cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.87f03
title: Data from: A 12-week exercise program for pregnant women with obesity to improve physical activity levels: an open randomised preliminary study

description: Objective: To evaluate whether a 12-week supervised exercise program
 promotes an active lifestyle throughout pregnancy in pregnant women with
 obesity. Methods: In this preliminary randomised trial, pregnant women
 (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) were allocated to either standard care or
 supervised training, from 15 to 27 weeks of gestation. Physical activity
 was measured by accelerometry at 14, 28 and 36 weeks, while fitness
 (oxygen consumption (VO2) at the anaerobic threshold), nutrition (caloric
 intake and macronutrients percentage) and anthropometry were assessed at
 14 and 28 weeks of gestation. Analyses were performed using repeated
 measures ANOVA. Results: A total of fifty (50) women were randomised, 25
 in each group. There was no time-group interaction for time spent at
 moderate and vigorous activity (pinteraction = 0.064), but the exercise
 group’s levels were higher than controls’ at all times (pgroup effect =
 0.014). A significant time-group interaction was found for daily physical
 activity (p = 0.023); similar at baseline ((22.0 ± 6.7 vs 21.8 ± 7.3) x
 104 counts/day) the exercise group had higher levels than the control
 group following the intervention ((22.8 ± 8.3 vs 19.2 ± 4.5) x 104
 counts/day, p = 0.020) and at 36 weeks of gestation ((19.2 ± 1.5 vs 14.9 ±
 1.5) x 104 counts/day, p = 0.034). Exercisers also gained less weight than
 controls during the intervention period despite similar nutritional
 intakes (difference in weight change = -0.1 kg/week, 95% CI -0.2; -0.02, p
 = 0.016) and improved cardiorespiratory fitness (difference in fitness
 change = 8.1%, 95% CI 0.7; 9.5, p = 0.041). Conclusions: Compared with
 standard care, a supervised exercise program allows pregnant women with
 obesity to maintain fitness, limit weight gain and attenuate the decrease
 in physical activity levels observed in late pregnancy. Trial
 Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01610323.
description: Participants'
 dataDryad_data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jg8r0
title: Data from: Biotic and abiotic variables influencing plant litter breakdown in streams: a global study

description: Plant litter breakdown is a key ecological process in terrestrial and
 freshwater ecosystems. Streams and rivers, in particular, have high rates
 of carbon dioxide evasion and they contribute substantially to global
 carbon fluxes. However, there is little information available on the
 relative roles of different drivers of plant litter breakdown in fresh
 waters, particularly at large scales. We present a global-scale study of
 litter breakdown in streams to compare the roles of biotic, climatic and
 other environmental factors on breakdown rates. We conducted an experiment
 in 24 streams encompassing latitudes from 47.8ºN to 42.8ºS, using litter
 mixtures of local species differing in quality and phylogenetic diversity,
 and alder (Alnus glutinosa) to control for variation in litter traits. Our
 models revealed that breakdown of alder was driven by climate, with some
 influence of pH, while variation in breakdown of litter mixtures was
 explained mainly by litter quality and phylogenetic diversity. The
 influence of these litter variables and pH was modulated by temperature,
 indicating that different mechanisms may operate at different latitudes.
 These results reflect global variability caused by multiple factors, but
 unexplained variance points to the need for expanded global-scale
 comparisons.
description: Biotic and abiotic
 variables influencing plant litter breakdown in streams: a global
 studyLat, absolute decimal
 latitude; T, mean annual temperature (ºC); SLA, specific leaf area
 (cm2/g); PD, plant phylogenetic diversity; pH, stream pH; SW, stream width
 (cm); kmc, litter breakdown rate in coarse-mesh bags for litter mixtures;
 kmf, litter breakdown rate in fine-mesh bags for litter mixtures; kmd,
 detritivore-mediated litter breakdown rate for litter mixtures; kac,
 litter breakdown rate in coarse-mesh bags for alder; kaf, litter breakdown
 rate in fine-mesh bags for alder; kad, detritivore-mediated litter
 breakdown rate for alderBoyeroEtAl_ProceedingsB_data.xls
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18381558
title: Body and peri-personal space representations: insights and biomarkers from a novel Virtual Reality-based setting

description: This dataset contains raw data of the study participants's right hand trajectories while accomplishing reaching and grabbing movements toward 9 targets in 3 different conditions. Reaches toward the 9 targets were repeated 5 times. Such targets were 5-cm cubes placed on the right side of the participants placed in a 3x3 grid. Participants were required to reach for the cubes, grab them and drop them in a hole placed in the middle of the table, in correspondance of their sternum. The horizontal distance between the hole and the nearest cube was 15 cm; the distance between two cubes was 5 cm, both in the horizontal and the vertical direction. The entire grid covered an area of 25x25 cm.

