cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.35111/5wf0-c349
title: The Subglottal Resonances Database

description: <h3>Introduction</h3><br>
<p>The Subglottal Resonances Database was developed by <a href="https://psychweb.wustl.edu/">Washington University</a> and <a href="http://www.ee.ucla.edu/">University of California Los Angeles</a> and consists of 45 hours of simultaneous microphone and subglottal accelerometer recordings of 25 adult male and 25 adult female speakers of American English between 22 and 25 years of age.</p><br>
<p>The subglottal system is composed of the airways of the tracheobronchial tree and the surrounding tissues. It powers airflow through the larynx and vocal tract, allowing for the generation of most of the sound sources used in languages around the world. The subglottal resonances (SGRs) are the natural frequencies of the subglottal system. During speech, the subglottal system is acoustically coupled to the vocal tract via the larynx. SGRs can be measured from recordings of the vibration of the skin of the neck during phonation by an accelerometer, much like speech formants are measured through microphone recordings.</p><br>
<p>SGRs have received attention in studies of speech production, perception and technology. They affect voice production, divide vowels and consonants into discrete categories, affect vowel perception and can be useful in automatic speech recognition.</p><br>
<h3>Data</h3><br>
<p>Speakers were recruited by Washington University's Psychology Department. The majority of the participants were Washington University students who represented a wide range of American English dialects, although most were speakers of the mid-American English dialect.</p><br>
<p>The corpus consists of 35 monosyllables in a phonetically neutral carrier phrase (&ldquo;I said a ____ again&rdquo;), with 10 repetitions of each word by each speaker, resulting in 17,500 individual microphone (and accelerometer) waveforms. The monosyllables were comprised of 14 hVd words and 21 CVb words where C was <em>b,d, g</em> and V included all AE monophthongs and diphthongs.</p><br>
<p>The target vowel in each utterance was hand-labeled to indicate the start, stop, and steady-state parts of the vowel. For diphthongs, the steady-state refers to the diphthong nucleus which occurs early in the vowel.</p><br>
<p>The height and age of each speaker is included in the corpus metadata.</p><br>
<p>Audio files are presented as single channel 16-bit flac compressed wav files with sample rates of 48kHz or 16kHz. Image files are bitmap image files and plain text is UTF-8.</p><br>
<h3>Samples</h3><br>
<p>Please view the following samples:</p><br>
<ul><br>
<li><a href="desc/addenda/LDC2015S03.jpg">Image Sample</a></li><br>
<li><a href="desc/addenda/LDC2015S03.wav">Audio Sample</a></li><br>
<li><a href="desc/addenda/LDC2015S03.txt">Text Sample</a></li><br>
</ul><br>
<h3>Acknowledgment</h3><br>
<p>This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant No. 0905250.</p><br>
<h3>Updates</h3><br>
<p>None at this time.</p></br>
Portions © 2015 Abeer Alwan, Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania
DOI: 10.35111/32r7-8k96
title: CIEMPIESS

