cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.18462/iir.icr.2015.0907
title: Experimental investigation on refrigerant flow distribution of microchannel evaporator.

description: Four different options for refrigerant flow distribution of micro channel evaporator were experimentally investigated and analyzed under standard conditions. Experimental results show that the distributor can improve the refrigerant flow distribution of micro channel evaporator, and the distributor with a deflector can further improve the performance, the capacity can increase by 7% to 9%, EER can increase by about 3%. The accumulator can bypass the vapor refrigerant directly into the evaporator outlet and the liquid refrigerant enter the inlet manifold which make the refrigerant distribution uniform in the micro channel evaporator. Compared with the baseline, the capacity can increase by 6.9% and EER can increase by 7.7%. Compared with distributor, the EER of accumulator can increase 5%.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.icr.2015.0909
title: Operation and exergy analysis of supersonic R134A ejector by low-Reynolds number turbulence model.

description: A single-phase supersonic ejector with R134a as working fluid was modeled using a Low-Reynolds Number approach for the solution of the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. Results are validated against experimental data by García del Valle et al. (2014) and compared with a High-Reynolds Number model previously analysed by Croquer et al. (2015), showing losses dependency on shock-wave structure and operating conditions.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.icr.2015.0910
title: Parameter optimization of solar-assisted liquid desiccant cooling system: a case study in Hong Kong.

description: By using a liquid desiccant ventilation system for dehumidification and an air-handling unit for cooling, the liquid desiccant cooling system (LDCS) system became a promising alternative for traditional technology. Solar thermal energy is suitable to deal with the heat requirement of LDCS in buildings, especially in the areas with abundant solar radiation. The energy saving of solar-assisted liquid desiccant air-conditioning system is significantly affected by various operation conditions, and multi-parameter optimization was necessary to improve the system applicability. In this paper, we investigated the impact of five main parameters on the system performance via self-developed system modelling, including the solution mass flow rate, concentration, cooling tower flow rate, and solar water flow rate and installation area of solar collector. A typical commercial building in Hong Kong was selected as a case study, which air-conditioning load was obtained by Energy-plus. The results indicated that the installation area of solar collector showed the greatest impact, and the effect of heating water flow rate was also important. The effect of desiccant flow rate was significant, but the influence of solution concentration was slight. Then, the multi-parameter optimization was conducted for obtaining a maximum annual electricity saving rate based on the Multi-Population Genetic Algorithm. The optimized installation area of solar collector was 72 m2, and the heating water flow rate was 0.66 kg/s. The optimized solution flow rate was 0.17 kg/s. The required cooling water flow rate was around 0.8 kg/s.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.icr.2015.0911
title: Refrigeration equipment pull down tests: a tool for energy saving.

description: Some four million transport refrigeration units are in service worldwide. Their global energy consumption is higher than 8 million Tep per year and their global CO2 emission is over 25 million tons per year. The energy performance of these units depends on their design and age. Older units, and those that are not properly maintained, are likely to be less efficient. Thousands of pull down tests, described in the international agreement for the transport of perishable food (ATP), are carried out yearly by manufacturers and technical centers. These tests provide a large source of information. This paper presents method for data analysis. The data provided by manufacturers for new equipment is also considered. This method allows us to use existing practical tests results as a tool to manage energy savings in refrigerated transport.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.icr.2015.0913
title: Studies on the performance characteristics of the vapor injection heat pump system in electric vehicle.

description: In recently, the electric vehicle has gained a lot of attention and many automobile companies are developing the vehicle. Unlike an internal combustion vehicle, the electric vehicle heat pump system needs electric power when a driver wants to increase temperature of the cabin although the performance is decrease. Therefore the heat pump system of electric vehicle has restriction on account of power efficiency. These problems in electric vehicle are more severe when the outside temperature is extremely cold and therefore the alternative heat pump system is demanded. A vapor injection heat pump system obtains not only the additional subcooled degree, but also mass flow increase. From these principles, it is expected that the vapor injection heat pump system increase the performance of heat pump in cold weather. In this study, the simulation of vapor injection scroll compressor was conducted and performance analysis of vapor injection heat pump system was investigated.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cct5pbz
title: CCDC 750241: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Fung-E Hong|2016|CSD Communication|||
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1131bj
title: CCDC 956236: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Fung-E Hong, Chan-Yu Hu|2016|CSD Communication|||
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1131ck
title: CCDC 956237: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Fung-E Hong, Chan-Yu Hu|2016|CSD Communication|||
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.ccz6mrj
title: CCDC 900108: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Fung-E Hong, Meng-Fan Chang|2016|CSD Communication|||
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.icr.2015.0916
title: Evaluation of performance of heat pump system using R32 and HFO-mixed refrigerant.

