cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g4437
title: Data from: Phenology differences between native and novel exotic-dominated grasslands rival the effects of climate change

description: 1. Novel ecosystems can differ from the native systems they replaced. We
 used phenology measures to compare ecosystem functioning between novel
 exotic-dominated and native-dominated grasslands in the central US. 2.
 Phenology, or timing of biological events, is affected by climate and land
 use changes. We assessed how phenology shifts are being altered by exotic
 species dominance by comparing remotely sensed Normalized Difference
 Vegetation Index (NDVI) within growing seasons at exotic- and
 native-dominated sites along a latitudinal gradient. Exotic species were
 dominated by the C3 species functional group in the north and the C4
 species functional group in the south. 3. Date of senescence was an
 average of 36 days later in exotic than native-dominated grasslands, and
 this effect was consistent across latitudes. 4. Exotic-dominated
 grasslands greened up an average of 10.7 days earlier than
 native-dominated grasslands, but this effect was highly dependent on
 latitude and the plant functional group that dominated at that latitude.
 Greenup differed between native and exotic sites the most in central and
 northern regions that had dominant C3 grasses. 5. We estimated the effects
 of an increase in global temperatures on green-up and senescence with a
 space-for-time substitution, and by comparing growing degree day
 differences between historical average temperatures and +2.5° C. Green-up
 was significantly earlier and senescence was significantly later with a
 2.5 ° C increase in temperature. The native-exotic difference was
 significantly greater than the difference due to increased temperature for
 senescence, but not for green-up. 6. Synthesis and applications. Native to
 exotic plant conversions in central US grasslands have led to highly
 altered phenology, especially in terms of senescence, and this effect
 should be considered along with global warming in models moving forward.
 This conversion will have to be considered in developing estimates of how
 global change will affect phenology in locations where exotics are
 present, especially in cases where their abundance is increasing
 concurrent with climate change. Global change models and policy should
 consider exotic species invasion as an additional widespread factor behind
 changes in phenology.
description: greenupGreenup dates in 21 native-dominated and 21 exotic-dominated grassland sites in the tallgrass prairie region of USAsenesceSenescence date for 21 native-dominated and 21 exotic-dominated sites.Greenup_NSVINDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) during the early part of the year for 21 native-dominated and 21 exotic-dominated sites.Senesce_NDVINDVI for later dates in the year for 21 native- and 21 exotic-dominated sites.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6qj2n
title: Data from: Relatively weak inbreeding depression in selfing but also in outcrossing populations of North American Arabidopsis lyrata

description: Hermaphroditic plants can potentially self-fertilise, but most possess
 adaptations that promote outcrossing. However, evolutionary transitions to
 higher selfing rates are frequent. Selfing comes with a transmission
 advantage over outcrossing, but self-progeny may suffer from inbreeding
 depression, which forms the main barrier to the evolution of higher
 selfing rates. Here, we assessed inbreeding depression in the North
 American herb Arabidopsis lyrata, which is normally self-incompatible,
 with a low frequency of self-compatible plants. However, a few populations
 have become fixed for self-compatibility and have high selfing rates.
 Under greenhouse conditions, we estimated mean inbreeding depression per
 seed (based on cumulative vegetative performance calculated as the product
 of germination, survival and aboveground biomass) to be 0.34 for six
 outcrossing populations, and 0.26 for five selfing populations. Exposing
 plants to drought and inducing defenses with jasmonic acid did not magnify
 these estimates. For outcrossing populations, however, inbreeding
 depression per seed may underestimate true levels of inbreeding
 depression, because self-incompatible plants showed strong reductions in
 seed set after (enforced) selfing. Inbreeding-depression estimates
 incorporating seed set averaged 0.63 for outcrossing populations (compared
 to 0.30 for selfing populations). However, this is likely an overestimate
 because exposing plants to 5% CO2 to circumvent self-incompatibility to
 produce selfed seed might leave residual effects of self-incompatibility
 that contribute to reduced seed set. Nevertheless, our estimates of
 inbreeding depression were clearly lower than previous estimates based on
 the same performance traits in outcrossing European populations of A.
 lyrata, which may help explain why selfing could evolve in North American
 A. lyrata.
description: raw_dataThis is the raw data used in the analysis of inbreeding depression in Arabidopsis lyrata for the paper: "Relatively weak inbreeding depression in selfing but also in outcrossing populations of North American Arabidopsis lyrata"
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j1305
title: Data from: The oxidative costs of reproduction are group-size dependent in a wild cooperative breeder

