cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0051
title: Supermarket environment, thermal comfort, energy and food quality efficiency.

description: In a supermarket setting, customers likely feel the chilled air from refrigerated units displaying their contents to passing customers. Supermarkets, by their nature, contain a diverse range of perishable goods stored in different designed units within one large building, whose distinct storage temperatures result in the unusual thermal environment that customers encounter when shopping. Unfortunately, this open environment results in huge amounts of wasted cold air from display units , the reduction of thermal comfort for customers, and a reduction in the quality of the food. A possible solution to improve comfort for customers, reduce cold air waste, help preserve foods, and save money for retailers includes innovative doors for open display cabinets. Such doors will save money for the retailer by lowering the costs for energy in supermarkets. Doors should, therefore, be viewed as an option and solution for not only the merchandiser, but also for the customer.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0052
title: Simulation and application of 5mm tube condenser in display cabinet.

description: Applying the small diameter copper tubes to replace the traditional 9.52 mm copper tubes in display cabinets will reduce the size and cost of heat exchangers due to higher heat transfer coefficient in refrigerant side, lower copper consumption and less refrigerant charge. This paper present an application to use 5 mm diameter tubes to replace the 9.52 mm tubes for a display cabinet. In this paper, the best fin structure of 5 mm tube is obtained by the theoretical analysis, and the flow path of 5 mm diameter tube heat exchanger is optimized by the heat exchanger simulation tool to compromise the heat transfer and pressure drop. The simulation results shows that the cost of condenser using 5 mm diameter tube reduces 26% while the performance is the same as that of 9.52 mm prototype. The experimental data validates the simulation results and proves the feasibility of applying the small diameters tubes in display cabinet.
DOI: 10.5255/ukda-sn-852200
title: Citizen contribution to local public services - Part 4
DOI: 10.14457/kmutt.the.2013.35
title: Estimation of emissions from biomass open burning in Thailand using MODIS-MCD45A1 product
DOI: 10.14457/kmutt.the.2014.13
title: Synthesis of TiO2 nanowire arrays and their applications for organic solar cells
DOI: 10.14457/kmutt.the.2014.14
title: Energy assessment of steel wheel manufacturing in Thailand
DOI: 10.14457/mu.the.2012.164
title: From needs to rights : the transition towards rights based humanitanism and empowerment in the burmese refugee camps in thailand
DOI: 10.14457/mu.the.2013.224
title: Exploring thai and german customers' meal experiences at german restaurants in pattay - thailand.
DOI: 10.14457/mu.the.2013.225
title: Consumer decision-making styles of indian tourist shopping at chatuchak weekend market in bangkok -thailand
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0045
title: Thermodynamic analysis of CO2 trans-critical booster system for supermarket refrigeration in warm climatic conditions.

description: This article presents a thermodynamic analysis of a hypothetical trans-critical CO2 refrigeration system with enhanced booster and parallel compression for supermarket application in warm climatic conditions (35-50°C). The proposed system simultaneously incorporates two medium temperature and three low temperature loads for five different cooling demands typically found in supermarket application. These are HVAC load at 5°C, storage of dairy products at 0°C, frozen ice cream, vegetable and animal products at -10°C, -20°C and -30°C respectively. Some of the major parameters affecting performance like gas cooler operating pressure, inter-mediate vessel pressure, mass flow rate and gas cooler inlet temperature are investigated to reveal the practicality of the proposed system. The simulation results show that the new cycle configuration have distinct advantage over a few other modified cycles proposed from time to time for supermarket refrigeration in warm climatic conditions. A few potential improvement strategies of COP are also discussed.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0044
title: Supermarket refrigeration and air conditioning systems integration via a water storage.

