DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d7wm37qd1
title: Data from: A proof-of-concept experimental-theoretical model to predict pesticide resistance evolution

description: Insecticide resistance poses a major challenge to sustainable agriculture,
 yet studying its evolution in laboratory settings is notoriously difficult
 due to challenges related to maintaining large populations of pest
 species. While theoretical models offer valuable predictions, an
 experimental system for validating insecticide resistance management
 strategies remains lacking. Here, we explore C. elegans as a model
 organism for studying insecticide resistance evolution. We developed an in
 silico population genetics model and tested its predictive power in
 laboratory experiments, comparing the computational predictions to
 experimental resistance selection dynamics. Two compounds with distinct
 modes of action were tested to assess the generalizability of this system
 across different resistance mechanisms. Our results showed that in silico
 predictions generally resembled multigenerational in vivo resistance
 selection outcomes, demonstrating the feasibility of integrating in vivo
 and in silico modelling approaches in resistance research. By bridging the
 gap between theoretical and empirical research, this framework paves the
 way for addressing a wide range of open questions in resistance
 management, permitting the development of better-informed and more
 effective resistance management strategies for the agricultural industry.
 The data archived here contains information relevant to the wild isolate
 chemical susceptibility screen, baseline dose-survival, and fitness data
 on PD4792, SR42, and JD608 strains, which were further characterised in
 this study, as well as the data on experimental microevolution of chemical
 resistance.
description: # Data from: A proof-of-concept experimental-theoretical model to predict
 pesticide resistance evolution Dataset DOI:
 [10.5061/dryad.d7wm37qd1](10.5061/dryad.d7wm37qd1) ## Description of the
 data and file structure **Chemical susceptibility screen** A panel of 24
 geographically distinct wild *C. elegans* isolates were assayed on
 twenty-eight pesticidal chemicals. Ten worms at the L1 stage (first larvae
 stage) were transferred exposed to compound at 5 or 50 ppm dissolved in
 nematode growth media, and drug sensitivity was qualitatively
 characterised on a scale of 1 to 4. In the PRISM .pzfx file, "Data
 1" contains the aggregate data arranged by chemicals down each
 column, and wild isolate strains across each column; "Data 2"
 contains the same data transposed, with strain names down the rows and
 chemical names across the columns. The remaining tabs consists of granular
 data for each chemical tested, and strain names are as annotated in the
 header row.  **Dose-survival curves** Dose-survival was measured by
 exposing 100 worm eggs to various concentration of compound dissolved in
 nematode growth media and counting the number of worms surviving to
 adulthood on day 4. **Developmental time assay** Developmental timing was
 assayed by leaving 50 eggs in each well of a 12-well plate, after 60 hours
 of incubation at 20 degrees, the hour at which first eggs were laid by the
 developed adults was recorded. **96-hour fecundity assay** The 96-hour
 fecundity was assayed by counting the number of eggs present on NGM plates
 seeded with a single worm per well. ***In vivo*** **resistance
 microevolution** Resistance selection was induced by dissolving chemical
 compound on NGM plates. Ivermectin selection was carried out at 22.5
 degrees, spirotetramat selection at 20 degrees. Resistant worms were
 introduced to the population at generation 0, and frequency of resistance
 was monitored at the end of each generation. ### Files and variables ####
 File: four_strains_generation_time.xlsx **Description:** Generation time
 data for four *C. elegans* strains relevant to the study. ##### Variables
 * Header of each column is strain name. #### File:
 in_vivo_ivermectin_selection.xlsx **Description:** Resistance frequency
 change upon ivermectin selection *in vivo* and related negative control. 
 ##### Variables * Header has information on condition, replicate number,
 generation number, and resistance frequency. #### File:
 LP_chemical_susceptibility_results.pzfx **Description:** Chemical
 susceptibility data for 24 wild *C. elegans* isolates on 28 pesticidal
 compounds.  #### File: JD608_ivermectin_dose_survival.xlsx
 **Description:** Dose-survival curve for the ivermectin-resistant JD608
 strain on ivermectin. ##### Variables * Header is compound concentration.
 #### File: in_vivo_spirotetramt_selection.xlsx **Description:** Resistance
 frequency change upon spirotetramat selection *in vivo* and related
 negative control. ##### Variables * Header has information on condition,
 replicate number, generation number, and resistance frequency. #### File:
 PD4792_ivermectin_dose_survival.xlsx **Description:** Dose-survival curve
 for the ivermectin-susceptible PD4792 strain on ivermectin. #####
 Variables * Header is compound concentration. #### File:
 PD4792_spirotetramat_dose_survival.xlsx **Description:** Dose-survival
 curve for the spirotetramat-susceptible PD4792 strain on spirotetramat.
 ##### Variables * Header is compound concentration. #### File:
 SR42_spirotetramat_dose_survival.xlsx Description: Dose-survival curve for
 the spirotetramat-resistant SR42 strain on spirotetramat. ##### Variables
 * Header is compound concentration. #### File:
 three_strains_fecundity.xlsx **Description:** 96-hour fecundity of three
 *C. elegans* strains used in the study.  ##### Variables * Header is
 strain name_temperature. ## Code/software Chemical susceptibility data is
 stored in a GraphPad Prism format, all other files can be opened with
 Microsoft Excel (or any csv viewer).