description: Life-history theory assumes that reproduction entails a cost, and research
 on cooperatively breeding societies suggests that the cooperative sharing
 of workloads can reduce this cost. However, the physiological mechanisms
 that underpin both the costs of reproduction and the benefits of
 cooperation remain poorly understood. It has been hypothesised that
 reproductive costs may arise in part from oxidative stress, as
 reproductive investment may elevate exposure to reactive oxygen species,
 compromising survival and future reproduction and accelerating senescence.
 However, experimental evidence of oxidative costs of reproduction in the
 wild remains scarce. Here, we use a clutch-removal experiment to
 investigate the oxidative costs of reproduction in a wild cooperatively
 breeding bird, the white-browed sparrow weaver, Plocepasser mahali. Our
 results reveal costs of reproduction that are dependent on group size:
 relative to individuals in groups whose eggs were experimentally removed,
 individuals in groups that raised offspring experienced an associated cost
 (elevated oxidative damage and reduced body mass), but only if they were
 in small groups containing fewer or no helpers. Furthermore, during
 nestling provisioning, individuals that provisioned at higher rates showed
 greater within-individual declines in body mass and antioxidant
 protection. Our results provide rare experimental evidence that
 reproduction can negatively impact both oxidative status and body mass in
 the wild, and suggest that these costs can be mitigated in cooperative
 societies by the presence of additional helpers. These findings have
 implications for our understanding of the energetic and oxidative costs of
 reproduction, and the benefits of cooperation in animal societies.
description: Experimental
 dataData from the
 clutch-removal experiment.DCRAM et al experiment
 dataset.xlsxData from provisioning
 observations (oxidative stress analysis)DCRAM et al provision
 dataset.xlsxData from provisioning
 observations (body mass analysis)DCRAM et al provision MASS
 dataset.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.94kq1
title: Data from: Competition drives the response of soil microbial diversity to increased grazing by vertebrate herbivores

description: Scientists have largely neglected the effects of grazing on soil microbial
 communities despite their importance as drivers of ecosystem functions and
 services. We hypothesised that changes in soil properties resulting from
 grazing regulate the diversity of soil microbes by releasing/suppressing
 subordinate microbial taxa via competition. To test this, we examined
 intensity of vertebrate herbivores influences the diversity and
 composition of soil bacteria and fungi at 216 soil samples from 54 sites
 and four microsites. Increasing grazing intensity reduced soil carbon,
 suppressing the dominant bacterial phylum Actinobacteria (indirectly
 promoting bacterial diversity) and increasing the dominant fungal phylum
 Ascomycetes (indirectly reducing fungal diversity). Our data provide novel
 evidence that grazing modulates the diversity and composition of soil
 microbes via increases or reductions in competition by dominant taxa. Our
 results suggest that grazing can potentially alter soil function by
 altering microbial community composition, providing a clear link between
 grazing management, carbon availability and ecosystem functions.
description: Dryad_Eldridge_EcologyThis file contains environmental data (soils, vegetation cover, aridity), information on grazing by different herbivores, soil enzyme concentrations, and richness and abundance of bacteria and fungi. These data are used in the Structural Equation Modelling in the manuscript. A metadata tab in the file describes the data columns in the data file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.08np6
title: Data from: Iterative evolution of increased behavioral variation characterizes the transition to sociality in spiders and proves advantageous

description: The evolution of group living is regarded as a major evolutionary
 transition and is commonly met with correlated shifts in ancillary
 characters. We tested for associations between social tendency and a
 myriad of abiotic variables and behavioral traits (e.g., boldness,
 activity level) in a clade of spiders that exhibit highly variable social
 structures.We found that social species tended to exhibit reduced
 aggressiveness towards prey, increased fearfulness towards predators,
 reduced activity levels, and occurred in warm, wet habitats with low wind
 velocities. Within-species variation in aggressiveness and boldness were
 greater in social species. We then assessed the functional consequences of
 within-species trait variation on reconstituted colonies of four species
 (A. eximius, A. rupununi, A. guacamayos, A. oritoyacu). We used colonies
 consisting of known ratios of docile versus aggressive individuals and
 group foraging success as a measure of colony performance.We found that
 groups composed of a mixture of docile and aggressive individuals
 outperformed monotypic groups: (1) mixed groups were more effective at
 subduing medium and large sized prey, and (2) mixed groups collectively
 gained more mass during shared feeding events. Our results suggest that
 the iterative evolution of depressed aggressiveness and increased
 within-species behavioral variation in social spiders is advantageous, and
 could be an adaptation to group living that is analogous to the formation
 of morphological castes within the social insects
description: Climate Data wo Costa
 Rican SpeciesMean trait values,
 standard errors, and climate date for each of our source populations and
 study speciesComparative Prey
 CaptureThe prey capture success
 (0=failure, 1=success), collective mass gain, and mass of each prey item,
 for each of three size classes of prey item (small, medium,
 large)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c5bf7
title: Data from: Tracking changes in chromosomal arrangements and their genetic content during adaptation

