cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127157.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Relationships among Sex, Season and Testosterone in the Expression of Androgen Receptor mRNA and Protein in the Green Anole Forebrain

description: Sexual behavior in male green anole lizards is regulated by a seasonal increase in testosterone (T). However, T is much more effective at activating behavioral, morphological and biochemical changes related to reproduction in the breeding season (BS; spring) compared to nonbreeding season (NBS; fall). An increase in androgen receptor (AR) during the BS is one potential mechanism for this differential responsiveness. AR expression has not been investigated in specific brain regions across seasons in anoles. The present studies were designed to determine relative AR expression in areas important for male (preoptic area, ventromedial amygdala) and female (ventromedial hypothalamus) sexual behavior, as well as whether T upregulates AR in the anole brain. In situ hybridization and Western blot analyses were performed in unmanipulated animals across sex and season, as well as in gonadectomized animals with and without T treatment. Among hormone-manipulated animals, more cells expressing AR mRNA were detected in females than males in the amygdala. T treatment increased the volume of the ventromedial hypothalamus of gonadectomized animals in the BS, but not the NBS. AR protein in dissections of the hypothalamus and preoptic area was increased in males compared to females specifically in the BS. Additionally, among females, it was increased in the NBS compared to the BS. Collectively, these results indicate that differences in central AR expression probably do not facilitate a seasonal responsiveness to T. However, they are consistent with a role for AR in regulating some differences between sexes in the display of reproductive behaviors.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127136
title: Supplementary Material for: Treatment of Non-Transplant Patients with Multiple Myeloma: Routine Treatment by Office-Based Haematologists in Germany - Data from the Prospective Tumour Registry Lymphatic Neoplasms (TLN)

description: <b><i>Summary</i></b>Background<b><i>: </i></b>Various treatment options exist for patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Clinical registries provide insight into routine treatment and identify changes in treatment over time. <b><i>Patients and Methods: </i></b>The Tumour Registry Lymphatic Neoplasms (TLN) prospectively collects data on the treatment of patients with lymphoid B cell neoplasms as administered by office-based haematologists in Germany. Data on patient and tumour characteristics, comorbidities, systemic treatments and outcome parameters are recorded. <b><i>Results: </i></b>371 non-transplant patients with MM were recruited between 2009 and 2011. At the start of first-line (second-line) treatment, the median age was 73 (75) years; 67% (74%) of the patients had stage III MM (classification of Durie and Salmon) and 19% (28%) had renal insufficiency. In the first line, 40% of the patients received bortezomib + melphalan + prednisone (VMP), 25% received bortezomib ± dexamethasone (V±D) and 8% were treated with melphalan + prednisone + thalidomide (MPT). While use of bortezomib-based regimens increased from 67% (2009) to 85% (2011), use of melphalan-based regimens decreased from 68% to 48%. The overall objective response rate of treatment was 82%. In the second line, 34% of the patients received V±D and 16% lenalidomide + dexamethasone (LD). <b><i>Conclusion: </i></b>Bortezomib-based regimens dominate the first- and second-line treatment of MM. Future analyses will investigate outcome data, e.g. effectiveness of bortezomib retherapy compared to other second-line treatments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127139
title: Supplementary Material for: Central Adrenal Insufficiency Could Not Be Confirmed by Measurement of Basal Serum DHEAS Levels in Pubertal Children

