cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rjdfn2z6n
title: Geolocation and stable isotopes indicate habitat segregation between sexes in Magellanic penguins during the winter dispersion

description: The Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) is a top predator and a
 major consumer of marine resources in the Patagonian Continental Shelf and
 worldwide. It is the most highly migratory of the Spheniscus penguins, but
 until recently, its migration route was only partially known. Regarding
 Magellanic penguins breeding on Isla Quiroga, in Argentina, our goals
 were: (1) to compare distribution during winter period between sexes and
 (2) if habitat is found to be segregated, to evaluate possible proximate
 causes like competitive exclusion and/or habitat specialization. In March
 2017 and 2018, prior to migration, 26 penguins were equipped with MK3/4
 geolocators, which were recovered in late September/early October.
 Penguins dispersed northwards as far as 29°S and southwards up to 56ºS,
 near the Beagle Channel, distributing over a 2158 ± 50 km latitudinal
 range and showing a large-scale distribution pattern across longitudes on
 the continental shelf. We found a longitudinal segregation between sexes
 in winter grounds, with males closer to the 200-meter isobath and further
 from the coastline than females. Morphological and physiological
 differences between sexes might allow males to dive deeper than females at
 a lower cost, which could result in a more offshore path for males. This
 spatial segregation was supported by bulk blood stable isotope values and
 estimated isotopic niche, which showed differences between males and
 females upon arrival from winter breeding grounds, but not while penguin
 bred and behaved as central place foragers in the colony. For the first
 time for this species, we combined two independent tools, geolocation and
 stable isotope data, and found that sexual segregation in habitat use
 could potentially generate an optimal winter foraging strategy for each
 sex, precluding potential intersex competition for food.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30170305
title: A global image-based data repository of killer whale interactions with elasmobranchs - Metadata

description: Killer whales (<i>Orcinus orca</i>) are cosmopolitan apex predators that interact with numerous species, including sharks, skates, and rays (subclass Elasmobranchii). Interactions between killer whales and elasmobranchs have garnered attention from the scientific community, but the dynamics of these events are poorly understood, as interactions are often challenging to observe. In this study, we collated imagery of interactions between killer whales and elasmobranchs to create the first image-based repository of interspecific interactions between marine predators. A total of 320 photos and videos from 82 unique interactions were collected from 12 countries. A minimum of 18 elasmobranch species across 16 genera were identified from the imagery. Furthermore, 10 different interaction types were documented, encompassing both predatory and non-predatory behavior. This dataset can provide insight into various research topics, including killer whale predation techniques, elasmobranch behavior, and the identification of individual killer whales that specialize in elasmobranch prey. As a new and openly accessible resource, this dataset provides the foundation to support future ecological and behavioral research on killer whale and elasmobranch interactions.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30170305.v3
title: A global image-based data repository of killer whale interactions with elasmobranchs - Metadata

description: Killer whales (<i>Orcinus orca</i>) are cosmopolitan apex predators that interact with numerous species, including sharks, skates, and rays (subclass Elasmobranchii). Interactions between killer whales and elasmobranchs have garnered attention from the scientific community, but the dynamics of these events are poorly understood, as interactions are often challenging to observe. In this study, we collated imagery of interactions between killer whales and elasmobranchs to create the first image-based repository of interspecific interactions between marine predators. A total of 320 photos and videos from 82 unique interactions were collected from 12 countries. A minimum of 18 elasmobranch species across 16 genera were identified from the imagery. Furthermore, 10 different interaction types were documented, encompassing both predatory and non-predatory behavior. This dataset can provide insight into various research topics, including killer whale predation techniques, elasmobranch behavior, and the identification of individual killer whales that specialize in elasmobranch prey. As a new and openly accessible resource, this dataset provides the foundation to support future ecological and behavioral research on killer whale and elasmobranch interactions.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nzs7h44n2
title: Contrasting responses to climate change at Himalayan treelines revealed by population demographics of two dominant species

