cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929018
title: Evaluation of Maillard Reaction intensity, Physical-chemistry Attributes and Texture Analysis in "Dulce de Leche"

description: ABSTRACT The Dulce de Leche, a product which is marketed and produced in Latin America, is much appreciated by consumers, with great importance for the Brazilian market. The standardization of the characteristics of this product as well as the suitability for recommendations of the Technical Identity and Quality Regulation becomes difficult due to the large cultural diversity and technological changes. In this context, the study of physical-chemical and rheological characteristics the Dulce de Leche becomes of great importance to achieve such uniformity, mainly by the lack of technical and scientific literature about this product. This work aimed to evaluate and relate the physical-chemical and texture attributes. Twelve Dulce de Leche brands were analyzed to moisture, water activity and texture analysis with statistical analysis of the data. Descriptive statistical analysis for texture attributes showed high variability between samples. As for the moisture content, 51.11% of the samples were outside the statutory standards. The analysis had results of free HMF and elevated totals. Through the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) it was found that the main source of variation and contribution to group of the appraised brands is related to the elements that make up the rheological characteristics of the product. The results showed high correlation between water activity, moisture and rheological attributes. The combination of physical, chemical and rheological attributes were shown to be useful for characterization and evaluation of Dulce de Leche quality. These results expand scientific knowledge about Dulce de leche favoring the dairy industry and the scientific community.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929020
title: Cultivation of Penicillium spp. in soy bean crop residues for production of cellulase, protease and amylase

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to quantify the enzymatic activity of amylolytic, cellulolytic and proteolytic enzymes produced by the fungi strain Penicillium spp. LEMI A8221 under solid state culture in soybean crop residues, during 4 days, in different conditions of pH (5.0 and 6.0), temperature (30 and 35 °C) and substrate concentration (70 and 90% p/v). The maximum activity obtained for α-amylase, β-amylase, protease and CMCase were 0.20; 0.13; 0.65 and 147 U.mg-1, respectively. The fermentation conditions influenced the enzyme activity, being substrate concentration, the most significant variable to the process. The fermentation time exerted effect only for the activities of CMCase and β-amylase being recorded smaller values for these enzymes in the first 24 to 48 hours of fermentation, respectively. It is concluded that the isolated Penicillium spp. LEMI A8221 can be considered a promising biological agent with industrial application and soybean residue was presented as an alternative carbon source in solid-state cultivation for enzyme production by microbial strain.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929020.v1
title: Cultivation of Penicillium spp. in soy bean crop residues for production of cellulase, protease and amylase

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to quantify the enzymatic activity of amylolytic, cellulolytic and proteolytic enzymes produced by the fungi strain Penicillium spp. LEMI A8221 under solid state culture in soybean crop residues, during 4 days, in different conditions of pH (5.0 and 6.0), temperature (30 and 35 °C) and substrate concentration (70 and 90% p/v). The maximum activity obtained for α-amylase, β-amylase, protease and CMCase were 0.20; 0.13; 0.65 and 147 U.mg-1, respectively. The fermentation conditions influenced the enzyme activity, being substrate concentration, the most significant variable to the process. The fermentation time exerted effect only for the activities of CMCase and β-amylase being recorded smaller values for these enzymes in the first 24 to 48 hours of fermentation, respectively. It is concluded that the isolated Penicillium spp. LEMI A8221 can be considered a promising biological agent with industrial application and soybean residue was presented as an alternative carbon source in solid-state cultivation for enzyme production by microbial strain.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929021
title: Frozen yogurt from sheep milk

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to develop frozen yogurt formulations from powdered yogurt of sheep milk, through an experimental design of 2², with a triplicate at the central point. The variables studied were emulsifier/stabilizer (0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00%) and powder for cream (2.75%, 3.00% and 3.25%). The parameters evaluated were sensory characteristics, texture, and microbiological counts. The results showed that the formulations had counts of S. aureus and fecal coliforms at 45 °C, lactic acid bacteria and Salmonella sp within the limits established by legislation. Instrumental analysis of texture-related parameters (firmness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, and consistency) of the formulations with different concentrations of emulsifier/stabilizer and cream powder showed no significant differences (p &gt; 0.05). In sensory analysis, Formulations 3 and 4 with lower concentrations of emulsifier/stabilizer scored the highest values, thus indicating good acceptability.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929021.v1
title: Frozen yogurt from sheep milk

