cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11493441
title: The Neoproterozoic ophiolitic ultramafic rocks in Eastern Desert of Egypt: implications for petrogenesis and metasomatic processes

description: This paper deals with the mineral chemistry and geochemistry of ophiolitic peridotites from three localities in the Eastern Desert of Egypt, namely; Wadi Muweilha, Wadi Arayis and Gabal Kurbiyay. The present peridotites show variable degrees of alteration, including; serpentinized peridotites, serpentinites and talc-carbonate rocks with small-scale outcrops of chromitites, serpentinized pyroxenites and chloritites. Cr-spinel together with olivine and pyroxene relics represent the most common primary phases in the studied rock types. The investigated rocks represent mantle residues that experienced high degrees of partial melting. The Cr numbers of Cr-spinels reveal that serpentinized pyroxenites exhibit lower degrees of partial melting (~35%) than serpentinites and chromitites (&gt; 35%). The whole-rock trace and rare earth elements (REE) data together with the elevated Cr# of Cr-spinels (&gt;0.6), high Mg# of olivines (Fo = 90.82–92.61) and depleted composition of clinopyroxene are consistent with a fore-arc supra-subduction zone environment. The enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREEs) relative to heavy ones (HREE) in samples of W. Muweilha and W. Arayis could be attributed to the induction of serpentinization-related hydrothermal fluids. In contrast, the studied samples of G. Kurbiyay are depleted in LREE compared with HREE in common with a previously formed abyssal peridotite that later modified in a fore-arc region. The serpentinized pyroxenites and chloritites are speculated a genetic relationship with the rest of the mantle suite. The former is produced by the assimilation of subducted sediments in arc-related magmas. The latter is considered to be products of retrograde metamorphism simultaneously with the obduction and thrusting of the ophiolitic ultramafics. The investigated Cr-rich chromitites were formed from boninitic melts resulting from the high-degree melting of the sub-arc depleted mantle in the presence of slab-derived fluids at a mature-arc stage.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11493441.v1
title: The Neoproterozoic ophiolitic ultramafic rocks in Eastern Desert of Egypt: implications for petrogenesis and metasomatic processes

description: This paper deals with the mineral chemistry and geochemistry of ophiolitic peridotites from three localities in the Eastern Desert of Egypt, namely; Wadi Muweilha, Wadi Arayis and Gabal Kurbiyay. The present peridotites show variable degrees of alteration, including; serpentinized peridotites, serpentinites and talc-carbonate rocks with small-scale outcrops of chromitites, serpentinized pyroxenites and chloritites. Cr-spinel together with olivine and pyroxene relics represent the most common primary phases in the studied rock types. The investigated rocks represent mantle residues that experienced high degrees of partial melting. The Cr numbers of Cr-spinels reveal that serpentinized pyroxenites exhibit lower degrees of partial melting (~35%) than serpentinites and chromitites (&gt; 35%). The whole-rock trace and rare earth elements (REE) data together with the elevated Cr# of Cr-spinels (&gt;0.6), high Mg# of olivines (Fo = 90.82–92.61) and depleted composition of clinopyroxene are consistent with a fore-arc supra-subduction zone environment. The enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREEs) relative to heavy ones (HREE) in samples of W. Muweilha and W. Arayis could be attributed to the induction of serpentinization-related hydrothermal fluids. In contrast, the studied samples of G. Kurbiyay are depleted in LREE compared with HREE in common with a previously formed abyssal peridotite that later modified in a fore-arc region. The serpentinized pyroxenites and chloritites are speculated a genetic relationship with the rest of the mantle suite. The former is produced by the assimilation of subducted sediments in arc-related magmas. The latter is considered to be products of retrograde metamorphism simultaneously with the obduction and thrusting of the ophiolitic ultramafics. The investigated Cr-rich chromitites were formed from boninitic melts resulting from the high-degree melting of the sub-arc depleted mantle in the presence of slab-derived fluids at a mature-arc stage.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12925495.v1
title: The early Palaeogene transition from thin-skinned to thick-skinned shortening in the Potosí uplift, Sierra Madre Oriental, northeastern Mexico