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Central adrenal insufficiency (CAI) is due to a decrease of CRH and/or ACTH secretion. ACTH-dependent dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) has been postulated as a possible marker of adrenal function in adult patients. <b><i>Aims:</i></b> To evaluate the usefulness of basal serum DHEAS determination to diagnose CAI in pubertal patients with a suspected diagnosis of CAI. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Ninety-four pubertal patients suspected of having CAI were divided into two groups according to sufficient (group 1) or insufficient (group 2) low-dose ACTH test serum cortisol response. Concordance with low (&lt;2.5th percentile) or normal (≥2.5th percentile) basal serum DHEAS levels for age and sex, respectively, was analysed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Fifty patients (53.2%) in group 1 and 44 (46.8%) in group 2 were included. The median value of serum DHEAS levels in group 2 (0.7 µmol/l, interquartile range 0.44-1.49) was significantly lower than in group 1 (2.13 µmol/l, interquartile range 0.87-3.5; p &lt; 0.03). Nevertheless, serum basal DHEAS levels as a diagnostic marker of CAI showed 39% sensitivity and 80% specificity. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In pubertal patients, basal serum DHEAS levels do not seem to be a useful tool to diagnose either sufficiency or insufficiency of secondary adrenal function.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127142
title: Supplementary Material for: Ductoscopic Detection of Intraductal Lesions in Cases of Pathologic Nipple Discharge in Comparison with Standard Diagnostics: The German Multicenter Study

description: <b><i>Summary</i></b><b><i>Background: </i></b>According to the literature, ductoscopy is gaining increasing importance in the diagnosis of intraductal anomalies in cases of pathologic nipple discharge. In a multicenter study, the impact of this method was assessed in comparison with that of standard diagnostics. <b><i>Patients and Methods: </i></b>Between 09/2006 and 05/2009, a total of 214 patients from 7 German breast centers were included. All patients underwent elective ductoscopy and subsequent ductal excision because of pathologic nipple discharge. Ductoscopy was compared with the following standard diagnostics: breast sonography, mammography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), galactography, cytologic nipple swab, and ductal lavage cytology. The histological and imaging results were compared and contrasted to the results obtained from the nipple swab and cytologic assessment. <b><i>Results: </i></b>Sonography had the highest (82.9%) sensitivity, followed by MRI (82.5%), galactography (81.3%), ductoscopy (71.2%), lavage cytology (57.8%), mammography (57.1%), and nipple swab (22.8%). Nipple swabs had the highest (85.5%) specificity, followed by lavage cytology (85.2%), ductoscopy (49.4%), galactography (44.4%), mammography (33.3%), sonography (17.9%), and MRI (11.8%). <b><i>Conclusion: </i></b>Currently, ductoscopy provides a direct intraoperative visualization of intraductal lesions. Sensitivity and specificity are similar to those of standard diagnostics. The technique supports selective duct excision, in contrast to the unselective technique according to Urban. Therefore, ductoscopy extends the interventional/diagnostic armamentarium.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127133
title: Supplementary Material for: Receptor Expression Discrepancy between Primary and Metastatic Breast Cancer Lesions

description: <b><i>Summary</i></b><b><i>Background: </i></b>Recent studies have shown that the expression status of hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer may change during disease progression. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 expression status in primary breast cancer and metastatic lesions. <b><i>Methods: </i></b>58 patients with registered biopsy reports or available samples of the primary tumor and distant metastases were included in the final analysis. Biopsy samples were re-stained using immunohistochemical methods to determine receptor status (if not already recorded in previous reports) and re-examined by 2 independent pathologists. <b><i>Results: </i></b>Discordance rates for receptor expression status of the primary tumor and distant metastases for ER, PR, and HER2 were 17.4, 45.4, and 13.3%, respectively. No statistically significant difference in overall survival due to receptor expression discordance between the primary tumor and metastatic sites (p &gt; 0.05) was found, although a tendency toward worse survival time was observed in patients with HER2 expression discrepancies. <b><i>Conclusion: </i></b>This study showed receptor discordance rates between primary and metastatic breast cancer sites for ER, PR, and HER2 of 17.8, 45.4, and 13.3%, respectively. Re-biopsy and IHC evaluation of metastatic sites for receptor status may change treatment decisions in patients with relapsed/progressed BC.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127139.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Central Adrenal Insufficiency Could Not Be Confirmed by Measurement of Basal Serum DHEAS Levels in Pubertal Children

