DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17243725
title: Supporting Data for "On the Atlantic extratropical-tropical teleconnection in response to external freshwater forcing"

description: This repository contains the supporting data in the NetCDF format for the following paper:

Joshi, R. and Zhang, R. (2025). On the Atlantic extratropical-tropical teleconnection in response to external freshwater forcing, npj Clim Atmos Sci. DOI:10.1038/s41612-025-01253-z

In this study, idealized water hosing ensemble has been conducted using a high resolution fully coupled climate (GFDL CM4C192) to investigate the Atlantic extratropical-tropical teleconnection in response to external freshwater forcing. The same model is used to generate a present-day control ensemble for comparison. The response in study is defined as the difference between the water hosing and control ensembles (response = water hosing - control).

Descriptions of data files:

1. Time series of the annual mean maximum AMOC streamfunction at 26.5 °N for the control and hosing ensembles derived from the 11-year running mean for each ensemble as shown in Fig. 1a.

Maximum_AMOC_26_5N.nc

2. Climatology and anomaly of the annual mean global northward ocean/atmosphere heat transport as shown in Fig. 1b.

Northward_Heat_Transport.nc

3. Climatology/anomaly of annual mean Hadley cell and the two-sided student t-test for statistical testing for the anomaly, as shown in Fig. 1c-d 

Hadley_Cell.nc

4. Long-term mean boreal summer SST/SAT response and the two-sided student t-test for statistical testing for the response as shown in Fig. 2a-b

Long_Term_Mean_SST_Response.nc

Long_Term_Mean_SAT_Response.nc

5. Boreal summer climatological mean ocean current at 50 m depth and surface winds at 10 m as shown in Fig. 2a-b 

Ocean_Current.nc

Near_Surface_Winds.nc 

6. 11-year running mean of transient boreal summer SST and SAT response along the horseshoe pathway as shown in Fig. 2c-d

Transient_SST_Response_Along_Horseshoe_Pathway.nc

Transient_SAT_Response_Along_Horseshoe_Pathway.nc 

7.  Long-term mean boreal summer response in surface temperature, net downward surface heat flux, surface air temperature, sea level pressure, 1000hPa winds, precipitation and low-level moisture flux convergence, along with the two-sided student t-test for statistical testing for the response shown in shading in Fig. 3

Long_Term_Mean_Surface_Temperarture_Response.nc

Long_Term_Mean_Net_Downward_Surface_Heat_Flux_Response.nc

Long_Term_Mean_Surface_Air_Temperarture_Response.nc

Long_Term_Mean_Sea_Level_Pressure_Response.nc

Long_Term_Mean_1000hPa_Winds_Response.nc

Long_Term_Mean_Precipitation_Response.nc

Long_Term_Mean_Low_Level_Moisture_Flux_Convergence_Response.nc

8. Transient boreal summer response in surface temperature/winds/net downward heat flux and precipitation as shown in Fig. 4 

Transient_1000hPa_Meridional_Wind_Response.nc

Transient_1000hPa_Zonal_Wind_Response.nc

Transient_Precipitation_Response.nc

Transient_Net_Downward_Surface_Heat_Flux_Response.nc

Transient_Surface_Temperarture_Response.nc

9. Transient boreal summer response in SSS and SSH as shown in Fig. 5

Transient_Sea_Surface_Height_Response.nc

Transient_Sea_Surface_Salinity_Response.nc 

10. Transient boreal summer maximum upper ocean temperature response as shown in Fig. 6a-d

Transient_Maximum_Upper_Ocean_Temp_Response.nc

11. Transient boreal summer response in ocean current at 200 m as shown in Fig. 6a-d 

Transient_Ocean_Current_Response_at_200m_Meridional_Direction.nc

Transient_Ocean_Current_Response_at_200m_Zonal_Direction.nc

12. Transient boreal summer response in surface wind stress and its curl as shown in Fig. 6e-h  

Transient_Wind_Stress_Curl_Response.nc

Transient_Wind_Stress_Response_Meridional_Direction.nc

Transient_Wind_Stress_Response_Zonal_Direction.nc 

13. Boreal summer climatological mean upper ocean temperature at the depth of the maximum upper ocean temperature response for control and hosing ensembles as shown in Fig. 7a-b

Upper_Ocean_Temp_at_Depth_of_Max_Upper_Ocean_Temp.nc

14. Boreal summer climatological mean ocean current at 200m for control and hosing ensembles as shown in Fig. 7a-b.

Ocean_Current_at_200m.nc

15. Long-term mean boreal summer maximum upper ocean temperature response along with the two-sided student t-test for statistical testing for the response as shown in Fig. 7c.

Long_Term_Mean_Maximum_Upper_Ocean_Temp_Response.nc

16. Long-term mean boreal summer response in ocean current at 200 m as shown in Fig. 7c.

Long_Term_Mean_Ocean_Current_Response_at_200m.nc

17. Long-term mean boreal summer response in surface wind stress/curl, along with the two-sided student t-test for statistical testing for the response in wind stress curl as shown in Fig. 7d. 

Long_Term_Mean_Wind_Stress_Curl_Response.nc

Long_Term_Mean_Wind_Stress_Response.nc

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) coupled climate model version 4 (CM4) source code used in this study. The code is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3339397.