cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3453086
title: Upper Miocene–Pleistocene deformation of the Girne (Kyrenia) Range and Dar Dere (Ovgos) lineaments, northern Cyprus: role in collision and tectonic escape in the easternmost Mediterranean region

description: During Late Cretaceous–Mid-Eocene the Girne (Kyrenia) Range formed part of the northerly active continental margin of the southern Neotethys. Following Late Eocene–Late Miocene mainly deep-marine clastic deposition, the range was thrust southwards in a convergent (transpressional) stress regime during Late Miocene (Messinian)–earliest Pliocene time. Sinistral transpression is most evident near the front of the range in the east and in several segments, implying strain compartmentalization. The range was relatively quiescent during Early–Mid Pliocene, followed by strong <em>c.</em> east–west-trending uplift during Late Pliocene–Pleistocene. Further south, the east–west Dar Dere (Ovgos) lineament was active as a north-down extensional (or transtensional) fault zone during Oligocene–Mid-Miocene. Sinistral strike-slip/transpression followed during Late Miocene, followed by strike-slip at least during Late Pliocene–Pleistocene. The latest Miocene–earliest Pliocene thrusting/oblique convergence reflects closure of the southern Neotethys and tightening of the suture between the Arabian (North African) and Turkish (Eurasian) continents. Collision-related uplift of the Girne (Kyrenia) Range and the Troodos Massif further south took place from Late Pliocene time onwards. The Dar Dere (Ovgos) lineament is interpreted as a terrane boundary that was reactivated related to westward tectonic escape of Anatolia during Neogene–Recent time. The structure as a whole reflects regional diachronous continental collision.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3453086.v1
title: Upper Miocene–Pleistocene deformation of the Girne (Kyrenia) Range and Dar Dere (Ovgos) lineaments, northern Cyprus: role in collision and tectonic escape in the easternmost Mediterranean region

description: During Late Cretaceous–Mid-Eocene the Girne (Kyrenia) Range formed part of the northerly active continental margin of the southern Neotethys. Following Late Eocene–Late Miocene mainly deep-marine clastic deposition, the range was thrust southwards in a convergent (transpressional) stress regime during Late Miocene (Messinian)–earliest Pliocene time. Sinistral transpression is most evident near the front of the range in the east and in several segments, implying strain compartmentalization. The range was relatively quiescent during Early–Mid Pliocene, followed by strong <em>c.</em> east–west-trending uplift during Late Pliocene–Pleistocene. Further south, the east–west Dar Dere (Ovgos) lineament was active as a north-down extensional (or transtensional) fault zone during Oligocene–Mid-Miocene. Sinistral strike-slip/transpression followed during Late Miocene, followed by strike-slip at least during Late Pliocene–Pleistocene. The latest Miocene–earliest Pliocene thrusting/oblique convergence reflects closure of the southern Neotethys and tightening of the suture between the Arabian (North African) and Turkish (Eurasian) continents. Collision-related uplift of the Girne (Kyrenia) Range and the Troodos Massif further south took place from Late Pliocene time onwards. The Dar Dere (Ovgos) lineament is interpreted as a terrane boundary that was reactivated related to westward tectonic escape of Anatolia during Neogene–Recent time. The structure as a whole reflects regional diachronous continental collision.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3453077
title: Tectonic development of the southern Karasu Valley, Turkey: successive structural events during basin formation

description: New fault data are presented for the Karasu Valley, southern Turkey. Field measurements concentrate on the Eocene–Miocene (<em>c.</em> 48–7 Ma) sediments exposed on the south-western rift margin, in order to investigate the early development of this basin. Fault data show two trends in orientation NW–SE and NE–SW with a subordinate north–south trend. Stress inversions combined with field relationships indicate at least three phases of faulting. Firstly, an extensional event characterized by NE–SW and NW–SE normal faults, which are interpreted to have formed owing to flexural uplift in the forebulge region to the Bitlis–Zagros collisional front prior to the Middle Miocene. Secondly, north–south normal faults invert to give a stress ratio [<em>R</em>=(σ<sub>2</sub> – σ<sub>3</sub>/σ<sub>1</sub> – σ<sub>3</sub>)] indicative of an extensional stress regime, transitional to strike-slip faulting. The final stress phase (Pliocene–Recent) is of strike-slip faulting and east–west-trending normal faulting. This stress regime is interpreted as the result of the propagation of the Dead Sea Fault or East Anatolian Fault. Previous models of rift formation have invoked either transpressional or transtensional origins for the area; the new data presented here indicate that the southernmost Karasu Valley developed through extension followed by transtension.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3453077.v1
title: Tectonic development of the southern Karasu Valley, Turkey: successive structural events during basin formation

description: New fault data are presented for the Karasu Valley, southern Turkey. Field measurements concentrate on the Eocene–Miocene (<em>c.</em> 48–7 Ma) sediments exposed on the south-western rift margin, in order to investigate the early development of this basin. Fault data show two trends in orientation NW–SE and NE–SW with a subordinate north–south trend. Stress inversions combined with field relationships indicate at least three phases of faulting. Firstly, an extensional event characterized by NE–SW and NW–SE normal faults, which are interpreted to have formed owing to flexural uplift in the forebulge region to the Bitlis–Zagros collisional front prior to the Middle Miocene. Secondly, north–south normal faults invert to give a stress ratio [<em>R</em>=(σ<sub>2</sub> – σ<sub>3</sub>/σ<sub>1</sub> – σ<sub>3</sub>)] indicative of an extensional stress regime, transitional to strike-slip faulting. The final stress phase (Pliocene–Recent) is of strike-slip faulting and east–west-trending normal faulting. This stress regime is interpreted as the result of the propagation of the Dead Sea Fault or East Anatolian Fault. Previous models of rift formation have invoked either transpressional or transtensional origins for the area; the new data presented here indicate that the southernmost Karasu Valley developed through extension followed by transtension.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3453074
title: Provenance of the Highland Border Complex: constraints on Laurentian margin accretion in the Scottish Caledonides

description: Contrasting tectonic models for the Highland Border Complex in the Scottish Caledonides view it either as part of the rifted Laurentian margin of the Iapetus Ocean or as an oceanic terrane. Detrital zircon data from sandstones of the complex yield age peaks at 2.8–2.6, 1.3 and 1.1–1.0 Ga and minor peaks at <em>c</em>. 1.7–1.9 Ga. These characteristics compare closely with those of the upper Dalradian Supergroup of the adjacent Grampian terrane, and with the record of eastern Laurentia. The data are also consistent with the Laurentian provenance indicated by palaeontological evidence from the complex, and field evidence for continuity with the Dalradian Supergroup. Detrital ages for the Cambrian Salterella Grit of the Caledonian foreland compare with those for approximately age-equivalent sandstones from the Highland Border Complex. Both were contemporaneous with the regressive Hawke Bay event, accounting for similarities in provenance, and further linking the Highland Border Complex to Laurentia. The Grampian terrane was being uplifted and shedding detritus throughout the Ordovician and Silurian. The absence of this event from the detrital zircon records of either the Midland Valley or Southern Upland terranes suggests that these blocks cannot have been in their current location relative to the Grampian terrane before the end of the Silurian.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3453074.v1
title: Provenance of the Highland Border Complex: constraints on Laurentian margin accretion in the Scottish Caledonides

description: Contrasting tectonic models for the Highland Border Complex in the Scottish Caledonides view it either as part of the rifted Laurentian margin of the Iapetus Ocean or as an oceanic terrane. Detrital zircon data from sandstones of the complex yield age peaks at 2.8–2.6, 1.3 and 1.1–1.0 Ga and minor peaks at <em>c</em>. 1.7–1.9 Ga. These characteristics compare closely with those of the upper Dalradian Supergroup of the adjacent Grampian terrane, and with the record of eastern Laurentia. The data are also consistent with the Laurentian provenance indicated by palaeontological evidence from the complex, and field evidence for continuity with the Dalradian Supergroup. Detrital ages for the Cambrian Salterella Grit of the Caledonian foreland compare with those for approximately age-equivalent sandstones from the Highland Border Complex. Both were contemporaneous with the regressive Hawke Bay event, accounting for similarities in provenance, and further linking the Highland Border Complex to Laurentia. The Grampian terrane was being uplifted and shedding detritus throughout the Ordovician and Silurian. The absence of this event from the detrital zircon records of either the Midland Valley or Southern Upland terranes suggests that these blocks cannot have been in their current location relative to the Grampian terrane before the end of the Silurian.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3453071
title: Temporal and palaeoenvironmental distribution of manus- and pes-dominated sauropod trackways

description: Fossil tracks are a source of information about extinct animals that can supplement the osteological record, yet they are often overlooked in macroevolutionary studies. The substrates in which tracks are preserved are indicative of palaeoenvironment and habitat, and track morphology can be linked to the motion and loading of the limb. Sauropod dinosaurs represent the largest terrestrial animals ever to have existed, and the evolution of their body plan had direct consequences for their locomotion and subsequent morphology of their tracks. Here we show that the relative proportions of manus- and pes-dominated sauropod trackways appears to remain constant in the Jurassic and Cretaceous despite an apparent evolutionary anterior shift of centre of mass seen in the body fossil record. However, in Cretaceous rocks, manus-dominated tracks are most commonly recorded in cohesive substrates (e.g. mudstones), whereas pes-dominated tracks tend to be restricted to non-cohesive substrates (e.g. sandstones). This bias is not present in the Jurassic, and therefore may be the result of niche partitioning among sauropods associated with the Cretaceous diversification of the anatomically and environmentally specialized titanosaurs. In this respect, the ichnological record appears to provide complementary evidence to the osteological record and suggests a causative link between locomotion, ecology, and macroevolution in sauropod dinosaurs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3453071.v1
title: Temporal and palaeoenvironmental distribution of manus- and pes-dominated sauropod trackways

description: Fossil tracks are a source of information about extinct animals that can supplement the osteological record, yet they are often overlooked in macroevolutionary studies. The substrates in which tracks are preserved are indicative of palaeoenvironment and habitat, and track morphology can be linked to the motion and loading of the limb. Sauropod dinosaurs represent the largest terrestrial animals ever to have existed, and the evolution of their body plan had direct consequences for their locomotion and subsequent morphology of their tracks. Here we show that the relative proportions of manus- and pes-dominated sauropod trackways appears to remain constant in the Jurassic and Cretaceous despite an apparent evolutionary anterior shift of centre of mass seen in the body fossil record. However, in Cretaceous rocks, manus-dominated tracks are most commonly recorded in cohesive substrates (e.g. mudstones), whereas pes-dominated tracks tend to be restricted to non-cohesive substrates (e.g. sandstones). This bias is not present in the Jurassic, and therefore may be the result of niche partitioning among sauropods associated with the Cretaceous diversification of the anatomically and environmentally specialized titanosaurs. In this respect, the ichnological record appears to provide complementary evidence to the osteological record and suggests a causative link between locomotion, ecology, and macroevolution in sauropod dinosaurs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3453065
title: Methodology for creating national engineering geological maps of the UK

description: In the United Kingdom (UK) geological maps traditionally have been attributed with lithostratigraphical map units. However, without significant supplementary information, these maps can be only of limited use for planning and engineering works. During the middle part of the 20th century, as development of the science of engineering geology began to accelerate, engineering geological maps started to appear in various forms and at various scales to meet the challenge of making geological maps more suited to land-use planning, engineering design, building, construction and maintenance. Today, engineering geological maps are routinely used at various scales as part of the engineering planning, design and construction process. However, until recently there had been no comprehensive, readily available engineering geological map of the UK to provide the broad context for ground investigation. This paper describes the recently published (2011) 1:1 000 000 scale engineering geology superficial and bedrock maps of the UK. It describes the methodologies adopted for their creation and outlines their potential uses, limitations and future applications.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3453065.v1
title: Methodology for creating national engineering geological maps of the UK

description: In the United Kingdom (UK) geological maps traditionally have been attributed with lithostratigraphical map units. However, without significant supplementary information, these maps can be only of limited use for planning and engineering works. During the middle part of the 20th century, as development of the science of engineering geology began to accelerate, engineering geological maps started to appear in various forms and at various scales to meet the challenge of making geological maps more suited to land-use planning, engineering design, building, construction and maintenance. Today, engineering geological maps are routinely used at various scales as part of the engineering planning, design and construction process. However, until recently there had been no comprehensive, readily available engineering geological map of the UK to provide the broad context for ground investigation. This paper describes the recently published (2011) 1:1 000 000 scale engineering geology superficial and bedrock maps of the UK. It describes the methodologies adopted for their creation and outlines their potential uses, limitations and future applications.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3453059
title: U–Pb ion-microprobe zircon geochronology from the basement inliers of eastern Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula

description: New geological mapping combined with U–Pb ion microprobe zircon geochronology on the isolated but locally extensive exposures of crystalline basement inliers of eastern Graham Land has greatly improved our understanding of the region’s early crustal evolution and has allowed a more thorough evaluation of Patagonia–Antarctic Peninsula connections prior to Gondwana break-up. At Eden Glacier, diorite gneisses yield Early Ordovician protolith ages of 487 ± 3 and 485 ± 3 Ma and represent the oldest <em>in situ</em> rocks recorded on the Antarctic Peninsula, and indicate a significant spatial extension of Famatinian-age magmatism of Patagonia. Zircon overgrowths in the Early Ordovician protoliths and granitic leucosomes developed within them record two phases of Permian metamorphism at <em>c</em>. 275 and <em>c</em>. 257 Ma, coincident in part with diorite plutonism of the area at 272 ± 2 Ma. At Adie Inlet, granitic leucosomes from paragneiss have been dated at 276 ± 3 Ma, and these are in turn cut by 257 ± 3 Ma xenolith-rich diorite gneiss. The diorite intruded during a second phase of deformation, which folded the paragneiss leucosomes into tight folds. This whole assembly is cut by intensely brecciated megacrystic granodiorite, which yielded a 259 ± 3 Ma age. South of Cabinet Inlet a very different sequence of events is evident, with Triassic magmatism at <em>c</em>. 236 Ma extensive along the Joerg Peninsula. Migmatitic leucosomes are dated at <em>c</em>. 224 Ma and magmatism and deformation events apparently continued to <em>c</em>. 209 Ma at Cape Casey. Our data indicate that the Devonian and Carboniferous magmatism at Target Hill, considered to represent the ‘classic’ basement complex of the Antarctic Peninsula, is not representative regionally. The Target Hill crustal block contains a major break along Cabinet Inlet; to the north, Ordovician and Permian protoliths were variably migmatized during two episodes of Permian deformation and metamorphism, whereas to the south, Triassic protoliths and Triassic metamorphism are encountered.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3453059.v1
title: U–Pb ion-microprobe zircon geochronology from the basement inliers of eastern Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula

description: New geological mapping combined with U–Pb ion microprobe zircon geochronology on the isolated but locally extensive exposures of crystalline basement inliers of eastern Graham Land has greatly improved our understanding of the region’s early crustal evolution and has allowed a more thorough evaluation of Patagonia–Antarctic Peninsula connections prior to Gondwana break-up. At Eden Glacier, diorite gneisses yield Early Ordovician protolith ages of 487 ± 3 and 485 ± 3 Ma and represent the oldest <em>in situ</em> rocks recorded on the Antarctic Peninsula, and indicate a significant spatial extension of Famatinian-age magmatism of Patagonia. Zircon overgrowths in the Early Ordovician protoliths and granitic leucosomes developed within them record two phases of Permian metamorphism at <em>c</em>. 275 and <em>c</em>. 257 Ma, coincident in part with diorite plutonism of the area at 272 ± 2 Ma. At Adie Inlet, granitic leucosomes from paragneiss have been dated at 276 ± 3 Ma, and these are in turn cut by 257 ± 3 Ma xenolith-rich diorite gneiss. The diorite intruded during a second phase of deformation, which folded the paragneiss leucosomes into tight folds. This whole assembly is cut by intensely brecciated megacrystic granodiorite, which yielded a 259 ± 3 Ma age. South of Cabinet Inlet a very different sequence of events is evident, with Triassic magmatism at <em>c</em>. 236 Ma extensive along the Joerg Peninsula. Migmatitic leucosomes are dated at <em>c</em>. 224 Ma and magmatism and deformation events apparently continued to <em>c</em>. 209 Ma at Cape Casey. Our data indicate that the Devonian and Carboniferous magmatism at Target Hill, considered to represent the ‘classic’ basement complex of the Antarctic Peninsula, is not representative regionally. The Target Hill crustal block contains a major break along Cabinet Inlet; to the north, Ordovician and Permian protoliths were variably migmatized during two episodes of Permian deformation and metamorphism, whereas to the south, Triassic protoliths and Triassic metamorphism are encountered.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3453056
title: Continental break-up mechanism; lessons from intermediate- and fast-extension settings

