DOI: 10.34894/hbdvyj
title: NudgeMe Study 2: Personalized Digital (Just-in-Time) Nudges and Transparency Effects

description: This lab study assessed the impact of transparency on the effectiveness and mechanisms of personalized digital “just-in-time” (JIT) nudges for promoting healthier food choices online.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

Research Questions:
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Does transparency moderate effects of personalized (i.e., user-matched) digital JIT nudges on healthier food choice (i.e., nudge effectiveness and proportion of healthier food purchases)?
&lt;li&gt;To what extent does perceived acceptability, experienced autonomy, and psychological reactance differ between transparent versus non-transparent forms of personalized (i.e., user-matched) and non-personalized (i.e., mismatched) digital JIT nudges?
&lt;/ol&gt;
The study had a fully between-subjects design with Nudge Personalization (Non-personalized versus Personalized) and Nudge Transparency (Non-transparent versus Transparent) as experimental factors. In total, there were 4 treatment arms (P-T-; P+T-; P-T+; P+T+). Participants completed an online grocery shopping task on a mock smartphone retail application (the MAND app), and answered a series of questionnaires (Qualtrics)
description: Ethical clearance: This study was approved by the Ethical Review Board of the Tilburg School of Humanities and Digital Sciences (Tilburg University; file number: REDC 2023.34a).
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Preregistration: The hypotheses, study design, and analysis plan were preregistered (https://osf.io/uyzj8)
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Production date: Begin date: 01-09-2023 to End date: 31-01-2024
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Method: Lab-based experiment, consisting of an online grocery shopping task on a mock smartphone retail application, and a series of questionnaires (Qualtrics)
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Universe 200 healthy university students (71% female; MAge = 20.86 years, SD = 2.30) from diverse educational tracks took part in the research. All participants were fluent Dutch speakers and screened on certain eligibility criteria. 
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See pre-registration for specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.
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Country / Nation: The Netherlands.
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The spreadsheet files (one-sheet xlsx files) are also present in their preferred file format csv. Preferred formats are file formats of which DANS – based on international agreements – is confident that they will offer the best long-term guarantees in terms of usability, accessibility and sustainability. For more information on preferred file formats, see https://dans.knaw.nl/en/file-formats/.
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Data cannot be used for commercial purposes (see license).
description: Data files 


MAND-2_BetweenSubjectsData_200 (SPSS) – cleaned dataset for all participants in all treatment conditions
MAND001-MAND200 (Excel/csv) – raw data files from the MAND app of all participants 
The following are raw data files (Excel/csv) from the Qualtrics questionnaires during lab test sessions, grouped per treatment condition: <br>
MAND-2_HealthVerbal_NT<br>
MAND-2_HealthVerbal_T<br>
MAND-2_HealthVisual_NT<br>
MAND-2_HealthVisual_T<br>
MAND-2_PriceVerbal_NT<br>
MAND-2_PriceVerbal_T<br>
MAND-2_PriceVisual_NT<br>
MAND-2_PriceVisual_T<br>
The following is a raw data file (Excel/csv) from the Qualtrics online screening questionnaire<br>
MAND-2_InclusionQ_200

Supplemental material

Boodschappenlijst_1to8: Grocery shopping list versions used during the online grocery shopping task with the MAND app
Debriefing_ENG_Dutch: Debriefing questionnaires (in Dutch and English for reference)
InformedConsent_ENG_Dutch: Informed consent forms (in Dutch and English for reference)
StudyQuestionnaires_Dutch: All study questionnaires used (during the lab test session)
StudyQuestionnaires_ENG: All study questionnaires in English (for reference)

Structure data package<br>
Data files

Data files folder &gt; Cleaned datasets &gt; MAND-2 _BetweenSubjectsData_200
Data files folder &gt; Raw MAND app data files &gt; MAND001-MAND200<br>
Data files folder &gt; Raw Qualtrics data files &gt; Lab test session &gt; MAND-2_HealthVerbal_NT<br>
MAND-2_HealthVerbal_T<br>
MAND-2_HealthVisual_NT<br>
MAND-2_HealthVisual_T<br>
MAND-2_PriceVerbal_NT<br>
MAND-2_PriceVerbal_T<br>
MAND-2_PriceVisual_NT<br>
MAND-2_PriceVisual_T<br>
Data files folder &gt; Raw Qualtrics data files &gt; Online screening session &gt; MAND-2_InclusionQ_200

Supplementary Materials

Supplemental Materials folder &gt; Boodschappenlijst_1to8<br>
 Debriefing_ENG_Dutch<br>
 InformedConsent_ENG_Dutch<br>
 StudyQuestionnaires_Dutch<br>
 StudyQuestionnaires_ENG<br>