cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121325
title: Supplementary Material for: Cellular Scaling Rules for Primate Spinal Cords

description: The spinal cord can be considered a major sensorimotor interface between the body and the brain. How does the spinal cord scale with body and brain mass, and how are its numbers of neurons related to the number of neurons in the brain across species of different body and brain sizes? Here we determine the cellular composition of the spinal cord in eight primate species and find that its number of neurons varies as a linear function of cord length, and accompanies body mass raised to an exponent close to 1/3. This relationship suggests that the extension, mass and number of neurons that compose the spinal cord are related to body length, rather than to body mass or surface. Moreover, we show that although brain mass increases linearly with cord mass, the number of neurons in the brain increases with the number of neurons in the spinal cord raised to the power of 1.7. This faster addition of neurons to the brain than to the spinal cord is consistent with current views on how larger brains add complexity to the processing of environmental and somatic information.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121316
title: Supplementary Material for: Awareness of Memory Abilities in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Suspected Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment

description: <i>Aims:</i> To examine awareness of memory abilities by groups (healthy control, suspected dementia/mild cognitive impairment, MCI, and diagnosed dementia/MCI), and to describe group differences in the relationship between awareness and cognitive performance in a community sample. <i>Methods:</i> In a cross-sectional design, 183 subjects were evaluated in a community setting and categorized into 3 groups based on their cognitive performance and reported medical history. Awareness of memory abilities was quantified using a published anosognosia ratio (AR) comparing the estimated to the objective memory performance by subjects. Each group was further categorized into ‘overestimators’, ‘accurate estimators’, and ‘underestimators’ based on their AR scores. <i>Results:</i> The suspected and diagnosed dementia/MCI groups had significantly higher AR scores than the controls. The suspected group also had a significantly larger proportion (96.2%) of overestimators than the diagnosed (73.3%) and control groups (26.1%). Impaired awareness in overestimators of the suspected and diagnosed groups was correlated with deficits in executive function, language or global cognition. <i>Conclusion:</i> Impaired awareness of memory abilities was prevalent in community-dwelling older adults with suspected and diagnosed dementia or MCI. Those with suspected dementia or MCI were more likely to overestimate their memory abilities than their diagnosed counterparts, suggesting that limited awareness of deficits may hinder utilization of dementia diagnostic services.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121319
title: Supplementary Material for: Oxygen-Dependent Vasomotor Responses Are Conducted Upstream in the Mouse Cremaster Microcirculation

description: <i>Background:</i> A new method was evaluated where local changes in oxygen tension were induced in a tissue while being studied under a microscope in vivo. We tested whether hypoxic vasodilation and hyperoxic vasoconstriction in arterioles in striated muscle are being propagated upstream, and whether the endothelium and smooth muscle cell layers are necessary components in the signaling pathway. <i>Methods:</i> The study was performed in mouse cremaster muscle superfused with Krebs buffer. A section of the capillary bed was then superfused with human red blood cell suspension equilibrated with either 95% nitrogen or 95% oxygen, and 5% carbon dioxide. <i>Results:</i> The superfusions caused a 12.9 ± 2.4% (p &lt; 0.01) dilation and a 12.3 ± 2.7% (p &lt; 0.01) constriction of the supplying non-exposed arteriole. Vasomotor responses could be detected 1 mm upstream of the stimulation site. The responses to hypoxia and hyperoxia were not affected by inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthases by <i>L</i>-NAME. Damage to the wall of an intervening segment of the arteriole abolished upstream changes. <i>Conclusions:</i> The method is capable of changing the oxygen tension locally in a membranous tissue and elicits NO-independent local and upstream vasomotor responses. Upstream responses were transmitted by a conducted vascular response.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121322
title: Supplementary Material for: Association of Four Genetic Loci with Uric Acid Levels and Reduced Renal Function: The J-SHIPP Suita Study

