cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m63xsj417
title: Integrating stakeholders’ perspectives and spatial modelling to develop scenarios of future land use and land cover change in northern Tanzania

description: Rapid rates of land use and land cover change (LULCC) in eastern Africa
 and limited instances of genuinely equal partnerships involving
 scientists, communities and decision makers challenge the development of
 robust pathways toward future environmental and socioeconomic
 sustainability. We use a participatory modelling tool, Kesho, to assess
 the biophysical, socioeconomic, cultural and governance factors that
 influenced past (1959-1999) and present (2000-2018) LULCC in northern
 Tanzania and to simulate four scenarios of land cover change to the year
 2030. Simulations of the scenarios used spatial modelling to integrate
 stakeholders’ perceptions of future environmental change with social and
 environmental data on recent trends in LULCC. From stakeholders’
 perspectives, between 1959 and 2018, LULCC was influenced by climate
 variability, availability of natural resources, agriculture expansion,
 urbanization, tourism growth, and legislation governing land access and
 natural resource management. Among other socio-environmental-political
 LULCC drivers, the stakeholders envisioned that from 2018 to 2030 LULCC
 will largely be influenced by land health, natural and economic capital,
 and political will in implementing land use plans and policies. The
 projected scenarios suggest that by 2030 agricultural land will have
 expanded by 8-20% under different scenarios and herbaceous vegetation and
 forest land cover will be reduced by 2.5-5% and 10-19% respectively.
 Stakeholder discussions further identified desirable futures in 2030 as
 those with improved infrastructure, restored degraded landscapes,
 effective wildlife conservation, and better farming techniques. The
 undesirable futures in 2030 were those characterized by land degradation,
 poverty, and cultural loss. Insights from our work identify the
 implications of future LULCC scenarios on wildlife and cultural
 conservation and in meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and
 targets by 2030. The Kesho approach capitalizes on knowledge exchanges
 among diverse stakeholders, and in the process promotes social learning,
 provides a sense of ownership of outputs generated, democratizes
 scientific understanding, and improves the quality and relevance of the
 outputs.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.j4pyqe
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 137795412 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "DatasetKey is iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 137795412 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002726-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n2z34tmvv
title: The first Silurian trilobite with three-dimensionally preserved soft parts reveals novel appendage morphology

description: The first Silurian trilobite known with soft parts preserved, a Dalmanites
 species, is described from the Herefordshire Lagerstätte. Biramous
 appendages and much of the alimentary system are evident. 
 High-fidelity three-dimensional preservation reveals a novel, double
 arrangement of the exopod filaments, interconnected by a presumed
 membranous sheet. This morphology explains a misinterpretation of the
 exopod as supporting spiral structures, originally reported nearly 150
 years ago. The new exopod morphology is considered primarily respiratory
 in function and comparison with other trilobite limbs suggests that it may
 be unique to Phacopida.
description: Tomographic data collected through physical-optical tomography at
 20-micron intervals, specimen is Oxford University Museum of Natural
 History OUMNH C.29611. See paper associated with this data for
 details 3D models generated from tomographic data using
 the SPIERS suite - see https://spiers-software.org/ - and see paper
 associated with this data for details.
description: This dataset includes 6 zip files. AppendageDetail_VAXML.zip contains a detailed VAXML 3D model for appendage 5. Dalmanites_sp_VAXML.zip contains a VAXML 3D model for the entire specimen, OUMNH C.29611 Section1-Cephalon.zip, Section2-AnteriorThorax.zip, Section3-PosteriorThorax.zip and Section4-Thorax-Pygidium.zip contain between them all tomograms (‘slice images’) for the specimen OUMNH C.29611. Tomograms are registered but otherwise unprocessed. 3D models are in VAXML/STL format. VAXML is an open metadata format for a combininng a series of 3D geometry files stored in the readily viewable STL format.  See https://spiers-software.org/ for freely available viewing software for VAXML datasets, and for further information.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3r2280gf5
title: Early‐life seasonal, weather and social effects on telomere length in a wild mammal

