure of forage by the animals, especially in the post-grazing condition to 50cm.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7512614.v1
title: Ingestive behavior cattle in piatã-grass under intermittent stocking with distinct entry heights

description: SUMMARY Knowledge of the interface plant and animal in the ecosystem grasslands is of fundamental importance when it seeks to maximize production performance of the system. That sense the objective was to verify if the input time piatã-grass (30, 40 and 50cm) interferes with the quality of the forage, feeding behavior, travel patterns and use of food cattle stations in two conditions of time, pre-grazing (zero grazing days) and post-grazing (seven days of grazing). The evaluations were conducted in the period of 06h: 30m 18h: 20m in the second and fourth grazing cycles with animals with 16 months of age and 239.8±25.7kg LW. The pre-grazing heights did not change feeding behavior, but was no effect for the condition of the pasture (pre-grazing and post-grazing). The interval number of meals was higher at 30cm and lower in pre-grazing. The highest bite rate was in 30cm and 40cm to the smallest, reflecting good condition to grazing, while reducing TB to 50cm to 30cm is related to the difficulty of using bits. In pre-grazing largest number of stations per minute was at 40cm, while in the post-grazing to 50cm. In pre-grazing decreased time per meal compared to the post-grazing, reflecting the best pasture structure in this condition. The entry height did not change feeding behavior, however, grazing time modify the feeding behavior standard of displacement, search and seizure of forage by the animals, especially in the post-grazing condition to 50cm.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7512176
title: Cará flour (“Dioscorea trifida” L.) on performance, egg quality and serum biochemistry of commercial laying hens

description: SUMMARY This study was developed with the objective of to evaluate the performance, egg quality and biochemical parameters of increasing levels (0; 5; 10; 15; 20 e 25%) of cará flour in diets for laying hens. 144 birds Hissex White with 39 weeks of age were used. The experiment had duration of 84 days divided into four periods of 21 days. The experimental method was complete randomized with six treatments and four replications of six birds each. The estimates of cará flour levels were determined by polynomial regression. The results of feed intake, egg production, feed conversion (per dozen eggs and per egg mass), and egg mass showed significant differences (P&lt;0.05) observed quadratic effect. The egg quality variables weren’t influenced significantly (P&gt;0.05) by the treatments. Significant differences were observed (P&lt;0.05) in blood triglyceride and pH concentrations showed quadratic effect. From the results, concludes that the cará flour can be used as an alternative food in diets for laying hens, with the inclusion level of 5% showed great results of performance and serum biochemistry. At 25% of inclusion, there wasn’t change in egg quality.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7512176.v1
title: Cará flour (“Dioscorea trifida” L.) on performance, egg quality and serum biochemistry of commercial laying hens

description: SUMMARY This study was developed with the objective of to evaluate the performance, egg quality and biochemical parameters of increasing levels (0; 5; 10; 15; 20 e 25%) of cará flour in diets for laying hens. 144 birds Hissex White with 39 weeks of age were used. The experiment had duration of 84 days divided into four periods of 21 days. The experimental method was complete randomized with six treatments and four replications of six birds each. The estimates of cará flour levels were determined by polynomial regression. The results of feed intake, egg production, feed conversion (per dozen eggs and per egg mass), and egg mass showed significant differences (P&lt;0.05) observed quadratic effect. The egg quality variables weren’t influenced significantly (P&gt;0.05) by the treatments. Significant differences were observed (P&lt;0.05) in blood triglyceride and pH concentrations showed quadratic effect. From the results, concludes that the cará flour can be used as an alternative food in diets for laying hens, with the inclusion level of 5% showed great results of performance and serum biochemistry. At 25% of inclusion, there wasn’t change in egg quality.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7517816.v1
title: Combinations of non-protein nitrogen sources in supplements for Nellore steers grazing

