cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15482/usda.adc/25464097.v1
title: Central Grasslands Research Extension Center (North Dakota) patch-burning and grazing management

description: These data are the result of a four-year (2017-2020) study comparing rangeland forage and cattle responses across three grazing management practices in central North Dakota. In each season, cow-calf pairs grazed on n = 4 pastures for each grazing management practice: <i>Patch burned</i>, in which a 40-ac patch of 160-ac pastures were burned with prescribed fire each spring with no internal fences; <i>Continuous</i>, in which neither prescribed fire nor internal fences were used; and <i>Rotational</i>, in which 40-ac pastures were sub-divided into 4 paddocks each with no prescribed fire. The data were primarily managed by Megan Wanchuk in support of her Master's thesis: Wanchuk, MR. 2022. <i>Patch-Burning Improves Forage Nutritive Value and Livestock Performance over Rotational and Continuous Grazing Strategies</i> (Master's Thesis, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota).
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7sk8s08
title: Data from: Ecological constraints associated with genome size across salamander lineages

description: Salamanders have some of the largest, and most variable, genome sizes
 amongst the vertebrates. Larger genomes have been associated with larger
 cell sizes, lower metabolic rates, and longer embryonic and larval
 durations in many different taxonomic groups. These life history traits
 are often important for dictating fitness under different environmental
 conditions, suggesting that a species’ genome size may have the potential
 to constrain their ecological distribution. We test how genome size varies
 with the ephemerality of larval habitat across the salamanders, predicting
 that species with larger genomes will be constrained to more permanent
 habitats that permit slower development, while species with smaller
 genomes will be more broadly distributed across the gradient of habitat
 ephemerality. We found that salamanders with larger genomes are almost
 exclusively associated with permanent aquatic habitats. In addition, the
 evolutionary transition rate between permanent and ephemeral larval
 habitats is much higher in salamander lineages with smaller genome sizes.
 These patterns suggest that genome size may act as an evolutionary
 constraint on the ecological habits of salamanders, restricting those
 species with large genomes and slower development to habitats with
 permanent sources of water.
description: Lertzman-Lepofsky et
 al_master dataThis file contains all
 of the data used in our analysis (species names, species and genus mean
 genome size, whether the species has been sorted into the large or small
 genome size subset tree, and the ephemerality index).Lertzman-Lepofsky et
 al_AnalysisThis is the R code
 necessary to run our analyses.Lertzman-Lepofsky et
 al_Genome size dataGenome size data used in
 analysis.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fp15517
title: Data from: Comparative morphometry as a diagnostic tool applied to species delimitation in the genus Gastridium P. Beauv. (Poaceae)

description: A comparative study of the closely related species of the genus Gastridium
 (Poaceae, Tribe: Poeae, Subtribe: Agrostidinae), G. ventricosum, G.
 phleoides, and G. scabrum was assessed based on a critical examination of
 both fresh and dried specimens, including relevant material, and a
 morphometric analysis of herbarium specimens collected in Italy. The study
 aimed to provide new diagnostic tools to improve the taxonomy of the genus
 and confirm species delimitation. Thus, variation in floral morphology in
 the three species was further explored using seven quantitative and ten
 qualitative characters measured on 318 spikelets, both awned and unawned.
 Statistical methods, including principal components analysis (PCA) and
 non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), were used. Numerical analyses
 showed a general distinctness of spikelets and florets, consistent with
 the three studied species, and revealed among and within species variation
 patterns in between‐ both spikelet types. Accordingly, the most
 informative quantitative characters appeared to be the width and length of
 glumes and the length of awns, useful to distinguish G. phleoides with the
 substantially narrowest glumes and the significantly higher length of awns
 from the others, especially from G. scabrum, in which the width of glumes
 reaches the highest value. The most informative qualitative characters
 appeared to be the presence/absence of thick hairs or minute tubercles on
 the upper side of the lemma. The autonomy of the three studied species was
 confirmed. The taxonomic significance of the results was briefly
 discussed, and notes on the species dispersal were added. Some
 nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on G. scabrum, of which literature still
 showed evidence of a general unawareness, were given.
description: Gastridium specimems
 from UTV herbariumnineteen high resolution
 images of as many voucher specimens from UTV Herbariom (Viterbo,
 Italy)Gastridium specimens from UTV
 herbarium.rar
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t7g227h
title: Data from: Gliding dragons and flying squirrels: diversifying versus stabilizing selection on morphology following the evolution of an innovation

