cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124865.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Internalization of CCR4 and Inhibition of Chemotaxis by K777, a Potent and Selective CCR4 Antagonist

description: CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) is a G protein-coupled receptor that regulates the chemotaxis of Th2 lymphocytes, which are key players in allergic diseases. K777 is a small compound identified in a binding assay using a CCR4 ligand, CCL17. K777 inhibited both CCL17 binding and CCL17-induced chemotaxis in Hut78 cells (IC<sub>50</sub>: 57 and 8.9 nmol/l, respectively). The K777-mediated inhibition of chemotaxis was potent even in the presence of a 10-fold higher concentration of CCL17. The imaging and flow cytometric analyses revealed that K777 induced CCR4 internalization, with a ∼50% reduction of cell surface CCR4. K777 did not inhibit CXCR4-induced chemotaxis or internalization and did not bring about Ca<sup>2+</sup> mobilization by itself. A Scatchard plot analysis of the binding assay using radiolabeled K777 revealed a single high-affinity binding site on the CCR4 molecule. These results indicate that K777 is a selective CCR4 antagonist featuring the potent chemotaxis inhibition, to which the internalization-inducible ability of K777 to hide a part of cell surface CCR4 may contribute.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124832
title: Supplementary Material for: Predictors and Timing of Recanalization in Intracranial Carotid Artery and Siphon Dissection: An Ultrasound Follow-up Study

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Intra- and extracranial internal carotid artery dissections (ICD) are two different pathological conditions. Extracranial dissection is considered to be among the most frequent causes of stroke in the young and the segment generally reopens in 2 out of 3 cases, completely or partially, within 6 months. Intracranial ICD (IICD) is considered a rare occurrence in stroke and, accordingly, there are few systematic published data. However, it is a clinically significant condition that may cause severely disabling ischemic stroke or subarachnoid hemorrhage. In the past, sole availability of invasive imaging methods for its detection may have induced an underreporting. The aim of the study was to analyze ultrasound findings, timing and predictors of recanalization in patients with IICD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> IICD acute patients admitted to our Stroke Unit were submitted to carotid sonographic seriated monitoring, daily for the 1st week after symptom onset, at day 14, at month 1 and every 3 months thereafter up to a follow-up of 4 years. Contrast carotid ultrasound was performed in patients with persistent occlusion after month 1. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Fourteen acute patients with IICD were enrolled. Extracranial internal carotid patency was observed in 8 patients at first ultrasound scans; all of these showed complete intracranial recanalization within the 1st week and oral anticoagulants were withdrawn after 6 months. Conversely, in 6 patients retrograde extracranial internal carotid thrombosis was immediately observed, since the first ultrasound scans. In 4 of these the occlusion persisted after 4 years while 2 of them had only a partial recanalization, with evidence at contrast ultrasound of still late remodeling processes in the extracranial thrombus up to 2 years after the first observation; for this reason, in these 2 patients anticoagulation was not discontinued, while in the 4 patients with persistent, stable, occlusion, therapy was suspended 1 year after the diagnosis. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Identification of the site of dissection - i.e. extra- versus intracranial - is fundamental in clinical studies for outcome and prognosis evaluation. Carotid ultrasound strict surveillance is important to monitor eventual recanalization in patients with ICD, even in a late phase. Retrograde internal carotid thrombosis seems to be correlated with persistent occlusion and partial recanalization. Remodeling of thrombotic material in the internal carotid artery may, however, continue for up to 2 years. In these cases, contrast ultrasound evidence of thrombus morphological changes may support the decision to continue anticoagulation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124856.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Effects of Inulin-Type Fructans on Appetite, Energy Intake, and Body Weight in Children and Adults: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