description: Alpine treelines are expected to shift upward due to recent climate
 change.  However, interpretation of changes in montane
 systems has been problematic because effects of climate change are
 frequently confounded with those of land use changes. The eastern
 Himalaya, particularly Langtang National Park, Central Nepal, has been
 relatively undisturbed for centuries and thus presents an opportunity for
 studying climate change impacts on alpine treeline uncontaminated by
 potential confounding factors. We studied two dominant
 species, Abies spectabilis and Rhododendron
 campanulatum, above and below the treeline on two
 mountains.  We constructed 13 transects, each spanning
 up to 400m in elevation, in which we recorded height and state (dead or
 alive) of all trees, as well as slope, aspect, canopy density, and
 measures of anthropogenic and animal disturbance. In a subset of
 individuals, we determined the age of the plants with tree rings. All size
 classes of R. campanulatum plants had lower mortality
 above treeline than below it, and young R.
 campanulatum plants (&lt;2m tall) were at higher
 density above treeline than below.  A.
 spectabilis shows little evidence of a position change from the
 historic treeline, with a sudden extreme drop in density above treeline
 compared to below.   Recruitment, as measured
 by size class distribution, was greater above treeline than below for both
 species but A. spectabilis is confined to ~25m above
 treeline whereas R. campanulatum is luxuriantly growing
 up to 200m above treeline.  Synthesis. Evidence suggests
 that the elevational limits of R. campanulatum have
 shifted upward both because (1) young R.
 campanulatum plants above treeline benefited from facilitation of
 recruitment by surrounding vegetation, allowing upward expansion of
 recruitment, and (2) increased adult survival due to a general temperature
 amelioration to mature plants. We predict that the current pure stand
 of R. campanulatum growing above treeline will be
 colonized by A. spectabilis that will, in turn, outshade
 and eventually relegate R. campanulatum to be a minor
 component of the community, as is the current situation below the
 treeline.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30170305.v2
title: A global image-based data repository of killer whale interactions with elasmobranchs - Metadata

description: Killer whales (<i>Orcinus orca</i>) are cosmopolitan apex predators that interact with numerous species, including sharks, skates, and rays (subclass Elasmobranchii). Interactions between killer whales and elasmobranchs have garnered attention from the scientific community, but the dynamics of these events are poorly understood, as interactions are often challenging to observe. In this study, we collated imagery of interactions between killer whales and elasmobranchs to create the first image-based repository of interspecific interactions between marine predators. A total of 320 photos and videos from 82 unique interactions were collected from 12 countries. A minimum of 18 elasmobranch species across 16 genera were identified from the imagery. Furthermore, 10 different interaction types were documented, encompassing both predatory and non-predatory behavior. This dataset can provide insight into various research topics, including killer whale predation techniques, elasmobranch behavior, and the identification of individual killer whales that specialize in elasmobranch prey. As a new and openly accessible resource, this dataset provides the foundation to support future ecological and behavioral research on killer whale and elasmobranch interactions.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.w3r2280m4
title: A negative association between horn length and survival in a weakly dimorphic ungulate

description: While all models of sexual selection assume that the development and
 expression of enlarged secondary sexual traits are costly, males with
 larger ornaments or weapons generally show greater survival or longevity.
 These studies have mostly been performed in species with high sexual size
 dimorphism, subject to intense sexual selection. Here we examined the
 relationships between horn growth and several survival metrics in the
 weakly dimorphic Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica). In this unhunted
 population living at high density, males and females were able to grow
 long horns without any apparent costs in terms of longevity. However, we
 found a negative relationship between horn growth and survival during
 prime age in males. This association reduces the potential evolutionary
 consequences of trophy hunting in male chamois. We also found that females
 with long horns tended to have lower survival at old ages. Our results
 illustrate the contrasting conclusions that may be drawn when different
 survival metrics are used in analyses. The ability to detect trade-off
 between the expression of male secondary sexual traits and survival may
 depend more on environmental conditions experienced by the population than
 on the strength of sexual selection.
description: This file contains data from 409 Pyrenean chamois aged ≥ 5 years (228
 males and 181 females). The 6 variables are described below:
 - sex: male (m) or female (f). - cohort: year
 of birth (in year) - longevity: age at death
 - p9: probability of reaching 9 years of age.
 - p15: probability of reaching 15 years of age.
 -horn_length: sum of first five increments (in cm).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0gb5mkkxc
title: Get a grip - evolution of claw shape in relation to microhabitat use in intertidal arthropods (Acari, Oribatida)

description: Claws may be the most common biological attachment devices in animals but
 relatively few studies have examined the ecological and evolutionary
 significance of their morphology. We performed the first geometric
 morphometric investigation of arthropod claws ever using 15 intertidal
 oribatid mite species from two different families living in three
 different habitat types to determine if claw shape is correlated with
 ecology. Our results show that species living on rocky shores show
 remarkably high and strongly curved claws while species from mangrove
 habitats show significantly lower and less curved claws. Euryoecious
 species being able to dwell in a wide range of habitats show an
 intermediate claw type. These results indicate a strong relationship
 between claw shape and microhabitat whereas the best predictors of
 microhabitat use seem to be claw height and curvature. Claw length varied
 to some degree between the species but without any noticeable ecological
 pattern. A comparison with terrestrial and freshwater aquatic oribatid
 mite species, on the other hand, confirms that their claws are only half
 as long as that of intertidal mites and it is suggested that tidal
 flooding and wave action strongly selects for long claws. The present
 results indicate that claw morphology may play an important role in niche
 separation and hence demonstrate the importance of ecomorphological
 studies, especially in the microarthropod group which occupies a vast
 array of microhabitats.
description: File names of photographs contain the same numbers as ID field in
 raw data table
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pnvx0k6hq
title: Where to spend the winter? The role of intraspecific competition and climate in determining the selection of wintering areas by migratory caribou

