cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326912.v1
title: Cause and effect of quantitative characteristics on grain expansion capacity in popcorn

description: ABSTRACT Knowledge of the direction and degree of association between two or more characteristics may contribute to increase efficiency in the selection of superior genotypes. The aim of this study was to evaluate phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations, as well as the direct and indirect effects of path analysis, for the most suitable selection, using expansion capacity and its primary and secondary components, in diallel hybrids of popcorn. Accordingly, 90 diallel hybrids and a control (IAC 112) were planted both in and out of season in Campos dos Goytacazes, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, following a randomised block design. The characteristics under evaluation were: cycle (CO); plant height (AP); ear height (AE); stem diameter (DC); hundred grain weight (M100); grain expansion capacity (CE); Grain yield (PG); prolificacy (PR); grain length (CG), grain width (LG) and grain thickness (EG). Analysis of the phenotypic (rf), genotypic (rg) and environmental (ra) correlations were carried out, followed by breakdown of the simple correlation coefficients obtained from path analysis into their direct and indirect effects on the main variable CE. The results showed a significant high negative genotypic correlation between the EC and PG of -0.67, demonstrating the difficulty of obtaining hybrids with both a high EC and PG. The variables M100 and PG have the greatest association with expansion capacity, albeit negative. Both the CG and LG have a direct negative influence, and the EG, a direct positive influence, on expansion capacity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326915
title: Mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphate fertilizer in the production of seedlings of the forage peanut

description: ABSTRACT To evaluate the effect of mycorrhiza and phosphorus (P) on the forage peanut (Arachis pintoi Krap. & Greg.), two experiments were set up in a greenhouse to prove the hypothesis that mycorrhiza is beneficial to the growth of seedlings of the species, for both seed and vegetative propagation. In the first experiment, the seedlings were grown in trays of 72 cells filled with soil, in a completely randomised design (CRD), with split lots. The treatments consisted of the inoculation of six species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for the lots, and two methods of propagation for the sub-lots. In the second experiment, stolons were grown in pots, in soil of low fertility treated with five doses of P and inoculated with four species of AMF, and one control, arranged in a 5 x 5 factorial in CRD. In both experiments, the substrates had earlier been sterilised. Seedlings originating from seeds, and grown in Styrofoam trays, produced more dry matter than those obtained vegetatively, with the AMF being effective in promoting seedling growth. For those seedlings originating from stolon rooting, the benefit from the mycorrhiza was detected only for root mass. In the seedlings grown in pots and fertilised with P, the extent of the response was higher for those inoculated with AMF. The species G. clarum was more efficient under conditions of low P availability, while A. morrowiae excelled at higher levels of P. There are indications of high mycorrhizal dependency in the forage peanut.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326915.v1
title: Mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphate fertilizer in the production of seedlings of the forage peanut

description: ABSTRACT To evaluate the effect of mycorrhiza and phosphorus (P) on the forage peanut (Arachis pintoi Krap. & Greg.), two experiments were set up in a greenhouse to prove the hypothesis that mycorrhiza is beneficial to the growth of seedlings of the species, for both seed and vegetative propagation. In the first experiment, the seedlings were grown in trays of 72 cells filled with soil, in a completely randomised design (CRD), with split lots. The treatments consisted of the inoculation of six species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for the lots, and two methods of propagation for the sub-lots. In the second experiment, stolons were grown in pots, in soil of low fertility treated with five doses of P and inoculated with four species of AMF, and one control, arranged in a 5 x 5 factorial in CRD. In both experiments, the substrates had earlier been sterilised. Seedlings originating from seeds, and grown in Styrofoam trays, produced more dry matter than those obtained vegetatively, with the AMF being effective in promoting seedling growth. For those seedlings originating from stolon rooting, the benefit from the mycorrhiza was detected only for root mass. In the seedlings grown in pots and fertilised with P, the extent of the response was higher for those inoculated with AMF. The species G. clarum was more efficient under conditions of low P availability, while A. morrowiae excelled at higher levels of P. There are indications of high mycorrhizal dependency in the forage peanut.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326917.v1
title: Spatial variability in the diagnosis of nutritional status in the papaya

description: ABSTRACT Leaf analysis is widely used to study the nutritional status of plants, based on the fact of there being a direct correlation between rate of growth and the nutrient levels in leaf tissue. This study was carried out on a commercial crop of Golden THB papaya, in the north of the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil, to determine the spatial variability of nutrients in the petiole of leaf samples collected when carrying out sexing in a regular grid of 129 georeferenced points. Harvesting was carried out manually 270-365 days after transplanting. All the characteristics displayed a strong spatial dependence, the spherical and exponential semivariograms being adjusted for the data. The greatest and smallest ranges were found for the micronutrients Mn and Zn respectively. Mean productivity was considered to be low at 13.6 Mg ha-1. Geostatistical analysis of the data aided in the preparation of thematic maps showing the different areas of productivity and foliar application of fertiliser in the papaya. However, the largest regions in the area were displayed by those classes which included the mean value for an attribute, indicating the use of the mean values in the recommendation of foliar fertilisation, with the exception of P and K.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326917
title: Spatial variability in the diagnosis of nutritional status in the papaya