description: One of the most challenging targets for the commercial refrigeration sector nowadays is spreading the use of pure CO2 systems in mild climate countries. In recent years several solutions have been proposed in order to improve the performance of CO2 transcritical cycles. Among these improvements, the reduction of the discharge pressure by means of subcooling the refrigerant at the exit of the gas cooler is very interesting when a cold storage is available, or when the rejected heat may be recovered for other thermal systems in the supermarket. In this paper the exploitation of a large fire prevention tank as a condenser/subcooler for a
supermarket CO2 booster refrigeration system and as a heat source for a heat pump for the HVAC system is investigated. The whole system is modelled in the Trnsys environment and the effects of the thermal capacity on the energy efficiency are compared with the case of the two systems running separately. The energy savings range from about 3% to more than 5% at two different locations in Northern Italy.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0043
title: An experimental investigation of refrigerant R449A as replacement for R404A in supermarket refrigeration systems.

description: In a global effort to mitigate global warming refrigerants with a high Global Warming Potential (GWP) will be banned in certain applications. The current European legislation prohibits a refrigerant R404A, which is commonly used in retail food refrigeration systems, from placing on the European market from the 1st of January 2020. Similarly, R404A will be soon unacceptable in retrofit and new supermarket systems in the USA.
A refrigerant R449A is a potential replacement for R404A but with the GWP that is significantly lower than R404A’s. In this study experimental investigations are conducted during the conversion of a supermarket refrigeration system from R404A to R449A. The performance data is presented and environmental benefits of the conversion are discussed.
DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1lv14m
title: CCDC 1484780: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

description: Related Article: Naveed Alam, Muhammad Ali Ehsan, Muzammil Hussain, Muhammad Mazhar, |2016|CSD Communication|||
description: An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
DOI: 10.17636/01012731
title: Hodgson, Shirley: transcript of an audio interview (04-Nov-2015)
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0042
title: Carbon reduction opportunities for supermarkets.

description: Refrigeration is the largest load in a supermarket, accounting for 50-60% of the electricity consumption. Supermarket refrigeration systems also generate greenhouse gas emissions directly through refrigerant leakage. Technologies that can save direct and indirect emissions in a typical baseline UK supermarket were examined and the application timescales and cost per tonne of CO2 abated were calculated using a model of the supermarket. Using the model, the technologies that could save the most carbon were identified. The work examined 81 different technologies and their potential to save direct and indirect emissions in supermarkets. Results from the work have shown that most technologies either save CO2e emissions from reduction in energy or from reduction in refrigerant leakage only a few technologies demonstrated savings from both.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0035
title: An update on refrigeration piping design in New Zealand.

description: New Zealand’s seismic environment makes the design and implementation of refrigeration systems challenging. This paper identifies a methodology to address this challenge and describes the key tasks and roles for each of the client, building designer, refrigeration system designer, refrigeration equipment and piping designer, pressure equipment design verifier, installation contractor, and equipment and piping inspector. The proposed method includes the adoption of the ISO Standards 817 and 5149 in lieu of AS/NZS1677 (Refrigeration Safety), the development of an IPENZ Practice Note on Refrigeration Piping Design, and revision of the Pressure Regulations and Code of Practice for Pressure Equipment by Worksafe NZ.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0037
title: Low charge ammonia refrigeration systems for refrigerated warehouses.

