cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3r85h
title: Data from: Changing the habitat: the evolution of inter-correlated traits to escape from predators

description: Burst escape speed is an effective and widely used behaviour for evading
 predators, with burst escape speed relying on several different
 morphological features. However, we know little about how behavioural and
 underlying morphological attributes change in concert as a response to
 changes in selective predation regime. We studied inter-correlated trait
 differentiation of body shape and burst-swim-mediating morphology in
 response to a habitat shift related reduction in burst escape speed using
 larvae of the dragonfly genus Leucorrhinia. Species in this genus
 underwent a well-known habitat shift from predatory fish lakes
 (fish-lakes) to predatory fish free lakes dominated by large predatory
 dragonflies (dragonfly-lakes) accompanied by relaxed selection on escape
 burst speed. Results revealed that species from fish-lakes that possess
 faster burst speed have evolved a suite of functionally inter-correlated
 traits, expressing a wider abdomen, a higher abdominal muscles mass and a
 larger branchial chamber compared to species from dragonfly-lakes. In
 contrast, populations within species did not show significant differences
 in muscle mass and branchial chamber size between lakes types in three of
 the species. High multi-collinearity among variables suggests that traits
 have evolved in concert rather than independently when Leucorrhinia
 shifted from fish lakes to dragonfly lakes. Thus, relaxed selection on
 burst escape speed in dragonfly-lake species resulted in a correlated
 reduction of abdominal muscles and a smaller branchial chamber, likely to
 save production and/or maintenance costs. Our results highlight the
 importance of studying integrated behavioural and morphological traits to
 fully understand the evolution of complex phenotypes.
description: Mikolajewski et al.
 JEB
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.53tr05j2
title: Data from: Herbivores modify selection on plant functional traits in a temperate rainforest understory

description: There is limited evidence regarding the adaptive value of plant functional
 traits in contrasting light environments. It has been suggested that
 changes in these traits in response to light availability can increase
 herbivore susceptibility. We tested the adaptive value of plant functional
 traits linked with carbon gain in contrasting light environments and also
 evaluated whether herbivores can modify selection on these traits in each
 light environment. In a temperate rainforest, we examined phenotypic
 selection on functional traits in seedlings of the pioneer tree
 Aristotelia chilensis growing in sun (canopy gap) and shade (forest
 understory) and subjected to either natural herbivory or herbivore
 exclusion. We found differential selection on functional traits depending
 on light environment. In sun, there was positive directional selection on
 photosynthetic rate and relative growth rate (RGR), indicating that
 selection favors competitive ability in a high-resource environment.
 Seedlings with high specific leaf area (SLA) and intermediate RGR were
 selected in shade, suggesting that light capture and conservative resource
 use are favored in the understory. Herbivores reduced the strength of
 positive directional selection acting on SLA in shade. We provide the
 first demonstration that natural herbivory rates can change the strength
 of selection on plant ecophysiological traits, that is, attributes whose
 main function is resource uptake. Research addressing the evolution of
 shade tolerance should incorporate the selective role of herbivores.
description: Aristotelia chilensis
 traits_selectionMorphological and
 physiological trait of Aristotelia chilensis seedlings under natural
 selection in south american temperate rain forest
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gb0q2
title: Data from: Ecological causes of decelerating diversification in carnivoran mammals