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Central adrenal insufficiency (CAI) is due to a decrease of CRH and/or ACTH secretion. ACTH-dependent dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) has been postulated as a possible marker of adrenal function in adult patients. <b><i>Aims:</i></b> To evaluate the usefulness of basal serum DHEAS determination to diagnose CAI in pubertal patients with a suspected diagnosis of CAI. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Ninety-four pubertal patients suspected of having CAI were divided into two groups according to sufficient (group 1) or insufficient (group 2) low-dose ACTH test serum cortisol response. Concordance with low (&lt;2.5th percentile) or normal (≥2.5th percentile) basal serum DHEAS levels for age and sex, respectively, was analysed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Fifty patients (53.2%) in group 1 and 44 (46.8%) in group 2 were included. The median value of serum DHEAS levels in group 2 (0.7 µmol/l, interquartile range 0.44-1.49) was significantly lower than in group 1 (2.13 µmol/l, interquartile range 0.87-3.5; p &lt; 0.03). Nevertheless, serum basal DHEAS levels as a diagnostic marker of CAI showed 39% sensitivity and 80% specificity. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In pubertal patients, basal serum DHEAS levels do not seem to be a useful tool to diagnose either sufficiency or insufficiency of secondary adrenal function.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127127
title: Supplementary Material for: Maternal Immune Activation Induces Changes in Myelin and Metabolic Proteins, Some of Which Can Be Prevented with Risperidone in Adolescence

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Maternal infection is a risk factor for schizophrenia but the molecular and cellular mechanisms are not fully known. Myelin abnormalities are amongst the most robust neuropathological changes observed in schizophrenia, and preliminary evidence suggests that prenatal inflammation may play a role. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of adult rat offspring born to dams that were exposed on gestational day 15 to the viral mimic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C), 4 mg/kg] or saline and treated with the atypical antipsychotic drug risperidone (0.045 mg/kg) or saline in adolescence. Western blotting was employed to validate protein changes. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Over 1,000 proteins were quantified in the PFC with pathway analyses implicating changes in core metabolic pathways, following prenatal poly(I:C) exposure. Some of these protein changes were absent in the PFC of poly(I:C)-treated offspring that subsequently received risperidone treatment in adolescence. Particularly interesting reductions in the expression of the myelin-related proteins myelin basic protein isoform 3 (MBP1) and rhombex 29 were observed, which were reversed by risperidone treatment. Validation by Western blotting confirmed changes in MBP1 and mitogen-activated kinase 1 (MAPK1). Western blotting was extended to assess the MAPK signalling proteins due to their roles in inflammation, namely phosphorylated MAPK1 and phosphorylated MAPK-activated protein kinase 2. Both were upregulated by poly(I:C) treatment and reversed by risperidone treatment. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Overall, our data suggest that maternal inflammation may contribute to an increased risk for schizophrenia through mechanisms involving metabolic function and myelin formation and that risperidone in adolescence may prevent or reverse such changes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127130
title: Supplementary Material for: Temporal Gene Expression in the Hippocampus and Peripheral Organs to Endotoxin-Induced Systemic Inflammatory Response in Caspase-1-Deficient Mice

