cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3537
title: Fr. Ford gardening in Meixien, China, 1928.

description: This is a photograph of  "Father Ford laying an axe to the roots of an unsightly bush in the garden at Kaying [now Meixien]. This picture will give you an idea of the style of architecture to be found in the building at Kaying[now Meixien]."; Born in Brooklyn, New York, Bishop Ford was the first student to enter the Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America.  He was ordained to the priesthood on December 5, 1917 and the following year he accompanied Fathers Price, Meyer and James E. Walsh to China. They began working in Yeungkong and the Kongmoon territory of South China. In 1925, Fr. Ford was assigned to the Kaying diocese. Ten years later, in 1935, Bishop James Anthony Walsh, founder of Maryknoll, consecrated Msgr. Francis Ford as the first Bishop of Kaying. He remained in China throughout World War II. In 1950 Bishop Ford was placed under arrest with his secretary Sr. Joan Marie, MM, placed on trial and sentenced to prison. After a year in prison, Bishop Ford died on February 21, 1952.  Sr. Joan Marie confirmed his death when she was released the following September.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32027
title: QA-30.004.0005

description: Note: Cf. QA-30.004.0016: Dieselbe Aussicht nachts. (MS 05.1998).; Note translation: Cf. QA-30.004.0016: the same view at night. (MS 05.1998). - View from the convalescent home. The harbour in the far background.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32114
title: The teachers of the secondary school in Kayin 1936.
title: Die Lehrerschaft der Mittelschule Kayin 1936.

description: Annotation translation: "Kayin-Moiyen."; Annotation: "Kayin-Moiyen."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32097
title: The Métraux family, beginning of December 1936.
title: Familie Métraux, Anfang Dezember 1936.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32096
title: Our holiday house. Peter and Paul Métraux, looking south.
title: Unser Ferienhaus, Peter u. Paul Métraux, Blick nach Süden.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32237
title: Honjen during the floods, 19th May 1936.  8. The main street of the town of Honjen.
title: Honjen bei der Überschwemmung 19. Mai 1936. 8. Hauptstrasse in der Stadt Honjen.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32217
title: The family of Pastor Wu.
title: Familie Pfr. Wu.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5794673
title: Dynamic melting behavior of volcanic ash aggregation subjected to thermal shock relevant to aviation hazards

description: All data presented in the main article and supplementary materials are available here.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32245
title: Honjen Hospital, on the East River.
title: Spital Honjen. Am Ostfluss.

description: Note: Die Bilder QA-30.004.0216 bis QA-30.004.0223 sind in einem kleinen Album mit dem Titel: "Spital Honjen" zusammengefasst. (MS 05.1998).; Note translation: The photographs QA-30.004.0216 to 0223 have been put together in a small album with the title "Honjen Hospital." (MS 05.1998).
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32198
title: Visit in a village. The cross over the door shows that christians live here. (Rev. Fischle and Sister Jacobi). March 1939.
title: Besuch im Dorf. Das Kreuz über Türe lässt erkennen, dass hier Christen wohnen. (Miss. Fischle u. Schw. Jacobi). März 39.

description: Stamped: "24. Juni 1939."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32123
title: The new building work done in the last 3 years is marked by a red line: 1. In the background a new isolation ward. 2. In the middle the Wui Schen Seo with, to the left, annexes: a 2-storey building for bathrooms, ward kitchens etc, a single-storey building for the hospital kitchens, and dining room for the workers. 3. in front on the right a new well, a building for drying the washing, and the laundry. End of 1936.
title: Die Neubauten der letzten 3 Jahre sind rot umrändert: 1. im Hintergrund neuer Isolierbau. 2. in der Mitte das Wui Schen Seo mit den l. daneben gelagerten Adnexbauten [sic]: 2 stöckiger Bau für Baderäume, Abteilungsküche etc.; 1stöckiger Bau für Spitalküche, Angestelltenesszimmer. 3. Vorne r. neuer Brunnen, Hütte zum Trocknen der Wäsche, Waschküche. Ende 1936.

