cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279146.v1
title: Reduction in gray mold severity in Eucalyptus benthamii seedlings treated with Trichoderma atroviride

description: ABSTRACT Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is responsible for mortality of Eucalyptus benthamii seedlings. Biological control is an alternative due to the lack of products registered for eucalyptus in Brazil. This study evaluated the endophytic fungus Trichoderma atroviride, isolated from eucalypt, for controlling B. cinerea. The assay consisted in the application of a spore suspension of T. atroviride on E. benthamii seedlings at 24, 48 or 72 h before B. cinerea inoculation. Iprodione was used as positive control. Inoculated seedlings were maintained in a greenhouse for 21 days. Severity was evaluated based on a scale of symptoms from 0 (no lesions) to 4 (high severity). Trichoderma atroviride significantly reduced the disease severity, independent of the time of previous pulverization, similarly to the fungicide.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279147
title: Sexual Reproduction in Pyricularia oryzae

description: Blast is caused by the Ascomycete Pyricularia oryzae and is the most important disease affecting rice in the world. Besides rice, wheat is affected by blast caused by P. oryzae in Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia. The high genetic-pathotypic variability observed in local populations of P. oryzae is probably responsible for the low resistance durability of rice and wheat cultivarsto this disease and may also be determinant in eventsof 'host shift' by the pathogen. This review aims to present important aspects of the sexual reproduction of P. oryzae, as well as information about the regulatory mechanisms of the pathogen sexual cycle by the genes mating type and pheromones in a specific recognition system. Understanding the reproductive biology and the importance of P. oryzae sexual cycle is essential for blast disease management based on durable resistance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279147.v1
title: Sexual Reproduction in Pyricularia oryzae

description: Blast is caused by the Ascomycete Pyricularia oryzae and is the most important disease affecting rice in the world. Besides rice, wheat is affected by blast caused by P. oryzae in Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia. The high genetic-pathotypic variability observed in local populations of P. oryzae is probably responsible for the low resistance durability of rice and wheat cultivarsto this disease and may also be determinant in eventsof 'host shift' by the pathogen. This review aims to present important aspects of the sexual reproduction of P. oryzae, as well as information about the regulatory mechanisms of the pathogen sexual cycle by the genes mating type and pheromones in a specific recognition system. Understanding the reproductive biology and the importance of P. oryzae sexual cycle is essential for blast disease management based on durable resistance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279145.v1
title: Survey of races of the causal agent of downy mildew of lettuce in the state of São Paulo in 2012 and 2013

description: ABSTRACT Lettuce is, among leafy vegetables, the most economically important one to Brazil. In the winter, at low temperatures and under leaf wetness, downy mildew of lettuce, a disease caused by the etiologic agent Bremia lactucae, occurs in almost all regions where this vegetable is grown and is considered one of the most severe foliar diseases for the culture. The aim of this study was to identify the races of B. lactucae in 2012 and 2013 that occurred in the main producing regions of São Paulo State, such as: Ribeirão Preto, Jaboticabal, Pirangi, Catanduva, São José do Rio Preto, Atibaia, Salesópolis, Biritiba Mirim, Mogi das Cruzes, Campinas, Itapira, Mogi Mirim, Cândido Mota, Presidente Prudente, Echaporã, Assis, Marilia, Botucatu and Bauru. During the months of July / August 2012 and 2013, we collected samples of lettuce leaves showing symptoms of downy mildew, and in each collected sample the pathogen structures referred to an isolate. The sporangia were multiplied on the susceptible cultivar Solaris, with subsequent inoculation in differential cultivars, performing evaluations on the 12th day from the appearance of the first sporulation in the susceptible cultivar ‘Green Tower’ (Dm-0), according to the code “Sextet”. In 2012, two new codes were determined, identifying two new races, SPBl:10 (63/31/02/00) and SPBl:11 (63/63/18/00). In 2013, a new codification was determined (63/31/18/00), to which the name SPBl:12 was proposed. The genes Dm-14 and Dm-15 and the resistance factors FR-17, FR-18, FR-36, FR-37 and FR-38 confer resistance to these new races that were identified. It is recommended, therefore, in breeding programs of lettuce, the use of factors FR-17, FR-18 and FR-38 as sources of resistance for new cultivars developed in the state of São Paulo, because they confer resistance to all 12 already identified races.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279152
title: Severity of onion downy mildew in different production systems

