DOI: 10.5061/dryad.52d4f
title: Data from: Artificial selection on larval growth curves in Tribolium: correlated responses and constraints

description: Body size is often constrained from evolving. Although artificial
 selection on body size in insects frequently results in a sizable
 response, these responses usually bear fitness costs. Further, these
 experiments tend to select only on size at one landmark age, rather than
 selecting for patterns of growth over the whole larval life stage. To
 address whether constraints may be caused by larval growth patterns rather
 than final size, we implemented a function-valued (FV) trait method of
 selection, in which entire larval growth curves from Tribolium were
 artificially selected. The selection gradient function used was previously
 predicted to give the maximal response and was implemented using a novel
 selection index in the FV framework. Results indicated a significant
 response after one generation of selection, but no response in subsequent
 generations. Correlated responses included increased mortality, increased
 critical weight, and decreased development time (DT). The lack of response
 in size and development time after the first generation was likely caused
 by increased mortality suffered in selected lines; we demonstrated that
 the selection criterion caused both increased body size and increased
 mortality. We conclude that artificial selection on continuous traits
 using FV methods is very efficient and that the constraint of body size
 evolution is likely caused by a suite of trade-offs with other traits.
description: Generation
 0Body
 mass measurements for tribolium larvae. In generation 0, these beetles
 have not yet undergone selection, but rather set a standard on which
 selection can be enacted to produce generation 1. Each row represents
 sequential mass measurements for a given individual. The column headings,
 in order, represent the beetled identification number (ID), its sex (Sex),
 the sire that produced it (Sire), the dam that produced it (DAM), the date
 of its egg hatch (HatchDate), the date of the first measurement (Date1),
 the age at first measurement (DSH1), the mass at first measurement
 (Mass1), the date of second measurement (Date2), etc. After larval
 measurements, information about the pupal and adult stages is listed in
 columns to the right: date of pupation (PubDate), age at pupation (DTP),
 pupal mass (PupMass), date of eclosion to the adult stage (EcDate), and
 age at eclosion to the adult stage (DTE). Any individuals who do not have
 a pupal mass measurement did not survive to pupation, and individuals
 without an eclosion date (but with a pupal mass measure) survived to
 pupation but not to eclosion.Gen0Data_dryad.xlsGeneration 1Each row represents sequential mass measurements for a given individual. The column headings, in order, represent the beetled identification number (ID), its sex (Sex), the sire that produced it (Sire), the dam that produced it (DAM), the date of its egg hatch (HatchDate), the date of the first measurement (Date1), the age at first measurement (DSH1), the mass at first measurement (Mass1), the date of second measurement (Date2), etc. After larval measurements, information about the pupal and adult stages is listed in columns to the right: date of pupation (PubDate), age at pupation (DTP), pupal mass (PupMass), date of eclosion to the adult stage (EcDate), and age at eclosion to the adult stage (DTE). Any individuals who do not have a pupal mass measurement did not survive to pupation, and individuals without an eclosion date (but with a pupal mass measure) survived to pupation but not to eclosion.Gen1Data_dryad.xlsxGeneration 2Each row represents sequential mass measurements for a given individual. The column headings, in order, represent the beetled identification number (ID), its sex (Sex), the sire that produced it (Sire), the dam that produced it (DAM), the date of its egg hatch (HatchDate), the date of the first measurement (Date1), the age at first measurement (DSH1), the mass at first measurement (Mass1), the date of second measurement (Date2), etc. After larval measurements, information about the pupal and adult stages is listed in columns to the right: date of pupation (PubDate), age at pupation (DTP), pupal mass (PupMass), date of eclosion to the adult stage (EcDate), and age at eclosion to the adult stage (DTE). Any individuals who do not have a pupal mass measurement did not survive to pupation, and individuals without an eclosion date (but with a pupal mass measure) survived to pupation but not to eclosion.Gen2Data_dryad.xlsxGeneration 3Each row represents sequential mass measurements for a given individual. The column headings, in order, represent the beetled identification number (ID), its sex (Sex), the sire that produced it (Sire), the dam that produced it (DAM), the date of its egg hatch (HatchDate), the date of the first measurement (Date1), the age at first measurement (DSH1), the mass at first measurement (Mass1), the date of second measurement (Date2), etc. After larval measurements, information about the pupal and adult stages is listed in columns to the right: date of pupation (PubDate), age at pupation (DTP), pupal mass (PupMass), date of eclosion to the adult stage (EcDate), and age at eclosion to the adult stage (DTE). Any individuals who do not have a pupal mass measurement did not survive to pupation, and individuals without an eclosion date (but with a pupal mass measure) survived to pupation but not to eclosion.Gen3Data_dryad.xlsxGeneartion 4Each row represents sequential mass measurements for a given individual. The column headings, in order, represent the beetled identification number (ID), its sex (Sex), the sire that produced it (Sire), the dam that produced it (DAM), the date of its egg hatch (HatchDate), the date of the first measurement (Date1), the age at first measurement (DSH1), the mass at first measurement (Mass1), the date of second measurement (Date2), etc. After larval measurements, information about the pupal and adult stages is listed in columns to the right: date of pupation (PubDate), age at pupation (DTP), pupal mass (PupMass), date of eclosion to the adult stage (EcDate), and age at eclosion to the adult stage (DTE). Any individuals who do not have a pupal mass measurement did not survive to pupation, and individuals without an eclosion date (but with a pupal mass measure) survived to pupation but not to eclosion.Gen4Data_dryad.xlsxGeneration 4.2 (Gen 4 repeated)Each row represents sequential mass measurements for a given individual. The column headings, in order, represent the beetled identification number (ID), its sex (Sex), the sire that produced it (Sire), the dam that produced it (DAM), the date of its egg hatch (HatchDate), the date of the first measurement (Date1), the age at first measurement (DSH1), the mass at first measurement (Mass1), the date of second measurement (Date2), etc. After larval measurements, information about the pupal and adult stages is listed in columns to the right: date of pupation (PubDate), age at pupation (DTP), pupal mass (PupMass), date of eclosion to the adult stage (EcDate), and age at eclosion to the adult stage (DTE). Any individuals who do not have a pupal mass measurement did not survive to pupation, and individuals without an eclosion date (but with a pupal mass measure) survived to pupation but not to eclosion.Gen4.2Data_dryad.xlsx