description: ABSTRACT Leaf analysis is widely used to study the nutritional status of plants, based on the fact of there being a direct correlation between rate of growth and the nutrient levels in leaf tissue. This study was carried out on a commercial crop of Golden THB papaya, in the north of the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil, to determine the spatial variability of nutrients in the petiole of leaf samples collected when carrying out sexing in a regular grid of 129 georeferenced points. Harvesting was carried out manually 270-365 days after transplanting. All the characteristics displayed a strong spatial dependence, the spherical and exponential semivariograms being adjusted for the data. The greatest and smallest ranges were found for the micronutrients Mn and Zn respectively. Mean productivity was considered to be low at 13.6 Mg ha-1. Geostatistical analysis of the data aided in the preparation of thematic maps showing the different areas of productivity and foliar application of fertiliser in the papaya. However, the largest regions in the area were displayed by those classes which included the mean value for an attribute, indicating the use of the mean values in the recommendation of foliar fertilisation, with the exception of P and K.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326918
title: Evaluation of incorporating galactomannan from Caesalpinia pucherrima into ice cream and comparison with commercial stabilizers

description: ABSTRACT With the market being increasingly competitive and consumers more demanding, it is extremely important to find more efficient and diversified alternatives for improving the quality of ice cream. The aim of this study was to develop guava-flavoured ice creams using galactomannan from Caesalpinia pulcherrima as a substitute for stabilizers, to evaluate their properties and to make a comparison with two commonly used stabilizers (xanthan gum and neutral super binder). To characterise the ice cream, analyses were made of overrun, resistance to melting, moisture, ash, protein, lipids, carbohydrates, total solids and pH. Microbiological quality was investigated by analysis of coliforms at 45 °C/g, of coagulase positive staphylococci/g and of Salmonella sp/25 g. Tests were carried out to evaluate purchase intent and the sensory attributes of colour, aroma, texture, flavour and overall impression. Three formulations of ice cream were made by modifying the stabilizer employed: neutral super binder (T1), galactomannan from C. pulcherrima (T2) and xanthan gum (T3). Melting rates showed a linear behaviour, being similar for up to 35 minutes for the three formulations. The ice cream samples had good values for overrun. No statistical differences were seen between the physical and chemical variables. In the sensory tests, the T2 formulation performed in a similar fashion to T1 and T3. However, the ice cream from formulation T3 displayed for the attribute of texture a better grade than the neutral super binder stabilizer (T1). All the formulations showed high purchase intent by the tasters. All the ice creams produced followed current legislation, showing that galactomannan from Caesalpinia pulcherrima can be used as a substitute for conventional stabilizers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326918.v1
title: Evaluation of incorporating galactomannan from Caesalpinia pucherrima into ice cream and comparison with commercial stabilizers

description: ABSTRACT With the market being increasingly competitive and consumers more demanding, it is extremely important to find more efficient and diversified alternatives for improving the quality of ice cream. The aim of this study was to develop guava-flavoured ice creams using galactomannan from Caesalpinia pulcherrima as a substitute for stabilizers, to evaluate their properties and to make a comparison with two commonly used stabilizers (xanthan gum and neutral super binder). To characterise the ice cream, analyses were made of overrun, resistance to melting, moisture, ash, protein, lipids, carbohydrates, total solids and pH. Microbiological quality was investigated by analysis of coliforms at 45 °C/g, of coagulase positive staphylococci/g and of Salmonella sp/25 g. Tests were carried out to evaluate purchase intent and the sensory attributes of colour, aroma, texture, flavour and overall impression. Three formulations of ice cream were made by modifying the stabilizer employed: neutral super binder (T1), galactomannan from C. pulcherrima (T2) and xanthan gum (T3). Melting rates showed a linear behaviour, being similar for up to 35 minutes for the three formulations. The ice cream samples had good values for overrun. No statistical differences were seen between the physical and chemical variables. In the sensory tests, the T2 formulation performed in a similar fashion to T1 and T3. However, the ice cream from formulation T3 displayed for the attribute of texture a better grade than the neutral super binder stabilizer (T1). All the formulations showed high purchase intent by the tasters. All the ice creams produced followed current legislation, showing that galactomannan from Caesalpinia pulcherrima can be used as a substitute for conventional stabilizers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326920
title: Use of biostimulants in relieving salt stress in popcorn

