DOI: 10.4231/txpz-p964
title: Foucault: Lecture 10, 14 January 1986

description: &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Deleuze Seminars&lt;/em&gt; is a collection of audio recordings, transcriptions, and English translations of, and supplemental materials from, the lectures French philosopher Gilles Deleuze gave during his career at the University of Paris 8.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&quot;Foucault&quot; was a 26-lecture seminar given from October 1985 to June 1986. In these lectures, Deleuze offers his interpretation and analysis of French philosopher Michel Foucault&#39;s work. Examining the theoretical foundations and major themes of Foucault&#39;s philosophy, Deleuze dedicates several lectures to each of what he calls the &quot;three axes&quot; of Foucault&#39;s thought. This seminar coincides with the publication of Deleuze&#39;s book &lt;em&gt;Foucault&lt;/em&gt; (1986).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In the 14 January 1986 lecture, following Georges Comtesse&rsquo;s intervention (the first 17 minutes) on the panopticon in Foucault, Deleuze returns to his outline of principles gleaned from reading theories on power and denounced by Foucault: 1) membership (&lt;em&gt;appartenance&lt;/em&gt;) and class property, 2) the localization of power in the State apparatus, 3) subordination and infrastructure, 4) essence or attribute, dominant-dominated, and 5) modality, violence and ideology. Before continuing to the sixth postulate, Deleuze dissects the difference in nature between macro- and microphysics, and then the sixth postulate concerns power conceived as a function of law, contrasting the big, molar opposition law-illegality. With Foucault&rsquo;s second term, &ldquo;illegalism&rdquo;, this micro-level term suggests that ways of getting around the law which, in fact, are within the law, requiring jurisprudence. Deleuze then considers power as the relations of forces, with a force always being subject to another force, already a multiplicity. Deleuze relates this latter term to Greek atomism and then to Nietzsche&rsquo;s philosophy of force and reflects on the relation of force with force as it relates to categories of power for Foucault, the relation of forces as incitation. Deleuze situates an important list of categories in &lt;i&gt;Discipline and Punish &lt;/i&gt;(part 3, chapter 1) and concludes that the material of force is the power of the force to be affected, and its function is the power to affect other forces. As an example, Deleuze examines the definitions of the Panopticon as it appears in &lt;i&gt;Discipline and Punish&lt;/i&gt;, which yields the term &ldquo;diagram&rdquo; with three definitions and contrasts the diagram and power strategy (micro-structures) with the archive and knowledge strata (macro-structures). With&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt; Foucault&rsquo;s &lt;/span&gt;The History of Sexuality 1, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;Deleuze adds biopolitics to political economy, and with Pierre Boulez&rsquo;s music (the smooth and striated spaces distinction), he outlines the diagram of sovereignty distinguished from the diagram of discipline. The importance of pastoral power as a new strategy helps support a claim of a multiplicity of diagrams with that &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;every social formation referring to several diagrams, all diagrams being unstable and fluid, whereas the social formations are in relative equilibrium. &lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This dataset for the new version includes four files, the translation and transcription of the session in Open Data Text (odt) format, an aggregate version of the audio recordings in a single mp3, and the original Paris-8 French transcription of the recorded lecture. The aggregate audio file has been downsampled..&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;-&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Les S&eacute;minaires de Deleuze&lt;/em&gt; sont une collection d&#39;enregistrements audio, de transcriptions et de traductions en anglais et de documents compl&eacute;mentaires des conf&eacute;rences que le philosophe fran&ccedil;ais Gilles Deleuze a donn&eacute; lors de sa carri&egrave;re &agrave; l&#39;Universit&eacute; de Paris 8.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&laquo;Foucault&raquo; &eacute;tait un s&eacute;minaire de 26 conf&eacute;rences donn&eacute; d&#39;octobre 1985 &agrave; juin 1986. Dans ces conf&eacute;rences, Deleuze offre son interpr&eacute;tation et son analyse de l&rsquo;&oelig;uvre du philosophe fran&ccedil;ais Michel Foucault. En examinant les fondements th&eacute;oriques et les th&egrave;mes majeurs de la philosophie de Foucault, Deleuze consacre plusieurs conf&eacute;rences &agrave; chacun de ce qu&#39;il appelle les &laquo;trois axes&raquo; de la pens&eacute;e de Foucault. Ce s&eacute;minaire co&iuml;ncide avec la publication du livre de Deleuze &lt;em&gt;Foucault&lt;/em&gt; (1986).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dans la conf&eacute;rence du 14 janvier 1986, les sujets de discussion comprennent: les rapports et la microphysique du pouvoir; les postulats qui parcourent l&rsquo;ensemble des th&eacute;ories du pouvoir: 1) l&#39;appartenance et la propri&eacute;t&eacute; de classe, 2) la localisation du pouvoir dans l&#39;appareil d&#39;&Eacute;tat, 3) la subordination et l&#39;infrastructure, 4) l&#39;essence ou l&#39;attribut, dominant-domin&eacute;, et 5) la modalit&eacute;, la violence et l&#39;id&eacute;ologie; la diff&eacute;rence de nature entre macro et microphysique; la loi, les ill&eacute;galismes, le champ social et la R&eacute;volution fran&ccedil;aise; les ill&eacute;galismes, la loi et son interpr&eacute;tation, et la jurisprudence; le pouvoir comme les rapports des forces; que l&#39;essence du pouvoir est ces rapports, plut&ocirc;t qu&#39;une forme ou les relations des formes, alors que le savoir est le rapport des formes; qu&#39;il n&#39;y a pas de force au singulier, plut&ocirc;t qu&#39;une force est toujours a pour sujet une autre force, d&eacute;j&agrave; une multiplicit&eacute;; l&#39;atomisme grec, la d&eacute;clinaison de l&#39;atome et l&#39;oblique; la philosophie de la force, Nietzsche, le philosophe allemand Arthur Schopenhauer, et le vouloir; les forces compos&eacute;es dans l&#39;espace-temps; la r&eacute;ceptivit&eacute; et la spontan&eacute;it&eacute; d&#39;une force; la force et l&rsquo;affect; que la mati&egrave;re de la force est le pouvoir de la force d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre affect&eacute;e, et sa fonction est le pouvoir d&#39;affecter d&rsquo;autres forces; le savoir, le pouvoir et les cat&eacute;gories; ce pouvoir est la physique de l&rsquo;action quelconque; que le diagramme est pouvoir; les trois d&eacute;finitions du diagramme: 1) l&#39;exposition d&#39;un rapport de forces, 2) la r&eacute;partition du pouvoir d&rsquo;affecter ou d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre affect&eacute;, et 3) le brassage de mati&eacute;res non form&eacute;es et de fonctions non formalis&eacute;es; l&#39;archive, les strates, le diagramme et la strat&eacute;gie; le roman de Melville &lt;em&gt;Pierre ou les Ambigu&iuml;t&eacute;s&lt;/em&gt;; le dehors des strates; et les soci&eacute;t&eacute;s disciplinaires et les diagrammes de pouvoir.&lt;/p&gt;
description: Lecture given by French philosopher Gilles Deleuze at the University of Paris 8, 14 January 1986. This is lecture 10 of a 26-lecture seminar Deleuze taught between October 1985 and June 1986.