description: Clade diversification is a central topic in macroevolutionary studies.
 Recently, it has been shown that diversification rates appear to
 decelerate over time in many clades. What causes this deceleration remains
 unclear, but it has been proposed that competition for limited resources
 between sympatric, ecologically similar species slows diversification.
 Employing carnivoran mammals as a model system, we test this hypothesis
 using a comprehensive time-calibrated phylogeny. We also explore several
 conceptually related explanations including limited geographic area and
 limited rates of niche evolution. We find that diversification slowdowns
 are strong in carnivorans. Surprisingly, these slowdowns are independent
 of geographic range overlap between related species and are also decoupled
 from rates of niche evolution, suggesting that slowdowns are unrelated to
 competition and niche filling. When controlling for the effects of clade
 diversity, diversification slowdowns appear independent of geographic
 area. There is a significant effect of clade diversity on diversification
 slowdowns but simulations show that this relationship may arise as a
 statistical artifact (i.e., greater clade diversity increases the ability
 of the gamma statistic to refute constant diversification). Overall, our
 results emphasize the need to test hypotheses about the causes of
 diversification slowdowns with ecological data, rather than assuming
 ecological processes from phylogenies alone.
description: Carnivoran
 datasetData was derived from
 previously published range maps and phylogenies for carnivoran mammals.
 Detailed data description and relevant citations are included in the
 published paper.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.82gq2
title: Data from: Effects of elevation and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on plant defence compounds in subarctic tundra heath vegetation

description: 1. Plant chemical and structural defence compounds are well known to
 impact upon herbivory of fresh leaves and influence decomposition rates
 after leaf senescence. A number of theories predict that alleviating
 nutrient limitation and reducing other environmental stressors will result
 in decreased production of plant chemical defences. 2. In this study, we
 measured plant defence properties [total polyphenols (TP), condensed
 tannins (CT) and lignin concentrations, and protein complexation capacity
 (PCC)] in both fresh and senesced plant leaves in a fully factorial N and
 P fertilization experiment set-up at each of three elevations along an
 elevational gradient in Swedish subarctic tundra heath vegetation.
 Further, we performed a decomposition of variance analysis on
 community-weighted averages (CWAs) of plant defence properties to
 determine the relative contributions of interspecific and intraspecific
 variation to the total variation observed in response to elevation and
 nutrient addition. 3. We hypothesized that N fertilization would reduce
 plant defence properties and that this reduction would be greater at
 higher elevations, while the effects of P fertilization would have no
 effect at any elevation. 4. At the community level, N addition reduced CT
 and PCC in both fresh and senesced leaves and TP in senesced leaves, while
 P addition had few effects, broadly in line with our hypothesis. The
 effects of N addition frequently varied with elevation, but in contrast to
 our hypothesis, the said effects were strongest at the lowest elevations.
 The effects of N addition and the interactive effect of N with elevation
 were primarily driven by intraspecific, rather than interspecific,
 variation. 5. Our findings suggest that as temperatures warm and N
 availability increases due to global climate change, secondary metabolites
 in subarctic heath vegetation will decline particularly within species.
 Our results highlight the need to consider the effects of both nutrient
 availability and temperature, and their interaction, in driving subarctic
 plant defence.
description: Foliar defence/nutrient,
 soil abiotic, and vegetation community data from subarctic tundra heath
 fertilization experimentContains data from a
 fertilization experiment in subarctic heath vegetation from near Abisko,
 Sweden. Data are soil abiotic properties, vegetation pinpoint hits, and
 plant foliar defence compounds/foliar nutrients. All units and coding is
 contained within the file. For further information, please see the
 published manuscript.De Long phenols data
 DRYAD.xlsx
DOI: 10.25903/d0n6-ah06
title: Conceptualising a Signature Pedagogical Framework for Initial Teacher Education

description: <p>This qualitative dataset was collected in 2025 from consenting teacher educators at James Cook University (JCU) using two data collection methods: a Padlet and a shared Microsoft Word document.</p> <p>The Padlet data captures participants’ aspirations for their graduate teachers, including the attributes and dispositions they seek to develop. The shared Word document captures educators’ philosophies and approaches that inform and underpin their curriculum enactment in initial teacher education.</p> <p>The full methodology is available from the Related publications link below.</p> <p><strong>Software/equipment used to create/collect the data:</strong><br> Padlet<br> Shared Microsoft Word documents via OneDrive</p> <p><strong>Software/equipment used to manipulate/analyse the data:</strong><br> Manual inductive coding<br> NVivo</p>
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kn03t
title: Data from: Laboratory selection quickly erases historical differentiation

