cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0002
title: Effect of supercooling on the cutting of frozen Atlantic salmon (salmo salar) fillet.

description: Supercooling is the process of lowering the temperature of a product below its initial freezing point without phase change. It is known that existence of supercooling state before freezing has significant influence on the structure of ice crystals. Automated cutting of salmon fillets is usually made in the partially frozen state. It would be expected that the partial freezing experiencing supercooling state improved the cutting process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supercooling before freezing (supercooling-freezing, abbreviated as SF) on the cutting of salmon fillet. The cutting test was conducted by using a texture analyzer. Samples were compressed to a 90 % strain with a knife probe. The maximum force was used for describing the cutting force. The microstructure was observed using light microscope. Our results showed that SF had influence on the microstructure and cutting force. The microstructure of SF sample showed less damaged cells than normal freezing. The cutting force for SF sample was lower than that for normally frozen salmon. In addition, there was no significant difference between the cutting forces for raw and SF samples.
DOI: 10.14457/rmutt.res.2014.2
title: การศึกษาอัตราสํวนมาตรฐานทางการเงิน และระดับภาระผูกพันการดำเนินงาน ของธุรกิจใน 40 กลุํมอุตสาหกรรม
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0001
title: State of the art: superchilling in the food processing industry.

description: Controlled partial freezing or superchilling of food products can result in significant shelf life extensions during the cold chain. Between 10 % - 20 % of the foods water content is frozen and the ice functions as a thermal inertia during storage and transportation. Superchilled product have in general an extended shelf life and the technology shows good potential for implementation in the cold chain, since the product quality is comparable with refrigerated products. Superchilling in industry can also reduce the use of freezing/thawing for production buffers and thereby reduce labor, energy costs and product weight losses. Superchilled products sustain quality parameters commonly associated with fresh/unfrozen products. However some increase in product drip loss may occur during storage. Implementation of superchilling in industrial process plants and routines require a strict temperature control in the cold chain. Understanding and quantifying thermo-physical processes at and inside the food surface are important for the optimal design of superchilling equipment and packing systems for food products.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0007
title: Application of short air curtains in retail display refrigerators.

description: In Europe, Ecodesign and Energy Labelling regulations for refrigerated retail display cabinets will come into force in January 2017 and manufacturers are seeking new technologies to maximise the efficiency of their products.
Conventional multi deck cabinets have a single column of cold air from the top to the bottom of the merchandising envelope. The colder, denser air causes a stack effect and pressure builds at the base of air curtain causing cold air spillage from the cabinet and compromising temperature stability and energy efficiency.
By contrast, with short air curtains the merchandising envelope can be divided into separate cells between shelves. The smaller cells have a shorter air column and independent management of air movement. The net result is a substantial reduction in cold air spillage from the case and improved temperature stability.
This paper presents a technical and performance comparison between short air curtain technology and conventional cabinets.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0041
title: Energy and environmental comparison of commercial R744 refrigeration systems operating in warm climates.

description: Carbon dioxide (CO2, R744) is an environmentally friendly refrigerant, which is widely used in supermarket refrigeration systems located in cold weather sites. Its use at high outdoor temperatures still requires some additional investigations to accomplish performance similar to the one obtained by employing the conventional working fluids.
This paper deals with the theoretical comparison in terms of both annual energy consumption and Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI) of different commercial R744 refrigeration cycles operating in five different warm climates. An innovative CO2 direct expansion (DX) configuration, which serves both the medium temperature (MT) load and the low temperature (LT) one, is also considered. Taking into account the running modes of a typical European supermarket and a R404A multiplex configuration as the baseline, the results showed that enhanced R744 refrigeration technologies are capable of dropping the energy consumption and the TEWI by at least 2.8% and 31.1%, respectively.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0006
title: Thermal comfort in the supermarket environment-multiple enquiry methods and simutaneous measurements of the thermal environment.