description: Evolutionary innovations and ecological competition are factors often
 cited as drivers of adaptive phenotypic diversification. Yet many
 innovations result in stabilizing rather than diversifying selection on
 morphology, and morphological disparity among co-existing species can
 reflect competitive exclusion (species sorting) rather than sympatric
 adaptive divergence (character displacement). We studied the innovation of
 gliding in dragons (Agamidae) and squirrels (Sciuridae) and its effect on
 subsequent body size diversification. We found gliding either had no
 impact (squirrels) or resulted in strong stabilizing selection on body
 size (dragons). Despite this constraining force on dragons, sympatric
 gliders exhibited greater disparity in size compared to allopatric
 gliders. This seems unlikely to have occurred via species sorting and is
 more consistent with ecological competition changing the adaptive
 landscape of body size evolution to induce character displacement. These
 results show that innovations do not necessarily instigate further
 differentiation among species as so often assumed, and suggest competition
 has the potential to be a powerful force generating morphological
 divergence among co-existing species, even in the face of strong
 stabilizing selection.
description: Supplementary tables of
 data used in publication Table S1: Data and
 sources for Agamidae maximum snout-vent length. Table S2: Data and
 sources for Agamidae mean snout-vent length and mean mass.
 Table S3: Data
 and sources for Sciuridae body length and mass. Table S4: Data and
 sources for Agamidae lifestyle categories. Table S5: Data and
 sources for Sciuridae lifestyle categories. Table S6: Data and
 sources for <em>Draco</em> location species lists and
 subsequent allopatry/sympatry categorisation. Table S7: Species and
 GenBank accession numbers used in the construction of the Agamidae
 phylogeny.  Table S8: Species and
 GenBank accession numbers used in the construction of the Sciuridae
 phylogeny. Ord_etal58647R3_tableS1-S8.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.34g9b66
title: Data from: Simulated heatwave conditions associated with global warming affect development and competition between hyperparasitoids

description: Anthropogenic global warming and attendant effects like heatwaves affect
 the biology and ecology of both individuals and species within and across
 different trophic levels. Here, we examined the effects of a simulated
 heatwave on development of and competition between two hyperparasitoid
 wasps, Lysibia nana and Acrolyta nens when attacking the same host,
 cocoons of the primary parasitoid, Cotesia glomerata. Parasitized hosts
 were exposed to three different day and night temperature regimes (low,
 medium and high) that reflect cool, normal and heatwave conditions in the
 Netherlands. We found that higher temperatures decreased survival to
 eclosion more strongly in the hyperparasitoids than in their host.
 Heatwave conditions also shortened development time and led to the
 production of smaller adult wasps of both hyperparasitoid species in
 singly parasitized hosts. In multiparasitized hosts, L. nana won most of
 the contests when it oviposited first, irrespective of the time interval
 between the first and second parasitism, whereas A. nens only dominated
 when it had a 24 h head start or longer. Most importantly, our results
 show that L. nana in particular benefited in competition at higher
 temperatures, perhaps due to an increase in the metabolic rate and more
 rapid egg and/or larval development. This may potentially reduce
 opportunities for coexistence following heat waves. Our results suggest
 that heatwaves associated with global warming will enhance the rate of
 development, but negatively affect survival and other fitness‐related
 traits in (hyper)parasitoids. Moreover, the outcome of larval competition
 may be determined via physiological responses that are species‐specific
 and thus influence phenology.
description: Cotesia control +
 intrinsic competitionIntrinsic
 competition.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tf80pd8
title: Data from: Damage to artificial seedlings across a disturbed Afromontane forest landscape