description: Format information questionable.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32103
title: QA-30.004.0081

description: Annotation translation: "Leonar 37."; Annotation: "Leonar 37."; Stamped: "Chinainspektorat [...] 27. Jan. 1938."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32104
title: QA-30.004.0082

description: Annotation translation: "Leonar 116."; Annotation: "Leonar 116."; Stamped: "Chinainspektorat [...] 27. Jan. 1938."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32238
title: Honjen hospital. The entrance.
title: Spital Honjen. Eingang zum Spital.

description: Note: Die Bilder QA-30.004.0216 bis QA-30.004.0223 sind in einem kleinen Album mit dem Titel: "Spital Honjen" zusammengefasst. (MS 05.1998).; Note translation: The photographs QA-30.004.0216 to 0223 have been put together in a small album with the title "Honjen Hospital." (MS 05.1998).
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32101
title: QA-30.004.0079

description: Annotation translation: "Leonar 37."; Annotation: "Leonar 37."; Stamped: "Chinainspektorat [...] 27. Jan. 1938."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32209
title: Wufa seen from the south.
title: Wufa von Süden.

description: Annotation translation: "Church, school and pastor's house; we [=our accomodation?], Miss Wahl, Girls' school."; Annotation: "Kirche; Schule + Pfarrhaus; Wir; Bibelfrauen; Frl. Wahl; Mädchenschule."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32225
title: QA-30.004.0203

description: Annotation translation: "Leonar 116."; Annotation: "Leonar 116."; Note: Vermutlich im Spital von Moiyen. (MS 05.1998).; Note translation: Probably in Moiyen Hospital (MS 05.1998).; Stamped: "Chinainspektorat [...] 27. Jan. 1938."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32102
title: QA-30.004.0080

description: Annotation translation: "Leonar 37."; Annotation: "Leonar 37."; Stamped: "Chinainspektorat [...] 27. Jan. 1938."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32236
title: Honjen during the floods, 19th May 1936.  7. A town gate.
title: Honjen bei der Überschwemmung 19. Mai 1936. 7. Ein Stadttor.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32180
title: The 80th anniversary of our oldest Oberland congregation: Dschong zhun 1936.
title: 80-jähriges Jubiläum unserer ältesten Oberlandsgemeinde: Dschong zhun 1936.

description: Annotation translation: "[The names are given of all those on the picture]; Maier, Moilim."; Annotation: "[Die Namen aller Abgebildeten.]; (Maier, Moilim.)"; Format information questionable.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32250
title: Mission station Lilong, China.
title: Missions=Station Lilong, China.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32252
title: "Mission station Longheu, China, by Rev. O. Schultze
title: Station Longheu, China. v. Miss. O. Schultze.

description: Note: Signatur: "O.S."; Note translation: Signature: "O.S."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m31916
title: Children fleeing from the mission [sic].
title: Kinder fliehen vor dem Mission. [sic].

description: Note: Publiziert (Bilder-Tafeln zur Länder- und Völker-Kunde mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der evangelischen Missionsarbeit. Herausgegeben von dem Calwer Verlagsverein. Calw & Stuttgart. 1883: Tf. 89, 1).; Note translation: Published (Bilder-Tafeln zur Länder- und Völker-Kunde mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der evangelischen Missionsarbeit, published by the Calwer Publishing Association, Calw and Stuttgart 1883, Plate 89.1).
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m31942
title: Chinese teacher and his child.
title: Chin. Lehrer u. sei. Kind.