description: <h3>Introduction</h3><br>
<p>CIEMPIESS (Corpus de Investigaci&oacute;n en Espa&ntilde;ol de M&eacute;xico del Posgrado de Ingenier&iacute;a El&eacute;ctrica y Servicio Social) was developed by the <a href="http://odin.fi-b.unam.mx/profesores/abelherrera/">Speech Processing Laboratory</a> of the Faculty of Engineering at the <a href="http://www.unam.mx/">National Autonomous University of Mexico</a> (UNAM) and consists of approximately 18 hours of Mexican Spanish radio speech, associated transcripts, pronouncing dictionaries and language models. The goal of this work was to create acoustic models for automatic speech recognition.</p><br>
<p>For more information and documentation see the <a href="http://www.ciempiess.org/">CIEMPIESS-UNAM Project website</a>.</p><br>
<p>LDC has released the following data sets in the CIEMPIESS series:</p><br>
<ul><br>
<li>CHM150 (<a href="../../../LDC2016S04">LDC2016S04</a>)</li><br>
<li>CIEMPIESS Light (<a href="../../../LDC2017S23">LDC2017S23</a>)</li><br>
<li>CIEMPIESS Balance (<a href="../../../LDC2018S11">LDC2018S11</a>)</li><br>
<li>CIEMPIESS Experimentation (<a href="../../../LDC2019S07">LDC2019S07</a>)</li><br>
</ul><br>
<h3>Data</h3><br>
<p>The speech recordings are from 43 one-hour FM radio programs broadcast by <a href="http://www.derecho.unam.mx/cultura-juridica/radio.php">Radio IUS</a>, a UNAM radio station. They are comprised of spontaneous conversations between a radio moderator and guests, principally about legal issues. Approximately 78% of the speakers were males, and 22% of the speakers were females.</p><br>
<p>The audio was recorded in MP3 stereo format, using a 44.1 kHz sample rate and a bit-rate of 128 kbps or higher. Only "clean" utterances were selected from the raw data, meaning that the utterances were made by one only person with no background noises, whispers, music, foreign accents, white noise or static. The audio files were converted to 16 kHz, 16-bit PCM WAV format for this release.</p><br>
<p>The recordings were transcibed using <a href="http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/">PRAAT</a>, a tool designed for phonetics research. The transcripts are in Mexbet, a phonetic alphablet designed for Mexican Spanish based on Worldbet (Hieronymus, 1994). Plain text transcripts, textgrid format time labels and files useful for performing experiments with the <a href="http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~archan/sphinxInfo.html">SPHINX3</a> recognition software are also included.</p><br>
<h3>Samples</h3><br>
<p>Please view this <a href="desc/addenda/LDC2015S07.wav">audio sample</a> and <a href="desc/addenda/LDC2015S07.txt">transcript sample</a>.</p><br>
<h3>Updates</h3><br>
<p>None at this time.</p></br>
Portions © 2015 Carlos Daniel Hernández Mena, © 2014 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, © 2015 Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania
DOI: 10.35111/qpdc-0x63
title: The Walking Around Corpus

description: <h3>Introduction</h3><br>
<p>The Walking Around Corpus was developed by <a href="http://www.stonybrook.edu/">Stony Brook University</a> and is comprised of approximately 33 hours of navigational telephone dialogues from 72 speakers (36 speaker pairs). Participants were Stony Brook University students who identified themselves as native English speakers.</p><br>
<p>This corpus was elicited using a navigation task in which one person directed another to walk to 18 unique destinations on Stony Brook University&rsquo;s West campus. The direction-giver remained inside the lab and gave directions on a landline telephone to the pedestrian who used a mobile phone. As they visited each location, the pedestrians took a picture of each of the 18 destinations using the mobile phone. Pairs conversed spontaneously as they completed the task. The pedestrians' locations were tracked using their cell phones' GPS systems. The pedestrians did not have any maps or pictures of the target destinations and therefore relied on the direction-giver's verbal directions and descriptions to locate and photograph the target destinations.</p><br>
<h3>Data</h3><br>
<p>The conversations were recorded by means of a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) conferencing service. Due to the nature of the task, the recordings contain occasional background noise.</p><br>
<p>Each digital audio file was transcribed with time stamps. Most of the recordings were first transcribed by a transcription company and then edited and checked by a trained graduate student. All other transcripts were transcribed by trained students at Stony Brook University. The corpus material also includes the visual materials (pictures and maps) used to elicit the dialogues, data about the speakers' relationship, spatial abilities and memory performance, and other information.</p><br>
<p>All audio is presented as 8000Hz, 16-bit flac compressed wav. Note the data was converted from wav, so some documentation may still indicate wav. Transcripts are presented as xls spreadsheets.</p><br>
<h3>Samples</h3><br>
<p>Please listen to this <a href="desc/addenda/LDC2015S08.wav">audio sample</a>.</p><br>
<h3>Updates</h3><br>
<p>None at this time.</p></br>
Portions © 2015 Dr. Susan E. Brennan, © 2015 Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania
DOI: 10.35111/5312-x803
title: Arabic Learner Corpus