description: Recently several refrigerants have been lined up as candidate alternatives to R410A in order to prevent further global warming and to promote saving energy. We have selected R32 from among these candidates; however it is important to continue comparing it to other refrigerants in search for an even better choice. Therefore we carried out evaluation of the new R32/R1234ze(70/30) refrigerant by comparing its COP and compressor discharge temperature etc. to those of R410A, and the results of R32. We also conducted analysis regarding the drop of COP during Cooling operation in case of high outside temperature. As a result, we found that the COP of R32 is superior to the other refrigerants due especially to its small amount of pressure loss. As the discharge temperature for both the R32/R1234ze(70/30) refrigerant and R32 was roughly the same, we re-confirmed that there is no problem using R32. Additionally, for non-azeotropic refrigerants such as R32/R1234ze(70/30), a Temperature Glide occurs during phase change. During the current evaluation, we came across a number of performance degradation phenomena thought to be caused by this glide. Meanwhile, we compared the COPs in the high ambient temperature, and recognized that the superiority of R32 in the 35°C ambient could be obtained also at higher ambient temperature. From the above, we confirmed that R32 is indeed the best candidate at present. Even though we will continue to carry out evaluation in search for a better candidate.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1131fm
title: CCDC 956239: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Fung-E Hong, Chan-Yu Hu|2016|CSD Communication|||
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc12kvyf
title: CCDC 1000275: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Fung-E Hong, Chen-Ya Hsiao|2016|CSD Communication|||
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1j27wq
title: CCDC 1402343: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Fung-E Hong, Pei-Yun Ho|2016|CSD Communication|||
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1j27xr
title: CCDC 1402344: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Fung-E Hong, Pei-Yun Ho|2016|CSD Communication|||
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.icr.2015.0917
title: Evaluation of the system and compressor reliability.

description: Recently, low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants have attracted attention as an alternative to the most commonly used refrigerants. We considered R32 as an alternative to R410A because of its low GWP and energy saving characteristics. This study focused on the selection of a suitable refrigeration oil for R32 that would not compromise compressor reliability. We found R32 to be poorly miscible with refrigeration oils used for R410A. This, combined with a higher discharge gas temperature for R32 compared to R410A, would result in lower compressor reliability. We selected a refrigeration oil suitable for R32 and confirmed compressor reliability equivalent to R410A.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.icr.2015.0920
title: Behaviour of a rectangular adsorber of solar adsorption cooling machine.

description: This paper presents the study of a rectangular adsorber of solar adsorption cooling machine. The modelling and the analysis of the adsorber are the key point of such studies, because of the complex coupled heat and mass transfer phenomena that occur during the working cycle. The adsorber is heated by solar energy and contains a porous medium constituted of activated carbon AC-35 reacting by adsorption with methanol. The simulation technique takes into account the variation of ambient temperature and solar intensity along a simulated day, which is corresponds to a total daily insolation of 26,12 MJ/m2 and an average ambient temperature of 27.7°C. The obtained solution allows to know the daily thermal behaviour of the rectangular adsorber. The model is used to study the influence of the solar collector type on the system’s performance.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.icr.2015.0925
title: Energy performance of the silica aerogel glazing system in commercial building of Hong Kong.

description: To achieve a more comfortable indoor environment while still retaining low energy consumption level is an exciting challenge for building designers and owners. In this paper, a silica-aerogel filled super-insulating glazing system was proposed. A simulation study was conducted to analyse the energy performance of the proposed glazing system. EnergyPlus was applied in the simulation study. In the study of the energy performance, three control strategies (space temperature control, operative temperature control and PMV control) were applied to simulate the occupant’s control behaviour toward the air-conditioning system in reality. The result indicated that compared with conventional single clear glazing, the silica aerogel glazing could retain a 4% longer thermally comfort period, while the energy consumption of HVAC system was reduced by 4% to 7%. It is also concluded that as the occupant’s request on thermal comfort got stricter, the performance of the silica aerogel glazing would became better.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.icr.2015.0926
title: High efficient heat pump system using storage tanks to increase cop by means of the ISEC concept. 1: model validation.

description: The purpose of the ISEC concept is to provide a high-efficient heat pump system for hot water production. The ISEC concept uses two storage tanks for the water, one discharged and one charged. Hot water for the industrial process is tapped from the charged tank, while the other tank is charging. Charging is done by circulating the water in the tank through the condenser of a heat pump several times and thereby gradually heating the water. The charging is done with a higher mass flow rate than the discharging to reach several circulations of the water during the time frame of one discharging. This result in a lower condensing temperature than if the water was heated in one step. Two test setups were built, one to test the performance of the heat pump gradually heating the water and one to investigate the stratification in the storage tanks. Furthermore, a dynamic model of the system was implemented in Dymola, and validated by the use of test data from the two experimental setups. This paper shows that there is a good consistency between the model and the experimental tests.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.icr.2015.0928
title: Development and application of ground heat exchanger model using response factor method.

description: To apply a ground source heat pump system, it is important to evaluate the system performance by a simulation that considers the thermal storage capacity of the ground. In the present study, employing analytical and numerical methods in combination, we developed a ground heat exchanger simulation model having the advantages of both methods. Thus, the newly developed model permits reducing the computing load in system simulation. By comparing the simulation results with the results of FEM analysis and measurement, we confirmed that the developed model had sufficient accuracy. In addition, we presented a method of evaluating the heat performance of a ground heat exchanger on a time scale and showed the evaluated heat performances of several different heat exchangers.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.icr.2015.0929
title: Binary liquid-ring ejector refrigeration system.

