cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15468/dl.g2vfnx
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 10770409 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Parus major Linnaeus, 1758",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 {
 "not" : {
 "BasisOfRecord" : [
 "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 10770409 records from 6583 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0029925-240321170329656/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.rqghtg
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Linaria hellenica Turrill",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Observation)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Country is one of (Finland, Ireland, Sweden, Cyprus, Portugal, Netherlands, France, Bulgaria, Romania, Spain, Poland, Czechia, Malta, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Austria, Croatia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Belgium, Gibraltar, Lithuania, Greece, Luxembourg, Latvia, Estonia, Hungary)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032775-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.j9784k
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 9 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Metaphycus maculipennis (Timberlake, 1916))",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 9 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032773-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.qwskt8
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 33 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is one of (Ceramium obesum, Ceramium ornatum, Ceramium orthocladum Schiffn., 1926)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 33 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032774-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7wfqt6
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1360 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Mauremys rivulata (Valenciennes, 1833)",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Observation)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Country is one of (Finland, Ireland, Sweden, Cyprus, Portugal, Netherlands, France, Bulgaria, Romania, Spain, Poland, Czechia, Malta, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Austria, Croatia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Belgium, Gibraltar, Lithuania, Greece, Luxembourg, Latvia, Estonia, Hungary)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1360 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032776-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ny85b6
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 481 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is one of (Rhaphidophora korthalsii Schott)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 481 records from 47 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032777-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.usb799
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Myomimus roachi (Bate, 1937)",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Observation)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Country is one of (Finland, Ireland, Sweden, Cyprus, Portugal, Netherlands, France, Bulgaria, Romania, Spain, Poland, Czechia, Malta, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Austria, Croatia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Belgium, Gibraltar, Lithuania, Greece, Luxembourg, Latvia, Estonia, Hungary)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032779-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.yj6g4b
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1171 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Fiji",
 "Depth 1000.0-9999.0m"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1171 records from 31 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032780-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.wb9wqm
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 53 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is one of (Cercocarpus rotundifolius Rydb., Cercocarpus rzedowskii Henrickson, Cercocarpus treleasei C.K.Schneid.)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 53 records from 14 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032781-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7r763v
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 7 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Metaphycus swirskii Annecke & Mynhardt, 1979)",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 7 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032782-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.pdmuzx
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 629 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Vanuatu",
 "Depth is greater than or equal to 1000.0m"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 629 records from 16 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032785-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.2jgusq
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 6 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Barbus strumicae Karaman, 1955",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Observation)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Country is one of (Finland, Ireland, Sweden, Cyprus, Portugal, Netherlands, France, Bulgaria, Romania, Spain, Poland, Czechia, Malta, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Austria, Croatia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Belgium, Gibraltar, Lithuania, Greece, Luxembourg, Latvia, Estonia, Hungary)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 6 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032784-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.twyqzy
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 5 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Rhodeus meridionalis Karaman, 1924",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Observation)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Country is one of (Finland, Ireland, Sweden, Cyprus, Portugal, Netherlands, France, Bulgaria, Romania, Spain, Poland, Czechia, Malta, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Austria, Croatia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Belgium, Gibraltar, Lithuania, Greece, Luxembourg, Latvia, Estonia, Hungary)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 5 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032787-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ta9f9a
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 6237 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is one of (Rhaphiolepis indica (L.) Lindl.)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 6237 records from 152 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032786-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.2ybsyu
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 117 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is one of (Ceropegia rhychantha Schltr., Ceropegia rhynchantha Schltr., Ceropegia richardiana (Lavranos) Bruyns)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 117 records from 29 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032788-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.qccgke
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 5 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Metaphycus angustifrons Compere, 1957)",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 5 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032789-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xynq26
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Podarcis levendis Lymberakis, Poulakakis, Kaliontzopoulou, Valakos & Mylonas, 2008",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Observation)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Country is one of (Finland, Ireland, Sweden, Cyprus, Portugal, Netherlands, France, Bulgaria, Romania, Spain, Poland, Czechia, Malta, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Austria, Croatia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Belgium, Gibraltar, Lithuania, Greece, Luxembourg, Latvia, Estonia, Hungary)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032790-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.wm42et
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset listing the 2 species recorded in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((38.23115 43.0018,39.01538 43.0018,39.01538 43.52463,-2.15658 44.30885,-1.63376 27.05584,38.36186 26.92513,38.23115 43.0018))",
 "TaxonKey is Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824)"
 ]
}