description: The roles of history, chance and selection have long been debated in
 evolutionary biology. Though uniform selection is expected to lead to
 convergent evolution between populations, contrasting histories and chance
 events might prevent them from attaining the same adaptive state,
 rendering evolution somewhat unpredictable. The predictability of
 evolution has been supported by several studies documenting repeatable
 adaptive radiations and convergence in both nature and laboratory.
 However, other studies suggest divergence among populations adapting to
 the same environment. Despite the relevance of this issue, empirical data
 is lacking for real-time adaptation of sexual populations with deeply
 divergent histories and ample standing genetic variation across
 fitness-related traits. Here we analyse the real-time evolutionary
 dynamics of Drosophila subobscura populations, previously differentiated
 along the European cline, when colonizing a new common environment. By
 analysing several life-history, physiological and morphological traits, we
 show that populations quickly converge to the same adaptive state through
 different evolutionary paths. In contrast with other studies, all analysed
 traits fully converged regardless of their association with fitness.
 Selection was able to erase the signature of history in highly
 differentiated populations after just a short number of generations,
 leading to consistent patterns of convergent evolution.
description: Fecundity, starvation
 resistance and size dataData from Fecundity,
 starvation resistance and body size assays performed on the three
 experimental populations and the controls (Ad - Adraga, Mo - Montpellier,
 Gro - Groningen, TA - Controls). Assays were performed at generations 6,
 11, 14, 18 and 22 of laboratory adaptation.LaboratoryErasesHistoricalDifferentiation_DRYAD.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9vq45n5s
title: Data from: QTL and quantitative genetic analysis of beak morphology reveals patterns of standing genetic variation in an Estrildid finch

description: The intra- and interspecific diversity of avian beak morphologies is one
 of the most compelling examples for the power of natural selection acting
 on a morphological trait. The development and diversification of the beak
 has also become a textbook example for evolutionary developmental biology,
 and variation in expression levels of several genes is known to causally
 affect beak shape. However, until now no genomic polymorphisms have been
 identified that are related to beak morphology in birds. QTL mapping does
 reveal the location of causal polymorphisms, albeit with poor spatial
 resolution. Here we estimate heritability and genetic correlations for
 beak length, depth and width and perform a QTL linkage analysis for these
 traits based on 1,404 informative single nucleotide polymorphisms
 genotyped in a four generation pedigree of 992 captive zebra finches
 (Taeniopygia guttata). Beak size, relative to body size, was sexually
 dimorphic (larger in males). Heritability estimates ranged from 0.47 for
 beak length to 0.74 for beak width. QTL mapping revealed four to five
 regions of significant or suggestive genome-wide linkage for each of the
 three beak dimensions (nine different regions in total). Eight out of
 eleven genes known to influence beak morphology are located in these nine
 peak regions. Five QTL do not cover known candidates demonstrating that
 yet unknown genes or regulatory elements may influence beak morphology in
 the zebra finch.
description: data_phenotypesThe table contains data on phenotypes of all individuals (IndID). Column 'sex' gives the sex of the bird (0=female, 1=male). Column 'alive' states whether the bird was measured as dead or alive (0=dead, 1=alive). 'F' gives the inbreeding coefficient. 'mat_env' and 'FBroodID' identify the mother and the brood of rearing. 'length', 'depth' and 'width' give the phenotypes for beak length, beak depth and beak width, respectively. Missing values are coded as '-999'.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v105s
title: Data from: Contrasting population genetic structure among freshwater-resident and anadromous lampreys: the role of demographic history, differential dispersal, and anthropogenic barriers to movement.

