DOI: 10.5061/dryad.v41ns1s1j
title: Data from: Not just flowering time: a resurrection approach shows floral attraction traits are changing over time

description: Contemporary anthropogenic changes in climate and landscape form a complex
 set of selective pressures acting on natural systems, yet, in many
 systems, we lack information about both whether and how organisms may
 adapt to these changes. In plants, research has focused on climate-induced
 changes in phenology and the resultant potential for disruption of
 plant-pollinator interactions, however, there remains a paucity of
 knowledge regarding how other pollinator-mediated traits may be involved
 in the adaptive response. Here, we use resurrection experiments to
 investigate the phenotypic basis of adaptation in a mixed-mating system
 plant, the common morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea). Specifically, we
 measure temporal and spatial changes in traits grouped into three
 categories relevant to plant-pollinator interactions - floral morphology,
 floral rewards, and floral phenology. We show a significant temporal
 increase in corolla size and shift to earlier flowering times, as well as
 a potential for increased investment in floral rewards, all of which are
 driven primarily by populations at more northern latitudes. Additionally,
 we find evidence for directional selection on floral morphology and
 phenology and evidence of balancing selection acting on anther-stigma
 distance. Overall, these results show an adaptive response in line with
 greater investment in pollinator attraction rather than self-pollination
 and fine-scale spatial differences in adaptive potential.
description: This dataset includes a set of phenotypes measured directly from
 live plants growing in greenhouse conditions. There is information both
 about the natural populations from which seeds were collected (population
 name, year of collection, and latitude/longitude) as well as measurements
 of floral morphology (corolla length, corolla width, and anther-stigma
 distance), phenology (date of first flower), and floral rewards (sugar
 content in nectar and pollen counts) done in three separate resurrection
 experiments.
description: <strong>Floral
 Morphology</strong> This data file contains
 floral morphology data for 15 populations distributed in the SE United
 States and sampled in both 2012 and 2003. Latitude and longitude for each
 population are included as columns.
 floralMorphology.csv   <strong>Phenology</strong> This data file contains date of first flower data for 23 populations distributed in the SE United States and sampled in both 2012 and 2003. Latitude and longitude for each population are included as columns. phenology.csv   <strong>Floral Rewards</strong> There are two data files, one of which contains Brix scale measurements of sugar content in nectar and the other of which contains pollen counts. Both sets of data are taken from 4 populations in the SE United States sampled in both 2012 and 2003. There is missing data for flower color in the Brix dataset - all missing data is marked with "na".  nectarBrix.csv, pollenCount.csv   <strong>R Code </strong> R Code in markdown format plus two additional external scripts that are necessary for running the markdown file BishopEL-2023.Rmd pdpFigure_callDoc.R pcv_bootstrap_figure.R
description: # Not just flowering time: A resurrection approach shows that floral
 attraction traits are changing over time --- Four .csv data files #### 1.
 floralMorphology This dataset includes floral measurements from ~6
 flowers/plant in a resurrection experiment done with Ipomoea purpurea (the
 common morning glory). Seeds were collected from 15 populations in the SE
 United States at two time points, 2003 and 2012, and grown together in a
 common garden greenhouse experiment. Floral measurements included are
 corolla width, corolla length, and the distance between the tallest anther
 and stigma. Results show directional selection for increased corolla width
 over time, no change in corolla length over time, and balancing selection
 on anther-stigma distance. Other information in the datasheet includes a
 population ID number, name, and location (latitude and longitude) for each
 population. Further results indicate differential selection across
 latitudes. #### 2. phenology This dataset includes phenology measurements
 from a resurrection experiment done with Ipomoea purpurea (the common
 morning glory). Seeds were collected from 23 populations in the SE United
 States at two time points, 2003 and 2012, and grown together in a common
 garden greenhouse experiment. The recorded phenological trait is the date
 of first flower. Dates have been converted to Julian Date and all seeds
 were planted on the same day, so this date is representative of the number
 of days between planting and flowering Results show some evidence of
 directional selection for earlier flowering dates. Other information in
 the datasheet includes a population ID number, name, and location
 (latitude and longitude) for each population. Further results indicate
 differential selection across latitudes. #### 3. nectarBrix This dataset
 includes measurements of sugar levels in nectar (Brix scale) from 6-7
 flowers/plant in a resurrection experiment done with Ipomoea purpurea (the
 common morning glory). Seeds were collected from 4 populations in the SE
 United States at two time points, 2003 and 2012, and grown together in a
 common garden greenhouse experiment. Results demonstrate some increase in
 sugar content over time, particularly at northern latitudes, but this
 result is highly sensitive to population removal due to low sampling.
 Other information in the datasheet includes a population ID number, name,
 and location (latitude and longitude) for each population. #### 4.
 pollenCount This dataset includes a count of pollen grains from 6-7
 flowers/plant in a resurrection experiment done with Ipomoea purpurea (the
 common morning glory). Seeds were collected from 4 populations in the SE
 United States at two time points, 2003 and 2012, and grown together in a
 common garden greenhouse experiment. Results show a non-significant trend
 toward increased pollen counts over time. Other information in the
 datasheet includes a population ID number, name, and location (latitude
 and longitude) for each population. ## Description of the data and file
 structure Each datasheet represents a separate greenhouse resurrection
 experiment that was conducted to measure: 1. floral morphology, 2.