description: In the supermarket environment three factors must be considered: food (food quality), personnel (working conditions), and customers. The customers do not remain in this environment very long but are of particular interest since they constitute the supermarket’s commercial basis. However, there are no recommendations on the indoor environment based on this category. This study compares the perceived indoor thermal environment with simultaneous objective measurements of the thermal environment and includes multiple enquiry methods. These methods have been used for this specific environment in order to understand how customers perceive, evaluate, and prefer variations in the thermal environment. Measurements were performed in summer and winter in front of twelve display cabinets, and over 1100 questionnaires have been received. To provide recommendations, this study presents measured and perceived comfort in supermarkets, information which can be used for prescribing suitable thermal environments for customers.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0008
title: Transient heat transfer modelling development for an open front display cabinet with PCM addition.

description: Display cabinet is the most widely used equipment to keep food at the required temperature in supermarket. Despite a good design and good control of operating conditions in stores, the heterogeneity of the temperature inside the display cabinet has been observed in several studies. This temperature difference is mainly due to thermal losses through walls, the infiltration of outside air and the heterogeneity of the evaporator temperature.
The aim of this work is to develop a transient heat transfer model to study the temperature evolution of loaded products and air inside a display cabinet. The developed model is validated by experimental data obtained with different operating conditions. This model is combined with a model describing the melting and freezing process of a PCM unit located inside the display cabinet. The global model can be used to study the effects of PCM addition on air and food temperatures.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0039
title: A leakage model of postharvest storage facilities.

description: A leakage model to describe gas transport between postharvest storage facilities and their environment was developed. The model assumed the gas flow to be proportional to the pressure difference between the storage facility and the environment. A protocol was developed to perform a standardized leakage test to define a specific value for the leakiness of the storage facility which is independent of storage facility characteristics and allows comparison. The proposed methodology allows not only to estimate the leakage before start of the storage season, but allows to estimate and monitor the leakiness of the facility after loading of the fruit throughout the storage season. The model was experimentally validated in controlled atmosphere conditions in which different kinds of known leaks were induced in an empty gastight storage container. The model was able to predict the measured pressure changes accurately for all induced leakages.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0013
title: A cascade heat pump for water heating.

description: Water heating accounts for significant energy use in all of domestic, commercial and industrial applications. A prototype domestic water heating heat pump is described that uses a partial cascade between a R410A heat pump designed for air-conditioning and a R134a high stage. Cold water is heated to 62oC in one pass by matching it against the two cascade stages in series. Laboratory performance testing, combined with analysis based on typical metrological year climate data, suggests the system will achieve seasonal heating COPs &gt; 3.1 at most New Zealand locations.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0015
title: Computational model of a PCM heat exchanger for on farm cooling of milk.

description: New Zealand’s dairy industry accounts for 30% of the country’s total exports, earning $14 billion NZD per year. Recently the New Zealand Government has approved a set of milk cooling regulations that must be implemented by 2018. These regulations will require existing milk cooling systems to be more efficient and provide higher cooling rates. In this paper we investigate through simulations the feasibility of using Phase Change Material (PCM) heat exchangers to increase the milk cooling capacity. This is done by modelling a packed bed high conductivity PCM heat storage system. The feasibility of a PCM based refrigeration system is significant as 30% of the energy used in a dairy farm is spent for milk cooling. PCM technology allows operators to reduce operating expenses by charging the PCM system at night, under cheaper power rates to cool milk during the day at no cost. Such technology may be of great commercial interest.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0016
title: Building cooling and heating with transcritical CO2 system reduces energy and cooling water consumption, and CO2-e emissions.

description: In many large office buildings, hospitals and hotels AC cooling is affected by chilled water generated by a refrigerating plant which rejects its heat to the environment by means of cooling tower water or, increasingly so, by air cooled condensers and adiabatically assisted air cooled condensers. Hot water for space heating, AC reheat and sanitary purposes is usually provided by a boiler.
Using a COAG, the Council of Australian Governments, data base on annual energy consumption per m2 of building, it is shown that significant reductions in the electrical energy, natural gas and cooling water consumption may be achieved when using transcritical CO2 refrigerating systems for building cooling, heating and sanitary hot water, thus saving gas and attendant emissions, and cooling water.
It is shown that the specific energy consumption measured in kWh/m2.annum reduces about 30% when retrofitting trans-critical CO2 systems to existing Australian buildings and about 55% in new buildings. These numbers range from about 10% to 50% in hospitals. Australian supermarkets are also discussed.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0009
title: Toward a fast and flexible transfer model for horticultural products packaged into boxes.

