cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n8274
title: Data from: Macrofouling communities and the degradation of plastic bags in the sea: an in situ experiment

description: The increasing amount of plastic littered into the sea may provide a new
 substratum for benthic organisms. These marine fouling communities on
 plastic have not received much scientific attention. We present, to our
 knowledge, the first comprehensive analysis of their macroscopic community
 composition, their primary production and the polymer degradation
 comparing conventional polyethylene (PE) and a biodegradable starch-based
 plastic blend in coastal benthic and pelagic habitats in the Mediterranean
 Sea. The biomass of the fouling layer increased significantly over time
 and all samples became heavy enough to sink to the seafloor. The fouling
 communities, consisting of 21 families, were distinct between habitats,
 but not between polymer types. Positive primary production was measured in
 the pelagic, but not in the benthic habitat, suggesting that large
 accumulations of floating plastic could pose a source of oxygen for local
 ecosystems, as well as a carbon sink. Contrary to PE, the biodegradable
 plastic showed a significant loss of tensile strength and disintegrated
 over time in both habitats. These results indicate that in the marine
 environment, biodegradable polymers may disintegrate at higher rates than
 conventional polymers. This should be considered for the development of
 new materials, environmental risk assessment and waste management
 strategies.
description: Fouling communities,
 primary production and polymer degradation dataTensile Properties, loss
 of surface area, optical density, net oxygen production,
 richness&shannon diversity on family level, abundances of identified
 organismsPauli_etal_2017_FoulingCommunities_Data_revised.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9m925
title: Data from: The length of adaptive walks is insensitive to starting fitness in Aspergillus nidulans

description: Adaptation involves the successive substitution of beneficial mutations by
 selection, a process known as an adaptive walk. Gradualist models of
 adaptation, which assume that all mutations are small relative to the
 distance to a fitness optimum, predict that adaptive walks should be
 longer when the founding genotype is less well adapted. More recent work
 modelling adaptation as a sequence of moves in phenotype or genotype space
 predicts, by contrast, much shorter adaptive walks irrespective of the
 fitness of the founding genotype. Here we provide what is, to the best of
 our knowledge, the first direct test of these alternative models,
 measuring the length of adaptive walks in evolving lineages of fungus that
 differ initially in fitness. Contrary to the gradualist view, we show that
 the length of adaptive walks in the fungus Aspergillus nidulans is
 insensitive to starting fitness and involves just two mutations on
 average. This arises because poorly adapted populations tend to fix
 mutations of larger average effect than those of better-adapted
 populations. Our results suggest that the length of adaptive walks may be
 independent of the fitness of the founding genotype and, moreover, that
 poorly adapted populations can quickly adapt to novel environments.
description: Fitness-measuresFitness measures used in maximum likelihood procedure.Evolution_10-0907.R2_Fitness-measures.csvWalk-lengthsEvolution_10-0907.R2_Walk-lengths.csvSelection-coefficientsEvolution_10-0907.R2_Selection-coefficients.csvML-analysisEvolution_10-0907.R2_ML-analysis.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sn62j
title: Data from: Investigating population differentiation in a major African agricultural pest: evidence from geometric morphometrics and connectivity suggests high invasion potential

