cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8cb69
title: Data from: The predictability and magnitude of life-history divergence to ecological agents of selection: a meta-analysis in livebearing fishes

description: Environments causing variation in age-specific mortality – ecological
 agents of selection – mediate the evolution of reproductive life-history
 traits. However, the relative magnitude of life-history divergence across
 selective agents, whether divergence in response to specific selective
 agents is consistent across taxa and whether it occurs as predicted by
 theory, remains largely unexplored. We evaluated divergence in offspring
 size, offspring number, and the trade-off between these traits using a
 meta-analysis in livebearing fishes (Poeciliidae). Life-history divergence
 was consistent and predictable to some (predation, hydrogen sulphide) but
 not all (density, food limitation, salinity) selective agents. In
 contrast, magnitudes of divergence among selective agents were similar.
 Finally, there was a negative, asymmetric relationship between
 offspring-number and offspring-size divergence, suggesting greater costs
 of increasing offspring size than number. Ultimately, these results
 provide strong evidence for predictable and consistent patterns of
 reproductive life-history divergence and highlight the importance of
 comparing phenotypic divergence across species and ecological selective
 agents.
description: Moore_Riesch_Martin_2016_All_Species_Divergencessee ReadMe file for meta-dataMoore_Riesch_Martin_2016_Divergence_Trade_offssee ReadMe file for meta-data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tn86f
title: Data from: Hatching late in the season requires flexibility in the timing of song learning

description: Most songbirds learn their songs from adult tutors, who can be their
 father or other male conspecifics. However, the variables that control
 song learning in a natural social context are largely unknown. We
 investigated whether the time of hatching of male domesticated canaries
 has an impact on their song development and on the neuroendocrine
 parameters of the song control system. Average age difference between
 early- and late-hatched males was 50 days with a maximum of 90 days. Song
 activity of adult tutor males decreased significantly during the breeding
 season. While early-hatched males were exposed to tutor songs for on
 average the first 99 days, late-hatched peers heard adult song only during
 the first 48 days of life. Remarkably, although hatching late in the
 season negatively affected body condition, no differences between both
 groups of males were found in song characteristics either in autumn or in
 the following spring. Similarly, hatching date had no effect on song
 nucleus size and circulating testosterone levels. Our data suggest that
 late-hatched males must have undergone accelerated song development.
 Furthermore, the limited tutor song exposure did not affect adult song
 organization and song performance.
description: song_activity_tutorsData on song activity of adult tutors in the aviarySong_parameters_testosteroneData on song activity, song length, single syllables, syllable repetition rate, repertoire size, and plasma testosterone levels of offspringOffspring ageData on birth date and age at recording sessionsOffspring morphologyData on offspring body mass and HVC volume
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j87v3
title: Data from: Clinical trial transparency: a reassessment of industry compliance with clinical trial registration and reporting requirements in the United States

description: Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of a 2015 cross-sectional analysis
 published in the BMJ Open which reported that pharmaceutical industry
 compliance with clinical trial registration and results reporting
 requirements under United States law was suboptimal and varied widely
 among companies. Design: We performed a re-assessment of the data reported
 in Miller et al. to evaluate whether statutory compliance analyses and
 conclusions were valid. Data Sources: Information from the Dryad Digital
 Repository, ClinicalTrials.gov, Drugs@FDA, and direct communications with
 sponsors. Main outcome measures: Compliance with the clinical trial
 registration and results reporting requirements under the Food and Drug
 Administration Amendments Act (FDAAA). Results: Industry compliance with
 FDAAA disclosure requirements was notably higher than reported by Miller
 et al. Among trials subject to FDAAA, Miller et al. reported that, per
 drug, a median of 67% (middle 50% range: 0–100%) of trials were fully
 compliant with registration and results reporting requirements. Upon
 re-analysis of the data, we found that a median of 100% (middle 50% range:
 93–100%) of clinical trials for a particular drug fully complied with the
 law. When looking at overall compliance at the trial level, our
 re-assessment yields 94% timely registration and 90% timely results
 reporting among the 49 eligible trials, and an overall FDAAA compliance
 rate of 86%. Conclusions: The claim by Miller et al. that industry
 compliance is below legal standards is based on an analysis that relies
 upon an incomplete dataset and an interpretation of FDAAA that requires
 disclosure of study results for drugs that have not yet been approved for
 any indication. Upon re-analysis using a different interpretation of FDAAA
 that focuses on whether results were disclosed within 30 days of drug
 approval, we found that industry compliance with U.S. statutory disclosure
 requirements for the 15 reviewed drugs was consistently high.
description: Final_Lassman et al Data
 Tables and AnalysisThe data file contains,
 among other details, sponsor, study ID, registration timing, and results
 reporting information for each of the 15 drugs included in our reanalysis
 of the following paper: Miller JE, Korn D, Ross JS. Clinical trial
 registration, reporting, publication and FDAAA compliance: a
 cross-sectional analysis and ranking of new drugs approved by the FDA in
 2012. BMJ Open 2015; 5: e009758. doi:10. 1136/bmjopen-2015-009758. The
 data file also contains our compliance calculations and flags the
 differences, per trial, between our reanalysis and the findings of the
 original study.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.08mg597
title: Data from: A versatile method for assessing pathogenicity of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus to ash foliage

