DOI: 10.5061/dryad.ct231
title: Data from: Five major shifts of diversification through the long evolutionary history of Magnoliidae (angiosperms)

description: With 10,000 species, Magnoliidae are the largest clade of flowering plants
 outside monocots and eudicots. Despite an ancient and rich fossil history,
 the tempo and mode of diversification of Magnoliidae remain poorly known.
 Using a molecular data set of 12 markers and 220 species (representing
 &gt;75% of genera in Magnoliidae) and six robust, internal fossil age
 constraints, we estimate divergence times and significant shifts of
 diversification across the clade. In addition, we test the sensitivity of
 magnoliid divergence times to the choice of relaxed clock model and
 various maximum age constraints for the angiosperms. Compared with
 previous work, our study tends to push back in time the age of the crown
 node of Magnoliidae (178.78-126.82 million years, Myr), and of the four
 orders, Canellales (143.18-125.90 Myr), Piperales (158.11-88.15 Myr),
 Laurales (165.62-112.05 Myr), and Magnoliales (164.09-114.75 Myr).
 Although families vary in crown ages, Magnoliidae appear to have
 diversified into most extant families by the end of the Cretaceous. The
 strongly imbalanced distribution of extant diversity within Magnoliidae
 appears to be best explained by models of diversification with 6 to 13
 shifts in net diversification rates. Significant increases are inferred
 within Piperaceae and Annonaceae, while the low species richness of
 Calycanthaceae, Degeneriaceae, and Himantandraceae appears to be the
 result of decreases in both speciation and extinction rates. This study
 provides a new time scale for the evolutionary history of an important,
 but underexplored, part of the tree of angiosperms. The ages of the main
 clades of Magnoliidae (above the family level) are older than previously
 thought, and in several lineages, there were significant increases and
 decreases in net diversification rates. This study is a new robust
 framework for future investigations of trait evolution and of factors
 influencing diversification in this group as well as angiosperms as a
 whole.
description: BEAST
 angio-130MCC tree of the
 angio-130 analysis with BEAST.mcc_tree_angio-130BEAST angio-140MCC tree of the angio-140 analysis with BEAST.mcc_tree_angio-140BEAST angio-150MCC tree of the angio-150 analysis with BEAST.mcc_tree_angio-150BEAST angio-170MCC tree of the angio-170 analysis with BEAST.mcc_tree_angio-170BEAST angio-200MCC tree of the angio-200 analysis with BEAST.mcc_tree_angio-200r8s angio-130PL tree (with 95% credibility intervals for age estimates) of the angio-130 analysis with r8s.r8s_final_chrono_angio-130.nexr8s angio-140PL tree (with 95% credibility intervals for age estimates) of the angio-140 analysis with r8s.r8s_final_chrono_angio-140.nexr8s angio-150PL tree (with 95% credibility intervals for age estimates) of the angio-150 analysis with r8s.r8s_final_chrono_angio-150.nexr8s angio-170PL tree (with 95% credibility intervals for age estimates) of the angio-170 analysis with r8s.r8s_final_chrono_angio-170.nexr8s angio-200PL tree (with 95% credibility intervals for age estimates) of the angio-200 analysis with r8s.r8s_final_chrono_angio-200.nex