description: In this article, a binary liquid-ring ejector refrigeration system was proposed for evaporative cooling. High-density liquids including inorganic solutions and nontoxic room-temperature liquid metal were experimentally investigated to actuate the liquid-ring ejector. Performances of the ejector were significantly improved and the ejector loop was later extended to an ejector refrigeration prototype. Three compatible binary working pairs (water-isopentane, solution-isopentane and liquid metal-isopentane) were successively tested. The liquid metal actuated ejector demonstrated distinguished vacuum capacity while the solution-isopentane working pair showed the best refrigeration efficiency. Refrigeration performances of the three groups under different working conditions were compared and the results were discussed. With a pump power consumption of 60 W and a pump power factor of 19 %, the prototype achieved a practical COP of 0.5 and a mechanical COP of 2.6, respectively.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.icr.2015.0930
title: Effect of geometry on the performance of CO2 gas cooler/condenser and its associated refrigeration system.

description: As a natural working fluid, CO2 is increasingly being used in refrigeration systems in which an air cooled CO2 gas cooler or condenser is employed on the system to reject heat to the ambient. Depending on the application and design, the CO2 refrigeration system can be a single-stage or multi-stage. Whatever the design, the CO2 gas cooler or condenser plays an important role in maximising system performance. To understand and facilitate the effect of CO2 gas cooler or condenser on refrigeration system performance and controls, two CO2 finned-tube gas coolers/condensers with different geometric designs were built, instrumented, connected to an existing CO2 booster refrigeration system and tested extensively. Models of the finned-tube CO2 gas coolers/condensers have been developed and validated with the measurements. The models are used to investigate the effect of geometric parameters on the performance of the CO2 heat exchangers and associated refrigeration system.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.167960
title: Performance Of Fe-N/C Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts Towards No2-, No, And Nh2Oh Electroreduction – From Fundamental Insights Into The Active Centre To A New Method For Environmental Nitrite Destruction

description: This Excel data file contains the data used to produce the figures in the paper:

Malko, D., Kucernak, A and Lopes, T, " Performance of Fe-N/C oxygen reduction electrocatalysts towards NO2-, NO, and NH2OH electroreduction – from fundamental insights into the active centre to a new method for environmental nitrite destruction"

Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2016, DOI:10.1021/jacs.6b09622

Please cite the above reference if you wish to use this data
DOI: 10.18462/iir.icr.2015.0931
title: Temperature efficiency analysis of absorption heat exchangers.

description: Two kinds of Absorption heat exchanger(AHE) are prompted in this paper. Through the first type AHE, the outlet temperature of the hot fluid with lower thermal capacity flow can be lower than the inlet temperature of the other side. Through the second type AHE, the outlet temperature of the cool fluid with lower thermal capacity flow can be higher than the inlet temperature of the other side. A temperature efficiency (TE) is defined separately for the two types of AHE. A correlation for TE is obtained for each type of AHE. The TE for single stage and single effect AHE of the first type is about 1.17~1.24, for the second type is 1.2~1.26, which is 0.25~0.4 lower than the theoretical maximum value. A newly developed vertical multi-stage AHE is developed and the real tested TE reached 1.3~1.4, which shows the high performance level of the newly developed AHE.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.icr.2015.0932
title: Compliance with flammability requirements for ammonia refrigeration systems.

description: Ammonia has been used as a refrigerant for over 150 years. It is flammable and therefore requires careful safety consideration in the design and operation of refrigeration systems, but ignition of ammonia is a very rare occurrence and is virtually unknown in systems which comply with European Standards requirements. This paper provides an overview of the legal framework to this topic, including the requirements of regulations derived from the ATEX directive 94/9/EC (in the UK this is the Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmosphere Regulations (2002), known as DSEAR). The paper explains the procedure to be followed in conducting a hazard analysis for a new installation and highlights some difficulties with EN60079, the standard used for risk assessment of hazardous areas. A new approach, using software to model potential releases and calculate the zoning requirements, is described. Details of the basis of the software are given, and the effect on the compliance requirements of adopting this new approach. The paper concludes with some practical examples of zoning for various types of ammonia plant.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.icr.2015.0933
title: Investigation on the gas-liquid two-phase flow characteristics of header distribution type with using the R134a.

description: This paper deals with the characteristics of the two-phase flow distribution by using the R134a as refrigerant. The experiments are performed by using a test section of the header type distributor as a model of an existing heat exchanger. This test section moves downward vertically with three branches and uses the pump as the circulation of the refrigerant. The branch tubes are micro-channel multi-port tube made of aluminum and the header tube is made of transparent acrylic resin, so that the flow distribution of two-phase flow can be clearly observed. To investigate the effect of the flow rate, the pressure condition, the inlet vapor quality on the two-phase flow distributor, the experiments are conducted under a variety of experimental conditions. Finally the relationship between these experimental parameters is discussed.