description: ABSTRACT The use of biostimulants has become widespread in Brazilian agriculture, promoting growth and increased crop yields. However, studies on the use of these substances in plants under stress are still being developed, especially for salt stress. The aim was to evaluate the use of bio-stimulants to relieve salt stress in popcorn. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse on the campus of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid in Mossoró, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. A completely randomised design was used, with treatments distributed in 2 x 4 factorial scheme, representing two levels of salinity of the irrigation water (0.5 and 4.5 dS m-1) and four levels of biostimulant, applied by seed treatment (0, 5, 10 and 20 ml kg-1seed), with five replications. The commercial biostimulant Stimulate® was used (0.009% cytokinin, 0.005% gibberellin and 0.005% auxin), with the plants being harvested 50 days after sowing. The following variables were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, root dry weight, tassel dry weight, total dry weight and specific leaf area. The use of saline water for irrigation caused a reduction in most growth variables in the sweet corn, regardless of seed treatment with biostimulants. Seed treatment with Stimulate® promotes development in popcorn, but did not inhibit or lessen the effect of salinity on the plants.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326920.v1
title: Use of biostimulants in relieving salt stress in popcorn

description: ABSTRACT The use of biostimulants has become widespread in Brazilian agriculture, promoting growth and increased crop yields. However, studies on the use of these substances in plants under stress are still being developed, especially for salt stress. The aim was to evaluate the use of bio-stimulants to relieve salt stress in popcorn. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse on the campus of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid in Mossoró, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. A completely randomised design was used, with treatments distributed in 2 x 4 factorial scheme, representing two levels of salinity of the irrigation water (0.5 and 4.5 dS m-1) and four levels of biostimulant, applied by seed treatment (0, 5, 10 and 20 ml kg-1seed), with five replications. The commercial biostimulant Stimulate® was used (0.009% cytokinin, 0.005% gibberellin and 0.005% auxin), with the plants being harvested 50 days after sowing. The following variables were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, root dry weight, tassel dry weight, total dry weight and specific leaf area. The use of saline water for irrigation caused a reduction in most growth variables in the sweet corn, regardless of seed treatment with biostimulants. Seed treatment with Stimulate® promotes development in popcorn, but did not inhibit or lessen the effect of salinity on the plants.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326921.v1
title: Spatial distribution of the chemical properties of the soil and of soybean yield in the field

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial dependence between chemical properties of the soil and yield components in the soybean using precision farming techniques. Samples of the soil and plants were taken from georeferenced points to determine the chemical properties of the soil and the yield components. The results were submitted to Pearson correlation analysis, descriptive statistics and geostatistics. The coefficient of variation showed a wide range of distribution for the chemical attributes of the soil, with the highest indices being found for the levels of available phosphorus (102%) and potassium (72.65%). Soil pH and organic matter showed a coefficient of variation of 5.96 and 15.93% respectively. Semivariogram analysis of the yield components (productivity, 1,000-seed weight and number of seeds) and the chemical properties of the soil (organic matter, pH, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron, manganese and zinc) fitted the spherical model with moderate spatial dependence, with values ranging from 200 to 700 m. Spatial distribution by means of map interpolation was efficient in evaluating spatial variability, allowing the identification and quantification of regions of low and high productivity in the production area, together with the distribution of soil attributes and their respective levels of availability to the soybean plants.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326921
title: Spatial distribution of the chemical properties of the soil and of soybean yield in the field

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial dependence between chemical properties of the soil and yield components in the soybean using precision farming techniques. Samples of the soil and plants were taken from georeferenced points to determine the chemical properties of the soil and the yield components. The results were submitted to Pearson correlation analysis, descriptive statistics and geostatistics. The coefficient of variation showed a wide range of distribution for the chemical attributes of the soil, with the highest indices being found for the levels of available phosphorus (102%) and potassium (72.65%). Soil pH and organic matter showed a coefficient of variation of 5.96 and 15.93% respectively. Semivariogram analysis of the yield components (productivity, 1,000-seed weight and number of seeds) and the chemical properties of the soil (organic matter, pH, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron, manganese and zinc) fitted the spherical model with moderate spatial dependence, with values ranging from 200 to 700 m. Spatial distribution by means of map interpolation was efficient in evaluating spatial variability, allowing the identification and quantification of regions of low and high productivity in the production area, together with the distribution of soil attributes and their respective levels of availability to the soybean plants.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326923.v1
title: Seedling length in wheat determined by image processing using mathematical tools

