cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5122609
title: Supplementary Material for: Entwicklung eines Screening-Verfahrens zur Diagnostik von Persönlichkeitsstörungen: Das Persönlichkeitsstörungs-Screening – Kurzform (PSS-K)

description: <i>Hintergrund:</i> Die Diagnostik von Persönlichkeitsstörungen sollte fester Bestandteil klinischer Eingangsuntersuchungen sein. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird mit dem Persönlichkeitsstörungs-Screening – Kurzform (PSS-K) ein Screening-Fragebogen vorgestellt, der im sogenannten 2-stufigen Diagnostikprozess im ersten Schritt zur «Schnellerkennung» einer Persönlichkeitsstörung eingesetzt werden kann. <i>Patienten und Methode:</i> Zur Validierung wurden eine nichtklinische Kontrollstichprobe aus der Normalbevölkerung (n = 392), Insassen einer Justizvollzugsanstalt (n = 48) und 3 klinische Stichproben rekrutiert: Patienten mit Substanzmissbrauch (n = 90), ambulante Psychotherapiepatienten (n = 43) und stationäre Psychiatriepatienten (n = 52). Das SKID-II (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders) diente bei der Validierung als Goldstandard. <i>Ergebnisse:</i> Das PSS-K erwies sich als reliabel und konstruktvalide. Die Probanden aus der Normalbevölkerung unterscheiden sich von den Testpersonen der anderen Stichproben. Die konvergente Validität der PSS-K-Items und der PSS-K-Summe mit den Fragebogen-Scores des SKID-II ist gegeben. Laut Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC)-Analyse wird bei einem Cut-off-Wert von &gt;4 in 93% der Fälle das Vorliegen mindestens einer Persönlichkeitsstörung richtig erkannt. <i>Schlussfolgerung:</i> Die Reliabilität und Validität des PSS-K konnte mit ersten Ergebnissen belegt werden.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5122612
title: Supplementary Material for: Molecular Cloning, Overexpression and Characterization of a Novel Feruloyl Esterase from a Soil Metagenomic Library

description: The gene <i>estF27</i>, encoding a protein with feruloyl esterase activity, was cloned through functional screening from a soil metagenomic library and expressed in <i>Escherichia</i><i>coli</i> BL21 (DE3) with high solubility. Sequence analysis showed that <i>estF27</i> encoded a protein of 291 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 31.16 kDa. According to the substrate specificity, EstF27 was classified as a type A feruloyl esterase. EstF27 displayed optimal activity at 40°C and pH 6.8. This enzyme was stable in a broad pH range of 5.0–10.0 over 24 h, and retained more than 50% of its activity after 96 or 120 h incubation in the presence of 3 <i>M</i> KCl or 5 <i>M</i> NaCl. The enzyme activity was slightly enhanced by the addition of Mg<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup> at a low concentration, and completely inhibited by Cu<sup>2+</sup>. In the enzymatic hydrolysis of destarched wheat bran, EstF27 could release ferulic acid from it in the presence of xylanase from <i>Thermomyces lanuginosus</i>. Given its alkalitolerance, halotolerance and highly soluble expression, EstF27 is a promising candidate for industrial applications.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5122615.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: A Potential Role for Glucose Transporters in the Evolution of Human Brain Size

description: Differences in cognitive abilities and the relatively large brain are among the most striking differences between humans and their closest primate relatives. The energy trade-off hypothesis predicts that a major shift in energy allocation among tissues occurred during human origins in order to support the remarkable expansion of a metabolically expensive brain. However, the molecular basis of this adaptive scenario is unknown. Two glucose transporters <i>(SLC2A1</i> and <i>SLC2A4)</i> are promising candidates and present intriguing mutations in humans, resulting, respectively, in microcephaly and disruptions in whole-body glucose homeostasis. We compared <i>SLC2A1</i> and <i>SLC2A4</i> expression between humans, chimpanzees and macaques, and found compensatory and biologically significant expression changes on the human lineage within cerebral cortex and skeletal muscle, consistent with mediating an energy trade-off. We also show that these two genes are likely to have undergone adaptation and participated in the development and maintenance of a larger brain in the human lineage by modulating brain and skeletal muscle energy allocation. We found that these two genes show human-specific signatures of positive selection on known regulatory elements within their 5′-untranslated region, suggesting an adaptation of their regulation during human origins. This study represents the first case where adaptive, functional and genetic lines of evidence implicate specific genes in the evolution of human brain size.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5122618.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Allergenicity and Cross-Reactivity of Booklice <i>(Liposcelis bostrichophila)</i>: A Common Household Insect Pest in Japan

