cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15468/dl.y5pne2
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 320717 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is United States of America",
 "DatasetKey is iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
 {
 "or" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-101.97179 31.24885,-102.00325 31.1166,-101.98785 31.00798,-101.92176 30.98769,-101.83696 30.9014,-101.84637 30.86176,-101.78725 30.70436,-101.73261 30.65935,-101.65161 30.64428,-101.65075 30.53899,-101.73111 30.41898,-101.65869 30.34989,-101.71469 30.33372,-101.74602 30.28958,-101.44885 30.11951,-101.33673 30.16335,-101.27296 30.10447,-101.24136 30.01644,-101.08698 29.84726,-101.08715 29.76748,-100.98236 29.64414,-100.8672 29.701,-100.87248 29.73723,-100.95582 29.73073,-100.94271 29.77991,-100.81814 29.80659,-100.68501 29.82512,-100.61017 29.79778,-100.64576 29.73488,-100.76387 29.73495,-100.73675 29.64956,-100.66999 29.61509,-100.49398 29.57007,-100.42102 29.58028,-100.37676 29.53521,-100.00067 29.44941,-99.9461 29.344,-99.87767 29.32261,-99.5018 29.46591,-99.23331 29.49258,-99.03096 29.47088,-98.56627 29.56431,-98.29189 29.62563,-97.89843 29.94212,-97.68327 30.66977,-98.26269 30.93874,-98.32908 31.06071,-98.2814 31.09555,-98.49501 31.21872,-98.67585 31.18548,-98.93043 31.19911,-98.98495 31.27385,-99.12248 31.25045,-99.3227 31.1271,-99.70443 31.20069,-99.84391 31.19401,-99.70945 31.26513,-99.85823 31.30759,-100.63239 31.30572,-100.62557 31.37475,-100.64014 31.41572,-100.57813 31.383,-100.52743 31.44141,-100.55969 31.49989,-100.70448 31.63371,-100.52857 31.60954,-100.47067 31.56303,-100.43832 31.56719,-100.30099 31.67501,-100.30022 31.75634,-100.73009 31.90052,-100.69479 31.95494,-101.39651 32.14264,-101.45407 32.10508,-101.42953 32.02197,-101.52646 31.82226,-101.47302 31.76298,-101.33122 31.77133,-101.26121 31.70687,-101.26629 31.61973,-101.97179 31.24885))",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-100.32979 31.96189,-100.15668 32.06702,-100.17813 32.14493,-100.07782 32.18985,-100.03879 32.11768,-99.81539 32.17278,-99.87149 32.23326,-99.78595 32.29569,-100.16818 32.36508,-100.13953 32.42425,-100.26159 32.46049,-100.28115 32.3906,-100.4454 32.3374,-100.50356 32.37418,-100.65544 32.26316,-100.66953 32.07598,-100.32979 31.96189))"
 ]
 },
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Animalia"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 320717 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0266432-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc112019243
title: Cuneiform Tablet 1913.14.0256, Spurlock 1913.14.0256

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] Spurlock 1913.14.0256; CDLI P420638 ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Yellowish White (10YR 9/1.5) ❧ [Physical Object Note:] 4.3 x 4.1 x 2.6 cm (53g) ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Seal impressions
DOI: 10.15468/dl.66qv2r
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 4241 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Thalia geniculata L.)",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 4241 records from 237 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0065128-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7ucu3a
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 83 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Senegalia venosa (Hochst. ex Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 83 records from 21 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000022-230530130749713/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.unb25w
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 34 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Geranium latilobum H.E.Moore"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 34 records from 14 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0227559-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc112019275
title: Cuneiform Tablet 1913.14.0256, Spurlock 1913.14.0256