description: The central Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico developed primarily in the Late Cretaceous to early Palaeogene as a thin-skinned fold belt above a décollement hosted in Jurassic evaporite. In some regions shortening transitioned to sub-décollement structural levels, resulting in thick-skinned uplifts such as the Potosí uplift in Nuevo León. Thick-skinned deformation in the Potosí uplift involved folding of sub-décollement strata into an NNW-trending anticlinorium, cleavage development, thrust and conjugate strike-slip faulting, and extension fractures associated with barite mineralization. These structures consistently record subhorizontal shortening, directed ~52–65° in the southern uplift, ~69–72° in the northern uplift. Palaeocene to mid-Eocene zircon (U-Th)/He cooling dates record the timing of exhumation associated with thick-skinned uplift and suggest a continuation of shortening rather than a separate tectonic event. Zircon (U-Th)/He dates across the southern Potosí uplift and the Aramberri uplift, ~50 km to the south, range from ~66–53 Ma, whereas dates in the northern part of the Potosí uplift range from ~49–44 Ma. We attribute the transition to thick-skinned shortening to the mechanical strengthening of a planar décollement as rheologically weak evaporite was evacuated beneath synclinal keels of detachment folds. Along-strike differences in timing of exhumation and shortening directions may relate to differences in mechanical stratigraphy. Thicker intervals of evaporite in the northern uplift allowed thin-skinned shortening to continue while the southern uplift transitioned to thick-skinned shortening as the evaporite décollement was exhausted. As a result, stress-strain trajectories in the northern uplift refracted clockwise during continued deformation. Our findings provide new insight into the structural evolution of the Potosí uplift and may provide a framework for studying other thick-skinned uplifts in the orogen, and more generally orogenic belts that record a transition in deformation styles during progressive shortening.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12925495
title: The early Palaeogene transition from thin-skinned to thick-skinned shortening in the Potosí uplift, Sierra Madre Oriental, northeastern Mexico

description: The central Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico developed primarily in the Late Cretaceous to early Palaeogene as a thin-skinned fold belt above a décollement hosted in Jurassic evaporite. In some regions shortening transitioned to sub-décollement structural levels, resulting in thick-skinned uplifts such as the Potosí uplift in Nuevo León. Thick-skinned deformation in the Potosí uplift involved folding of sub-décollement strata into an NNW-trending anticlinorium, cleavage development, thrust and conjugate strike-slip faulting, and extension fractures associated with barite mineralization. These structures consistently record subhorizontal shortening, directed ~52–65° in the southern uplift, ~69–72° in the northern uplift. Palaeocene to mid-Eocene zircon (U-Th)/He cooling dates record the timing of exhumation associated with thick-skinned uplift and suggest a continuation of shortening rather than a separate tectonic event. Zircon (U-Th)/He dates across the southern Potosí uplift and the Aramberri uplift, ~50 km to the south, range from ~66–53 Ma, whereas dates in the northern part of the Potosí uplift range from ~49–44 Ma. We attribute the transition to thick-skinned shortening to the mechanical strengthening of a planar décollement as rheologically weak evaporite was evacuated beneath synclinal keels of detachment folds. Along-strike differences in timing of exhumation and shortening directions may relate to differences in mechanical stratigraphy. Thicker intervals of evaporite in the northern uplift allowed thin-skinned shortening to continue while the southern uplift transitioned to thick-skinned shortening as the evaporite décollement was exhausted. As a result, stress-strain trajectories in the northern uplift refracted clockwise during continued deformation. Our findings provide new insight into the structural evolution of the Potosí uplift and may provide a framework for studying other thick-skinned uplifts in the orogen, and more generally orogenic belts that record a transition in deformation styles during progressive shortening.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9980495
title: Early Cretaceous sedimentary provenance and structural evolution of the central Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone, Iran: implications for palaeogeographic reconstructions of the northern Neo-Tethyan margin