description: Packaging fruit into boxes prior to pre-cooling benefits the horticultural cool chain by facilitating large-scale cooling and transport. A cooling prediction model that is applicable across many different packaging and product types would aid optimisation of packaging systems and operating conditions. This paper presents a new preliminary model, applied to a single box of kiwifruit wrapped in a polyliner. X-ray tomography was used to determine the exact bulk fruit shape; and was then divided into a small set of space averaged zones. The properties of each zone were determined in an automated fashion, based on the local porosity. The resulting cooling predictions reached unity with a resolution of just 125 zones, representing a solution time of only 42 seconds for 20 hours of simulated cooling. Being fast and flexible, the model will be validated against a real-world box of kiwifruit, being cooled in a refrigerated wind tunnel.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0014
title: Investigating micro-fin and smooth tubes in horizontal two-phase flow boiling using R-1234ze and R-134a refrigerants.

description: Global warming is becoming a major issue to the environmental perspective of view and one of the several causes is the release of refrigerants to the atmosphere. This research investigates refrigerant R-1234ze that is considered to substitute R-134a. A microfin and smooth tube with 9.5mm outer diameter was used in a two-phase flow horizontal convective boiling to study the pressure drop and the enhancement of heat transfer coefficients. The brazed microfin inside a stainless steel tube was heated electrically with current. Thermocouples were inserted in the wall to measure the temperature distribution. The measurements were carried out at saturation temperature of 20°C by varying the refrigerant mass velocity between 50 kg/m2s and 200 kg/m2s, the vapor quality from 0.1 to 0.9, at different heat fluxes. Results from the two refrigerants and tubes were analyzed and compared basing on the values of the two-phase heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0012
title: Three dimensional modelling of water and salting kinetics in dry-cured ham for improved quality control.

description: Superior quality and reduced salt content is of major importance in the production of dry-cured ham, which is a product with long traditions in several countries worldwide. The production is time-consuming and includes salting, resting and months of drying and ripening at low temperatures. The effects of the salt and water contents on the drying and ripening processes are of great concern. The industry would benefit from optimal drying and salting conditions for quality improvements as well as process optimization, with respect to temperature requirements and energy efficiency. A three dimensional model was developed in Comsol© and gives good visual overview over these processes in order to investigate different salting and drying scenarios during combined water and salt transport. Computer modelling is quicker, cheaper and much more flexible and convenient than experimental exploitation of different options, and gives detailed information also about the processes inside the meat. Models are compared to experimental data to ensure their reliability.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0025
title: Driving clean cold.

description: Research has predicted extremely rapid growth of demand for transport refrigeration units (TRUs), with upper estimates suggesting there could be over 16 million TRUs in operation by 2025 – up from 2.1million today. This growth will largely be driven by changing demographics in the Asia Pacific region and could have major global environmental consequences if met with existing fossil fuelled technology.
This paper will evaluate the potential reductions in all forms of pollution that could arise from mass adoption of novel, zero emission, liquid air TRUs. It will be based upon original analysis of ten European markets, their demand for transport refrigeration and the pollution associated with existing TRUs. This provides a baseline to evaluate the potential environmental benefits of introducing zero emission alternatives. The paper will also consider the potential for liquid air technologies to be adopted quickly, assessing both available infrastructure and the economic viability of the technology.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0010
title: A CFD study of adapting on-off cooling cycles in apple cold stores for energy saving.

description: Cooling during long-term storage of apples is a costly endeavour where electricity costs contribute up to 60% of the total variable costs at the end of storage. Here, the effect of controlling on-off cooling cycles on temperature and quality change uniformity and energy consumption is investigated with transient CFD models. The quality change of apples during the storage season as a function of position in the room is calculated with a firmness model using the FRISBEE tool. The on-off cooling cycle is regulated based on three different cooling differentials (0.4, 0.5 and 0.7°C). Temperature fluctuations were large near the edges of the stack. A
larger cooling differential led to larger fluctuations in the middle of the stack compared to the smaller differentials. Although off-cooling cycles were longer with larger differential, overall this strategy consumed more energy. Differences in apple firmness changes between the three cooling differentials are found insignificant. The smaller cooling differential resulted in a better overall performance.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0011
title: Use of thermal conductivity models to check measured thermal conductivity data.

description: Thermal conductivity data are important for modelling thermal processes and designing refrigeration systems. The literature contains a large number of data for food products, but many are questionable, whether due to typographical errors during publication, indirect measurement methods or inherent variability in the properties of the food itself. This paper describes a method by which the reliability of thermal conductivity data can be checked using simple thermal conductivity models and basic heat transfer theory, provided composition data for the foods is available, or may be assumed based on foods with similar composition. The method is applied to a variety of foods to serve as worked examples. It is recommended that these bounds be used to check the credibility of measured data, before it is published, and also to check published data before it is used in any calculations.
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/00c251faa97e7171887a234994a8515d
title: Groundwater Levels on Hog Island, VA. 2007-
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/f0add748da829b7d710a7e75c3b00413
title: Specific Leaf Area for a chronosquence of Morella cerifera shrub thickets on Hog Island, VA, 2012
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/d0e33a76b3f47c86e08d908f9447ca71
title: Hourly Meteorological Data for the Virginia Coast Reserve LTER 1989-present
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0028
title: Metal corrosion in marine refrigerated containers.

description: Marine refrigerated containers have a substantial amount of Aluminum and Copper within the cargo area. Not only is the floor constructed of extruded aluminum ‘T’ section but also the evaporator fins along with other surface and structural components. The pipe work of the refrigeration system is constructed entirely of copper. In many cases significant corrosion occurs which not only makes the inside of containers unsightly and less hygienic but can affect their efficiency and structural integrity. Information is presented on the causes of the corrosion and possible methods of prevention are discussed.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0026
title: Effects of product usage scenarios on environmental performance for road transport refrigeration units.

description: A significant issue for the transport refrigeration industry is its high use of non-renewable energy for both motion and refrigeration. With the goal of reducing the environmental footprint, this study is focused on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Truck Refrigeration Units (TRU). Contrary to most studies about TRU, this study considers alternative impact categories, including energy consumption, refrigerant fluids and their associated impacts. The LCA reveals that the operation phase is a significant source of environmental impact, while the usage-scenario also has a high influence on the impact. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the weight of the transported product profile (frozen or fresh), type of transport (distribution or long haul) and the operating mode (continuous run, start/stop) on the environmental footprint of transport refrigeration. Finally, the LCA results highlight the necessity to consider the role of customer behavior on the environmental performance of transport refrigeration units.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0017
title: Influence of defrosting on food preservation in a household refrigerator.

description: A study was carried out on defrosting phenomena and its influence on food preservation inside a household refrigerator. Potato samples were tested during their freezing process while defrosting occurs. The frozen potato samples were also tested during defrosting process. The results showed that the temperature fluctuation of the freezing chamber during defrosting is about 4.58 times as much as the one without defrosting. Defrosting elongates freezing time, 13.5% increase in the maximum crystallization stage and 5.1% increase in the whole freezing time for the tested sample. Defrosting also affects the temperature fluctuation of the frozen food, about 5.45 times of that without defrosting.
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/4d8f6c14edf2ff70032f278a2c8191fd
title: Tide Data for Hog Island (1991-), Redbank (1992-), Oyster (2007-). 12 minute interval
DOI: 10.6073/pasta/a6b582a0d4c7e1fce658c92d7476244c
title: Water Quality  of Virginia Coastal Bays- Nutrients, 1992-2008
DOI: 10.14457/nida.the.2001.135
title: ความพึงพอใจในงานบริการของผู้รับบริการที่คลินิกพิเศษนอกเวลาราชการของโรงพยาบาลจุฬาลงกรณ์ สภากาชาดไทย /
DOI: 10.7487/2016.166.1.980
title: Copepod Data for CPR Standard Area F10 (extract for Emily Brownlee)

