cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.18462/iir.cryo.2019.0050
title: Adaptable cryosorption pump system for SIS100.

description: This article gives a brief overview of the development and production of a special cryosorption pump system, consisting of 85 pumping components, which will be used in the cryogenic beam vacuum system of the heavy ion synchrotron SIS100 for the FAIR project at the GSI. In this publication we present results of our development and give an outlook for further applications. Operational steps necessarily needed to achieve the high quality requirements for this special application are described in this paper. Included among others, the parameters leak rate, pressure loss, volume flow, quality of the required active charcoal particles and pumping
speed are of most important interest.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.cryo.2019.0056
title: Results of winding and vacuum-pressure impregnation of superconductive double pancakes of PF1 Coil ITER.

description: The paper describes results of winding and vacuum-pressure impregnation (VPI) of double pancakes (DP) of PF1 coil, which were performed in Russian Federation in 2016-2018. PF1 is the uppermost of the six poloidal field coils in ITER magnet system. PF1 consists of eight double pancakes. Each of them is wound from a pair of 400 meters long superconductive conductors. The strands are NbTi type. The DPs have been wound with “two-in-hand” conductors and consist of stress-free upper and lower layers. The winding was performed by automated facility in special clean room. The facility consists of rotary support table, chemical cleaning and sandblasting equipment for cleaning conductor surface, high precision 3 roll benders fully-synchronized with pay-off units and taping machines. The VPI of DPs was carried out by DGEBA epoxy resin system in metallic mould using internal Ampereheating
method. DPs have successfully passed a wide range of measurements and acceptance tests. The test results are also presented in this paper.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.cryo.2019.0066
title: Design optimization of the helium turbines intended to operate close to the saturation curve.

description: The design of cryogenic turbines intended for the expansion of gas near saturation curve has its own specifics. As for helium at temperatures below ca 10 K, there is an interesting h-s diagram region significantly influenced by real gas behaviour. Due to substantial changes of compressibility coefficient along the expansion curves in alternative operational modes, the flow density deviations in decisive flow cross sections can cause important changes in internal parameters of the turbine stage. This is associated with a resulting negative impact on turbine isentropic efficiency, turbine mass flow and cooling power. The topic of design optimization when the turbine is to be operated in different operation modes was investigated by computational way and internal parameters of the turbine stage were analysed. The essential results of these analyses are presented here. The possibilities to eliminate the consequences of non-optimal choice of the design regime with respect to the properties of the reaction radial turbine stage and to the regulation potential of the turbines equipped with eddy current brake were also investigated. Some conclusions and recommendations useful for designers of the helium liquefiers/refrigerators are presented in general.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.cryo.2019.0083
title: Safety of large vacuum insulated LNG tanks.

description: Vacuum insulated cryogenic tanks are widely used in small-scale LNG technology. With growing number of LNG installations and increasing capacity of the LNG storage tanks, highest attention shall be paid to prevention of failures and guarantee of safety of personal, equipment and environment, especially populated areas. The main risk concerns were studied theoretically and experimentally (pressure vessel integrity, outer vessel resistance to accidental situations (pool fire, jet fire, BLEVE, Roll-over etc.).
To better understand the safety a document was created. Document based on strength calculations to see the material reserves (low temperature properties, pressure strengthening, shape change) and also on many physical tests to prove the mechanical properties of different materials used for manufacturing of the cryogenic vessel. Creep tests of outer jacket steel (for certain temperature, time and force). Perlite (insulation) tests at high hydrocarbon flame temperature.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.cryo.2019.0086
title: Heat transfer analysis of a cryogenic vessel with built-in assembly.

description: The heat transfer to a cryostat equipped with a suspended assembly with liquid evaporation was described. The whole role was solved by a two-stage integration in length and time by a finite element method. The distribution of thermal bridges (inner receptacles and intakes) to intervals of unequal length, comprising dimensionally and materially homogeneous elements. For quasi-stationary points of the liquid height, the integration of thermal resistances along the length of the assembly and of the container inner vessel was carried out. The heat flow is divided into the heat for increase of temperature of the elements of the assembly and into evaporation of the differential quantity of liquid. The results were compared with the measured values on the
alternative medium, liquid nitrogen. The work is important for modelling of the function of the LNG vehicle fuelling station technology.
DOI: 10.17632/crj8f3j63z.1
title: Transcriptional responses to IFN-γ require Mediator kinase-dependent pause release and mechanistically distinct functions of CDK8 and CDK19

description: Raw imaging data.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.cryo.2019.0012
title: Correction Magnets for Booster of Complex Accelerator NICA.