description: The distribution, spatial pattern and population dynamics of a species can
 be influenced by differences in the environment across its range. Spatial
 variation in climatic conditions can cause local populations to undergo
 disruptive selection and ultimately result in local adaptation. However,
 local adaptation can be constrained by gene flow and may favour resident
 individuals over migrants—both are factors critical to the assessment of
 invasion potential. The Natal fruit fly (Ceratitis rosa) is a major
 agricultural pest in Africa with a history of island invasions, although
 its range is largely restricted to south east Africa. Across Africa, C.
 rosa is genetically structured into two clusters (R1 and R2), with these
 clusters occurring sympatrically in the north of South Africa. The spatial
 distribution of these genotypic clusters remains unexamined despite their
 importance for understanding the pest's invasion potential. Here, C.
 rosa, sampled from 22 South African locations, were genotyped at 11
 polymorphic microsatellite loci and assessed morphologically using
 geometric morphometric wing shape analyses to investigate patterns of
 population structure and determine connectedness of pest-occupied sites.
 Our results show little to no intraspecific (population) differentiation,
 high population connectivity, high effective population sizes and only one
 morphological type (R2) within South Africa. The absence of the R1
 morphotype at sites where it was previously found may be a consequence of
 differences in thermal niches of the two morphotypes. Overall, our results
 suggest high invasion potential of this species, that area-wide pest
 management should be undertaken on a country-wide scale, and that border
 control is critical to preventing further invasions.
description: Microsatellite
 data_Ceratitis rosaIndividual multilocus
 genotypes (11 microsatellite markers) for Ceratitis
 rosa.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pg4d9
title: Data from: Masking of an auditory behaviour reveals how male mosquitoes use distortion to detect females

description: The mating behaviour of many mosquito species is mediated essentially by
 sound: males follow and mate with a female mid-flight by detecting and
 tracking the whine of her flight-tones. The stereotypical rapid frequency
 modulation (RFM) male behaviour, initiated in response to the detection of
 the female's flight-tones, has provided a means of investigating
 these auditory mechanisms while males are free-flying. Mosquitoes hear
 with their antennae, which vibrate to near-field acoustic excitation. The
 antennae generate nonlinear vibrations (distortion products, DPs) at
 frequencies that are equal to the difference between the two
 simultaneously presented tones, e.g. the male and female flight-tones,
 which are detected by mechanoreceptors in the auditory Johnston's
 organ (JO) at the base of the antenna. Recent studies indicated the male
 mosquito's JO is tuned not to the female flight-tone, but to the
 frequency difference between the male and female flight-tones. To test the
 hypothesis that mosquitoes detect this frequency difference, Culex
 quinquefasciatus males were presented simultaneously with a female
 flight-tone and a masking tone, which should suppress the male's RFM
 response to sound. The free-flight behavioural and in vivo
 electrophysiological experiments revealed that acoustic masking suppresses
 the RFM response to the female's flight-tones by attenuating the DPs
 generated in the nonlinear vibration of the antennae. These findings
 provide direct evidence in support of the hypothesis that male mosquitoes
 detect females when both are in flight through difference tones generated
 in the vibrations of their antennae owing to the interaction between their
 own flight-tones and those of a female.
description: Data set - Acoustic
 masking male mosquitoes
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p9b0n
title: Data from: Linking isotopes and panmixia: high within-colony variation in feather δ2H, δ13C, and δ15N across the range of the American white pelican

description: Complete panmixia across the entire range of a species is a relatively
 rare phenomenon; however, this pattern may be found in species that have
 limited philopatry and frequent dispersal. American white pelicans
 (Pelecanus erythrorhyncos) provide a unique opportunity to examine the
 role of long-distance dispersal in facilitating gene flow in a species
 recently reported as panmictic across its broad breeding range. This
 species is also undergoing a range expansion, with new colonies arising
 hundreds of kilometers outside previous range boundaries. In this study,
 we use a multiple stable isotope (δ2H, δ13C, δ15N) approach to examine
 feather isotopic structuring at 19 pelican colonies across North America,
 with the goal of establishing an isotopic basemap that could be used for
 assigning individuals at newly established breeding sites to source
 colonies. Within-colony isotopic variation was extremely high, exceeding
 100‰ in δ2H within some colonies (with relatively high variation also
 observed for δ13C and δ15N). The high degree of within-site variation
 greatly limited the utility of assignment-based approaches (42%
 cross-validation success rate; range: 0–90% success). Furthermore,
 clustering algorithms identified four likely isotopic clusters; however,
 those clusters were generally unrelated to geographic location. Taken
 together, the high degree of within-site isotopic variation and lack of
 geographically-defined isotopic clusters preclude the establishment of an
 isotopic basemap for American white pelicans, but may indicate that a high
 incidence of long-distance dispersal is facilitating gene flow, leading to
 genetic panmixia.
description: Pelican feather isotope
 dataStable isotope data
 (C,N,H) from feathers collected at 19 pelican colonies across North
 America.Pelican
 data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t850b
title: Data from: The cost of copy number in a selfish genetic element: the 2µM plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