description: <i>Background:</i> Booklice <i>(Liposcelis bostrichophila)</i> are a common household insect pest distributed worldwide. Particularly in Japan, they infest ‘tatami’ mats and are the most frequently detected insect among all detectable insects, present at a frequency of about 90% in dust samples. Although it has been hypothesized that they are an important indoor allergen, studies on their allergenicity have been limited. <i>Methods:</i> To clarify the allergenicity of booklice and the cross-reactivity of this insect allergen with allergens of other insects, patients sensitized to booklice were identified from 185 Japanese adults with allergic asthma using skin tests and IgE-ELISA. IgE-inhibition analysis, immunoblotting and immunoblotting-inhibition analysis were performed using sera from these patients. Allergenic proteins contributing to specific sensitization to booklice were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis and two-dimensional immunoblotting. <i>Results:</i> The booklouse-specific IgE antibody was detected in sera from 41 patients (22% of studied patients). IgE inhibition analysis revealed that IgE reactivity to the booklouse allergen in the sera from one third of booklouse-sensitized patients was not inhibited by preincubation with extracts from any other environmental insects in this study. Immunoblotting identified a 26-kD protein from booklouse extract as the allergenic protein contributing to specific sensitization to booklice. The amino acid sequence of peptide fragments of this protein showed no homology to those of previously described allergenic proteins, indicating that this protein is a new allergen. <i>Conclusions:</i> Sensitization to booklice was relatively common and specific sensitization to this insect not related to insect panallergy was indicated in this population.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5122621.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Induction and Selection of Sox17-Expressing Endoderm Cells Generated from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells

description: Embryonic stem (ES) cells offer a valuable source for generating insulin-producing cells. However, current differentiation protocols often result in heterogeneous cell populations of various developmental stages. Here we show the activin A-induced differentiation of mouse ES cells carrying a homologous dsRed-IRES-puromycin knock-in within the <i>Sox17</i> locus into the endoderm lineage. Sox17-expressing cells were selected by fluorescence-assisted cell sorting (FACS) and characterized at the transcript and protein level. Treatment of ES cells with high concentrations of activin A for 10 days resulted in up to 19% Sox17-positive cells selected by FACS. Isolated Sox17-positive cells were characterized by defini- tive endoderm-specific Sox17/Cxcr4/Foxa2 transcripts, but lacked pluripotency-associated Oct4 mRNA and protein. The Sox17-expressing cells showed downregulation of extraembryonic endoderm (Sox7, Afp, Sdf1)-, mesoderm (Foxf1, Meox1)- and ectoderm (Pax6, NeuroD6)-specific transcripts. The presence of Hnf4α, Hes1 and Pdx1 mRNA demonstrated the expression of primitive gut/foregut cell-specific markers. Ngn3, Nkx6.1 and Nkx2.2 transcripts in Sox17-positive cells were determined as properties of pancreatic endocrine progenitors. Immunocytochemistry of activin A-induced Sox17-positive embryoid bodies revealed coexpression of Cxcr4 and Foxa2. Moreover, the histochemical demonstration of E-cadherin-, Cxcr4-, Sox9-, Hnf1β- and Ngn3-positive epithelial-like structures underlined the potential of Sox17-positive cells to further differentiate into the pancreatic lineage. By reducing the heterogeneity of the ES cell progeny, Sox17-expressing cells are a suitable model to evaluate the effects of growth and differentiation factors and of culture conditions to delineate the differentiation process for the generation of pancreatic cells in vitro.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5122600
title: Supplementary Material for: The Mechanism of Injury-Induced Intracellular Calcium Concentration Oscillations in the Endothelium of Excised Rat Aorta