description: ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to develop frozen yogurt formulations from powdered yogurt of sheep milk, through an experimental design of 2², with a triplicate at the central point. The variables studied were emulsifier/stabilizer (0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00%) and powder for cream (2.75%, 3.00% and 3.25%). The parameters evaluated were sensory characteristics, texture, and microbiological counts. The results showed that the formulations had counts of S. aureus and fecal coliforms at 45 °C, lactic acid bacteria and Salmonella sp within the limits established by legislation. Instrumental analysis of texture-related parameters (firmness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, and consistency) of the formulations with different concentrations of emulsifier/stabilizer and cream powder showed no significant differences (p &gt; 0.05). In sensory analysis, Formulations 3 and 4 with lower concentrations of emulsifier/stabilizer scored the highest values, thus indicating good acceptability.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929023.v1
title: Influence of harvesting system in cotton fiber characteristics

description: ABSTRACT Choices in crop management such as cultivar and harvesting system can influence fiber quality parameters. This study aimed to evaluate fiber characteristics of two cultivars in narrow row cotton submitted to different mechanized harvesting systems (picker and stripper). The experiment was conducted in season 2012, with 0.45 m, at Juscimeira - MT. It was used randomized block design in split plot with two factors, factor A in the plots (two cultivars) and factor B in the subplots (three harvesting systems - manual, picker and stripper), with five replications. The quality of the fiber was determined in manually collected samples of plants and after harvest, withdrawn inside the basket of each harvester. The analysis of the characteristics of fiber, were analyzed in Laboratory of Classification of Fiber in apparatus by HVI (High Volume Instrument). Fibers picked with manual, followed by picker system have characteristics and better quality compared to fibers harvested with stripper.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929023
title: Influence of harvesting system in cotton fiber characteristics

description: ABSTRACT Choices in crop management such as cultivar and harvesting system can influence fiber quality parameters. This study aimed to evaluate fiber characteristics of two cultivars in narrow row cotton submitted to different mechanized harvesting systems (picker and stripper). The experiment was conducted in season 2012, with 0.45 m, at Juscimeira - MT. It was used randomized block design in split plot with two factors, factor A in the plots (two cultivars) and factor B in the subplots (three harvesting systems - manual, picker and stripper), with five replications. The quality of the fiber was determined in manually collected samples of plants and after harvest, withdrawn inside the basket of each harvester. The analysis of the characteristics of fiber, were analyzed in Laboratory of Classification of Fiber in apparatus by HVI (High Volume Instrument). Fibers picked with manual, followed by picker system have characteristics and better quality compared to fibers harvested with stripper.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929024
title: Kalanchoe crop development under different levels of irrigation

description: ABSTRACT Despite its importance in the floriculture sector, irrigation management of kalanchoe is characterized by empiricism, being necessary further studies on the use of water by this crop. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the several effects of irrigation levels on the growth of kalanchoe crop conducted in greenhouse in the municipality of Alegrete, state of Rio Grande do Sul. The experiment was conducted in a 7 x 15 m protected environment. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments (irrigation levels corresponding to 40, 60, 80 and 100% of the pot water retention capacity - PC) and four repetitions, totaling sixteen plots. The crop cycle was 224 days after transplanting and the applied average depths were: 451.82; 367.38; 282.94; 198.51 mm for treatments: 100; 80; 60 and 40% of PC, respectively. Canopy area and number of leaves per plant were evaluated over the crop cycle. In the end of the cycle, the canopy diameter, number of inflorescences per plant and the number of flowers per plant were evaluated. No significant differences were found only to the canopy area, by the F test. Irrigation water depths between 40 and 70% of the pot capacity were more appropriate for the crop growth in the study region. The cultivar presented the best development at irrigation levels below the maximum vessel water retention capacity, that is, it is resistant to drought.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929024.v1
title: Kalanchoe crop development under different levels of irrigation

description: ABSTRACT Despite its importance in the floriculture sector, irrigation management of kalanchoe is characterized by empiricism, being necessary further studies on the use of water by this crop. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the several effects of irrigation levels on the growth of kalanchoe crop conducted in greenhouse in the municipality of Alegrete, state of Rio Grande do Sul. The experiment was conducted in a 7 x 15 m protected environment. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments (irrigation levels corresponding to 40, 60, 80 and 100% of the pot water retention capacity - PC) and four repetitions, totaling sixteen plots. The crop cycle was 224 days after transplanting and the applied average depths were: 451.82; 367.38; 282.94; 198.51 mm for treatments: 100; 80; 60 and 40% of PC, respectively. Canopy area and number of leaves per plant were evaluated over the crop cycle. In the end of the cycle, the canopy diameter, number of inflorescences per plant and the number of flowers per plant were evaluated. No significant differences were found only to the canopy area, by the F test. Irrigation water depths between 40 and 70% of the pot capacity were more appropriate for the crop growth in the study region. The cultivar presented the best development at irrigation levels below the maximum vessel water retention capacity, that is, it is resistant to drought.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929026
title: Astringency in ʻGiomboʼ persimmon and its relationship with the harvest time