description: Early-life environmental conditions can provide a source of individual
 variation in life-history strategies and senescence patterns. Conditions
 experienced in early life can be quantified by measuring telomere length,
 which can act as a biomarker of survival probability in some species.
 Here, we investigate whether seasonal changes, weather conditions, and
 group size are associated with early-life and/or early-adulthood telomere
 length in a wild population of European badgers (Meles meles). We found
 substantial intra-annual changes in telomere length during the first three
 years of life (both between and within individuals), with shorter telomere
 lengths in the winter following the first spring and a trend for longer
 telomere lengths in the second spring compared to the first winter. In
 terms of weather conditions, cubs born in warmer, wetter springs with low
 rainfall variability had longer early-life (3–12 months old) telomere
 lengths. Additionally, cubs born in groups with more cubs had marginally
 longer early-life telomeres, providing no evidence of resource constraint
 from cub competition. We also found that our previously documented
 positive association between early-life telomere length and cub survival
 probability remained when social and weather variables were included.
 Finally, after sexual maturity, in early adulthood (i.e. 12–36 months) we
 found no significant association between same-sex adult group size and
 telomere length (i.e. no effect of intra-sexual competition). Overall, we
 show that controlling for seasonal effects, which are linked to food
 availability and foraging success, is important in telomere length
 analyses, and that variation in telomere length in badgers reflects
 early-life conditions and also predicts first year cub survival.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ubkjsc
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 6308 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Cytisus scoparius",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 6308 records from 353 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002738-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.08kprr520
title: Who knows, who cares? Untangling ecological knowledge and nature connection among Amazonian colonist farmers

description: Conservationists often assume that connection with and caring about
 nature’s wellbeing is strongly linked to ecological knowledge. Existing
 evidence on the link between ecological knowledge and psychological nature
 connection is mixed, geographically limited to countries in the Global
 North, and does not scrutinize potential differences in determinants of
 ecological knowledge and nature connection. We investigate the
 relationship between psychological nature connection and ecological
 knowledge of local bird species and assess their associations with
 potential drivers, including access to, contact with, and reliance on
 nature and socio-demographic characteristics. Our study is carried among a
 novel participant population of colonist farmers living along a major
 deforestation frontier in the Brazilian Amazon. Our study context has high
 conservation relevance and provides an ideal setting to assess the extent
 to which conservation psychology’s insights from the Global North hold
 true elsewhere. Tropical farm-forest frontiers suffer from intense habitat
 and biodiversity loss, and farmers with migrant origins are important yet
 rarely studied conservation stakeholders. Importantly, farmer’s
 experiences of nature are likely to vary considerably due to the wide
 range of socio-demographic, economic, geographic, and cultural diversity.
 Interviewees scored highly on two indices of nature connection, but scores
 were higher among older people and those with greater contact with nature.
 Bird identification knowledge was generally low to moderate, and higher
 among men and younger people. Species more frequently recognised were
 regionally common, larger-bodied, or associated with non-forest habitats.
 5. Ecological knowledge of birds and nature connection were not
 correlated, and they did not have any predictors in common. Our results
 indicate that colonist farmers are capable of forming strong connections
 with nature, even if they rarely possess detailed knowledge of local
 forest biodiversity. Considering the complex and apparently
 context-dependent relationship between knowing and caring about nature, it
 is unwise to assume that changing one would automatically affect the
 other.
description: Please read the ReadMe file before using the dataset.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jm63xsj92
title: DNA metabarcoding quantifies the relative biomass of arthropod taxa in songbird diets: Validation with camera‐recorded diets

description: Ecological research is often hampered by the inability to quantify animal
 diets. Diet composition can be tracked through DNA metabarcoding of faecal
 samples, but whether (complex) diets can be quantitatively determined with
 metabarcoding is still debated and needs validation using free-living
 animals. This study validates that DNA metabarcoding of faeces can
 retrieve actual ingested taxa, and most importantly, that read numbers
 retrieved from sequencing can also be used to quantify the relative
 biomass of dietary taxa. Validation was done with the hole-nesting
 insectivorous Pied Flycatcher whose diet was quantified using camera
 footage. Size-adjusted counts of food items delivered to nestlings were
 used as a proxy for provided biomass of prey orders and families and
 subsequently nestling faeces were assessed through DNA metabarcoding. To
 explore potential effects of digestion, gizzard and lower intestine
 samples of freshly collected birds were subjected to DNA metabarcoding.
 For metabarcoding with Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI), we modified
 published invertebrate COI primers LCO1490 and HCO1777, which reduced host
 reads to 0.03%, and amplified Arachnida DNA without significant changing
 the recovery of other arthropod taxa. DNA metabarcoding retrieved all
 commonly camera-recorded taxa. Overall, and in each replicate year (N =
 3), the relative scaled biomass of prey taxa and COI read numbers
 correlated at R = 0 .85 (95CI:0.68–0.94) at order level and at R = 0.75
 (CI:0.67–0.82) at family level. Similarity in arthropod community
 composition between gizzard and intestines suggested limited digestive
 bias. This DNA metabarcoding validation demonstrates that quantitative
 analyses of arthropod diet is possible. We discuss the ecological
 applications for insectivorous birds.
description: DNA metabarcoding of faeces. Please see VERKUIL 2022_DATA
 README.txt
description: Please see VERKUIL 2022_DATA README.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.xwdbrv1ck
title: Data from: Sex ratio of Western Bluebirds Sialia mexicana is mediated by phenology and clutch size