description: Note: Cf. QA-30.001.0082. - Publiziert unter dem Titel: "Ahnendienst." (Bilder-Tafeln zur Länder- und Völker-Kunde mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der evangelischen Missionsarbeit. Herausgegeben von dem Calwer Verlagsverein. Calw & Stuttgart. 1883: Tf. 98, 4).; Note translation: Cf. QA-30.001.0082. - Published with the caption: "Ancestor veneration." (Bilder-Tafeln zur Länder- und Völker-Kunde mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der evangelischen Missionsarbeit, published by the Calwer Publishing Association, Calw and Stuttgart 1883, Plate 98.4).
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32105
title: QA-30.004.0083

description: Annotation translation: "50th anniversary Moiyen Hospital 1946." - "Wui schen Seo". Sick room built by Dr Bay. Dec. 1946."; Annotation: "50 jähriges Jubiläum / Spital Moiyen 1946." - "Wui schen Seo"; (Krankenbau Dr. Bay); Dez. 1946."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32131
title: Pupils of the secondary school in Moiyen.
title: Schüler der Mittelschule in Moiyen.

description: Annotation translation: "III Class Kaying, May 1937. The chinese text beneath gives the names of the pupils."; Annotation: "lll. Klasse. Kaying. Mai 1937. Die Zeichen unten sind die Namen der Schüler."; Note: Prägestempel des Photostudios in chinesischer Schrift in der rechten unteren Ecke. (MS 05.1998).; Note translation: In the right-hand lower corner the stamp of the photo studio in chinese characters. (MS 05.1998).; Stamped: "Chinainspektorat [...] 12. Aug. 37."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32107
title: Nursing school.
title: Pflegerinnenschule.

description: Annotation translation: "50th anniversary of the hospital in Moiyen, 1946." - "50th anniversary of the hospital in Meihsien. Picture of the nursing school."; Annotation: "50 jähriges Jubiläum / Spital Moiyen 1946." - "50J-Jubiläum d. Spitals Meihsien; Bild der Pflegerinnenschule."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32189
title: Seminary, Pyangtong.
title: Seminar Pyangtong.

description: Note: Auf der Rückseite der Photographie sind sieben der abgebildeten Seminaristen gekennzeichnet und nummeriert. Die dazugehörige Legende ist jedoch bisher unauffindbar. (MS 05.1998).; Note translation: On the rear of the photograph is a key indicating seven of the students by number. The explanatory text has not yet been found. (MS 05.1998).; Stamped: "Chinainspektorat [...] 3. Juni 1937."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32112
title: 40th anniversary of the hospital in Moiyen, 23rd Nov. 1936.
title: 40-jähriges Jubiläum des Spitals Moiyen. 23. Nov. 1936.

description: Annotation translation: "To remind us of the 40th anniversary of Moiyen Hospital, 23rd November 1936. On the left the building of the polyclinic, in the background the womens' ward."; Annotation: "Zur Erinnerung an das 40 jährige Jubiläum des Spitals Moiyen am 23. November 1936. Links das Poliklinikumgebäude, im Hintergrund der Frauenbau."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32201
title: Pukit Town. Outstation of Lilong.
title: Pukit Town. Aussenstation von Lilong.

description: Annotation translation: "Copyright by Kong Kui En." - "Outstation of Lilong with watchtowers. (Pukak). Railway station for Longheu."; Annotation: "Copyright by Kong Kui En." - "Aussenstation v. Lilong mit Wachttürmen. (Pukak). Bahnstation für Longheu."; Stamped: "Deutsches Heimatinspektorat [...] 28.1. 37."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32200
title: Basel Mission Lilong.
title: Basel Mission - Lilong.

description: Annotation translation: "Copyright Kong Kui En. Made in Germany."; Annotation: "Copyright by Kong Kui En. Made in Germany."; Note: Bis auf die Schrift links oben identisch mit QA-30.004.0177.; Note translation: Identical with picture QA-30.004.0177, except for the text top left in this version.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m31950
title: Hong Kong.
title: Hongkong.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32109
title: Prayer hall in Moiyen Hospital.
title: Andachtshalle Moiyen Spital.

description: Annotation translation: "Leonar 37."; Annotation: "Leonar 37."; Stamped: "Chinainspektorat [...] 27. Jan. 1938."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32126
title: QA-30.004.0104

description: Format information questionable.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32115
title: Photograph taken on the Moi River.
title: Bild aufgenommen am Moifluss.