description: We describe a method for inoculating rachises of Fraxinus excelsior
 (European or common ash) with Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, which is faster
 than previous methods and allows associated foliar symptoms to be assessed
 on replicate leaves. A total of ten ash seedlings were inoculated with
 five isolates of H. fraxineus and lesion development assessed over four
 weeks. A five‐point disease progress scale of symptom development was
 developed from no lesion (0), lesion on rachis (1), “pre‐top dead,” with
 curling of distal leaflets and bending of the rachis (2), top dead, with
 wilting and death of distal leaflets (3) to leaf abscission (4). The
 method revealed variation in aggressiveness of H. fraxinus isolates and
 may be suitable for assessing the resistance of F. excelsior and other
 Fraxinus species to dieback. The in vitro growth rate of H. fraxineus
 isolates was highly correlated with both disease progress and the length
 of rachis lesions on susceptible plants, indicating that it can be used as
 a preliminary step in selecting isolates with high aggressiveness for use
 in resistance screening.
description: H.fraxineus data from
 Orton et al., Forest Pathology doi 10.1111/efp.12484Data on in vitro growth
 rates, lesion lengths and disease progress scores.Orton, Hfrax inoculation,
 Forest Path 12484.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2t3sn
title: Data from: Drought history affects grassland plant and microbial carbon turnover during and after a subsequent drought event

description: Drought periods are projected to become more severe and more frequent in
 many European regions. While effects of single strong droughts on plant
 and microbial carbon (C) dynamics have been studied in some detail,
 impacts of recurrent drought events are still little understood. We tested
 whether the legacy of extreme experimental drought affects responses of
 plant and microbial C and nitrogen (N) turnover to further drought and
 rewetting. In a mountain grassland we conducted a 13C pulse-chase
 experiment during a naturally occurring drought and rewetting event in
 plots previously exposed to experimental droughts, and in ambient
 controls. After labelling we traced 13C below-ground allocation and
 incorporation into soil microbes using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFAs)
 biomarkers. Drought history had no effects on the standing shoot and fine
 root plant biomass. However, plants with experimental drought history
 displayed decreased shoot N concentrations, and increased fine root N
 concentrations relative to those in ambient controls. During the natural
 drought plants with drought history assimilated and allocated less 13C
 below-ground; moreover, fine root respiration was reduced and not fuelled
 by fresh C compared to plants in ambient controls. Regardless of drought
 history microbial biomass remained stable during natural drought and
 rewetting. Although microbial communities initially differed in their
 composition between soils with and without drought history, they responded
 to the natural drought and rewetting in a similar way: gram-positive
 bacteria increased, while fungal and gram-negative bacteria remained
 stable. In soils with drought history a strongly reduced uptake of recent
 plant-derived 13C in microbial biomarkers was observed during the natural
 drought, pointing to a smaller fraction of active microbes or to a
 microbial community that is less dependent on plant C. Synthesis: Drought
 history can induce changes in above- versus below-ground plant N
 concentrations and affect the response of plant C turnover to further
 droughts and rewetting by decreasing plant C uptake and below-ground
 allocation. Drought history does not affect the responses of the microbial
 community to further droughts and rewetting, but alters microbial
 functioning, particularly the turnover of recent plant-derived carbon,
 during and after further drought periods.
description: Drought history effects
 on plant and soil microbial C dynamicsData derived from a
 multi-year drought experiment testing the effect of drought history on the
 response of plants and soil microbes and their C turnover during and after
 a further drought by conducting a 13C pulse-chase labelling study. Data
 were collected in 2011, the experiments were conducted in the Austrian
 Central Alps on a extnsively managed meadow. All abbreviations used in the
 excel file can be found in the ReadMe! tab.Drought-history-alldata-dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g76t8
title: Data from: Catch the wave: prairie dogs assess neighbours' awareness using contagious displays

