DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7435059
title: NOAA PSL thermodynamic profiles retrieved from ASSIST infrared radiances with the optimal estimation physical retrieval TROPoe during SPLASH

description: This dataset contains daily files with thermodynamic profiles retrieved with the optimal estimation physical retrieval TROPoe (TROPoe, Turner and Löhnert 2014; Turner and Blumberg 2019; Turner and Löhnert 2021). The profiles are retrieved every 10 min from instantaneous radiances observed with an Atmospheric Sounder Spectrometer by Infrared Spectral Technology (ASSIST, Rochette et al. 2009). The ASSIST was deployed at Roaring Judy in the East River Watershed in Colorado (38.7169321 N, 106.853031 W, 2494 m above mean sea level) from 21 October 2021 to 28 January 2022 as part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere, and Surface for Hydrometeorology (SPLASH) campaign. The spectral bands used in the retrieval are in the wavenumber range from 612 - 905.4 cm<sup>-1</sup> and are specified in Turner and Löhnert (2021). Additional input data in TROPoe are cloud base height from a collocated ceilometer, temperature, water vapor mixing ratio, and pressure from colocated near-surface measurements and from hourly analysis profiles from the operational Rapid Refresh (RAP, Benjamin et al. 2021) weather prediction model at the closest grid point. The latter are used only outside the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) above 4 km above ground level (AGL) and provide information in the middle and upper troposphere where little to no information content is available from the infrared radiances. In addition to these temporally resolved input data, TROPoe requires an a priori dataset (prior) which provides mean climatological estimates of thermodynamic profiles and specifies how temperature and humidity covary with height as an input (for details see e.g. Djalalova et al. 2022). The prior is a key component of the retrieval and provides a constraint on the ill-posed inversion problem. For this study, we computed the prior from operational radiosondes launched near Denver, CO, and re-centered the mean profiles of water vapor and temperature to account for the elevation difference between the East River Valley and the launch site near Denver to get a more representative prior. The file format is netcdf and the file naming conventions are NOAA_PSL_ASSIST_RoaringJudy_yyyymmdd.cdf with yyyy: Year mm: Month dd: Day The time stamp of all data is in UTC. Selected basic variables are (many more provided): Name Dimension Unit base_time Single value Seconds (since 00 UTC 1 Jan 1970) time_offset Time Second (since base_time) hour Time Hours since 00UTC this day height Height km AGL <strong>temperature </strong> Time, Height C, temperature <strong>waterVapor </strong> Time, Height g/kg, water vapor mixing ratio theta Time, Height K, potential temperature pressure Time, Height hPa, pressure rh Time, Height %, relative humidity dewpt Time, Height C, dew point temperature thetae Time, Height K, equivalent potential temperature sigma_temperature Time, Height C, 1-sigma uncertainty temperature sigma_waterVapor Time, Height g/kg, 1-sigma uncertainty water vapor cdfs_temperature Time, Height cumulative degrees of freedom for temperature cdfs_waterVapor Time, Height cumulative degrees of freedom for water vapor Bold variables are the main retrieved profiles, from which the other variables are derived. Note that the vertical resolution of the retrieved profiles decreases with height, because of the broadening of the weighting function as a function of height. Thus, there are relatively few independent pieces of information in the profiles, this is reflected in the cumulative degree of freedom variables. The majority of the information from the ASSIST is in the lowest 2-3 km, above that most information comes from the RAP model. Because of strong emission in the infrared from clouds, clouds strongly impact the ability to retrieve profiles from the ASSIST and care should be taken when analyzing the retrievals in the presence of clouds. <strong>References: </strong> Rochette, L., W. L. Smith, M. Howard, and T. Bratcher, 2009: ASSIST, atmospheric sounder spectrometer for infrared spectral technology: Latest development and improvement in the atmospheric sounding technology. Imaging spectrometry XIV, Vol. 7457 of, SPIE, 9–17. Turner, D. D., and U. Löhnert, 2014: Information content and uncertainties in thermodynamic profiles and liquid cloud properties retrieved from the ground-based atmospheric emitted radiance interferometer (AERI). J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 53, 752–771, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0126.1. Turner, D. D., and W. G. Blumberg, 2019: Improvements to the AERIoe thermodynamic profile retrieval algorithm. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 12, 1339–1354, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2018.2874968. Turner, D. D., and U. Löhnert, 2021: Ground-based temperature and humidity profiling: Combining active and passive remote sensors. Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 3033–3048, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3033-2021.