description: The new accelerator complex Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility NICA is being constructed in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research to provide studies of both hot and dense strongly interacting baryonic matter and spin physics (in collisions of polarized protons and deuterons) at energies 4÷11 GeV. Accelerator complex NICA will consist of 3 superconducting (SC) rings: existing Nuclotron, booster synchrotron and two-aperture collider ring. For the NICA complex about 430 of SC magnets will be manufactured and tested in the test facility. To provide particles orbit correction, the Booster synchrotron ring includes 24 dipole correction magnets
(DCM) and 8 multipole correction magnets (MCM), 32 additional current leads. The DM has two SC dipole coils: normal and skew. The MCM has 4 types of SC coils: sextupole normal, octupole normal, sextupole skew and quadrupole skew. The original technologies of manufacturing and design of thermal "anchors" and current leads with the use of low-temperature Rose solder have been developed. The calculations of dynamic heat releases for current leads of correcting magnets of booster synchrotron in the temperature range 300 - 4.5 K are presented.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.cryo.2019.0016
title: Measurement of static heat leak and dynamic heat releases for NICA SC magnets.

description: In 2015, the construction of the accelerator complex NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) was started. The NICA complex includes a heavy ion injection complex, new booster synchrotron (Booster), superconducting (SC) synchrotron Nuclotron and collider consisting of two vertically separated SC rings (Baldin A.M. et al., 1994). This article presents two methods of determination of the static heat leak and dynamic heat releases for all SC magnets of accelerator complex NICA and comparative analysis these methods. The static heat leak was determined by the calorimetric method. The experimental results obtained are compared with calculated dates of static heat leak. The dynamic heat releases was determined by calorimetric and electrical methods in the
pulse cycle with a maximum field amplitude of 1.8 T and a speed field 1.2 T/s. The cooling capacity of the cryogenic central station for the NICA accelerator complex was estimated on the base of the results of the cryogenic tests SC magnets.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.cryo.2019.0026
title: Universal research cryogenic unit for xenon production.

description: The data analysis of the permissible xenon impurity content for various applications has been carried out. An universal research cryogenic unit for xenon production with capacity of raw mixture up to 165 slpm (standard liters per minute) has been designed. A scheme based on rectification with preliminary catalytic and adsorption purification has been chosen. Analytical monitoring was carried out by gas chromatographs with Thermal Conductivity, Helium-ionization and Flame Ionization detectors. The water vapor measurements were carried out with laser-optical and coulometric hygrometers. The experiments showed the ability to obtain xenon with the purity level of up to 99.9999 %. The experimental data of the xenon purification to purity of 99.999 % are presented. The tests allows to determine the level of xenon purification for individual impurities: CF4, C2F6, SF6, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide and hydrogen up to 0,05 ppm, oxygen and nitrogen up to 0,1 ppm, krypton up to 0,01 ppm, water vapor - up to 0,2 ppm.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.cryo.2019.0037
title: Own experience from the 22 Year lasting process of harmonization of the European Union safety and quality requirements for
harvesting processing and distribution of human cells and tissues used for clinical transplantation.

description: In Europe the issue of regulation of safety and quality of tissue grafts was first discussed at the EATB meeting in Leuven in 1995. In the years 2004 and 2006 the pertinent Directives of the European Parliament and Council and of the European Commission were issued. In the Czech Republic the harmonized national legal norms were issued in 2008 and the State Institute for Drug Control was authorized to grant licences for activities of Tissue (TE) and Procurement (PE) Establishments. The TE of the University Hospital Hradec Kralove was granted this licence in 2011.The harmonization process lasted 22 years and was completed in 2017, when the
TE was put on the list of the EU Tissue Establishments (EUTE). The TE was given three EUTE identification codes: CZ 000425 for reproductive tissues, CZ 000426 for haematopoietic tissues and CZ 000427 for other tissues, such as vascular tissues, bones, ligaments, tendons or amnia.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.cryo.2019.0049
title: The influence of cryogenic temperature on characteristics of superconducting maglev systems.

description: In our report, we present new results on investigation of the influence of temperature on the levitation force between the stacks of high temperature superconducting tapes (or coated conductor - CC tapes) and a permanent magnets. We studied the changing in value of levitation force at decreasing of temperature down to 30 K for field cooled (FC) and zero field cooled (ZFC) modes for various number of tape in the stack. In the measurements we used 12 mm wide commercially available CC-tape manufactured by SuperOx. The tapes were cut into pieces 12 mm x 12 mm. The number of layers in the stack ranged from 5 to 100. Cooling of the
CC-tapes stack was carried out in cryo-free cryostat. Temperature range was from 30 to 80 K. Results showed that temperature has much influence on levitation force in ZFC mode whereas for FC mode the influence of temperature on levitation force is insignificant. The experimental data were compared with the results of calculations performed by using COMSOL Multiphysics. The obtained results are very useful for the practical application in magnetic levitation based systems.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.cryo.2019.0070
title: The cryogenic air and seas of titan.

