DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5546305
title: Data for "Directional asymmetry and direction-giving factors: lessons from flowers with complex symmetry"

description: These are the raw data associated with the following publication: Budečević, S., S. Manitašević Jovanović, A. Vuleta, B. Tucić, and C. P. Klingenberg. 2022. <strong>Directional asymmetry and direction-giving factors: lessons from flowers with complex symmetry</strong>. Evolution & Development: advance online.<br> https://doi.org/10.1111/ede.12402 <strong>Abstract: </strong>Directional asymmetry is a systematic difference between the left and right sides for structures with bilateral symmetry, or a systematic differentiation among repeated parts for complex symmetry. This study explores factors that produce directional asymmetry in the flower of <em>Iris pumila</em>, a structure with complex symmetry that makes it possible to investigate multiple such factors simultaneously. The shapes and sizes of three types of floral organs, the falls, standards, and style branches, were quantified using the methods of geometric morphometrics. For each flower, this study recorded the compass orientations of floral organs as well as their anatomical orientations relative to the two spathes subtending each flower. To characterize directional asymmetry at the whole-flower level, differences in the average sizes and shapes according to compass orientation and relative orientation were computed, and the left–right asymmetry was also evaluated for each individual organ. No size or shape differences within flowers were found in relation to anatomical position, which may relate to the terminal position of flowers in <em>Iris pumila</em>, so that there was no evidence of any adaxial–abaxial polarity (which is very prominent in many other taxa). There was clear directional asymmetry of shape in relation to compass orientation, presumably driven by a consistent environmental gradient such as solar irradiance. There was also clear directional asymmetry between left and right halves of every floral organ, most likely related to the arrangement of organs in the bud. These findings indicate that there are different factors acting to produce directional asymmetry at different levels. In conventional analyses, these effects would be impossible to disentangle from each other and would probably be included as part of fluctuating asymmetry. <strong>Data included</strong> This data set includes landmark data for the falls, standards, and style branches of flowers of <em>Iris pumila</em>, as well as information about the compass orientation of each flower part, the compass orientation of the outer spathe of the respective flower, and the orientation of the flower part relative to the outer spathe, as described in the paper. The plants and flowers considered in this study have been sequentially numbered specifically for this study, and the identifiers for the floral parts use this numbering system. The numbers are consistent between the different flower parts included in the study. Files included: <strong>fall_coord.txt</strong>: Landmark coordinates for the falls. The landmark coordinates are presented in the order X, Y, X, Y,… on a single line for each flower part. The first entry on each line is the identifier for the respective flower part. <strong>fall_orient.txt</strong>: Information on orientations for the falls. For each fall, this file includes the number of the plant, the number of the flower, the compass orientation of the flower part, the compass orientation of the outer spathe of the respective flower, and the orientation of the flower part relative to the outer spathe. The identifiers (first entry of each line) are the same as in the file fall_coord.txt and can be used for matching the information. <strong>standard_coord.txt</strong>: Landmark coordinates for the standards. The landmark coordinates are presented in the order X, Y, X, Y,… on a single line for each flower part. The first entry on each line is the identifier for the respective flower part. <strong>standard_orient.txt</strong>: Information on orientations for the standards. For each standard, this file includes the number of the plant, the number of the flower, the compass orientation of the flower part, the compass orientation of the outer spathe of the respective flower, and the orientation of the flower part relative to the outer spathe. The identifiers (first entry of each line) are the same as in the file standard_coord.txt and can be used for matching the information. <strong>style_coord.txt</strong>: Landmark coordinates for the style branches. The landmark coordinates are presented in the order X, Y, X, Y,… on a single line for each flower part. The first entry on each line is the identifier for the respective flower part. <strong>style_orient.txt</strong>: Information on orientations for the style branches. For each style branch, this file includes the number of the plant, the number of the flower, the compass orientation of the flower part, the compass orientation of the outer spathe of the respective flower, and the orientation of the flower part relative to the outer spathe. The identifiers (first entry of each line) are the same as in the file style_coord.txt and can be used for matching the information. For further information, please see the associated paper. For any use of this data set, cite the dataset itself as well as the associated paper.
description: This research was funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, grant number 451-03-68/2022-14/200007.
description: {"references": ["Bude\u010devi\u0107, S., S. Manita\u0161evi\u0107 Jovanovi\u0107, A. Vuleta, B. Tuci\u0107, and C. P. Klingenberg. 2022. Directional asymmetry and direction-giving factors: lessons from flowers with complex symmetry. Evolution & Development: in press."]}