cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d32t9v4
title: Data from: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mediate herbivore-induction of plant defenses differently above and belowground

description: Plants are exposed to herbivores and symbionts above and belowground.
 Herbivores aboveground alter plant defenses in both leaves and roots,
 affecting plant-herbivore interactions above and belowground. Root
 symbionts, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), also influence the
 defenses of leaves and roots, and alter plant responses to herbivory.
 However, we lack an understanding of how AMF mediate plant responses to
 herbivores simultaneously in above and belowground plant tissues, despite
 the ubiquity of such interactions and their consequences for ecological
 communities. In a full factorial experiment, we subjected plants of four
 milkweed (Asclepias) species under three levels of AMF inoculum
 availability to damage by aphids (Aphis nerii), caterpillars (Danaus
 plexippus), or no herbivores. We then measured foliar and root
 cardenolides (chemical defenses), leaf toughness, latex exudation
 (physical defenses), foliar carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous
 concentrations, plant biomass, and levels of AMF colonization of roots.
 Plants inoculated with AMF generally produced tougher leaves with higher
 cardenolide concentrations than did plants without AMF. In contrast, root
 cardenolides were altered by AMF inoculum availability in a plant
 species-specific manner. The relative induction or suppression of foliar
 cardenolides and leaf toughness by herbivores was altered strongly by the
 level of AMF inoculum available to plants. However, AMF did not influence
 caterpillar-induction or aphid-suppression of root cardenolides. In
 addition, herbivore feeding induced substantial changes in levels of AMF
 colonization of roots in a plant species-specific manner. We demonstrate
 that the availability of AMF in soil alters herbivore induction and
 suppression of plant defenses strongly, and does so differently in above
 and belowground plant tissues. Furthermore, we show that herbivore feeding
 alters levels of AMF colonization substantially, completing a feedback
 loop between above and belowground organisms. Our study suggests that
 indirect interactions between AMF and herbivores may have community-wide
 consequences by altering plant phenotype both above and belowground.
description: AMFInductionThe file AMFInduction.xslx contains the raw data used in our publication "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mediate herbivore-induction of plant defenses differently above and belowground". Missing values are denoted with NA. Please see the README file for more detail about the data file.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.b1t42
title: Data from: Effect of light-level geolocators on apparent survival of two highly aerial swift species

description: Light-level geolocators are currently widely used to track the migration
 of small-sized birds, but their potentially detrimental effects on
 survival of highly aerial species have been poorly investigated so far. We
 recorded capture-recapture histories of 283 common swifts Apus apus and
 107 pallid swifts Apus pallidus breeding in 14 colonies in Italy, Spain,
 Sweden and Switzerland that were deployed with 10 different types of
 geolocators (‘geolocator birds’), and compared their survival with that
 of, respectively, 215 common and 101 pallid swifts not equipped with
 geolocators (‘control birds’). We performed both traditional GLMM using
 return rate as a proxy for survival and mark-recapture models to estimate
 survival while accounting for recapture probability. In all the analyses,
 geolocator birds showed reduced apparent survival compared to controls.
 The extent of the negative effect on survival differed between the species
 but the direction of the difference between species was opposite in either
 type of analysis. Geolocator weight was always lower 3% of body mass or
 less, and did not affect survival per se. Geolocators with a light-stalk,
 which is used in some geolocator models to reduce light sensor shading by
 feathers, decreased apparent survival more than models without
 light-stalk. Apparent survival of geolocator birds significantly varied
 among sites, being much higher in northern Europe. Despite in our analyses
 we could only partly account for variable recapture probabilities among
 sites and for inter-annual variability in survival, our results generally
 showed that equipping swifts with geolocators decreased their survival
 prospects, but also that the magnitude of this effect may depend on
 species-specific traits. These conclusions are in line with those of other
 studies on aerial foragers. We suggest that future studies tracking the
 movements of aerial insectivorous birds should use devices designed to
 minimize drag.
description: return
 ratestable showing return
 rates of geolocator and control birds in form of aggregated data (one
 record per year, study site and species of birds) for Italian and Swiss
 study sites.This data were used for the analysis shown in Table 4 of main
 text.swift
 biometriesfile containing measures
 of wing and weight of Apus apus and Apus pallidus from the study sites for
 which these were available.biometries.xlsxgeolocator birdsTable having 372 records exclusively belonging to geolocators birds from all the 14 study sites. Geolocator type, weight and appearence (flat vs with light stalk) are indicated. Dataset used to run the model shown in Table 5 of the main text.all geolocator birds.xlsxcapture recapture histories for MARKCapture-recapture histories in format 01 used to run the MARK analysis described in the paper. Look at the legend for details.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qc8255v
title: Data from: Frequently mated males have higher protein preference in German cockroaches

description: Protein is an abundant nutrient in sperm, and males therefore expend
 protein every time they mate. In addition, many males provide the female
 with a nitrogen-rich nuptial gift during mating, which often increases
 female fertility by supplementing her pool of limiting nutrients. However,
 it is unknown whether males compensate for the nitrogen cost of mating by
 increasing their preference for protein, which would facilitate the
 production of new sperm and nuptial gift material. Using artificial diets,
 we investigated whether male German cockroaches (Blattella germanica)
 would compensate for nitrogen expenses of mating by increasing protein
 preference when given the opportunity to self-select their diet from
 complementary foods differing only in protein- and carbohydrate content.
 We distributed adult males across four mating regimes differing in the
 frequency of mating opportunities with receptive females, and measured
 protein- and carbohydrate consumption as well as reproductive output over
 the lifespan of each male. Receptive females were either never available
 (no mating opportunity), or they were available overnight at a frequency
 of each 28 days (rare mating opportunities), each 14 days (occasional
 mating opportunities), or each seven days (frequent mating opportunities).
 Males selected highly carbohydrate-biased diets. However, males that mated
 more frequently had higher consumption and reproduction, and self-selected
 higher lifetime protein to carbohydrate ratios. Our study demonstrates
 that male German cockroaches actively select a more protein-biased diet
 that compensates for their nutritional requirements following mating. The
 study shows that male mating significantly affects foraging decisions for
 specific nutrients to compensate for the expenses of mating.
description: Frequently mated males
 have higher protein preference in German cockroaches
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mk32s
title: Data from: Biogeographical evidence for common vicariance and rare dispersal in a southern Appalachian harvestman (Sabaconidae, Sabacon cavicolens)

description: Aim: Species or higher taxa that are obviously dispersal-limited, but
 which occupy large geographical distributions, represent a biogeographical
 paradox. Dispersal must have happened, likely under special and infrequent
 environmental conditions, but details have been lost to history. The
 overarching goal of our research is to understand the details of a ‘common
 vicariance, rare dispersal’ biogeographical history in a widespread but
 habitat-specialized harvestman species (Sabacon cavicolens) with a
 southern Appalachian centre of distribution. Location: Eastern North
 America, southern Appalachians. Methods: We assessed cryptic speciation
 using mitochondrial and nuclear gene DNA sequence data, testing
 alternative delimitation hypotheses using multispecies coalescent
 analyses. We also tested whether riverine barriers are associated with
 mitochondrial genealogical structuring, focusing on multiple rivers in the
 southern Blue Ridge physiographical province. Finally, we conducted
 population genetic analyses to assess female-based range expansion out of
 the southern Blue Ridge. Results: Genetic analyses suggest a large number
 of species-level lineages within S. cavicolens, although we prefer a more
 conservative three-species hypothesis. These putative species are
 geographically cohesive and allopatric (Ozarks, Cumberland Plateau,
 southern Blue Ridge), with the Blue Ridge species including multiple
 divergent mitochondrial haplogroups. Several genealogical breaks in the
 Blue Ridge species coincide with riverine barriers, separating mostly
 allopatric mitochondrial lineages. Contrasting with evidence for
 constrained gene flow and vicariance, two Blue Ridge haplogroups reveal
 extensive range expansion both northwards and westwards, resulting in the
 widespread distribution of closely related haplotypes, and occasional
 sympatry of dispersive haplotypes. Main Conclusions: Hidden beneath the
 apparently widespread distribution of a single species is a history of old
 vicariance separating geographically disjunct cryptic species. How these
 lineages came to occupy such disparate geographies is illustrated by
 dynamics within the Blue Ridge species, where both in situ vicariance and
 long-distance dispersal have shaped a ‘common vicariance, rare dispersal’
 biogeographical history.
description: Aligned data
 matricesall aligned, phased
 matrices, Nexus formatSab_phaseddata_all.nex
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4nm02
title: Data from: Predator-prey interactions between shell-boring beetle larvae and rock-dwelling land snails

