cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5065/d6086397
title: Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for Global Land Surface (1949-2012)

description: This dataset includes the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) at three-, six-, and 12-month scales for global land surfaces. It was produced for a study to determine the relationship between climate variability and armed conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa (O'Loughlin et al. 2012). The precipitation data (1949-2012) are resampled from the original University of East Anglia Climate Research Unit (CRU) global time series, TS3.21, monthly 0.5 degree by 0.5 degree grids to the study unit of analysis, 1.0 degree by 1.0 degree grids, thereby facilitating regression with environmental and socioeconomic variables. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is commonly used to monitor drought and anomalous wet periods. It was formulated by Tom McKee, Nolan Doesken, and John Kleist of the Colorado Climate Center, Colorado State University (McKee et al. 1993). The SPI at a given location is based only on the long-term precipitation record for a desired period. The long-term precipitation time series is fitted to a gamma probability distribution, which is then transformed into a normal distribution so that the mean SPI is zero. Theoretically, the SPI is the number of standard deviations by which the observed value would lie above or below the long-term mean, for a normally distributed random variable. Thus, the index can be used to compare precipitation across a region with different climates. The SPI can be calculated for multiple time scales, which allows assessment of impacts on different water resources. For example, soil moisture responds to precipitation departures on a short time scale, while stream flow responds to anomalies on a longer time scale. Precipitation amounts that indicate wet conditions at one time scale could indicate dry conditions at another time scale.
DOI: 10.5065/d68c9tz3
title: NCAR MMM 10-member, 3 km, experimental real-time ensemble prediction system

description: Since April 2015, NCAR's Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology (MMM) Laboratory, in collaboration with NCAR's Computational Information Systems Laboratory (CISL), has been producing daily, real-time, 10 member, 48 hour ensemble forecasts with 3 km horizontal grid spacing over the conterminous United States (http://ensemble.ucar.edu). Selected post-processed 2D fields and select soundings are available.
DOI: 10.5065/req0-5x83
title: Large-eddy simulation of idealized hurricanes at different sea surface temperatures

description: Idealized hurricanes are studied using WRF model at four different sea surface temperatures of 26, 27, 28 and 29 degree C in six nested domains down to 62 m grid size. The WRF simulation output files are archived in this dataset.
DOI: 10.5065/9fbs-7b86
title: GARP DST III Global Tropospheric and Stratospheric Analyses, some 1974May-1976Mar

description: Analyses of data collected during the GARP DST III period.
DOI: 10.5065/1ngm-fd42
title: ECMWF FGGE Global Analyses for ALPEX, spring 1982

description: ECMWF global analyses collected for ALPEX for the Spring of 1982.
DOI: 10.5065/962a-qf62
title: Land cover data for MEGAN model

description: MEGAN is a modeling system for estimating the net emission of gases and aerosols from terrestrial ecosystems into the atmosphere. Emissions are calculated for about 200 chemical species including biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) such as isoprene, a-pinene, methanol and acetone as well as some inorganic compounds (e.g., NO and CO). The model is driven by land cover, weather, and atmospheric chemical composition and uses simple mechanistic algorithms to account for the major known processes controlling biogenic emissions. MEGAN is a global model with a base resolution of ~ 1 km. It can run as a stand-alone model for generating emission inventories but has also being incorporated as an on-line component of chemistry/transport and earth system models including the CESM Community Land Model and WRF-Chem. The model was originally developed at NCAR and is described by Guenther et al. 2012 (https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/5/1471/2012/). This dataset includes global 30 second (~1 km^2) resolution datasets of the three required MEGAN land cover inputs (ecotypes, Growth forms, Leaf Area Index) and some inputs (soil fertilizer, nitrogen and land type) for the optional soil NOx model.
DOI: 10.5065/n9c7-rr13
title: ECMWF FGGE T63 Tropospheric, Surface and Tendency Analyses, daily 1979