description: Many autonomously replicating genetic elements exist as multiple copies
 within the cell. The copy number of these elements is often assumed to
 have important fitness consequences for both element and host, yet the
 forces shaping its evolution are not well understood. The 2µm is a
 multi-copy plasmid of Saccharomyces yeasts, encoding just four genes that
 are solely involved in plasmid replication. One simple model for the
 fitness relationship between yeasts and 2µm is that plasmid copy number
 evolves as a tradeoff between selection for increased vertical
 transmission, favoring high copy number, and selection for decreased
 virulence, favoring low copy number. To test this model, we experimentally
 manipulated the copy number of the plasmid and directly measured the
 fitness cost, in terms of growth rate reduction, associated with high
 plasmid copy number. We find that the fitness burden imposed by the 2µm
 increases with plasmid copy number, such that each copy imposes a fitness
 burden of 0.17% (±0.008%), greatly exceeding the cost expected for it to
 be stably maintained in yeast populations. Our results demonstrate the
 crucial importance of copy number in the evolution of yeast/2µm
 associations, and pave the way for future studies examining how selection
 can shape the cost of multi-copy elements.
description: Copy number
 dataCopy number
 dataGrowth rate
 dataGrowth rate
 data
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p14jc
title: Data from: Plant defenses against ants provide a pathway to social parasitism in butterflies

description: Understanding the chemical cues and gene expressions that mediate
 herbivore–host-plant and parasite–host interactions can elucidate the
 ecological costs and benefits accruing to different partners in tight-knit
 community modules, and may reveal unexpected complexities. We investigated
 the exploitation of sequential hosts by the phytophagous–predaceous
 butterfly Maculinea arion, whose larvae initially feed on Origanum vulgare
 flowerheads before switching to parasitize Myrmica ant colonies for their
 main period of growth. Gravid female butterflies were attracted to
 Origanum plants that emitted high levels of the monoterpenoid volatile
 carvacrol, a condition that occurred when ants disturbed their roots: we
 also found that Origanum expressed four genes involved in monoterpene
 formation when ants were present, accompanied by a significant induction
 of jasmonates. When exposed to carvacrol, Myrmica workers upregulated five
 genes whose products bind and detoxify this biocide, and their colonies
 were more tolerant of it than other common ant genera, consistent with an
 observed ability to occupy the competitor-free spaces surrounding
 Origanum. A cost is potential colony destruction by Ma. arion, which in
 turn may benefit infested Origanum plants by relieving their roots of
 further damage. Our results suggest a new pathway, whereby social
 parasites can detect successive resources by employing plant volatiles to
 simultaneously select their initial plant food and a suitable sequential
 host.
description: DATASET_Patricelli_Barbero et alRaw data of bioassays, chemical analyses, gene expression and other experiments described in the ms: "Plant defenses against ants provide a pathway to social parasitism in butterflies"DATESET_Patricelli_Barbero et al.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0gs71
title: Data from: Woody plant biomass and carbon exchange depend on elephant-fire interactions across a productivity gradient in African savanna