description: Depicted as predictable movements, migrations can, however, show important
 interannual variations, making the conservation of migratory species
 particularly challenging. Plasticity in migratory behaviour allows
 individuals to adjust their migratory tactics to maximize their fitness.
 Destination of migration, and therefore migration patterns, may vary
 according to climatic and environmental conditions encountered during
 migration or at the arrival site but also according to competition. In
 Northern-Québec and Labrador, Canada, fall migration patterns of caribou
 from the Rivière-George (RGH) and the Rivière-aux-Feuilles (RFH) herds
 have varied greatly during the last decades. Meanwhile, both herds have
 shown large fluctuations in abundance. We assessed the influence of
 environmental factors and changes in population size on wintering area
 selection. Based on 649 fall migrations of 284 females equipped with ARGOS
 collars, we used a machine-learning algorithm, the random forests, to
 assess how climate, resources and population size affected the selection
 of four different wintering areas. Individuals followed over several years
 switched to a different wintering area 45% of the time between
 consecutive years, and this probability increased at high population size.
 The main determinant of wintering area selection was the population size
 for both herds, suggesting intra- and inter-herd competition for wintering
 areas. The long migrations of RGH toward the western wintering areas, also
 used by RFH, were favoured when the herd was abundant and when the
 availability of resources was low at the departure. The migrations of RFH
 toward the south-western area increased as RGH declined, possibly because
 the past presence of RGH in this area reduced access for caribou from RFH.
 These results highlight the flexibility in the migratory behaviour of
 caribou in response to variation in competition. Our study is the first to
 suggest that wintering area selection can be determined by competition
 between populations of the same ungulate species.
description: Datasets and R scripts required to run the hierachical cluster
 analysis and the random forests analyses
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9cnp5hqdt
title: Data from: An identification of invariants in life history traits of amphibians and reptiles

description: While many morphological, physiological, and ecological characteristics of
 organisms scale with body size, some do not change under size
 transformation. They are called invariant. A recent study recommended five
 criteria for identifying invariant traits. These are based on that a trait
 exhibits a unimodal central tendency and varies over a limited range with
 body mass (type I), or that it does not vary systematically with body mass
 (type II). We methodologically improved these criteria and then applied
 them to life history traits of amphibians, Anura, Caudata (eleven traits),
 and reptiles (eight traits). The numbers of invariant traits identified by
 criteria differed across amphibian orders and between amphibians and
 reptiles. Reproductive output (maximum number of reproductive events per
 year), incubation time, length of larval period, and metamorphosis size
 were type I and II invariant across amphibians. In both amphibian
 orders, reproductive output and metamorphosis size were type I and II
 invariant. In Anura, incubation time and length of larval period and in
 Caudata, incubation time were further type II invariant. In reptiles,
 however, only number of clutches per year was invariant (type
 II). All these differences could reflect that in reptiles body size and in
 amphibians, Anura, and Caudata metamorphosis (neotenic species go not
 through it) and the trend towards independence of egg and larval
 development from water additionally constrained life history evolution. We
 further demonstrate that all invariance criteria worked for amphibian and
 reptilian life history traits, although we corroborated some known and
 identified new limitations to their application.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.2pnx7p
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 154 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Trochomeriopsis diversifolia",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 154 records from 7 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002107-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8gtht76jz
title: Data from: A mobile laboratory for ancient DNA analysis

