DOI: 10.5279/dk-sa-dda-2574
title: Varetransport på Fyn via havn og jernbane 1865-1920
title: Transport of Goods via Harbours and Railway in Funen, 1865-1920

description: Transport er en vigtig forudsætning for samfundets produktion og bidrager til den økonomiske vækst ved at muliggøre en stadig større arbejdsdeling. Varetransporten er alligevel relativt svagt belyst i den historiske litteratur. Med denne undersøgelse er det hensigten på et afgrænset område at råde bod herpå. Det vil ske ved en kvantitativ analyse af varetransporten på Fyn i perioden 1865-1920 via havn og jernbane. Herved ønskes at skaffe klarhed over specielt to aspekter 1) Hvordan forholdet var mellem disse trafikmidlers relative betydning, dels for totalomsætningen, dels for udvalgte enkeltvarer. 2) På hvilken måde influerede vareomsætningen på det fynske bysystem eller sagt på en anden måde, hvem var vinderne og taberne i byernes indbyrdes kamp om at tiltrække et så stort opland som muligt?
        
        Perioden 1865-1920 er valgt, da en analyse af havne- og jernbaneomsætningen med en begrænset usikkerhed vil være lig med Fyns engroshandel med omverdenen. Samtidens øvrige samfærdselsmidler kunne ikke magte engrosopgaver. Hestevognens kapacitet og trækkraft var begrænset, og automobilen havde selv i slutningen af perioden endnu ikke større transportmæssig betydning over længere afstande. Byernes opland må forventes at blive kraftigt påvirket af udviklingen for trafikmidlerne. Den relative stabilitet, den nyere forskning har påvist for slutningen af 1700-tallet og begyndelsen af det 19. århundrede, må forventes delvist at blive sprængt og i hvert fald at skifte karakter med trafikforbedringerne.
        
        For at kunne håndtere spørgsmålet om oplandskampen vil der blive givet en kort redegørelse for byer og byteorier. Derved etableres en begrebsramme for inddelingen af de fynske ekspeditionssteder i tre hovedgrupper 1) Odense 2) Søkøbstæder 3) Landstationer. En vigtig pointe er ligeledes at vise, hvad en kortlægning af varetransporten kan bruges til set i forhold til, hvad der er skrevet om byudvikling ud fra befolkningsmæssige og erhvervsgeografiske forhold.
        
        Konkret vil kortlægningen af omsætningen via havn og jernbane blive udnyttet til at besvare spørgsmålet om, hvordan Odenses rolle som landsdelscenter for Fyn udviklede sig i perioden set i relation til omsætningen for øens øvrige købstæder samt landstationerne. I samtiden var der et stærkt ønske fra alle de fynske købstæder om at opnå et så stort afsætningsopland som muligt, hvor aksen helst skulle hedde havneind- og udførsel kombineret med jernbanedistribuering. Hvordan de faktiske forhold udviklede sig, belyses i denne undersøgelse. De nye byer, der fremkom i perioden - stationsbyerne - indplaceres i relation til Odense og søkøbstæderne, ligesom omsætningen på de stationer, der ikke opnåede bymæssig status, sammenholdes med de egentlige stationsbyer. Disse byer og landstationer, der geografisk lå imellem Odense og søkøbstæderne, beskrives dels selvstændigt i vareomsætningsøjemed, dels indplaceres deres vareomsætning i relation til Odense og søkøbstæderne.
        
        Tidligere fremsatte vurderinger om de fynske byers kamp om opland vil blive vurderet på et kildemæssigt mere sikkert grundlag, end det hidtil har været tilfældet
description: Transportation is an important prerequisite for the production of a society, and it contributes to economic growth by making a still larger division of labour possible. However, transportation of goods has only been dealt with to a limited degree in previous research literature. The purpose of this survey is, in a well-defined limited area, to remedy this situation. This will be in the form of a regional quantitative analysis of the transportation of goods via harbours and railway in Funen in the period 1865-1920. An attempt will be made at throwing light on two aspects in particular: 1) The relative importance of these two means of transportation for the turnover as such as well as for selected items (of goods); and 2) How the trade of goods influenced the city system in Funen: Who were the winners and the losers in the battle of attracting as much trade from the surrounding area as possible?     #  The period 1865-1920 was chosen as an analysis of the harbour and railway trade with only a limited degree of uncertainty will be the same as Funen's total wholesale trade with the surrounding world. The other means of conveyance at that time could not cope with wholesale trade. The capacity and tractive power of the horse-drawn carriage was limited, and even towards the end of the period the automobile was not yet an important means of transport over longer distances. The surrounding areas of the towns are expected to be considerably influenced by the development of the means of transport. The relative stability which more recent research has demonstrated regarding the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century is expected partly to break up or at least to change character concurrently with the improvements regarding traffic and means of transport.     #  In order to be able to handle the question of the battle of attracting trade from the surrounding areas a short account will be given regarding cities and city theories. In this way a conceptual frame is established for the grouping of the separate railway service offices into three categories: 1) The city of Odense, 2) The sea-market towns, and 3) The country stations. An important point is also to show what a mapping out of the transportation of goods may be used for seen in relation to what has been published on urban development on the basis of demographic and economic geographical conditions.     #  The mapping out of the transportation via harbours and railway is used to answer the question of how Odense, the local centre of Funen, developed in relation to the market towns and the country stations. At the time all the market towns strongly wished to achieve as large a market as possible, the axis preferably being harbour import and export combined with railway distribution. This survey deals with how things actually developed. The new towns which developed - the country stations - are compared to Odense and the sea market towns, and the volume of trade of those stations which did not achieve status as market towns are compared with the railway towns. These towns and country stations, which were situated between Odense and the sea market towns, are described separately as regards the development of trade and their turnover is seen in relation to Odense and the sea market towns.     #  Previous assessments of the battle of the towns for market shares will be evaluated on the basis of more reliable sources than has been the case so far
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