DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kn8d2
title: Data from: The impact of mating systems and dispersal on fine-scale genetic structure at maternally, paternally and biparentally inherited markers

description: For decades, studies have focused on how dispersal and mating systems
 influence genetic structure across populations or social-groups. However,
 we still lack a thorough understanding of how these processes and their
 interaction, shape spatial genetic patterns over a finer-scale (tens –
 hundreds of metres). Using uniparentally inherited markers may help answer
 these questions, yet their potential has not been fully explored. Here, we
 use individual-level simulations to investigate the effects of dispersal
 and mating system on fine-scale genetic structure at autosomal,
 mitochondrial and Y chromosome markers. Using genetic spatial
 autocorrelation analysis, we found that dispersal was the major driver of
 fine-scale genetic structure across maternally, paternally and
 biparentally inherited markers. However, when dispersal was restricted
 (mean distance = 100 m), variation in mating behaviour created strong
 differences in the comparative level of structure detected at maternally
 and paternally inherited markers. Promiscuity reduced spatial genetic
 structure at Y chromosome loci (relative to monogamy), whereas structure
 increased under polygyny. In contrast, mitochondrial and autosomal markers
 were robust to differences in the specific mating system, although genetic
 structure increased across all markers when reproductive success was
 skewed towards fewer individuals. Comparing males and females at Y
 chromosome versus mitochondrial markers respectively, revealed that some
 mating systems can generate similar patterns to those expected under
 sex-biased dispersal. This demonstrates the need for caution when
 inferring ecological and behavioural processes from genetic results.
 Comparing patterns between the sexes, across a range of marker types may
 help us tease apart the processes shaping fine-scale genetic structure.
description: Monogamy_F100M100_Autosomal_100IterationsAutosomal Distance matrices for monogamy simulations, under restricted dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Monogamy_F100M100_mtDNA_100IterationsmtDNA Distance matrices for monogamy simulations, under restricted dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Monogamy_F100M100_YChromosome_100IterationsY chromosome versus mtDNA distance matrices for monogamy simulations, under restricted dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Monogamy_F100M500_Autosomal_100IterationsAutosomal distance matrices for monogamy simulations, under male-biased dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Monogamy_F100M500_mtDNA_100IterationsmtDNA distance matrices for monogamy simulations, under male-biased dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Monogamy_F100M500_YChromosome_100IterationsMonogamy_F500M500_Autosomal_100IterationsAutosomal distance matrices for monogamy simulations, under high dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Monogamy_F500M500_mtDNA_100IterationsmtDNA distance matrices for monogamy simulations, under high dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Monogamy_F500M500_YChromosome_100IterationsY chromosome versus mtDNA distance matrices for monogamy simulations, under high dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Polygyny_F100M100_Autosomal_100IterationsAutosomal distance matrices for polygyny simulations, under restricted dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Polygyny_F100M100_mtDNA_100IterationsmtDNA distance matrices for polygyny simulations, under restricted dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Polygyny_F100M100_YChromosome_100IterationsY chromosome versus mtDNA distance matrices for polygyny simulations, under restricted dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Polygyny_F100M500_Autosomal_100IterationsAutosomal distance matrices for polygyny simulations, under male-biased dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Polygyny_F100M500_mtDNA_100IterationsmtDNA distance matrices for polygyny simulations, under male-biased dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Polygyny_F100M500_YChromosome_100IterationsY chromosome versus mtDNA distance matrices for polygyny simulations, under male-biased dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Polygyny_F500M500_Autosomal_100IterationsAutosomal distance matrices for polygyny simulations, under high dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Polygyny_F500M500_mtDNA_100IterationsmtDNA distance matrices for polygyny simulations, under high dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Polygyny_F500M500_YChromosome_100IterationsY chromosome versus mtDNA distance matrices for polygyny simulations, under high dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Promiscuity_L3_F100M100_Autosomal_100IterationsAutosomal distance matrices for promiscuity (L3) simulations, under restricted dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Promiscuity_L3_F100M100_mtDNA_100IterationsmtDNA distance matrices for promiscuity (L3) simulations, under restricted dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Promiscuity_L3_F100M100_YChromosome_100IterationsY chromosome versus mtDNA distance matrices for promiscuity (L3) simulations, under restricted dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Promiscuity_L3_F100M500_Autosomal_100IterationsAutosomal distance matrices for promiscuity (L3) simulations, under male-biased dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Promiscuity_L3_F100M500_mtDNA_100IterationsmtDNA distance matrices for promiscuity (L3) simulations, under male-biased dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Promiscuity_L3_F100M500_YChromosome_100IterationsY chromosome versus mtDNA distance matrices for promiscuity (L3) simulations, under male-biased dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Promiscuity_L3_F500M500_Autosomal_100IterationsAutosomal distance matrices for promiscuity (L3) simulations, under high dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Promiscuity_L3_F500M500_YChromosome_100IterationsY chromosome versus mtDNA distance matrices for promiscuity (L3) simulations, under high dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Promiscuity_L3_F500M500_mtDNA_100IterationsmtDNA distance matrices for promiscuity (L3) simulations, under high dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Promiscuity_L8_F100M100_Autosomal_100IterationsAutosomal distance matrices for promiscuity (L8) simulations, under restricted dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Promiscuity_L8_F100M100_mtDNA_100IterationsmtDNA distance matrices for promiscuity (L8) simulations, under restricted dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Promiscuity_L8_F100M100_YChromosome_100IterationsY chromosome versus mtDNA distance matrices for promiscuity (L8) simulations, under restricted dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Promiscuity_L8_F100M500_Autosomal_100IterationsAutosomal distance matrices for promiscuity (L8) simulations, under male-biased dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Promiscuity_L8_F100M500_mtDNA_100IterationsmtDNA distance matrices for promiscuity (L8) simulations, under male-biased dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Promiscuity_L8_F100M500_YChromosome_100IterationsY chromosome versus mtDNA distance matrices for promiscuity (L8) simulations, under male-biased dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Promiscuity_L8_F500M500_Autosomal_100IterationsAutosomal distance matrices for promiscuity (L8) simulations, under high dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Promiscuity_L8_F500M500_mtDNA_100IterationsmtDNA distance matrices for promiscuity (L8) simulations, under high dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Promiscuity_L8_F500M500_YChromosome_100IterationsY chromosome versus mtDNA distance matrices for promiscuity (L8) simulations, under high dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.Monogamy_F100M500_YChromosome_100IterationsY chromosome versus mtDNA distance matrices for monogamy simulations, under male-biased dispersal. Geographical (GGD) and Genetic (GD) distance matrices are provided for females and males, for 100 simulation iterations (It1-100). Cell A1= # Loci, A2= # Individuals (the remainder of Row #1 can be ignored). Row #3= Individual IDs, Distance matrix data starts in Row #4. The final column = Individual IDs.GenAlEx SimThe GenAlEx Simulations are written in Visual Basic for Applications and can only be run within Excel 2010 - 32 bit, on a PC with the additional supporting package ZRandom. A copy of the GenAlEx Add-in containing the simulation routines, along with ZRandom, a read me file and an overview on how to run the simulations is provided. Academics with VBA programming experience who wish to see the full VBA code are invited to contact Rod Peakall (rod.peakall@anu.edu.au) who is willing to provide access to the code which is otherwise password protected for macro security purposes.