description: Drilus beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Elateridae) are specialized predators of
 land snails. Here, we describe various aspects of the predator-prey
 interactions between multiple Drilus species attacking multiple Albinaria
 (Gastropoda: Clausiliidae) species in Greece. We observe that Drilus
 species may be facultative or obligate Albinaria-specialists. We map
 geographically varying predation rates in Crete, where on average 24% of
 empty shells carry fatal Drilus bore holes. We also provide first-hand
 observations and video-footage of prey entry and exit strategies of the
 Drilus larvae, and evaluate the potential mutual evolutionary impacts. We
 find limited evidence for an effect of shell features and snail behavioral
 traits on inter- and intra-specifically differing predation rates. We also
 find that Drilus predators adjust their predation behavior based on
 specific shell traits of the prey. In conclusion, we suggest that, with
 these baseline data, this interesting predator-prey system will be
 available for further, detailed more evolutionary ecology studies.
description: Data Collection
 CodesCollection details
 pertaining to the Albinaria samples, some containing Drilus laevae or
 adult, that were used in this studyData Predation
 CreteThis file provides
 information on the Cretan Albinaria collection samples used for producing
 the map of Drilus predation pressure. The samples without taxon
 identifiers were studied by Francisco W. Welter-Schultes and derived from
 the Haus der Natur, Cismar. The other samples were studied by Ruth F.
 Castillo Cajas and derived from the collection of Naturalis Biodiversity
 Center, Leiden.Appendix_PLOS ONE
 (herzien)- Voucher numbers - RMNHThis file contains all
 information relating to the Drilus specimens (adults, larvae, and exuviae)
 obtained from snail shells in the course of this study. Voucher numbers
 refer to the official collections in which the specimens were
 deposited.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.62v0p8q2
title: Data from: Adaptive potential of ash (Fraxinus excelsior) populations against the novel emerging pathogen Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus

description: An emerging infectious pathogen Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus has spread
 across much of Europe within recent years causing devastating damage on
 European common ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior) and associated plant
 communities. The present study demonstrates the presence of additive
 genetic variation in susceptibility of natural F. excelsior populations to
 the new invasive disease. We observe high levels of additive variation in
 the degree of susceptibility with relatively low influence of
 environmental factors (narrow sense heritability = 0.37-0.52). Most native
 trees are found highly susceptible, and we estimate that only around 1%
 has the potential of producing offspring with expected crown damage of
 less than 10% under the present disease pressure. The results suggest that
 the presence of additive genetic diversity in natural F. excelsior
 populations can confer the species with important ability to recover, but
 that low resistance within natural European populations is to be expected
 due to a low frequency of the hypo-sensitive trees. Large effective
 population sizes will be required to avoid genetic bottlenecks. The role
 of artificial selection and breeding for protection of the species is
 discussed based on the findings.
description: ashBSOThis file contains
 observations over three years of symptoms on Fraxinus excelsior progenies
 due to damage of the EID Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus. Data are comma
 separated.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.341kj02
title: Data from: Sperm head morphology is associated with sperm swimming speed: a comparative study of songbirds using electron microscopy

