cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1rn8pk0qz
title: Data from: Compared with conventional PCR assay, qPCR assay greatly improves the detection efficiency of predation

description: Studies of predation can contribute greatly to understanding predator-prey
 relationships and can also provide integral knowledge concerning food webs
 and multi-trophic level interactions. Both conventional polymerase chain
 reaction (cPCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) have been employed to detect
 predation in the field because of their sensitivity and reproducibility.
 However, to date, few studies have been used to comprehensively
 demonstrate which method is more sensitive and reproducible in studies of
 predation. We used a Drosophila melanogaster-specific DNA fragment (99 bp)
 to construct a tenfold gradient dilution of standards. Additionally, we
 obtained DNA samples from Pardosa pseudoannulata individuals that fed on
 D. melanogaster at various time since feeding. Finally, we compared the
 sensitivity and reproducibility between cPCR and qPCR assays for detecting
 DNA samples from feeding trials and standards. The results showed that the
 cPCR and qPCR assay could detect as few as 1.62×103 and 1.62×101 copies of
 the target DNA fragment, respectively. The cPCR assay could detect as few
 as 48 h post-feeding of the target DNA fragment. But the qPCR assay showed
 that all spiders were positive after consuming prey at various time
 intervals (0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h). A smaller proportion of the technical
 replicates were positive using cPCR and some bands on the agarose gel were
 absent or grey, while some were white and bright for the same DNA samples
 after amplification by cPCR. By contrast, a larger proportion of the
 technical replicates were positive using qPCR and the coefficients of
 variation of the Ct value for the three technical replicates of each DNA
 sample were less than 5%. These data showed that qPCR was more sensitive
 and highly reproducible in detecting such degraded DNA from predator’s
 gut. The present study provides an example of the use of cPCR and qPCR to
 detect the target DNA fragment of prey remains in predator’s gut.
description: The raw data of the sensitivity and reproducibility of TaqMan
 qPCR. The assay was evaluated using DNA of adult female <i>P.
 pseudoannulata</i> individuals at various time periods after the
 consumption of three adult <i>D. melanogaster </i>
 and<i> </i>a tenfold gradient dilution of standards ranging
 from 1.62 × 10<sup>9</sup> to 1.62 ×
 10<sup>0</sup> copies/μL.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s7h44j14c
title: Microsatellite data from various African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) populations throughout Africa

description: 1280 African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) samples genotyped with up to 19
 microsatellites. 1275 samples are from East (12 populations) and
 southern Africa (4 populations). 5 samples are from
 central Africa (2 populations).
description: Dataset consists of previously published genotypes from four
 different laboratories, using microsatellites originally developed for
 cattle (<i>Bos taurus</i>) and randomly chosen with respect to
 genomic location (microsatellite sets A, B, C and E). For various
 populations, microsatellite sets from two different laboratories were
 available, which permitted allele alignment by matching (allele size
 shift) each microsatellite's allele frequencies while preserving size
 order. Aligning microsatellite alleles from different laboratories based
 on frequency information is a valid standardization method when data sets
 are reasonably large and coming from the same population.
description: Both the original microsatellite allele sizes and the aligned
 (standardized) microsatellite allele sizes are provided. Missing values
 are denoted with 0.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.wstqjq2hm
title: Predictive genetic plan for a captive population of the Chinese goral (Naemorhedus griseus) and prescriptive action for ex situ and in situ conservation management in Thailand

description: Captive breeding programs for endangered species can increase population
 numbers for eventual reintroduction to the wild. Captive populations are
 typically small and isolated, which results in inbreeding and reduction of
 genetic variability, and may lead to an increased risk of extinction. The
 Omkoi Wildlife Breeding Center maintains the only Thai captive Chinese
 goral (Naemorhedus griseus) population, and has plans to reintroduce
 individuals into natural isolated populations. Genetic variability was
 assessed within the captive population using microsatellite data. Although
 no bottleneck was observed, genetic variability was low (allelic richness
 = 7.091 ± 0.756, He = 0.455 ± 0.219; He &lt; Ho) and 11 microsatellite
 loci were informative that likely reflect inbreeding. Estimates of small
 effective population size and limited numbers of founders, combined with
 wild-born individuals within subpopulations, tend to cause reduction of
 genetic variability over time in captive programs. This leads to low
 reproductive fitness and limited ability to adapt to environmental change,
 thereby increasing the risk of extinction. Management of captive
 populations as evolutionarily significant units with diverse genetic
 backgrounds offers an effective strategy for population recovery.
 Relocation of individuals among subpopulations, or introduction of newly
 captured wild individuals into the captive program will help to ensure the
 future security of Chinese goral. Implications for future conservation
 actions for the species are discussed herein.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tqjq2bvw3
title: The airway microbiota and exacerbations of COPD

description: Aim: To investigate whether the compositionality of the lower airway
 microbiota predicts later exacerbation risk in persons with COPD in a
 cohort study. Materials and methods: We collected lower airways microbiota
 samples by bronchoalveolar lavage and protected specimen brushes, and oral
 wash samples from 122 participants with COPD. Bacterial DNA was extracted
 from all samples, before we sequenced the V3-V4 region of the 16S RNA
 gene. The frequency of moderate and severe COPD exacerbations was surveyed
 in telephone interviews and in a follow-up visit. Compositional taxonomy
 and alpha and beta diversity were compared between participants with and
 without later exacerbations.  Results: The four most abundant
 phyla
 were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria in both groups, and the four most abundant genera were Streptococcus, Veillonella, Prevotella and Gemella. The relative abundances of different taxa showed a large variation between samples and individuals, and no statistically significant difference of either compositional taxonomy, or alpha or beta diversity could be found between participants with and without COPD exacerbations within follow-up.  Conclusion: The findings from the current study, indicate that individual differences in the lower airway microbiota in persons with COPD far outweigh group differences between frequent and non-frequent COPD exacerbators, and that the compositionality of the microbiota is so complex as to present large challenges for use as a biomarker of later exacerbations. 
description: The dataset is part of the larger Bergen COPD Microbiome Study
 ("MicroCOPD"), and the processing is well described in the paper
 & supplement.
description: Se the upload Read Me txt file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6t1g1jww8
title: Individual dietary specialization in a generalist predator: A stable isotope analysis of urban and rural red foxes

description: Some carnivores are known to survive well in urban habitats, yet the
 underlying behavioural tactics are poorly understood. One likely
 explanation for the success in urban habitats might be that carnivores are
 generalist consumers. However, urban populations of carnivores could as
 well consist of specialist feeders. Here, we compared the isotopic
 specialization of red foxes in urban and rural environments, using both a
 population and an individual level perspective. We measured stable isotope
 ratios in increments of red fox whiskers and potential food sources. Our
 results reveal that red foxes have a broad isotopic dietary niche and a
 large variation in resource use. Despite this large variation, we found
 significant differences between the variance of the urban and rural
 population for δ13C as well as δ15N values, suggesting a habitat-specific
 foraging behaviour. Although urban regions are more heterogeneous
 regarding land cover (based on the Shannon index) than rural regions, the
 dietary range of urban foxes was smaller compared to that of rural
 conspecifics. Moreover, the higher δ13C values and lower δ15N values of
 urban foxes suggest a relatively high input of anthropogenic food sources.
 The diet of most individuals remained largely constant over a longer
 period. The low intra-individual variability of urban and rural red foxes
 suggests a relatively constant proportion of food items consumed by
 individuals. Urban and rural foxes utilized a small proportion of the
 potentially available isotopic dietary niche as indicated by the low
 within-individual variation compared to the between-individual variation.
 We conclude that generalist fox populations consist of individual food
 specialists in urban and rural populations at least over those periods
 covered by our study.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7pvmcvdqc
title: Data from: A comparison of diversity estimators applied to a database of host-parasite associations

description: Understanding the drivers of biodiversity is important for forecasting
 changes in the distribution of life on earth. However, most studies of
 biodiversity are limited by uneven sampling effort, with some regions or
 taxa better sampled than others. Numerous methods have been developed to
 account for differences in sampling effort, but most methods were
 developed for systematic surveys in which all study units are sampled
 using the same design and assemblages are sampled randomly. Databases
 compiled from multiple sources, such as from the literature, often violate
 these assumptions because they are composed of studies that vary widely in
 their goals and methods. Here, we compared the performance of several
 popular methods for estimating parasite diversity based on a large and
 widely used parasite database, the Global Mammal Parasite Database (GMPD).
 We created artificial datasets of host-parasite interactions based on the
 structure of the GMPD, then used these datasets to evaluate which methods
 best control for differential sampling effort. We evaluated the precision
 and bias of seven methods, including species accumulation and
 nonparametric diversity estimators, compared to analyzing the raw data
 without controlling for sampling variation. We find that nonparametric
 estimators, and particularly the Chao2 and second-order jackknife
 estimators, perform better than other methods. However, these estimators
 still perform poorly relative to systematic sampling, and effect sizes
 should be interpreted with caution because they tend to be lower than
 actual effect sizes. Overall, using these estimators is more effective in
 comparative studies than for estimating true estimates of diversity. We
 make recommendations for future sampling strategies and statistical
 methods that would improve estimates of global parasite diversity.
description: All code are .R or .Rmd files to be run in R.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tdz08kpww
title: Trichome micromorphology in Alcea L. and allied genera (Malvaceae) and its systematic

description: Trichomes of 26 species of the genus Alcea were investigated using light
 (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The trichomes show a great
 micromorphological variation, which provides interesting data for species
 delimitation in Alcea. Two basic types of trichomes can be distinguished
 in the genus Alcea and the allied genera: glandular and eglandular. The
 glandular trichomes can in turn be subdivided into two subtypes: capitate
 and clavate. The eglandular trichomes can be subdivided into five
 subtypes: simple, fascicled, stellate, fascicled-stellate and
 pluri-radiate. Characters of taxonomic interest are: trichome density
 (glabrous to dense), number of arms per trichome, orientation relative to
 the epidermal surface (appressed to erect) and presence/absence of stalk.
 According to our results the species of Alcea can be divided into four
 informal groups based on trichome types. Our results support the exclusion
 of annual Althaea from the perennial ones and its close placement to
 Malva. In addition, the close relationship between perennial Althaea and
 basal Alcea lineages is supported by our trichome micro-morphological
 investigation. Based on the evolutionary framework provided by recent
 molecular phylogenetic investigations, following trends can be proposed in
 Malva alliance: long and narrowly armed trichomes are primitive against
 the short and thickly armed trichomes, dense indumentum coverage is
 primitive against the moderately dense or glabrous ones, the presence of
 simple hairs on stem (particularly on leaves) is more advanced against
 their absence, spreading villous-stellate and fascicled trichomes are more
 advanced against the appressed stellate ones and clavate trichomes, which
 were found exclusively in few species of Alcea, should be considered as a
 derived state against the capitate ones, and potentially provide a
 synapomorphy for the crown group of Alcea, but this conclusion needs to be
 tested by adding more species to trichome morphological analysis.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.12jm63xv0
title: Exposure to low doses of Dechlorane Plus promotes adipose tissue dysfunction and glucose intolerance in mice

description: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to increase
 worldwide.  It is well established that genetic susceptibility,
 obesity, overnutrition and a sedentary life style are risk factors for the
 development of T2D.  However, more recently, studies have also
 proposed links between exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs)
 and altered glucose metabolism.  Human exposure to environmental
 pollutants suspected to have endocrine disruptor activity is
 ubiquitous.  One such chemical is Dechlorane Plus, a flame
 retardant, that is now detected in humans and the environment. Here we
 show that exposure of mice to low, environmentally relevant doses of
 Dechlorane Plus (DP), promoted glucose intolerance in mice fed high fat
 diet independent of weight gain. Further, DP had pronounced effects on the
 adipose tissue, where it induced the development of hypertrophied white
 adipose tissue (WAT), and increased serum levels of resistin, leptin, and
 plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Further, DP exposure induced
 “whitening” of brown adipose tissue (BAT), and reduced BAT uncoupling
 protein 1 expression.  Importantly, some of these effects
 occurred even when the mice were fed regular, low fat, diet. 
 Finally, WAT adipogenic markers were reduced with DP treatment in the
 WAT.  We also show that, DP directly inhibited insulin signalling
 in murine adipocytes and human primary subcutaneous adipocytes in
 vitro.  Taken together, our results show that the exposure to low
 and environmentally relevant levels of DP may contribute to the
 development of T2D.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.egd8tu
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-100.99114 20.50417,-100.95234 20.50417,-100.95234 20.52096,-100.99114 20.52096,-100.99114 20.50417))",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Squamata"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002379-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3j9kd51f9
title: Data from: Effects of hay provision and presentation on cognitive development in dairy calves

description: In the dairy industry, young dairy calves are often housed individually in
 restrictive environments. There is limited understanding of how approaches
 to increase complexity of individual rearing, such as through dietary
 complexity and accommodating more varied feeding behavior, may affect
 cognitive development in young calves. The objective of this study was to
 evaluate effects of provision and presentation of hay on cognitive ability
 of pre-weaned dairy calves. Individually-housed Holstein heifer calves
 were assigned at birth to 1 of 3 treatments: pelleted starter only (n =
 10), hay and starter provided in separate buckets (n = 12), or hay and
 starter offered as a mixture (n = 11). During week 5 of age, calves were
 tested daily in a procedural learning task consisting of a T-maze with a
 milk reward (0.2 L milk) placed in one arm. Calves were subjected to an
 initial learning and reversal learning stage, where the reward location
 was changed to the opposite arm of the maze. Calves received 5 sessions/d
 until they met learning criteria (moving directly to correct side in 3
 consecutive sessions) for initial and reversal learning. Dietary treatment
 did not affect pass rate or the number of sessions required to pass the
 initial learning stage. During the reversal learning stage, calves
 provided only starter tended to require more sessions to meet the learning
 criteria. Provision of hay also affected behavior during the reversal
 learning stage of the cognitive task, where calves provided hay separately
 spent more time exploring the testing area. The results of this experiment
 provide the first evidence that dietary factors alone may affect cognitive
 performance in dairy calves.
description: See methods in associated publication
description: Data were collected from the University of Florida Dairy Research
 Unit on 33 calves in 2018. Variables are defined in the Excel file. The
 SAS code used to analyze the data is provided.
DOI: 10.25338/b8vk6c
title: An experimental test of information use by North American wood ducks (Aix sponsa): external habitat cues, not social visual cues, influence initial nest-site selection

