DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7d7wm37wf
title: Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on porcine pre-pubertal sertoli cells

description: This dataset contains data from an in vitro experiment described in the
 paper: “Mancuso F, Arato I, Di Michele A, Antognelli C, Angelini L,
 Bellucci C, Lilli C, Boncompagni S, Fusella A, Bartolini D, Russo C,
 Moretti M, Nocchetti M, Gambelunghe A, Muzi G, Baroni T, Giovagnoli S,
 Luca G. Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Porcine Prepubertal
 Sertoli Cells: An "In Vitro" Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne).
 2022 Jan 3;12:751915. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.751915. PMID: 35046890;
 PMCID: PMC87623342”. The data describes the X-ray diffraction (XRD),
 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis to confirm the correct
 synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), and the
 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis to investigate the
 morphological/ultrastructural effects on porcine pre-pubertal Sertoli
 cells (SCs), after an acute (24 hours) and chronic (from 1 up to 3 weeks)
 exposure, at both sub-toxic (5 µg/ml) and toxic (100 µg/ml) doses of TiO2
 NPs. The diffractogram confirmed the correct synthesis of TiO2 NPs in
 accordance with the International Centre for Diffraction Data Sample
 (JCPDS 00-001-0562) and the asterisk (*) represents the peaks of TiO NPs
 in anatase form; SEM analysis showed that the mean size distribution of
 TiO2 NPs in dry form was 20 ± 5 nm and confirmed that TiO2 NPs tend to
 form aggregates of submicrometric dimensions; Representative TEM images of
 unexposed SCs showed elongated oval or spindle-shaped SCs containing quite
 large nuclei (N) and abundant mitochondria. SCs did not show substantial
 and/or severe ultrastructural alterations in SCs treated with 5 µg/ml TiO2
 NPs for 1 and 2 weeks, in all the other exposure conditions (5 µg/ml for 3
 weeks and 100 µg/ml for 1, 2, and 3 weeks), SCs showed several
 ultrastructural changes with a high percentage of severely damaged SCs,
 presenting different features of cell stress such as deeply invaginated
 and shrunk nuclei, disorder/ marginalization of chromatin components,
 swollen very fragmented, or almost completely missing endoplasmic
 reticulum membranes. In addition, mitochondrial morphology was severely
 affected and mitochondria number dramatically decreased with the presence
 of several large vacuoles, probably as a result of apoptotic mitochondria
 and/or enlarged endoplasmic reticulum and/or increased frequency of lipid
 droplets. The main results of the experiments are that long time constant
 exposure of SCs at both TiO2 NPs concentrations inevitably led to an
 altered ultrastructure.
description: The dataset was collected
 during an <em>in vitro</em> study in the University of Perugia
 and University of Chieti-Pescara and has been processed to produce an
 article accepted for publication in Frontiers in Endocrinology.
 The synthesis of the
 nanoparticles was performed by sonochemical method using acoustic
 cavitation  at the Laboratory of Acoustic Cavitation of the Department of
 Physics and Geology of the University of Perugia.  XRD was evaluated at
 room temperature with the diffractometer Philips X'Pert PRO MPD
 (Malvern Panalytical Ltd., Royston, UK) operating at 40kW/40 mA with step
 size of 0.017° and a step scan of 70s, using a Cu Kα radiation and
 X-Celerator detector. SEM analysis was performed using
 a LEO 1525 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, ZEISS (Jena,
 Germany) at the University of Perugia. TEM analysis was
 performed using a Morgagni Series 268D electron microscope (FEI Company,
 Brno, Czech Republic) equipped with a Megaview III digital camera and
 Analy-SIS software (Olympus Soft Imaging Solutions) at the University of
 Chieti-Pescara.
description: The readme file contains a clear explanation of the
 chemical-structural characterization of the synthesized
 TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs. In TEM images, red
 circles and asterisks indicate TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs deposition,
 small red arrows indicate nuclear membrane invaginations, large red arrows
 indicate enlarged endoplasmic reticulum, black arrows point to chromatin
 marginalization.  More information can be found in the
 associated manuscript referenced above.