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] Spurlock 1913.14.0256; CDLI P420638 ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Yellowish White (10YR 9/1.5) ❧ [Physical Object Note:] 4.3 x 4.1 x 2.6 cm (53g) ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Seal impressions
DOI: 10.15468/dl.wydd5u
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1039 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Senna villosa (Mill.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1039 records from 61 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0144855-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.z3samw
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2358 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Syrphus ribesii (Linnaeus, 1758)",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1900",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 },
 "Country is Sweden",
 {
 "or" : [
 {
 "not" : {
 "EstablishmentMeans" : [
 "is one of (MANAGED, INTRODUCED)"
 ]
 }
 },
 "EstablishmentMeans is null"
 ]
 },
 {
 "or" : [
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters is less than 10000",
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters is null"
 ]
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2358 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0276764-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ykbghc
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 187 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Acipenser medirostris Ayres, 1854"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 187 records from 34 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0047940-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.hqfjea
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 215 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Haplocarpha lanata (Thunb.) Less."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 215 records from 13 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0237346-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc112019144
title: Cuneiform Tablet 1913.14.0256, Spurlock 1913.14.0256

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] Spurlock 1913.14.0256; CDLI P420638 ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Yellowish White (10YR 9/1.5) ❧ [Physical Object Note:] 4.3 x 4.1 x 2.6 cm (53g) ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Seal impressions
DOI: 10.15468/dl.fppac9
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 458628 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Colombia",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "StateProvince is La Guajira"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 458628 records from 294 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0037217-230530130749713/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc112042410
title: Cuneiform Tablet 1913.14.1726, Spurlock 1913.14.1726

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] Spurlock 1913.14.1726; CDLI P421577 ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Medium to Dark Gray (N 4.5/ 15.6% R) Yellowish White (10YR 9/1.5) ❧ [Physical Object Note:] 5 x 2.6 x 1.6 cm (20 g)
DOI: 10.15468/dl.skguda
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1387 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Dromius fenestratus (Fabricius, 1794), Ernobius nigrinus (Sturm, 1837))",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-9.36035 44.71551,-10.59082 42.81152,-11.82129 36.80928,-7.69043 36.17336,-3.38379 35.88905,3.12012 38.13456,9.18457 38.20366,11.7334 37.16032,12.78809 34.74161,17.09473 33.79741, 23.15918 34.23451,30.10254 32.62087,33.2666 32.99024,35.72754 35.03,33.00293 35.53223,28.69629 35.17381,28.34473 36.31513,25.7959 37.50973,24.91699 39.90974,28.78418 40.6473,30.71777 41.17865,36.87012 45.213,38.18848 46.98025,38.71582 47.7541,39.94629 47.93107,40.20996 49.61071,37.0459 50.34546,35.72754 50.40152,33.79395 52.26816,31.68457 51.94426,31.4209 53.27835,32.56348 53.43572,30.98145 54.77535,30.89355 55.52863,28.43262 56.02295,27.20215 57.65716,27.37793 58.30949,27.90527 59.17593,29.66309 59.88894,27.6416 60.58697,31.50879 62.75473,28.78418 69.83962,30.89355 70.28912,29.22363 71.55274,21.75293 71.30079,14.28223 70.14036,11.38184 67.47492,4.87793 63.66576,-5.53711 71.52491,-10.63477 71.69129,-21.5332 67.74276,-28.56445 65.36684,-24.3457 61.35461,-9.36035 44.71551))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1980",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2021"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1387 records from 60 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0156244-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7mskh6
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON ((-117.4058129999999949 47.6991263999999973, -117.4058129999999949 47.6993343500000009, -117.4058129999999949 47.6998750200000003, -117.4058129999999949 47.6998958200000018, -117.4058129999999949 47.7003325100000026, -117.4058129999999949 47.7007276200000021, -117.4058129999999949 47.7012058999999979, -117.4053767300000004 47.7012058999999979, -117.4048158300000040 47.7012058999999979, -117.4043172599999991 47.7012058999999979, -117.4037355899999966 47.7012058999999979, -117.4029254000000009 47.7012058999999979, -117.4022398599999946 47.7012058999999979, -117.4016166499999940 47.7012058999999979, -117.4012427100000053 47.7012058999999979, -117.4006818200000026 47.7012058999999979, -117.4004740799999951 47.7012058999999979, -117.3999131799999986 47.7012058999999979, -117.3995807999999954 47.7012058999999979, -117.3989575800000011 47.7012058999999979, -117.3984174600000046 47.7012058999999979, -117.3977318999999966 47.7012058999999979, -117.3977318999999966 47.7008107999999993, -117.3977318999999966 47.7005404599999991, -117.3977318999999966 47.7002077400000033, -117.3977318999999966 47.7000829699999969, -117.3977318999999966 47.7000413800000018, -117.3977318999999966 47.7000205900000012, -117.3977318999999966 47.6999997899999997, -117.3977318999999966 47.6999789999999990, -117.3977318999999966 47.6998958200000018, -117.3977318999999966 47.6995630999999989, -117.3977318999999966 47.6991263999999973, -117.3982928199999947 47.6991263999999973, -117.3985213299999941 47.6991263999999973, -117.3992691899999983 47.6991263999999973, -117.3997262200000051 47.6991263999999973, -117.4000378300000023 47.6991263999999973, -117.4006402699999967 47.6991263999999973, -117.4009518799999938 47.6991263999999973, -117.4013881300000008 47.6991263999999973, -117.4019282499999974 47.6991263999999973, -117.4026345700000036 47.6991263999999973, -117.4031746900000002 47.6991263999999973, -117.4035486199999951 47.6991263999999973, -117.4040056500000020 47.6991263999999973, -117.4045250000000067 47.6991263999999973, -117.4049612499999995 47.6991263999999973, -117.4053975000000065 47.6991263999999973, -117.4058129999999949 47.6991263999999973))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1932",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Living Specimen, Observation, Specimen, Machine Observation)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0084139-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.hscdgu
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 573636 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Human Observation",
 "Continent is Europe",
 "Country is Sweden",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Hirundo rustica Linnaeus, 1758",
 "Year 1970-2023"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 573636 records from 15 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0237347-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc112042278
title: Cuneiform Tablet 1913.14.1725, Spurlock 1913.14.1725