description: Mothers may produce more of one sex to maximize their fitness if there are
 differences in the cost of producing each sex or there are differences in
 their relative reproductive value. We tested if breeding date, clutch size
 and drought conditions influenced offspring sex ratios in Western
 Bluebirds (Sialia mexicana) from 1997 to 2017. We found that
 hatch dates late in the breeding season were associated with the
 production of more females. When clutch size was taken into
 account, small clutches yielded significantly more females late in the
 breeding season compared to the early and middle parts of the breeding
 season that produced significantly more males. Large clutches early in the
 season tended to produce more females, although this was not significant.
 Drought severity was not correlated with sex ratio adjustment. 
description: Sex_Ratio_WEBLs.csv: Sex ratios of individual Western
 Bluebird nestlings from 1997 to 2017. 
 <em>Columns:</em> Year: Year data
 was collected Nestling ID: Individual identification
 number of each nestling Nest Box: Nest box in which
 nestlings were raised Elevation (ft): Elevation of the
 nest box in feet Brood Clutch Size: Size of the brood
 within a nest box Hatch Date: Julian date that the
 first egg hatched in a brood Sex: Sex of each nestling
 (1 = male, 0 = female) Watershed: Watershed where each
 box was located Canyon: Canyon where each box was
 located
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.83bk3j9qh
title: Diversification of a polyploid complex: the biogeography and acoustic communication evolution of North American gray treefrogs throughout the Quaternary

description: Polyploid speciation and whole genome duplications are major drivers of
 biological diversity. After polyploid species are formed, the interactions
 between diploid and polyploid lineages may generate additional diversity
 in novel cytotypes and phenotypes. In anurans, mate choice by acoustic
 communication is the primary method by which individuals identify their
 own species and assess suitable mates. As such, the evolution of acoustic
 signals is an important mechanism for contributing to reproductive
 isolation and diversification in this group. The North American gray
 treefrog complex, consisting of the diploid Hyla chrysoscelis and
 the tetraploid Hyla versicolor, has long been used to study reproductive
 isolation and research on this system has consistently driven this field
 forward. Here, we estimate the biogeographic history of this group,
 focusing specifically on the geographic origin of whole genome duplication
 and the expansion of lineages out of refugia following climate
 oscillations and retreats of the Laurentide ice sheet. We then test for
 lineage-specific differences in mating signals by applying comparative
 methods to a large acoustic data set collected over 52 years that includes
 &gt;1500 individual frogs. Finally, we expand upon our results in
 light of recent estimates of the complex’s genomic evolution to describe
 the history of diversification in gray treefrogs throughout the
 Quaternary.
description: Acoustic data was collected over 52 years using a number of
 microphones and recording systems. Calls were analyzed using custom
 software to extract character values and avaraged for each individual.
 Both raw character values and temperature corrected values are available
 when appropriate. Call data used for PCM were averaged across all
 individuals within the county the genetic sample presided in (or in an
 adjacent county, calls from Wood Co. TX were assigned to the Smith County
 TX <em>H. chrysoscelis</em> genetic data). 
 Trees used in this analyses were from a previous study, and can
 be accessed here or the original dryad
 repository: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1rn8pk0s6
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3bk3j9kj4
title: Precipitation regime controls bryosphere carbon cycling similarly across contrasting ecosystems

description: In arctic and boreal ecosystems, ground bryophytes play an important role
 in regulating carbon (C) exchange between vast belowground C stores and
 the atmosphere. Climate is changing particularly fast in these
 high-latitude regions, but it is unclear how altered precipitation regimes
 will affect C dynamics in the bryosphere (i.e., the ground moss layer
 including senesced moss, litter, and associated biota) and the closely
 associated upper humus layer, and how these effects will vary across
 contrasting environmental conditions. Here, we set up a greenhouse
 experiment in which mesocosms were assembled containing samples of the
 bryosphere, dominated by the feather moss Hylocomium splendens, and the
 upper humus layer, that were collected from across a boreal forest
 chronosequence in northern Sweden which varies strongly in nutrient
 availability, productivity, and soil biota. We tested the effect of
 variation in precipitation volume and frequency on CO2 exchange and
 dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export, and on moss growth. As expected,
 reduced precipitation volume and frequency lowered net CO2 efflux, DOC
 export, and moss growth. However, by regulating moisture, the lower
 bryosphere and humus layers often mediated how precipitation volume and
 frequency interacted to drive C dynamics. For example, less frequent
 precipitation reduced moss growth only when precipitation volume was low.
 When volume was high, high moisture content of the humus layer helped
 avoid moss desiccation. Variation in precipitation regime affected C
 cycling consistently in samples collected across the chronosequence,
 despite large environmental variation along the sequence. This suggests
 that the bryosphere exerts a strong buffering effect on environmental
 variation at the forest floor, which leads to similar responses of C
 cycling to external perturbations across highly contrasting ecosystems. As
 such, our study indicates that projected increases in droughts and ground
 evapotranspiration in high-latitude regions resulting from climate change
 will consistently reduce C losses from moss-dominated ecosystems.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qz612jmdm
title: Physiology and behavior under food limitation support an escape, not preparative, response in the nomadic Pine Siskin (Spinus pinus)