description: Elephants and fire are individually well-known disturbance agents within
 savanna ecosystems, but their interactive role in governing tree-cover
 dynamics and savanna–forest biome boundaries remains unresolved. Of
 central importance are the mechanisms by which elephants vs. fire affect
 tree biomass and cover, and how – over long time periods – both factors
 interact with rainfall and soils to govern tree biomass and carbon
 dynamics. Here, we evaluated the response of woody vegetation to 56 years
 of fire manipulation in South Africa's Kruger National Park, with
 three fire regimes (annual, triennial and unburned) replicated across a
 productivity gradient and subject to two periods of contrasting elephant
 abundances (generated by the cessation of culling in 1994). Higher fire
 frequencies had a negative effect on woody biomass in the low-elephant
 period, but this effect was weak to negligible in the high-elephant period
 as the difference among fire treatments diminished. Moreover, elephants
 removed increasing amounts of woody biomass as productivity increased
 across study sites, but fire did not. We infer that elephant-induced tree
 mortality could overcome increases in woody-plant productivity, while
 fire-induced mortality alone could not. Elephants caused woody-plant
 carbon to shift from a sink to a source; this effect was independent of
 fire treatment, with highest rates of net carbon removal in the wettest
 and most productive site. Synthesis. Our results reveal a
 context-dependent interaction between fire and elephants as disturbance
 agents in savanna: the influence of fire on woody plants was sensitive to
 the abundance of elephants and diminished with increased plant
 productivity. In contrast, elephants were capable of shifting landscapes
 from relatively dense woodland to open savanna, even in unburned sites,
 and exerted strong impacts irrespective of site conditions and plant
 productivity.
description: ElephantPopulationCount data for elephant populations.Size StructureDistribution of species and their sizes used to calculate changes in abundance of large treesSizeStructure.xlsxWoody BiomassWoody biomass data across the plots used to calculate all plot-level woody biomass results.WoodyBiomass.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nh7f4
title: Data from: Sensitivity and specificity of point-of-care rapid combination syphilis-HIV-HCV tests

description: Background: New rapid point-of-care (POC) tests are being developed that
 would offer the opportunity to increase screening and treatment of several
 infections, including syphilis. This study evaluated three of these new
 rapid POC tests at a site in Southern California. Methods: Participants
 were recruited from a testing center in Long Beach, California. A whole
 blood specimen was used to evaluate the performance of the Dual Path
 Platform (DPP) Syphilis Screen & Confirm, DPP HIV-Syphilis, and
 DPP HIV-HCV-Syphilis rapid tests. The gold-standard comparisons were
 Treponema pallidum passive particle agglutination (TPPA), rapid plasma
 reagin (RPR), HCV enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and HIV-1/2 EIA. Results: A
 total of 948 whole blood specimens were analyzed in this study. The
 sensitivity of the HIV tests ranged from 95.7–100% and the specificity was
 99.7–100%. The sensitivity and specificity of the HCV test were 91.8% and
 99.3%, respectively. The treponemal-test sensitivity when compared to TPPA
 ranged from 44.0–52.7% and specificity was 98.7–99.6%. The non-treponemal
 test sensitivity and specificity when compared to RPR was 47.8% and 98.9%,
 respectively. The sensitivity of the Screen & Confirm test
 improved to 90.0% when cases who were both treponemal and nontreponemal
 positive were compared to TPPA+/RPR ≥1:8. Conclusions: The HIV and HCV on
 the multi-infection tests showed good performance, but the treponemal and
 nontreponemal tests had low sensitivity. These results could be due to a
 low prevalence of active syphilis in the sample population because the
 sensitivity improved when the gold standard was limited to those more
 likely to be active cases. Further evaluation of the new syphilis POC
 tests is required before implementation into testing programs.
description: PLOSsyphThis is an ASCII file that is space delimited that was created in SAS. It has the variables that were used in the published paper. The readme.sas file is a .sas file that reads the data. You will need to change the infile statement to reflect the path to where you put the data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.08k8j
title: Data from: Drought, post-dispersal seed predation and the establishment of epiphytic bromeliads (Tillandsia spp.)