description: ECMWF tropospheric surface and tendency analyses on a global grid with T63 resolution.
DOI: 10.5065/xnpa-af09
title: Fire Inventory from NCAR version 2 Fire Emission

description: The Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN) provides daily global fire emissions at high spatial resolution. The FINN model uses satellite detection of active fires (thermal anomalies) and the land cover type to determine the emission estimates. The emission estimates are based on two uses of satellite observations: (1) MODIS fire detection, (2) Both MODIS and VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) active fire detection. Global daily emission estimates of key gases and aerosols as well as the speciation of the total VOC emissions for three common chemical mechanisms (MOZART-T1, SAPRC99 and GEOS-Chem) are included. Results are available in yearly files at 0.1 by 0.1 degree resolution, or in yearly text files of fire spots at 1 km resolution.The variables listed below are only partial of the variables in this dataset. For the complete list of variables, see detailed metadata [https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds312.9/detailed_metadata/]
DOI: 10.5065/qtsa-g775
title: GEOS5 Global Atmosphere Forcing Data

description: GEOS5 Atmospheric Forcing data, regridded and prepared as meteorological variables to run CESM and WRF simulations.
DOI: 10.5065/h9nm-xc59
title: MERRA2 Global Forcing data for CESM2 Applications

description: Atmospheric Forcing data, regridded from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA2) data and are both horizontally and vertically interpolated to the CESM2 standard 32 vertical model levels.
DOI: 10.5065/ckr4-gp38
title: CESM2.1 The Community Atmosphere Model with Chemistry (CAM-chem) Outputs as Boundary Conditions

description: CAM-chem simulation outputs are to be used as boundary conditions for regional modeling. Results are from a simulation at 0.9 degree by 1.25 degree horizontal resolution simulation with 56 vertical levels and specified dynamics using MERRA2 reanalysis. Data are available every 6 hours from January 1, 2001 to June 30, 2019.
DOI: 10.5065/jv89-ah11
title: Global Meteorological Forcing Dataset for Land Surface Modeling

description: A global dataset of meteorological forcings has been developed that can be used to drive models of land surface hydrology. The dataset is constructed by combining a suite of global observation-based datasets with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. Known biases in the reanalysis precipitation and near-surface meteorology have been shown to exert an erroneous effect on modeled land surface water and energy budgets and are thus corrected using observation-based datasets of precipitation, air temperature and radiation. Corrections are also made to the rain day statistics of the reanalysis precipitation which have been found to exhibit a spurious wave-like pattern in high-latitude wintertime. Wind-induced low measurement of solid precipitation is removed using the results from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Solid Precipitation Measurement Intercomparison. Precipitation is disaggregated in space to 1.0 degree and 0.25 degree by statistical downscaling using relationships developed with the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) daily product. Disaggregation in time from daily to 3-hourly is accomplished similarly, using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3-hourly real-time dataset. Other meteorological variables (downward short- and longwave, specific humidity, surface air pressure and wind speed) are downscaled in space with account for changes in elevation. The dataset is evaluated against the bias-corrected forcing dataset of the second Global Soil Wetness Project. The final product provides a long-term, globally-consistent dataset of near-surface meteorological variables that can be used to drive models of the terrestrial hydrologic and ecological processes for the study of seasonal and interannual variability and for the evaluation of coupled models and other land surface prediction schemes.
DOI: 10.5065/1b5z-kq51
title: WATer and global CHange (WATCH) Forcing Data (WFD) - 20th Century