description: Migration allows animals to use resources that are variable in time and/or
 space, with different migratory strategies depending on the predictability
 of resource variation. When food varies seasonally, obligate migrants
 anticipate and prepare for migration. In contrast, facultative migrants,
 whose movements are unpredictable in timing and destination, may either
 prepare for migration or escape when resources are depleted. We propose
 and test two alternative hypotheses regarding the behavioral and
 physiological responses of facultative migrants to declining food
 availability. (1) The Prepare Hypothesis predicts that facultative
 migrants prepare for departure by increasing fuel stores in response to
 declining food availability, and elevations of baseline corticosterone
 (CORT) facilitate increased activity. (2) The Escape Hypothesis predicts
 that facultative migrants do not prepare for departure, body condition
 declines as food availability declines, and stress-induced levels of CORT
 induce escape behavior when both energetic condition and food resources
 are low. We conducted a 16-day experiment, measuring body composition
 (using Quantitative Magnetic Resonance), activity (using force perches),
 and baseline CORT in Pine Siskins (Spinus pinus) given ad libitum food or
 a slow decline, fast decline, or randomly changing amount of food. Our
 results support the Escape Hypothesis: body condition declined as food
 declined, decreases in body and fat mass were associated with increases in
 baseline CORT, and activity increased only when food availability was low.
 This work suggests that facultative migration in autumn allows birds to
 escape low resource areas and that the underlying physiological mechanisms
 differ from those driving both seasonal, obligate migrations and spring
 nomadic movements.
description: physiology_data.csv contains food availability, mass, body
 composition, and CORT data for each individual over the course of the
 experiment activity_data.csv contains hopping activity
 for each individual, for every daylight hour of every experimental
 day
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f1vhhmgvw
title: Dataset for Ecomorphological diversification of squamates in the Cretaceous

description: Squamates (lizards and snakes) are highly successful modern vertebrates,
 with over 10,000 species. Squamates have a long history, dating back to at
 least 240 million years ago (Ma), and showing increasing species richness
 in the Late Cretaceous (84 Ma) and early Paleogene (66–55 Ma). We confirm
 that the major expansion of dietary functional morphology happened before
 these diversifications, in the mid Cretaceous, 110–90 Ma. Until that time,
 squamates had relatively uniform tooth types, which then diversified
 substantially and ecomorphospace expanded to modern levels. This coincides
 with the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution, when angiosperms began to take
 over terrestrial ecosystems, providing new roles for plant-eating and
 pollinating insects, which were in turn new sources of food for
 herbivorous and insectivorous squamates. There was also an early Late
 Cretaceous (95–90 Ma) rise in jaw size disparity, driven by the
 diversification of marine squamates, particularly early mosasaurs. These
 events established modern levels of squamate feeding ecomorphology before
 the major steps in species diversification, confirming decoupling of
 diversity and disparity. In fact, squamate feeding ecomorphospace had been
 partially explored in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, and jaw
 innovation in Late Cretaceous squamates involved expansions at the
 extremes of morphospace.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d7wm37q0n
title: Data from: A geology and geodesy based model of dynamic earthquake rupture on the Rodgers Creek-Hayward-Calaveras fault system, California

description: The Hayward fault in California's San Francisco Bay area produces
 large earthquakes, with the last occurring in 1868. We examine how
 physics-based dynamic rupture modeling can be used to numerically simulate
 large earthquakes on not only the Hayward fault, but also its connected
 companions to the north and south, the Rodgers Creek and Calaveras faults.
 Equipped with a wealth of images of this fault system, including those of
 its 3D geology and 3D geometry, in addition to inferences about its
 interseismic creep rate pattern and rock-friction behavior, we use a
 finite-element computer code to perform 3D dynamic earthquake rupture
 simulations. We find that the rock properties affect the locations and
 amount of slip produced in our simulated large earthquakes. Crucial
 factors that control rupture behavior in our modeling are the earthquake
 nucleation locations, the fault geometry, and the data that reveal where
 the fault system is creeping or locked. Our findings suggest that large
 Rodgers Creek-Hayward-Calaveras-Northern Calaveras (RC-H-C-NC)
 fault-system earthquakes may result from dynamic rupture that starts in a
 locked part of the fault system, but is then stopped by the creeping
 parts, leading to high magnitude-6 earthquakes; or, from dynamic rupture
 that starts in a locked part of the fault system, then cascades through
 some of the creeping parts, leading to magnitude-7 earthquakes.
description: There is a readme file.