description: Endothelial injury is the primary event that leads to a variety of severe vascular disorders. Mechanical injury elicits a Ca<sup>2+</sup> response in the endothelium of excised rat aorta, which comprises an initial Ca<sup>2+</sup> release from inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP<sub>3</sub>)-sensitive stores followed by a long-lasting decay phase due to Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry through uncoupled connexons. The Ca<sup>2+</sup> signal may also adopt an oscillatory pattern, the molecular underpinnings of which are unclear. In the light of the role played by Ca<sup>2+</sup> spiking in tissue regeneration, this study aimed to unveil the mechanisms underlying injury-induced Ca<sup>2+</sup> oscillations. The latter reversibly ceased upon removal of extracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> or addition of the gap junction blockers heptanol, 18 α,β-glycyrrhetinic acid, La<sup>3+</sup> and Ni<sup>2+</sup>, but were insensitive to BTP-2 and SKF 96365. The spiking response was abolished by inhibiting the Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry mode of the Na<sup>+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> exchanger (NCX). The InsP<sub>3</sub>-producing agonist ATP resumed Ca<sup>2+</sup> oscillations in silent cells, while the phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 suppressed them. Injury-induced Ca<sup>2+</sup> transients were prevented by the sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) blockers thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid, while they were unaffected by suramin and genistein. These data show for the first time that the coordinated interplay between NCX-mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry and InsP<sub>3</sub>-dependent Ca<sup>2+</sup> release contributes to injury-induced intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration oscillations.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5122606
title: Supplementary Material for: Social Anxiety/Taijin-Kyofu Scale (SATS): Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a New Instrument

description: <i>Background:</i> Taijin-kyofu (TK), especially the ‘convinced' subtype of TK (c-TK; also known as the ‘offensive' subtype of TK), is described as a Japanese culture-bound syndrome similar to social anxiety disorder (SAD). Recently, in Western countries, the symptoms of c-TK have been investigated in patients with SAD. We developed the Social Anxiety/Taijin-Kyofu Scale (SATS), a 12-item structured clinician-rated instrument designed to rate the severity of TK symptoms, and examined its reliability and validity. <i>Methods:</i> The SATS was administered to 15 patients with c-TK diagnosed using the traditional Japanese TK criteria. Interviews used to score patients' symptoms were recorded on videotape. Additionally, the Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S) was administered to assess convergent validity. Interrater reliability was assessed on 15 videotaped interviews; the interviews were independently rated by 10 other raters. Test-retest re-liability was assessed on 15 videotaped interviews by the same rater at an interval of more than 4 weeks. <i>Results:</i> The SATS had high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.97) and good interrater reliability (ICC = 0.88-0.93) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.94-0.99). The SATS total score correlated with the CGI-S scores (r = 0.77, p &lt; 0.0001). <i>Conclusion:</i> The SATS appears to be a reliable and valid measure of the symptoms of TK.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5122612.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Molecular Cloning, Overexpression and Characterization of a Novel Feruloyl Esterase from a Soil Metagenomic Library

description: The gene <i>estF27</i>, encoding a protein with feruloyl esterase activity, was cloned through functional screening from a soil metagenomic library and expressed in <i>Escherichia</i><i>coli</i> BL21 (DE3) with high solubility. Sequence analysis showed that <i>estF27</i> encoded a protein of 291 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 31.16 kDa. According to the substrate specificity, EstF27 was classified as a type A feruloyl esterase. EstF27 displayed optimal activity at 40°C and pH 6.8. This enzyme was stable in a broad pH range of 5.0–10.0 over 24 h, and retained more than 50% of its activity after 96 or 120 h incubation in the presence of 3 <i>M</i> KCl or 5 <i>M</i> NaCl. The enzyme activity was slightly enhanced by the addition of Mg<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup> at a low concentration, and completely inhibited by Cu<sup>2+</sup>. In the enzymatic hydrolysis of destarched wheat bran, EstF27 could release ferulic acid from it in the presence of xylanase from <i>Thermomyces lanuginosus</i>. Given its alkalitolerance, halotolerance and highly soluble expression, EstF27 is a promising candidate for industrial applications.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5122594
title: Supplementary Material for: Retinoic Acid Rescues Deficient Airway Innervation and Peristalsis of Hypoplastic Rat Lung Explants

