DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ns1rn8q11
title: Dynamics of leaching of POPs and additives from plastic in a Procellariiform gastric model: Diet and polymer dependent effects and implications for long-term exposure

description: Procellariiform seabirds are known to have high rates of plastic
 ingestion. We investigated the bioaccessibility of plastic-associated
 chemicals [plastic additives and sorbed persistent organic pollutants
 (POPs)] leached from plastic over time using an in vitro Procellariiform
 gastric model. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyvinyl chloride
 (PVC), commonly ingested by Procellariiform seabirds, were manufactured
 with one additive [decabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE-209) or bisphenol S
 (BPS)]. HDPE and PVC added with PBDE-209 were additionally incubated in
 salt water with 2,4,4'-trichloro-1,1'-biphenyl (PCB-28) and
 2,2',3,4,4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-138) to simulate
 sorption of POPs on plastic in the marine environment. Our results
 indicate that the type of plastic (nature of polymer and additive),
 presence of food (i.e., lipids and proteins) and gastric secretions (i.e.,
 pepsin) influence the leaching of chemicals in a seabird. In addition,
 100% of the sorbed POPs were leached from the plastic within 100 hours,
 while only 2-5% of the additives were leached from the matrix within 100
 hours, suggesting that the remaining 95% of the additives could continue
 to be leached. Overall, our study illustrates how plastic type, diet and
 plastic retention time can influence a Procellariform’s exposure risk to
 plastic-associated chemicals.
description: The concentrations of PBDE-209 and PCB released in the different
 gastric solutions, and in the Procellariiform gastric model (PGM-S or
 PGM-C) were analysed with GC/MS. The concentrations of BPS released in the
 different gastric solutions, and in the Procellariiform gastric model
 (PGM-S or PGM-C) were analysed with LC/MS (for more detail, see Material
 and Method of the paper). Regarding data processing, the area obtained for
 each chemical was normalized with the area obtained for the C13- (for
 PBDE-209 and PCBs) or d8- (for BPS) labelled chemical and according to the
 RRF obtained from a calibration curve. The concentration of chemicals
 measured within the solutions was then transformed to the concentration of
 chemical leached per gram of plastic according to the mass of the plastic
 sample that was incubated in that same solution. Then the % of chemical
 released was measured according to the total concentration of additives
 (10,000 µg/g plastic) or PCBs (1695.6 ng PCB-28/g HDPE, 1088.7 ng PCB-28/g
 PVC, 1426.8 ng PCB-138/g HDPE and 925.0 ng PCB-138/g PVC) present within
 or at the surface of the plastic before incubation into the different
 gastric solutions. 
description: # Dynamics of leaching of POPs and additives from plastic in a
 Procellariiform gastric model: diet- and polymer-dependent effects and
 implications for long-term exposure
 The dataset provides the
 concentrations and percentage (%) of PBDE-209, BPS (µg/g) and PCBs (ng/g
 and ng/piece of plastic) detected in each sample. Data are presented in
 three different Excel files. ## Description of the data and file structure
 1. The first Excel file named "*Concentration and percentage
 PCBs_gastric solutions 20h*" gives the concentrations (ng/g) of
 PCB-28 and PCB-138 detected in hexane and each gastric solution (salmon
 oil, calanus oil, acidic pepsin-albumin solution, acidic pepsin solution,
 acidic water and water), as well as the percentage released from each
 polymer (HDPE and PVC) after 20 hours. The file is organized as follow
 (from the top to the bottom): 1. The total concentration (ng/g) of PCB-28
 and -138 measured on each polymer (HDPE and PVC). They are calculated
 according to the concentration (ng/g) of PCB-28 and -138 measured in
 hexane after 20 hours (see B12, G12, M12, R12). The concentration is also
 expressed in ng/piece of plastic based on the mass of one piece (25mm²) of
 HDPE and one piece (25mm²) of PVC. 2. The concentration (ng/g) of PCB-28
 and -138 measured in hexane after 20 hours for each polymer (HDPE and
 PVC). Data are provided for each replicate (n=3), then the mean of the
 triplicates and standard deviation (SD) is provided. 3. The concentration
 (ng/piece of plastic) of PCB-28 and -138 measured in hexane after 20 hours
 for each polymer (HDPE and PVC). Data are provided for each replicate
 (n=3), then the mean of the triplicates and standard deviation (SD) is
 provided. The concentration is based on the mass of one piece (25mm²) of
 HDPE and one piece (25mm²) of PVC. 4. The concentration (ng/g) and
 percentage of PCB-28 and -138 measured in each gastric solution after 20
 hours for each polymer (HDPE and PVC). The concentration (ng/g) is
 provided for each replicate (n=3), then the percentage and its standard
