cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h6qg003
title: Data from: Herbivores and plant defenses affect selection on plant reproductive traits more strongly than pollinators

description: Pollinators and herbivores can both affect the evolutionary
 diversification of plant reproductive traits. However, plant defenses
 frequently alter antagonistic and mutualistic interactions and therefore
 variation in plant defenses may alter patterns of herbivore- and
 pollinator-mediated selection on plant traits. We tested this hypothesis
 by conducting a common garden field experiment using 50 clonal genotypes
 of white clover (Trifolium repens) that varied in a Mendelian inherited
 chemical antiherbivore defense—the production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN).
 To evaluate whether plant defenses alter herbivore- and/or
 pollinator-mediated selection, we factorially crossed chemical defense (25
 cyanogenic and 25 acyanogenic genotypes), herbivore damage (herbivore
 suppression) and pollination (hand-pollination). We found that herbivores
 weakened selection for increased inflorescence production, suggesting that
 large displays are costly in the presence of herbivores. In addition,
 herbivores weakened selection on flower size but only among acyanogenic
 plants, suggesting that plant defenses reduce the strength of
 herbivore-mediated selection. Pollinators did not independently affect
 selection on any trait, although pollinators weakened selection for later
 flowering among cyanogenic plants. Overall, cyanogenic plant defenses
 consistently increased the strength of positive directional selection on
 reproductive traits. Herbivores and pollinators both strengthened and
 weakened the strength of selection on reproductive traits, although
 herbivores imposed ~2.7× stronger selection than pollinators across all
 traits. Contrary to the view that pollinators are the most important
 agents of selection on reproductive traits, our data show that selection
 on reproductive traits is driven primarily by variation in herbivory and
 plant defenses in this system.
description: Santangelo_et-al_JEB_2018_DryadThe Zipped folder contains all data and scripts necessary to reproduce the results in the manuscript. The README is contained in the zipped folder. For additional reproducibility (e.g. raw data files, processing scripts, packrat R package repository), please visit the GitHub page for James Santangelo (linked in the README).
description: All details are in the associated manuscript. 
 The code and data for this project are additionally available in
 this GitHub repository
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0kt87
title: Data from: Analysis of iris surface features in populations of diverse ancestry

description: There are many textural elements that can be found in the human eye,
 including Fuchs’ crypts, Wolfflin nodules, pigment spots, contraction
 furrows and conjunctival melanosis. Although iris surface features have
 been well-studied in populations of European ancestry, the worldwide
 distribution of these traits is poorly understood. In this paper, we
 develop a new method of characterizing iris features from photographs of
 the iris. We then apply this method to a diverse sample of East Asian,
 European and South Asian ancestry. All five iris features showed
 significant differences in frequency between the three populations,
 indicating that iris features are largely population dependent. Although
 none of the features were correlated with each other in the East and South
 Asian groups, Fuchs’ crypts were significantly correlated with contraction
 furrows and pigment spots and contraction furrows were significantly
 associated with pigment spots in the European group. The genetic marker
 SEMA3A rs10235789 was significantly associated with Fuchs’ crypt grade in
 the European, East Asian and South Asian samples and a borderline
 association between TRAF3IP1 rs3739070 and contraction furrow grade was
 found in the European sample. The study of iris surface features in
 diverse populations may provide valuable information of forensic,
 biomedical and ophthalmological interest.
description: Iris surface features
 data - Edwards et al.This Excel file provides
 individual data for the iris surface features described in Edwards et. al
 paper. Please, see Materials and Methods section in the paper for
 additional information.Iris features
 data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qj3hn
title: Data from: The effects of quantitative fecundity in the haploid stage on reproductive success and diploid fitness in the aquatic peat moss Sphagnum macrophyllum

