DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12578531
title: Malicious Large Language Models Detection using Metadata Information

description: # Introduction# This is the replication package for the paper "Malicious Large Language Models Detection using Metadata Information".

## Task DefinitionGiven the information of LLM, the task is to identify whether it is a malicious LLM that may attack software systems.  We treat the task as binary classification (0/1), where 1 stands for malicious LLMs and 0 for malicious-free LLMs.

## The static of dataset### Data FormatBefore preprocessing dataset, each line in the uncompressed file represents multiple metadata of one large language model (LLM). One row is illustrated below.   - **idx:** the index of example   - **repo_id:** the id of LLM (e.g., microsoft/codebert-base)   - **tags:** the tags of LLM   - **pipeline_tag:** the pipeline_tag of LLM   - **downloads:** the number of downloads   - **created_time:** the created time of LLM   - **modelCard:** the text content of LLM   - **num_discussion:** the number of discussions   - **discussion:** the discussions of LLM   - **para_size:** the size of LLM   - **tensor_type:** the type of LLM   - **num_commit:** the number of commits   - **commit:** the commit of LLM

After preprocessing dataset, you can obtain three .csv files, i.e. train.csv, valid.csv, test.csv   - **idx:** the index of example.   - **repo_id:** the id of LLM (e.g., microsoft/codebert-base).   - **tags:** the tags of LLM.   - **pipeline_tags:** the pipeline_tag of LLM.   - **created_time:** the created time of LLM.   - **model_size:** the size of LLM.   - **Tensor_type:** the type of LLM.   - **is_model_card:** Whether to include model card. If the model has model card, the value is 1, otherwise, the value is 0.   - **malicious_model_card:** Whether to include keywords describing the malicious model in model card. If the model card has malicious keywords, the value is 1, otherwise, the value is 0   - **repository_link:** Whether to include repository link: GitHub link, Arxiv link, homepage link, bugs link and issues link in model card. If the model card has link, the value is 1, otherwise, the value is 0.   - **dataset_info:** Whether to include the adopted dataset information in model card. If the model card has dataset information, the value is 1, otherwise, the value is 0.   - **metrics_info:** Whether to include the evaluated metrics information in model card. If the model card has evaluation metrics information, the value is 1, otherwise, the value is 0.   ?- **script_info:** Whether to include script information. If the model has script information, the value is 1, otherwise, the value is 0.   - **config_content:** The content of the configuration script file. This value is string type.   - **stakeholder_name:** The name of authors, contributors, and maintainers. This value is string type.   - **number_discussion:** The number of discussion.    - **num_pr:** The number of pull request.   - **malicious_discussion:** Whether the discussion contains malicious behavior keywords. If the discussion has malicious behavior keywords, the value is 1, otherwise, the value is 0.   - **number_commit:** The number of commit.   - **malicious_commit:** Whether the title and message of commits contain malicious behavior keywords. If the commit has malicious behavior keywords, the value is 1, otherwise, the value is 0.   - **z_download:** The z-score of number of download.   - **z_like:** The z-score of number of likes.

### Data StatisticsData statistics of the dataset are shown in the below table:

|      #File Names    |         #Examples          || ------------------- | :------------------------: || dataset_feature.csv |  578,502 (560,257/18,245)  | | train_imbalance.csv |  462,801 (448205/14596)    || valid_imbalance.csv |  57,849  (56025/1824)      || test_imbalance.csv  |  57,852  (56027/1825)      || train_balance.csv   |  29192 (14596/14596)       || valid_balance.csv   |  3648 (1824/1824)          || test_balance.csv    |  3650 (1825/1825)          || train_imbalance_50.csv | 289252 (280129/9123)    || train_imbalance_60.csv | 347101 (336154/10947)   || train_imbalance_70.csv | 404952 (392180/12772)   |

29646 models contain github linkall_dataset.csv  596383all_dataset_information.csv 589140 (safe_dataset.csv(570549), unsafe_dataset.csv(18591))safe_dataset_information.csv (559582), unsafe_dataset_information.csv (18212)

Description Feature: 'malicious_model_card', 'repository_link', 'dataset_info', 'metrics_info', 'config_conteng'Stakeholder Feature: 'stakeholder_name'Event Feature: 'num_pr', 'number_commit', 'malicious_commit',Context Feature: 'z_download', 'z_like'

## Pipeline-MPTMHunterWe also provide a pipeline that fine-tunes [MPTMHunter](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12578531) on this task.