description: <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Caspase-1 (casp1), a key protease involved in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), controls the brain expression of a set of eight genes: <i>Nos2</i> and <i>Ptgs2 </i>(nitric oxide synthase 2 and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, two inducible enzymes), <i>Cxcl1</i> and <i>Cxcl10</i> (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 and ligand 10), <i>Tgtp</i> and <i>Gbp2</i> (T cell-specific GTPase 1 and guanylate-binding protein 2, two GTPases), <i>Adamts1 </i>(a disintegrin-like and metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 1, a metalloprotease) and <i>Il1rn</i> (interleukin-1 receptor antagonist). Our objective was to ascertain whether casp1 also controlled the peripheral expression of these genes and, if so, to compare their central versus peripheral patterns of gene expression in immune and endocrine tissues during SIRS. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Wild-type (wt) and casp1 knockout (casp1<sup>-/-</sup>) mice were injected with either saline or a high dose of endotoxin/lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 800 μg/mice i.p.). Saline-injected mice were immediately euthanized after injection, whereas LPS-injected mice were sacrificed 6 and 12 h after LPS administration. Hippocampal, splenic and adrenal gene expressions were determined by real-time PCR. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Overall, casp1<sup>-/-</sup> mice showed a lower inflammatory response than wt mice. The expression levels of powerful proinflammatory factors such as <i>Nos2</i> and <i>Ptgs2</i> was reduced in casp1<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Moreover, a hierarchical clustering analysis aimed at studying patterns of gene coexpression revealed large alterations in the hippocampal pattern of casp1<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Surprisingly, the expression of <i>Adamts1 </i>was increased in the hippocampus and adrenals of casp1<sup>-/-</sup> mice. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The resilience of casp1<sup>-/-</sup> mice to SIRS lethality is associated with a lower inflammatory response, loss of hippocampal gene coexpression patterns, and increased hippocampal <i>Adamts1 </i>gene expression. The latter might be beneficial for casp1<sup>-/-</sup> mice, since ADAMTS1 is likely to play a role in neuronal plasticity. The mechanisms described here may help the development of either novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets against SIRS/sepsis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127142.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Ductoscopic Detection of Intraductal Lesions in Cases of Pathologic Nipple Discharge in Comparison with Standard Diagnostics: The German Multicenter Study

description: <b><i>Summary</i></b><b><i>Background: </i></b>According to the literature, ductoscopy is gaining increasing importance in the diagnosis of intraductal anomalies in cases of pathologic nipple discharge. In a multicenter study, the impact of this method was assessed in comparison with that of standard diagnostics. <b><i>Patients and Methods: </i></b>Between 09/2006 and 05/2009, a total of 214 patients from 7 German breast centers were included. All patients underwent elective ductoscopy and subsequent ductal excision because of pathologic nipple discharge. Ductoscopy was compared with the following standard diagnostics: breast sonography, mammography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), galactography, cytologic nipple swab, and ductal lavage cytology. The histological and imaging results were compared and contrasted to the results obtained from the nipple swab and cytologic assessment. <b><i>Results: </i></b>Sonography had the highest (82.9%) sensitivity, followed by MRI (82.5%), galactography (81.3%), ductoscopy (71.2%), lavage cytology (57.8%), mammography (57.1%), and nipple swab (22.8%). Nipple swabs had the highest (85.5%) specificity, followed by lavage cytology (85.2%), ductoscopy (49.4%), galactography (44.4%), mammography (33.3%), sonography (17.9%), and MRI (11.8%). <b><i>Conclusion: </i></b>Currently, ductoscopy provides a direct intraoperative visualization of intraductal lesions. Sensitivity and specificity are similar to those of standard diagnostics. The technique supports selective duct excision, in contrast to the unselective technique according to Urban. Therefore, ductoscopy extends the interventional/diagnostic armamentarium.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127124
title: Supplementary Material for: Comparability of Modern Recording Devices for Speech Analysis: Smartphone, Landline, Laptop, and Hard Disc Recorder

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Large-scale multi-site experimental and clinical speech protocols require high-fidelity, easy-to-use speech recording technologies. However, little is known about the reliability and comparability of affordable, portable and commonly used technologies with traditional well-validated devices (e.g., a hard disc recorder with a high-quality microphone). <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To examine the comparability of speech and voice samples acquired from protocols involving high- and low-quality devices. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Speech samples were acquired simultaneously from 15 healthy adults using four devices and analyzed acoustically for measures of timing and voice quality. For the purpose of making initial comparisons, methods were deemed comparable if the resultant acoustic data yielded root mean squared error values ≤10% and statistically significant Spearman's correlation coefficients. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The data suggest that there is significant and widespread variability in the quality and reliability between different acquisition methods for voice and speech recording. Not one method provided statistically similar data to the protocol using the benchmark device (i.e., a high-quality recorder coupled with a condenser microphone). Acoustic analysis cannot be assumed to be comparable if different recording methods are used to record speech. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Findings have implications for researchers and clinicians hoping to make comparisons between labs or, where lower-quality devices are suggested, to offer equal fidelity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127118
title: Supplementary Material for: Predictive Value of Endostatin in Chronic Heart Failure Patients with Poor Kidney Function