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] Spurlock 1913.14.1725; CDLI P421576 ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Dark Gray (N 3.25/ 7.7% R) Pale Orange Yellow (10YR 8.5/2.5) ❧ [Physical Object Note:] 5.6 x 3.1 x 1.5 cm (26 g)
DOI: 10.15468/dl.49euma
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 7769 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Dyschirius globosus (Herbst, 1784), Grynobius planus (Fabricius, 1787))",
 "Geometry POLYGON((-9.36035 44.71551,-10.59082 42.81152,-11.82129 36.80928,-7.69043 36.17336,-3.38379 35.88905,3.12012 38.13456,9.18457 38.20366,11.7334 37.16032,12.78809 34.74161,17.09473 33.79741, 23.15918 34.23451,30.10254 32.62087,33.2666 32.99024,35.72754 35.03,33.00293 35.53223,28.69629 35.17381,28.34473 36.31513,25.7959 37.50973,24.91699 39.90974,28.78418 40.6473,30.71777 41.17865,36.87012 45.213,38.18848 46.98025,38.71582 47.7541,39.94629 47.93107,40.20996 49.61071,37.0459 50.34546,35.72754 50.40152,33.79395 52.26816,31.68457 51.94426,31.4209 53.27835,32.56348 53.43572,30.98145 54.77535,30.89355 55.52863,28.43262 56.02295,27.20215 57.65716,27.37793 58.30949,27.90527 59.17593,29.66309 59.88894,27.6416 60.58697,31.50879 62.75473,28.78418 69.83962,30.89355 70.28912,29.22363 71.55274,21.75293 71.30079,14.28223 70.14036,11.38184 67.47492,4.87793 63.66576,-5.53711 71.52491,-10.63477 71.69129,-21.5332 67.74276,-28.56445 65.36684,-24.3457 61.35461,-9.36035 44.71551))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1980",
 "Year is less than or equal to 2021"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 7769 records from 187 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0156246-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.sskyhw
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 123 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-116.03961 48.9669,-116.03961 47.96235,-114.34361 46.61859,-114.44798 45.48358,-113.93918 45.66622,-112.86939 44.47902,-111.00379 44.5573,-111.00379 45.00087,-103.998 45.02696,-104.03713 48.993,-116.03961 48.9669))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Bromus tectorum L.",
 "Year 1718-2023"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 123 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0266434-220831081235567/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.tw853n
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 830 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Continent is Asia",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Amphibia",
 "VerbatimScientificName is Duttaphrynus melanostictus"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 830 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0217988-210914110416597/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc112041448
title: Cuneiform Tablet 1913.14.1720, Spurlock 1913.14.1720