description: Seedling mortality is an important demographic bottleneck for forest
 regeneration, yet the factors influencing recruitment are often poorly
 characterised across space and time. In African highlands, where extensive
 patches of previously disturbed forests remain in persistent
 shrub-dominated states, patterns of damage to seedlings have not been
 examined in detail. We used artificial seedlings to determine how
 (non-herbivory related) damage varies across a fragmented forest landscape
 in the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda. A total of 848
 artificial seedlings were established in 106 plots, each with 8 seedlings,
 across a gradient of environmental factors, including habitat type,
 topographic position, distance to water, and distance to human activity.
 We divided damage into that due to vertebrates, plant debris, and unknown
 agents. From our 16,960 monthly stem assessments, 1,289 damage events were
 recorded. The mean “seedling” damage per year (± 1 SE) was 59.5 ± 2.3%.
 Damage was significantly more frequent in sites dominated by short herbs
 (66.1 ± 3.0) than in sites dominated by shrubs (60.1 ± 2.6) and ferns
 (47.9 ± 2.7). The mean percentage of damage by each class of agents was
 45.8 ± 2.1% for vertebrates, 21.4 ± 2.1% for plant debris, and 3.8 ± 0.6%
 for unknown agents. These rates surpass those reported in other montane
 forests, likely reflecting the density of large vertebrates in our site.
 Our results indicate that most damage to artificial seedlings arises from
 large vertebrates but that most spatial variation in this damage reflects
 the impacts of falling plant debris. These damage processes appear
 sufficient to constrain the regeneration of tree species in areas where
 forest cover is patchy and fragmented.
description: Data_Ssali_et.al_2019_Biotropica
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f01pr47
title: Data from: nlstimedist: an R package for the biologically meaningful quantification of unimodal phenology distributions

description: Phenological investigation can provide valuable insights into the
 ecological effects of climate change. Appropriate modelling of the time
 distribution of phenological events is key to determining the nature of
 any changes, as well as the driving mechanisms behind those changes. Here
 we present the nlstimedist R package, a distribution function and
 modelling framework that describes the temporal dynamics of unimodal
 phenological events. The distribution function is derived from first
 principles and generates three biologically interpretable parameters.
 Using seed germination at different temperatures as an example, we show
 how the influence of environmental factors on a phenological process can
 be determined from the quantitative model parameters. The value of this
 model is its ability to represent various unimodal temporal processes
 statistically. The three intuitively meaningful parameters of the model
 can make useful comparisons between different time periods, geographical
 locations or species’ populations, in turn allowing exploration of
 possible causes.
description: Puya germination trials
 on a temperature gradientDaily proportions of
 Puya raimondii seeds germinated at 12 temperatures from 8.4 to 23.7°C. At
 each temperature 200 seeds were sown. x = days from start of trial, other
 columns represent the changing proportion of seeds germinated at each
 temperature. This data arrangement is ideal for analysis with the
 nlstimedist R package, which provides biologically meaningful
 quantification of unimodal phenology distributions.PuyaGermination.csvR script for analysis of Puya raimondii germination trials on a temperature gradientBasic R script to load relevant libraries, import data file, and fit models for each temperature.Puya Germination R script.RCRAN - nlstimedist package
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5888cm4
title: Data from: Environmentally relevant concentrations of bifenthrin affect the expression of estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors in brains of female western mosquitofish