description: There is considerable evidence for an adaptive role of inversions, but how
 their genetic content evolves and affects the subsequent evolution of
 chromosomal polymorphism remains controversial. Here, we track how
 life-history traits, chromosomal arrangements and 22 microsatellites,
 within and outside inversions, change in three replicated populations of
 Drosophila subobscura for 30 generations of laboratory evolution since
 founding from the wild. The dynamics of fitness-related traits indicated
 adaptation to the new environment concomitant with directional evolution
 of chromosomal polymorphism. Evidence of selective changes in frequency of
 inversions was obtained for seven of 23 chromosomal arrangements,
 corroborating a role for inversions in adaptation. The evolution of
 linkage disequilibrium between some microsatellites and chromosomes
 suggested that adaptive changes in arrangements involved changes in their
 genetic content. Several microsatellite alleles increased in frequency
 more than expected by drift in targeted inversions in all replicate
 populations. In particular, there were signs of selection in the O3+4
 arrangement favouring a combination of alleles in two loci linked to the
 inversion and changing along with it, although the lack of linkage
 disequilibrium between these loci precludes epistatic selection. Seven
 other alleles increased in frequency within inversions more than expected
 by drift, but were not in linkage disequilibrium with them. Possibly these
 alleles were hitchhiking along with alleles under selection that were not
 specific to those inversions. Overall, the selection detected on the
 genetic content of inversions, despite limited coverage of the genome,
 suggests that genetic changes within inversions play an important role in
 adaptation.
description: Tracking changes in
 chromosomal arrangements_RawdataRaw data of chromosomal
 inversions and microsatellite at the individual level and mean phenotypic
 trait values per population used to evaluate the dynamics of these traits
 along colonization of a new environment.R script for detecting
 frequency changes not expected by genetic driftR script for detecting
 frequency changes not expected by genetic driftdrift.source.R
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2522c
title: Data from: Homogenization of dispersal ability across bird species in response to landscape change

description: Human land use is known to homogenize biotic communities, increasing
 similarity in their genetic, taxonomic and functional diversity.
 Explanations have focused almost exclusively on human-mediated extinction
 and range expansion. However, homogenization could also be produced by
 land use driving selection for similar traits across species. We propose a
 novel hypothesis to explain how human land use homogenizes dispersal
 ability across species. With habitat loss and increasing human land use
 intensities there should be larger increases in the costs of dispersal for
 dispersive than sedentary species, because dispersive species interact
 with non-habitat more frequently. In contrast, the benefits of dispersal
 should increase more for sedentary than dispersive species, because
 sedentary species are at greater risk from inbreeding depression,
 predation and competition associated with habitat loss. Therefore we
 predict that sedentary species become more dispersive in a human-altered
 landscape, and dispersive species more sedentary. We tested this
 prediction using wing pointedness to estimate the initial dispersal
 ability and change in dispersal ability for 21 North American passerines
 over the 20th century. More pointed wings are associated with stronger
 dispersal ability. Thus our prediction would be supported by a negative
 cross-species relationship between these two measurements. We found a
 strong, negative relationship, as predicted. This resulted in declines in
 the variability in wing pointedness among species over time. Although
 other things can cause wing shape to change, including changes in habitat
 availability, none of these explained the observed relationship. Our
 result provides the first evidence that human landscape alteration is
 homogenizing bird communities, driving selection for intermediate
 dispersal ability across species. It also implies that more dispersive
 species are more at-risk from human landscape use because, when rates of
 landscape alteration are faster than a species’ ability to adapt to that
 change, the costs of dispersal increase more for dispersive than sedentary
 species.
description: Data from:
 Homogenization of dispersal ability across bird species in response to
 landscape changeMartin_etal_2015_Oikos.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m184s
title: Data from: Long-term expansion of juniper populations in managed landscapes: patterns in space and time