description: Sperm exhibit extraordinary levels of morphological diversification across
 the animal kingdom. In songbirds, sperm have a helically shaped head
 incorporating a distinct acrosomal membrane or ‘helical keel’, the form
 and extent of which varies across species. The functional significance of
 this helical shape, however, remains unknown. Using scanning electron
 microscopy, we quantified inter- and intra-specific variation in sperm
 head morphology across 36 songbird species (Passeriformes: Passerida).
 Using phylogenetic comparative methods, we investigated the relationship
 between sperm head morphology and both sperm swimming speed and the
 frequency of extra-pair young (EPY). We found that species whose sperm had
 a relatively more pronounced helical form (i.e. long acrosome, short
 nucleus, wide helical membrane, and a more pronounced waveform along the
 sperm head ‘core’) had faster-swimming sperm. We found no evidence of a
 relationship between inter-specific variation in sperm head morphology and
 EPY, although we did find that among- and within-male variation in sperm
 head traits were negatively correlated with EPY. Applying principles of
 fluid mechanics, we discuss how the helical form of the sperm head may
 influence swimming speed, and suggest that further studies considering
 aspects of sperm morphology beyond sperm length are needed to improve our
 understanding of sperm structure-function relationships.
description: Raw data for 2289
 individuals of songbirdIndividual data points
 for each sperm cell (used to create the species mean values), as well as
 accession numbers for the sperm bank at the Natural History Museum in
 Oslo.SEM_rawdata.xlsxR codeR code for all analysesSEM_script_clean_02.R
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.989r4
title: Data from: Realistic heat pulses protect frogs from disease under simulated rainforest frog thermal regimes

description: Recent emergences of fungal diseases have caused catastrophic global
 losses of biodiversity. Temperature is one of the most important factors
 influencing host-fungus associations but the effects of temperature
 variability on disease development are rarely examined. The chytrid
 pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has had severe effects on
 populations of hundreds of rainforest-endemic amphibian species but we
 know little about the effects of rainforest-specific host body temperature
 cycles on infection patterns. To address this challenge, we used body
 temperature regimes experienced in nature by frogs in the Australian Wet
 Tropics to guide a controlled experiment investigating the effects of body
 temperature fluctuations on infection patterns in a model host (Litoria
 spenceri), with emphasis on exposing frogs to realistic ‘heat pulses’ that
 only marginally exceed the thermal optimum of the fungus. We then exposed
 cultured Bd to an expanded array of heat pulse treatments and measured
 parameters of population growth to help resolve the role of host immunity
 in our in vivo results. Infections developed more slowly in frogs exposed
 to daily 4-h heat pulses of 26°C or 29°C than in frogs in constant
 temperature treatments without heat pulses (control). Frogs that
 experienced heat pulses were also less likely to exceed infection
 intensities at which morbidity and mortality become likely. Ten of 11
 (91%) frogs from the daily 29°C heat pulse treatment even cleared their
 infections after approximately nine weeks. Cultured Bd also grew more
 slowly when exposed to heat pulses than in constant-temperature control
 treatments, suggesting that mild heat pulses have direct negative effects
 on Bd growth in nature, but precluding us from determining whether there
 was a concurrent benefit of heat pulses to host immunity. Our results
 suggest that even in habitats where average temperatures may be suitable
 for fungal growth and reproduction, infection risk or the outcome of
 existing infections may be heavily influenced by short but frequent
 exposures to temperatures that only slightly exceed the optimum for the
 fungus. Our findings provide support for management interventions that
 promote warm microenvironments for hosts, such as small-scale removal of
 branches overhanging critical habitat or provision of artificial heat
 sources.
description: Data for
 frogsdata_frogs.csvData for fungal culturesdata_Bd_cultures.csv
DOI: 10.15468/dl.s8ukhj
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 5152 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Tetragonisca angustula, Puma concolor)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "Country is Brazil"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 5152 records from 38 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000655-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nd362dn7
title: Data from: Phylogeography and species biogeography of montane Great Basin stoneflies