description: ABSTRACT Seed vigour is determined by a series of laboratory tests, many of these laborious and time-consuming. In view of this, the present study aimed to compare the determination of seedling length in wheat using image processing, with the traditional method, as well as the ability of the method to determine seed vigour. The experimental design was completely randomised, with five replications comprising a single-factor experimental scheme. The data were analysed for normality by the Shapiro-Wilk test and variance analysis using ANOVA at 5% probability. The response variables were correlated using Pearson's test, and the methodologies for determining the length of the shoots and roots, by measuring with a graduated rule and by image processing, were compared using the F-test at 5% probability. To compare mean values between cultivars, Tukey's test at 5% probability was used. The length of the shoots and roots of wheat seedlings, determined by image processing using the Matlab® mathematical tool, is efficient in separating the cultivars into levels of vigour in a similar way to evaluations used routinely for this purpose.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326923
title: Seedling length in wheat determined by image processing using mathematical tools

description: ABSTRACT Seed vigour is determined by a series of laboratory tests, many of these laborious and time-consuming. In view of this, the present study aimed to compare the determination of seedling length in wheat using image processing, with the traditional method, as well as the ability of the method to determine seed vigour. The experimental design was completely randomised, with five replications comprising a single-factor experimental scheme. The data were analysed for normality by the Shapiro-Wilk test and variance analysis using ANOVA at 5% probability. The response variables were correlated using Pearson's test, and the methodologies for determining the length of the shoots and roots, by measuring with a graduated rule and by image processing, were compared using the F-test at 5% probability. To compare mean values between cultivars, Tukey's test at 5% probability was used. The length of the shoots and roots of wheat seedlings, determined by image processing using the Matlab® mathematical tool, is efficient in separating the cultivars into levels of vigour in a similar way to evaluations used routinely for this purpose.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326924
title: Seed stratification, gibberellic acid and temperature in obtaining rootstock in the persimmon

description: ABSTRACT The persimmon is propagated by grafting, using rootstock obtained from seeds. Due to low germination, the aim of this study was to increase the production of rootstock of the Dyospyros kaki and Dyospyros lotuspersimmon through stratification and treatment of the seeds with gibberellic acid, at different environmental temperatures. In the first experiment, the seeds were placed between layers of moist sand in Petri dishes, and kept in a BOD chamber at a temperature of 4 ºC for 15 and 30 days; as well as the control, where seeds were immersed in water for 10 min. The seeds were then placed onto plastic trays containing coarse sand in a BOD chamber, at a controlled and constant temperature of 15, 20, 25 or 30 ºC for 60 days, when the emergence percentage was evaluated. In the second experiment, the seeds were stratified for 30 days and then left to soak in beakers containing solutions of gibberellic acid of 100, 200 and 300 mg L-1, in addition to the composite control using only distilled water. The seeds were placed on plastic trays containing coarse sand, and kept for 60 days in a BOD chamber at a controlled and constant temperature of 20.5 ºC for Diospyros kaki and 24.6 ºC for Diospyros lotus. The process of stratification for 30 days increases seedling emergence by 13.94%. A temperature of 20.5 ºC results in 47.62% emergence in the speciesDiospyros kaki, and 24.6 ºC results in 44.49% emergence inDyospyros lotus. It is not necessary to treat the seeds with gibberellic acid.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14326924.v1
title: Seed stratification, gibberellic acid and temperature in obtaining rootstock in the persimmon

description: ABSTRACT The persimmon is propagated by grafting, using rootstock obtained from seeds. Due to low germination, the aim of this study was to increase the production of rootstock of the Dyospyros kaki and Dyospyros lotuspersimmon through stratification and treatment of the seeds with gibberellic acid, at different environmental temperatures. In the first experiment, the seeds were placed between layers of moist sand in Petri dishes, and kept in a BOD chamber at a temperature of 4 ºC for 15 and 30 days; as well as the control, where seeds were immersed in water for 10 min. The seeds were then placed onto plastic trays containing coarse sand in a BOD chamber, at a controlled and constant temperature of 15, 20, 25 or 30 ºC for 60 days, when the emergence percentage was evaluated. In the second experiment, the seeds were stratified for 30 days and then left to soak in beakers containing solutions of gibberellic acid of 100, 200 and 300 mg L-1, in addition to the composite control using only distilled water. The seeds were placed on plastic trays containing coarse sand, and kept for 60 days in a BOD chamber at a controlled and constant temperature of 20.5 ºC for Diospyros kaki and 24.6 ºC for Diospyros lotus. The process of stratification for 30 days increases seedling emergence by 13.94%. A temperature of 20.5 ºC results in 47.62% emergence in the speciesDiospyros kaki, and 24.6 ºC results in 44.49% emergence inDyospyros lotus. It is not necessary to treat the seeds with gibberellic acid.