 The dataset's 2 records were derived from 15 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032663-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.a5pnwk
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1171 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Fiji",
 "Depth is greater than or equal to 1000.0m"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1171 records from 31 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032791-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.hdx2wq
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 691 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Fiji",
 "Depth is greater than or equal to 1000.0m",
 "TaxonKey is Animalia"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 691 records from 30 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032794-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.prr5tu
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 340 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Platyceps najadum (Eichwald, 1831)",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Observation)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Country is one of (Finland, Ireland, Sweden, Cyprus, Portugal, Netherlands, France, Bulgaria, Romania, Spain, Poland, Czechia, Malta, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Austria, Croatia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Belgium, Gibraltar, Lithuania, Greece, Luxembourg, Latvia, Estonia, Hungary)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 340 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032796-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.znxd65
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 34376 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Kiribati",
 "Depth 1000.0-9999.0m"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 34376 records from 13 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032792-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8zbws6
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2714 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is one of (Rhaponticum repens (L.) Hidalgo)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2714 records from 104 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032797-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.wc64pf
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 53 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is one of (Chaetomitrium elegans Geh., Chaetomitrium elmeri Broth., Chaetomitrium elongatum (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk.)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 53 records from 22 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032798-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.sctxuu
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Pelasgus epiroticus (Steindachner, 1895)",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Observation)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Country is one of (Finland, Ireland, Sweden, Cyprus, Portugal, Netherlands, France, Bulgaria, Romania, Spain, Poland, Czechia, Malta, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Austria, Croatia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Belgium, Gibraltar, Lithuania, Greece, Luxembourg, Latvia, Estonia, Hungary)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032800-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.n5wskv
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 199 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Metaphycus helvolus (Compere, 1926))",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 199 records from 7 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032799-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.pjzbt8
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 7887 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Crocodylus acutus (Cuvier, 1807)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 7887 records from 93 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032793-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.d6bze7
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 629 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Vanuatu",
 "Depth is greater than or equal to 1000.0m"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 629 records from 16 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032801-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.48597/tgtx-xj79
title: POPs (persistent organic pollutants) at Birkenes II

description: Measurement of POPs (persistent organic pollutants) at Birkenes II
DOI: 10.48597/84zq-pm3u
title: Measurement of POPs (persistent organic pollutants) at Birkenes II

description: Measurement of POPs (persistent organic pollutants) at Birkenes II
DOI: 10.48597/xmfq-y3hn
title: Measurement of POPs (persistent organic pollutants) at Birkenes II

description: Measurement of POPs (persistent organic pollutants) at Birkenes II
DOI: 10.48597/btja-qvqt
title: Measurement of POPs (persistent organic pollutants) at Birkenes II

description: Measurement of POPs (persistent organic pollutants) at Birkenes II
DOI: 10.48597/k7tr-549g
title: Measurement of POPs (persistent organic pollutants) at Birkenes II

description: Measurement of POPs (persistent organic pollutants) at Birkenes II
DOI: 10.48597/ub6s-2r9e
title: Measurement of POPs (persistent organic pollutants) at Birkenes II

description: Measurement of POPs (persistent organic pollutants) at Birkenes II
DOI: 10.15468/dl.w7j6vf
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 30 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Podarcis gaigeae (Werner, 1930)",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Observation)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Country is one of (Finland, Ireland, Sweden, Cyprus, Portugal, Netherlands, France, Bulgaria, Romania, Spain, Poland, Czechia, Malta, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Austria, Croatia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Belgium, Gibraltar, Lithuania, Greece, Luxembourg, Latvia, Estonia, Hungary)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 30 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032802-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.48597/hgbv-nwpj
title: Measurement of POPs (persistent organic pollutants) at Birkenes II

description: Measurement of POPs (persistent organic pollutants) at Birkenes II
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11238484
title: IODP Expedition 371 Color reflectance

description: Color reflectance data were measured on section halves using an integration sphere and a UV-VIS spectrophotometer mounted on the Section Half Multisensor Logger (SHMSL). Spectral counts are recorded in the range of 380 to 700 nm, covering the visible spectrum, and binned in ~2 nm bins. Spectral data are reduced from spectra and recorded in tristimulus XYZ values, CieLAB L*a*b* values, and other units.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11238485
title: IODP Expedition 371 Color reflectance

description: Color reflectance data were measured on section halves using an integration sphere and a UV-VIS spectrophotometer mounted on the Section Half Multisensor Logger (SHMSL). Spectral counts are recorded in the range of 380 to 700 nm, covering the visible spectrum, and binned in ~2 nm bins. Spectral data are reduced from spectra and recorded in tristimulus XYZ values, CieLAB L*a*b* values, and other units.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.9k59zz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Dactylorhiza kalopissii subsp. kalopissii",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Observation)",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Country is one of (Finland, Ireland, Sweden, Cyprus, Portugal, Netherlands, France, Bulgaria, Romania, Spain, Poland, Czechia, Malta, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Austria, Croatia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Belgium, Gibraltar, Lithuania, Greece, Luxembourg, Latvia, Estonia, Hungary)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032805-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.p969am
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 64 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is one of (Chamarea gracillima (H.Wolff) B.L.Burtt, Chamarea longipedicellata B.L.Burtt, Chamarea snijmaniae B.L.Burtt)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 64 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0032804-240506114902167/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11238478
title: IODP Expedition 371 Portable X-ray fluorescence (p-XRF)

description: Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) is a rapid, non-destructive technique for determining qualitative and quantitative changes in chemical composition. Aboard the JOIDES Resolution, pXRF is used for measuring points on section halves, rock pieces, and sometimes powders. Spots are typically irradiated at multiple conditions to excite and measure a wide range of elements. The peak intensity changes (we do not provide concentrations) are then used to help recognize and define major chemo-stratigraphic units without the need for destructive sampling.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11238479
title: IODP Expedition 371 Portable X-ray fluorescence (p-XRF)

description: Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) is a rapid, non-destructive technique for determining qualitative and quantitative changes in chemical composition. Aboard the JOIDES Resolution, pXRF is used for measuring points on section halves, rock pieces, and sometimes powders. Spots are typically irradiated at multiple conditions to excite and measure a wide range of elements. The peak intensity changes (we do not provide concentrations) are then used to help recognize and define major chemo-stratigraphic units without the need for destructive sampling.