description: The cryogenic environment of Saturn’s moon Titan is reviewed. Titan is an ice- and organic-rich world, with a surface temperature of 94 K and a nitrogen-methane-hydrogen atmosphere with a surface pressure of 1.5 bar, and with large seas of liquid methane. To follow up on the discoveries of the Cassini-Huygens mission, these environmental parameters, familiar in the LNG industry, are important in the design of future exploration vehicles and instruments, which could launch as soon as 2025.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.cryo.2019.0076
title: Natural neon-helium mixture as working fluid for 40-80 K cryogenic refrigerators.

description: A general quest in the design of cryogenic systems is to ensure high efficiency and low cost. Cryogenic refrigerators for HTS cables require 10-25 kW cooling capacity at a temperature below 77 K. The reversed Brayton cycle is recognized as the most promising process for this application. Prototype systems based mainly on neon as a refrigerant and oil-free turbo-compressors with magnetic bearings have been developed by some suppliers in the last decade. Unfortunately, there are no reports available about their operation and corresponding maintenance cost. However, the relatively high cost of pure neon as refrigerant can affect the economics of this application. An alternative working fluid for such systems, earlier proposed by the TU Dresden is Nelium – a mixture of neon and helium. In the context of the mixture composition optimisation, the neon production process was studied and is described in this paper. The “Natural Nelium” – a mixture containing helium, neon and hydrogen with a composition according to the relative proportion of these gases in air (patent is pending) – was found to be attractive as a potential refrigerant. The power demand, process parameters at each production stage and process design are discussed in the paper.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.cryo.2019.0011
title: Cold storage solutions for a liquid air energy storage system.

description: The switch to renewable energies requires new ideas and concepts, which the ILK Dresden has intensively addressed in recent years. Explicitly, an energy storage system based on Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) was developed as part of a publicly funded project. This energy storage is based to a large extent on the principle of liquefied air, in which the processes for liquefaction and regasification are adapted to the requirements of the power storage. Integral parts of the liquid air storage system are various cold storages. The different cold storage tanks must be precisely coordinated with one another in order to generate stable operating
parameters regarding the efficiency of the overall process. The publication explains and describes constructive aspects and challenges in the implementation of these cold storages and in their entirety. Results of the material selection as well as thermal simulations and calculations will be introduced. Experimental results of the cold storage in the composite of the entire energy storage are presented as their benefits for similar facilities.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.cryo.2019.0032
title: Improving specific power consumption of cryogenic air separation plants using waste heat of carbon capture power plants.

description: A cryogenic air separation unit (ASU) with double column configuration produces pressurized oxygen (PGOX) at purity of 99.6% and above. A single column configuration is sufficient to produce at a purity of 95%, which is required for carbon capture power plants (CCPP). It requires less capital and consumes lower power than a double column configuration. It further makes an economic sense if the unutilized bone-dry low purity (waste) nitrogen, also called pressurised impure gaseous nitrogen (PiGAN), may be heated by the waste heat available in CCPP. It is expanded in a gas-based reheat cycle to produce electricity. This may partially
offset the power consumed in the ASU. Using exergy analysis, pressure of PiGAN is determined in such a way that the net power consumed by ASU (power consumed minus power generation in power cycle) is minimized. At this pressure of PiGAN, single column ASU consumes 12.5% less power than double column ASU.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.cryo.2019.0033
title: Utilization of cold energy of liquefied natural gas in air separation plant in a safer and More Energy Efficient Way.

description: LNG cold can be utilized to reduce specific energy consumption (SPC) in an air separation unit (ASU). LNG cold can be used to produce pressurized gaseous oxygen (PGOX), pressurized gaseous nitrogen (PGAN), liquid oxygen (LOX) and liquid nitrogen (LIN). The proposed configuration is safer than that proposed in a published paper by Tesch et al. (2017) where PGOX is produced by pumping LOX and vapourizing it in main heat exchanger (MHX) instead of getting pressurized in a compressor. Further, we avoid bringing flammable fuel LNG to the ASU premises. Nitrogen from ASU to the regasification terminal gets converted to LIN in a heat exchanger and the same returns to the ASU. Power consumption, the purity of the products, exergy destruction and exergy efficiency are determined by simulating the plant on Aspen Hysys 8.6TM process simulator. The results show that apart from improved safety, the exergy efficiency of the proposed system is higher than that of the configuration compared.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.cryo.2019.0039
title: Multichannel temperature regulator for SIS100 HTS current leads.

description: In GSI for SIS100 accelerator about 530 HTS Local Current Leads 250 A must be produced for superconducting corrector magnets. To provide a high voltage electrical insulation, the top warm terminals must be kept at a temperature of 25 °C, using screwed cartridge heaters. Known industrial cartridge heaters don’t meet insulation specification at 1100 V. All tested temperature regulators on the free market failed during the tests at GSI or/and produced significant electrical noise. With the specifications from GSI we developed and manufactured 8 channel temperature regulators for the SIS100 HTS current leads which were successfully tested and with low noise. GSI and ILK also developed reliable cartridge heater with high voltage insulation and imbedded temperature sensor. Design issues and test data are presented in this paper.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.cryo.2019.0045
title: The cold compressors in the field of cryogenic systems.