description: <h3>Introduction</h3><br>
<p>Arabic Learner Corpus was developed at the <a href="http://www.leeds.ac.uk/">University of Leeds</a> and consists of written essays and spoken recordings by Arabic learners collected in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and 2013. The corpus includes 282,732 words in 1,585 materials, produced by 942 students from 67 nationalities studying at pre-university and university levels. The average length of an essay is 178 words.</p><br>
<h3>Data</h3><br>
<p>Two tasks were used to collect the written data, and participants had the choice to do one or both of them. In each of those tasks, learners were asked to write a narrative about a vacation trip and a discussion about the participant's study interest. Those choosing the first task generated a 40 minute timed essay without the use of any language reference materials. In the second task, participants completed the writing as a take-home assignment over two days and were permitted to use language reference materials.</p><br>
<p>The audio recordings were developed by allowing students a limited amount of time to talk about the topics above without using language reference materials.</p><br>
<p>The original handwritten essays were transcribed into an electronic text format. The corpus data consists of three types: (1) handwritten sheets scanned in PDF format; (2) audio recordings in MP3 format; and (3) textual unicode data in plain text and XML formats (including the transcribed audio and transcripts of the handwritten essays). The audio files are either 44100Hz 2-channel or 16000Hz 1-channel mp3 files.</p><br>
<h3>Samples</h3><br>
<p>Please view the following samples:</p><br>
<ul><br>
<li><a href="desc/addenda/LDC2015S10.mp3">Audio sample</a></li><br>
<li><a href="desc/addenda/LDC2015S10.arb.txt.jpg">Arabic Header Text</a></li><br>
<li><a href="desc/addenda/LDC2015S10.eng.xml.jpg">English Header XML</a></li><br>
</ul><br>
<h3>Updates</h3><br>
<p>None at this time.</p></br>
Portions © 2015 Abdullah Alfaifi, © 2015 Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania
DOI: 10.35111/rz6a-gd14
title: Articulation Index LSCP

description: <h3>Introduction</h3><br>
<p>Articulation Index LSCP was developed by researchers at <a href="http://www.lscp.net/index.php?lang=en">Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique (LSCP), Ecole Normale Sup&eacute;rieure</a>. It revises and enhances a subset of Articulation Index (AIC) (<a href="../../../LDC2005S22">LDC2005S22</a>), a corpus of persons speaking English syllables. Changes include the addition of forced alignment to sound files, time alignment of syllable utterances and format conversions.</p><br>
<p>AIC consists of 20 American English speakers (12 males, 8 females) pronouncing syllables, some of which form actual words, but most of which are nonsense syllables. All possible Consonant-Vowel (CV) and Vowel-Consonant (VC) combinations were recorded for each speaker twice, once in isolation and once within a carrier-sentence, for a total of 25768 recorded syllables.</p><br>
<h3>Data</h3><br>
<p>Articulation Index LSCP alters AIC in the following ways.</p><br>
<ol><br>
<li>Time-alignments for the onset and offset of each word and syllable were generated through forced-alignment with a standard HMM-GMM (Hidden Markov Model-Gaussian Mixture Model) ASR system.</li><br>
<li>The time-alignments for the beginning and end of the syllables (whether in isolation or within a carrier sentence) were manually adjusted. The time-alignments for the other words in carrier sentences were not manually adjusted.</li><br>
<li>The recordings of isolated syllables were cut according to the manual time-alignments to remove the silent portions at the beginning and end, and the time-alignments were altered to correspond to the cut recordings.</li><br>
<li>The file naming scheme was slightly altered for compatibility with the <a href="http://kaldi.sourceforge.net/">Kaldi speech recognition toolkit</a>.</li><br>
<li>AIC contains a wide-band (16 KHz, 16-bit PCM) and a narrow-band (8 KHz, 8 bit u-law) version of the recordings distributed in sphere format. The LSCP version contains the wide-band version only distributed as wave files.</li><br>
</ol><br>
<p>This release does not include certain AIC triphone recordings (CVC, CCV or VCC).</p><br>
<p>Audio data is presented as 16kHz 16-bit flac compressed .wav files. The flac compression was added for distribution, and documentation may refer to the files as .wav files.</p><br>
<h3>Samples</h3><br>
<p>Please listen to this <a href="desc/addenda/LDC2015S12.wav">audio sample</a>.</p><br>
<h3>Updates</h3><br>
<p>None at this time.</p></br>
Portions © 2015 Tomas Bergvelt, Anna Kolesnikov, Xuan-Nga Cao, Thomas Schatz, Emmanuel Dupoux, © 2005, 2015 Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania
DOI: 10.35111/94px-a654
title: SenSem Databank