description: In recent decades, pyrethroid pesticides have been deemed a safer
 alternative to previously used pesticides. While some evidence supports
 this assumption in mammals and birds, exposure to certain pyrethroids can
 affect concentrations of hormones vital to reproduction in fish. Thus, we
 hypothesized that pyrethroid exposure impacts fish reproductive behavior
 and the expression of genes associated with reproduction. We tested our
 hypothesis by examining effects of the widely used pyrethroid pesticide,
 bifenthrin, on the reproductive behaviors of the broadly distributed
 livebearing western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis. We exposed sexually
 mature female fish to one of five environmentally relevant concentrations
 of bifenthrin and conducted behavioral assays to assess reproductive,
 social, and space use behaviors before and after exposure. We did not
 detect changes in behaviors measured in response to bifenthrin. However,
 exposure was associated with increased expression of an estrogen receptor
 gene (ER-α) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in brain tissue at bifenthrin
 concentrations at concentrations of 5.90 and 24.82 ng/L, and 5.90 and
 12.21 ng/L, respectively. Our study supports the perspective that the use
 of multiple endpoints through integrative approaches is essential for
 understanding the cumulative impact of pollutants. Integrating
 physiological, morphological, and behavioral investigations of nonlethal
 concentrations of pollutants like bifenthrin may heighten our potential to
 predict their impact on individuals, populations, and communities.
description: delta Ct values for
 focal genesThis file contains Delta
 Ct values for gene expression used in subsequent analysis. Each row
 represents one individual fish, "Treatment" indicates the
 measured concentration of bifenthrin in each treatment group. Gcliv -
 indicates glucocorticoid receptor (liver), ChorLliv - indicates
 Choriogenin L receptor (liver), VtgCliv - indicates Vitellogenin C
 (liver), Erabrn - indicates Estrogen receptor alpha (brain), Arabrn -
 indicates Androgen receptor (brain), Cyp19brn indicates Cyp19 receptor
 (brain), GCbrn - indicates Glucocorticoid receptor (brain), NS1brn -
 indicates neuroserpin 1 receptor (brain).Mate Choice
 DataTime spent with male
 Gambusia affinis in mate choice test. All times are in
 seconds.sociality and movement
 dataData related to
 sociality test and space use.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.20j3v31
title: Data from: Scale-dependent strategies for coexistence of mesocarnivores in human-dominated landscapes

description: Identifying factors influencing the distribution of, and interactions
 within carnivore communities is important for understanding how they are
 affected by human activities. Species differ in their ability to adapt to
 humans depending on their degree of specialization in habitat use and
 feeding habits. This results in asymmetric changes in the ecology of
 co-occurring species that can influence their interactions. We
 investigated whether human infrastructures and free-ranging domestic dogs
 (a species typically associated with humans) influenced the co-occurrence
 and habitat use of mesocarnivores in a landscape of high human population
 density in Maharashtra, India. We used 40 camera trap locations during 233
 trapping nights and used Bayesian co-occurrence occupancy models to
 investigate the habitat use and coexistence of species at different
 spatial scales. Additionally, we investigated their temporal overlap in
 space use. Indian foxes altered their habitat use both spatially and
 temporally in order to avoid free-ranging domestic dogs and other larger
 competitors. The use of human infrastructure by jackals and jungle cats
 was limited by the presence of dogs. Our results illustrate how habitat
 use of smaller carnivore species change both spatially and temporally in
 order to avoid larger competitors. We also show that the presence of
 species associated with humans mediates the influence of human
 infrastructures on the habitat use of mesocarnivores. We highlight the
 importance of acknowledging the potential impact of urbanization not only
 on single species, but also on the interactions within the community.
description: Camera Trapping
 DataData used in
 Carricondo-Sanchez et al. 2019. Camera trapping events of Indian fox,
 jackal, jungle cat, and domestic dog in Baramati, India, in
 2016.DataSupplement.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.k80bp46
title: Data from: Identifying fishing grounds from vessel tracks: model-based inference for small scale fisheries

description: Recent technological developments facilitate the collection of location
 data from fishing vessels at an increasing rate. The development of
 low-cost electronic systems allows tracking of small-scale fishing
 vessels, a sector of fishing fleets typically characterised by many,
 relatively small vessels. The imminent production of large spatial
 datasets for this previously data-poor sector, creates a challenge in
 terms of data analysis. Several methods have been used to infer the
 spatial distribution of fishing activities from positional data. Here, we
 compare five approaches using either vessel speed, or speed and turning
 angle, to infer fishing activity in the Scottish inshore fleet. We assess
 the performance of each approach using observational records of true
 vessel activity. Although results are similar across methods, a trip-based
 Gaussian mixture model provides the best overall performance and highest
 computational efficiency for our use-case, allowing accurate estimation of
 the spatial distribution of active fishing (97% of true area captured).
 When vessel movement data can be validated, we recommend assessing the
 performance of different methods. These results illustrate the feasibility
 of designing a monitoring system to efficiently generate information on
 fishing grounds, fishing intensity, or monitoring of compliance to
 regulations at a nationwide scale in near-real time.
description: Example of small scale
 fishing vessel movement dataWe provide a sample
 dataset of movement data collected every 60sec from 5 trips by 5 different
 small scale fishing vessels using creels. The locations have been modified
 to protect fisher anonymity so if you plot these tracks on a map some of
 them may be on land. These data are used to compare five different methods
 for identifying hauling versus non-hauling activities in small scale
 fishing vessels from their movement trajectories. The different methods
 are described in detail in the main text of the paper and code to
 implement them is provided in the paper's Supplementary Material S2
 document.example_data.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6tm3252
title: Data from: Collective aggressiveness limits colony persistence in high but not low elevation sites in Amazonian social spiders