description: The paper summarizes the design, installation and operating experiences associated with five new low refrigerant charge, dual stage NH3 dry expansion systems servicing refrigerated warehouses in various Australian locations. The plants employ a variety of different evaporator and liquid distributor types, two different refrigerant injection control methodologies, two different piping materials, two different oil separation/return methods, varying levels of internal evaporator surface enhancements and demand defrost. The plants vary in capacity from around 40 kW to 180 kW freezer capacities and 60 kW to 250 kW medium temperature capacities. Ammonia charges range from 280 to 500 kg. The references to operating experiences will include topics such as:
- Comparisons between superheat and quality controlled NH3 injection (SH/X control)
- Practical comparisons between evaporators fitted with smooth and internally enhanced tubes
- Oil management and automatic oil return
- Defrost management and control
- Recorded energy consumption in kWh/m³*a
- Refrigerant charge reduction compared with conventional liquid overfeed systems
- Capital cost comparison compared with equivalent HFC based systems
- Capital cost comparisons with conventional liquid overfeed systems
Bench marking of the energy performances of the NH3 DX systems discussed herein against the best practice values published by the California Energy Commission 2008 indicate energy savings of around 40-50%.
DOI: 10.14457/su.res.2015.1
title: การศึกษาปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องกับโรคขี้ขาวในฟาร์มเลี้ยงกุ้งขาวแวนนาไมในพื้นที่จังหวัดเพชรบุรีและประจวบคีรีขันธ์
DOI: 10.14457/su.res.2015.2
title: การลดค่าชีวปริมาณออกฤทธิ์ของตะกั่วในดินด้วยวิธีการปรับเสถียรในพื้นที่ กรณีศึกษา: ตำบลชะแล อำเภอทองผาภูมิ จังหวัดกาญจนบุรี
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0036
title: Power regeneration upgrading of vapour compression refrigeration plants.

description: Vapour Compression Refrigeration Plant Power Regeneration Technique is presented for the purpose of upgrading already existing plants, each characterized by Main Compressor, Evaporator, Condenser and Cool Power.
The Power Regeneration Concept is discussed and its application into a given experimental Refrigeration Plant leading to upgraded performance is illustrated taking two types of Compressors into consideration.
Changes in performance and internal variables are deeply analysed for various arrangement options.
DOI: 10.14457/sut.res.2015.1
title: การพัฒนาเครือข่ายเซนเซอร์สาหรับระบบชลประทานอัตโนมัติ
DOI: 10.14457/sut.res.2015.2
title: การวิเคราะห์ความเป็นไปได้ในการปรับปรุงประสิทธิภาพการใช้ พลังงานความร้อนในเครื่องพ่นฝอยระดับอุตสาหกรรม
DOI: 10.14457/sut.res.2015.3
title: การออกแบบฉลากวันหมดอายุของอาหารสำหรับผู้สูงอายุ โดยใช้หลักวิศวกรรมปัจจัยมนุษย์
DOI: 10.14457/sut.res.2015.4
title: การพัฒนาศักยภาพการตลาดบริการของโฮมสเตย์ ที่ได้รับรองมาตรฐานในจังหวัดนครราชสีมา
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0005
title: Performance improvements of R744 glass door merchandiser using low-cost two-phase ejector.

description: Glass door merchandisers are used in grocery and convenience stores to display chilled beverages or refrigerated foods. Among other possible choices for this application, carbon dioxide (R744, CO2) is seen as a promising low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerant alternative that is non-flammable and non-toxic. Earlier studies demonstrated that it is possible to design high-performance transcritical R744 glass door merchandiser systems that deliver cooling capacities and energy efficiencies that are comparable to results obtained with an R134a baseline system. In this present study, the performance of the R744 refrigeration system has been further improved by implementing a very small-scale ejector, a device that uses the expansion of a high-pressure fluid to provide a pumping effect to a low pressure fluid. A low-cost design has been devised and implemented. Performance of the improved system is compared against the baseline without ejector in terms of energy consumption and production pull-down times.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0027
title: Ageing of refrigerated truck insulation.