description: Total Eyecount and Traverse Copepod data for area F10.
DOI: 10.14457/nida.the.2001.136
title: ความคิดเห็นของเกษตรกรต่อการจัดที่ดินทำกินในเขตปฏิรูปที่ดิน : ศึกษากรณี เขตปฏิรูปที่ดินโครงการป่าห้วยขมิ้น-พุน้ำร้อน-หนองหญ้าไทร อำเภอด่านช้าง จังหวัดสุพรรณบุรี /
DOI: 10.14457/nida.the.2001.137
title: ทัศนคติของครูต่อโครงการอาหารกลางวันในโรงเรียนประถมศึกษา สังกัดสำนักงานเขตพระนคร กรุงเทพมหานคร /
DOI: 10.14457/nida.the.2001.138
title: ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างความรู้ ทัศนคติและพฤติกรรมประชาธิปไตยของนักศึกษาที่กำลังศึกษา ในสถานศึกษาระดับมหาวิทยาลัยในประเทศไทย /
DOI: 10.14457/nida.the.2001.139
title: ปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์ต่อความเครียดของพนักงานระดับปฏิบัติการในโรงงานอุตสาหกรรมผลิตถุงมือยางทางการแพทย์ : กรณีศึกษา บริษัทเมดไลน์ โปรดักส์ จำกัด /
DOI: 10.14457/nida.the.2001.140
title: การสร้างเสริมอำนาจให้พนักงานในองค์กร : กรณีศึกษา บริษัทยางสยามอุตสาหกรรม จำกัด /
DOI: 10.14457/nida.the.2001.141
title: การออกแบบรายการขีดความสามารถในงานของบริษัท บางจากปิโตรเลียม จำกัด [มหาชน] /
DOI: 10.14457/nida.the.2001.142
title: การศึกษาระบบสารสนเทศในงานพัฒนาบุคลากร สำนักงานสาธารณสุขจังหวัด /
DOI: 10.14457/nida.the.2001.143
title: คุณลักษณะผู้บริหารพึ่งปรารถนาในทัศนของเจ้าหน้าที่โรงพยาบาลแห่งหนึ่งในจังหวัดนราธิวาส /
DOI: 10.14457/nida.the.2001.144
title: บทบาทและแนวทางการพัฒนานักพัฒนาทรัพยากรมนุษย์ในส่วนภูมิภาคของกระทรวงสาธารณสุข : กรณีศึกษา เขตสาธารณสุขที่ 2 /
DOI: 10.14457/nida.the.2001.145
title: การศึกษาการจัดงบประมาณของคณะกรรมการพิจารณาจัดสรรงบประมาณสนับสนุนองค์กรพัฒนาเอกชนด้านเอดส์ กรมควบคุมโรคติดต่อ /
DOI: 10.14457/nida.the.2001.146
title: ปัญหาความต้องการของประชาชนชาวไทย-พุทธ ในเขตชุมชนชนบทกับอำนาจการนำของผู้นำในท้องถิ่น : ศึกษากรณี จังหวัดปัตตานี /
DOI: 10.14457/nida.the.2001.147
title: ปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับทัศนคติต่อโครงการพักชำระหนี้และลดภาระหนี้ให้แก่เกษตรกรรายย่อยของหัวหน้ากลุ่มลูกค้า ธนาคารเพื่อการเกษตรและสหกรณ์การเกษตร อำเภอตระการพืชผล จังหวัดอุบลราชธานี /
DOI: 10.14457/nida.the.2001.148
title: ทัศนะของข้าราชการในทำเนียบรัฐบาลต่อการยอมรับการชุมนุมประท้วงของประชาชนบริเวณรอบทำเนียบรัฐบาลในช่วงปี 2543 /
DOI: 10.14457/nida.the.2001.149
title: ความเครียดในการปฏิบัติงานด้านการป้องกันและปราบปรามอาชญากรรมของตำรวจสายตรวจ สังกัดกองบังคับการตำรวจนครบาล 9 กองบัญชาการตำรวจนครบาล /