 phenology, and 3. floral reward traits (split into two datasheets - one
 for nectar, and one for pollen counts). Measurements of floral morphology
 traits are contained in a .csv file of that name
 "floralMorphology.csv". Timing of first flower data is recorded
 in the "phenology.csv" file, and floral reward traits are
 represented in the "nectarBrix.csv" and
 "pollenCount.csv" files Population ID number/name are shared
 across all data sheets (i.e. Population 1 in the floralMorphology
 spreadsheet is the same population as Population 1 in phenology,
 nectarBrix, and pollenCount). ### floralMorphology Columns: * PopID - ID
 number assigned to each unique, naturally occurring, population from which
 seeds were collected; maps to Population column in the phenology file and
 to pop.id in the nectarBrix and pollenCount files * Date - date a
 measurement was taken in the greenhouse * IDNumber - ID number assigned to
 each individual greenhouse plant measured in the resurrection experiment;
 unique to this experiment & does NOT map to any other datasheet * Year
 - year (either 2003 or 2012) in which seeds were collected from naturally
 occurring populations * TA - length of tallest anther; measurement (in mm)
 from the base of the sepal to the tip of the tallest anther * Stigma -
 length of the stigma; measurement (in mm) from the base of the sepal to
 the tip of the stigma * CorLength - corolla length; measurement (in mm)
 from the base of the sepal to the outer edge of the corolla * CorWidth -
 corolla width; measurement (in mm) of the diameter of the corolla *
 FLColor - flower color for a given plant ID; PU = Purple; PI = Pink; WH =
 White * ASD - anther-stigma distance; difference between the length of the
 tallest anther and the stigma, calculated as Stigma - TA for each row *
 PopulationName - name assigned to each unique, naturally occurring,
 population from which seeds were collected; corresponds 1:1 with PopID *
 FieldType - all populations from which seeds were collected occurred
 adjacent to agricultural fields; FieldType indicates the type of
 agricultural use for each population (either corn or soy) * Lat - latitude
 for each population * Long - longitude for each population ### phenology
 Columns: * Population - ID number assigned to each unique, naturally
 occurring, population from which seeds were collected; maps to PopID
 column in the floralMorphology file and to pop.id in the nectarBrix and
 pollenCount files * PlantNumber - ID number assigned to each individual
 greenhouse plant measured in the resurrection experiment; unique to this
 experiment & does NOT map to any other datasheet * Year - year (either
 2003 or 2012) in which seeds were collected from naturally occurring
 populations * YearShort - abbreviation for each year where 3 = 2003 and 12
 = 2012 * Day - day of the month in which the first flower on a plant
 opened (taken from the Date column) * Month - month in which the first
 flower on a plant opened (taken from the Date column) * Date - date on
 which the first blooms emerged on a plant (date of first flower) * Julian
 - date of first flower converted into Julian Date * PopulationName - name
 assigned to each unique, naturally occurring, population from which seeds
 were collected; corresponds 1:1 with PopID * FieldType - all populations
 from which seeds were collected occurred adjacent to agricultural fields;
 FieldType indicates the type of agricultural use for each population
 (either corn or soy) * Lat - latitude for each population * Long -
 longitude for each population ### nectarBrix Columns: * pop.id - ID number
 assigned to each unique, naturally occurring, population from which seeds
 were collected; maps to Population column in the phenology file, PopID in
 the floralMorphology file, and pop.id in the pollenCount file *
 plant_number - ID number assigned to each individual greenhouse plant
 measured in the resurrection experiment; unique to this experiment &
 does NOT map to any other datasheet * Brix - measurement of the sugar
 content of the nectar in a flower using the Brix scale and recorded from a
 pocket refractometer * maternal_line - ID assigned to each maternal line
 represented from field collections; maps to maternal_line in pollenCount
 file\_ * individual - within each unique combination of population,
 maternal line, and year, multiple individual plants and multiple
 flowers/plant are measured. Each row is a flower, with the
 "individual" column noting which rows are flowers from the same
 plant * year - year (either 2003 or 2012) in which seeds were collected
 from naturally occurring populations * flower.color - flower color for a
 given plant ID; flower color was only collected for a subset of plants, so
 missing data is marked with "na". * PopulationName - name
 assigned to each unique, naturally occurring, population from which seeds
 were collected; corresponds 1:1 with PopID * FieldType - all populations
 from which seeds were collected occurred adjacent to agricultural fields;
 FieldType indicates the type of agricultural use for each population
 (either corn or soy) * Lat - latitude for each population * Long -
 longitude for each population ### pollenCount Columns: * pop.id - ID
 number assigned to each unique, naturally occurring, population from which
 seeds were collected; maps to Population column in the phenology file,
 PopID in the floralMorphology file, and pop.id in the nectarBrix file *
 year - year (either 2003 or 2012) in which seeds were collected from
 naturally occurring populations * maternal_line - ID assigned to each
 maternal line represented from field collections; maps to maternal_line in
 the nectarBrix file\_ * pollen_slide - number before the decimal is the
 plant from which pollen was collected; number after the decimal is the
 flower on the plant (i.e. slide 1.1 is plant 1, flower 1; slide 1.2 is
 plant 1, flower 2) * pollen_count - number of pollen grains in a flower
 calculated using imageJ software from images of slides prepared with the
 2nd tallest anther & fuchsin cube jelly * PopulationName - name
 assigned to each unique, naturally occurring, population from which seeds
 were collected; corresponds 1:1 with PopID * FieldType - all populations
 from which seeds were collected occurred adjacent to agricultural fields;
 FieldType indicates the type of agricultural use for each population
 (either corn or soy) * Lat - latitude for each population * Long -
 longitude for each population ## Code/Software All analysis and generation
 of figures included as an R markdown file. Two external R scripts are
 referenced and included.