description: <b><i>Aim:</i></b> To systematically evaluate the effects of inulin-type fructan (ITF) supplementation on appetite, energy intake, and body weight (BW) in children and adults. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to December 2012 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effects of supplementation with well-defined ITF with placebo or no intervention. <b><i>Results:</i></b> For the pediatric population, 4 RCTs (n = 232) met the inclusion criteria. In infants, very limited evidence (1 RCT, n = 62) showed no effect of ITF supplementation on energy intake and BW. One RCT involving 97 nonobese adolescents aged 9 to 13 years found a reduced increase in BW in the oligofructose + inulin (8 g/day) group compared with the control group after 1 year. For the adult population, 15 RCTs (n = 545) met the inclusion criteria. Five RCTs found no effect of ITF supplementation on appetite sensations. Eleven RCTs found no effect of ITF supplementation on daily energy intake or energy intake during a meal tolerance test. Among 3 RCTs that assessed the effect of ITF supplementation on BW, 2 RCTs showed a (significant) reduction in BW. Of 3 RCTs that evaluated body mass index (BMI), 1 RCT showed a significant reduction in BMI in subjects supplemented with ITF. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Limited data suggest that long-term administration of ITF may contribute to weight reduction.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124859.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Secondary Mitral Regurgitation in Heart Failure with Reduced or Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

description: Secondary mitral regurgitation (MR) has been extensively studied in heart failure due to reduced ejection fraction. In contrast, the occurrence and the pathogenesis of secondary MR are much less known in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The present review aimed at describing this common but ignored feature of HFpEF.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124862.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Influence of Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Therapy on Bone Density and Geometry in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Crohn's Disease Patients

description: <b><i>Background and Aims:</i></b> Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) induces remission in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). We investigated the short-term impact of EEN on bone quality and muscle mass in children with CD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Ten newly diagnosed CD patients (7 male, 10.6-17.7 years of age) were assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at the forearm before starting an 8-weeks treatment with EEN, and after 12 and 52 weeks. No steroids or biologicals were applied. Trabecular and cortical bone mineral density, total bone, and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were measured by pQCT and expressed as age- and sex-specific z-scores; size-dependent CSAs were corrected for low height for age. Wilcoxon rank sum test was applied. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Remission at week 12 was achieved in 8 patients; 2 still had mild disease. Initially low trabecular density z-scores improved (+0.3; p = 0.006) at week 12; simultaneously, the increased cortical density z-scores normalized (-0.4; p = 0.027). The low z-score for muscle CSA corrected for height (median -2.5, range -3.49 to -0.97) increased within 12 weeks (+1.0; p = 0.002) with no further improvement thereafter. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The results indicate disturbed bone remodeling and severely impaired muscle mass in newly diagnosed CD children. Bone metabolism and muscle mass improved within 3 months after starting EEN with no further normalization thereafter.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124823
title: Supplementary Material for: Diagnostic Accuracy of CT Perfusion Imaging for Detecting Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The aim of the current study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of CT perfusion (CTP) for the detection of ischemic stroke<b> </b>by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of published reports. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane library using the terms ‘perfusion computed tomography', ‘ischemic stroke' and synonyms. We included studies that: (1) reported original data, (2) studied the diagnostic value of CTP for detecting ischemic stroke, (3) used MRI-DWI, follow-up MRI or follow-up CT as the reference standard, (4) included at least 10 patients who were suspected of ischemic stroke, and (5) reported the number of true positives, true negatives, false positives and false negatives for the diagnosis of ischemic stroke. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Fifteen studies were finally included in the current review with a total of 1,107 patients. A pooled analysis resulted in a sensitivity of 80% (95% confidence interval, CI: 72-86%) and a specificity of 95% (95% CI: 86-98%). Almost two thirds of the false negatives were due to small lacunar infarcts; the remaining false negatives were mostly due to limited coverage. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The current systematic review shows that CTP has a high sensitivity and a very high specificity for detecting infarcts.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124826
title: Supplementary Material for: Validation of FLAIR Hyperintense Lesions as Imaging Biomarkers to Predict the Outcome of Acute Stroke after Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis following Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) given within 4.5 h of symptom onset is accepted as the standard treatment of ischemic stroke. Persistent occlusion of cerebral arteries despite intravenous thrombolysis and unremitting neurologic deficits lead us to consider additional intra-arterial approaches. The aim of this study was to elucidate the potential of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI performed during or immediately after intravenous thrombolysis for predicting clinical outcomes of subsequent intra-arterial thrombolysis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> With a prospective stroke registry database of patients hospitalized in our institution from January 2004 to February 2010, we identified ischemic stroke patients with the following conditions: (1) presentation within 2.5 h of onset, (2) treated with intravenous tPA based on brain CT, (3) persistent occlusion on subsequent MRI/MR angiography, including a FLAIR sequence, and (4) eventually treated with intra-arterial thrombolysis. Demographic, clinical and laboratory findings including initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), follow-up NIHSS at the 7th day or discharge, modified Rankin scale (mRS) score at 3 months, and symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation were captured. FLAIR images were reviewed by 2 investigators blinded to clinical information independently and dichotomized into the absence and presence of FLAIR change within the diffusion-restriction lesions. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 57 patients who met these conditions, FLAIR-hyperintense lesions (FHL) were observed in 32 (56.1%). The FHL-negative group was 69.1 ± 12.1 years old on average and the FHL-positive group 67.3 ± 11.0 years old. In both groups, hypertension was the most common vascular risk factor, cardioembolic stroke was the most common subtype, and distal middle cerebral artery was the most common site of occlusion. The incidence of symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation was 4.0% in the FHL-negative group and 9.4% in the FHL-positive group (p = 0.62). NIHSS scores of 0-1 on the 7th day of hospitalization or at discharge were observed in 36% of the FHL-negative group and in 9.4% of the FHL-positive group; mRS scores of 0-1 at 3 months was 32% in the FHL-negative group and 21% in the FHL-positive group. An ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of FHL was associated with higher 7-day NIHSS scores (adjusted for relevant covariates) but not with higher 3-month mRS scores. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study suggests that the FHL might be used as imaging biomarker to predict outcomes for additional intra-arterial thrombolysis in patients treated with intravenous tPA.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124829
title: Supplementary Material for: Post-Stroke Apathy: An Exploratory Longitudinal Study

