cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2018.1429
title: A corpus-based study of the synonyms: convey and express

description: In this study, the researcher desired to research two synonym verbs (convey and express) in the hope that the similarities and differences between the terms and the ways in which they are used will be revealed, especially in terms of collocations, degrees of formality and grammatical patterns. Concordance lines from the Corpus of Contemporary American English were investigated in order to collect the information. The result of this study reveals that even though convey and express are synonymous, they cannot substitute each other in every context and content. Therefore, the researcher concludes convey and express are not perfect or absolute synonyms. They are nearsynonyms.
DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2018.1430
title: Factors affecting problems in learning English language among secondary school students in a public school Bangkok

description: This study investigated the problems in learning English among secondary school students and explored the three most significant factors that influence their problems in learning. The 56 secondary school students in one of the public schools in Bangkok who had low proficiency in English language were purposively selected as participants. All of them were male and were studying in upper secondary level of the school. This mix-method study was used a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview as instruments. The quantitative data were analyzed by using the frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The qualitative data were transcribed and analyzed by the content analysis. The findings revealed that there were 7 factors which affected problems in learning English language in this study which are an attitude and motivation factor, an anxiety factor, a family factor, an economic factor, an environment factor, a teacher and teaching style factor, and a learner factor. Nonetheless, the three most significant factors affecting problems in learning among secondary school students were a learner factor, followed by an economic factor and a teacher and teaching style factor.
DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2018.1431
title: High-frequency content words and collocations in ELT research articles: a corpus-based study

description: A word in different subject areas has dissimilar meaning although it is the same word; in other words, each field has its own technical terms. Thus, knowing terminology in specific fields is valuable for readers. English Language Teaching (ELT) is a field that has many technical terms and some of them only appear in the ELT field. Moreover, research about the high-frequency words in the ELT area is very limited. Therefore, this corpus-based study was aimed: (1) to investigate high-frequency content words which are used in ELT research articles, (2) to examine collocations of the highest frequency content word, and (3) to explore ELT terminology in the high-frequency content words. 100 research articles from the ELT Journal between 2008 to 2018 were selected randomly to be the source of the corpus data. The instruments that were used to collect the data were AntConc and Vocabprofile. The AntConc software was used to compile word frequency and word list. The Vocabprofile program was used to distribute ELT high-frequency words into the Outside Word List (OWL). Moreover, the Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics was used to be the source for comparing ELT terminology with the high-frequency content words. The corpus data were analyzed and presented as frequency, percentage, and quartile. The findings revealed that content words in OWL were found 76% in the research articles; the first 328 content words (in the first quartile) had high frequency. The highest frequency content word was “ELT” which collocated most frequently with nouns; for example, textbook(s), classroom(s), materials, journal, and context(s) in “ELT + noun” pattern. Only 74 content words in the high-frequency content words in the first quartile belonged to ELT terminology. Based on the findings, it was recommended that source of the data can be from various sources; for example, collecting from ELT textbooks, presentational papers, or other journals in ELT area, in order to get more information. Finally, the pedagogical implications are that language teachers should explain to students how to use the “Noun + Noun” collocation pattern to create sentences correctly and should point out the importance of the use of abbreviations for shortening speech or writing.
DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2018.1432
title: Using pictures to teach Thai vocational students English speaking skills

description: The objectives of this study were 1) to investigate the effects of describing-picture on the English speaking ability of Thai vocational students, and 2) to explore the opinions of Thai vocational students towards learning English through describing pictures. The sample was 16 vocational students in Bangkok. They were enrolled in describing-picture activities as an intensive course during a summer session in academic year 2019. The experiment lasted for 5 days. The data were collected quantitatively and qualitatively. The arithmetic average was used to investigate the differences between pre and post-test English speaking ability. The qualitative data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and shown in frequency and percentage.The findings indicated that: 1) there was a significant difference in students’ mean scores on English speaking ability before and after the students’ participation in learning English speaking through describing-picture activities, and 2) students had positive opinions towards the describing-picture activities. They revealed that learning through the describing-picture strategy was interesting and fun. Besides enjoyment with the describing-picture activities, student English-speaking ability was improved.
DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2018.1433
title: Learner autonomy in Thai law students