description: New global sub-daily meteorological forcing data are provided for use with land surface and hydrological-models. The data are derived from the ERA-40 reanalysis product via sequential interpolation to half-degree resolution, elevation correction and monthly-scale adjustments based on CRU (corrected-temperature, diurnal temperature range, cloud-cover) and GPCC (precipitation) monthly observations combined with new corrections for varying atmospheric aerosol-loading and separate precipitation gauge corrections for rainfall and snowfall. The WATCH Forcing data is a twentieth century meteorological forcing dataset for land surface and hydrological models. It consists of three of 6-hourly states of the weather for global half-degree land grid points. It was generated as part of the EU FP 6 project "WATCH" (WATer and global CHange") which ran from 2007-2011. The data was generated in 2 time periods with slightly different methodology: 1901-1957 and 1958-2001, but generally the dataset can be considered as continuous. More details regarding the generation process can be found in the associated WATCH technical report and paper in J. Hydrometeorology. The data covers land points only and excludes the Antarctica.
DOI: 10.5065/486n-8109
title: The WFDEI Meteorological Forcing Data

description: The WFDEI meteorological forcing data set has been generated using the same methodology as the widely used WATCH Forcing Data (WFD) by making use of the ERA-Interim reanalysis data. The ERA-Interim reanalysis data have led to improvements in precipitation and wind speed data while the changes in the aerosol corrections have improved the downward shortwave fluxes. The WFDEI will allow more detailed comparisons of hydrological and Earth System model outputs with relevant satellite products than using the WFD.
DOI: 10.5065/pz8f-f017
title: CRUNCEP Version 7 - Atmospheric Forcing Data for the Community Land Model

description: The CRUNCEP is an atmospheric forcing dataset used forcing the land surface models. Specifically this dataset is designed to drive the Community Land Model over a long period. The CRUNCEP is a combination of two existing datasets; the CRU TS3.2 0.5 X 0.5 monthly data covering the period 1901 to 2002 and the NCEP reanalysis 2.5 X 2.5 degree 6-hourly data covering the period 1948 to 2016. The CRUNCEP dataset has been used to force CLM for studies of vegetation growth, evapotranspiration, and gross primary production and for the TRENDY (trends in net land-atmosphere carbon exchange over the period 1980-2010) project, among many other use cases. The CRUNCEP data archived in this dataset is Version 7.
DOI: 10.5065/mrh9-b809
title: Marine cloud brightening climate intervention is simulated by CESM2 under a susceptibility-based strategy under SSP2-4.5

description: The efficiency of marine cloud brightening in cooling Earth's surface temperature is investigated by using a medium ensemble of simulations with the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2). Various cloud seeding schemes based on susceptibility are examined to determine what area extent will be required to induce 1.5 degrees C cooling under SSP2-4.5. The results indicate that cloud seeding over 5% of the ocean area is capable of achieving this goal. Under this seeding scheme, cloud seeding is mainly deployed over lower latitudes where strong surface temperature and precipitation responses are induced. The simulations also reveal that the 5% cloud seeding scheme reduces precipitation over the ocean, but enhances precipitation over land, with an overall reduction in global precipitation.Previous modeling studies indicate that even though marine cloud brightening under a susceptibility-based strategy is effective in reducing the global average surface temperature, it can induce several highly undesirable outcomes. Under such marine cloud brightening intervention, a La Nina-like sea-surface temperature response is triggered with cooling mostly confined within lower latitudes. It is likely to pose a threat to disrupt the El Nino Southern Oscillation.A different cloud seeding strategy is explored to alleviate such undesirable outcomes. It is hypothesized that deployment of marine cloud brightening over broader regions with low susceptibility to cloud seeding might induce cooling more evenly distributed over the globe, and hence exert much weaker regional forcing on the climate system. This hypothesis is tested with the Community Earth System Model, version 2 (CESM2). Our simulations with CESM2 reveal that this new strategy indeed alleviates the highly undesirable outcomes previously found.The CESM2 SSP2-4.5 ensemble simulations can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.26024/j23t-pc83.
DOI: 10.5065/jf2t-6f61
title: The High-resolution Urban Meteorology for Impacts Dataset - HUMID