description: Annotation translation: "[illegible] Kayin" - "I took this picture while travelling on the Moi River."; Annotation: "Bad Kayin [Entzifferung unklar]." - "Dies Bild habe ich unterwegs am Moifluss aufgenommen."; Stamped: "Chinainspektorat [...] 19.II.37."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32149
title: New chapel in Laolung.
title: Neue Kapelle in Laolung.

description: Format information questionable.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m33263
title: Young Borneo at play.
title: Jung-Borneo b. Spiel.

description: Note translation: This use of the word "Spiel" (usually "game") is difficult to translate into English. It could almost be translated here "in their leisure time", unless the two men  behind the drummers are about to engage in a wrestling match. (PJ 02.2001).; Stamped: "Carl Simon & Co., Düsseldorf."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m33227
title: Rice-idols.
title: Reis-Idole.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m33243
title: Christian girls.
title: Christenmädchen.

description: Stamped: "Carl Simon & Co., Düsseldorf."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m33267
title: Washing for gold.
title: Goldwaschen.

description: Stamped: "Carl Simon & Co., Düsseldorf."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m33238
title: Policlinic patients in Kw. Kapuas.
title: Poliklinikpatienten i. Kw. Kapuas.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m33256
title: Part of a village in Kudangan.
title: Dorfpartie in Kudangan.

description: Stamped: "Carl Simon & Co., Düsseldorf."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m33249
title: The [mission] station Kasongan.
title: Station Kasongan.

description: Stamped: "Carl Simon & Co., Düsseldorf."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m33268
title: The man who scatters rice [on ritual occasions].
title: Der Reisausstreuer.

description: Stamped: "Carl Simon & Co., Düsseldorf."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m33250
title: Conference to meet Inspector Witschi on his journey in 1934/35.
title: Konferenz anlässlich der Insp.reise v. Insp. Witschi 1934/35.

description: Stamped: "Carl Bittmann, Basel."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m33270
title: A post for the sacrifical buffalo.
title: Büffelpfahl.

description: Stamped: "Carl Simon & Co., Düsseldorf."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m33257
title: Suspension bridge in Kotawaringin.
title: Hängebrücke i. Kotawaringin.

description: Stamped: "Carl Simon & Co., Düsseldorf."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m33246
title: Rev. Baier with Batak soldiers in Kw. Kuron.
title: Miss. Baier mit batak'schen Soldaten i. Kw. Kuron.

description: Stamped: "Carl Simon & Co., Düsseldorf."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m33242
title: School in Mengatip.
title: Schule in Mengatip.

description: Stamped: "Carl Simon & Co., Düsseldorf."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m33269
title: Sangkara.
title: Sangkaraja.

description: Stamped: "Carl Simon & Co., Düsseldorf."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32249
title: Mission station Lilong.
title: Missions=Station Lilong.

description: Note: Signatur: "Ch. Ph. Piton fecit 1864."; Note translation: Signature: "Ch. Ph. Piton fecit 1864."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m31925
title: Blind chinese girl.
title: Blindes chin. Mädchen.

description: Note: Publiziert unter dem Titel: "Maria Gützlaff, ein blindes Chinesenmädchen." (Bilder-Tafeln zur Länder- und Völker-Kunde mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der evangelischen Missionsarbeit. Herausgegeben von dem Calwer Verlagsverein. Calw & Stuttgart. 1883: Tf 95, 10). - Maria Gützlaff hat das Bild vermutlich gezeichnet.; Note translation: Published with the caption "Maria Gützlaff, a blind chinese girl." (Bilder-Tafeln zur Länder- und Völker-Kunde mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der evangelischen Missionsarbeit, published by the Calwer Publishing Association, Calw and Stuttgart 1883, Plate 95.10). - Maria Gützlaff has probably drawn this image.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m31940
title: Chinese offers a capiter [sic] the bible.
title: Chinese bietet einem Capiter [sic] die Bibel an.