description: <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Increased circulating endostatin levels have been demonstrated in progressive cardiovascular (CV) and renal disorders. We investigated the predictive value of endostatin in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) and the association between endostatin and renal function. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The interaction between serum endostatin, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and predefined endpoints, including the primary endpoint (CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke; n = 397), all-cause mortality (n = 410), CV death (n = 335) or the coronary endpoint (n = 317), was evaluated in 1,390 patients &gt;60 years of age with ischemic systolic HF in the Controlled Rosuvastatin Multinational Trial in HF (CORONA) population, who were randomly assigned to 10 mg rosuvastatin or placebo. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In the population as a whole, endostatin added no predictive information after full multivariable adjustment including eGFR and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. Serum endostatin was strongly correlated with eGFR (r = 0.59, p &lt; 0.001). After full multivariable adjustment, an association between high serum endostatin and increased risk of all-cause mortality and decreased risk of the primary and coronary endpoints was seen in HF patients with impaired and preserved renal function, respectively. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Endostatin added no predictive information regarding the adverse outcome in patients with chronic systolic HF of ischemic etiology. An increased risk of all-cause mortality was seen in patients with decreased renal function. i 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127121
title: Supplementary Material for: Genetic Variants Are Not Associated with Outcome in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Results of the Genetic Substudy of the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) Trials

description: <b><i>Objectives and Background:</i></b> We evaluated the ability of 23 genetic variants to provide prognostic information in patients enrolled in the Genetic Substudy of the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) trials. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients assigned to STICH Hypothesis 1 were randomized to medical therapy with or without coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Those assigned to STICH Hypothesis 2 were randomized to CABG or CABG with left ventricular reconstruction. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In patients assigned to STICH Hypothesis 2 (n = 714), no genetic variant met the prespecified Bonferroni-adjusted threshold for statistical significance (p &lt; 0.002); however, several variants met nominal prognostic significance: variants in the β<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic receptor gene (β<sub>2</sub>-AR Gln27Glu) and in the A<sub>1</sub>-adenosine receptor gene (A<sub>1</sub>-717 T/G) were associated with an increased risk of a subject dying or being hospitalized for a cardiac problem (p = 0.027 and 0.031, respectively). These relationships remained nominally significant even after multivariable adjustment for prognostic clinical variables. However, none of the 23 genetic variants influenced all-cause mortality or the combination of death or cardiovascular hospitalization in the STICH Hypothesis 1 population (n = 532) by either univariate or multivariable analysis. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> We were unable to identify the predictive genotypes in optimally treated patients in these two ischemic heart failure populations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5127115
title: Supplementary Material for: Acute Kidney Injury after Valvular Heart Surgery and Early Changes in Cardiac Function and Structure

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Acute kidney injury (AKI) following heart surgery is associated with long-term risk of heart failure. It is not known if AKI following valvular heart surgery is associated with early changes in cardiac function or structure. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A cohort study was conducted on 201 patients with AKI and 201 patients without AKI after valvular heart surgery, who were matched for age, sex, left ventricular function, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. AKI was defined as an increase in postoperative serum creatinine of ≥26 Vmol/l (≥0.3 mg/dl) or a relative increase of ≥50%. The two primary outcomes were changes in post- compared with preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) assessed by echocardiography. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The mean age was 72 years, and 33% were female. Aortic valve surgery was the most frequent procedure. The mean time from surgery to the postoperative echocardiographic examination was 4.9 days (SD 3.7). There was no significant change in postoperative mean LVEF (-3.6 vs. -4.3%; p = 0.58) or mean LVEDD (-4.7 vs. -3.9 mm; p = 0.31) in patients with AKI compared to those without AKI. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> We found no acute changes in cardiac function or structure assessed by echocardiography in patients with AKI compared to those without AKI after valvular heart surgery. i 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel