DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b2rbnzssv
title: Data from: Towards sustainable urea electrooxidation: A thermodynamic and green chemistry evaluation of alternative pathways

description: Electrochemical oxidation of urea is a promising pathway in sustainable
 hydrogen production, yet the efficiency and environmental impact of
 alternative reaction routes remain poorly characterized. This dataset
 compiles thermodynamic and green chemistry parameters for seven distinct
 urea electro-oxidation pathways under alkaline conditions. Standard
 enthalpy and entropy values for all reactants and products were calculated
 using literature thermochemical data (Table_S1.csv). Standard electrode
 potentials for five key half-reactions (5)–(9) were derived and compared
 with values reported in the literature (Table_S2.csv). In addition, four
 figures (Figure_S1–S4.png) visualize key comparative metrics across the
 pathways: open-circuit voltage (OCV), E-factor, entropy change (ΔS), and
 enthalpy change (ΔH). These data allow for cross-pathway benchmarking
 based on both energy and sustainability metrics. The dataset can be reused
 in studies involving green electrochemical synthesis, hydrogen energy
 systems, and lifecycle modeling of urea-involved energy processes.
description: # Data from: Towards sustainable urea electrooxidation: A thermodynamic
 and green chemistry evaluation of alternative pathways Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.b2rbnzssv](10.5061/dryad.b2rbnzssv) ## Description of the
 data and file structure Title: **Towards sustainable urea
 electrooxidation: a thermodynamic and green chemistry evaluation of
 alternative pathways** Author: **V. S. Protsenko** Affiliation:
 **Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies, Dnipro,
 Ukraine** Contact:
 **[vprotsenko7@gmail.com](mailto:vprotsenko7@gmail.com)** Dataset DOI:
 **10.5061/dryad.b2rbnzssv** **Overview** This submission comprises two
 tabular files and four figure files documenting the thermodynamic and
 green‑chemistry parameters of seven urea electro‑oxidation pathways.
 Tables S1 and S2 (two CSV files) list, respectively, the literature
 thermochemical values (ΔH⁰f, S⁰) of all reagents and the calculated versus
 literature standard potentials (E⁰) for half‑reactions (5)–(9). Figures
 S1–S4 (four PNG files) graphically compare the open‑circuit voltage (OCV),
 E‑factor, entropy change (ΔS), and enthalpy change (ΔH) across the
 pathways. This dataset enables reuse for energy‑efficiency modeling and
 lifecycle analyses under alkaline conditions. All data are provided under
 a CC0 waiver; no human or animal subjects were involved. This dataset
 accompanies the article: Protsenko V. (2025) *Towards sustainable urea
 electro-oxidation: a thermodynamic and green chemistry evaluation of
 alternative pathways*. *Royal Society Open Science*, 12: 250156.
 [https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.250156](https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.250156)
 ### Files and variables ***File structure*** *├── Table S1.csv* *├── Table
 S2.csv* *├── Figure S1.png* *├── Figure S2.png* *├── Figure S3.png* *└──
 Figure S4.png* #### File: Table_S1.csv **Description:** ***Thermodynamic
 data of the substances and ions involved in reactions under consideration.
 Open with support for Cyrillic characters if the display appears
 incorrect.*** ##### Variables * *Substance or ion*: Chemical formula with
 physical state (e.g., "CO(NH2)2 (cr)": solid urea; "OH
 (aq)": hydroxide ion in solution). * *ΔH0f, 298 / kJ/mol*: Standard
 enthalpy of formation at 298 K (kilojoules per mole). * *ΔS0298 / J/mol
 K*: Standard molar entropy at 298 K (joules per mole per kelvin). *
 *Ref.*: Reference index for literature source of thermodynamic values (see
 References below). References: \[1] Ravdel A.A., Ponomareva A.M. Short
 reference book on physicochemical values, 10th ed. St. Petersburg: Ivan
 Fedorov, 2003. \[2] Lide D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th
 Edition, 2003-2004. #### File: Table_S2.csv **Description:** ***Comparison
 between the calculated standard potentials for half-reactions (5)–(9) and
 the corresponding values reported in literature. Open with support for
 Cyrillic characters if the display appears incorrect.*** ##### Variables *
 *Half-reaction from the main text:* Reaction number (5–9) as given in the
 manuscript; refers to the half-reaction equation identifier. * *E0 /
 V*: Standard potential calculated in this study (volts vs. standard
 hydrogen electrode, SHE). * *E0 / V*: Standard potential reported in the
 literature (volts vs. standard hydrogen electrode), from reference [28].
 Full citation of reference 28 from the article: 28\. Akkari S,
 Sánchez-Sánchez CM, Hopsort G, Serrano KG, Loubière K, Tzedakis T,
 Benyahia R, Rebiai L, Bastide S, Cachet-Vivier C, Vivier V, Lopez-Viveros
 M, Azimi S (2025) Progress on electrochemical and photoelectrochemical
 urea and ammonia conversion from urine for sustainable wastewater
 treatment. Appl. Catal. B Environ. Energy 362, 124718.
 [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124718](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124718). #### File: Figure_S1.png **Description:** Bar chart of  "open-circuit voltage" (OCV, in V) for each of the seven reaction pathways (pathway numbers per Table 2 of the manuscript). #### File: Figure_S2.png **Description:** Bar chart of "E-factor" (mass of waste generated per mass of product; unitless) for each pathway. #### File: Figure_S3.png **Description:** Bar chart of "reaction entropy change" (ΔS, J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹) for each pathway. #### File: Figure_S4.png **Description:** Bar chart of "reaction enthalpy change" (ΔH, kJ mol⁻¹) for each pathway. ## Code/software **Microsoft Excel** — used for tabulating data. **SigmaPlot for Windows Version 11.0** — used for creating figures. ## Access information All data and figures in this submission are released under the CC0 1.0 Universal (Public Domain Dedication).