description: This paper presents design and a putting into operation of helium Cold Compressors (CCs) which are applied as a key part of cryogenic refrigeration systems. The CCs are usually used to pump-off gaseous helium – 4He from thermally insulated tank with saturated liquid helium and thus to reduce of gas pressure above the surface of liquid helium. Using of cold compressors inside cryogenic systems is one way which allows to keep up absolute temperature lower than 4.2 K and thus to reach approximately superfluid liquid helium properties. This procedure ensures approximately the stable superfluid liquid helium properties which is used as refrigerant in many current hightech superconductivity applications with a great demand on cooling power e.g.: accelerators, TOKAMAKs etc. The last part of article is dedicated the putting of the operating of CCs strings installed inside cryogenic systems in Technical Institute of Physics Chemistry (TIPC) and Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of
Sciences (ASIPP) in China.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.cryo.2019.0077
title: Recent progress in compact, low power cryocoolers.

description: Compact, low power cryocoolers were initially developed for IR cameras in defense applications. The Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) of these coolers was 20 years ago, maximal in the order of thousands of hours while generating a cooling power of several hundreds of mW at 77 K. Today compact cryocoolers are available with MTTF’s of several years and cooling powers of several watts
of cooling powers. This is enabling the use of these compact coolers in new applications such as 24/7 IRobservation equipment or cooling of non-IR sensors, and HTc devices. In this paper, Thales Cryogenics will present its progress achieved in the past years and the usage of compact cryocoolers in a wide range of applications being either at defense, space of civil applications.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.cryo.2019.0082
title: Inventory of LNG terminals with vacuum insulated tanks.

description: One of most important concerns of operator of an LNG terminal is identification of the total amount of natural gas stored at the plant in any moment of its operation. Any uncertainty of the total has to be reasoned based on design and operation data. This paper presents investigation of the influences for uncertainty calculation used for LNG receiving terminals with vacuum insulated tanks. The calculation is based on the GUM (Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement) methodology. It uses data from equipment manufacturing and the installed instruments and information during operation (e.g. temperature measurement during loading). Inventory is not calculated as difference between inlet and outlet on the terminal boundaries but calculation of static inventory and uncertainty calculation is based on the measurement installed inside the terminal (e.g. pressure, differential pressure in the tanks …). Two main influences for uncertainty were identified – LNG level and the bottom impulse line for differential pressure measurement. This study can be used as guideline for operators to minimize uncertainty during inventory calculation (mass, volume and energy calculation) and put direction of development the instrumentation installed on the Tanks and the Terminals.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.cryo.2019.0088
title: Cryogenic systems for two superconducting cyclotrons under development at CIAE.

description: Two proton therapy superconducting cyclotrons using NbTi superconducting coils and warm iron yokes as main magnet, namely the CYCIAE-230 and the CYCIAE-250, are currently under development at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). In this paper, the cryogenic systems based on the liquid helium zeroboiling- off technology for the CYCIAE-230 and the CYCIAE-250 superconducting cyclotrons is described. At first, the structure of the cryostat with helium gas re-condenser has been illustrated, and then the heat loads from conduction, thermal radiation and convection have been calculated. Based on performed calculations, 4 two-stage GM coolers with total cooling power of 5.5 W @ 4.2 K and 2 single-stage GM refrigerators with the total cooling power of 170 W @ 77 K are installed on the helium re-condenser and the thermal shield of the cryostat respectively to maintain the cryogenics needed by the NbTi superconducting coils. The cooling down test results of the cryogenic system of CYCIAE-230 show that the superconducting magnet can achieve 4.2 K in 65 hours. The highlights of over a year’s continues operation of the cryogenic system are also presented.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.cryo.2019.0089
title: Design and verification of temperature-adjustable system for the space environment simulator.

description: The temperature-adjustable system of the Space Environment Simulator was introduced, which can keep the thermal shield in the temperature range from 123 K to 423 K. Design method of the main equipments was supplied, and applied to KM2 space environment simulator. The main parameters such as the thermal load of the system, gaseous nitrogen’s mass flow, etc. were calculated, and the fan, main spray equipment and heater were selected according to the calculation result, numerical simulation was also conducted. Test verification has been completed, during the test the cool-down rate is 1.03 K/min and the Uniformity of the thermal shield temperature is better than ±5 K, which match well with the technical index. So the design method can be applied in the development of the similar system.
DOI: 10.5519/qd.y0acrnni
title: Query on the Natural History Museum Data Portal (data.nhm.ac.uk) (34412 records)