description: Note: Unklar ob mit Capiter Capitän gemeint ist. - Publiziert unter dem Titel: "Ein Chinese auf einem Schiff, Traktate anbietend." (Bilder-Tafeln zur Länder- und Völker-Kunde mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der evangelischen Missionsarbeit. Herausgegeben von dem Calwer Verlagsverein. Calw & Stuttgart. 1883: Tf. 97, 2).; Note translation: "Capiter" is almost certainly a mis-copy of the word "captain" (note the peaked cap and the telescope) (PJ 05.2001) . -  Published with the caption "A Chinese on a ship handing out tracts." (Bilder-Tafeln zur Länder- und Völker-kunde mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der evangelischen Missionsarbeit, published by the Calwer Publishing Association, Calw and Stuttgart 1883, Plate 97.2).
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m31967
title: Merchants selling medicines.
title: Medikamenten-Händler.

description: Note: Signatur: "Erde [Entzifferung unklar]."; Note translation: Signature: "Erde [reading uncertain]."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32220
title: Mission station Wufa.
title: Station Wufa.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m31969
title: Chinese town-crier.
title: Chin. Ausrufer.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m31963
title: QA-30.001.0133
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32110
title: Moiyen. Way through the city gate.
title: Moiyen, Durchgang d. das Stadttor.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32230
title: QA-30.004.0208

description: Annotation translation: "Hospital Honyen." - "Leonar 116."; Annotation: "Spital Honyen." - "Leonar 116."; Stamped: "Chinainspektorat [...] 27. Jan. 1938."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32226
title: QA-30.004.0204

description: Annotation translation: "Pastor and Mrs Wong, Wufa." - "Leonar 37."; Annotation: "Herr und Frau Pfr. Wong; Wufa." - "Leonar 37."; Note: Vermutlich im Spital von Moiyen. (MS 05.1998).; Note translation: Probably in Moiyen Hospital. (MS 05.1998).; Stamped: "Chinainspektorat [...] 27. Jan. 1938."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m32228
title: QA-30.004.0206

description: Annotation translation: "Leonar 116."; Annotation: "Leonar 116."; Note: Vermutlich gehört diese Postkarte in die Reihe zum Spital in Moiyen. (MS 05.1998).; Note translation: This postcard probably belongs to the series of photographs of the hospital in Moiyen (MS 05.1998).; Stamped: "Chinainspektorat [...] 27. Jan. 1938."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m6374
title: A boy holding a baby chick at Hong Kong, China, 1941

description: This is a photograph of a boy squatting down and holding a baby chick in his hands.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m6381
title: A young girl at Shangchuan, China, 1935

description: This is a photograph of "Catechist 'Pete's' daughter Teresa Ching." She is sitting on a bench in a park.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m6372
title: An orphan at Luoding, China, 1929

description: This is a photograph of a little orphan boy sitting on a bench outside and eating food that is in a bowl on top of a wooden crate.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m6378
title: A young boy at Luoding, China, [s.d.]

description: This is a photograph of a young boy. He is wearing a cross and some medallions. He has a serious expression on his face.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m6384
title: A little boy eating sugar cane at Ducheng, China, 1936

description: This is a photograph of a little boy eating sugar cane while sitting in a chair.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m6377
title: A boy and girl at Fushun, China, 1946

description: This is a photograph of children who "This little lady was, at first, afraitd of Brother Peter and I. But after awhile, she decided we were harmless and gave us this engaging grin."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m6379
title: A student at Zhongxin, China, 1938

description: This is a photograph of a "young man who is a convert of two years. He is dressed in the commonly seen school uniform. His father is a catechist and his grandfather is a great one for going around and rounding up all his friends, calling on them to join the church and save their souls."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m6373
title: A boy rings the bell at the Seminery at Meixien, China, [s.d.]

description: This is a photograph of a boy ringing the 5:30 a.m. bell at the Seminary at Kaying [now Meixien]. The bell is large and hanging from the ceiling with a string attached to it  for ringing.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m31959
title: Hong Kong. School for children.
title: Hongkong. Kinderschule.