description: Sky islands are ideal systems for determining the effects of climatic
 oscillations on species distributions and genetic structure. Our study
 focused on montane stonefly populations in the Great Basin of western
 North America. We used niche-based distribution modelling, phylogeography
 and traditional species-based biogeography to test several hypotheses as
 follows: (i) genetic differentiation among Doroneuria baumanni populations
 will be independent of hydrologic connectivity (headwater model); (ii) Sky
 islands were colonized when habitat was more continuous and populations
 likely experienced multiple expansions and contractions; (iii)
 Colonization events were coincident with the late Pleistocene and
 Holocene; and (iv) Shared topography and climate history will result in
 concordant patterns of genetic differentiation in D. baumanni and
 occurrences of 32 stonefly species across the region. Overall, ΦST’s and
 coalescent-based estimates of migration were consistent with the headwater
 model. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian gene trees identified three major
 nonoverlapping east-west clades. Distribution modelling indicated more
 suitable habitat in the Great Basin during the Last Glacial Maximum than
 at present, but none during the last interglacial period. Demographic
 analyses showed evidence of population expansion in one of the three major
 east–west clades. Intra-clade divergence times (60 000–183 000 ybp) were
 well within the late Pleistocene while among-clade divergence times (499
 000–719 000 ybp) were deeper. Genetic differentiation in D. baumanni and
 distributions of stonefly species were significantly concordant. These
 results imply that climatic oscillations have played major roles in
 shaping the genetic structure and distributions of Great Basin stoneflies,
 but that divergence among clades occurred much earlier than our late
 Pleistocence/early Holocene predictions.
description: COB_1302Nexus file of all haplotypes including mtDNA COI and cytb genes, include California specimens with COI dataCOB_allwCA_1302This file contains data from all individuals used in this study, including Doroneuria theodora (DT), the outgroup. It is a concatenated set of COI and cytb genes.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h0f07
title: Data from: Local topography shapes fine-scale spatial genetic structure in the Arkansas Valley evening primrose, Oenothera harringtonii (Onagraceae)

description: Identifying factors that shape the spatial distribution of genetic
 variation is crucial to understanding many population- and landscape-level
 processes. In this study, we explore fine-scale spatial genetic structure
 in Oenothera harringtonii (Onagraceae), an insect-pollinated,
 gravity-dispersed herb endemic to the grasslands of south-central and
 southeastern Colorado, USA. We genotyped 315 individuals with 11
 microsatellite markers and utilized a combination of spatial
 autocorrelation analyses and landscape genetic models to relate life
 history traits and landscape features to dispersal processes. Spatial
 genetic structure was consistent with theoretical expectations of
 isolation by distance, but this pattern was weak (Sp = 0.00374).
 Anisotropic analyses indicated that spatial genetic structure was markedly
 directional, in this case consistent with increased dispersal along
 prominent slopes. Landscape genetic models subsequently confirmed that
 spatial genetic variation was significantly influenced by local
 topographic heterogeneity, specifically that geographic distance,
 elevation and aspect were important predictors of spatial genetic
 structure. Among these variables, geographic distance was ~68% more
 important than elevation in describing spatial genetic variation, and
 elevation was ~42% more important than aspect after removing the effect of
 geographic distance. From these results, we infer a mechanism of
 hydrochorous seed dispersal along major drainages aided by seasonal
 monsoon rains. Our findings suggest that landscape features may shape
 microevolutionary processes at much finer spatial scales than typically
 considered, and stress the importance of considering how particular
 dispersal vectors are influenced by their environmental context.
description: GenotypesThis file contains multilocus microsatellite genotypes for all individuals included in the study. Matt Rhodes collected these data in 2012 and 2013.Rhodes et al. 2014 - genotypes.xlsxSPAGeDi InputThis file contains SPAGeDi input for the population-wide SGS analysis (n=315) and the subsetted landscape genetic analysis (n=192), including UTM coordinates for all individuals included in the study.Rhodes et al. 2014 - SPAGeDi input.xlsxLandscape DataThis file contains raster values for elevation, slope and aspect for the subset of individuals (n=192) included in the landscape genetic analysis. Matt Rhodes and Jeremie Fant collected these data in 2013.Rhodes et al. 2014 - landscape data.xlsx