description: A major question in evolutionary biology is how mating patterns affect the
 fitness of offspring. However, in animals and seed plants it is virtually
 impossible to investigate the effects of specific gamete genotypes. In
 bryophytes, haploid gametophytes grow via clonal propagation and produce
 millions of genetically identical gametes throughout a population. The
 main goal of this research was to test whether gamete identity has an
 effect on the fitness of their diploid offspring in a population of the
 aquatic peat moss Sphagnum macrophyllum. We observed a heavily male-biased
 sex ratio in gametophyte plants (ramets) and in multilocus microsatellite
 genotypes (genets). There was a steeper relationship between mating
 success (number of different haploid mates) and fecundity (number of
 diploid offspring) for male genets compared with female genets. At the
 sporophyte level, we observed a weak effect of inbreeding on offspring
 fitness, but no effect of brood size (number of sporophytes per maternal
 ramet). Instead, the identities of the haploid male and haploid female
 parents were significant contributors to variance in fitness of sporophyte
 offspring in the population. Our results suggest that intrasexual
 gametophyte/gamete competition may play a role in determining mating
 success in this population.
description: Microsatellite allele
 information for sporophytes and gametophytesThe Excel document
 contains all of the information used in the microsatellite analysis of
 both haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes in the Hell Hole Swamp
 of South Carolina. For sporophytes, size (diameter in µm) and identity of
 the haploid maternal parent are recorded. Microsatellite loci names are
 following Shaw et al. 2008 and Johnson et al. 2015. The collection month
 and neighborhood within the Hell Hole Swamp site is indicated for samples
 collected in December 2009 - June 2010. Samples without date collection
 information were collected in May, 2009, and do not have neighborhood
 information. For gametophytes (male, female, and sterile), the Clone
 represents ID of a multilocus genotype. For Sporophytes, Clone represents
 the inferred paternal multilocus genotype. MomClone indicates the haploid
 maternal multilocus genotype for the maternal gametophyte of the genotype.
 Samples with a "YES" in the ambiguous column could not be
 unambiguously assigned to a Clone and were discarded from further
 analysis.hellhole_for_dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h4j28d1n
title: Data from: Natural selection in utero induced by mass layoffs: the hCG evidence

description: Evolutionary theory, when coupled with research from epidemiology,
 demography, and population endocrinology, suggests that contracting
 economies affect the fitness and health of human populations via natural
 selection in utero. We know, for example, that fetal death increases more
 among males than females when the economy unexpectedly contracts; that
 unexpected economic contraction predicts low secondary sex ratios; and
 that males from low sex ratio birth cohorts live, on average, longer than
 those from high sex ratio cohorts. We also know that low levels of human
 chorionic gonadotropin (i.e., hCG) measured in the serum of pregnant women
 predict fetal death. We do not, however, know whether male survivors of
 conception cohorts subjected to contracting economies exhibit, as theory
 predicts, higher hCG than those from other cohorts. We show, in 71 monthly
 conception cohorts including nearly two million California births, that
 they do. We thereby add to the literature suggesting that the economy, a
 phenomenon over which we collectively exercise at least some control,
 affects population health. Our findings imply that the effect arises via
 natural selection – a mechanism we largely ignore when attempting to
 explain, or alter, how collective choice affects our biology.
description: Data for
 archiveFull description of
 sources provided in the article
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nf85s5k
title: Data from: Acclimation of leaf traits in seasonal light environments: are non-native species more plastic?

description: 1. In temperate deciduous forests, understory light environments vary
 dramatically throughout spring, summer, and autumn due to tree canopy leaf
 display. This variability in light level is a physiological challenge for
 understory species that produce sun-adapted leaves in the spring before
 being shaded by the tree canopy. Similarly, some understory species
 display leaves late into autumn after the tree canopy senesces. 2. Many
 species in North American deciduous forests with extended leaf display are
 not native to North America. Since many non-native species have been shown
 to have greater plasticity than natives, we hypothesized that leaves of
 non-native species may be more plastic with respect to seasonal light
 changes than natives, and that this plasticity may allow them to
 assimilate more carbon in the same environment. 3. We measured leaf traits
 and photosynthetic capacity of 17 native and 13 non-native understory
 shrub species in a common garden in Syracuse, New York, during spring,
 summer, and autumn. We tested for the contribution of seasonal mean and
 variance (plasticity) of leaf traits to a species’ average photosynthetic
 rate and total leaf production. We also analyzed the extent to which leaf
 adjustments depended on whether plants continued to produce new leaves
 over the growing season. 4. Leaf traits of both native and non-native
 species varied seasonally, but plasticity varied in extent and
 contribution to overall carbon gain. Non-native species had the highest
 seasonal plasticity, but, contrary to our hypothesis, such plasticity did
 not contribute to their overall carbon gain. However, leaf trait
 plasticity was adaptive for native species that continued to produce
 leaves throughout the year, primarily due to increases in quantum
 efficiency and electron transport rate in leaves produced mid-year
 compared to leaves produced early in the year. 5. Synthesis. Despite large
 adjustments in leaf traits across seasonal light environments for both
 native species and non-native species, we found little evidence that
 leaf-level plasticity drives non-native invasion or contributes strongly
 to annual carbon gain or productivity in understory species. Instead,
 differences in mean leaf traits across seasons are sufficient to explain
 carbon gain advantages of non-native woody species in deciduous forests.
description: Martinez_Fridley_2018_seasonalplasticitySeasonal leaf traits and modeled photosynthetic parameters for Syracuse, NY common garden shrubs. Data were collected in May, July, and October of 2015.
DOI: 10.3535/sl6-ymj-pwp
title: Alcedo meninting