description: The Early Cretaceous was an important epoch in the evolution of the Earth system in which major tectonic episodes occurred, especially along the Alpine–Himalayan belt. The paucity of reliable palaeogeographic data from the central segment of this geological puzzle, however, hampers the reconstruction of a panoramic view of its Early Cretaceous palaeogeography and geodynamic setting. Here we present multidisciplinary provenance data from Lower Cretaceous strata of the overriding plate of the Neo-Tethyan subduction zone (the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone; SSZ, of central Iran), including structural, basin-fill evolution, petrographic and geochemical analyses. Sandstone provenance analysis of Lower Cretaceous red beds suggests the occurrence of sub-mature litho-quartzose sandstones attributed to an active continental arc margin in convergent setting predominantly derived from plutonic, quartzose sedimentary and metamorphic rocks exposed in the central SSZ. Weathering indices indicate moderate chemical weathering in the source area which may be related to close source-to-sink relationships or arid climate. Our palaeogeographic reconstructions and original geological mapping indicate that the erosion of uplifted basement rocks exposed in horst blocks provided the sediment sources for the syn-extensional deposition of uppermost Jurassic–lowermost Cretaceous conglomerates and Lower Cretaceous siliciclastic red beds within a continental retro-arc basin during initiation of the ‘Neo-Tethys 2ʹ. The polyphase tectonic reactivation along the principal fault of the study area controlled the syn- and post-extensional tectonostratigraphic evolution that reflect the corresponding mechanical decoupling/coupling along the northern Neo-Tethyan plate margin.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9980495.v1
title: Early Cretaceous sedimentary provenance and structural evolution of the central Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone, Iran: implications for palaeogeographic reconstructions of the northern Neo-Tethyan margin

description: The Early Cretaceous was an important epoch in the evolution of the Earth system in which major tectonic episodes occurred, especially along the Alpine–Himalayan belt. The paucity of reliable palaeogeographic data from the central segment of this geological puzzle, however, hampers the reconstruction of a panoramic view of its Early Cretaceous palaeogeography and geodynamic setting. Here we present multidisciplinary provenance data from Lower Cretaceous strata of the overriding plate of the Neo-Tethyan subduction zone (the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone; SSZ, of central Iran), including structural, basin-fill evolution, petrographic and geochemical analyses. Sandstone provenance analysis of Lower Cretaceous red beds suggests the occurrence of sub-mature litho-quartzose sandstones attributed to an active continental arc margin in convergent setting predominantly derived from plutonic, quartzose sedimentary and metamorphic rocks exposed in the central SSZ. Weathering indices indicate moderate chemical weathering in the source area which may be related to close source-to-sink relationships or arid climate. Our palaeogeographic reconstructions and original geological mapping indicate that the erosion of uplifted basement rocks exposed in horst blocks provided the sediment sources for the syn-extensional deposition of uppermost Jurassic–lowermost Cretaceous conglomerates and Lower Cretaceous siliciclastic red beds within a continental retro-arc basin during initiation of the ‘Neo-Tethys 2ʹ. The polyphase tectonic reactivation along the principal fault of the study area controlled the syn- and post-extensional tectonostratigraphic evolution that reflect the corresponding mechanical decoupling/coupling along the northern Neo-Tethyan plate margin.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9178991
title: Eocene I-type magmatism in the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: insights into magma genesis and magma-tectonic evolution from whole-rock geochemistry, geochronology and isotope systematics

description: The Eastern Pontides orogenic belt in NE Turkey hosts numerous I-type plutons of Eocene epoch. Here, we report new U–Pb SHRIMP zircon ages and in situ zircon Lu-Hf isotopes along with bulk-rock geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb-O isotope data from the Kemerlikdağı, Aydıntepe and Pelitli plutons and mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) to constrain their parental melt source(s) and evolutionary processes. U-Pb SHRIMP zircon dating yielded crystallization ages between 45 and 44 Ma for the studied plutons and their MMEs. The plutons range from gabbro to granite and have I-type, medium to high-K calc-alkaline, and metaluminous to slightly peraluminous characteristics. On the primitive mantle-normalized multi-trace-element variations, the plutons and their MMEs are characterized by signiﬁcant enrichment in LILE/HFSE. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the plutons and their MMEs are close to each other and show moderate enrichment with variable negative Eu anomalies. The studied plutons have fairly homogeneous isotope composition (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr<sub>(i)</sub> = 0.70502 to 0.70560; εNd<sub>(i)</sub> = +0.9 to – 1.4; δ<sup>18</sup>O = +5.0 to +8.7‰, εHf<sub>(i)</sub> = – 2.2 to +13.5). The MMEs show medium to high-K calc-alkaline and metaluminous character. Although the isotope signatures of the MMEs (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr<sub>(i)</sub> = 0.70508 to 0.70542; εNd<sub>(i)</sub> = +0.9 to −1.1; δ<sup>18</sup>O = +5.8 to +8.0, εHf<sub>(i)</sub> = +4.3 to +10.4) are very similar to those of the host rocks. Fractionation of plagioclase, amphibole, pyroxene and Fe-Ti oxides played an important role in the evolution of the plutons. The isotopic composition of the studied plutons and MMEs are similar to I-type plutons derived from mantle sources. The MMEs show incomplete magma mixing/mingling, representing small bodies of mafic parental magma. The parental magma(s) of the studied plutons were generated from the enriched lithospheric mantle and then modified by fractional crystallisation, and lesser assimilation and mixing/mingling in the crustal magma chambers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9178991.v1
title: Eocene I-type magmatism in the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: insights into magma genesis and magma-tectonic evolution from whole-rock geochemistry, geochronology and isotope systematics