description: This study aimed to investigate the levels of learner autonomy of Thai law students learning in a Bangkok university. 403 Thai law students, 119 freshman students, 92 sophomore students, 94 junior students, and 98 senior students from the university, participated in the study. The research design was a sequential explanatory design. The learner autonomy questionnaire was used as a research instrument to collect the quantitative data. Moreover, a semi-structured interview was carried out in the study to get in-depth detail from the participants. The data analysis was carried out through quantitative analysis techniques (Mean and Standard Deviation). The findings from the learner autonomy questionnaire show that the level of English language learning autonomy of Thai law students learning in the university was at the high level. The Mean ( ) and the Standard Deviation (SD) were 3.75 and 0.67 respectively. The sophomores ranked the highest ( = 3.81, SD = 0.65). The freshmen and juniors were slightly different and also in the high range ( = 3.77, SD = 0.66 and = 3.76, SD = 0.72 respectively), whereas the senior subgroup was in the lowest range ( = 3.64, SD = 0.65). However, Thai law students in all subgroups had high levels of learner autonomy. The results also indicate that Thai law students are ready to be autonomous learners as they have high levels of both willingness and ability.
DOI: 10.14457/tu.the.2018.1434
title: Learner autonomy of Thai secondary school students taking online English courses: a mixed-method study

description: In this digital age, the concept of learner autonomy and the application of technology in learning management play a crucial role in reforming Thailand’s education. An adequate degree of autonomy is required for students to be successful in online learning. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the degree of autonomy of Thai secondary school students who study English through onlinecourses as well as to identify the potential ways to encourage their learner autonomy. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires distributed to 120 online student participants and semi-structured interviews with four students as well as two tutors toobtain in-depth data from both perspectives. The research findings revealed that the online student participants, on average, had a high degree of learner autonomy. Finally, the study pointed out correspondences and mismatches between students’ and tutors’ views on autonomy development in the context of online English instruction.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3672366
title: Data_Rcode for: American foulbrood in a honeybee colony: spore-symptom relationship and feedbacks between disease and colony development

description: Original data and analysis (R code) for the publication Stephan JG, De Miranda JR, Forsgren E. (2020). American foulbrood in a honeybee colony: spore-symptom relationship and feedbacks between disease and colony development. BMC Ecology.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3672367
title: Data_Rcode for: American foulbrood in a honeybee colony: spore-symptom relationship and feedbacks between disease and colony development

description: Original data and analysis (R code) for the publication Stephan JG, De Miranda JR, Forsgren E. (2020). American foulbrood in a honeybee colony: spore-symptom relationship and feedbacks between disease and colony development. BMC Ecology.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3576173
title: optoacoustic tomography beta-amyloid imaging

description: The abnormal deposition of fibrillar beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposits in the brain is one of the major histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here we describe a novel 3D high-resolution whole brain imaging method to quantify brain Aβ deposits by using non-invasive optoacoustic tomography in<em> </em>arcAβ and APP/PS1 transgenic mouse models of cerebral amyloidosis.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3576174
title: optoacoustic tomography beta-amyloid imaging

description: The abnormal deposition of fibrillar beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposits in the brain is one of the major histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here we describe a novel 3D high-resolution whole brain imaging method to quantify brain Aβ deposits by using non-invasive optoacoustic tomography in<em> </em>arcAβ and APP/PS1 transgenic mouse models of cerebral amyloidosis.
DOI: 10.14457/mu.res.2014.22
title: การวิจัยการพัฒนาสื่อองค์ความรู้ เรื่อง “ทุกวันทุกวัย กินผักผลไม้ หลากหลายคุณค่า”
DOI: 10.14457/mu.res.2015.46
title: การพัฒนาดุลยภาพเชิงนิเวศเศรษฐกิจของอุตสาหกรรมภายในนิคมอุตสาหกรรมภาคเหนือสู่รูปแบบเมืองอุตสาหกรรมเชิงนิเวศ
DOI: 10.14457/mu.res.2017.13
title: การเผาป่าและหมอกควันข้ามแดน: กรณีศึกษาอุตสาหกรรมปาล์มน้ำมันในประเทศอินโดนีเซีย
DOI: 10.14457/mu.res.2016.9
title: ความอยู่ดีมีสุขของครอบครัวไทย
DOI: 10.14457/mu.res.2017.14
title: การศึกษาหลักสูตรการจัดการเรียนการสอนอ่าน-เขียนภาษาไทยระดับชั้นประถมศึกษาในโรงเรียนท้องถิ่นและโรงเรียนกลุ่มชาติพันธุ์ในพื้นที่ภาคใต้
DOI: 10.14457/mu.res.2017.15
title: การสื่อสารเพื่อการใช้ประโยชน์จากงานวิจัย: กรณีการจัดทำแผนน้ำแบบมีส่วนร่วมในท้องถิ่น จังหวัดสมุทรสงคราม
DOI: 10.14457/mu.res.2016.10
title: การพัฒนาการวิจัยเพื่อส่งเสริมระบบการศึกษาเชิงพื้นที่โดยใช้นวัตกรรม 4R
DOI: 10.14457/mu.res.2014.23
title: การศึกษาและพัฒนาสื่อคอมพิวเตอร์มัลติมีเดียเพื่อการเรียนรู้การใช้งานโปรแกรมประยุกต์ที่มีประสิทธิภาพสำหรับผู้พิการทางการได้ยิน
DOI: 10.14457/mu.res.2011.21
title: ความเป็นธรรมและการเข้าถึงบริการทางสุขภาพที่จำเป็นของผู้สูงอายุ ในกรุงเทพมหานครและจังหวัดพระนครศรีอยุธยา
DOI: 10.14457/mu.res.2011.22
title: การวิเคราะห์ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างการเปลี่ยนแปลง โครงสร้างประชากรกับความเหลื่อมล้ำทางรายได้ในประเทศไทย
DOI: 10.14457/mu.the.2015.341
title: ผลของโปรแกรมให้ความรู้และประคับประคองจิตใจมุ่งเน้นการสร้างเสริมสุขภาพต่อคุณภาพชีวิตในสตรีมะเร็งปากมดลูกที่ได้รับการวินิจฉัยใหม่และได้รับรังสีรักษา
DOI: 10.14457/mu.the.2017.25
title: การประเมินผลการดำเนินงานของกลุ่มงานสอบสวน กรณีศึกษา สถานีตำรวจสังกัดภูธรจังหวัดเพชรบุรี
DOI: 10.14457/mu.the.2015.342
title: อิทธิพลของการรับรู้ความจำเป็นต่อการใช้ยา ความกังวลจากการใช้ยา ผลข้างเคียงและระยะเวลาการรักษาต่อความร่วมมือในการใช้ยาคอร์ติโคสเตียรอยด์ชนิดสูดในผู้ป่วยผู้ใหญ่โรคหืด
DOI: 10.14457/mu.the.2017.26
title: ปัจจัยเสี่ยงต่อการกลับเป็นซํ้าในผู้ป่วยโรคหลอดเลือดสมอง
DOI: 10.14457/mu.the.2016.175
title: วัด: พื้นที่แห่งการเรียนรู้สุขภาวะของผู้สูงอายุไทย กรณีศึกษา วัดแห่งหนึ่งในภาคอีสาน
DOI: 10.14457/mu.the.2015.343
title: ประสิทธิผลของโปรแกรมการวางแผนจำหน่ายแบบผู้ป่วยนอกในผู้ป่วย ที่เข้ารับการผ่าตัดต้อกระจกต่อความวิตกกังวลและความสามารถ ในการปฏิบัติกิจวัตรประจำวัน
DOI: 10.14457/mu.the.2015.344
title: การปรับปรุงระยะเวลาการให้บริการของห้องฉุกเฉินในผู้ป่วยภาวะหัวใจวาย ด้วยระบบบริการห้องสังเกตอาการ หน่วยอุบัติเหตุ ฉุกเฉิน โรงพยาบาลจุฬาลงกรณ์
DOI: 10.14457/mu.the.2017.27
title: ปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับพฤติกรรมการบริโภคอาหารของนักเรียน ประถมศึกษา ในเขตเทศบาลเมืองคูคต จังหวัดปทุมธานี
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3672084
title: Continuous passive seismic data recorded at the Larderello-Travale geothermal field (June 2017-January 2018)

description: The compressed files contain the continuous data (in mseed format) recorded from 23 June 2017 to 21 January 2018 by 8 temporary stations installed in the Larderello-Travale geothermal field (Lago Boracifero area). VN.dseed is a dataless SEED containing the metadata about the instruments.
description: NIVA.zip does not contain anymore mseed files recorded by RITA, which were previously added by mistake
DOI: 10.14457/mu.res.2017.12
title: การวิจัยทิศทางและการพัฒนานโยบายการเรียนรู้ตลอดชีวิตของผู้สูงอายุ ในประเทศไทย
DOI: 10.14457/cmu.res.2011.540
title: ประสิทธิผลของการใช้แนวปฏิบัติทางคลินิก สำหรับส่งเสริมความร่วมมือในการรักษาด้วยยา ของผู้สูงอายุโรคความดันโลหิตสูง โรงพยาบาลเวียงป่าเป้า จังหวัดเชียงราย
DOI: 10.14457/cmu.res.2011.541
title: ประสิทธิผลของการใช้โปรแกรมการดูแลผู้ป่วยจิตเวช โดยครอบครัวเพื่อส่งเสริมความร่วมมือ ในการรักษาด้วยยาของผู้ที่เป็นโรคจิตเภท โรงพยาบาลวังเหนือ จังหวัดลำปาง
DOI: 10.14457/cmu.res.2011.542
title: ผลกระทบจากความผันผวนของราคาน้ำมัน ต่อผู้ประกอบการสถานีบริการน้ำมัน ในอำเภอเมืองเชียงใหม่ จังหวัดเชียงใหม่
DOI: 10.14457/cmu.res.2011.543
title: อุปสงค์ต่อผลิตภัณฑ์ประกันชีวิต ของธนาคารไทยพาณิชย์ สาขาคณะแพทยศาสตร์ เชียงใหม่
DOI: 10.14457/cmu.res.2011.544
title: ความคุ้มค่าทางการเงินในการผลิตปุ๋ยหมักมูลไส้เดือนดินเชิงพาณิชย์
DOI: 10.14457/cmu.res.2011.545
title: พฤติกรรมการเปิดรับสื่อและการซื้อนิตยสารบันเทิงของผู้บริโภค ในอำเภอเมืองเชียงใหม่
DOI: 10.14457/cmu.res.2011.546
title: ปัจจัยที่มีอิทธิพลต่อนักท่องเที่ยวชาวไทยในการท่องเที่ยวบึงสีไฟ จังหวัดพิจิตร
DOI: 10.14457/cmu.res.2011.547
title: ปัจจัยที่มีอิทธิพลต่อพฤติกรรมการเลือกซื้อสินค้าหัตถกรรมบ้านถวาย ของนักท่องเที่ยวชาวไทยและต่างชาติ
DOI: 10.14457/cmu.the.2011.478
title: การวิเคราะห์สถานการณ์การดูแลผู้สูงอายุ ที่มีการบาดเจ็บศีรษะ หอผู้ป่วยศัลยกรรมระบบประสาท โรงพยาบาลเชียงรายประชานุเคราะห์
DOI: 10.14457/cmu.the.2011.479
title: ระบบการจัดการความรู้เพื่อพัฒนางานนิติกรคดีแพ่ง
DOI: 10.14457/cmu.the.2011.480
title: ระบบการจัดการความรู้สำหรับงานนิติกรคดียาเสพติด สำนักงานอัยการสูงสุด
DOI: 10.14457/cmu.the.2011.481
title: การประเมินความเสี่ยงการเกิดอัคคีภัย ในเขตพื้นที่เทศบาลตำบลสันกำแพง อำเภอสันกำแพง จังหวัดเชียงใหม่
DOI: 10.14457/cmu.the.2011.482
title: ปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับความเครียดของพนักงานระดับปฏิบัติการ ในนิคมอุตสาหกรรมจังหวัดลำพูน
DOI: 10.5519/qd.cobttjxj
title: Query on the Natural History Museum Data Portal (data.nhm.ac.uk) (4527772 records)
DOI: 10.26182/5e4b93d5b9a70
title: Data from: The ecology of eye morphology in the western rainbowfish
DOI: 10.5519/qd.1zq5eoo4
title: Query on the Natural History Museum Data Portal (data.nhm.ac.uk) (1001 records)
DOI: 10.15468/bc1avt
title: A review of the genus Cyana Walker, 1854 from India, with descriptions of five new species and three new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Singh, Navneet, Volynkin, Anton V., Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh, Ivanova, Maria S. (2020): A review of the genus Cyana Walker, 1854 from India, with descriptions of five new species and three new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 4738 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4738.1.1
DOI: 10.15468/kxonez
title: Revision of Leocrates Kinberg, 1866 and Leocratides Ehlers, 1908 (Annelida, Errantia, Hesionidae)

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Revision of Leocrates Kinberg, 1866 and Leocratides Ehlers, 1908 (Annelida, Errantia, Hesionidae). Zootaxa 4739 (1): 1-114, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4739.1.1
DOI: 10.15468/ffiix8
title: Generic Review of New Zealand Chrysomelinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

description: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Leschen, Richard A. B., Reid, Chris A. M., Nadein, Konstantin S. (2020): Generic Review of New Zealand Chrysomelinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Zootaxa 4740 (1): 1-66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4740.1.1
DOI: 10.1285/i26113775n3p71
title: Dinamiche insediative in Italia: spopolamento dei comuni rurali
DOI: 10.21227/nbe2-w971
title: High resolution profiles of residential appliances

description: The dataset includes high-resolution (1 s) power and reactive power profiles of household appliances by means of ground truth data as well as laboratory measurements. The selected appliances included a TV, a washing machine, a toaster, an iron, a hairdryer, a dish washer, a PC, a refrigerator and an air-conditioner unit. The dataset was also enhanced by incorporating range and dryer data measured in the Power Systems Laboratory of Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH). Additional laboratory measurements were conducted in the smart grid interoperability laboratory (SGILab) of the European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) in Petten, the Netherlands. These included real and reactive power profiles of a heat pump for different modes of operation, the charging profile of an electric bike and of a battery electric vehicle (BEV).
DOI: 10.21227/yz3w-ca81
title: High resolution profiles of residential appliances

description: The dataset includes high-resolution (1 s) power and reactive power profiles of household appliances by means of ground truth data as well as laboratory measurements. The selected appliances included a TV, a washing machine, a toaster, an iron, a hairdryer, a dish washer, a PC, a refrigerator and an air-conditioner unit. The dataset was also enhanced by incorporating range and dryer data measured in the Power Systems Laboratory of Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH). Additional laboratory measurements were conducted in the smart grid interoperability laboratory (SGILab) of the European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) in Petten, the Netherlands. These included real and reactive power profiles of a heat pump for different modes of operation, the charging profile of an electric bike and of a battery electric vehicle (BEV).
DOI: 10.1285/i26113775n3p97
title: La reprise démographique des campagnes françaises à l'aune des nouvelles relations rural-urbain
DOI: 10.1285/i26113775n3pi
title: Copertina
DOI: 10.1285/i26113775n3p121
title: Envejecimiento y masculinización de la población rural Andaluza
DOI: 10.1285/i26113775n3p153
title: La mujer como eje vertebrador de la nueva ruralidad. Un estado de la cuestión
DOI: 10.1285/i26113775n3p1
title: Frontespizio e pagine iniziali
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3662371
title: European anthropogenic AFOLU greenhouse gas emissions: a review and benchmark data