description: The High-resolution Urban Meteorology for Impacts Dataset, HUMID, will be useful for studies examining spatial variability of near surface meteorology and the impacts of urban heat islands across many disciplines including epidemiology, ecology, and climatology. We have explicitly included representation of spatial meteorological variability over urban areas in the contiguous United States (CONUS) as compared to other observation-only gridded meteorology products by employing the High-Resolution Land Data Assimilation System (HRLDAS), which accounts for the fine-scale impacts of spatiotemporally varying land surfaces on weather. Further, we include in situ meteorological observations such as local mesonets to bias correct the HRLDAS output, creating a model-observation fusion product. The data spans 1 January 1981 to 31 December 2018, covering all of CONUS at 1 km grid spacing. The dataset includes daily maximum, minimum, and mean values for a variety of temperature estimates such as 2 m temperature, skin temperature, urban temperatures, as well as specific humidity and surface energy budget terms.The full variable list with corresponding file and variable metadata is in this file [https://rda.ucar.edu/OS/web/datasets/d314008/docs/humid_dataset_readme.pdf].
DOI: 10.5065/d6th8jp5
title: NCAR Community Earth System Model, EaSM Project Dataset

description: This dataset includes climate model output data from NCAR's Community Earth System Model (CESM) CMIP 5 runs, configured as CCSM4 (CAM4), with output fields for the 3-D global atmosphere at six hourly intervals. A basic set of parameters is provided on 26 model hybrid level surfaces: specific humidity, temperature, wind components, and geopotential height to support regional modeling studies. Additional parameters are provided on single level grids to support analysis studies including surface temperature. Data are available in yearly time-series parameter archive files, and monthly synoptic time archive files. An interface is provided to give users the option to select parameter, temporal, and spatial subsets from the monthly synoptic time archive files. The data are a single 20th Century (1950-2005) simulation and three concomitant Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) future scenarios spanning 2005-2100. These computer runs were completed in 2011.Users needing for WRF boundary conditions are recommended to use the bias corrected version of this dataset found in RDA dataset ds316.1, NCAR CESM Global Bias-corrected CMIP5 Output to Support WRF/MPAS Research.NOTE: All RCP2.6 data has been removed due to corrupted data caused by a model bug.
DOI: 10.5065/d6dj5cn4
title: NCAR CESM Global Bias-Corrected CMIP5 Output to Support WRF/MPAS Research

description: This dataset includes global bias-corrected climate model output data from version 1 of NCAR's Community Earth System Model (CESM1) that participated in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Experiment (CMIP5), which supported the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC AR5). The dataset contains all the variables needed for the initial and boundary conditions for simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) or the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS), provided in the Intermediate File Format specific to WRF and MPAS. The data are interpolated to 26 pressure levels and are provided in files at six hourly intervals. The variables have been bias-corrected using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Reanalysis (ERA-Interim) fields for 1981-2005, following the method in Bruyere et al. (2014) [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-2011-6]. Files are available for a 20th Century simulation (1951-2005) and three concomitant Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) future scenarios (RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5) spanning 2006-2100.NOTE: There are no bias-corrected data for RCP2.6, due to corrupted data caused by a model bug in CESM.Note to Microsoft Windows users: The executable metgrid.exe, which is required to ingest this data into WPS/WRF, is not compatible with Windows and can only be run in a Linux environment. It is recommended, therefore, that this dataset be used in Linux environments only.
DOI: 10.5065/vrd4-7x93
title: CESM Large Ensemble with Different Pinatubo Forcings

description: We reran a 36 year (1990 - 2025) segment of the 29 CESM Large Ensemble members with the proper ocean biogeochemistry configuration using two different options for volcanic forcings:1. Control: we use the same forcing as the original Large Ensemble, but these members were run on Cheyenne instead of Yellowstone (this avoids determining what differences in our experiment are due to changes in the forcing vs changes in the compiler and hardware).2. No Pinatubo: The volcanic aerosol mass mixing ratio from 1991 through 1995 is replaced with the five year segment from 1986 to 1990.
DOI: 10.5065/6ktg-7454
title: United Kingdom Hadley Centre Climate Model Version 3 Output