description: Post-dispersal predation in epiphytes is poorly documented. In the course
 of a study on in situ germination of two Tillandsia species in a deciduous
 forest in Yucatan, Mexico, post-dispersal seed predation rates by the
 Yucatan deer mouse (Peromyscus yucatanicus) averaged 90%. Post-dispersal
 predation was thus more limiting than drought.
description: In situ germination
 database1) It includes the
 record of the in situ germination of two Tillandsia species, the times in
 which the seeds were depredated are recorded for July and October. 2) It
 shows the record of the photographs obtained by the photo-trap cameras in
 the months of October and November. The time each time the local fauna
 appeared was recorded, especially that the Tillandsia seed predator,
 Yucatan deer mouse, in order to estimate the time it takes to remove the
 seeds, as well as the days of visiting the tree.In situ germination and
 foto-trap camera database.xlsx
DOI: 10.15468/dl.awr4kp
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 25 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Trompettia cardenasiana",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 25 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001012-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gp4h2
title: Data from: Serological evidence of lyssaviruses among bats on southwestern Indian Ocean islands

description: We provide serological evidence of lyssavirus circulation among bats on
 southwestern Indian Ocean (SWIO) islands. A total of 572 bats belonging to
 22 species were collected on Anjouan, Mayotte, La Réunion, Mauritius, Mahé
 and Madagascar and screened by the Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test
 for the presence of neutralising antibodies against the two main rabies
 related lyssaviruses circulating on the African continent: Duvenhage
 lyssavirus (DUVV) and Lagos bat lyssavirus (LBV), representing phylogroups
 I and II, respectively. A total of 97 and 42 sera were able to neutralise
 DUVV and LBV, respectively. No serum neutralised both DUVV and LBV but
 most DUVV-seropositive bats (n = 32/220) also neutralised European bat
 lyssavirus 1 (EBLV-1) but not Rabies lyssavirus (RABV), the prototypic
 lyssavirus of phylogroup I. These results highlight that lyssaviruses
 belonging to phylogroups I and II circulate in regional bat populations
 and that the putative phylogroup I lyssavirus is antigenically closer to
 DUVV and EBLV-1 than to RABV. Variation between bat species, roost sites
 and bioclimatic regions were observed. All brain samples tested by RT-PCR
 specific for lyssavirus RNA were negative.
description: Mélade et al PLOS ONE
 2016 databaseNeutralizing antibody
 titers recorded for each bat serum sample testedMelade_etal_PLOSONE_2016_database.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h3bt7
title: Data from: Predator–vole interactions in northern Europe: the role of small mustelids revised

description: The cyclic population dynamics of vole and predator communities is a key
 phenomenon in northern ecosystems, and it appears to be influenced by
 climate change. Reports of collapsing rodent cycles have attributed the
 changes to warmer winters, which weaken the interaction between voles and
 their specialist subnivean predators. Using population data collected
 throughout Finland during 1986–2011, we analyse the spatio-temporal
 variation in the interactions between populations of voles and specialist,
 generalist and avian predators, and investigate by simulations the roles
 of the different predators in the vole cycle. We test the hypothesis that
 vole population cyclicity is dependent on predator–prey interactions
 during winter. Our results support the importance of the small mustelids
 for the vole cycle. However, weakening specialist predation during
 winters, or an increase in generalist predation, was not associated with
 the loss of cyclicity. Strengthening of delayed density dependence
 coincided with strengthening small mustelid influence on the summer
 population growth rates of voles. In conclusion, a strong impact of small
 mustelids during summers appears highly influential to vole population
 dynamics, and deteriorating winter conditions are not a viable explanation
 for collapsing small mammal population cycles.
description: Korpela et al PRSL 2014
 dataThe data contains vole
 trapping indices for each spring and autumn from multiple sites across
 Finland, abundance indices for small mustelids and generalist mammalian
 predators (data from Finnish wildlilfe triangle scheme, averaged for each
 vole trapping site), and avian predator abundance indices (data from the
 Finnish Bord Ringing Office, averaged for each vole trapping
 site).