description: <i>Background:</i> Bronchial peristalsis modulates lung growth and is deficient in hypoplastic nitrofen-exposed rat lung explants. Retinoic acid (RA) rescues lung hypoplasia. This study examines whether decreased bronchial innervation contributes to this developmental deficiency and if RA is able to recover bronchial innervation and motility. <i>Material and Methods:</i> After IRB approval, pregnant rats received either 100 mg nitrofen or vehicle on gestational day 9.5 (E9.5). Embryonic lung primordia harvested on E13 were cultured for 72 h and RA was added daily to the medium when appropriate. Lung growth was assessed by counting the number of terminal buds and measuring explant surface, total DNA and protein in control, control + RA, nitrofen and nitrofen + RA groups. Peristaltic contractions were recorded for 10 min under an inverted microscope. Lung explants stained for anti-protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and smooth muscle α-actin were examined under a confocal microscope for depicting the specific relationship between neural and smooth muscle cells. PGP 9.5 and smooth muscle α-actin levels were quantified by Western blot analysis for assessing the neural and muscle cell expressions. Comparisons between groups were made with non-parametric tests. <i>Results:</i> The number of terminal buds, the explants’ surface and the DNA and protein contents were significantly decreased in nitrofen-exposed lungs in comparison with controls. In contrast, these measurements were normal in explants exposed to both nitrofen and RA. Bronchial peristalsis (contractions/min) was significantly decreased in nitrofen-exposed lungs in comparison with controls; in contrast, in nitrofen + RA lungs it was similar to controls. In all study groups, the airways were surrounded by smooth muscle and ensheathed in a plexus of nerve fibers containing ganglia. PGP 9.5 protein levels were decreased in nitrofen-exposed lungs, but they normalized when RA was added. No differences were found in α-actin protein levels. Explants exposed only to RA were similar to control. <i>Conclusions:</i> Lung growth, bronchial innervation and peristalsis are decreased in nitrofen-exposed lung explants and are rescued by RA. If deficient airway innervation contributing to dysmotility and pulmonary hypoplasia can be pharmacologically rescued, new relatively simple prenatal interventions could be envisioned.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5122597
title: Supplementary Material for: Cx40 Is Required for, and Cx37 Limits, Postischemic Hindlimb Perfusion, Survival and Recovery

description: <i>Background/Aims:</i> Ischemia induced by large-vessel obstruction or vascular injury induces a complex cascade of vasodilatory, remodeling and inflammatory pathways; coordination of these processes by vascular endothelium is likely to involve endothelial gap junctions. Vascular endothelium predominantly expresses two connexin (Cx) isoforms: Cx37 and Cx40. The relevance of these Cxs to postischemic limb recovery remains unclear. <i>Methods:</i> In this study, we use a well-established, severe femoral-saphenous artery-vein pair resection model of unilateral hindlimb ischemia to test the relevance of Cx37 and Cx40 to postischemic tissue survival and recovery of limb perfusion. <i>Results:</i> Cx40-deficient animals (Cx40–/–) experienced a severe reduction in limb perfusion relative to wild-type (WT) animals and exhibited profound and rapid failure of ischemic limb survival. By contrast, the deficit in limb perfusion was less severe in Cx37-ablated (Cx37–/–) animals compared to WT, corresponding with more rapid recovery of limb appearance and use. These results demonstrate that Cx40 is necessary for postischemic limb survival and reperfusion, whereas Cx37 deletion reduces the extent of ischemia in the same model. <i>Conclusion:</i> In summary, we present evidence demonstrating that Cx37 and Cx40 uniquely regulate postischemic limb perfusion, altering the severity of ischemic insult and consequent postischemic survival.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5122603
title: Supplementary Material for: Muscle Gene Expression Is a Marker of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Severity