description: <h3>Introduction</h3><br>
<p>SenSem (Sentence Semantics) Databank was developed by <a href="http://grial.uab.es/index.php"> GRIAL</a>, the Linguistic Applications Inter-University Research Group that includes the following Spanish institutions: the <a href="http://www.uab.es/web/universitat-autonoma-de-barcelona-1345467954774.html">Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona</a>, the <a href="http://www.ub.edu/web/ub/en/index.html">Universitat de Barcelona</a>, the <a href="http://www.udl.es/en.html">Universitat de Lleida</a> and <a href="http://www.uoc.edu/portal/en/index.html">the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya</a>. It contains syntactic and semantic annotation for over 35,000 sentences, approximately one million words of Spanish and approximately 700,000 words of Catalan translated from the Spanish. GRIAL's work focuses on resources for applied linguistics, including lexicography, translation and natural language processing.</p><br>
<p>Each sentence in SenSem Databank was labeled according to the verb sense it exemplifies, the type of complement it takes (arguments or adjuncts) and the syntactic category and function. Each argument was also labeled with a semantic role. Further information about the SenSem project can be obtained from the GRIAL website at <a href="http://grial.uab.es/sensem/corpus">http://grial.uab.es/sensem/corpus</a>.</p><br>
<h3>Data</h3><br>
<p>The Spanish source data includes texts from news journals (30,000 sentences) and novels (5,299 sentences). Those sentences represent around 1,000 different verb meanings that correspond to the 250 most frequent Spanish verbs. Verb frequencies were retrieved from a quantitative analysis of around 13 million words.</p><br>
<p>The Catalan corpus was developed by translating the news journal portion of the Spanish data set, resulting in a resource of over 700,000 sentences from which 391,267 sentences were annotated. Sentences were automatically translated and manually post-edited; some were re-annotated for sentence complements. Semantic information was the same for both languages. The Catalan sentences represent close to 1,300 different verbs.</p><br>
<p>Data is presented in a single XML file per language.</p><br>
<h3>Samples</h3><br>
<p>Please view this <a href="desc/addenda/LDC2015T02.txt">sample</a>.</p><br>
<h3>Updates</h3><br>
<p>None at this time.</p></br>
Portions © 2015 Dr. Ana Fernandez Montraveta, Dr. Gloria Vázquez-Garcia, Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania
DOI: 10.35111/wqt6-jg60
title: Avocado Research Email Collection