description: The Eastern Pontides orogenic belt in NE Turkey hosts numerous I-type plutons of Eocene epoch. Here, we report new U–Pb SHRIMP zircon ages and in situ zircon Lu-Hf isotopes along with bulk-rock geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb-O isotope data from the Kemerlikdağı, Aydıntepe and Pelitli plutons and mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) to constrain their parental melt source(s) and evolutionary processes. U-Pb SHRIMP zircon dating yielded crystallization ages between 45 and 44 Ma for the studied plutons and their MMEs. The plutons range from gabbro to granite and have I-type, medium to high-K calc-alkaline, and metaluminous to slightly peraluminous characteristics. On the primitive mantle-normalized multi-trace-element variations, the plutons and their MMEs are characterized by signiﬁcant enrichment in LILE/HFSE. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the plutons and their MMEs are close to each other and show moderate enrichment with variable negative Eu anomalies. The studied plutons have fairly homogeneous isotope composition (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr<sub>(i)</sub> = 0.70502 to 0.70560; εNd<sub>(i)</sub> = +0.9 to – 1.4; δ<sup>18</sup>O = +5.0 to +8.7‰, εHf<sub>(i)</sub> = – 2.2 to +13.5). The MMEs show medium to high-K calc-alkaline and metaluminous character. Although the isotope signatures of the MMEs (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr<sub>(i)</sub> = 0.70508 to 0.70542; εNd<sub>(i)</sub> = +0.9 to −1.1; δ<sup>18</sup>O = +5.8 to +8.0, εHf<sub>(i)</sub> = +4.3 to +10.4) are very similar to those of the host rocks. Fractionation of plagioclase, amphibole, pyroxene and Fe-Ti oxides played an important role in the evolution of the plutons. The isotopic composition of the studied plutons and MMEs are similar to I-type plutons derived from mantle sources. The MMEs show incomplete magma mixing/mingling, representing small bodies of mafic parental magma. The parental magma(s) of the studied plutons were generated from the enriched lithospheric mantle and then modified by fractional crystallisation, and lesser assimilation and mixing/mingling in the crustal magma chambers.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9699374.v1
title: The Byers Basin: Jurassic-Cretaceous tectonic and depositional evolution of the forearc deposits of the South Shetland Islands and its implications for the northern Antarctic Peninsula

description: This paper addresses the Jurassic–Cretaceous stratigraphic evolution of fore-arc deposits exposed along the west coast of the northern Antarctic Peninsula. In the South Shetland Islands, Upper Jurassic deep-marine sediments are uncomformably overlain by a Lower Cretaceous volcaniclastic sequence that crops out on Livingston, Snow and Low islands. U-Pb zircon ages are presented for the upper Anchorage Formation (153.1 ± 1.7 Ma) and the Cape Wallace granodiorite of Low Island (137.1 ± 1.7 Ma) as well as <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages of 136–139 Ma for Low Island andesites. Data are also presented for a U-Pb age of 109.0 ± 1.4 Ma for the upper volcanic succession of Snow Island. In combination with published stratigraphy, these data provide a refined chrono- and litho-stratigraphic framework for the deposits herein referred to as the Byers Basin. Tentative correlation is explored with previously described deposits on Adelaide and Alexander islands, which could suggest further continuation of the Byers Basin towards the south. We also discuss possible correlation of the Byers Basin with the Larsen Basin, a sequence that shows the evolution of foreland to back-arc deposits more or less contemporaneously with the fore-arc to intra-arc evolution of the Byers Basin.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.9699374
title: The Byers Basin: Jurassic-Cretaceous tectonic and depositional evolution of the forearc deposits of the South Shetland Islands and its implications for the northern Antarctic Peninsula