description: <i>Background:</i> Recent genome-wide association studies have identified several genetic variants as susceptibility loci for serum uric acid (UA) levels. We also identified a common nonsense mutation, W258X, responsible for renal hypouricemia. Here, we investigated clinical implications of these genetic variants by cross-sectional and longitudinal genetic epidemiological analysis. <i>Methods:</i> The study enrolled 5,165 Japanese subjects aged 64 ± 12 years from the general population. Clinical parameters were obtained from the personal health records, evaluated at medical checkups. <i>Results:</i> Serum UA levels were significantly different between the SLC22A12 rs11231825 (CC/CT/TT: 4.5 ± 1.6, 5.0 ± 1.4, 5.3 ± 1.4 mg/dl; p = 7.6 × 10<sup>–20</sup>), SLC2A9 rs1014290 (TT/TG/GG: 4.9 ± 1.4, 5.1 ± 1.4, 5.3 ± 1.4 mg/dl; p = 3.1 × 10<sup>–11</sup>) and ABCG2 rs2231142 (TT/TG/GG: 5.3 ± 1.5, 5.2 ± 1.4, 5.1 ± 1.4 mg/dl; p = 2.0 × 10<sup>–5</sup>) genotypes. During 9.4 years of follow-up, 87 new cases of hyperuricemia were diagnosed. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified the accumulation of risk alleles as a significant determinant of future development of hyperuricemia (OR = 7.94; 95% CI: 1.97–53.6). In contrast, subjects with nonsense mutation predominantly showed lower UA levels (XX/XW/WW: 1.3 ± 1.7, 3.6 ± 1.0, 5.2 ± 1.4 mg/dl; p = 9.3 × 10<sup>–82</sup>). However, these subjects showed significantly reduced renal function (β = –0.111; p &lt; 0.001) independently of possible covariates. <i>Conclusion:</i> Accumulation of risk genotypes was an independent risk factor for future development of hyperuricemia. Genetically developed hypouricemia was an independent risk factor for decreased renal function.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121316.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Awareness of Memory Abilities in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Suspected Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment

description: <i>Aims:</i> To examine awareness of memory abilities by groups (healthy control, suspected dementia/mild cognitive impairment, MCI, and diagnosed dementia/MCI), and to describe group differences in the relationship between awareness and cognitive performance in a community sample. <i>Methods:</i> In a cross-sectional design, 183 subjects were evaluated in a community setting and categorized into 3 groups based on their cognitive performance and reported medical history. Awareness of memory abilities was quantified using a published anosognosia ratio (AR) comparing the estimated to the objective memory performance by subjects. Each group was further categorized into ‘overestimators’, ‘accurate estimators’, and ‘underestimators’ based on their AR scores. <i>Results:</i> The suspected and diagnosed dementia/MCI groups had significantly higher AR scores than the controls. The suspected group also had a significantly larger proportion (96.2%) of overestimators than the diagnosed (73.3%) and control groups (26.1%). Impaired awareness in overestimators of the suspected and diagnosed groups was correlated with deficits in executive function, language or global cognition. <i>Conclusion:</i> Impaired awareness of memory abilities was prevalent in community-dwelling older adults with suspected and diagnosed dementia or MCI. Those with suspected dementia or MCI were more likely to overestimate their memory abilities than their diagnosed counterparts, suggesting that limited awareness of deficits may hinder utilization of dementia diagnostic services.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121319.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Oxygen-Dependent Vasomotor Responses Are Conducted Upstream in the Mouse Cremaster Microcirculation

description: <i>Background:</i> A new method was evaluated where local changes in oxygen tension were induced in a tissue while being studied under a microscope in vivo. We tested whether hypoxic vasodilation and hyperoxic vasoconstriction in arterioles in striated muscle are being propagated upstream, and whether the endothelium and smooth muscle cell layers are necessary components in the signaling pathway. <i>Methods:</i> The study was performed in mouse cremaster muscle superfused with Krebs buffer. A section of the capillary bed was then superfused with human red blood cell suspension equilibrated with either 95% nitrogen or 95% oxygen, and 5% carbon dioxide. <i>Results:</i> The superfusions caused a 12.9 ± 2.4% (p &lt; 0.01) dilation and a 12.3 ± 2.7% (p &lt; 0.01) constriction of the supplying non-exposed arteriole. Vasomotor responses could be detected 1 mm upstream of the stimulation site. The responses to hypoxia and hyperoxia were not affected by inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthases by <i>L</i>-NAME. Damage to the wall of an intervening segment of the arteriole abolished upstream changes. <i>Conclusions:</i> The method is capable of changing the oxygen tension locally in a membranous tissue and elicits NO-independent local and upstream vasomotor responses. Upstream responses were transmitted by a conducted vascular response.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121313
title: Supplementary Material for: Supportive Therapie bei schizophrenen Störungen

