DOI: 10.20350/digitalcsic/16500
title: Dataset - Multimodal lanthanide vanadate-based nanoparticles for T1 -T2 MRI and NIR luminescent imaging

description: We report the development of a multimodal lanthanide vanadate system suitable as dual T1-T2 MRI contrast agent as well as a luminescent imaging probe in the near-infrared region, using Dy3+ and Gd3+ as T2 and T1 components, respectively, and Nd3+ as the luminescent center. The vanadate matrix was chosen to avoid the undesired solubility associated to previously reported fluoride-based contrast agents. With such aim, we first optimized the design of the MRI system by comparatively evaluating the magnetic relaxivities of two different architectures consisting of i) uniform NPs incorporating both paramagnetic cations in solid solution (single-phase NPs), and ii) core-shell NPs consisting of a DyVO4 core coated with a homogeneous GdVO4 shell (DyVO4@GdVO4). We found that, although both samples presented magnetic relaxivity properties that make them adequate for their use as dual T1-T2 contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, the core-shell architecture would be more suitable because of their higher magnetic relaxivity values. Secondly, to prepare the multimodal system, the GdVO4 layer of such optimal dual T1-T2 MRI probe was doped with Nd3+ cations. An inert YVO4 intermediate shell was also introduced between the cores and the outer layer aiming to avoid energy transfer from Nd3+ to Dy3+, which would cause luminescence quenching. These core-shell-shell nanoparticles showed magnetic relaxivity values similar to those of the core-shell system and an intense luminescence in the near-infrared region. Moreover, they were dispersible and chemically stable under conditions that mimic the physiological media, and they were nontoxic for cells. Therefore, such multimodal nanoparticles meet the main requirements for their use as a dual T1-T2 contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging and as a probe for luminescent imaging in the near-infrared region.
description: F2 F2b_ FTIR spectrum of single-phase nanoparticles. F2c_ TGA curve of the single-phase nanoparticles. F2d_XRD pattern of the single-phase nanoparticles_ black. F2d_GdVO4 PDF_red. F2d_DyVO4 PDF_navy. F4 F4b_ XRD pattern of the core-shell nanoparticles_ black F4b_GdVO4 PDF_red. F4b_DyVO4 PDF_navy. F4c: FTIR spectrum of the core-shell nanoparticles. F4d: TGA curve of the core-shell nanoparticles. F6 F6_top_blue: The longitudinal (1/T1) relaxation rates at 1.44 T for different contents of single-phase nanoparticles. F6_top_red: The longitudinal (1/T1) relaxation rates at 1.44 T for different contents of core-shell nanoparticles. F6_bottom_blue: The transverse (1/T2) relaxation rates at 1.44 T for different contents of single-phase nanoparticles. F6_bottom_red: The transverse (1/T2) relaxation rates at 1.44 T for different contents of core-shell nanoparticles. F7 F7b_XRD pattern of the Dy@Y@Nd:Gd sample_black. F7b_DyVO4 PDF_grey. F7b_GdVO4 PDF_red F7b_YVO4 PDF_blue F7c_FTIR spectrum of the Dy@Y@Nd:Gd sample. F7d_TGA curve of the Dy@Y@Nd:Gd sample. F9 F9_blue: Relaxation rates (1/T1) measured at 1.44 T for different lanthanide (Dy+Gd+Nd) concentration in the Dy@Y@Nd:Gd sample. F9_red: Relaxation rates (1/T2) measured at 1.44 T for different lanthanide (Dy+Gd+Nd) concentration in the Dy@Y@Nd:Gd sample. F10 F10_top: Excitation spectrum for the Dy@Y@Nd:Gd sample. F10_ bottom: Emission spectrum for the Dy@Y@Nd:Gd sample. F11 F11_grey: DLS curve obtained for DyVO4@YVO4@Nd-doped GdVO4 nanoparticles suspensions in water. F11_red: DLS curve obtained for DyVO4@YVO4@Nd-doped GdVO4 nanoparticles suspensions in MES medium. F11_blue: DLS curve obtained for DyVO4@YVO4@Nd-doped GdVO4 nanoparticles suspensions in PBS medium. F11_green: DLS curve obtained for DyVO4@YVO4@Nd-doped GdVO4 nanoparticles suspensions in saline medium. F12 F12_Histogram_1 day: Histogram of Dy@Y@Nd:Gd nanoparticles after aging in PBS medium at 37 ºC during one day. F12_Histogram_21 days: Histogram of Dy@Y@Nd:Gd nanoparticles after aging in PBS medium at 37 ºC during 21 days. F12_Histogram_35 days: Histogram of Dy@Y@Nd:Gd nanoparticles after aging in PBS medium at 37 ºC during 35 days. F13 F13d_Analysis of the total number of cells per well exposed to increasing concentration of DyVO4@YVO4@Nd-doped GdVO4 nanoparticles. F13e_Dead cell percentage to increasing concentration of DyVO4@YVO4@Nd-doped GdVO4 nanoparticles. F13f_Mitochondrial activity of the cells to increasing concentration of DyVO4@YVO4@Nd-doped GdVO4 nanoparticles. FS1 FS1a_Size distribution histogram of the single-phase nanoparticles containing Gd and Dy as a solid solution. FS1b_Size distribution histogram of the DyVO4 nanoparticles coated with a GdVO4 shell. FS1c_Size distribution histogram of the DyVO4 nanoparticles coated with a first YVO4 shell and with a second shell consisting of GdVO4 doped with Nd3+. FS2 FS2b_Size distribution histogram for the DyVO4 nanoparticles functionalized with PAA used as cores. FS2c_ DLS curve in water suspension for the DyVO4 nanoparticles functionalized with PAA used as cores. FS2d_XRD pattern for the DyVO4 nanoparticles functionalized with PAA used as cores. FS2d_DyVO4_PDF FS2e_FTIR spectrum for the DyVO4 nanoparticles functionalized with PAA used as cores. FS2f_TGA curve for the DyVO4 nanoparticles functionalized with PAA used as cores.