description: The insulation of refrigerated trucks is characterized by a coefficient of global insulation, also called K coefficient. The K value is determined according to ATP protocol (International Agreement for the Transport of Perishables Goods of the United Nations). The insulation is decreasing during the lifetime of the equipment and the K value is increasing. This ageing depends on several criteria such as the level of maintenance by the owner, the temperature of the transported product, the average load carried, and the number of kilometers per year. It also depends on the construction technique, the options, the manufacturer and the insulation material. For decades ageing coefficients were used to estimate the evolution of the performances of the equipment. In order to keep the insulation under the legal limits of 0.4 or 0.7 W/K.m2 the insulation of new bodies was quite high. With the changes of insulation materials and blowing agent in the early 2000’s and the progress in construction techniques, the ageing coefficients were no longer valid and were abandoned. Without any historical data it was impossible to calculate or even estimate the ageing coefficients of new materials or construction.
Cemafroid is testing hundreds of insulated bodies per year for 12 or more years. For a few years the tested equipment are insulated with foams of the last generation HFC free. We have now enough data to make a statistical analysis of the insulation ageing through 12 years of operation. 110 tests of K values have been analyzed in detail for this study. Their K value after 12 years is compared to the one of the prototype of reference taking into account the manufacturer, the model of the equipment, the owner, the type of utilization. The ageing obtained will also be compared to the ageing equipment of the previous generations insulated with R141b or R11 blown foams.
This paper presents the data collection, their statistical analysis and the results on ageing of the insulation of the bodies constructed without HFC. The study will also compare this ageing to the ageing of previous generations of equipment.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0022
title: Development of phase change cold storage materials for refrigerated transportation of fruits and vegetables.

description: Research and development of organic phase change materials (PCMs) and inorganic-organic PCMS are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of PCMs are analyzed. The phase change cold storage composite material is developed. This composite material is composed of organic and inorganic matter. Its properties include melting point(-4.8℃) and phase change fusion latent heat are studied. The Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) is used to determine the properties. The results show that the material is of good thermal performance. It can be used in refrigerated transport for almost fruits and vegetables. The
amount of PCMs B-type needed is calculated for a 20 feet cold hold-over plate refrigerator car. Calculations indicate this kind of refrigerator car is suitable for not more than 36 hours transport for some pre-cooled fruits or vegetables. The paper points out that the performance characteristics, theoretical model of heat transfer, phase transition mechanism and composite technology should be focused on, and organic composite phase change cold storage material is an important developing direction in the future.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0038
title: Demand response in refrigerated warehouses and thermal energy storage.

description: 50% of the energy consumed in food cold chain is for chilling, freezing and storage steps. For cold storage facilities, refrigeration is the main source of energy consumption with an average of 50 kWh/m3/year. A possible strategy to reduce their energy consumption is to take advantage of the variation of performance of the refrigeration systems during a day due to external and internal temperature variations. Electricity cost can also widely change during a day, depending on the local production. This strategy can be based on additional storage capacities to delay the refrigeration running period, but also on the use of the thermal inertia provided by the storage warehouse itself and the products stored. Using coupled models of the building, products and refrigeration system, potential energy savings of additional thermal storage units in a frozen products warehouse are evaluated.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0040
title: An analytical model for predicting infiltration flow rate through doorways of cold store.

description: The number of cold stores is increasing rapidly in recent years, especially in China. Huge amount of energy is consumed by the refrigeration equipment of cold stores for its year round working. It is possible to optimize the design and operation processes to reduce the energy use by the accurate calculation of the heat load of the cold stores. The infiltration through doorways, which brings warm and moisture air into the refrigerated room, has great effect on the total heat load. Accurate prediction of it can help to calculate the heat load more precisely. This article establishes an analytical model for predicting the infiltration flow rate and validates this model against some experimental measurements from literatures. Other theoritical, empirical and analytical models are also compared with the proposed model. The results show that the proposed analytical model provides the closest comparison with the experimental measurements. The prediction error is less than +/-8% in most cases.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0021
title: Study on thermal properties of a novel PCM and heat transfer characteristics in refrigerated vehicles with cold-storage plates.

