cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.3886/e121691v4
title: The Cuban Revolution and Infant Mortality: A Synthetic Control Approach

description: The Cuban government often boasts that the country's infant mortality rate has been low and falling since Fidel Castro's revolution in 1959. However, because many Latin American countries have experienced similar decreases, and because Cuba historically enjoyed lower infant mortality rates than the rest of Latin America, it is unclear whether the government should get credit. We use the fact that Cuba underwent momentous and unique political changes to consider the effect of Castro’s regime on infant mortality. We employ a synthetic control method to ascertain how much of the reduction, if any, can be attributed to the regime. We find that in the first decade of the regime, infant mortality increased relative to the counterfactual, but that---after the introduction of Soviet subsidies---infant mortality partially reverted to trend. To measure the effect of the subsidies, we run a second synthetic control test concerning the collapse of the Soviet Union and the accompanying end of the subsidies. This control suggests that the subsidies played no important role.
DOI: 10.3886/e118401
title: Data and Code for "Liquidity vs. Wealth in Household Debt Obligations: Evidence from Housing Policy in the Great Recession"

description: We exploit variation in mortgage modifications to disentangle the impact of reducing long-term obligations with no change in short-term payments (“wealth”), and reducing short-term payments with no change in long-term obligations (“liquidity”). Using re- gression discontinuity and difference-in-differences research designs with administrative data measuring default and consumption, we find that principal reductions that increase wealth without affecting liquidity have no effect, while maturity extensions that increase only liquidity have large effects. This suggests that liquidity drives default and consump- tion decisions for borrowers in our sample and that distressed debt restructurings can be redesigned with substantial gains to borrowers, lenders, and taxpayers.
DOI: 10.3886/e118401v1
title: Data and Code for "Liquidity vs. Wealth in Household Debt Obligations: Evidence from Housing Policy in the Great Recession"

description: We exploit variation in mortgage modifications to disentangle the impact of reducing long-term obligations with no change in short-term payments (“wealth”), and reducing short-term payments with no change in long-term obligations (“liquidity”). Using re- gression discontinuity and difference-in-differences research designs with administrative data measuring default and consumption, we find that principal reductions that increase wealth without affecting liquidity have no effect, while maturity extensions that increase only liquidity have large effects. This suggests that liquidity drives default and consump- tion decisions for borrowers in our sample and that distressed debt restructurings can be redesigned with substantial gains to borrowers, lenders, and taxpayers.
DOI: 10.3886/e118762
title: Data and Code for: Sources of Inaction in Household Finance: Evidence from the Danish Mortgage Market

description: We build an empirical model to attribute delays in mortgage refinancing to psychological costs inhibiting refinancing until incentives are sufficiently strong; and behavior---potentially attributable to information-gathering costs---lowering the probability of household refinancing per unit time at any incentive. We estimate the model on administrative panel data from Denmark, where mortgage refinancing without cash-out is unconstrained. Middle-aged and wealthy households act like they have high psychological refinancing costs; but older, poorer, and less educated households refinance with lower probability irrespective of incentives, thereby achieving lower savings. We use the model to understand frictions in the mortgage channel of monetary policy transmission.We build an empirical model to attribute delays in mortgage refinancing to psychological costs inhibiting refinancing until incentives are sufficiently strong; and behavior---potentially attributable to information-gathering costs---lowering the probability of household refinancing per unit time at any incentive. We estimate the model on administrative panel data from Denmark, where mortgage refinancing without cash-out is unconstrained. Middle-aged and wealthy households act like they have high psychological refinancing costs; but older, poorer, and less educated households refinance with lower probability irrespective of incentives, thereby achieving lower savings. We use the model to understand frictions in the mortgage channel of monetary policy transmission.<br><br><br><br>
DOI: 10.3886/e118762v1
title: Data and Code for: Sources of Inaction in Household Finance: Evidence from the Danish Mortgage Market

description: We build an empirical model to attribute delays in mortgage refinancing to psychological costs inhibiting refinancing until incentives are sufficiently strong; and behavior---potentially attributable to information-gathering costs---lowering the probability of household refinancing per unit time at any incentive. We estimate the model on administrative panel data from Denmark, where mortgage refinancing without cash-out is unconstrained. Middle-aged and wealthy households act like they have high psychological refinancing costs; but older, poorer, and less educated households refinance with lower probability irrespective of incentives, thereby achieving lower savings. We use the model to understand frictions in the mortgage channel of monetary policy transmission.We build an empirical model to attribute delays in mortgage refinancing to psychological costs inhibiting refinancing until incentives are sufficiently strong; and behavior---potentially attributable to information-gathering costs---lowering the probability of household refinancing per unit time at any incentive. We estimate the model on administrative panel data from Denmark, where mortgage refinancing without cash-out is unconstrained. Middle-aged and wealthy households act like they have high psychological refinancing costs; but older, poorer, and less educated households refinance with lower probability irrespective of incentives, thereby achieving lower savings. We use the model to understand frictions in the mortgage channel of monetary policy transmission.<br><br><br><br>
DOI: 10.3886/e119547
title: Data and Code for: Importing Political Polarization? The Electoral Consequences of Rising Trade Exposure