description: ABSTRACT Downy mildew, caused by Peronospora destructor, is the most important disease of onion when mild temperatures and high humidity predominate. In the conventional systems, excessive use of curative fungicides is recurrent, and the evaluation of differentiated production systems is consistent with the indication of the best method for the sustainability of the crop. Thus, the present study aimed to assess conventional, rational and organic production systems in reducing the severity of onion downy mildew. This study was conducted at Epagri, Ituporanga Experimental Station, in 2013 and 2014. The used cultivar was Empasc 352 Bola Precoce, arranged in a randomized block design with four replicates. Treatments consisted of five production systems, named conventional, rational I (official recommended fertilization [CQFS-RS/SC], reduction in the number of applications and in the toxicity of phytosanitary products), rational II (increase in the amount of N and its fractionation, P and K, according to CQFS-RS/SC, and reduction in the number of applications and in the toxicity of phytosanitary products), organic I (fertilization according to CQFS-RS/SC and five applications of low-toxicity fungicide with products allowed for organic systems) and organic II (increase in the amount of N and its fractionation, P, according to CQFSRS/SC, and the same phytosanitary treatment as in organic I). Every week, after transplanting, the severity of downy mildew was evaluated in five random plants of each replicate based on the percentage of leaf area affected by the disease in each exposed leaf. The severity data were calculated and integrated by the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). The obtained average values of AUDPC, final severity and total commercial crop yield (Kg.ha-1) underwent analysis of variance according to F test and, when significant, were compared according to Tukey’s test at 5%. In 2013, the AUDPC was not significant among treatments and in 2014 the rational systems did not differ from the conventional system and were similar to the organic systems. Similarly, the final severity of the rational systems did not differ from the conventional system in both harvests but were different from the organic systems. The yield of the rational system II was equal to that of the conventional system, 37.59 Kg.ha-1 in 2013. The organic systems showed higher severity of downy mildew and lower yield, compared to the other systems. We concluded that the rational systems reduce the use of curative fungicides for the control of downy mildew, showing effectiveness similar to that of the conventional and the organic system. The isolated use of protective copper fungicide does not reduce the severity of downy mildew in the crop, in relation to its alternate use with curative fungicides.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279152.v1
title: Severity of onion downy mildew in different production systems

description: ABSTRACT Downy mildew, caused by Peronospora destructor, is the most important disease of onion when mild temperatures and high humidity predominate. In the conventional systems, excessive use of curative fungicides is recurrent, and the evaluation of differentiated production systems is consistent with the indication of the best method for the sustainability of the crop. Thus, the present study aimed to assess conventional, rational and organic production systems in reducing the severity of onion downy mildew. This study was conducted at Epagri, Ituporanga Experimental Station, in 2013 and 2014. The used cultivar was Empasc 352 Bola Precoce, arranged in a randomized block design with four replicates. Treatments consisted of five production systems, named conventional, rational I (official recommended fertilization [CQFS-RS/SC], reduction in the number of applications and in the toxicity of phytosanitary products), rational II (increase in the amount of N and its fractionation, P and K, according to CQFS-RS/SC, and reduction in the number of applications and in the toxicity of phytosanitary products), organic I (fertilization according to CQFS-RS/SC and five applications of low-toxicity fungicide with products allowed for organic systems) and organic II (increase in the amount of N and its fractionation, P, according to CQFSRS/SC, and the same phytosanitary treatment as in organic I). Every week, after transplanting, the severity of downy mildew was evaluated in five random plants of each replicate based on the percentage of leaf area affected by the disease in each exposed leaf. The severity data were calculated and integrated by the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). The obtained average values of AUDPC, final severity and total commercial crop yield (Kg.ha-1) underwent analysis of variance according to F test and, when significant, were compared according to Tukey’s test at 5%. In 2013, the AUDPC was not significant among treatments and in 2014 the rational systems did not differ from the conventional system and were similar to the organic systems. Similarly, the final severity of the rational systems did not differ from the conventional system in both harvests but were different from the organic systems. The yield of the rational system II was equal to that of the conventional system, 37.59 Kg.ha-1 in 2013. The organic systems showed higher severity of downy mildew and lower yield, compared to the other systems. We concluded that the rational systems reduce the use of curative fungicides for the control of downy mildew, showing effectiveness similar to that of the conventional and the organic system. The isolated use of protective copper fungicide does not reduce the severity of downy mildew in the crop, in relation to its alternate use with curative fungicides.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279153
title: In vitro potential of Bacillus spp. in the control of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens in common bean