description: <i>Background:</i> Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal adult-onset degenerative disease characterized by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons leading to progressive muscle atrophy and paralysis. The lack of molecular markers of the progression of disease is detrimental to clinical practice and therapeutic trials. <i>Objective:</i> This study was designed to identify gene expression changes in skeletal muscle that could reliably define the degree of disease severity. <i>Methods:</i> Gene expression profiles were obtained from the deltoid muscles of ALS patients and healthy subjects. Changes in differentially expressed genes were compared to the status of deltoid muscle disability, as determined by manual muscle testing, electrophysiology and the degree of myofiber atrophy. Functionally related genes were grouped by annotation analysis, and deltoid muscle injury was predicted using binary tree classifiers. <i>Results:</i> Two sets of 25 and 70 transcripts appeared differentially regulated exclusively in early and advanced states of deltoid muscle impairment, respectively. The expression of another set of 198 transcripts correlated with a composite score of muscle injury combining manual muscle testing and histological examination. From the totality of these expression changes, 155 transcripts distinguished advanced from early deltoid muscle impairment with 80% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Nine of these transcripts, known also to be regulated in ALS mouse and surgically denervated muscle, predicted the advanced disease status with 100% sensitivity and specificity. <i>Conclusion:</i> We provide robust gene expression changes that can be of practical use when monitoring ALS status and the effects of disease-modifying drugs.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5122594.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Retinoic Acid Rescues Deficient Airway Innervation and Peristalsis of Hypoplastic Rat Lung Explants

description: <i>Background:</i> Bronchial peristalsis modulates lung growth and is deficient in hypoplastic nitrofen-exposed rat lung explants. Retinoic acid (RA) rescues lung hypoplasia. This study examines whether decreased bronchial innervation contributes to this developmental deficiency and if RA is able to recover bronchial innervation and motility. <i>Material and Methods:</i> After IRB approval, pregnant rats received either 100 mg nitrofen or vehicle on gestational day 9.5 (E9.5). Embryonic lung primordia harvested on E13 were cultured for 72 h and RA was added daily to the medium when appropriate. Lung growth was assessed by counting the number of terminal buds and measuring explant surface, total DNA and protein in control, control + RA, nitrofen and nitrofen + RA groups. Peristaltic contractions were recorded for 10 min under an inverted microscope. Lung explants stained for anti-protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and smooth muscle α-actin were examined under a confocal microscope for depicting the specific relationship between neural and smooth muscle cells. PGP 9.5 and smooth muscle α-actin levels were quantified by Western blot analysis for assessing the neural and muscle cell expressions. Comparisons between groups were made with non-parametric tests. <i>Results:</i> The number of terminal buds, the explants’ surface and the DNA and protein contents were significantly decreased in nitrofen-exposed lungs in comparison with controls. In contrast, these measurements were normal in explants exposed to both nitrofen and RA. Bronchial peristalsis (contractions/min) was significantly decreased in nitrofen-exposed lungs in comparison with controls; in contrast, in nitrofen + RA lungs it was similar to controls. In all study groups, the airways were surrounded by smooth muscle and ensheathed in a plexus of nerve fibers containing ganglia. PGP 9.5 protein levels were decreased in nitrofen-exposed lungs, but they normalized when RA was added. No differences were found in α-actin protein levels. Explants exposed only to RA were similar to control. <i>Conclusions:</i> Lung growth, bronchial innervation and peristalsis are decreased in nitrofen-exposed lung explants and are rescued by RA. If deficient airway innervation contributing to dysmotility and pulmonary hypoplasia can be pharmacologically rescued, new relatively simple prenatal interventions could be envisioned.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5122606.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Social Anxiety/Taijin-Kyofu Scale (SATS): Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a New Instrument

description: <i>Background:</i> Taijin-kyofu (TK), especially the ‘convinced' subtype of TK (c-TK; also known as the ‘offensive' subtype of TK), is described as a Japanese culture-bound syndrome similar to social anxiety disorder (SAD). Recently, in Western countries, the symptoms of c-TK have been investigated in patients with SAD. We developed the Social Anxiety/Taijin-Kyofu Scale (SATS), a 12-item structured clinician-rated instrument designed to rate the severity of TK symptoms, and examined its reliability and validity. <i>Methods:</i> The SATS was administered to 15 patients with c-TK diagnosed using the traditional Japanese TK criteria. Interviews used to score patients' symptoms were recorded on videotape. Additionally, the Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S) was administered to assess convergent validity. Interrater reliability was assessed on 15 videotaped interviews; the interviews were independently rated by 10 other raters. Test-retest re-liability was assessed on 15 videotaped interviews by the same rater at an interval of more than 4 weeks. <i>Results:</i> The SATS had high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.97) and good interrater reliability (ICC = 0.88-0.93) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.94-0.99). The SATS total score correlated with the CGI-S scores (r = 0.77, p &lt; 0.0001). <i>Conclusion:</i> The SATS appears to be a reliable and valid measure of the symptoms of TK.