description: <h3>Introduction</h3><br>
<p>Avocado Research Email Collection consists of emails and attachments taken from 279 accounts of a defunct information technology company referred to as "Avocado". Most of the accounts are those of Avocado employees; the remainder represent shared accounts such as "Leads", or system accounts such as "Conference Room Upper Canada".</p><br>
<p>The collection consists of the processed personal folders of these accounts with metadata describing folder structure, email characteristics and contacts, among others. It is expected to be useful for social network analysis, e-discovery and related fields.</p><br>
<h3>Data</h3><br>
<p>The source data for the collection consisted of Personal Storage Table (PST) files for 282 accounts. A PST file is used by MS Outlook to store emails, calendar entries, contact details, and related information. Data was extracted from the PST files using libpst version 0.6.54. Three files produced no output and and are not included in the collection. Each account is referred to as a "custodian" although some of the accounts do not correspond to humans.</p><br>
<p>The collection is divided into metadata and text. The metadata is represented in XML, with a single top-level XML file listing the custodians, and then one XML file per custodian listing all items extracted from that custodian's PST files. The full XML tree can be read by loading the top-level file with an XML parser that handles directives. All XML metadata files are encoded in UTF-8. The text contains the extracted text of the items in the custodians' folders, with the extracted text for each item being held in a separate file. The text files are then zipped into a zip file per custodian.</p><br>
<h3>Licensing</h3><br>
<p>Users are required to sign two license agreements in order to access this corpus, the Avocado Collection Organizational License Agreement and the Avocado Collection End User Agreement. Those agreements can be viewed in the License field of this catalog entry.</p><br>
<h3>Updates</h3><br>
<p>None at this time.</p></br>
Portions © 2015 Sherwood Partners, © 2015 Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania
DOI: 10.35111/ekgv-et49
title: Coordination Annotation for the Penn Treebank

description: <h3>Introduction</h3><br>
<p>Coordination Annotation for the Penn Treebank is a stand-off annotation for the Wall Street Journal portion of Treebank-3 (PTB3) (<a href="../../../LDC99T42">LDC99T42</a>) developed by researchers at the <a href="http://www.uni-duesseldorf.de/home/en/home.html">University of D&uuml;sseldorf</a> and <a href="http://www.iub.edu/">Indiana University</a>. It marks all tokens that have a coordinating function (potentially among other functions).</p><br>
<p>Coordination is a syntactic structure that links together two or more elements known as conjuncts or conjoins. The presence of coordination is often signaled by the appearance of a coordinator (coordinating conjunction), such as <em>and</em>, <em>or</em>, <em>but</em> in English.</p><br>
<p>Penn Coordination Annotation is available at no cost to all licensees of <a href="../../../LDC99T42">PTB3</a> and appears in their download queue associated with LDC99T42 as <em>penn_coordination_anno_LDC2015T08.tgz</em>.</p><br>
<h3>Data</h3><br>
<p>This annotation is presented in a single UTF-8 plain text tsv file with columns as follows:</p><br>
<ul><br>
<li>section: Penn Treebank WSJ section number</li><br>
<li>file: Number of file within section</li><br>
<li>sentence: Number of sentence (starting with 0)</li><br>
<li>token: Number of token (starting with 0)</li><br>
<li>annotation: "P" if the token is a coordinating punctuation, "O" otherwise</li><br>
</ul><br>
<h3>Samples</h3><br>
<p>Please view this <a href="desc/addenda/LDC2015T08.txt">sample</a>.</p><br>
<h3>Updates</h3><br>
<p>None at this time.</p></br>
Portions © 2015 Sandra Kübler, Wolfgang Maier, Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania
DOI: 10.35111/5sm9-m096
title: RST Signalling Corpus