description: Continental break-up mechanisms vary systematically between slow- and fast-extension systems. Slow-extension break-up has been established from studies of the Central Atlantic, European and Adria margins. This study focuses on the intermediate and fast cases from Gabon and East India, and draws from the interpretation of reflection seismic, gravimetric and magnetic data. Interpretation indicates continental break-up via continental mantle unroofing in all systems, with modifications produced by magmatism in faster-extension systems. Break-up of the intermediate-extension Gabon system involves partial upper continental crustal decoupling from continental mantle; whereas, in the fast East Coast India system, decoupled and lower-crustal regimes underwent upwarping in ‘soggy’ zones in the footwalls of major normal faults. Usually, upper-crustal break-up is affected by pre-existing anisotropies, which form systems of constraining ‘rails’ for extending continental crust. This modifies the local stress regimes. They regain a regional character as the function of constraining rails vanishes during progressive unroofing of the upper mantle. Different regions attain different amounts of upper-crustal stretching prior to the break-up. The break-up location is then controlled by the upper-crustal energy balance principle of ‘wound linkage’, by which the minimum physical work is performed for linking upper-crustal ‘wounds’, leading to successful upper-crustal break-up.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3453056.v1
title: Continental break-up mechanism; lessons from intermediate- and fast-extension settings

description: Continental break-up mechanisms vary systematically between slow- and fast-extension systems. Slow-extension break-up has been established from studies of the Central Atlantic, European and Adria margins. This study focuses on the intermediate and fast cases from Gabon and East India, and draws from the interpretation of reflection seismic, gravimetric and magnetic data. Interpretation indicates continental break-up via continental mantle unroofing in all systems, with modifications produced by magmatism in faster-extension systems. Break-up of the intermediate-extension Gabon system involves partial upper continental crustal decoupling from continental mantle; whereas, in the fast East Coast India system, decoupled and lower-crustal regimes underwent upwarping in ‘soggy’ zones in the footwalls of major normal faults. Usually, upper-crustal break-up is affected by pre-existing anisotropies, which form systems of constraining ‘rails’ for extending continental crust. This modifies the local stress regimes. They regain a regional character as the function of constraining rails vanishes during progressive unroofing of the upper mantle. Different regions attain different amounts of upper-crustal stretching prior to the break-up. The break-up location is then controlled by the upper-crustal energy balance principle of ‘wound linkage’, by which the minimum physical work is performed for linking upper-crustal ‘wounds’, leading to successful upper-crustal break-up.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3453053
title: Late Palaeozoic architecture and evolution of the southwestern Barents Sea: insights from a new generation of aeromagnetic data

description: A new generation of aeromagnetic surveys highlights the Caledonian basement grain and pre-Permian basin architecture of the southwestern Barents Sea. This configuration involved several Caledonian thrust sheets that reactivated and controlled the post-Caledonian rift development of the southwestern Barents Sea during Late Palaeozoic time. Contrary to previous geological models, we consider that the sub-Permian basins and underlying basement grain have a dominantly NNW–SSE orientation in most of the southwestern Barents Sea. Moreover, we do not see magnetic evidence that could support a major NE–SW or NNE–SSW regional axis that has commonly been proposed for the Late Palaeozoic rift system and inherited Caledonian structural grain in the Barents Sea.