DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qv9s4mwd6
title: Ecology directs host-parasite coevolutionary trajectories across Daphnia-microparasite populations

description: Host-parasite interactions often fuel coevolutionary change. However,
 parasitism is one of a myriad of possible ecological interactions in
 nature. Biotic (e.g., predation) and abiotic (e.g., temperature) variation
 can amplify or dilute parasitism as a selective force on hosts and
 parasites, driving population variation in (co)evolutionary trajectories.
 We dissected the relationships between wider ecology and coevolutionary
 trajectory using 16 ecologically complex Daphnia magna-Pasteuria ramosa
 ponds seeded with an identical starting host (Daphnia) and parasite
 (Pasteuria) population. We show, using a time-shift experiment and outdoor
 population data, how multivariate biotic and abiotic ecological
 differences between ponds caused coevolutionary divergence. Wider ecology
 drove variation in host evolution of resistance, but not parasite
 infectivity; parasites subsequently coevolved in response to the changing
 complement of host genotypes, such that parasites adapted to historically
 resistant host genotypes. Parasitism was a stronger interaction for the
 parasite than for its host, likely because the host is the principal
 environment and selective force, whereas for hosts, parasite-mediated
 selection is one of many sources of selection. Our findings reveal the
 mechanisms through which wider ecology creates coevolutionary hotspots and
 coldspots in biologically realistic arenas of host-parasite interaction,
 and sheds light on how the ecological theatre can affect the
 (co)evolutionary play.
description: This Excel file comprises four datasets: 1.
 Population data  On the listed dates, various
 environmental variables, Daphnia counts and Daphnia predator (Charobarus
 larvae) counts were made from 16 experimental populations.
 2. Time Shift Experiment data  These data
 resulted from a laboratory infection experiment where twelve Daphnia
 genotypes were exposed to a fixed dose of Pasteuria spores from one of 17
 possible parasite isolates. Sixteen of the isolates were collected from
 one of the the sixteen experimental ponds, and the seventeenth isolate was
 the ancestral parasite used to seed each of the ponds. There were three
 replicates per parasite isolate and thus a ouoal of 612 experimental unit.
 Each experimental unit comprosed of a single jar containing eight
 Daphnia.  This dataset also contains the final
 frequency of each Daphnia genotype within each population at the time when
 the parasite isolates were sampled (all Daphnia genotypes were at
 frequency = 0.833 at the beginning of the field experiment, when the
 ancestral parasite isolate wqas placed in each pond).
 3. Pairwise Eco Coevo data Using the
 population data (1, above) we calculated the average for each of the
 environmental variables described in the manuscript (except for
 temperature, where the variance was also determined) between Julian Days
 106 and 200. A Principal Components Analysis was then conducted and the
 pairwise Mahalanobian distances was determined between each population in
 twrms of multivariate ecological space. We then calculated the pairwise
 Malanobian distances in terms of coevolutionary space also, using the
 Coevo data (3, above). The companion R code uses these
 datasets.
description: The four datasets listed above are sufficient to recreate all
 analyses conducted within the manuscript. 1. Population
 data  To determine the desities of adult Daphnia, the
 raw counts need to be divided by the number of net sweeps x the volume of
 each sweep. U denotes unmixed ponds and M denotes mixed ponds.
 4. Pairwise Eco Coevo data This was calulated
 using the companion R code.