description: Identifying the traits that foster group survival in contrasting
 environments is important for understanding local adaptation in social
 systems. Here we evaluate the relationship between the aggressiveness of
 social spider colonies and their persistence along an elevation gradient
 using the Amazonian spider, Anelosimus eximius. We found that colonies of
 A. eximius exhibit repeatable differences in their collective
 aggressiveness (latency to attack prey stimuli), and that colony
 aggressiveness is linked with persistence in a site-specific manner. Less
 aggressive colonies are better able to persist at high-elevation sites,
 which lack colony-sustaining large-bodied prey, whereas colony aggression
 was not related to chance of persistence at low-elevation sites. This
 suggests that low aggressiveness promotes colony survival in
 high-elevation, prey-poor habitats, perhaps via increased tolerance to
 resource limitation. These data reveal that the collective phenotypes that
 relate to colony persistence vary by site, and thus, the path of social
 evolution in these environments is likely to be affected.
description: eximius_data_01.29.2019Main data file. Contains survival and repeatability data with legend.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.37jj6t9
title: Data from: Total-evidence approach reveals an extinct lineage of Paederinae rove beetles from Cretaceous Burmese amber

description: The fossil record contains vital information about the evolution of
 lineages and is a source of data that cannot be reconciled in any other
 way than by the direct observation of morphologies. Total-evidence
 phylogenetic reconstruction is being increasingly used to assess the
 position of extinct taxa by incorporating morphological data from extinct
 and extant taxa together with molecular data from extant taxa in a united
 framework. Here we apply the method to two Cretaceous Burmese amber
 inclusions belonging to the rove beetle subfamily Paederinae. To perform
 the total evidence analysis, we constructed the first morphological matrix
 and the most comprehensive molecular dataset for the subfamily. Our
 analyses reveal an extinct lineage of Paederinae rove beetles with a suite
 of unique morphological characters, resulting in the description of a new
 genus: Diminudon gen. nov. and two new species: D. schomannae sp. nov. and
 D. kachinensis sp. nov. Simultaneously our analyses provide new insights
 into the evolution and classification of the entire subfamily. We also
 discuss the unusually small size of the newly described Paederinae, which
 may represent an additional case for miniaturization in the Cretaceous.
description: Appendix
 S1Appendix S1. Pieces of
 Burmese amber with inclusions of the studied specimens of Diminudon gen.
 nov. An insect pin head used as a scale. Scale bar represents 1
 mm.Appendix
 S2Appendix S2. List of
 morphological characters.Appendix
 S3Appendix S3. Matrix of
 morphological characters.Appendix
 S4Appendix S4. Complete
 primer details.Appendix
 S5Appendix S5. GenBank
 accession numbers of all sequences.Appendix
 S6Appendix S6. The trees
 resulting from the analysis of morphological data. Strict consensus tree
 of the four most parsimonous trees; numbers at nodes represent bootstrap
 supports (A); Fifty per cent majority rule consensus tree from Bayesian
 analysis; numbers at nodes represent posterior probabilities
 (B).Appendix
 S7Appendix S7. The trees
 resulting from the analysis of molecular data. Strict consensus tree of
 the two most parsimonous trees; numbers at nodes represent bootstrap
 supports (A); Fifty per cent majority rule consensus tree from Bayesian
 analysis; numbers at nodes represent posterior probabilities
 (B).