cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4b8gthtck
title: 10-year trends reveal declining quality of seeded pollinator habitat on reclaimed mines regardless of seed mix diversity

description: Plant-pollinator interactions represent a crucial ecosystem function
 threatened by anthropogenic landscape alterations. Disturbances that
 reduce plant diversity are associated with floral resource and pollinator
 declines. Establishing wildflower plantings is a major conservation
 strategy targeting pollinators, the success of which depends on long-term
 persistence of seeded floral communities. However, most
 pollinator-oriented seeding projects are monitored for a few years, making
 it difficult to evaluate the longevity of such interventions. Selecting
 plant species to provide pollinators diverse arrays of floral resources
 throughout their activity season is often limited by budgetary constraints
 and other conservation priorities. To evaluate the long-term persistence
 of prairie vegetation seeded to support pollinators, we sowed wildflower
 seed mixes into plots on a degraded reclaimed strip-mine landscape in
 central Ohio, USA. We examined how pollinator habitat quality, measured as
 floral abundance and diversity, changed over 10 years (2009-2019) in the
 absence of management, over the course of the blooming season within each
 year, and across three seed mixes containing different numbers and
 combinations of flowering plant species. Seeded species floral abundance
 declined by more than 75% over the study, with the largest decline
 occurring between the fifth and seventh summers. Native and non-native
 adventive flowering plants quickly colonized the plots and represented
 &gt; 50% of floral community abundances on average. Floral richness
 remained relatively constant throughout the study, with a small peak one
 year after plot establishment. Plots seeded with high-diversity mixes
 averaged 2-3 more species per plot compared to a low-diversity mix,
 despite having been seeded with twice as many plant species. Within years,
 the abundance and diversity of seeded species were lowest early in the
 blooming season and increased monotonically from June to August. Adventive
 species exhibited the opposite trend, such that complementary abundance
 patterns of seeded and adventive species blooms resulted in a relatively
 constant floral abundance across the growing season. Seeded plant
 communities followed classic successional patterns in which annual species
 quickly established and flowered but were replaced by perennial species
 after the first few summers. Long-term data on establishment and
 persistence of flower species can guide species selection for
 future-oriented pollinator habitat restorations.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qv9s4mwdz
title: Effects of body size divergence on male mating tactics in the ground beetle Carabus japonicus

description: Animal body size is involved in reproduction in various ways. Carabus
 japonicus exhibits considerable variation in adult body size across
 geographical locations depending on the larval environment. To investigate
 the effects of body size divergence on male mating traits, spermatophore
 deposition and weight, copulation duration, and post-copulatory mounting
 were observed using male-female pairs from C. japonicus populations with
 different body sizes. Then, variables with high predictive power on the
 mating traits were identified from individual characteristics. When the
 male was slightly smaller than his mate, spermatophore deposition likely
 succeeded, suggesting that mechanical size-assortative insemination
 determined male body size. Although male reproductive organ size was
 positively correlated with male body size, spermatophore weight was not
 significantly affected by male body size, whereas copulation duration
 decreased with increasing male body size. Enlarged males, with a high
 capacity for spermatophore production, could increase paternity by
 decreasing copulation duration and increasing mating frequency. Such
 shifts in mating tactics would alter selection pressures of intra- and
 intersexual interactions (e.g., sperm competition and sexual conflict).
 Genital dimensions also affected mating traits other than copulatory
 duration. Thus, ecological heterogeneity has the potential to lead to
 divergences in sexual traits, such as genital morphology, through body
 size divergence.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2ngf1vhnh
title: Data for: Anti-predator phenotype in crucian carp altered by a psychoactive drug

description: Predator-inducible defences constitute a widespread form of adaptive
 phenotypic plasticity, and such defences have recently been suggested
 linked with the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system is a
 target of endocrine disruptors, such as psychoactive pharmaceuticals,
 which are common aquatic contaminants. We hypothesized that
 exposure to an antidepressant
 pollutant, fluoxetine, influences the physiological
 stress response in our model species, crucian carp, affecting its
 behavioural and morphological responses to predation threat. We
 examined short- and long-term effects of fluoxetine and predator exposure
 on behaviour and morphology in crucian carp. 17 days of exposure to a high
 dose of fluoxetine (100 µg L-1), resulted in a shyer phenotype, regardless
 of the presence/absence of a pike predator, but this effect disappeared
 after long-term exposure. Fluoxetine effects on morphological plasticity
 was context dependent as a low dose (1 µg L-1) only influenced crucian
 carp body shape in pike presence. A high dose of fluoxetine strongly
 influenced body shape regardless of predator treatment. Our results
 highlight that environmental pollution by pharmaceuticals could disrupt
 physiological regulation of ecologically important inducible defences.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ngf1vhhtt
title: Evaluating livestock farmers' knowledge, beliefs, and management of arboviral diseases in Kenya

description: Globally, arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) infections continue to pose
 substantial threats to public health and economic development, especially
 in developing countries. In Kenya, although arboviral diseases (ADs) are
 largely endemic, little is known about the factors influencing livestock
 farmers’ knowledge, beliefs, and management (KBM) of the three major ADs:
 Rift Valley fever (RVF), dengue fever and chikungunya fever. This study
 evaluates the drivers of livestock farmers’ KBM of ADs from a sample of
 629 respondents selected using a three-stage sampling procedure in Kenya’s
 three hotspot counties of Baringo, Kwale, and Kilifi. 
description: A multistage sampling
 technique was used to select 629 respondents for a survey of their KBM of
 ADs in their locale. In the first stage, the three ADs hotspot counties
 (Baringo, Kilifi, and Kwale) were purposively selected. In the second
 stage, purposive sampling was also used to select the most ADs-prone
 sub-counties (decentralized units within a county) in each of the three
 counties resulting in three study sites of Marigat in Baringo, Malindi,
 Kilifi South and North in Kilifi and Msambweni in Kwale. A sampling frame
 of all households in the three study sites was obtained from the local
 administration (chiefs and village elders). In the third stage, a simple
 random sampling technique was used to select 200 households from each
 study site giving a total sample of 629 households after adjusting for 10
 percent of the non-responses.  Well-trained enumerators
 undertook face-to-face interviews through a pre-tested semi-structured
 questionnaire using CSPro version 7.5 electronic data collection software
 and later exported to STATA software.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.wstqjq2mc
title: Data from: Widespread misperception about a major East Asian biogeographic boundary exposed through bibliographic survey and biogeographic meta-analysis

description: Aim The Watase line, a major biogeographic boundary between Palearctic and
 Oriental realms in East Asia, is generally drawn between Akuseki and
 Kodakara Islands of the Northern Ryukyu archipelago, Japan. However, no
 evidence can be found to support the positioning of the boundary between
 these two tiny volcanic islands. This study aimed to confirm whether and
 where the biogeographical boundary should be drawn. Location East Asia
 Taxon  Land snail, ant, dragonfly, butterfly, amphibian, reptile,
 bird, plant Methods A bibliographic survey was carried out to revisit an
 original definition of the Watase line and its usage. Biogeographic and
 meta-analyses were also performed using a Simpson dissimilarity index
 calculated from published distribution data to test whether and where any
 biogeographic boundary exists. To ensure the validity of the study design,
 similar surveys and analyses were conducted in another region of Southern
 Ryukyu, where a reliable biogeographic boundary has been proposed as a
 positive control. Results The bibliographic survey showed that the Watase
 line had been described without specifying the precise position. No
 revised definition has been proposed for the boundary to date.
 Biogeographic analyses do not support the existence of a boundary between
 Akuseki and Kodakara Islands. Meanwhile, the presence of a boundary in
 Southern Ryukyu was endorsed by both the bibliographic survey and
 biogeographic analyses, supporting the validity of this study’s design.
 Main conclusions This study revealed that the major biogeographic boundary
 is widely used with deviations from the original definition. Presumably,
 ideas based on inappropriate evidence, such as the distribution of a
 symbolic species and unpublished data, have been referred to without being
 questioned and led to the current widespread misunderstanding.
 Misunderstandings like these could occur at any biogeographic boundaries
 around the world, and thus, systematic reviews of all boundaries are
 needed for an appropriate understanding of biodiversity.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2v6wwpzn9
title: Effects of three-dimensional soil heterogeneity and species composition on plant biomass and biomass allocation of grass-mixtures

description: Soil heterogeneity significantly affects plant dynamics such as plant
 growth and biomass. Most studies developed soil heterogeneity in two
 dimensions, i.e. either horizontally or vertically. However, soil
 heterogeneity in natural ecosystems varies both horizontally and
 vertically i.e. in three dimensions. Previous studies on plant biomass and
 biomass allocation rarely considered the joint effects of soil
 heterogeneity and species composition. Thus, to investigate such joint
 effects on plant biomass and biomass allocation, a controlled experiment
 was conducted, where three levels of soil heterogeneity and seven types of
 species compositions were applied. Such soil heterogeneity was developed
 by filling nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor substrates in an alternative
 pattern in pots with different patch sizes (small, medium or large), and
 species compositions was achieved by applying three plant species (i.e.
 Festuca elata, Bromus inermis, Elymus breviaristatus) in all possible
 combinations (growing either in monoculture or in mixtures). Results
 showed that patch size significantly impacted plant biomass and biomass
 allocation, which differed among plant species. Specially, at the pot
 scale, with increasing patch size, shoot biomass decreased, while root
 biomass and R: S ratio increased, and total biomass tended to show a
 unimodal pattern, where the medium patch supported higher total biomass.
 Moreover, at the substrate scale, more shoot biomass and total biomass
 were found in nutrient-rich substrate. Furthermore, at the community
 scale, two of the three target plant species growing in monoculture had
 more shoot biomass than those growing together with other species. Thus,
 our results indicate soil heterogeneity significantly affected plant
 biomass and biomass allocation, which differ among plant species, though
 more research is needed on the generalization on biomass allocation. We
 propose that soil heterogeneity should be considered more explicitly in
 studies with more species in long-term experiments.
description: Shoots and roots of grasses growing in each pot were harvested at
 the end of the experiment, and roots were carefully washed out from their
 growing soil. They were over-dried at 65°C to constant weight and
 weighted.
description: In order to explore the drivers of plant biomass and biomass
 allocation from large to small scales, analyses were conducted at the pot,
 substrate and community scales.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.g4f4qrfqb
title: Efficient use of harvest data: A size-class-structured integrated population model for exploited populations

description: Many animal populations are subject to hunting or fishing in the wild.
 Detailed knowledge of demographic parameters (e.g. survival, reproduction)
 and temporal dynamics of such populations is crucial for sustainable
 management. Despite their relevance for management decisions, structure
 and size of exploited populations are often not known, and data limited.
 Recently, joint analysis of different types of demographic data, such as
 population counts, reproductive data and capture-mark-recapture data,
 within integrated population models (IPMs) has gained much popularity as
 it may allow estimating population size and structure, as well as key
 demographic rates, while fully accounting for uncertainty. IPMs built so
 far for exploited populations have typically been built as age-structured
 population models. However, the age of harvested individuals is usually
 difficult and/or costly to assess and therefore often not available. Here,
 we introduce an IPM structured by body size classes, which allows making
 efficient use of data commonly available in exploited populations for
 which accurate information on age is often missing. The model jointly
 analyzes size-at-harvest data, capture-mark-recapture-recovery data, and
 reproduction data from necropsies, and we illustrate its applicability in
 a case study involving heavily hunted wild boar. This species has
 increased in abundance over the last decades despite intense harvest, and
 the IPM analysis provides insights into the roles of natural mortality,
 body growth, maturation schedules, and reproductive output in compensating
 for the loss of individuals to hunting. Early maturation and high
 reproductive output contributed to wild boar population persistence
 despite a strong hunting pressure. We thus demonstrate the potential of
 size-class-structured IPMs as tools to investigate the dynamics of
 exploited populations with limited information on age, and highlight both
 the applicability of this framework to other species and its potential for
 follow-up analyses highly relevant to management.
description: .Rdata files can be loaded in R
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2547d7wqm
title: Cooperative communication with humans evolved to emerge early in domestic dogs

description: While we know that dogs evolved from wolves, it remains unclear how
 domestication affected dog cognition. One hypothesis suggests dog
 domestication altered social maturation by a process of selecting for an
 attraction to humans. Under this account, dogs became more flexible in
 using inherited skills to cooperatively-communicate with a new social
 partner that was previously feared and expressed these unusual social
 skills early in development. Here we tested dog (N=44) and wolf (N=37)
 puppies, 5-18 weeks old, on a battery of temperament and cognition tasks.
 We found that dog puppies were more attracted to humans, read human
 gestures more skillfully, and made more eye contact with humans than wolf
 puppies. The two species were similarly attracted to objects and performed
 similarly on nonsocial measures of memory and inhibitory control. These
 results are consistent with the idea that domestication enhanced the
 cooperative-communicative abilities of dogs as selection for attraction to
 humans altered social maturation.
description: See STAR Methods section of paper for data collection
 protocol.  
description: The zipped folder contains all the data and R codes (commented
 for clarity) used for analysis of each test in the battery.  These data
 files have been updated (on September 30, 2021) to ensure that the names
 are consistent across all files - specifically, four individuals (now
 "HoneyPockets", "LittleMan", "Wade", and
 CCI10" across all data sets) had some inconsistencies in spelling and
 spacing in their names in the previous data files. It also contains a
 README file further explaining the content.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.7sqv9s4s8
title: Manhattan, New York City, 2020 Traffic Time Series + R Code for Analysis

description: This dataset includes (1) a .txt file of processed time-series with four
 traffic congestion levels for the borough of Manhattan, NYC, averaged
 every 3 hours for the duration of 2020, and (2) an R script for
 completing analysis of the traffic time series to determine patterns in
 traffic over the year 2020, and to evaluate the impact of stay-at-home
 orders implemented in response to the COIVD-19 pandemic.
description: Raw (pre-processed) data was collected by automatically
 downloading tiles of Google Traffic maps. These images were then processed
 to select colors used by Google Traffic that correspond to traffic
 congestion level on their maps (green = free-flowing traffic, orange =
 some traffic delays, red = traffic congestion, dark red / maroon =
 severely congested traffic) and to determine the percent of the map area
 covered by each color. Each row in the data represents the average for a 3
 hour period. Traffic time series were then analyzed to determine traffic
 patterns over the course of 2020 and to assess adherence to social
 distancing interventions put in place during the pandemic. Details about
 raw data collection, processing, and analysis can be found in other
 sources:  Hilpert M, Shearston JA, Cole J, Chillrud SN,
 Martinez ME. Acquisition and analysis of crowd-sourced traffic data.
 arXiv. 2021:2105.12235. https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.12235
 Jenni A. Shearston, Micaela
 E. Martinez, Yanelli Nunez, Markus Hilpert. Social-distancing Fatigue:
 Evidence from Real-time Crowd-sourced Traffic
 Data. medRxiv 2021.03.04.21252917; doi:https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.04.21252917  
description: The README file contains a data dictionary, also copied
 below: <em>Each row corresponds to one 3-hour
 time window.</em> Data Dictionary:
 DateNum (Matlab) - Matlab datetime format
 DateString - Datetime converted into a character/string
 format Maroon - Percent of map area covered by maroon
 (dark red) color on Google Traffic map, indicating severe traffic
 congestion (3-hour average) Red - Percent of map area
 covered by red color on Google Traffic map, indicating traffic
 congestion (3-hour average) Orange - Percent of map
 area covered by orange color on Google Traffic map, indicating traffic
 delays (3-hour average) Green - Percent of map area
 covered by green color on Google Traffic map, indicating free-flowing
 traffic (3-hour average) Gray - Percent of map area
 covered by gray color on Google Traffic map, indicating not enough
 vehicles sending data to Google to determine traffic color (3-hour
 average)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pg4f4qrpm
title: Ecological drivers of carnivoran body shape evolution