description: ABSTRACT The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) constitutes a very important crop in the feeding of the Brazilian population. The curtobacterium wilt or bacterial wilt, caused by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff), is a vascular disease that affects the common bean, leading to significant damage. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of Bacillus spp. on the inhibition of two Cff isolates, the colonization of the root system and the development of common bean seedlings. Two in vitro assays were performed to verify the antagonistic activity of the isolates Bacillus licheniformis, B. subtilis, and B. subtilis + B. lichenformis against two isolates of Cff. All isolates of Bacillus spp. inhibited the growth of Cff isolates. Common bean seedlings showed no root colonization by the evaluated bacterial isolates.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279153.v1
title: In vitro potential of Bacillus spp. in the control of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens in common bean

description: ABSTRACT The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) constitutes a very important crop in the feeding of the Brazilian population. The curtobacterium wilt or bacterial wilt, caused by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff), is a vascular disease that affects the common bean, leading to significant damage. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of Bacillus spp. on the inhibition of two Cff isolates, the colonization of the root system and the development of common bean seedlings. Two in vitro assays were performed to verify the antagonistic activity of the isolates Bacillus licheniformis, B. subtilis, and B. subtilis + B. lichenformis against two isolates of Cff. All isolates of Bacillus spp. inhibited the growth of Cff isolates. Common bean seedlings showed no root colonization by the evaluated bacterial isolates.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279155
title: Relationship between Rps 1k gene and resistance to Pythium ultimum and P. irregulare in soybean

description: ABSTRACT In soybean Pythium spp. produces seed and root rot and “damping off”. The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between resistant gene Rps 1k to Phytophthora sojae with Pythium ultimum and P. irregulare. Four genotypes of soybean were sown on inoculated soil, two of them with gene Rps 1k and the other two without it. Genotypes without the gene did not differ among themselves, no matter whether they were inoculated or not. On the other hand, Rps1k genotypes differed from each other, whether or not they were inoculated. SE+2 presented 95% of emergence whereas SE+1 presented 78.35% of emergence, but in both cases the emergence decreased when genotypes were inoculated with 63.35% and 34.15% respectively. Under the assayed conditions the gene Rps1k resistant to Ph. sojae did not show a greater number of emerged seedlings against the tested strains of P. ultimum or P. irregulare.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279160.v1
title: Reaction of citrus hybrids to inoculation with Alternaria alternata