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] Spurlock 1913.14.1720; CDLI P421571 ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Pale Orange Yellow (10YR 8.5/2.5) ❧ [Physical Object Note:] 3.8 x 2.7 x 1.5 cm (15 g)
DOI: 10.15468/dl.2c2vms
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 518 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Geranium koreanum Kom."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 518 records from 32 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0227511-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.h26hq7
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "VerbatimScientificName is one of (Trentepohlia jolithus (L.) Wallr. var. bovina (Flot.) Rabenh.;Trentepohlia jolithus var. bovina)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 },
 "Country is Ukraine"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0091346-230530130749713/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.25549/inscriptifact-ouc112041661
title: Cuneiform Tablet 1913.14.1720, Spurlock 1913.14.1720

description: [Text Description:] Administrative tablet ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] Spurlock 1913.14.1720; CDLI P421571 ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Pale Orange Yellow (10YR 8.5/2.5) ❧ [Physical Object Note:] 3.8 x 2.7 x 1.5 cm (15 g)
DOI: 10.15468/dl.sfdqzc
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 40903733 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is one of (Euryops chrysanthemoides (DC.) B.Nord., Euryops multifidus (Thunb.) DC., Eustachys petraea (Sw.) Desv., Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L., Exochorda racemosa (Lindl.) Rehder, Fagopyrum acutatum (Lehm.) Mansf. ex K.Hammer, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn., Fallopia baldschuanica (Regel) Holub, Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á.Löve, Fallopia forbesii (Hance) Yonek. & H.Ohashi, Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decr., Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Haraldson, Fatoua villosa (Thunb.) Nakai, Fatsia japonica (Thunb.) Decne. & Planch., Poaceae, Festuca Tourn. ex L., Poaceae, Festuca rubra L., Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.) Hack., Festuca valesiaca Schleich. ex Gaudin, Ficaria verna Huds., Ficus altissima Blume, Ficus benghalensis L., Ficus benjamina L., Ficus carica L., Ficus elastica Roxb., Ficus macrophylla Desf., 1804, Ficus microcarpa L.fil., Ficus religiosa L.)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 40903733 records from 6252 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002834-230530130749713/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.y4m3x5
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 6 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Alburnus alburnus",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Year is greater than or equal to 1850",
 "Year is less than or equal to 1854"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 6 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0080579-251120083545085/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.7910/dvn/vqmoju
title: Replication Data for: Political Censorship in Large Language Models Originating from China

description: A growing body of research on large language models (LLMs) has identified various biases, primarily in contexts where biases reflect societal patterns. This paper focuses on a different source of bias in LLMs---government censorship. By comparing foundation models developed in China and those from outside China, we find substantially higher rates of refusal to respond, shorter responses, and inaccurate responses to a battery of 145 political questions in China-originating models. These disparities diminish for less-sensitive prompts, showing that technological and market disparities cannot fully explain this divergence. While all models exhibit higher refusal to respond rates with Chinese-language prompts than English ones, language differences are less pronounced than disparities between China-originating and non-China-originating models. We caution that our study is observational and cross-sectional and does not establish a causal linkage between regulatory pressures and censorship behaviors of China-originating LLMs, but these results suggest that censorship through government regulation requiring companies to restrict political content may be an important factor contributing to political bias in LLMs.
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh0154609.10fu
title: SH0154609.10FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.