description: Nach der empirischen Absicherung der Wirksamkeit Kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) bei schizophrenen Psychosen stellt sich zunehmend die Frage nach den Wirkmechanismen. In diesem Zusammenhang spielt die supportive Therapie (ST) eine bedeutsame Rolle als unspezifische Kontrollbedingung. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt den derzeitigen Stand der Forschung zur ST bei schizophrenen Störungen dar. Heterogene Definitionen von ST führen dabei zu schwer vergleichbaren Ergebnissen. Eine Theorie möglicher Wirkmechanismen von ST wird erläutert und die Moderator- oder Mediatorfunktion der therapeutischen Beziehung diskutiert. Aufbauend auf der Darstellung der Wirkmechanismen werden eine eigene Konzeption der ST sowie erste Ergebnisse zur Rolle der therapeutischen Allianz aus einer laufenden Studie zu Psychotherapie bei psychotischen Symptomen vorgestellt.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121304
title: Supplementary Material for: Delayed Osteoprogenitor Differentiation in Cleft-Palate Models

description: Failure of palatal shelf fusion results in cleft palate (CP) and may lead to malformation of palatal bones and undergrowth of the maxilla. It is not known whether defects in bone formation may contribute to this phenotype. We tested the hypothesis that impaired fusion of developing palatal shelves affects palatal bone development using palate organotypic cultures. Using two different approaches, we show that induction of cleft results in increased expression of pre-osteoblast and early osteoblast markers, <i>Twist1</i>, <i>Snai1</i> and <i>Runx2</i>, and decreased expression of more mature markers of bone differentiation, <i>collagen-1</i> and <i>osteopontin</i>, indicating delayed osteoblast differentiation in CPs. This, together with the increase in immature osteoblasts and proliferation observed in non-fused palatal shelves, suggests that palatal osteoblast differentiation is at least partly modulated by shelf fusion. Delayed osteoblast differentiation may therefore contribute to defects in gross morphology and function of the maxilla in CP patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121310
title: Supplementary Material for: Food Allergy in Ghanaian Schoolchildren: Data on Sensitization and Reported Food Allergy

description: <i>Background:</i> Epidemiological data on food allergy are scarce in African countries. We studied the prevalence of food sensitization in Ghanaian schoolchildren. <i>Methods:</i> Children (5–16 years; n = 1,714) from 9 Ghanaian schools were given parental consent to participate in the study. Adverse reactions and food consumption were determined by a questionnaire and atopy by skin prick testing (SPT) to peanut and 6 fruits. Subjects with positive SPTs were considered cases (n = 43) and matched with at least 1 control (n = 84), using age, sex, and school as matching criteria. Serum samples from case-control sets were analyzed for specific IgE (sIgE) to foods that elicited a positive SPT response in cases. <i>Results:</i> Overall, 11% of 1,407 children reported adverse reactions to foods, and 5% of 1,431 children showed a positive SPT reaction mostly directed against peanut and pineapple (both 2%). Although there was a positive association between adverse reactions and SPT responses to any food allergen in the urban children (adjusted OR = 3.6, 95% CI 1.2–10.8), most of the reported adverse reactions were not in children showing an SPT reaction to the specific food item. sIgE sensitization was very variable for the different foods, ranging from 0 to 100% in cases, and from 0 to 25% among controls. High IgE levels for a food item significantly increased the risk of SPT positivity to any food item in the urban, but not in the rural, schoolchildren. <i>Conclusions:</i> Specific foods were identified to be allergenic in Ghana. We show a good association between SPT and sIgE in urban, but not in rural, schoolchildren. However, there was no clear association between reported adverse reactions to food and SPT or sIgE.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121298
title: Supplementary Material for: Evaluation of Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Prostate Cancer after Treatment with Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy and Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy

description: <i>Aim:</i> The aims of this study were to evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and make the treatment decision less difficult. <i>Methods:</i> Between 2007 and 2009 radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) was performed in 96 patients and permanent prostate brachytherapy (PPB) in 88 patients at our hospital. The general and disease-specific HRQOL was measured using two instruments, the Medical Outcome Study 8-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-8) and the expanded prostate index composite (EPIC). <i>Results:</i> Comparing RRP and PPB, there were significant differences in all scores except for general health in the 1st month after treatment which had the same score in both groups. The baseline quality of life scores in physical function (p &lt; 0.05), physical role (p &lt; 0.01), social functioning (p &lt; 0.01), emotional role (p &lt; 0.01) and mental health (p &lt; 0.01) showed significant differences between the group and were better in the PPB group than in the RRP group. The physical component summary score in the PPB group was better than in the RRP group in the 1st month (p &lt; 0.01) but recovered up to 3 months in the RRP group. The urinary bother and irritative/obstructive scores in the 1st month were worse from baseline in both groups (p &lt; 0.05) and remained significantly worse up to 6 months in the PPB group than in the RRP group where these scores recovered within3 months. The urinary incontinence score in the RRP group was still worse than in the PPB group up to 12 months (p &lt; 0.01). Bowel function and bother were significantly better in the RRP group at 3 (p &lt; 0.05) and 6 months (p &lt; 0.01) than in the PPB group where bowel function at 12 months was worse than at baseline and in the RRP group. Sexual function (p &lt; 0.01) and sexual bother were better in the PPB group and did not change until 12 months. <i>Conclusion:</i> The difference in disease-specific quality of life has become clearer using EPIC. As with other published studies, our results provide important information that will therefore be useful for selecting the optimal treatments for localized prostate cancer.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121301
title: Supplementary Material for: Oligoarray (105K) CGH Analysis of Chromosome Microdeletions within 10q22.1q24.32

description: To populate the chromosome 10 genetic landscape with clinical correlations we describe 3 non-overlapping, nearly contiguous deletions within chromosome 10q22.1q24.32. Three cases were studied by oligoarray comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), cytogenetics, and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization. The array CGH showed de novo deletions: arr 10q22.1q22.2(74,115,795–77,077,025)×1dn, arr 10q22.3q23.2(81,437,039–89,144,374)×1dn and arr 10q23.33q24.32(94,894,780–103,144,781)×1dn. Developmental delay, speech impairment and growth retardation were observed in all 3 patients. Facial palsy and renal dysplasia were the other notable findings. The renal dysplasia was ascribed to the loss of a <i>PAX2</i> gene in the 10q23.33q24.32 deletion patient (OMIM *167409). The facial palsy was seen in the case with a deletion of 10q22.1q22.2. One of three 10q22.3q23.2 deletions involved low copy repeats. We have described the phenotype specific to the chromosome region involved within 10q22.1–q24.32. The oligoarray analysis improved the clinical management of the patients and enabled counseling for deleted genes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121307
title: Supplementary Material for: Microarray Analysis of Irradiated Growth Plate Zones following Laser Microdissection Shows Later Importance of Differentially Expressed Genes during Radiorecovery

description: <i>Purpose:</i> Potential targets for selective radiorecovery modulation were investigated via the identification of late upregulated genes and pathways during growth plate chondrocyte recovery. <i>Methods and Materials:</i> Three groups of six 5-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent fractionated irradiation to the right tibiae over 5 days totaling 17.5 Gy and were then killed at 7, 11, and 16 days following the first radiotherapy fraction. The growth plates were collected from the proximal tibiae bilaterally and subsequently underwent laser microdissection to separate reserve, perichondral, proliferative, and hypertrophic zones. Differential gene expression was analyzed between irradiated right and nonirradiated left tibiae using RAE230 2.0 GeneChip microarray, compared between zones and time points, and subjected to functional pathway cluster analysis with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm selected results. <i>Results:</i> The reserve zone showed the greatest number of differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways: 259 and 134, respectively. Differentially expressed genes included: Timp3, Gpx1, Gas6, Notch2, VEGF, and HIF-1. Enriched pathways included the developmental processes of regeneration, antiapoptosis, developmental growth, tissue regeneration, mesenchymal cell proliferation, negative regulation of immune response, and determination of symmetry. The reserve zone late upregulation of genes was validated using real-time PCR for Mgp, Gas6, and Eef1a1. <i>Conclusions:</i> A significant difference in late upregulated genes between growth plate zones exists. The reserve zone shows the greatest change, containing a 10-fold increase in the total number of genes differentially expressed between days 7 and 16. These findings suggest that reserve zone chondrocytes may play a later role in growth plate recovery response following irradiation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121301.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Oligoarray (105K) CGH Analysis of Chromosome Microdeletions within 10q22.1q24.32