### Experimental environment configuration```bashhuggingface_hub           0.23.1libxgboost                2.0.3lightgbm                  4.3.0networkx                  3.2.1nltk                      3.8.1numpy                     1.26.3openssl                   3.0.13pandas                    2.2.1pillow                    10.2.0scikit-learn              1.4.2scipy                     1.13.0torch                     2.3.0+cu118torchaudio                2.3.0+cu118torchvision               0.18.0+cu118tqdm                      4.66.2transformers              4.37.2xgboost                   2.0.3```

### Dataset Collection Script```bashpython ./script/DataExtraction.ipynbpython ./script/dataset_spider.pypython ./script/config_crawl.py```

### Dataset Preprocess Script```bashpython feature_generation.py --input_file='../dataset/dataset_information.csv' --output_file='../dataset/dataset_feature.csv'

python feature_generation.py --input_file='../dataset/real_world_dataset_information_0701.csv' --output_file='../dataset/real_world_dataset_feature_0701.csv'```

### Model Training Script```bashpython run_codet5_lstm.py --output_dir='../saved_models/codet5_lstm_imbalance_final' --model_type=codet5 --tokenizer_name='../models/codet5' --model_name_or_path='../models/codet5' --do_train --train_data_file='../dataset/train_imbalance_70.csv' --eval_data_file='../dataset/valid_imbalance_70.csv' --test_data_file='../dataset/test_imbalance.csv' --epoch=3 --block_size=510 --train_batch_size=64 --eval_batch_size=64 --learning_rate=2e-5 --max_grad_norm=1.0 --evaluate_during_training --seed=123456```

### Model Inference Script```bashpython run_codet5_lstm.py --output_dir='../saved_models/codet5_lstm_imbalance' --model_type=codet5 --tokenizer_name='../models/codet5' --model_name_or_path='../models/codet5' --do_eval --do_test --train_data_file='../dataset/train_imbalance_70.csv' --eval_data_file='../dataset/valid_imbalance_70.csv' --test_data_file='../dataset/test_imbalance.csv' --epoch=3 --block_size=510 --train_batch_size=64 --eval_batch_size=64 --learning_rate=2e-5 --max_grad_norm=1.0 --evaluate_during_training --seed=123456```

### Evaluation Script```bashpython ../evaluation/evaluation.py -a ../dataset/test_balance.csv -p ../saved_models/codebert_imbalance_all/predictions.txtpython ../evaluation/evaluation.py -a ../dataset/test_imbalance.csv -p ../dataset/predictions.txt```

## ResultThe results on the test set are shown as below (We use the OpenTextClassification as the baseline):

|     Methods   |    ACC    |  Precision  |    Recall   |   F1-Score   || Random Forest |  97.18%   |   83.80%    |    13.04%   |    22.57%    || LR            |  96.80%   |   43.46%    |    4.55%    |    8.23%     || LightGBM      |  97.62%   |   95.18%    |    25.97%   |    40.81%    || TextRNN       |  96.86%   |   73.33%    |    0.60%    |    1.20%     || TextCNN       |  98.89%   |   95.61%    |    68.00%   |    79.47%    || TextRCNN      |  98.87%   |   95.36%    |    67.62%   |    79.13%    || TextRNN_Att   |  98.94%   |   95.29%    |    69.86%   |    80.62%    || MPTMHunter    | ** 99.99% ** |  ** 99.95% **  |  ** 99.78% **  |  ** 99.86% **  |