description: Has rising import competition contributed to the polarization of U.S. politics? Analyzing multiple measures of political expression and results of congressional and presidential elections spanning the period 2000 through 2016, we find strong though not definitive evidence of an ideological realignment in trade-exposed local labor markets that commences prior to the divisive 2016 U.S. presidential election. Exploiting the exogenous component of rising import competition by China, we find that trade exposed electoral districts simultaneously exhibit growing ideological polarization in some domains—meaning expanding support for both strong-left and strong-right views—and pure rightward shifts in others. Specifically, trade-impacted commuting zones or districts saw an increasing market share for the FOX News channel (a rightward shift), stronger ideological polarization in campaign contributions (a polarized shift), and a relative rise in the likelihood of electing a Republican to Congress (a rightward shift). Trade-exposed counties with an initial majority white population became more likely to elect a GOP conservative, while trade-exposed counties with an initial majority-minority population become more likely to elect a liberal Democrat, where in both sets of counties, these gains came at the expense of moderate Democrats (a polarized shift). In presidential elections, counties with greater trade exposure shifted towards the Republican candidate (a rightward shift). These results broadly support an emerging political economy literature that connects adverse economic shocks to sharp ideological realignments that cleave along racial and ethnic lines and induce discrete shifts in political preferences and economic policy.
DOI: 10.3886/e119547v3
title: Data and Code for: Importing Political Polarization? The Electoral Consequences of Rising Trade Exposure

description: Has rising import competition contributed to the polarization of U.S. politics? Analyzing multiple measures of political expression and results of congressional and presidential elections spanning the period 2000 through 2016, we find strong though not definitive evidence of an ideological realignment in trade-exposed local labor markets that commences prior to the divisive 2016 U.S. presidential election. Exploiting the exogenous component of rising import competition by China, we find that trade exposed electoral districts simultaneously exhibit growing ideological polarization in some domains—meaning expanding support for both strong-left and strong-right views—and pure rightward shifts in others. Specifically, trade-impacted commuting zones or districts saw an increasing market share for the FOX News channel (a rightward shift), stronger ideological polarization in campaign contributions (a polarized shift), and a relative rise in the likelihood of electing a Republican to Congress (a rightward shift). Trade-exposed counties with an initial majority white population became more likely to elect a GOP conservative, while trade-exposed counties with an initial majority-minority population become more likely to elect a liberal Democrat, where in both sets of counties, these gains came at the expense of moderate Democrats (a polarized shift). In presidential elections, counties with greater trade exposure shifted towards the Republican candidate (a rightward shift). These results broadly support an emerging political economy literature that connects adverse economic shocks to sharp ideological realignments that cleave along racial and ethnic lines and induce discrete shifts in political preferences and economic policy.
DOI: 10.3886/e118607
title: Code for "Sources of Displaced Workers’ Long-Term Earnings Losses"

description: We estimate the magnitudes of reduced earnings, work hours, and wage rates of workers displaced during the Great Recession using linked employer-employee panel data from Washington State. Displaced workers’ earnings losses occurred mainly because hourly wage rates dropped at the time of displacement and recovered sluggishly. Lost employer-specific premiums explain only 17 percent of these losses. Fully 70 percent of displaced workers moved to employers paying the same or higher wage premiums than the displacing employers, but these workers nevertheless suffered substantial wage rate losses. Loss of valuable specific worker- employer matches explains more than half of the wage losses. (JEL C21, J22, J23, J38, J65)
description: Universe consists of quarterly records from all unemployment insurance covered employers Washington State from 2002:I to 2014:IV and unemployment insurance claims records of individuals who claimed unemployment benefits in Washington State during the same period. .
DOI: 10.3886/e118607v1
title: Code for "Sources of Displaced Workers’ Long-Term Earnings Losses"