description: Morphological diversity is often attributed as adaptations to distinct
 ecologies. Although biologists have long hypothesized that distinct
 ecologies drive the evolution of body shape, these relationships are
 rarely tested across macroevolutionary scales in mammals. Here, I tested
 hypotheses that locomotor, hunting, and dietary ecologies influenced body
 shape evolution in carnivorans, a morphologically and ecologically diverse
 clade of mammals. I found that adaptive models with ecological trait
 regimes were poor predictors of carnivoran body shape and the underlying
 morphological components that contribute to body shape variation. Instead,
 the best supported model exhibited clade-based evolutionary shifts,
 indicating that the complexity and variation of body shape landscape
 cannot be effectively captured by a priori ecological regimes. However,
 ecological adaptations of body shapes cannot be ruled out as aquatic and
 terrestrial carnivorans exhibited opposite allometric patterns of body
 shape that may be driven by different gravitational constraints associated
 with these different environments. Similar to body size, body shape is a
 prominent feature of vertebrate morphology that may transcend one-to-one
 mapping relationships between morphology and ecological traits, enabling
 species with distinct body shapes to exploit similar resources and exhibit
 similar ecologies. Together, these results demonstrate that the
 multidimensionality of both body shape morphology and ecology makes it
 difficult to disentangle the complex relationship between morphological
 evolution, ecological diversity, and phylogeny across macroevolutionary
 scales.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pnvx0k6mt
title: Dietary and body mass reconstruction of the Miocene neotropical bat Notonycteris magdalenensis (Phyllostomidae) from La Venta, Colombia

description: With 14 species recorded, the Miocene La Venta bat fauna is the most
 diverse bat palaeocommunity in South America. They include the oldest
 plant-visiting bat in the New World, and some of the earliest
 representatives of the extant families Phyllostomidae, Thyropteridae and
 Noctilionidae. La Venta’s Notonycteris magdalenensis is an extinct member
 of the subfamily Phyllostominae, a group of modern Neotropical
 animalivorous bats, and is commonly included in studies of the evolution
 of Neotropical bats, but aspects of its biology remain unclear. In this
 study, we used multivariate dental topography analysis (DTA) to
 reconstruct the diet of N. magdalenensis by quantitatively comparing
 measures of molar complexity with that of 25 modern noctilionoid species
 representing all major dietary habits in bats. We found clear differences
 in molar complexity between dietary guilds, indicating that DTA is
 potentially an informative tool to study bat ecomorphology. Our results
 suggest N. magdalenensis was probably an omnivore or insectivore, rather
 than a carnivore like its modern relatives Chrotopterus auritus and
 Vampryum spectrum. Also, we reconstructed the body mass of N.
 magdalenensis to be ~95 g, larger than most insectivorous bats, but
 smaller than the largest carnivorous bat (V. spectrum). Our results
 confirm that N. magdalenensis was not a specialised carnivore. It remains
 to be demonstrated that the specialised carnivory ecological niche was
 occupied by the same lineage of phyllostomines from at least the middle
 Miocene. Combining our diet and body mass reconstructions, we suggest that
 N. magdalenensis exhibits morphological pre-adaptations crucial for the
 evolution of specialised carnivory.