description: SUMMARY The objective of evaluating sources of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) combined for supplementation of Nelore steers in deferred pasture. After the deferral of four pickets of Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG4 (20 ha each) of 60 days, 80 Nellore steers, with average body weight 280.40 ± 19.59 kg, were evaluated for 120 days. The management adopted was rotational grazing, with pickets changes every 15 days. We evaluated four treatments with different combinations of NNP sources: Urea +Urea extruded + Urea coated; Urea + Urea coated; Urea + Urea extruded and Urea extruded. In all treatments were provided protein supplement-mineral energy ad libitum, with 30% of crude protein and 40% of total digestibility nutrient. When evaluated individually, the NPN sources presented different solubility in water and buffer, and lowest value observed for coated urea (P&lt;0.05).The animals of the treatments Urea + Ureaextruded + Urea coated and Urea extruded showed average daily gain (0.4 kg/day; P&lt;0.05) of animals treatments Urea + Urea extrudedthe animals(0.34 kg/day).The animals of the Urea extruded treatment higher carcass gain (1.71 @/animal) compared to other (P&lt;0.05).The net margin of the Urea extruded treatment (R $ 158,20/animal) was superior in 10.8%, 8.2% and 35.8% to treatments Urea + Urea + Urea coated, Urea + Ureaextruded and Urea + Ureacoated, respectively. It is recommended to use extruded urea as source of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) in supplements of Nellore steers in deferred pasture.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7517816
title: Combinations of non-protein nitrogen sources in supplements for Nellore steers grazing

description: SUMMARY The objective of evaluating sources of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) combined for supplementation of Nelore steers in deferred pasture. After the deferral of four pickets of Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG4 (20 ha each) of 60 days, 80 Nellore steers, with average body weight 280.40 ± 19.59 kg, were evaluated for 120 days. The management adopted was rotational grazing, with pickets changes every 15 days. We evaluated four treatments with different combinations of NNP sources: Urea +Urea extruded + Urea coated; Urea + Urea coated; Urea + Urea extruded and Urea extruded. In all treatments were provided protein supplement-mineral energy ad libitum, with 30% of crude protein and 40% of total digestibility nutrient. When evaluated individually, the NPN sources presented different solubility in water and buffer, and lowest value observed for coated urea (P&lt;0.05).The animals of the treatments Urea + Ureaextruded + Urea coated and Urea extruded showed average daily gain (0.4 kg/day; P&lt;0.05) of animals treatments Urea + Urea extrudedthe animals(0.34 kg/day).The animals of the Urea extruded treatment higher carcass gain (1.71 @/animal) compared to other (P&lt;0.05).The net margin of the Urea extruded treatment (R $ 158,20/animal) was superior in 10.8%, 8.2% and 35.8% to treatments Urea + Urea + Urea coated, Urea + Ureaextruded and Urea + Ureacoated, respectively. It is recommended to use extruded urea as source of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) in supplements of Nellore steers in deferred pasture.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7510871
title: Supplementation with probiotics and amino acids in the development of beef cattle: identity model study

description: SUMMARY The goal of this study was to analyze the weight gain of calves supplemented with probiotics and amino acids, through model identity analysis. There were utilized 64 catrated Canchin and Canchin x Nelore calves at 24 ± 1,8 months of age and initial average weight of 395,4 ± 10,5 Kg. The calves were kept on continuous grazing system in a Brachiária brizantha pasture. Four treatments were evaluated: witnesses (test); probiotic liquid (ProbL); probiotic liquid plus amino acids powder (ProbL+AAsPó); and probiotic liquid plus injectable amino acids, in a randomized experimental design with 16 animals by each treatment. The treatments, in turn, were compared trough identity model test, on R software. In order to represent the daily average weight gain over time, the logistic model with three parameters (L3p) was selected. The parameter’s estimates of the model were significant in every treatment, with high coefficient of determination (R2)and low root mean square error (RMSE). There was not significant difference between the models for the treatments, based on the identity model test. Therefore, there was no difference in weight gain by probiotics and/or amino acids utilization.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7510871.v1
title: Supplementation with probiotics and amino acids in the development of beef cattle: identity model study

description: SUMMARY The goal of this study was to analyze the weight gain of calves supplemented with probiotics and amino acids, through model identity analysis. There were utilized 64 catrated Canchin and Canchin x Nelore calves at 24 ± 1,8 months of age and initial average weight of 395,4 ± 10,5 Kg. The calves were kept on continuous grazing system in a Brachiária brizantha pasture. Four treatments were evaluated: witnesses (test); probiotic liquid (ProbL); probiotic liquid plus amino acids powder (ProbL+AAsPó); and probiotic liquid plus injectable amino acids, in a randomized experimental design with 16 animals by each treatment. The treatments, in turn, were compared trough identity model test, on R software. In order to represent the daily average weight gain over time, the logistic model with three parameters (L3p) was selected. The parameter’s estimates of the model were significant in every treatment, with high coefficient of determination (R2)and low root mean square error (RMSE). There was not significant difference between the models for the treatments, based on the identity model test. Therefore, there was no difference in weight gain by probiotics and/or amino acids utilization.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7517363.v1
title: Bioeconomic evaluation of supplementation strategies of zebuine steers grazing on stockpilled palisade grass in the dry season

description: SUMMARY The objective of this work was to evaluate different supplementation strategies on supplement intake, behavior, and performance of beef steers grazing stockpiled palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) pastures. There was used a completely randomized design trial to test five supplementation strategies: commercial mineral (SM), mineral plus25% of urea (SP), and three multimixtures (45.5% TDN) with 10% (MM10), 15% (MM 15), or 20% (MM20) of urea. Twenty zebuine steers weighting 300±24.9 kg of initial body weight, being four animals per treatment, were raised on five paddocks of 3.4 hectares under weekly rotation, from July to October of 2010. Data were submitted to ANOVA, using Tukey′s test to compare average values (P≤0.05); however, economic analysis determined the best strategy. Supplementation did not affect the grazing or rumination/resting time (P&gt;0.05). The intake of supplements was affected (P&lt;0.05) by supplementation strategy, being 106, 196, 852, 666, and 400 g/day for SM, SP, MM10, MM15, and MM20, respectively. SM resulted in losing weight (-137 g/animal/day). Using SP practically maintained the cattle weight. However, if gains are desired, multimixtures should be used (P&lt;0.05). In those cases, daily weight gain reached 324 g/animal (MM10). Based on economic analysis, the best strategy was MM20, followed by MM10.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7517363
title: Bioeconomic evaluation of supplementation strategies of zebuine steers grazing on stockpilled palisade grass in the dry season

description: SUMMARY The objective of this work was to evaluate different supplementation strategies on supplement intake, behavior, and performance of beef steers grazing stockpiled palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) pastures. There was used a completely randomized design trial to test five supplementation strategies: commercial mineral (SM), mineral plus25% of urea (SP), and three multimixtures (45.5% TDN) with 10% (MM10), 15% (MM 15), or 20% (MM20) of urea. Twenty zebuine steers weighting 300±24.9 kg of initial body weight, being four animals per treatment, were raised on five paddocks of 3.4 hectares under weekly rotation, from July to October of 2010. Data were submitted to ANOVA, using Tukey′s test to compare average values (P≤0.05); however, economic analysis determined the best strategy. Supplementation did not affect the grazing or rumination/resting time (P&gt;0.05). The intake of supplements was affected (P&lt;0.05) by supplementation strategy, being 106, 196, 852, 666, and 400 g/day for SM, SP, MM10, MM15, and MM20, respectively. SM resulted in losing weight (-137 g/animal/day). Using SP practically maintained the cattle weight. However, if gains are desired, multimixtures should be used (P&lt;0.05). In those cases, daily weight gain reached 324 g/animal (MM10). Based on economic analysis, the best strategy was MM20, followed by MM10.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7514120
title: Intake and digestibility of nutrients in sheep fed fodder salt of faveleira (“Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus”)

description: SUMMARY This study evaluated the intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients by sheep fed with fodder salt with faveleira (Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus), with increasing levels of sodium chloride in the preparation. Twenty five sheep, mongrel, not castrated, placed in individual cages, and distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates. Diets were offered the will containing 1, 3, 5 and 7% sodium chloride in the fodder salt. All animals also received grounded Tifton-85 hay (Cynodon sp) as basal diet abundant, and water abundant. All Diets were offered twice a day. Increasing levels of sodium chloride no fodder salt faveleira provided differences (P&lt;0.05) on intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, ether extract, total digestible nutrients and non-fibrous carbohydrates, when compared to the control treatment. It is recommended maximum to include up to 3% of sodium chloride in the composition of forage salt faveleira, for providing improved intake of dry matter. All tested levels provided improvement inteke of crude protein, ether extract, and non-fiber carbohydrates and also improved the apparent digestibility of all parameters when compared to the control treatment, however, the level of 1% inclusion of sodium chloride in the fodder salt faveleira showed better digestibility.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7514120.v1
title: Intake and digestibility of nutrients in sheep fed fodder salt of faveleira (“Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus”)