description: <h3>Introduction</h3><br>
<p>RST Signalling Corpus was developed at Simon Fraser University and contains annotations for signalling information added to RST Discourse Treebank (<a href="../../../LDC2002T07">LDC2002T07</a>). RST Discourse Treebank (RST-DT) is a collection of English news texts annotated for rhetorical relations under the RST (Rhetorical Structure Theory) framework. In RST Signalling Corpus, information about textual signals -- such as <em>although</em>, <em>because,</em> <em>thus</em> -- and signals such as tense, lexical chains or punctuation were added as an annotation layer to examine how rhetorical relations are signalled in discourse.</p><br>
<h3>Data</h3><br>
<p>The source data consists of 385 Wall Street Journal news articles from the <a href="../../../LDC99T42"> Penn Treebank</a> annotated for rhetorical relations in RST Discourse Treebank. As in RST-DT, the data in this release is divided into a training set (347 articles) and a test set (38 articles).</p><br>
<p>The signalling annotation in this data set was performed using the <a href="http://www.wagsoft.com/CorpusTool/">UAM CorpusTool </a> version 2.8.12. Files are presented as UTF-8 encoded XML and plain text. The corpus is divided into three annotation sub-directories: training, test and full. All sub-directories include source, metadata, signalling annotation, and dtd files.</p><br>
<h3>Samples</h3><br>
<p>Please view the following samples:</p><br>
<ul><br>
<li><a href="desc/addenda/LDC2015T10.metadata.xml">Metadata Sample</a></li><br>
<li><a href="desc/addenda/LDC2015T10.signal.xml">Signal Sample</a></li><br>
<li><a href="desc/addenda/LDC2015T10.txt">Text Sample</a></li><br>
</ul><br>
<h3>Updates</h3><br>
<p>None at this time.</p></br>
Portions © 1987-1989 Dow Jones & Company, Inc., © 2015 Depobam Das, © 2015 Maite Taboada, © 1995, 1999, 2002, 2015 Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania
DOI: 10.35111/xpjy-at91
title: English News Text Treebank: Penn Treebank Revised

description: <h3>Introduction</h3><br>
<p>English News Text Treebank: Penn Treebank Revised was developed by the Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC) with funding through a gift from Google Inc. It consists of a combination of automated and manual revisions of the <a href="../../../LDC99T42">Penn Treebank</a> annotation of Wall Street Journal (WSJ) stories. The data is comprised of 1,203,648 word-level tokens in 49,191 sentence-level tokens -- in all 2,312 of the original Penn Treebank WSJ files.</p><br>
<h3>Data</h3><br>
<p>This release includes revised tokenization, part-of-speech, and syntactic treebank annotation intended to bring the full WSJ treebank section into compliance with the agreed-upon policies and updates implemented for current English treebank annotation specifications at LDC. Examples include English Web Treebank (<a href="../../../LDC2012T13">LDC2012T13</a>), OntoNotes (<a href="../../../LDC2013T19">LDC2013T19</a>), and English translation treebanks such as English Translation Treebank: An-Nahar Newswire (<a href="../../../LDC2012T02">LDC2012T02</a>). English Treebank Supplemental Guidelines are included in this release.</p><br>
<h3>Samples</h3><br>
<p>Please view this <a href="desc/addenda/LDC2015T13.tree.txt">treebank</a> and <a href="desc/addenda/LDC2015T13.txt">tokenized</a> samples.</p><br>
<h3>Updates</h3><br>
<p>None at this time.</p></br>
Portions © 1987-1989 Dow Jones & Company, Inc., © 1999, 2015 Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania
DOI: 10.35111/mem6-4951
title: TS Wikipedia

description: <h3>Introduction</h3><br>
<p>TS Wikipedia is a collection of approximately 1.6 million processed Turkish Wikipedia pages. The data is tokenized and includes part-of-speech tags, morphological analysis, lemmas, bi-grams and tri-grams.</p><br>
<h3>Data</h3><br>
<p>The data is in a word-per-line format with five tab-separated columns: token, part-of-speech tag, morphological analysis, lemma and corrected token spelling if needed. All data is presented in UTF-8 XML files and was selected and filtered to reduce non-Turkish characters, mathematical formulas and non-Turkish entries.</p><br>
<h3>Samples</h3><br>
<p>Please view this <a href="desc/addenda/LDC2015T15.jpg">sample</a>.</p><br>
<h3>Updates</h3><br>
<p>None at this time.</p></br>
Portions © 2015 Taner Sezer, © 2015 Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania