DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17532220
title: Buddhist Classics AI Translation Series Vol.14:Pāli Canon in Tibetan, English, Japanese, Korean Version 1.0

description: # Buddhist Classics AI Translation Series Vol.14: Pāli Canon in Tibetan, English, Japanese, Korean 1.0

## Special Notes

### Three Unique Features of This Volume

1. **Additional Archives**     - Contains encrypted attachments from Volume 13 (not publicly accessible)     - Complete archive of Volume 4  

2. **Structural Changes**     This volume has a completely different structure from previous volumes. Each Pāli source file generates **six output files**:   - Original Pāli segmented template (`.pali.split.txt`)   - English translation (`.en.txt`)   - Tibetan translation (`.bo.txt`)   - Japanese translation (`.ja.txt`)   - Korean translation (`.ko.txt`)      **Unified segment markers**: All files use English-format segment markers, e.g., `==================== Segment 1 ====================`

3. **Model Usage Notes**     - All texts generated by **Gemini 2.5**     - All table of contents translations generated by **Gemini 2.0**     - The following sub-volumes' ending sections use Gemini 2.0:     - B02 - B020205Khuddakanikāya (1250+)     - B03 - B030308Abhidhammāvatāra-purāṇaṭīkā (59+)     - B04 - B040610Abhidhānappadīpikāpāṭha (240+)

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## Translation Quality Differences Analysis

Based on Grok3's evaluation of **Segment 5**:

### Tibetan Translation- **Strengths**: Precise terminology, adherence to monastic discipline traditions, formal tone- **Features**: Uses technical terms like `འདུག་སྟངས་ཀྱིས་བྱ་དགོས` (must be handled in sitting posture)

### Korean Translation- **Strengths**: Modern, highly readable- **Features**: Uses phrases like `앉은 죄로 처벌해야 한다` (punish for the sitting offense), more colloquial- **Limitation**: Slightly less depth in terminology compared to Tibetan

**Conclusion**: Even when using the same AI system, translation details and reception differ across languages due to their distinct historical and cultural backgrounds.

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## Origin and Background

This volume originated at the end of 2024 during the production of Volume 4 of the Buddhist Classics AI Translation Series. A Tibetan Buddhist practitioner expressed aspiration to complete the Chinese Saṃyuktāgama into Tibetan, prompting AI translation experiments. Test projects included:

- B010203Saṃyuttanikāya (Connected Discourses) Pāli to Tibetan  - T02n0099 Saṃyuktāgama Chinese to Tibetan  - T1648 Vimuttimagga Chinese-Tibetan-Pāli-English interlinear  

**Historical Significance**:  The Four Āgamas and Five Nikāyas have no complete Tibetan translations. This project fills the gap in Tibetan Buddhist literature regarding Theravāda canonical texts, providing documentary foundation for researching the complementarity between Pāli and Tibetan scholastic systems.

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## Technical Details

### Translation System- **Primary model**: Google Gemini 2.5  - **Auxiliary model**: Google Gemini 2.0 (table of contents and partial endings)  - **Segmentation method**: Intelligent recognition of Pāli punctuation (`.`, `?`, `;`, `–`, `…`)  

### Known Issues- Due to network conditions, **entire segments may be missing**; readers need to self-remedy  - Segment beginnings may repeat the previous segment's ending for verification against text loss  

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## Historical Background Supplement

### Connections Between Sri Lankan and Chinese Buddhism

#### Bhikkhunī Lineage Transmission- 3rd century CE: Bhikkhunī Sanghamitta transmitted bhikkhunī precepts to Sri Lanka  - 429 CE (6th year of Yuanjia, Southern Song): Sri Lankan bhikkhunīs transmitted ordination to China, establishing Tiesaluo Temple  - **Significance**: China became the country with the longest-preserved complete bhikkhunī lineage  

#### Historical Exchanges- **Faxian** (337-422): Studied at Abhayagiri Monastery for 2 years, copied Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures  - **Huiri Tripiṭaka** (683-748): Stayed in Sri Lanka for 3 years, studying Theravāda Vinaya  - **Master Taixu** (1890-1947): Visited Sri Lanka in 1940, promoting internationalization of "Humanistic Buddhism"  

### Connections Between Pāli Tipiṭaka and Tibetan Buddhism

**Potential Documentary Clues**:- Comparison between *Ratnolkādhāraṇī Mahātantra* and B01020512Buddhavaṃsapāḷi (Buddhavaṃsa)  - Historical intersections between Abhayagiri tradition and New Translation tantric traditions  - Techniques in Longchenpa's *Word Commentary Treasury* similar to Theravāda practices  

**Suggested Research Directions**:- Collate B01020512 with buddhavaṃsas in Nyingma's 100,000 Tantras  - Search keywords: "root," "suffix," "prefix"  

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## Usage Recommendations

1. **Search Function**: Use electronic search tools (e.g., `grep`, `Everything`) to locate specific terms  2. **Comparative Reading**: Six-language parallel texts useful for linguistic research and translation quality comparison  3. **Academic Citation**: For rigorous citation, verify against original text (included as `.pali.split.txt`)  

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## Acknowledgments

- Thanks to authors of *The Primordial Luminosity* for editorial and preface suggestions  - Thanks to all participating editors and reviewers  

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## Related Resources

- Original data source: [https://tipitaka.org/romn/](https://tipitaka.org/romn/)  - Contact address: [Xinwen Wuzhe Forum](http://www.xinwenwuzhe.com/)  - Related project: Buddhist Classics AI Translation Series Vol. 4 (Pāli Tipiṭaka 1.1)  

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**Editor's Note**: Part of this volume's description is adopted from Volume 4's documentation, with supplements specific to Volume 14's characteristics.