description: We estimate the magnitudes of reduced earnings, work hours, and wage rates of workers displaced during the Great Recession using linked employer-employee panel data from Washington State. Displaced workers’ earnings losses occurred mainly because hourly wage rates dropped at the time of displacement and recovered sluggishly. Lost employer-specific premiums explain only 17 percent of these losses. Fully 70 percent of displaced workers moved to employers paying the same or higher wage premiums than the displacing employers, but these workers nevertheless suffered substantial wage rate losses. Loss of valuable specific worker- employer matches explains more than half of the wage losses. (JEL C21, J22, J23, J38, J65)
description: Universe consists of quarterly records from all unemployment insurance covered employers Washington State from 2002:I to 2014:IV and unemployment insurance claims records of individuals who claimed unemployment benefits in Washington State during the same period. .
DOI: 10.3886/e119462v1
title: Data and Code for: "Artificial intelligence, algorithmic pricing and collusion"

description: This material provides the codes, the executables and the scripts for the simulations in the paper “Artificial intelligence, algorithmic pricing and collusion,” by Emilio Calvano, Giacomo Calzolari, Vincenzo Denicolò, Sergio Pastorello.
DOI: 10.3886/e118805
title: Data and Code for: Upping the Ante: The Equilibrium Effects of Unconditional Grants to Private Schools

description: We assess whether financing can help private schools, which now account for one- third of primary school enrollment in low- and middle-income countries. Our ex- periment allocated unconditional cash grants to either one (L) or all (H) private schools in a village. In both arms, enrollment and revenues increased, leading to above market returns. However, test scores increased only in H schools, accompanied by higher fees, and a greater focus on teachers. We provide a model demonstrating that market forces can provide endogenous incentives to increase quality and increased financial saturation can be used to leverage competition, generating socially desirable outcomes.
description: The main sample is private schools in Punjab, Pakistan, that consented to participate in the study in 2012. We further obtain information on school owners, teachers, and children at these private schools.
DOI: 10.3886/e118805v1
title: Data and Code for: Upping the Ante: The Equilibrium Effects of Unconditional Grants to Private Schools

description: We assess whether financing can help private schools, which now account for one- third of primary school enrollment in low- and middle-income countries. Our ex- periment allocated unconditional cash grants to either one (L) or all (H) private schools in a village. In both arms, enrollment and revenues increased, leading to above market returns. However, test scores increased only in H schools, accompanied by higher fees, and a greater focus on teachers. We provide a model demonstrating that market forces can provide endogenous incentives to increase quality and increased financial saturation can be used to leverage competition, generating socially desirable outcomes.
description: The main sample is private schools in Punjab, Pakistan, that consented to participate in the study in 2012. We further obtain information on school owners, teachers, and children at these private schools.
DOI: 10.3886/e111381
title: Data and Code for: Rules for Recovery: Impact of Indexed Disaster Funds on Shock Coping in Mexico

description: Government provision of disaster transfers is typically hampered by liquidity constraints and by weak rules and administrative capacity to disburse reconstruction resources. We show that by easing these hurdles, Mexico's indexed disaster fund (Fonden) considerably accelerates economic recovery after a disaster. To estimate Fonden impact on recovery, as measured by night lights, we exploit the heavy rainfall index that determines program eligibility. We find that, for one year after a disaster, eligible municipalities are 6 percent brighter than those ineligible, with gains likely concentrated among less resilient municipalities. We additionally document how Fonden rules shield resources from political abuse.
description: Second order administrative units (Municipalities) in Mexico. Smallest Geographic Unit: Municipality
DOI: 10.3886/e111381v1
title: Data and Code for: Rules for Recovery: Impact of Indexed Disaster Funds on Shock Coping in Mexico

description: Government provision of disaster transfers is typically hampered by liquidity constraints and by weak rules and administrative capacity to disburse reconstruction resources. We show that by easing these hurdles, Mexico's indexed disaster fund (Fonden) considerably accelerates economic recovery after a disaster. To estimate Fonden impact on recovery, as measured by night lights, we exploit the heavy rainfall index that determines program eligibility. We find that, for one year after a disaster, eligible municipalities are 6 percent brighter than those ineligible, with gains likely concentrated among less resilient municipalities. We additionally document how Fonden rules shield resources from political abuse.
description: Second order administrative units (Municipalities) in Mexico. Smallest Geographic Unit: Municipality
DOI: 10.3886/e111666
title: Data + code supplement for "Health Care Demand Under Simple Prices"

description: This paper shows that consumers respond to prices for complex health care when they can easily assess out-of-pocket prices. Health care cost containment efforts increasingly incentivize price-shopping, despite a dearth of evidence that this steers consumers toward lower-priced care for major medical services. I show that consumers shift toward lower-priced hospitals in the highly simplified price information environment of insurance plans with tiered hospital networks. Consumers observe a single predictable, well-defined price that applies to a broad range of services within each of at most three hospital tiers. Within three years, expected partial-equilibrium savings reach 8–17 percent of baseline spending.
description: Hospitals and private health insurance in Massachusetts.
DOI: 10.3886/e111666v1
title: Data + code supplement for "Health Care Demand Under Simple Prices"