The virtual exercise required the participant to: (i) wait for a specific cube in the grid to highlight in blue, (ii) reach for the highlighted cube, and (iii) grab it; (iv) transport the cube above the hole, and (v) release it. One trial consisted of the reach, grab, transport, and release of all nine cubes. The minimum time between two subsequent cube highlights was 4 seconds. If the participants ended the movement before the new cube was highlighted, they were instructed to wait with her/his hand still on the hole. To ease the participant, only the highlighted cube was interactable. 

Three different conditions were designed for carrying out the exercise, namely active, mirror, and inverted mirror. The first condition envisioned the exercise as it would be in real life: participants could see their avatar in 1st-person perspective (1PP) and the cubes placed on the table in front of them. The other two conditions introduced contextual modifiers of perception. In the first case, a mirror was placed in front of the participants' avatar, allowing them to observe their virtual bodies and the cubes in the mirror from a 3rd-person perspective (3PP). The view in 1PP was intentionally hidden. In the case of the inverted mirror condition, the view in 3PP was the same as in the mirror condition, but the image reflected by the mirror appeared non-reversed, i.e., symmetrically flipped on the vertical axis. 

The virtual environment used for this study was developed with Unity 2020.3.36f and deployed for the HTC Vive Pro Virtual Reality system. The interaction with virtual objects in the scene was achieved using data gloves without haptic feedback (MANUS Prime II) and implemented using the manufacturer-provided libraries. Hand movements in the 3D space were tracked by means of HTC Vive Trackers 2.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18381559
title: Body and peri-personal space representations: insights and biomarkers from a novel Virtual Reality-based setting

description: This dataset contains raw data of the study participants's right hand trajectories while accomplishing reaching and grabbing movements toward 9 targets in 3 different conditions. Reaches toward the 9 targets were repeated 5 times. Such targets were 5-cm cubes placed on the right side of the participants placed in a 3x3 grid. Participants were required to reach for the cubes, grab them and drop them in a hole placed in the middle of the table, in correspondance of their sternum. The horizontal distance between the hole and the nearest cube was 15 cm; the distance between two cubes was 5 cm, both in the horizontal and the vertical direction. The entire grid covered an area of 25x25 cm.

The virtual exercise required the participant to: (i) wait for a specific cube in the grid to highlight in blue, (ii) reach for the highlighted cube, and (iii) grab it; (iv) transport the cube above the hole, and (v) release it. One trial consisted of the reach, grab, transport, and release of all nine cubes. The minimum time between two subsequent cube highlights was 4 seconds. If the participants ended the movement before the new cube was highlighted, they were instructed to wait with her/his hand still on the hole. To ease the participant, only the highlighted cube was interactable. 

Three different conditions were designed for carrying out the exercise, namely active, mirror, and inverted mirror. The first condition envisioned the exercise as it would be in real life: participants could see their avatar in 1st-person perspective (1PP) and the cubes placed on the table in front of them. The other two conditions introduced contextual modifiers of perception. In the first case, a mirror was placed in front of the participants' avatar, allowing them to observe their virtual bodies and the cubes in the mirror from a 3rd-person perspective (3PP). The view in 1PP was intentionally hidden. In the case of the inverted mirror condition, the view in 3PP was the same as in the mirror condition, but the image reflected by the mirror appeared non-reversed, i.e., symmetrically flipped on the vertical axis. 

The virtual environment used for this study was developed with Unity 2020.3.36f and deployed for the HTC Vive Pro Virtual Reality system. The interaction with virtual objects in the scene was achieved using data gloves without haptic feedback (MANUS Prime II) and implemented using the manufacturer-provided libraries. Hand movements in the 3D space were tracked by means of HTC Vive Trackers 2.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j5bn2
title: Data from: Genetic diversity and population structure of wild/weedy eggplant (Solanum insanum L., Solanaceae) in southern India: implications for conservation

description: [No abstract entered]
description: Mutegi et al eggplant
 SSR dataAn excel file with
 microsatellite data for the 10 natural populations of wild/weedy eggplant
 (S. insanum) and the 3 cultivar populations studied. A sheet with metadata
 to describe the fields is included.Mutegi et al Eggplant
 data1.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.361gs
title: Data from: New insights into carbon acquisition and exchanges within the coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis under NH4+ and NO3- supply