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## File Structure

 
description: # 佛典AI译丛第十四卷:藏英日韩译巴利文大藏经1.0版

## 特别说明

### 本卷的三大特点

1. **额外存档**     - 包含第13卷加密附件(不公开)     - 第4卷完整存档  

2. **数据结构变更**     本卷与之前各卷的结构完全不同。每个巴利文原稿文件将生成**六个输出文件**:   - 原始巴利文分段样板 (`.pali.split.txt`)   - 英语翻译 (`.en.txt`)   - 藏语翻译 (`.bo.txt`)   - 日语翻译 (`.ja.txt`)   - 韩语翻译 (`.ko.txt`)      **统一段落标记**:所有文件使用英语格式段落标记,如 `==================== Segment 1 ====================`

3. **模型混用说明**     - 所有文本由 **Gemini 2.5** 生成     - 所有目录翻译由 **Gemini 2.0** 生成     - 以下分卷末尾使用 Gemini 2.0:     - B02 - B020205Khuddakanikāya(1250+)     - B03 - B030308Abhidhammāvatāra-purāṇaṭīkā(59+)     - B04 - B040610Abhidhānappadīpikāpāṭha(240+)

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## 翻译质量差异分析

根据 Grok3 对**第五分段**的评估:

### 藏语翻译- **优势**:术语精确、符合戒律传统、语气严谨- **特点**:使用如 `འདུག་སྟངས་ཀྱིས་བྱ་དགོས`(必须以坐的方式处理)等技术性术语

### 韩语翻译- **优势**:现代化、可读性强- **特点**:如 `앉은 죄로 처벌해야 한다`(以坐的罪行处理),更口语化- **略逊**:部分术语深度不及藏语

**结论**:即使使用同一AI系统,不同语言的翻译细节和感受仍有差异,这与语言本身的历史文化背景密切相关。

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## 缘起与背景

本卷缘起于2024年底,佛典AI译丛制作第四卷时,某藏族法友发心将《杂阿含经》补全到藏文,测试AI佛教文献译藏潜力。当时的测试项目为:

- B010203Saṃyuttanikāya(相应部)巴利译藏  - T02n0099杂阿含经 汉译藏  - T1648解脱道论 汉藏巴利英互译  

**历史意义**:  四阿含、五尼柯耶均无完整藏译。此次翻译填补了藏传佛教对南传经典的空白,为研究巴利与藏传学术系统的互补性提供了文献基础。

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## 技术细节

### 翻译系统- **主模型**:Google Gemini 2.5  - **辅助模型**:Google Gemini 2.0(目录及部分末尾内容)  - **分段方法**:智能识别巴利文标点(`.`, `?`, `;`, `–`, `…`)  

### 已知问题- 因网络原因可能有**整段遗漏**,需读者自行修补  - 段落开头可能重复前一段结尾,用于校验防脱文  

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## 历史背景补充

### 斯里兰卡与汉传佛教的渊源

#### 比丘尼律传承- 公元3世纪:僧伽蜜多(Sanghamitta)比丘尼将比丘尼律传入斯里兰卡  - 南朝宋元嘉六年(429):斯里兰卡比丘尼传戒至中国,建立铁萨罗寺  - **意义**:中国成为当今世界保存完整比丘尼传承最久的国家  

#### 历史交流- **法显**(337-422):在无畏山寺学习2年,抄写梵文佛经  - **慧日三藏**(683-748):在斯里兰卡停留3年,研习上座部律藏  - **太虚大师**(1890-1947):1940年访问斯里兰卡,推动"人间佛教"国际化  

### 巴利文大藏经与藏传佛教的联系

**可能的文献线索**:- 《宝生声应成大续》与 B01020512Buddhavaṃsapāḷi(佛系谱)的对照  - 无畏山派与新派密法的历史交集  - 龙钦巴《词义宝藏论》中与南传接近的技法  

**建议研究方向**:- 对勘 B01020512 与宁玛十万续中的佛系谱  - 检索关键词:"词根""词缀""前缀"  

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## 使用建议

1. **检索功能**:建议使用电子检索工具(如 `grep`, `Everything`)查找特定术语  2. **对照阅读**:六语对照可用于语言学研究和翻译质量比较  3. **学术引用**:如需严谨引用,请核对原文(附带 `.pali.split.txt`)  

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## 致谢

- 感谢《本初的光明》作者对编辑和序言的建议  - 感谢所有参与审读的老师  

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## 相关资源

- 原文数据来源:[https://tipitaka.org/romn/](https://tipitaka.org/romn/)  - 联系地址:[心闻无遮论坛](http://www.xinwenwuzhe.com/)  - 相关项目:佛典AI译丛第四卷(巴利文大藏经 1.1版)