description: The tendency of many species to abandon migration remains a poorly
 understood aspect of evolutionary biology that may play an important role
 in promoting species radiation by both allopatric and sympatric
 mechanisms. Anadromy inherently offers an opportunity for the colonization
 of freshwater environments, and the shift from an anadromous to a wholly
 freshwater life history has occurred in many families of fishes.
 Freshwater-resident forms have arisen repeatedly among lampreys (within
 the Petromyzontidae and Mordaciidae), and there has been much debate as to
 whether anadromous lampreys, and their derived freshwater-resident
 analogues, constitute distinct species or are divergent ecotypes of
 polymorphic species. Samples of 543 European river lamprey Lampetra
 fluviatilis (mostly from anadromous populations) and freshwater European
 brook lamprey Lampetra planeri from across 18 sites, primarily in the
 British Isles, were investigated for 13 polymorphic microsatellite DNA
 loci, and 108 samples from six of these sites were sequenced for 829 bp of
 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We found contrasting patterns of population
 structure for mtDNA and microsatellite DNA markers, such that low
 diversity and little structure were seen for all populations for mtDNA
 (consistent with a recent founder expansion event), while fine-scale
 structuring was evident for nuclear markers. Strong differentiation for
 microsatellite DNA loci was seen among freshwater-resident L. planeri
 populations and between L. fluviatilis and L. planeri in most cases, but
 little structure was evident among anadromous L. fluviatilis populations.
 We conclude that postglacial colonization founded multiple
 freshwater-resident populations with strong habitat fidelity and limited
 dispersal tendencies that became highly differentiated, a pattern that was
 likely intensified by anthropogenic barriers.
description: Microsattellite
 genotypes for L.fluviatilis and L. planeriMicrosats fro
 dryad.xlsxAlignment of mtDNA
 sequences (ATPase subunit 6&8)Alignment of mtDNA
 sequences (ATPase subunit 6&8) including 16 haplotypes form both
 Lampetra planeri and Lampetra fluviatilisLf ATPase
 aln.nex
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f2b52
title: Data from: Closing a gap in tropical forest biomass estimation: taking crown mass variation into account in pantropical allometries

description: Accurately monitoring tropical forest carbon stocks is an outstanding
 challenge. Allometric models that consider tree diameter, height and wood
 density as predictors are currently used in most tropical forest carbon
 studies. In particular, a pantropical biomass model has been widely used
 for approximately a decade, and its most recent version will certainly
 constitute a reference in the coming years. However, this reference model
 shows a systematic bias for the largest trees. Because large trees are key
 drivers of forest carbon stocks and dynamics, understanding the origin and
 the consequences of this bias is of utmost concern. In this study, we
 compiled a unique tree mass dataset on 673 trees measured in five tropical
 countries (101 trees &gt; 100 cm in diameter) and an original dataset
 of 130 forest plots (1 ha) from central Africa to quantify the error of
 biomass allometric models at the individual and plot levels when
 explicitly accounting or not accounting for crown mass variations. We
 first showed that the proportion of crown to total tree aboveground
 biomass is highly variable among trees, ranging from 3 to 88 %. This
 proportion was constant on average for trees &lt; 10 Mg (mean of 34 %)
 but, above this threshold, increased sharply with tree mass and exceeded
 50 % on average for trees ≥ 45 Mg. This increase coincided with a
 progressive deviation between the pantropical biomass model estimations
 and actual tree mass. Accounting for a crown mass proxy in a newly
 developed model consistently removed the bias observed for large trees
 (&gt; 1 Mg) and reduced the range of plot-level error from −23–16 to
 0–10 %. The disproportionally higher allocation of large trees to crown
 mass may thus explain the bias observed recently in the reference
 pantropical model. This bias leads to far-from-negligible, but often
 overlooked, systematic errors at the plot level and may be easily
 corrected by accounting for a crown mass proxy for the largest trees in a
 stand, thus suggesting that the accuracy of forest carbon estimates can be
 significantly improved at a minimal cost.
description: Ploton et al. 2016 -
 Pantropical tree biomass database
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.20h4r
title: Data from: Causal reasoning in rats' behaviour systems