description: Birds may use a variety of cues to select a nest site, including
 external information on habitat structure and nest site
 characteristics, or they may rely instead on social information
 obtained directly or indirectly from the actions of
 conspecifics. We used an experimental manipulation to determine
 the extent to which a California population of the wood duck (Aix sponsa)
 used social information gleaned from visual cues inside nest boxes that
 might indicate the quality or occupancy of that site. Over two nesting
 seasons, we manipulated the contents of newly installed boxes to simulate
 one of three states: (1) presence of wood duck eggs, indicating current
 use of a nest site; (2) presence of down and shell membranes, indicating a
 previously successful nest; and (3) control nests with fresh shavings
 indicating an unused box. In addition, we measured habitat characteristics
 of the area surrounding each box to assess the use of external, non-social
 information about each nest site. We found no evidence that females laid
 eggs preferentially, or that conspecific brood parasitism was more likely
 to occur, in any of the treatments. In contrast, nest site use and
 reproductive traits of wood ducks did vary with vegetation cover, and
 orientation and distance of the box from water. Our results suggest that
 personal information, not social information, influence initial nest site
 selection decisions when females are unfamiliar with a site. Social cues
 likely become increasingly important once nest sites develop their own
 history, and a population becomes well established.
description: Field experiment on use of social information in nest site
 selection by wood ducks.  Nest contents were experimentally manipulated
 and female wood duck resposnses were monitiored (use, timing, reproductive
 success) in a 2-year experiment at 2 study sites near Davis
 California.
description: Excel
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18395391
title: INFORMATIZATION OF THE LIBRARY SPHERE AS A SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL PHENOMENON OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN UZBEKISTAN

description: the article examines the processes of social informatization in the Republic of Uzbekistan from a socio-philosophical perspective, focusing on the transformation of the library sector. Libraries are analyzed as key social institutions responsible for preserving social memory, disseminating knowledge, and shaping the national information space. Special attention is paid to state policy in the digitalization of librarianship, the development of network-based cooperation, and the integration of information resources.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18395390
title: INFORMATIZATION OF THE LIBRARY SPHERE AS A SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL PHENOMENON OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN UZBEKISTAN

description: the article examines the processes of social informatization in the Republic of Uzbekistan from a socio-philosophical perspective, focusing on the transformation of the library sector. Libraries are analyzed as key social institutions responsible for preserving social memory, disseminating knowledge, and shaping the national information space. Special attention is paid to state policy in the digitalization of librarianship, the development of network-based cooperation, and the integration of information resources.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.931zcrjh1
title: Extractive desulfurization of liquid fuel using diamine-terminated polyethylene glycol as a very low vapor pressure and green molecular solvent

description: Removal of sulfur compounds from liquid fuel is one of the important
 issues in the field of energy and environment. Among the available
 methods, extractive desulfurization (EDS) is of great interest due to its
 convenient operating conditions. In this study, EDS performance of
 4,7,10-trioxatridecane-1,13-diamine (TTD), a very low vapor pressure
 diamine-terminated oligomeric polyethylene glycol, was studied. Effect of
 the influencing factors, as well as multiple extraction, mutual
 solubility, reusability and regeneration of TTD were investigated. Results
 showed that the TTD/fuel volume ratio of 0.5 could extract benzothiophene,
 dibenzothiophene, and dimethyl dibenzothiophene with the efficiencies 67,
 74, and 53%, respectively, in less than one minute at ambient temperature.
 The distribution coefficient (KN) value for removal of dibenzothiophene by
 TTD was 3.66 higher than that of polyethylene glycols (PEG) and it is
 similar to KN values (about 4) for polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (as
 a modified PEG) and Lewis acid-containing ionic liquids. It was observed
 that spent TTD after 5 cycles could be regenerated using the
 back-extraction method. Also, deep EDS was achievable after 3 times
 extraction using fresh TTD. Finally, the extraction mechanism was studied
 using 1H-NMR. These observations, as well as very low vapor pressure and
 insignificant dependency of TTD on the initial S-concentration of fuel and
 temperature, make this extractant to be introduced as a valuable option
 for green and effective EDS.
description: MestReNova software can be used to extract data from the
 FID data files, and the resulting output from the software is available in
 the manuscript associated with this dataset.