description: Mobile devices for on-field DNA analysis have been used for medical
 diagnostics at the point-of-care, forensic investigation and environmental
 survey, but still have to be validated for ancient DNA studies. We report
 here on a mobile laboratory that we setup using commercially available
 devices, including a compact real-time PCR machine, and describe
 procedures to perform DNA extraction and analysis from a variety of
 archeological samples within 4 hours. The process is carried out on 50 mg
 samples that are identified at the species level using custom TaqMan
 real-time PCR assays for mitochondrial DNA fragments. We evaluated the
 potential of this approach in museums lacking facilities for DNA studies
 by analyzing samples from the Enlène (MIS 2 layer) and the Western Portel
 cave (MIS 3 deposits), and also performed experiments during an excavation
 campaign at the Roc-en-Pail (MIS 5) open-air site. Enlène Bovinae bone
 samples only yielded Bison priscus DNA, whereas Western Portel cave
 coprolites contained cave hyena (Crocuta crocuta) DNA together, for some
 of them, with DNA for the extinct Bison schoetensacki/Bb1/X clade, thus
 highlighting the Crocuta crocuta diet. Roc-en-Pail Bovinae bone and tooth
 samples also contained DNA for the Bison schoetensacki/Bb1/X clade, and
 Cervidae bone samples only yielded Rangifer tarandus DNA. Subsequent DNA
 sequencing analysis confirmed that correct species identification had been
 achieved using our TaqMan assays, hence validating these assays for future
 studies. We conclude that our approach enables the rapid genetic
 characterization of tens of millennia-old archeological samples and is
 expected to be useful for the on-site screening of museums and freshly
 excavated samples for DNA content. Because our mobile laboratory is made
 up of commercially available instruments, this approach is easily
 accessible to other investigators.
description: NGS Amplicons reads
 of:<b> </b><i><b>Bison Priscus
 (</b></i><b>Enlène
 cave) </b><i><b>Bison schoetensacki
 (</b></i><b>Le Portel
 cave), </b><i><b>Bison
 schoetensacki
 (</b></i><b>Roc-en-Pail</b><b>), </b><i><b>Rangifer tarandus (</b></i><b>Roc-en-Pail</b><b>)</b>
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qv9s4mw9s
title: Expanding the mutualistic niche: parallel symbiont turnover along climatic gradients

description: Keystone mutualisms, such as corals, lichens, or mycorrhizae sustain
 fundamental ecosystem functions. Range dynamics of these symbioses are,
 however, inherently difficult to predict because host species may switch
 between different symbiont partners in different environments, thereby
 altering the range of the mutualism as a functional unit. Biogeographic
 models of mutualisms thus have to consider both, the ecological amplitudes
 of various symbiont partners, and the abiotic conditions that trigger
 symbiont replacement. To address this challenge, we here investigate
 ‘symbiont turnover zones’ – defined as demarcated regions where symbiont
 replacement most likely occurs due to overlapping abundances of symbiont
 ecotypes. Mapping the distribution of algal symbionts from two species of
 lichen-forming fungi along four independent altitudinal gradients, we
 detected an abrupt and consistent β-diversity turnover suggesting parallel
 niche partitioning. Modeling contrasting environmental response functions
 obtained from latitudinal distributions of algal ecotypes consistently
 predicted a confined altitudinal turnover zone. In all gradients this
 symbiont turnover zone is characterized by ~12°C average annual
 temperature, ~5°C mean temperature of the coldest quarter, marking the
 transition from Mediterranean to cool temperate bioregions. Integrating
 conditions of symbiont turnover into biogeographic models of mutualisms is
 an important step towards a comprehensive understanding of biodiversity
 dynamics under ongoing environmental change.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nzs7h44n3
title: Biodiversity-mediated effects on ecosystem functioning depend on the type and intensity of environmental disturbances

description: Environmental disturbances affect ecosystem functioning through changes in
 organisms’ metabolism (direct effect) and biodiversity loss (indirect or
 biodiversity-mediated effect). It is still a challenge to separate direct
 and biodiversity-mediated effects of environmental changes on ecosystem
 functioning due to the difficulties in isolating ‘true’ biodiversity loss
 effects. Furthermore, it is still unclear whether biodiversity-mediated
 effects are as important as direct effects. In this study, we performed an
 experiment in artificial microcosms to disentangle biodiversity-mediated
 and direct effects of two major environmental disturbances on the
 functioning of aquatic ecosystems: increases in temperature and salinity.
 The ecosystem function analyzed was the microalgae predation by the
 zooplankton community (zooplankton grazing rates). Temperature and
 salinity increases affected the zooplankton grazing rates due to changes
 in community composition and abundance, as well as organism performance.
 The impact of salinity changes on community structure was higher than that
 of temperature; however, the importance of biodiversity-mediated and
 direct effects was similar to regulating the ecosystem functioning, albeit
 they have presented different directions and magnitude across the
 treatments. At a moderate level of temperature increase, we observed that
 the biodiversity-mediated effect was more relevant than the direct effect,
 with negative effects on the overall grazing rates. Our results suggest
 that disturbances can affect the functioning of aquatic environments
 through a set of complex biological mechanisms that balance direct and
 biodiversity-mediated effects. We concluded that the relative importance
 of biodiversity-mediated effects depends on the type and intensity of the
 disturbance.