DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8192778
title: Proton Therapy Treatment Simulations with the Bergen DTC Prototype for Range Verification

description: This dataset contains proton therapy Monte Carlo simulations using GATE (Jan et al. 2004) version 9.2 and Geant4 (Agostinelli et al. 2003; Allison et al. 2006; Allison et al. 2016) version 11.0.0. The treatment targets are the pediatric head phantom 715-HN by CIRS Inc. (Norfolk, VA, United States), digitized by Giacometti et al. (2017), and The Visible Human Female (VHF) head, courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, resampled to 1 mm voxels and scaled down to 80%. Distal to the phantom, is a simplified geometry of the digital tracking calorimeter designed by the Bergen pCT collaboration for proton computed tomography (Alme et al. 2020). <strong>treatment_simulations.tar.gz:</strong> 36258 simulations with the 715-HN phantom <strong>treatment_simulations_vhf.tar.gz:</strong> 35673 simulations with the VHF phantom Each simulation is a single pencil beam with \(10^7\) primary protons. To determine valid spots to use, probing simulations with \(10^5\) primaries were conducted, where the beam position, energy, and phantom rotation were varied: 10 mm interval in the xy-plane for the beam position, 3 mm water range interval for the beam energy, and 30° rotations of the phantom. If no primary was found in the detecter after the probing simulation, it is a valid spot for the dataset. Resulting hit files, containing simulated detector readout, can be found in the archive files for the respective phantom. Each simulation is accompanied by a metafile in JSON format, specifying all parameters used to produce the output. E.g., beam position and energy can be found in "parameters" -&gt; "beam_spot_x", "beam_spot_y", "beam_energy" and the phantom rotation can be found in "parameters" -&gt; "phantom_rotation_angle". Simulation data has been pre-processed with two steps. First, hits for the same track in the same layer are binned together into a single entry by averaging the positions (posX, posY, posZ) and summing the energy depositions (edep). Second, the energy deposition values are discretized into a cluster size and back into MeV, to represent the energy resolution of the ALPIDE chip (Alme et al. 2020). Clusters of size 0 are removed. Additionally, some of the unused GATE output columns are removed and a column specifying the detector layer is created through the formula layer = 2*volumeID[2] + volumeID[3]. Details about the meaning of the other output columns can be found in the GATE documentation.
description: This work was supported by the German federal state Rhineland-Palatinate (Forschungskolleg SIVERT) and by the Research Council of Norway (Norges forskningsråd) and the University of Bergen, grant number 250858. Simulations were executed on the high-performance cluster Elwetritsch at the University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, which is part of the Alliance of High-Performance Computing Rhineland-Palatinate (AHRP). We kindly acknowledge the support of the regional university computing center (RHRZ).
description: {"references": ["Ackermann, Michael J., et al. \"The Visible Human data set: an image resource for anatomical visualization\" Medinfo 8 Pt. 2 (1995): 1195\u20131198", "Agostinelli, Sea, et al. \"GEANT4\u2014a simulation toolkit.\" Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 506.3 (2003): 250-303.", "Allison, John, et al. \"Geant4 developments and applications.\" IEEE Transactions on nuclear science 53.1 (2006): 270-278.", "Allison, John, et al. \"Recent developments in Geant4.\" Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 835 (2016): 186-225.", "Alme, Johan, et al. \"A high-granularity digital tracking calorimeter optimized for proton CT.\" Frontiers in Physics 8 (2020): 568243.", "Giacometti, Valentina, et al. \"Development of a high resolution voxelised head phantom for medical physics applications.\" Physica Medica 33 (2017): 182-188.", "Jan, S\u00e9bastien, et al. \"GATE: a simulation toolkit for PET and SPECT.\" Physics in Medicine & Biology 49.19 (2004): 4543."]}