description: Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment affects the biogeochemical cycles and
 nutrient stoichiometry of coastal ecosystems and is often associated with
 coral reef decline. However, the mechanisms by which dissolved inorganic
 nutrients, and especially nitrogen forms (ammonium versus nitrate) can
 disturb the association between corals and their symbiotic algae are
 subject to controversial debate. Here, we investigated the coral response
 to varying N : P ratios, with nitrate or ammonium as a nitrogen source. We
 showed significant differences in the carbon acquisition by the symbionts
 and its allocation within the symbiosis according to nutrient abundance,
 type and stoichiometry. In particular, under low phosphate concentration
 (0.05 µM), a 3 µM nitrate enrichment induced a significant decrease in
 carbon fixation rate and low values of carbon translocation, compared with
 control conditions (N : P = 0.5 : 0.05), while these processes were
 significantly enhanced when nitrate was replaced by ammonium. A combined
 enrichment in ammonium and phosphorus (N : P = 3 : 1) induced a shift in
 nutrient allocation to the symbionts, at the detriment of the host.
 Altogether, these results shed light into the effect of nutrient
 enrichment on reef corals. More broadly, they improve our understanding of
 the consequences of nutrient loading on reef ecosystems, which is urgently
 required to refine risk management strategies.
description: Data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hb349
title: Data from: Experimental manipulation of food availability leads to short-term intra-clutch adjustment in egg mass but not in yolk androgen or thyroid hormones

description: In birds, mothers can affect their offspring's phenotype and thereby
 survival via egg composition. It is not well known to what extent and
 time-scales environmental variation in resource availability, either via
 resource constrains or adaptive adjustment to predicted rearing
 conditions, influences maternal effects. We experimentally studied whether
 egg and yolk mass and yolk hormone levels respond to short-term changes in
 food availability during laying in wild great tits Parus major. Our
 treatment groups were: 1) food supplementation (mealworms) from the 1st
 until the last egg; 2) food supplementation from the 1st until the 5th
 egg, where the effect of cessation of the supplementary food treatment
 could also be studied; 3) no food supplementation (controls). We analysed
 both nutritional resources (egg, yolk and albumen mass), and the important
 developmental signals, yolk androgens (testosterone and androstenedione),
 and for the first time in a wild population, yolk thyroid hormones
 (thyroxine and 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine). Egg mass is a costly resource for
 females, androgens most likely non-costly signals, whereas thyroid
 hormones may be costly signals, requiring environmental iodine. In the
 food supplemented group egg, yolk and albumen mass increased rapidly
 relative to controls and when food supplementation was halted, egg and
 albumen mass decreased, indicating rapid responses to resource
 availability. Yolk androgen and thyroid hormone levels were not affected
 by food supplementation during laying. Thyroxine showed an increase over
 the laying sequence and its biological meaning needs further study. The
 rapid changes in egg mass to variation in within-clutch food availability
 suggest energetic/protein/nutrient constrains on egg formation. The lack
 of a response in yolk hormones suggest that perhaps in this species the
 short-term changes in resource availability during egg laying do not
 predict offspring rearing conditions, or (for thyroid hormones) do not
 cause systemic changes in circulating hormones, and hence do not affect
 maternal signaling.
description: Ruuskanen_data_10.1111_jav_00728
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.11733
title: Data from: Strong population genetic structure of an invasive species, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), in southern China

description: The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), was
 initially reported in China in the 1990s and is now considered one of the
 most successful invasive pests of palm plants in the country. A total of
 14 microsatellite loci and one mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit Ι
 (cox I) gene fragment were used to investigate the genetic characteristics
 and structure of R. ferrugineus in southern China. High levels of genetic
 differentiation among populations and significant correlations between
 genetic and geographical distances indicated an important role of
 geographical distance in the distribution of the RPW in southern China.
 High gene flow between Fujian and Taiwan province populations illustrated
 the increased effects of frequent anthropogenic activities on gene flow
 between them. Genetic similarity (i.e., haplotype similarity) indicated
 that RPW individuals from Taiwan and Fujian invaded from a different
 source than those from Hainan. To some extent, the genetic structure of
 the RPW in southern China correlated well with the geographic origins of
 this pest. We propose that geographical distance, anthropogenic activities
 and the biological attributes of this pest are responsible for the
 distribution pattern of the RPW in southern China. The phylogenetic
 analysis suggests that the most likely native sources of the RPW in
 southern China are India, the Philippines, and Vietnam.
description: SSR original data for
 RPW in southern ChinaSSR original
 data.xlsxCOI sequences for RPW in
 southern ChinaCOI
 sequeces.docx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8bt42
title: Data from: Social orienting in gaze leading: a mechanism for shared attention

description: Here, we report a novel social orienting response that occurs after
 viewing averted gaze. We show, in three experiments, that when a person
 looks from one location to an object, attention then shifts towards the
 face of an individual who has subsequently followed the person's gaze
 to that same object. That is, contrary to ‘gaze following’, attention
 instead orients in the opposite direction to observed gaze and towards the
 gazing face. The magnitude of attentional orienting towards a face that
 ‘follows’ the participant's gaze is also associated with
 self-reported autism-like traits. We propose that this gaze leading
 phenomenon implies the existence of a mechanism in the human social
 cognitive system for detecting when one's gaze has been followed, in
 order to establish ‘shared attention’ and maintain the ongoing
 interaction.
description: Summary data for each
 experimentExcel document with
 sheets for each Experiments 1-3, the individual differences analysis, and
 the three experiments mentioned briefly in the General Discussion. Each
 sheet gives the mean reaction time for each participant in each condition,
 and Age, Gender and (when collected) AQ score.RSPB-2015-1141
 Data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3cn644h
title: Data from: Reproductive effort and future parental competitive ability: a nest box removal experiment