description: The jump–yip display of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)
 is contagious, spreading through a prairie dog town as ‘the wave’ through
 a stadium. Because contagious communication in primates serves to assess
 conspecific social awareness, we investigated whether instigators of
 jump–yip bouts adjusted their behaviour relative to the response of
 conspecifics recruited to display bouts. Increased responsiveness of
 neighbouring town members resulted in bout initiators devoting a
 significantly greater proportion of time to active foraging. Contagious
 jump–yips thus function to assess neighbours’ alertness, soliciting social
 information to assess effective conspecific group size in real time and
 reveal active probing of conspecific awareness consistent with theory of
 mind in these group-living rodents.
description: PdogContagiousDataMicrosoft Excel xlsx file with data from the final data set of 27 black-tailed prairie dog jump yip bouts summarized with each bout's data in rows, the first column (Rob's bout) giving a unique site and bout identifier, the second (Latency) the latency in seconds to initial response, the third the duration of the bout (Duration) in seconds from the initial response to the end of the final jump yip within the bout, the third (Responses) the number of jump-yip responses in the bout, the fifth (ppn vigilant) is the proportion of time the bout instigator devoted to vigilance in the one minute subsequent to the instigator's call, and the sixth (total forg), the proportion of time in the minute subsequent to the bout instigator's call that the bout instigator devoted to active foraging.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sc41rn3
title: Data from: Ecosystem carbon exchange on conversion of Conservation Reserve Program grasslands to annual and perennial cropping systems

description: Land use changes into and out of agricultural production may substantially
 influence ecosystem carbon (C) balance for many years. We examined
 ecosystem C balances for eight years after the conversion of 22 year-old
 Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands and formerly tilled
 agricultural fields (AGR) to annual (continuous no-till corn) and
 perennial (switchgrass and restored prairie) cropland. An unconverted CRP
 field (CRP-Ref) was maintained as a historical reference. Ecosystem C
 balance was assessed using adjusted net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEEadj)
 calculated by adding C removed in harvested biomass to NEE measured using
 eddy covariance method. The cumulative NEEadj of the corn and perennial
 systems on former CRP fields showed that these systems were a net C source
 to the atmosphere over the 8-year period while on former AGR fields, the
 perennial systems were net C sinks and the corn system near-neutral. The
 CRP-Ref was near neutral until a drought year when it became a net source.
 The corn system on the CRP field will likely reach a new lower soil C
 equilibrium at least 14 years after conversion but will never regain the C
 lost upon conversion under current no-till management with residue
 partially removed. On the other hand, the perennial systems could fully
 regain in ~14 years the C lost following conversion. The cumulative NEEadj
 of the corn systems exhibited a higher C emission than did the perennial
 systems within the same land use histories, reflecting the dominant role
 of crop type and management in agricultural ecosystem C balance. Results
 suggest that converting croplands to grasslands results in immediate C
 gains whereas converting grasslands to croplands results in permanent
 (no-till corn with partial residue removal) or temporary (perennial
 herbaceous crops) net C loss to the atmosphere. This has a significant
 implications for global climate change mitigation where biomass production
 from annual and perennial crops is promoted to avoid fossil-fuel C
 emissions (biofuel) or to remove CO2 from the atmosphere (bioenergy C
 capture and storage).
description: Net Ecoystem Exchange
 and C in harvestAbraha_2018_AgricForestMeteorol_EcosystemCarbonExchanges.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g4623
title: Data from: Forest fragmentation and loss reduce richness, availability, and specialization in tropical hummingbird communities

description: Hummingbirds are important pollinators of many native Neotropical plants
 but their abundance and diversity in landscapes dominated by intensive
 human uses such as agriculture have rarely been examined, despite such
 land-uses prevailing in the tropics. We examined how tropical
 deforestation affects hummingbird community structure in premontane forest
 patches embedded in a tropical countryside of Coto Brus Canton, Costa
 Rica. We captured hummingbirds in fourteen landscapes representing a
 gradient in patch size and forest amount, and tested for the effects of
 these variables on (1) hummingbird captures at flowers (pollinator
 availability); (2) species richness; and (3) filtering of functional
 traits. After accounting for sampling effects, both hummingbird
 availability and species richness declined by 40% and 50%, respectively,
 across the gradient in deforestation that we observed (9–66% forest within
 1000 m). Focal patch size was the strongest predictor, even after
 statistically accounting for the amount of forest and matrix composition
 of landscapes. These reductions in availability and richness were well
 predicted by functional traits; morphologically specialized species with
 the capacity to transport long-distance outcrossed pollen and low
 functional redundancy within the pollinator network showed the greatest
 sensitivity to landscape change. We hypothesize that declines in
 hummingbird availability, diversity, and functional traits are important
 mechanisms driving the observed pollen limitation of ornithophilous
 flowers in fragmented tropical landscapes. Efforts to conserve large
 forest patches and enhance matrix permeability are critical for
 maintaining forest hummingbird communities and pollination services under
 current and predicted deforestation regimes.
description: Hummingbird community,
 local site characteristics, and landscape metricsData on hummingbirds
 captures at each sampling site and local and landscape covariates used in
 the analysis. First tab/sheet (DATA) contains the data, the second
 tab/sheet (COLUMN NAMES) contains the column
 descriptions.Hadley_Frey_et_al_2017_Biotropica_Dryad_hummingbird_CR_data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m58sp14
title: Data from: Reproduction as a bottleneck to treeline advance across the circumarctic forest tundra ecotone

