DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1ns1rn955
title: Data from: Tillage intensity effects on soil abiotic and biotic characteristics determine <em>Zea mays</em> yield following extreme rainfall events

description: Tillage effects on soils vary in their intensity of disturbance within a
 soil system. There are clear trade-offs between tillage methods; thus,
 farmers must navigate a complex balance between the appropriate level of
 disturbance to produce soil conditions that facilitate plant growth while
 minimizing the long-term loss of soil-related ecosystem services and
 effects of drought and extreme rainfall. This balance is exemplified in
 agricultural systems of the Midwestern US, where climate models predict
 increases in intermittent drought and extreme rainfall events. Here we
 tested how tillage affects soil abiotic and biotic characteristics,
 influenced the yield of Zea mays under high rainfall conditions. We found
 that as tillage intensity increased, the relative yield benefits provided
 by soil abiotic vs. biotic characteristics increased. Specifically, lower
 intensity tillage methods like no till and chisel till favored bacterial,
 fungal, and AM fungal taxa that were more beneficial to yield, while
 moldboard plowing benefited yield through increases to soil bulk density.
 While decreasing tillage intensity promoted positive effects of soil
 nutrient retention and soil microbes on yield, the lower soil bulk density
 in no till plots reduced yield due to poor drainage. Thus, there are
 complex interactions between tillage, climate, and soils that influence
 yield, and intermediate intensity tillage methods like chisel till may
 provide a useful balance between no till and moldboard plowing with
 changing precipitation regimes.
description: # Data from: Tillage intensity effects on soil abiotic and biotic
 characteristics determine *Zea mays* yield following extreme rainfall
 events Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.1ns1rn955](10.5061/dryad.1ns1rn955) ##
 Description of the data and file structure Data for repository: Tillage
 intensity effects on soil abiotic and biotic characteristics determine Zea
 mays yield following extreme rainfall events In *Soil & Tillage
 Research* Authors: Dr. Jacob R. Hopkins and Dr. Alison E. Bennett
 metadata.csv contains yield, soil, and plot data amf_community_data.csv
 contains arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal ASV data from the experiment
 bacterial_community_data.csv contains bacterial ASV data from the
 experiment fungal_community_data.csv contains fungal ASV data from the
 experiment amf_taxonomy_table.csv contains arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal
 taxonomy information for each ASV bacterial_taxonomy_table.csv contains
 bacterial taxonomy information for each ASV fungal_taxonomy_table.csv
 contains fungal taxonomy information for each ASV
 \--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- metadata.csv: contains yield, soil, and plot data, collected August 2021 \--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- sample: sample id farm: farm site from which data was collected tillage: tillage treatment for each sample (nt = no till, chisel = chisel till, convent = moldboard plow) field: experimental block within each farm site yield_Mg-ha: yield of Zea mays for each plot pH: soil pH for each sample gwc: soil gravimetric water content bulk_density: soil bulk density for each sample totn: total nitrogen for each soil sample totc: total carbon for each soil sample cn: carbon to nitrgoen ratio for each sample totp: Mehlichs-3 phosphorous (inorganic phosphorous) level for each sample \---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- amf_community_data.csv: contains arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal ASV data from the experiment, collected August 2021 \---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- sample_id: ID number for sample farm: farm site from which data was collected tillage: tillage treatment for each sample (nt = no till, chisel = chisel till, convent = moldboard plow) field_rep: experimental block within each farm site other columns: AM fungal ASVs, each column title represents a different amplicon sequence variant that corresponds with the amf_taxonomy_table.csv \---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- bacterial_community_data.csv: contains bacterial ASV data from the experiment, collected August 2021 \---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- sample: ID number for sample other columns: bacterial ASVs, each column title represents a different amplicon sequence variant that corresponds with the bacterial_taxonomy_table.csv \---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fungal_community_data.csv: contains fungal ASV data from the experiment, collected August 2021 \---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- sample: ID number for sample farm: farm site from which data was collected other columns: fungal ASVs, each column title represents a different amplicon sequence variant that corresponds with the amf_taxonomy_table.csv \---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- amf_taxonomy.csv: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal taxonomy information for ASVs in amf_community_data.csv, collected August 2021 \---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ASV: ASV ID, corresponds with column in amf_community_data.csv Kingdom: kingdom to which the ASV belongs Phylum: phylum to which the ASV belongs Class: class to which the ASV belongs Order: order to which the ASV belongs Family: family to which the ASV belongs Genus: genus to which the ASV belongs Species: species to which the ASV belongs \---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- bacterial_taxonomy.csv: bacterial taxonomy information for ASVs in bacterial_community_data.csv, collected August 2021 \---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feature ID: ASV ID, corresponds with column in bacterial_community_data.csv Confidence: confidence in taxonomic identification Domain: kingdom to which the ASV belongs Phylum: phylum to which the ASV belongs Class: class to which the ASV belongs Order: order to which the ASV belongs Family: family to which the ASV belongs Genus: genus to which the ASV belongs Species: species to which the ASV belongs \---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fungal_taxonomy.csv: fungal taxonomy information for ASVs in fungal_community_data.csv, collected August 2021 \---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feature ID: ASV ID, corresponds with column in fungal_community_data.csv Confidence: confidence in taxonomic identification Kingdom: kingdom to which the ASV belongs Phylum: phylum to which the ASV belongs Class: class to which the ASV belongs Order: order to which the ASV belongs Family: family to which the ASV belongs Genus: genus to which the ASV belongs Species: species to which the ASV belongs ## Code/software R v. 4.4.2 packages: zCompositions, Vegan, lme4, emmeans, ALDEx2