description: ABSTRACT ʻGiomboʼ is one of most cultivated persimmon cultivars in Brazil. It is a late-harvest cultivar and requires treatment for astringency removal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of ethanol and the effect of harvest time on reducing astringency, physicochemical and anatomical characteristics of 'Giombo' persimmon. Two experiments were carried out, one in each growing season, with five treatments corresponding to exposure to 1.70 mL kg-1ethanol for 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours. At the end of the growing season (2011) the fruits achieved the astringency index and levels of soluble tannins suitable for consumption in 24 hours, and at the beginning of the growing season (2012) in 36 hours, indicating that the efficiency of the treatment is related to harvest time and ethanol exposure time. Astringency removal with ethanol affects the cell structure with accumulation of substances inside the cells and in intercellular spaces, resulting in the degradation of the parenchyma cell wall. To avoid such damage and maintain fruit quality, it is recommended the combination of low ethanol doses with less ethanol exposure time.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929026.v1
title: Astringency in ʻGiomboʼ persimmon and its relationship with the harvest time

description: ABSTRACT ʻGiomboʼ is one of most cultivated persimmon cultivars in Brazil. It is a late-harvest cultivar and requires treatment for astringency removal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of ethanol and the effect of harvest time on reducing astringency, physicochemical and anatomical characteristics of 'Giombo' persimmon. Two experiments were carried out, one in each growing season, with five treatments corresponding to exposure to 1.70 mL kg-1ethanol for 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours. At the end of the growing season (2011) the fruits achieved the astringency index and levels of soluble tannins suitable for consumption in 24 hours, and at the beginning of the growing season (2012) in 36 hours, indicating that the efficiency of the treatment is related to harvest time and ethanol exposure time. Astringency removal with ethanol affects the cell structure with accumulation of substances inside the cells and in intercellular spaces, resulting in the degradation of the parenchyma cell wall. To avoid such damage and maintain fruit quality, it is recommended the combination of low ethanol doses with less ethanol exposure time.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929030
title: Selection of progenitors for increase in oil content in soybean

description: ABSTRACT The low genetic diversity brings limitation to breeding, because genetically similar genotypes share alleles in common, causing little complementarity and low vigor due to the low levels of heterozygosity in crosses. The objective of this work was to analyze the oil content and genetic diversity of soybean genotypes (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) based on QTL regions of this trait for choice of progenitors for increase in oil content. Twenty-two genotypes with wide variation in oil content, including cultivars with high oil contents, were cultivated in different Brazilian conditions and the oil content of the grains was quantified by infrared spectrometry. Microsatellite markers selected based on QTL regions for oil content in soybean were analyzed to estimate the genetic diversity. In these studies, a wide variation in oil content (17.28-23.01%) and a reasonable diversity among the genotypes were observed, being PI181544 the most divergent genotype, followed by Suprema. The genotypes PI371610/Suprema and Suprema/CD01RR8384 showed genetic distance and higher oil contents in the grains, while the cultivars Suprema and CD01RR8384 had the highest oil contents and proved to be little genetically related. These genotypes are promising progenitors for selection of high oil content in soybean.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929030.v1
title: Selection of progenitors for increase in oil content in soybean

description: ABSTRACT The low genetic diversity brings limitation to breeding, because genetically similar genotypes share alleles in common, causing little complementarity and low vigor due to the low levels of heterozygosity in crosses. The objective of this work was to analyze the oil content and genetic diversity of soybean genotypes (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) based on QTL regions of this trait for choice of progenitors for increase in oil content. Twenty-two genotypes with wide variation in oil content, including cultivars with high oil contents, were cultivated in different Brazilian conditions and the oil content of the grains was quantified by infrared spectrometry. Microsatellite markers selected based on QTL regions for oil content in soybean were analyzed to estimate the genetic diversity. In these studies, a wide variation in oil content (17.28-23.01%) and a reasonable diversity among the genotypes were observed, being PI181544 the most divergent genotype, followed by Suprema. The genotypes PI371610/Suprema and Suprema/CD01RR8384 showed genetic distance and higher oil contents in the grains, while the cultivars Suprema and CD01RR8384 had the highest oil contents and proved to be little genetically related. These genotypes are promising progenitors for selection of high oil content in soybean.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929032.v1
title: Competitive analysis of soybean and sudangrass using replacement series design

description: ABSTRACT Competition is the best known form of direct interference of weeds on agricultural crops. However, there is relatively little information on the competition of the weed sudangrass on soybean, which has been common in agricultural areas in the southern of Rio Grande do Sul. The objective of this study was to evaluate the competition between sudangrass and soybeans using replacement series experiments. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments consisted of soybean and sudangrass associations. The experimental units were 8-L plastic pots, in the proportions 0: 8, 2: 6, 4: 4, 6: 2, 8: 0, corresponding to 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the crop and weed respectively. Shoot, root and total dry matter and plant height were analyzed through diagrams applied to replacement series and competitive indices. Soybean showed competitive superiority in coexistence with sudangrass in relation to shoot, root and total dry matter. The intraspecific competition was more significant for the crop and inter-specific competition was more important for the weed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929032
title: Competitive analysis of soybean and sudangrass using replacement series design