description: A novel inorganic phase change material (PCM) for use in refrigerated transport equipment is developed by using an experimental method. The advantages of using a PCM in this application are that it can maintain a stable cold-storage plate temperature in a refrigerated vehicle, meaning the system can consume less energy during peak electrical load periods. The material developed here is called HCW-3, and its thermal properties are studied by using the cooling curve method and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Experimental results show that the proposed PCM has a melting temperature of −18.8°C and a latent heat of 257.6 kJ•kg-1. The effect of a nucleating agent on the degree of super-cooling degree is investigated, as well as the effect of a thickening agent on phase separation. By modifying the material with these agents, the degree of super cooling in HCW-3 reduced 1.59°C. In addition, a 3-dimensional (3D) model is developed in ANSYS FLUENT to investigate the temperature distribution within a refrigerated vehicle. When the temperature distributions within the vehicle with and without cold-storage plates are compared, it is seen that cold-storage plates significantly improve performance. This indicates that the proposed HCW-3 PCM meets the requirements of refrigerated transport equipment.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0024
title: Cold storage, a flexibility and energy efficiency solution.

description: Energy needs for cold production are constantly increasing. In France, the annual electricity consumption within this sector exceeds 15 TWh. Energy storage has become an important way for increasing the flexibility of final energy use and production systems. In order to tackle the problem of cold storage adoption, a software tools has been developed to estimate financial and energy gains if a cool storage facility is installed within a facility (mainly for positive temperature warehouses). The purpose of this tool is to allow industrials to have an objective tool which compares several technologies, and to quickly evaluate the benefits of cold storage
solutions. The tool uses physical energy conservation laws applied to the cooling and storage systems, the electrical load profile of the industrial site, an estimated cold storage capacity, as well as the electricity tariff. Different scenarios of storage charge and discharge are simulated. Different study cases showed cool storage allows considerable energy savings, particularly in Agro-food industry and Supermarkets. Added to this, temperature drift in the stored products and the potential impact on stored product quality is also being investigated.
DOI: 10.14457/sut.res.2015.5
title: การประเมินคุณภาพชายหาดจังหวัดกระบี่ ตรัง และสตูล โดยใช้สัตว์หน้าดินขนาดใหญ่
DOI: 10.14457/sut.res.2015.6
title: การศึกษาปัญหาจราจรติดขัดบนทางหลวงสายหลักในช่วงเทศกาล
DOI: 10.14457/sut.res.2015.8
title: ผลกระทบของสภาวะความเค้นในแต่ละทิศทางที่ไม่เท่ากันต่อค่าความแข็ง และความยืดหยุ่นของเกลือหินชุดมหาสารคาม
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0023
title: The comparison of experiment results and CFD simulation in the heat pump system using thermobank and two phase ejector for heating room and cold storage.

description: In this paper, heat pump system has been developed by CFD simulation and experimental investigation. The two phase ejector is used in system which is increase in coefficient of performance (COP) and decrease in compressor displacement relative to a standard vapor compressor cycle. The thermobank stores the wasted heat of during refrigeration cycles and its energy is used for defrosting process and heating room. It also reduces defrosting time and condensation load so that the temperature regulation in the cold storage is stable. The COP increases about 38.57% with experiment and 42.7% with simulation when the thermobank and ejector are installed in heat pump system. In general, the simulated and experimental results of heat pump system using thermobank and ejector show good agreement. This heat pump system can be used to keep preservation of agricultural products in cold storage warehouse together with floor panel heating for room in winter.
DOI: 10.14457/ku.res.2014.5
title: การหุ้มอนุภาคซิลิกอนควอนตัมดอทโดยใช้อัลลิลเอมีน เพื่อสร้างพื้นผิวไฮโดรฟิลิก
DOI: 10.14457/ku.res.2015.2
title: คุณสมบัติทางกายภาพและทางเคมีของน้ำโคลนขุดเจาะผสมเถ้าลอยลิกไนต์
DOI: 10.14457/sut.res.2016.1
title: ลักษณะคละของโจทย์ปัญหาและความต่อเนื่องของการตัดวัสดุก่อสร้างเชิงเส้น
DOI: 10.14457/rmutp.res.2015.2
title: ปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อการตัดสินใจเลือกศึกษาต่อหลักสูตรภาษาอังกฤษด้านสื่อสารมวลชนของนักเรียนระดับมัธยมศึกษาตอนปลายในเขตกรุงเทพมหานคร