description: The life history trade-off between current- and future reproduction is a
 theoretically well-established concept. However, empirical evidence for
 the occurrence of a fitness cost of reproduction is mixed. Evidence
 indicates that parents only pay a cost of reproduction when local
 competition is high. In line with this, recent experimental work on a
 small passerine bird, the Great tit (Parus major) showed that reproductive
 effort negatively affected the competitive ability of parents, estimated
 through competition for high quality breeding sites in spring. In the
 current study we further investigate the negative causal relationship
 between reproductive effort and future parental competitive ability, with
 the aim to quantify the consequences for parental fitness, when breeding
 sites are scarce. To this end, we 1) manipulated the family size of Great
 tit parents and 2) induced severe competition for nest boxes among the
 parents just before the following breeding season by means of a large
 scale nest box removal experiment. Parents increased their feeding effort
 in response to our family size manipulation and we successfully induced
 competition among the parents the following spring. Against our
 expectation, we found no effect of last season’s family size on the
 ability of parents to secure a scarce nest box for breeding. In previous
 years, if detected, the survival cost of reproduction was always paid
 after midwinter. In this year parents did pay a survival cost of
 reproduction before midwinter and thus before the onset of the experiment
 in early spring. Winter food availability during our study year was
 exceptionally low and thus competition in early winter may have been
 extraordinarily high. We hypothesize that differences in parental
 competitive ability due to their previous reproductive effort might have
 played a role, but before the onset of our experiment and resulted in the
 payment of the survival cost of reproduction.
description: Fokkema_et_al_2018_data_reprod_effort_and_comp_abilityThe datafile is an excel file containing 5 sheets with the data used for the article. Please read the accompanying text file 'README.txt' for more information on the datasets and the meaning of the columns.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.75180
title: Data from: Mutation rules and the evolution of sparseness and modularity in biological systems

description: Biological systems exhibit two structural features on many levels of
 organization: sparseness, in which only a small fraction of possible
 interactions between components actually occur; and modularity – the near
 decomposability of the system into modules with distinct functionality.
 Recent work suggests that modularity can evolve in a variety of
 circumstances, including goals that vary in time such that they share the
 same subgoals (modularly varying goals), or when connections are costly.
 Here, we studied the origin of modularity and sparseness focusing on the
 nature of the mutation process, rather than on connection cost or
 variations in the goal. We use simulations of evolution with different
 mutation rules. We found that commonly used sum-rule mutations, in which
 interactions are mutated by adding random numbers, do not lead to
 modularity or sparseness except for in special situations. In contrast,
 product-rule mutations in which interactions are mutated by multiplying by
 random numbers – a better model for the effects of biological mutations –
 led to sparseness naturally. When the goals of evolution are modular, in
 the sense that specific groups of inputs affect specific groups of
 outputs, product-rule mutations also lead to modular structure; sum-rule
 mutations do not. Product-rule mutations generate sparseness and
 modularity because they tend to reduce interactions, and to keep small
 interaction terms small.
description: The x,y problem -
 simulation codeWe provide a script
 file, a simulation file and an example for data analysis file.The code is
 written in Matlab.xy_problem.7zmatrix multiplication model - simulation codeWe provide a script file, simulation file and an example of output file.The code is written in Matlab.matrix_multiplication_model.7z
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.89jd5
title: Data from: Divergent sexual selection via male competition: ecology is key

description: Sexual selection and ecological differences are important drivers of
 speciation. Much research has focused on female choice, yet the role of
 male competition in ecological speciation has been understudied. Here, we
 test how mating habitats impact sexual selection and speciation through
 male competition. Using limnetic and benthic species of threespine
 stickleback fish, we find that different mating habitats select
 differently on male traits through male competition. In mixed habitat with
 both vegetated and open areas, selection favors two trait combinations of
 male body size and nuptial color: large with little color and small with
 lots of color. This matches what we see in reproductively isolated
 stickleback species, suggesting male competition could promote trait
 divergence and reproductive isolation. In contrast, when only open habitat
 exists selection favors one trait combination, large with lots of color,
 which would hinder trait divergence and reproductive isolation. Other
 behavioral mechanisms in male competition that might promote divergence,
 such as avoiding aggression with heterospecifics, are insufficient to
 maintain separate species. This work highlights the importance of mating
 habitats in male competition for both sexual selection and speciation.
description: mcomp-mainaggrredlendiffsmcompbytank