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum of Denmark.
DOI: 10.3535/6bz-v6j-fcq
title: Corythornis cristatus cristatus

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum of Denmark.
DOI: 10.3535/b31-3eq-63h
title: Alcedo leucogaster

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum of Denmark.
DOI: 10.3535/kkh-269-217
title: Alcedo meninting

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum of Denmark.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.76nv3
title: Data from: Structure and genetic diversity of Ixora margaretae an endangered species: a baseline study for conservation and restoration of natural dry forest of New Caledonia

description: The dry forests of New Caledonia are an excep- tional ecosystem because of
 their numerous endemic botan- ical species and their highly diversified
 fauna of insects, mollusks, reptiles and birds. Unfortunately, the area of
 the dry forests has been significantly reduced, mainly by human
 activities. Ecological, phenological and genetic analysis of Ixora
 margaretae, a symbolic species of the sclerophyll forest, has revealed
 contrasting traits among natural stands. The division of the natural range
 and then the separation of forest islands has greatly reduced the existing
 genetic vari- ability of this species. The genetic diversity is strongly
 structured in genetic clusters which correspond well to spe- cific
 ecotypes according to the environmental conditions and the forest types.
 Furthermore, genetic analysis of the reproductive and non-reproductive
 trees as well the half- sib families obtained by complete protection of
 mother trees has revealed substantial genetic drift which has resulted in
 increased loss of allelic variability. The total consumption of seeds by
 mainly rats confirms the ob- served absence of natural regeneration. All
 these results show that measures taken to protect the stands of dry
 forests will not be enough to maintain sufficient genetic variability of
 I. margaretae populations in the long term. Assisted regeneration with
 control of the increase in var- iability will be necessary to maintain the
 biodiversity of the species. The results obtained for I. margaretae must
 be confirmed with other symbolic species in order to take the necessary
 measures for the effective preservation of the dry forests in New
 Caledonia.
description: Ecological
 dataGenetic sampling of
 trees in the forests of Nékoro, Tiéa, Pindai, Mepouiri and Nassirah was
 completed with a phyto-sociological survey of all the neighboring
 botanical species of Ixora margaretae. Around each sampled tree, and over
 a distance of 4 meters, all the species were identified. These data were
 used to characterize the floral composition of the dry forests of Nékoro
 and Tiéa, and the main ecological traits of Ixora margaretae. The same
 protocol was used for the dry forests of Mepouiri and Pindai and the mesic
 forest of Nassirah, but because of the low number of Ixora margaretae, it
 was difficult to interpret the results for these patches of
 forests.SSRData
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ph812
title: Data from: Cascading effects of induced terrestrial plant defenses on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem function

description: Herbivores induce plants to undergo diverse processes that minimize costs
 to the plant, such as producing defences to deter herbivory or
 reallocating limited resources to inaccessible portions of the plant. Yet
 most plant tissue is consumed by decomposers, not herbivores, and these
 defensive processes aimed to deter herbivores may alter plant tissue even
 after detachment from the plant. All consumers value nutrients, but plants
 also require these nutrients for primary functions and defensive
 processes. We experimentally simulated herbivory with and without nutrient
 additions on red alder (Alnus rubra), which supplies the majority of leaf
 litter for many rivers in western North America. Simulated herbivory
 induced a defence response with cascading effects: terrestrial herbivores
 and aquatic decomposers fed less on leaves from stressed trees. This
 effect was context dependent: leaves from fertilized-only trees decomposed
 most rapidly while leaves from fertilized trees receiving the herbivory
 treatment decomposed least, suggesting plants funnelled a nutritionally
 valuable resource into enhanced defence. One component of the defence
 response was a decrease in leaf nitrogen leading to elevated carbon :
 nitrogen. Aquatic decomposers prefer leaves naturally low in C : N and
 this altered nutrient profile largely explains the lower rate of aquatic
 decomposition. Furthermore, terrestrial soil decomposers were unaffected
 by either treatment but did show a preference for local and nitrogen-rich
 leaves. Our study illustrates the ecological implications of terrestrial
 herbivory and these findings demonstrate that the effects of selection
 caused by terrestrial herbivory in one ecosystem can indirectly shape the
 structure of other ecosystems through ecological fluxes across boundaries.
description: Proceedings B
 Dryad
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jn800
title: Data from: Do North Atlantic Eels show parallel patterns of spatially varying selection?