description: This paper addresses the Jurassic–Cretaceous stratigraphic evolution of fore-arc deposits exposed along the west coast of the northern Antarctic Peninsula. In the South Shetland Islands, Upper Jurassic deep-marine sediments are uncomformably overlain by a Lower Cretaceous volcaniclastic sequence that crops out on Livingston, Snow and Low islands. U-Pb zircon ages are presented for the upper Anchorage Formation (153.1 ± 1.7 Ma) and the Cape Wallace granodiorite of Low Island (137.1 ± 1.7 Ma) as well as <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages of 136–139 Ma for Low Island andesites. Data are also presented for a U-Pb age of 109.0 ± 1.4 Ma for the upper volcanic succession of Snow Island. In combination with published stratigraphy, these data provide a refined chrono- and litho-stratigraphic framework for the deposits herein referred to as the Byers Basin. Tentative correlation is explored with previously described deposits on Adelaide and Alexander islands, which could suggest further continuation of the Byers Basin towards the south. We also discuss possible correlation of the Byers Basin with the Larsen Basin, a sequence that shows the evolution of foreland to back-arc deposits more or less contemporaneously with the fore-arc to intra-arc evolution of the Byers Basin.
DOI: 10.7284/134621
title: ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) data collected during research cruise LMG1902 using a Hawaii UHDAS instrument system onboard the platform RV Laurence M. Gould

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.7284/134618
title: Multiplexed data collected during research cruise LMG1902 using a USAP Winch instrument system onboard the platform RV Laurence M. Gould

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.7284/134625
title: CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth) data collected during research cruise LMG1902 using a Sea-Bird SBE-911+ instrument system onboard the platform RV Laurence M. Gould

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.7284/134624
title: Expendable Probe data collected during research cruise LMG1902 using a Sippican MK21 instrument system onboard the platform RV Laurence M. Gould

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.7284/134626
title: Fluorometer data collected during research cruise LMG1902 using a WET Labs ECO-FL instrument system onboard the platform RV Laurence M. Gould

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.7284/134627
title: GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) data collected during research cruise LMG1902 using a Garmin 19x instrument system onboard the platform RV Laurence M. Gould

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.7284/134628
title: Gyrocompass data collected during research cruise LMG1902 using a SGB Meridian instrument system onboard the platform RV Laurence M. Gould

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.7284/134629
title: INS (Inertial Navigation System) data collected during research cruise LMG1902 using a Kongsberg Seapath 330+ instrument system onboard the platform RV Laurence M. Gould

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.7284/134630
title: Meteorological Station data collected during research cruise LMG1902 using a USAP RVDAS Metstation instrument system onboard the platform RV Laurence M. Gould

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.7284/134622
title: Oxygen data collected during research cruise LMG1902 using a AANDERAA Optode 3975 instrument system onboard the platform RV Laurence M. Gould

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.7284/134623
title: pCO2 (Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide) data collected during research cruise LMG1902 using a LDEO pCO2 instrument system onboard the platform RV Laurence M. Gould

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.7284/134617
title: Radiometer data collected during research cruise LMG1902 using a Biospherical GUV-2511 instrument system onboard the platform RV Laurence M. Gould

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.7284/134631
title: Singlebeam Echosounder data collected during research cruise LMG1902 using a Knudsen 3260 instrument system onboard the platform RV Laurence M. Gould

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition
DOI: 10.7284/134620
title: Water Temperature data collected during research cruise LMG1902 using a Sea-Bird SBE-38 instrument system onboard the platform RV Laurence M. Gould

description: Original (unprocessed) data collected during a Field_expedition