description: Products of special run of United Kingdom Hadley Centre Climate Model version 3 forced with A2 emissions scenario from Special Report on Emissions Scenarios for the 21st century are in the dataset. The results are used as boundary conditions for North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program.
DOI: 10.5065/6w1m-zw77
title: Climate Model Outputs Assembled by DSS for EPA Carbon Dioxide Studies

description: Various global climate model runs at several institutions were made in the 1980s to assess the impact of increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 on the global climate. The Data Support Section at NCAR assembled and/or computed the 10-year monthly climatologies from the outputs of these runs and made them available in a common ASCII exchange format. The standard parameters that were provided by all of the models are surface temperature, wind speed, precipitation, humidity, incoming solar radiation, and pressure (sea-level or surface). Other parameters were provided and they varied depending on the individual model. These models also provided outputs in various timesteps other than decadal means, and those outputs are archived by institution in the ds318.1 through ds318.5 series of datasets.
DOI: 10.5065/yjvb-7w38
title: Climate Model Products from the First-generation Global Coupled Model at the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis

description: The Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCMA) has developed several climate simulation models for use in projecting natural climate change and assessing the impact of human activities on climate change. CCCMA's first-generation global coupled model (CGCM1) was run with three scenarios: one with constant atmospheric forcing (control run), one with carbon dioxide (CO2) increasing at a compounded one percent per year rate, and one with a combination of CO2 and sulfate aerosol concentrations.The model was run at T32 resolution, resulting in a 97 by 48 gaussian latitude/longitude grid with approximately 3.75 degree by 3.75 degree resolution. Daily (once- or twice-daily depending on the parameter) and monthly output grids were produced. Upper level (850mb and 500mb) parameters include geopotential heights, temperature, winds, and humidity. At the surface, the model outputs include temperature, wind, humidity, pressure, sea-level pressure, precipitation, and radiation fluxes.DSS has used the monthly-mean grids to compute decadal means for years zero through nine (e.g. 2000-2009) for each decade. DSS also computed smoothed decadal means which are 30-year running means of the raw decadal means. Because of the large variability in the decadal means of parameters such as precipitation, it is recommended that the smoothed decadal-mean grids be used and applied to the middle decade of the period (e.g. apply the 2000-2029 mean to the year 2015).
DOI: 10.5065/chy4-k176
title: ECMWF TOGA COARE Analysis and Forecasts

description: A special set of ECMWF T106L31 model output for the TOGA COARE experiment from 15 November 1992 to 15 February 1993. Data include analysis and short range forecasts.
DOI: 10.5065/d6gh9gsz
title: THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) Model Tropical Cyclone Track Data

description: This dataset holds all THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) tropical cyclone track model analysis and forecast data. Ensemble generated tropical cyclone track data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ecmf), United Kingdom Met Office (egrr), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (kwbc), Japan Meteorological Agency (rjtd), China Meteorological Administration (babj), Meteorological Service of Canada (cwao), MeteoFrance (lfpw), and Korea Meteorological Administration (rksl) are included and made available for online access. New data are added to the archive from selected contributors on an ongoing basis.
DOI: 10.5065/549x-ke89
title: Historical Unidata Internet Data Distribution (IDD) Gridded Model Data

description: Historical Unidata Internet Data Distribution (IDD) Gridded Model Data are obtained via the Unidata Internet Data Distribution System (IDD). Data includes gridded analyses and forecasts from US National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) models. Models include NCEP ETA, NAM and RUC covering the Continental US, NCEP Ensemble and GFS covering North America and the globe, and GFS Extended and ECMWF covering the globe, at various spatial and temporal resolutions. Potential variables found in the model output include pressure, relative humidity, temperature, geopotential height, zonal component wind speed, and V-component wind speed.