description: The files uploaded under this doi number represent the updated data sets used in the manuscript submitted to ESSDD in its revised version entitled: "European anthropogenic AFOLU greenhouse gas emissions: a review and benchmark data" Excel files including the data behind all the manuscript figures are available for download only for review purposes. We added, as sugggested by the referees, metadata belonging to UNFCCC 2018, FAOSTAT, EDGAR v4.3.2, CAPRI and CBM.
DOI: 10.1285/i26113775n3p177
title: Los nuevos moradores del mundo rural: neorrurales en tiempos de despoblación en Andalucía
DOI: 10.1285/i26113775n3p3
title: Contenido
DOI: 10.1285/i26113775n3p207
title: Agriculture and its policies as a constituent element of rurality: some cases in Italy
DOI: 10.1285/i26113775n3p5
title: Autores
DOI: 10.1285/i26113775n3p253
title: La asistencia a los mayores como derecho y compromiso social
DOI: 10.1285/i26113775n3p17
title: La despoblación rural como reto social. Algunos apuntes
DOI: 10.1285/i26113775n3p273
title: Restare. Comunitá locali, regimi patrimoniali e processi participativi
DOI: 10.1285/i26113775n3p41
title: Ante el reto de la despoblación de la España interior y sus diferencias regionales
DOI: 10.17632/btb7mprn9v.1
title: Raw data about GDM

description: In order to investigate the dietary pattern of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients, and assess whether maternal pre-gestational body mass index (BMI) and the results of an oral glucose tolerance test administered at weeks 24~28 of gestation (OGTT1) have a relationship with postpartum glucose tolerance (ppOGTT) in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We collected the basic data of 156 patients with GDM for statistical analysis. The original information is shown below.
DOI: 10.1285/i26113775n3p327
title: ¿El turismo rural freno de la despoblación? El caso del sur de España
DOI: 10.1285/i26113775n3p375
title: L'agroecologia come formula di sostenibilità e recupero dei saperi locali
DOI: 10.21227/15sj-ff67
title: High resolution profiles of residential appliances

description: The dataset includes high-resolution (1 s) power and reactive power profiles of household appliances by means of ground truth data as well as laboratory measurements. The selected appliances included a TV, a washing machine, a toaster, an iron, a hairdryer, a dish washer, a PC, a refrigerator and an air-conditioner unit. The dataset was also enhanced by incorporating range and dryer data measured in the Power Systems Laboratory of Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH). Additional laboratory measurements were conducted in the smart grid interoperability laboratory (SGILab) of the European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) in Petten, the Netherlands. These included real and reactive power profiles of a heat pump for different modes of operation, the charging profile of an electric bike and of a battery electric vehicle (BEV).
DOI: 10.1285/i26113775n3p401
title: Iniciativas, actuaciones y experiencias institucionales y asociativas frente a la despoblación: algunos ejemplos en España y en la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León
DOI: 10.1285/i26113775n3p421
title: Tra resilienza e "restanza". Il caso italiano di Castiglione d'Otranto
DOI: 10.1285/i26113775n3p445
title: Réimplanter les ours dans les Pyrénées françaises: faire territoire pour les animaux et les hommes?
DOI: 10.5519/qd.xzh13y0w
title: Query on the Natural History Museum Data Portal (data.nhm.ac.uk) (8681 records)
DOI: 10.1285/i26113775n3p465
title: Colophon
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19941867
title: Comparison of the infectivity of Trypanosoma cruzi insect-derived metacyclic trypomastigotes after mucosal and cutaneous contaminative challenges

description: Trypanosoma cruzi infects humans when infected triatomine vector excreta contaminate breaks in skin or mucosal surfaces. T. cruzi insect-derived metacyclic trypomastigotes (IMT) invade through gastric mucosa after oral challenges without any visible inflammatory changes, while cutaneous and conjunctival infections result in obvious local physical signs. In this study we compared the infectivity of T. cruzi IMT in mice after cutaneous and oral contaminative challenges simulating natural infections. The 50% infective dose (ID50) for oral challenge was 100 fold lower than the ID50for cutaneous challenge, indicating that oral mucosal transmission is more efficient than cutaneous transmission.