 deviation (SD%) of PCB released is provided based on the mean of the
 triplicates and the total concentration (ng/g) of PCB-28 and -138 measured
 on each polymer (HDPE and PVC). 2. The second Excel file named
 "*Concentration and percentage PCBs_PGM 100h*" gives the
 concentrations of PCB-28 and PCB-138 detected in hexane and the
 Procellariiform Gastric Model containing salmon oil (PGM-S) or calanus oil
 (PGM-C) , as well as the percentage released from each polymer (HDPE and
 PVC) every 20 hours for 100 hours. The file is organized as follow (from
 the top to the bottom): 1. The total concentration (ng/g) of PCB-28 and
 -138 measured on each polymer (HDPE and PVC). They are calculated
 according to the concentration (ng/g) of PCB-28 and -138 measured in
 hexane after 20 hours (see B12, G12, M12, R12). The concentration is also
 expressed in ng/piece of plastic based on the mass of one piece (25mm²) of
 HDPE and one piece (25mm²) of PVC. 2. The concentration (ng/g) of PCB-28
 and -138 measured in hexane after 20 hours for each polymer (HDPE and
 PVC). Data are provided for each replicate (n=3), then the mean of the
 triplicates and standard deviation (SD) is provided. 3. **For the
 Procellariiform Gastric Model containing salmon oil (PGM-salmon) (in
 orange)**. The concentration (ng/g and ng/piece of plastic) and percentage
 of PCB-28 and -138 measured every 20 hours for each polymer (HDPE and
 PVC). The concentration (ng/g) is provided for each replicate (n=3), then
 the percentage and its standard deviation (SD%) of PCB released is
 provided based on the mean of the triplicates and the total concentration
 (ng/g) of PCB-28 and -138 measured on each polymer (HDPE and PVC). 4.
 **For the Procellariiform Gastric Model containing calanus oil
 (PGM-calanus) (in red)**. The concentration (ng/g and ng/piece of plastic)
 and percentage of PCB-28 and -138 measured every 20 hours for each polymer
 (HDPE and PVC). The concentration (ng/g) is provided for each replicate
 (n=3), then the percentage and its standard deviation (SD%) of PCB
 released is provided based on the mean of the triplicates and the total
 concentration (ng/g) of PCB-28 and -138 measured on each polymer (HDPE and
 PVC). 3. The third Excel file, named "*Concentrations and percentages
 additifs\_ PGM and gastric solutions 20h*" gives the concentration of
 PBDE-209 and BPS detected in hexane, each gastric solutions, the PGM-S and
 the PGM-C for each polymer. This file contains four sheets. 1. The first
 sheet gives the concentration (µg/g) of PBDE-209 and BPS detected in
 hexane and each gastric solution (salmon oil, calanus oil, acidic
 pepsin-albumin solution, acidic pepsin solution, acidic water and water)
 after 20 hours, as well as the percentage released from HDPE. The
 percentage is calculated according to the amount of additives that was
 added to each polymer during its manufacture (total concentration of
 additives = 10,000 µg/g). 2. The second sheet gives the concentration
 (µg/g) of PBDE-209 and BPS detected in hexane and each gastric solution
 (salmon oil, calanus oil, acidic pepsin-albumin solution, acidic pepsin
 solution, acidic water and water) after 20 hours, as well as the
 percentage released from PVC. The percentage is calculated according to
 the amount of additives that was added to each polymer during its
 manufacture (total concentration of additives = 10,000 µg/g). Each
 treatment was done in 3 replicates except for the salmon oil treatment
 which was done in 5 replicates for PBDE-209. The fourth and fifth column
 of PBDE-209 (E and F) corresponding to the fourth and fifth replicates
 were filled with the "n/a" code for treatments that were only
 run in triplicates. 3. The third sheet gives the concentrations (µg/g) and
 percentage (%) of PBDE-209 and BPS detected in the Procellariiform Gastric
 Model containing salmon oil (PGM-Salmon) (in orange) or calanus oil
 (PGM-Calanus) (in red) and hexane mixed with water (hexane:water) (no
 color) released from HDPE every 20 hours for 100 hours. Due to
 experimental constraints, the concentration of PBDE-209 measured in the
 hexane-water solution after 20 hours was only obtained for two replicates.
 The third replicate appears as "n/a". 4. The fourth sheet gives
 the concentrations (µg/g) and percentage (%) of PBDE-209 and BPS detected
 in the Procellariiform Gastric Model containing salmon oil (PGM-Salmon)
 (in orange) or calanus oil (PGM-Calanus) (in red) and hexane mixed with
 water (hexane:water) (no color) released from PVC every 20 hours for 100
 hours. The first 20 hours of treatment with PGM-Salmon were run in 5
 replicates due to a high variability observed. The fourth and fifth column
 of PBDE-209 in the PGM-Salmon (E and F) correspond to the fourth and fifth
 replicates. Since the following 80 hours were only ran in triplicates, the
 fourth and fifth column were filled with the "n/a" code for 40,
 60, 80 and 100 hours.