description: 1. Forest cover has increased world-wide over the last decade despite
 continuous forest fragmentation. However, a lack of long-term demographic
 data hinders our understanding of the spatial dynamics of colonization in
 remnant populations inhabiting recently protected areas or set-aside rural
 lands. 2. We investigated the population expansion of the Phoenician
 juniper (Juniperus phoenicea subsp. turbinata), which is an endozoochorous
 Mediterranean tree species inhabiting landscapes that have been managed
 for many centuries. By combining the photointerpretation of aerial photos
 that have been taken over the last 50 years with in situ sampling and
 spatial analyses of replicated plots, we estimated the population growth
 over the chronosequence; identified hotspots, coldspots and outliers of
 regeneration; and assessed the roles of key environmental factors in
 driving demographic expansion patterns, including elevation, initial
 density and distance to remnant forests. 3. Ecological factors leading to
 seed limitation, such as initial plant density, are expected to drive
 colonization patterns at the early stages. Factors mediating the
 competition for limiting resources, such as water availability, would
 prevail at later stages of expansion. We further expect that nucleated
 colonization patterns emerge driven by vertebrate seed dispersal. 4. The
 photointerpretation of aerial images in combination with in situ
 measurements has yielded reliable density data. Overall, our results show
 a marked demographic expansion during the first decade followed by a
 period of steady and heterogeneous population growth with signs of local
 population decline. We found evidence of nucleated establishment patterns
 as expected for an endozoochorous species. Hotspots and outliers of
 regeneration emerged throughout the study chronosequence, whereas
 coldspots of regeneration only appeared at advanced colonization stages.
 Factors influencing dispersal limitation had contrasting effects at
 different colonization stages, and the initial density influenced
 population growth at various spatial scales. 5. Synthesis. The
 photointerpretation of aerial images shows that the influence of dispersal
 limitation versus factors mediating competitive responses changes
 throughout colonization stages. Whereas dispersal limitation is the main
 factor influencing colonization at early stages, competition for local
 resources controls population growth at later stages. Therefore, long-term
 studies are required to capture the overall combined influence of key
 ecological factors in shaping long-term spatial demographic trends.
description: Juniper woodland
 long-term spatial dynamicsFor each study subplot
 we report: i) ID; ii) associated PLOT; iii) time lag; iv) distance from
 the nearest woodland patch; v) spatial coordinates (X,Y); vi) initial
 density; and vii) density variation.9 Table S1
 DataSet.docx
DOI: 10.15468/dl.9jgbhw
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 981565 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Insecta",
 "Country is Japan",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 981565 records from 489 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000777-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1nd7372
title: Data from: Psychiatric disorders in C9orf72 kindreds: study of 1,414 family members

description: Objective: This study aimed to determine in a systematic manner if the
 C9orf72 phenotype might extend beyond frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and
 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to include psychiatric disease.
 Methods: A validated semi-structured family history interview was
 conducted in a large cohort of patients with FTD and ALS (n=89), with and
 without the C9orf72 expansion (n=29 and n=60 respectively) encompassing
 1,414 first and second-degree relatives. Statistical analyses employed
 both the hazard ratio (HR) and relative risk ratio (RR) to determine the
 risk profiles within families. Results: A significant hazard ratio (HR) of
 4.9 (95% CI: 1.9 - 13.9, p=0.003), confirmed a higher probability of
 developing schizophrenia for relatives of C9orf72 carriers compared to
 non-carriers. In total eight relatives of C9orf72 carriers experienced an
 episode of late-onset psychosis unrelated to schizophrenia, in comparison
 to one non-carrier (HR=17.9, 95% CI: 2.2, 143.2, p=0.007). The probability
 of suicide was also significantly higher for family members of C9orf72
 carriers (HR=2.7, 95% CI 1.2,6.2, p=0.02). A HR of 2.7 (95% CI: 1.1 - 6.9,
 p=0.03) indicated a higher probability for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
 in family members of C9orf72 carriers, and this risk extended to FTD.
 Furthermore, there was a positive association between psychosis in
 probands and mental health disorders including ASD in their family members
 (p=0.04). Conclusion: Overall the results from this study suggest that a
 psychiatric phenotype exists within C9orf72 kindreds, Further studies
 should attempt to delineate the risk for psychiatric disorders in C9orf72
 kindreds, to aid in clinical decision-making particularly regarding
 genetic counseling, through collaborations between neurology and
 psychiatry.
description: Psychiatric disorders in
 C9orf72 carriers and non-carriers - age of onset and
 survivalSupplementary Table 1:
 Age of onset (in years) of psychiatric disorders in C9orf72 carrier and
 non-carrier kindreds. Cox regression analysis hazard ratio (HR) with 95%
 confidence intervals (CI) shows effect of genetic status on survival in
 family members with psychiatric disorders.Supplementary table
 1.docxRisk for psychiatric
 disorders in C9orf72 FTD and ALS kindredsRates (first 2 columns)
 of psychiatric disorders in C9orf72 FTD and ALS kindreds, and risk for
 psychiatric disorders between kindreds of probands with C9orf72 FTD vs
 ALS. Hazard ratios (HR) represent the risk to relatives of developing
 psychiatric disorders with upper and lower confidence intervals (CI)
 displayed. Significant values are highlighted in bold.Supplementary Table
 2.docx
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xzh8hx
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 253 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Athenaea velutina",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 253 records from 43 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000814-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.