description: <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Post-stroke apathy is a disturbance of motivation evidenced by low initiative, difficulties in starting, sustaining or finishing any goal-directed activity, low self-activation or self-initiated behavior and emotional indifference. Apathy is a common behavioral disturbance in stroke survivors. We aimed to analyze the relationship between post-stroke apathy at 1 year after stroke and (1) apathy in acute phase; (2) demographic, pre-stroke predisposing conditions (previous mild cognitive impairment, alcohol abuse, mood/anxiety disorder) and clinical features (stroke type and location, neurological symptoms); (3) post-stroke depression and post-stroke cognitive impairment, and (4) post-stroke functional outcome, quality of life and the perception of health. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Consecutive stroke (infarct/intracerebral hemorrhage) patients without aphasia or consciousness disturbances were included in the acute phase of stroke and assessed at 1 year after stroke. We assessed apathy with the clinically rated version of the Apathy Evaluation Scale. We also assessed post-stroke depression (Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale) and post-stroke cognitive impairment (attention, mental flexibility, verbal, motor and graphomotor initiative, and non-verbal and verbal abstract reasoning, and Mini-Mental State Examination), functional outcome (Barthel Index), quality of life and perception of health (EuroQol). Data were analyzed using bivariate associations (χ<sup>2</sup> and t test) and stepwise multivariate analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We included 76 stroke patients [32.9% women, mean age 62.9 years (SD = 10.9) and a mean of 6.9 (SD = 4.3) years of education]. Apathy was present in 17 patients in the acute phase and in 18 (23.7%) patients at 1 year after stroke. At 1 year after stroke, 41% of the acute apathetic patients remained apathetic. Sixty-one percent of new cases of post-stroke apathy were detected. Post-stroke apathy was associated only with previous cognitive impairment, apathy in acute stroke, post-stroke cognitive impairment, verbal abstract reasoning and with worse Barthel Index scale scores. In the multivariate logistic regression model, verbal abstract reasoning (odds ratio, OR = 7.03) and apathy in acute stroke (OR = 3.8) were identified as independent factors for post-stroke apathy at 1 year. Apathetic patients did not report worse quality of life or health. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Apathy in acute stroke phase was a reliable indicator of post-stroke apathy. Apathy should be assessed in both phases. Verbal abstract reasoning impairment was also an independent factor for post-stroke apathy impairing patients' ability to reason about goal-directed activity. Even though apathetic patients had worse post-stroke functional outcome, they did not report losing quality of life or having worse health.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124820
title: Supplementary Material for: Impact of Mild Cognitive Impairment on Health-Related Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> To assess the impact of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or cognitive decline on health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) in Parkinson's disease (PD). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> HR-QOL measured by the Parkinson Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQ-39), MCI according to Movement Disorder Society Task Force criteria and cognitive decline from premorbid baseline were assessed in non-demented PD patients at 6 movement disorder clinics. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among 137 patients, after adjusting for education, gender, disease duration, and Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale total score, MCI was associated with worse scores within the PDQ-39 dimension of communication (p = 0.008). Subjects were divided into tertiles of cognitive decline from premorbid level. Scores in the dimension of stigma were worst in the second tertile of cognitive decline (p = 0.03). MCI was associated with worse social support scores in the second tertile of cognitive decline (p = 0.008). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> MCI and cognitive decline from premorbid baseline are associated with reduced HR-QOL in communication, stigma, and social support domains. The cognitive decline from premorbid baseline modifies the association between MCI and HR-QOL in PD and knowing both will allow a better appreciation of difficulties patients face in daily life.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124832.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Predictors and Timing of Recanalization in Intracranial Carotid Artery and Siphon Dissection: An Ultrasound Follow-up Study