description: SUMMARY This study evaluated the intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients by sheep fed with fodder salt with faveleira (Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus), with increasing levels of sodium chloride in the preparation. Twenty five sheep, mongrel, not castrated, placed in individual cages, and distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates. Diets were offered the will containing 1, 3, 5 and 7% sodium chloride in the fodder salt. All animals also received grounded Tifton-85 hay (Cynodon sp) as basal diet abundant, and water abundant. All Diets were offered twice a day. Increasing levels of sodium chloride no fodder salt faveleira provided differences (P&lt;0.05) on intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, ether extract, total digestible nutrients and non-fibrous carbohydrates, when compared to the control treatment. It is recommended maximum to include up to 3% of sodium chloride in the composition of forage salt faveleira, for providing improved intake of dry matter. All tested levels provided improvement inteke of crude protein, ether extract, and non-fiber carbohydrates and also improved the apparent digestibility of all parameters when compared to the control treatment, however, the level of 1% inclusion of sodium chloride in the fodder salt faveleira showed better digestibility.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7507370
title: Intake and digestibility of crossbred goats finished on caatinga grassland receiving feed supplementation during dry season

description: SUMMARY It was evaluated the effect of feed supplementation at 0.4; 0.8 and 1.2% of body weight (BW) on intake and digestibility of crossbred goats finished on caatinga, in relation to crossbred goats not supplemented (0.0% of BW). Thirty-two crossbred, Anglo-Nubian goats were used, eight months old and with body weight of 18 ± 2.5 kg, organised into randomised blocks, which were kept on 37 hectares of caatinga from 7 h to 16 h. Intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral and acid detergent fibre, total carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients was influenced (P&lt;0.05) by the levels of feed supplementation, with linear increases of 202.31; 179.42; 25.05; 11.83; 35.79; 12.27; 142.63 and 166.79 g animal-1 day-1 respectively. There was a substitution effect (P&lt;0.05) on dry matter intake when using feed supplementation at 0.7% BW. Feed supplementation resulted in positive linear effect (P&lt;0.05) for digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, total carbohydrates, total digestible-nutrient content and digestible energy, with an increase of 17.15; 16.64; 19.07; 44.74; 15.15 and 17.56% for dry matter, and 0.69 Mcal kg-1 of dry matter respectively. Final body weight, total gain and average daily gain, showed a linear increase (P
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7507370.v1
title: Intake and digestibility of crossbred goats finished on caatinga grassland receiving feed supplementation during dry season

description: SUMMARY It was evaluated the effect of feed supplementation at 0.4; 0.8 and 1.2% of body weight (BW) on intake and digestibility of crossbred goats finished on caatinga, in relation to crossbred goats not supplemented (0.0% of BW). Thirty-two crossbred, Anglo-Nubian goats were used, eight months old and with body weight of 18 ± 2.5 kg, organised into randomised blocks, which were kept on 37 hectares of caatinga from 7 h to 16 h. Intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral and acid detergent fibre, total carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients was influenced (P&lt;0.05) by the levels of feed supplementation, with linear increases of 202.31; 179.42; 25.05; 11.83; 35.79; 12.27; 142.63 and 166.79 g animal-1 day-1 respectively. There was a substitution effect (P&lt;0.05) on dry matter intake when using feed supplementation at 0.7% BW. Feed supplementation resulted in positive linear effect (P&lt;0.05) for digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, total carbohydrates, total digestible-nutrient content and digestible energy, with an increase of 17.15; 16.64; 19.07; 44.74; 15.15 and 17.56% for dry matter, and 0.69 Mcal kg-1 of dry matter respectively. Final body weight, total gain and average daily gain, showed a linear increase (P