description: Background: The two North Atlantic eel species, the European and the
 American eel, represent an ideal system in which to study parallel
 selection patterns due to their sister species status and the presence of
 ongoing gene flow. A panel of 80 coding-gene SNPs previously analyzed in
 American eel was used to genotype European eel individuals (glass eels)
 from 8 sampling locations across the species distribution. We tested for
 single-generation signatures of spatially varying selection in European
 eel by searching for elevated genetic differentiation using FST-based
 outlier tests and by testing for significant associations between allele
 frequencies and environmental variables. Results: We found signatures of
 possible selection at a total of 11 coding-gene SNPs. Candidate genes for
 local selection constituted mainly genes with a major role in metabolism
 as well as defense genes. Contrary to what has been found for American
 eel, only 2 SNPs in our study correlated with differences in temperature,
 which suggests that other explanatory variables may play a role. None of
 the genes found to be associated with explanatory variables in European
 eel showed any correlations with environmental factors in the previous
 study in American eel. Conclusions: The different signatures of selection
 between species could be due to distinct selective pressures associated
 with the much longer larval migration for European eel relative to
 American eel. The lack of parallel selection in North Atlantic eels could
 also be due to most phenotypic traits being polygenic, thus reducing the
 likelihood of selection acting on the same genes in both species.
description: SNP
 dataExcel file detailing all
 SNP genotyped at all (glass eel) individualsData_Dryad_BMCEvolBiol.xlsx
DOI: 10.3535/348-hdw-ty0
title: Corythornis cristatus cristatus

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum of Denmark.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t3p89
title: Data from: Fecundity selection on ornamental plumage colour differs between ages and sexes and varies over small spatial scales

description: Avian plumage colours are some of the most conspicuous sexual ornaments,
 and yet standardized selection gradients for plumage colour have rarely
 been quantified. We examined patterns of fecundity selection on plumage
 colour in blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus L.). When not accounting for
 environmental heterogeneity, we detected relatively few cases of
 selection. We found significant disruptive selection on adult male crown
 colour and yearling female chest colour and marginally nonsignificant
 positive linear selection on adult female crown colour. We discovered no
 new significant selection gradients with canonical rotation of the matrix
 of nonlinear selection. Next, using a long-term data set, we identified
 territory-level environmental variables that predicted fecundity to
 determine whether these variables influenced patterns of plumage
 selection. The first of these variables, the density of oaks within 50 m
 of the nest, influenced selection gradients only for yearling males. The
 second variable, an inverse function of nesting density, interacted with a
 subset of plumage selection gradients for yearling males and adult
 females, although the strength and direction of selection did not vary
 predictably with population density across these analyses. Overall,
 fecundity selection on plumage colour in blue tits appeared rare and
 inconsistent among sexes and age classes.
description: blue_tit_color_selection_files
DOI: 10.3535/0z5-748-wta
title: Alcedo meninting

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum of Denmark.
DOI: 10.3535/71m-z0d-9px
title: Alcedo cristata

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum of Denmark.
DOI: 10.3535/lxh-0q3-q45
title: Corythornis cristatus cristatus

description: Digital Specimen for the physical specimen hosted at Natural History Museum of Denmark.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.73h36
title: Data from: Influence of environmental parameters on movements and habitat utilization of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the Madagascar breeding ground

description: Assessing the movement patterns and key habitat features of breeding
 humpback whales is a prerequisite for the conservation management of this
 philopatric species. To investigate the interactions between humpback
 whale movements and environmental conditions off Madagascar, we deployed
 25 satellite tags in the northeast and southwest coast of Madagascar. For
 each recorded position, we collated estimates of environmental variables
 and computed two behavioural metrics: behavioural state of ‘transiting’
 (consistent/directional) versus ‘localized’ (variable/non-directional),
 and active swimming speed (i.e. speed relative to the current). On coastal
 habitats (i.e. bathymetry &lt; 200 m and in adjacent areas), females
 showed localized behaviour in deep waters (191 ± 20 m) and at large
 distances (14 ± 0.6 km) from shore, suggesting that their breeding habitat
 extends beyond the shallowest waters available close to the coastline.
 Males' active swimming speed decreased in shallow waters, but
 environmental parameters did not influence their likelihood to exhibit
 localized movements, which was probably dominated by social factors
 instead. In oceanic habitats, both males and females showed localized
 behaviours in shallow waters and favoured high chlorophyll-a
 concentrations. Active swimming speed accounts for a large proportion of
 observed movement speed; however, breeding humpback whales probably
 exploit prevailing ocean currents to maximize displacement. This study
 provides evidence that coastal areas, generally subject to strong human
 pressure, remain the core habitat of humpback whales off Madagascar. Our
 results expand the knowledge of humpback whale habitat use in oceanic
 habitat and response to variability of environmental factors such as
 oceanic current and chlorophyll level.
description: Trudelle_et_al_data