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Intra- and extracranial internal carotid artery dissections (ICD) are two different pathological conditions. Extracranial dissection is considered to be among the most frequent causes of stroke in the young and the segment generally reopens in 2 out of 3 cases, completely or partially, within 6 months. Intracranial ICD (IICD) is considered a rare occurrence in stroke and, accordingly, there are few systematic published data. However, it is a clinically significant condition that may cause severely disabling ischemic stroke or subarachnoid hemorrhage. In the past, sole availability of invasive imaging methods for its detection may have induced an underreporting. The aim of the study was to analyze ultrasound findings, timing and predictors of recanalization in patients with IICD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> IICD acute patients admitted to our Stroke Unit were submitted to carotid sonographic seriated monitoring, daily for the 1st week after symptom onset, at day 14, at month 1 and every 3 months thereafter up to a follow-up of 4 years. Contrast carotid ultrasound was performed in patients with persistent occlusion after month 1. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Fourteen acute patients with IICD were enrolled. Extracranial internal carotid patency was observed in 8 patients at first ultrasound scans; all of these showed complete intracranial recanalization within the 1st week and oral anticoagulants were withdrawn after 6 months. Conversely, in 6 patients retrograde extracranial internal carotid thrombosis was immediately observed, since the first ultrasound scans. In 4 of these the occlusion persisted after 4 years while 2 of them had only a partial recanalization, with evidence at contrast ultrasound of still late remodeling processes in the extracranial thrombus up to 2 years after the first observation; for this reason, in these 2 patients anticoagulation was not discontinued, while in the 4 patients with persistent, stable, occlusion, therapy was suspended 1 year after the diagnosis. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Identification of the site of dissection - i.e. extra- versus intracranial - is fundamental in clinical studies for outcome and prognosis evaluation. Carotid ultrasound strict surveillance is important to monitor eventual recanalization in patients with ICD, even in a late phase. Retrograde internal carotid thrombosis seems to be correlated with persistent occlusion and partial recanalization. Remodeling of thrombotic material in the internal carotid artery may, however, continue for up to 2 years. In these cases, contrast ultrasound evidence of thrombus morphological changes may support the decision to continue anticoagulation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5124817
title: Supplementary Material for: Crosslinguistic Application of English-Centric Rhythm Descriptors in Motor Speech Disorders

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> Rhythmic disturbances are a hallmark of motor speech disorders, in which the motor control deficits interfere with the outward flow of speech and by extension speech understanding. As the functions of rhythm are language-specific, breakdowns in rhythm should have <i>language-specific</i> consequences for communication. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The goals of this paper are to (i) provide a review of the cognitive-linguistic role of rhythm in speech perception in a general sense and crosslinguistically; (ii) present new results of lexical segmentation challenges posed by different types of dysarthria in American English, and (iii) offer a framework for crosslinguistic considerations for speech rhythm disturbances in the diagnosis and treatment of communication disorders associated with motor speech disorders. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> This review presents theoretical and empirical reasons for considering speech rhythm as a critical component of communication deficits in motor speech disorders, and addresses the need for crosslinguistic research to explore language-universal versus language-specific aspects of motor speech disorders.