description: This paper shows that consumers respond to prices for complex health care when they can easily assess out-of-pocket prices. Health care cost containment efforts increasingly incentivize price-shopping, despite a dearth of evidence that this steers consumers toward lower-priced care for major medical services. I show that consumers shift toward lower-priced hospitals in the highly simplified price information environment of insurance plans with tiered hospital networks. Consumers observe a single predictable, well-defined price that applies to a broad range of services within each of at most three hospital tiers. Within three years, expected partial-equilibrium savings reach 8–17 percent of baseline spending.
description: Hospitals and private health insurance in Massachusetts.
DOI: 10.3886/e115008
title: Replication Data for: Partisan shocks and financial markets: evidence from close national elections

description: This paper estimates the effect of partisan electoral victories on stock and bond markets. We employ a regression discontinuity-based event study in a sample of 758 worldwide post-1945 national elections, using existing data on parliamentary elections and newly-collected data on presidential elections. Left-wing electoral victories cause significant and substantial short-term decreases in stock-market valuations, while the response of sovereign bond markets is mostly muted. Stock market effects are stronger and more persistent in elections in which the left’s proposed economic policy is more radical and in developing economies.<br>
DOI: 10.3886/e115008v1
title: Replication Data for: Partisan shocks and financial markets: evidence from close national elections

description: This paper estimates the effect of partisan electoral victories on stock and bond markets. We employ a regression discontinuity-based event study in a sample of 758 worldwide post-1945 national elections, using existing data on parliamentary elections and newly-collected data on presidential elections. Left-wing electoral victories cause significant and substantial short-term decreases in stock-market valuations, while the response of sovereign bond markets is mostly muted. Stock market effects are stronger and more persistent in elections in which the left’s proposed economic policy is more radical and in developing economies.<br>
DOI: 10.3886/e112184
title: Data and Code for 'Job Displacement, Family Dynamics and Spousal Labor Supply'

description: We provide the data and code (in STATA) for the project 'Job Displacement, Family Dynamics and Spousal Labor Supply'.<br>In this project, we study the effectiveness of intra-household insurance among married couples when the husband loses his job due to a mass layoff or plant closure. Empirical results based on Austrian administrative data show that husbands suffer persistent employment and earnings losses, while wives’ labor supply increases moderately due to extensive margin responses. Wives’ earnings gains recover only a tiny fraction of the household income loss and, in the short-term, public transfers and taxes are a more important form of insurance. We show that the presence of children in the household is a crucial determinant of the wives’ labor supply response.<br><br><br>
description: NA
description: Response Rates: NA
description: Presence of Common Scales: NA
description: other;
description: Sample as described in the paper 'Job Displacement, Family Dynamics, and Spousal Labor Supply". Smallest Geographic Unit: state ('Bundesland')
description: NA
DOI: 10.3886/e112184v1
title: Data and Code for 'Job Displacement, Family Dynamics and Spousal Labor Supply'

description: We provide the data and code (in STATA) for the project 'Job Displacement, Family Dynamics and Spousal Labor Supply'.<br>In this project, we study the effectiveness of intra-household insurance among married couples when the husband loses his job due to a mass layoff or plant closure. Empirical results based on Austrian administrative data show that husbands suffer persistent employment and earnings losses, while wives’ labor supply increases moderately due to extensive margin responses. Wives’ earnings gains recover only a tiny fraction of the household income loss and, in the short-term, public transfers and taxes are a more important form of insurance. We show that the presence of children in the household is a crucial determinant of the wives’ labor supply response.<br><br><br>
description: NA
description: Response Rates: NA
description: Presence of Common Scales: NA
description: other;
description: Sample as described in the paper 'Job Displacement, Family Dynamics, and Spousal Labor Supply". Smallest Geographic Unit: state ('Bundesland')
description: NA
DOI: 10.3886/e120784v1
title: Replication Code for: Provider Discretion and Variation in Resource Allocation: The Case of Triage Decisions

description: One of the most challenging environments in health care is the emergency department. A key decision maker in that context is triage nurses who assess patient illness severity and influence wait times for medical attention. We gather novel data on the triage process across 108 EDs, including wait times, triage nurse identities and assessments, and detailed patient information and outcomes. Using quasi-random assignment to ED, we find a striking rate of “inversions” where patients who are sicker based on either ex ante information or ex post outcomes are scored as sicker and wait longer than their healthier counterparts.