description: ABSTRACT Alternaria brown spot (ABS), caused by Alternaria alternata, which produces a host-specific toxin (HST), is a very important disease in mandarin orchards worldwide. This disease affects mandarin, their hybrids and grapefruits. The main varieties cultivated in Brazil, Ponkan mandarin and Murcott tangor, are highly susceptible to the fungus, which is also an alternative saprophyte that reproduces in the orchards and has its spores easily spread by the wind. For this study, citrus hybrids obtained from directed crossing were selected for their agronomic traits, which make them potential new varieties of sweet orange and mandarins both for industrial citriculture and for fresh fruit market. These hybrids were evaluated for their response to ABS by means of A. alternata inoculation in vitro and in vivo, an indispensible step for the release of new varieties. More than 30 genotypes that were resistant or had few symptoms of the disease were selected. Selection of varieties resistant to the disease is of great economic importance, since it reduces the production costs, rather increased due to chemical control, and also contributes to the inoculum decrease in the field.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279162
title: Action of the essential oil of mint (Mentha arvensis) on the pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae in bunches of grapevine cv. Itália

description: ABSTRACT The presence of Lasiodiplodia theobromae (dry rot) on the vine, in irrigated areas of the Brazilian semi-arid region, has been very aggressive, infecting several plant parts. Essential oils show efficient disease control, both for their fungitoxic action, which inhibits mycelial growth and spore germination, and for the presence of elicitor compounds. Thus, this study aimed to obtain L. theobromae control by using the oil from mint (Mentha arvensis). The mycelial growth of L. theobromae was analyzed on Petri plates containing potato-dextrose-agar medium supplemented with the essential oil at the following concentrations: 0; 0.25; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0% of mint oil. To evaluate the direct effect of the essential oil on the disease development, the grape bunches were inoculated with the pathogen and, after 4 h, sprayed with solutions containing the same previously described concentrations; then, to evaluate the potential of essential oil in the preventive treatment, the same treatments were applied on grape bunches at 4 hours before inoculation. The mint oil, at all tested concentrations, was capable of inhibiting the mycelial growth of L. theobromae by 100%. In the curative treatment, considering incidence, 0.25% mint was statistically different from the remaining treatments, showing 88% infected berries, while dry rot severity of grape bunches could not be reduced by any of the concentrations. For the preventive treatment, considering incidence, 0.5% mint oil statistically differed from control, showing 86% and 94% infected berries, respectively, and there was greater reduction in dry rot severity, since the disease index was 73.7%, compared to control, which had disease index of 98%.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279155.v1
title: Relationship between Rps 1k gene and resistance to Pythium ultimum and P. irregulare in soybean

description: ABSTRACT In soybean Pythium spp. produces seed and root rot and “damping off”. The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between resistant gene Rps 1k to Phytophthora sojae with Pythium ultimum and P. irregulare. Four genotypes of soybean were sown on inoculated soil, two of them with gene Rps 1k and the other two without it. Genotypes without the gene did not differ among themselves, no matter whether they were inoculated or not. On the other hand, Rps1k genotypes differed from each other, whether or not they were inoculated. SE+2 presented 95% of emergence whereas SE+1 presented 78.35% of emergence, but in both cases the emergence decreased when genotypes were inoculated with 63.35% and 34.15% respectively. Under the assayed conditions the gene Rps1k resistant to Ph. sojae did not show a greater number of emerged seedlings against the tested strains of P. ultimum or P. irregulare.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279160
title: Reaction of citrus hybrids to inoculation with Alternaria alternata

description: ABSTRACT Alternaria brown spot (ABS), caused by Alternaria alternata, which produces a host-specific toxin (HST), is a very important disease in mandarin orchards worldwide. This disease affects mandarin, their hybrids and grapefruits. The main varieties cultivated in Brazil, Ponkan mandarin and Murcott tangor, are highly susceptible to the fungus, which is also an alternative saprophyte that reproduces in the orchards and has its spores easily spread by the wind. For this study, citrus hybrids obtained from directed crossing were selected for their agronomic traits, which make them potential new varieties of sweet orange and mandarins both for industrial citriculture and for fresh fruit market. These hybrids were evaluated for their response to ABS by means of A. alternata inoculation in vitro and in vivo, an indispensible step for the release of new varieties. More than 30 genotypes that were resistant or had few symptoms of the disease were selected. Selection of varieties resistant to the disease is of great economic importance, since it reduces the production costs, rather increased due to chemical control, and also contributes to the inoculum decrease in the field.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279165
title: Morphogenetic characterization and resistance reaction of mandarin orange genotypes to Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri

description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to obtain morphogenetic characterization of ten isolates of Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri collected in the state of Paraíba and to evaluate the reaction of five mandarin orange genotypes inoculated with A. alternata f. sp. citri. The experiment was carried out at Federal University of Paraíba. Ten isolates of A. alternata were evaluated for conidial production, mycelial growth rate and final mycelial growth. A. alternata inoculations were done in detached leaves and seedlings of five mandarin orange genotypes, ‘Tangelo Robinson’, ‘Clementina’ Tangerine, ‘Nova’ Tangerine, ‘Lee’ Tangerine and ‘Swatow’ Tangerine, as well as in fruits of tangerine tree cv. ‘Dancy’. In the inoculation of seedlings, isolate 7 was used, which was from Lagoa Seca-PB and presented the best morphological characteristics. Evaluations were performed at 48h after the pathogen inoculation and used a scale of grades. Isolates 2 and 7 presented higher mycelial growth rate and isolates 6 and 7 caused greater disease severity in fruits of cv. ‘Dancy’. Seven divergent groups of A. alternaria f. sp. citri were obtained by the ISSR marker. Genotypes ‘Tangelo Robinson’, ‘Swatow’ Tangerine and ‘Nova’ Tangerine presented greater resistance to Alternaria brown spot under the conditions of the present study.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279167
title: Early leaf removal as a strategy to control Botrytis cinerea rot in Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine at high altitude regions

description: ABSTRACT Botrytis cinerea is one of the most important pathogens in the highlands of Santa Catarina State. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different times of leaf removal on the progress of B. cinerea rot in Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine. Assays were conducted in the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 growing seasons in a commercial vineyard located at 1230m (a.s.l.) in São Joaquim Municipality, Santa Catarina State (28º 17’ 39” S and 49º 55’ 56” W). The variety Cabernet Sauvignon was grafted on Paulsen 1103 rootstock, conducted in vertical shooting positioning, 3.0m x 1.5m spacing, and covered with hail protection net. Treatments consisted in leaf removal at the phenological stages: full bloom, buckshot berries, pea-sized berries, veraison, 15 days after veraison and plants not subjected to leaf removal. The disease was biweekly measured in bunches from the first symptoms to harvest. Disease progress curves were elaborated and compared according to: beginning of symptoms, time to maximum disease incidence and severity, maximum disease incidence and severity, and area under the disease incidence and severity progress curve. Results evidenced that early leaf removal should be recommended as management strategy to control B. cinerea in Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine grown in the highlands of Santa Catarina.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14279167.v1
title: Early leaf removal as a strategy to control Botrytis cinerea rot in Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine at high altitude regions

description: ABSTRACT Botrytis cinerea is one of the most important pathogens in the highlands of Santa Catarina State. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different times of leaf removal on the progress of B. cinerea rot in Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine. Assays were conducted in the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 growing seasons in a commercial vineyard located at 1230m (a.s.l.) in São Joaquim Municipality, Santa Catarina State (28º 17’ 39” S and 49º 55’ 56” W). The variety Cabernet Sauvignon was grafted on Paulsen 1103 rootstock, conducted in vertical shooting positioning, 3.0m x 1.5m spacing, and covered with hail protection net. Treatments consisted in leaf removal at the phenological stages: full bloom, buckshot berries, pea-sized berries, veraison, 15 days after veraison and plants not subjected to leaf removal. The disease was biweekly measured in bunches from the first symptoms to harvest. Disease progress curves were elaborated and compared according to: beginning of symptoms, time to maximum disease incidence and severity, maximum disease incidence and severity, and area under the disease incidence and severity progress curve. Results evidenced that early leaf removal should be recommended as management strategy to control B. cinerea in Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine grown in the highlands of Santa Catarina.