description: Conceiving of stimuli and responses as causes and effects, and assuming
 that rats acquire representational models of causal relations from
 Pavlovian procedures, previous work by Causal Model Theory proponents
 attempted to train rat subjects to represent Light as a cause of both Tone
 and food. By these assumptions, with formal help from Bayesian Networks,
 self-production of the Tone should reduce expectation of alternative
 causes, including Light, and their effects, including food. Reduced
 feeder-directed responding to the Tone when self-produced has been taken
 as evidence for a general causal reasoning capacity among rats involving
 mental maps of causal relations. Critics have rejoined that response
 competition can explain these effects. The present research replicates the
 key effect, but uses continuous and finer-grained measurement of a broader
 range of behaviours. Behaviours not recorded in previous studies
 contradict both prior explanations. Even results cited in support of these
 explanations, when measured in finer detail and continuously over longer
 periods, show patterns not expected by either view, but supportive of a
 specific-process approach with attention to motivational factors. Still,
 the abstract prediction from Bayesian Networks holds, providing a
 potentially complementary normative analysis. Behaviour systems theory
 provides firmer framing for such theories than representational-map
 alternatives.
description: BowersTimberlake-RSOS-171448-dataAll data reported in Bowers and Timberlake, RSOS-171448, as described therein. Page 1 contains the data from the quantitative tests, in 10-second bins; subsequent pages show the highlighted models along with the relevant data, in 2-second bins.BowersTimb-RSOS-171448-data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p66jt
title: Data from: The bright incubate at night: sexual dichromatism and adaptive incubation division in an open-nesting shorebird

description: Ornamentation of parents poses a high risk for offspring because it
 reduces cryptic nest defence. Over a century ago, Wallace proposed that
 sexual dichromatism enhances crypsis of open-nesting females although
 subsequent studies found that dichromatism per se is not necessarily
 adaptive. We tested whether reduced female ornamentation in a sexually
 dichromatic species reduces the risk of clutch depredation and leads to
 adaptive parental roles in the red-capped plover Charadrius ruficapillus,
 a species with biparental incubation. Males had significantly brighter and
 redder head coloration than females. During daytime, when visually
 foraging predators are active, colour-matched model males incurred a
 higher risk of clutch depredation than females, whereas at night there was
 no difference in depredation risk between sexes. In turn, red-capped
 plovers maintained a strongly diurnal/nocturnal division of parental care
 during incubation, with males attending the nest largely at night when
 visual predators were inactive and females incubating during the day. We
 found support for Wallace's conclusion that reduced female
 ornamentation provides a selective advantage when reproductive success is
 threatened by visually foraging predators. We conclude that predators may
 alter their prey's parental care patterns and therefore may affect
 parental cooperation during care.
description: Ekanayake et al._Grey
 Value DataThe data from the pixel
 analysis of head colours of male and female Red-capped
 Plovers.Ekanayake et
 al._Spectrometric DataThe data from the
 Spectrophotometer used on different body parts of male and female
 Red-capped Plovers.Ekanayake et
 al._Artificial Model DataThe data from the
 artificial model experiment to assess the egg depredation rate between
 male and female Red-capped Plovers during night and
 daytime.Ekanayake et
 al._Incubation Division DataThe data from the video
 monitoring of real Red-capped Plover nests to investigate the incubation
 division among sexes.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.c561m
title: Data from: Low heritability of nest construction in a wild bird

description: In birds and other taxa, nest construction varies considerably between and
 within populations. Such variation is hypothesized to have an adaptive
 (i.e. genetic) basis, but estimates of heritability in nest construction
 are largely lacking. Here, we demonstrate with data collected over 10
 years of 1010 nests built by blue tits in nest boxes that nest size
 (height of nest material) and nest composition (proportion of feathers in
 the nest) are repeatable but only weakly (12-13%) heritable female traits.
 These findings imply that nest construction may evolve but only if
 subjected to strong and consistent selection pressures.
description: NestConstructionDataData on blue tit nest size and proportion of feathers in nests 2008-2017 in SW FinlandNestConstructionPedPedigree of blue tits with IDs encountered in NestConstructionData. To be used for quantitative genetic analyses