DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17694851
title: Harmonized ADB Multi-Regional Input–Output (MRIO) Panel: Current Prices (2000–2024)

description: This repository contains a harmonized longitudinal panel of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Multi-Regional Input–Output (MRIO) database in current prices. It consolidates 19 benchmark years of data into a single, structurally consistent R serialized object (.rds), prepared for Multi-Regional Input–Output (MRIO) analysis, Global Value Chain (GVC) decomposition, and Leontief-based economic modeling.

The panel covers 63 economies and 35 sectors (total system size (GN = 2205) sectoral units per year). It standardizes the layout of the original ADB MRIO Excel files and provides ready-to-use matrices such as technical coefficients and Leontief inverses. All monetary values are expressed in current US dollars (nominal).

Technical Specifications




Property
Details




Temporal Coverage
2000, 2007–2024 ((T = 19) years)


Geographic Scope
62 economies + Rest of the World ((S = 63))


Sectoral Resolution
35 harmonized sectors (ADB MRIO classification)


System Dimension
(2205 ×2205) (global IO system)


Valuation
Current prices (nominal USD)


File Format
R serialized object (.rds)




Data Structure and Usage

The dataset is stored as a hierarchical R list with two main components:





mrio_panel$metadata . metadata (years, countries, sectors, names)




mrio_panel$years . list of yearly MRIO objects indexed by year (e.g. "2000", "2024")



1. Loading the data

# Load the full panel
mrio_panel <- readRDS("MRIO_current_value_panel_2000_2024.rds")

# Access a specific year (e.g. 2024)
y2024 <- mrio_panel$years[["2024"]]


2. Matrix components (per year)

Each year object follows standard Leontief notation and contains:

Core flows





core_matrices$Z . intermediate use matrix (Z)




core_matrices$Y . final demand matrix (Y), with 5 final-demand categories per economy (315 columns)




core_matrices$X . gross output vector (x)




core_matrices$VA_raw . value-added vector (v)



Derived coefficients





coefficients$A . technical coefficients matrix, (A = Z · X̂⁻¹)




coefficients$A_D . domestic technical coefficients (block-diagonal part of (A))




coefficients$A_F . foreign technical coefficients, (A_F = A - A_D)



Multipliers





multipliers$B . global Leontief inverse, (B = (I − A)⁻¹)




multipliers$L . domestic Leontief inverse, (L = (I − A_D)⁻¹)



Final demand and trade (key elements)





final_demand$Y_R . total final demand by sector (row-sum of Y)




final_demand$Y_D_R . domestic final demand by sector




final_demand$Y_F_R . export (foreign) final demand by sector




trade$E_s . gross exports by sector (Note: This represents total cross-border deliveries in gross terms)



(Additional objects such as Y_country, Y_D, and Y_F are included to support multi-country GVC analysis.)

Example Workflow (R)

# Load panel
mrio_panel <- readRDS("MRIO_current_value_panel_2000_2024.rds")

# Extract 2024 MRIO object
y2024 <- mrio_panel$years[["2024"]]

# 1. Global Leontief inverse and total final demand
B_2024 <- y2024$multipliers$B   # (I - A)^(-1)
f_2024 <- y2024$final_demand$Y_R   # total final demand vector

# Compute gross output implied by final demand: x = B %*% f
x_2024_calc <- as.numeric(B_2024 %*% f_2024)

# Compare with reported gross output
X_2024 <- y2024$core_matrices$X
max(abs(x_2024_calc - X_2024))

# Example: inspect dimensions of domestic Leontief inverse L
L_2024 <- y2024$multipliers$L   # (I - A_D)^(-1)
dim(L_2024)
# [1] 2205 2205


Value-added based example

# 2. Value-added coefficients and VA content of final demand

VA_coeff_2024 <- y2024$coefficients$VA_coeff   # 1 x 2205
VA_diag_2024  <- y2024$coefficients$VA_diag    # 2205 x 2205 (diag)

# (a) Value added by sector from gross output: v = v̂ * x
VA_from_X_2024 <- as.numeric(VA_coeff_2024 %*% X_2024)

# Check consistency with stored VA_raw
VA_raw_2024 <- y2024$core_matrices$VA_raw
max(abs(VA_from_X_2024 - VA_raw_2024))

# (b) Value added embodied in total final demand: v = v̂ * B * f
VA_from_final_2024 <- as.numeric(VA_coeff_2024 %*% B_2024 %*% f_2024)

# This gives total value added (sum over all sectors)
sum(VA_from_final_2024)


Country-specific final demand example

# 3. Value added supported by final demand of a single country

# Final demand by absorbing country (2205 x 63)
Y_country_2024 <- y2024$final_demand$Y_country

# Choose a country index, e.g. country 60
g <- 60L
f_2024_g <- Y_country_2024[, g]   # final demand of country g

# Output supported by this country's final demand
x_2024_g <- as.numeric(B_2024 %*% f_2024_g)

# Value added supported by this country's final demand
VA_2024_g <- as.numeric(VA_coeff_2024 %*% B_2024 %*% f_2024_g)

# Sectoral breakdown (2205 x 1) and total
VA_2024_g_sector <- as.numeric(VA_diag_2024 %*% x_2024_g)
VA_2024_g_total  <- sum(VA_2024_g_sector)


This structure allows users to compute standard MRIO-based indicators, including gross output multipliers, GVC participation measures, and decompositions of output and value added by country, sector, and demand category.

Limitations



Data gaps: Years 2001–2006 are not available in the original ADB MRIO releases and are therefore excluded from this panel. Users requiring annual continuity may consider interpolation methods or auxiliary data sources, though caution is advised given structural changes in economies during this period.



Valuation: All figures are in current prices. Users needing constant-price or volume measures must apply sectoral deflators or other price adjustments. 




Extensions: This version includes economic flows only. Environmental satellite accounts (e.g. CO₂, energy use) are not included and must be merged from other sources if required.



Related Code and Reproducibility

All scripts used to construct, validate, and demonstrate this MRIO panel are openly available in the accompanying GitHub repository:





GitHub (code and documentation):https://github.com/BallavBabu/adb-mrio-current-panel



The repository provides:





R scripts to rebuild the panel from the original ADB MRIO Excel files,




internal consistency checks for selected years, and




example workflows for MRIO and GVC analysis using the mrio_panel object.



Researchers can use this code to fully reproduce the panel from the raw ADB workbooks or adapt the workflow to alternative MRIO configurations.

Attribution

Source data

This dataset is a processed and harmonized derivative of the official ADB Multi-Regional Input-Output tables (https://kidb.adb.org/globalization). While the code and harmonization logic are my own, the underlying economic data remains the intellectual property of the Asian Development Bank. 

CitationWhen using this harmonized panel, please cite this Zenodo repository:



Bhusal, L. B. (2025). Harmonized ADB Multi-Regional Input–Output (MRIO) Panel: Current Prices (2000–2024) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17694852