description: The fundamental niche of many species is shifting with climate change,
 especially in sub-arctic ecosystems with pronounced recent warming.
 Ongoing warming in sub-arctic regions should lessen environmental
 constraints on tree growth and reproduction, leading to increased success
 of trees colonising tundra. Nevertheless, variable responses of treeline
 ecotones have been documented in association with warming temperatures.
 One explanation for time lags between increasingly favourable
 environmental conditions and treeline ecotone movement is reproductive
 limitations caused by low seed availability. Our objective was to assess
 the reproductive constraints of the dominant tree species at the treeline
 ecotone in the circumpolar north. We sampled reproductive structures of
 trees (cones and catkins) and stand attributes across circumarctic
 treeline ecotones. We used generalized linear mixed models to estimate the
 sensitivity of seed production and the availability of viable seed to
 regional climate, stand structure, and species-specific characteristics.
 Both seed production and viability of available seed were strongly driven
 by specific, sequential seasonal climatic conditions, but in different
 ways. Seed production was greatest when growing seasons with more growing
 degree days coincided with years with high precipitation. Two consecutive
 years with more growing degree days and low precipitation resulted in low
 seed production. Seasonal climate effects on the viability of available
 seed depended on the physical characteristics of the reproductive
 structures. Large-coned and -seeded species take more time to develop
 mature embryos and were therefore more sensitive to increases in growing
 degree days in the year of flowering and embryo development. Our findings
 suggest that both moisture stress and abbreviated growing seasons can have
 a notable negative influence on the production and viability of available
 seed at treeline. Our synthesis revealed that constraints on predispersal
 reproduction within the treeline ecotone might create a considerable time
 lag for range expansion of tree populations into tundra ecosystems.
description: Treeline Reproduction
 DataData from Brown et al.
 Ecography reproductive potential at treeline. Data from circumarctic
 treeline stands. Seed production and viability of available
 seeds.Brown_etal_Ecography_TreelineReproData_Dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c3s62
title: Data from: An integrated approach to historical population assessment of the great whales: case of the New Zealand southern right whale

description: Accurate estimation of historical abundance provides an essential baseline
 for judging the recovery of the great whales. This is particularly
 challenging for whales hunted prior to twentieth century modern whaling,
 as population-level catch records are often incomplete. Assessments of
 whale recovery using pre-modern exploitation indices are therefore rare,
 despite the intensive, global nature of nineteenth century whaling. Right
 whales (Eubalaena spp.) were particularly exploited: slow swimmers with
 strong fidelity to sheltered calving bays, the species made predictable
 and easy targets. Here, we present the first integrated population-level
 assessment of the whaling impact and pre-exploitation abundance of a right
 whale, the New Zealand southern right whale (E. australis). In this
 assessment, we use a Bayesian population dynamics model integrating
 multiple data sources: nineteenth century catches, genetic constraints on
 bottleneck size and individual sightings histories informing abundance and
 trend. Different catch allocation scenarios are explored to account for
 uncertainty in the population's offshore distribution. From a
 pre-exploitation abundance of 28 800–47 100 whales, nineteenth century
 hunting reduced the population to approximately 30–40 mature females
 between 1914 and 1926. Today, it stands at less than 12% of
 pre-exploitation abundance. Despite the challenges of reconstructing
 historical catches and population boundaries, conservation efforts of
 historically exploited species benefit from targets for ecological
 restoration.
description: Southern right whale
 population modelThis is the R script
 used to conduct the population assessments. Two example calls are also
 given.SRW_SIR_pop_model_REV.rSouthern right whale catch series for New Zealand and Southeast PacificCatch series data, as described in Carroll et al. 2014 (PLoS One 9:e93789), for input into population assessment model.Catch_inputs.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.156
title: Data from: The avifauna of the Galapagos Islands

description: [No abstract entered]
description: Morphological
 Measurements of Galapagos FinchesmorphSwarth.TABmorphSwarth.xls
DOI: 10.15468/dl.za24ak
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 22 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Loasa tricolor",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 22 records from 11 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001078-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.