description: Note: Signatur: "Denziger & Co. ph."; Note translation: Signature: "Denziger & Co. ph."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m31985
title: Chinese children praying to a deity.
title: Chin. Kinder beten Götzen an.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m31926
title: Tea house in Shansi.
title: Theebude in Schansi.

description: Note: Signatur: "Swain Sc."; Note translation: Signature: "Swain Sc."
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m31978
title: Buddhists reading the bible.
title: Budhisten, Bibel-lesen.

description: Note: Vorlage zu diesem Bild war A-30.10.014. Vgl. auch Bildlegenden! (BFN 05.2002).; Note translation: A-30.10.014 served as inspiration of this image. Cf. captions! (BFN 05.2002).
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m31920
title: Placards in China.
title: Plakate in China.

description: Note: Signatur: "J. Johnston." - Publiziert (Bilder-Tafeln zur Länder- und Völker-Kunde mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der evangelischen Missionsarbeit. Herausgegeben von dem Calwer Verlagsverein. Calw & Stuttgart. 1883: Tf. 83, 2).; Note translation: Signature: "J. Johnston." - Published (Bilder-Tafeln zur Länder- und Völker-Kunde mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der evangelischen Missionsarbeit, published by the Calwer Publishing Association, Calw and Stuttgart 1883, Plate 83.2).
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m31990
title: China: veneration of monkeys.
title: China Affenverehrung.
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m31951
title: Worshipping deities.
title: Götzenanbetung.

description: Note: Publiziert (Bilder-Tafeln zur Länder- und Völker-Kunde mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der evangelischen Missionsarbeit. Herausgegeben von dem Calwer Verlagsverein. Calw & Stuttgart. 1883: Tf. 89, 7).; Note translation: Published (Bilder-Tafeln zur Länder- und Völker-Kunde mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der evangelischen Missionsarbeit, published by the Calwer Publishing Association, Calw and Stuttgart 1883, Plate 89.7).
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m31972
title: The deity Pan-ting-fu.
title: Götzen Pan-ting-fu.

description: Note: Publiziert unter dem Titel: "Götzentempel in Pautingfu." (Bilder-Tafeln zur Länder- und Völker-Kunde mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der evangelischen Missionsarbeit. Herausgegeben von dem Calwer Verlagsverein. Calw & Stuttgart. 1883: Tf. 99, 7).; Note translation: Published  under the caption: "Temple for the deities in Pautingfu." (Bilder-Tafeln zur Länder- und Völker-Kunde mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der evangelischen Missionsarbeit, published by the Calwer Publishing Association, Calw and Stuttgart 1883, Plate 99.7).
DOI: 10.25549/impa-m3737
title: Rev. Anthony Cotta in Tianjin, China, 1926.

description: This is a photograph of Fr. Anthony J. Cotta who is dressed in traditional Chinese clothing. He is smoking a pipe and reads a local newspaper. He is standing in front of a building with stone steps going up to a porch.; Rev. Cotta was born in Cairo, Egypt.  He studied in Beirut at St. Joseph's University and at the Vincentian College of Antoura, returning to Cairo to study with the Christian Brothers.  After working a few years for the Egyptian government he entered the Vincentian Fathers seminary in Paris and was ordained in 1898.  It was here he formed a lifelong friendship with noted China missioner Fr. Vincent Lebbe.  Fr. Cotta was assigned to Madagascar, returning to France in 1905 and was assigned to China in 1906, joining Fr. Lebbe in Peking and Tientsin.  In 1919 he returned to France.  In 1922 he was assigned to the Vincentian seminary in Germantown, PA.  During a leave of absence teaching Chinese at Maryknoll, he decided to join, taking Perpetual Oath to Maryknoll in 1930.  He remained at Maryknoll for the rest of his life.  Fr. Cotta wrote extensively on the defense of native clergy, and some of his arguments were incorporated into Pope Benedict XV's missionary encyclical "Maximum Illud."