description: To populate the chromosome 10 genetic landscape with clinical correlations we describe 3 non-overlapping, nearly contiguous deletions within chromosome 10q22.1q24.32. Three cases were studied by oligoarray comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), cytogenetics, and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization. The array CGH showed de novo deletions: arr 10q22.1q22.2(74,115,795–77,077,025)×1dn, arr 10q22.3q23.2(81,437,039–89,144,374)×1dn and arr 10q23.33q24.32(94,894,780–103,144,781)×1dn. Developmental delay, speech impairment and growth retardation were observed in all 3 patients. Facial palsy and renal dysplasia were the other notable findings. The renal dysplasia was ascribed to the loss of a <i>PAX2</i> gene in the 10q23.33q24.32 deletion patient (OMIM *167409). The facial palsy was seen in the case with a deletion of 10q22.1q22.2. One of three 10q22.3q23.2 deletions involved low copy repeats. We have described the phenotype specific to the chromosome region involved within 10q22.1–q24.32. The oligoarray analysis improved the clinical management of the patients and enabled counseling for deleted genes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121304.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Delayed Osteoprogenitor Differentiation in Cleft-Palate Models

description: Failure of palatal shelf fusion results in cleft palate (CP) and may lead to malformation of palatal bones and undergrowth of the maxilla. It is not known whether defects in bone formation may contribute to this phenotype. We tested the hypothesis that impaired fusion of developing palatal shelves affects palatal bone development using palate organotypic cultures. Using two different approaches, we show that induction of cleft results in increased expression of pre-osteoblast and early osteoblast markers, <i>Twist1</i>, <i>Snai1</i> and <i>Runx2</i>, and decreased expression of more mature markers of bone differentiation, <i>collagen-1</i> and <i>osteopontin</i>, indicating delayed osteoblast differentiation in CPs. This, together with the increase in immature osteoblasts and proliferation observed in non-fused palatal shelves, suggests that palatal osteoblast differentiation is at least partly modulated by shelf fusion. Delayed osteoblast differentiation may therefore contribute to defects in gross morphology and function of the maxilla in CP patients.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5121295
title: Supplementary Material for: Streptococcal Inhibitor of Complement Promotes Innate Immune Resistance Phenotypes of Invasive M1T1 Group A <i>Streptococcus</i>

description: Streptococcal inhibitor of complement (SIC) is a highly polymorphic extracellular protein and putative virulence factor secreted by M1 and M57 strains of group A <i>Streptococcus</i> (GAS). The <i>sic</i> gene is highly upregulated in invasive M1T1 GAS isolates following selection of mutations in the <i>covR/S</i> regulatory locus in vivo<i>.</i> Previous work has shown that SIC (allelic form 1.01) binds to and inactivates complement C5b67 and human cathelicidin LL-37. We examined the contribution of SIC to innate immune resistance phenotypes of GAS in the intact organism, using (1) targeted deletion of <i>sic</i> in wild-type and animal-passaged (<i>covS</i> mutant) M1T1 GAS harboring the <i>sic 1.84</i> allele and (2) heterologous expression of <i>sic</i> in M49 GAS, which does not possess the <i>sic</i> genein its genome. We find that M1T1 SIC production is strongly upregulated upon <i>covS</i> mutation but that the <i>sic</i> gene is not required for generation and selection of <i>covS</i> mutants in vivo. SIC 1.84 bound both human and murine cathelicidins and was necessary and sufficient to promote <i>covS</i> mutant M1T1 GAS resistance to LL-37, growth in human whole blood and virulence in a murine model of systemic infection. Finally, the <i>sic</i> knockout mutant M1T1 GAS strain was deficient in growth in human serum and intracellular macrophage survival. We conclude that SIC contributes to M1T1 GAS immune resistance and virulence phenotypes.