description: ABSTRACT Competition is the best known form of direct interference of weeds on agricultural crops. However, there is relatively little information on the competition of the weed sudangrass on soybean, which has been common in agricultural areas in the southern of Rio Grande do Sul. The objective of this study was to evaluate the competition between sudangrass and soybeans using replacement series experiments. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments consisted of soybean and sudangrass associations. The experimental units were 8-L plastic pots, in the proportions 0: 8, 2: 6, 4: 4, 6: 2, 8: 0, corresponding to 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the crop and weed respectively. Shoot, root and total dry matter and plant height were analyzed through diagrams applied to replacement series and competitive indices. Soybean showed competitive superiority in coexistence with sudangrass in relation to shoot, root and total dry matter. The intraspecific competition was more significant for the crop and inter-specific competition was more important for the weed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929035.v1
title: Export and nutrient partitioning in organic onion

description: ABSTRACT Early season onion crops, despite lower yield, is an opportunity for farmers to explore market and better prices in southern Brazil. Knowing the amount absorbed and the distribution of nutrients in the plant is essential for adequate management of fertilization. However, little information on this matter is available for onion, especially for organic farming and nontraditional periods in southern Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrient absorption and partitioning in open-pollinated onion cultivars grown in organic system. The experiment was conducted in the Canguiri-UFPR experimental organic farm, Curitiba-PR, with sowing in January. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. Cultivars Franciscana IPA-10 (purple), Vale Ouro IPA-11 and Brisa IPA-12 (from Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária - IPA), Alfa Tropical (from Embrapa Hortaliças), Alfa São Francisco (VIII cycle) and Alfa São Francisco-RT (thrips resistant- genotype under test; from Embrapa Semi-árido), and BR-29 (Topseed-Agristar) were selected for the study. Chemical analyses were performed for shoot and bulbs collected at harvest. The production potential of cultivars varied, and the most productive ones were the most efficient in converting the nutrients absorbed in bulb yield. The order of nutrient contents in the shoots was K &gt; N &gt; P &gt; Ca &gt; Mg &gt; Fe &gt; Zn &gt; Mn = B &gt; Cu, whereas in the bulbs it was K &gt; N &gt; P &gt; Ca &gt; Mg &gt; Fe &gt; B &gt; Zn &gt; Cu &gt; Mn. Nutrients were required in the following order of amount K &gt; N &gt; P &gt; Ca &gt; Mg &gt; Fe &gt; Zn &gt; B &gt; Mn &gt; Cu, per ton of fresh bulbs, and accumulated in greater quantity in the shoot, except Zn, which had higher concentration in the bulb.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19929035
title: Export and nutrient partitioning in organic onion

description: ABSTRACT Early season onion crops, despite lower yield, is an opportunity for farmers to explore market and better prices in southern Brazil. Knowing the amount absorbed and the distribution of nutrients in the plant is essential for adequate management of fertilization. However, little information on this matter is available for onion, especially for organic farming and nontraditional periods in southern Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrient absorption and partitioning in open-pollinated onion cultivars grown in organic system. The experiment was conducted in the Canguiri-UFPR experimental organic farm, Curitiba-PR, with sowing in January. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. Cultivars Franciscana IPA-10 (purple), Vale Ouro IPA-11 and Brisa IPA-12 (from Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária - IPA), Alfa Tropical (from Embrapa Hortaliças), Alfa São Francisco (VIII cycle) and Alfa São Francisco-RT (thrips resistant- genotype under test; from Embrapa Semi-árido), and BR-29 (Topseed-Agristar) were selected for the study. Chemical analyses were performed for shoot and bulbs collected at harvest. The production potential of cultivars varied, and the most productive ones were the most efficient in converting the nutrients absorbed in bulb yield. The order of nutrient contents in the shoots was K &gt; N &gt; P &gt; Ca &gt; Mg &gt; Fe &gt; Zn &gt; Mn = B &gt; Cu, whereas in the bulbs it was K &gt; N &gt; P &gt; Ca &gt; Mg &gt; Fe &gt; B &gt; Zn &gt; Cu &gt; Mn. Nutrients were required in the following order of amount K &gt; N &gt; P &gt; Ca &gt; Mg &gt; Fe &gt; Zn &gt; B &gt; Mn &gt; Cu, per ton of fresh bulbs, and accumulated in greater quantity in the shoot, except Zn, which had higher concentration in the bulb.