cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29245034
title: Chemical composition and antifungal activity of rhizomatous essential oil of cultivated <i>Angelica glauca</i> Edgew.: an endangered and medicinally valuable plant species of Northwest Himalayas

description: Essential oil extracted from <i>Angelica glauca</i> roots is used in various ailments. The plant is cultivated but the composition of essential oil varies from wild plants. The essential oil composition has been studied by using hydro-distillation extraction method and GC-MS analysis. The cultivated plant’s essential oil yield was 0.15%, with 14 new phytocompounds. The major compounds detected were Ligustilide&lt;(Z)-&gt; (43.09%) followed by Limonene (25.87%). Further, Ligustilide&lt;(E)-&gt; (2.73) and Pinene &lt; α-&gt; (1.82) were also present in significant proportions. Selinene &lt; β-&gt;(0.10) and Guaiol (0.08) were found in the traces. Terpenes constituted the major portion of the essential oil. The essential oil exhibited antifungal activity with 100% concentration showing the strongest effect against all the pathogens, with the highest inhibition observed against <i>Fusarium solani</i>. The newly reported phytocompounds reveal the influence of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on the oil composition. Thus, research should be undertaken intensively for further study so that the factor can be exploited for better yield and quality of essential oil.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29245034.v1
title: Chemical composition and antifungal activity of rhizomatous essential oil of cultivated <i>Angelica glauca</i> Edgew.: an endangered and medicinally valuable plant species of Northwest Himalayas

description: Essential oil extracted from <i>Angelica glauca</i> roots is used in various ailments. The plant is cultivated but the composition of essential oil varies from wild plants. The essential oil composition has been studied by using hydro-distillation extraction method and GC-MS analysis. The cultivated plant’s essential oil yield was 0.15%, with 14 new phytocompounds. The major compounds detected were Ligustilide&lt;(Z)-&gt; (43.09%) followed by Limonene (25.87%). Further, Ligustilide&lt;(E)-&gt; (2.73) and Pinene &lt; α-&gt; (1.82) were also present in significant proportions. Selinene &lt; β-&gt;(0.10) and Guaiol (0.08) were found in the traces. Terpenes constituted the major portion of the essential oil. The essential oil exhibited antifungal activity with 100% concentration showing the strongest effect against all the pathogens, with the highest inhibition observed against <i>Fusarium solani</i>. The newly reported phytocompounds reveal the influence of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on the oil composition. Thus, research should be undertaken intensively for further study so that the factor can be exploited for better yield and quality of essential oil.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.46j2nj6
title: Data from: Parasite-infected sticklebacks increase the risk-taking behavior of uninfected group members

description: Trophically transmitted parasites frequently increase their hosts'
 risk-taking behaviour, to facilitate transmission to the next host.
 Whether such elevated risk-taking can spill over to uninfected group
 members is, however, unknown. To investigate this, we confronted groups of
 six three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, containing 0, 2, 4
 or 6 experimentally infected individuals with a simulated bird attack and
 studied their risk-taking behaviour. As a parasite, we used the tapeworm
 Schistocephalus solidus, which increases the risk-taking of infected
 sticklebacks, to facilitate transmission to its final host, most often
 piscivorous birds. Before the attack, infected and uninfected individuals
 did not differ in their risk-taking. However, after the attack,
 individuals in groups with only infected members, showed lower escape
 responses and higher risk-taking than individuals from groups with only
 uninfected members. Importantly, uninfected individuals adjusted their
 risk-taking behaviour to the number of infected group members, taking more
 risk with an increasing number of infected group members. Infected
 individuals, however, did not adjust their risk-taking to the number of
 uninfected group members. Our results show that behavioural manipulation
 by parasites does not only affect the infected host, but also uninfected
 group members, shedding new light on the social dynamics involved in
 host-parasite interactions.
description: Demandt_et_al_dataExel table with id of tested individuals and individualised behavioural data.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m6q7c
title: Data from: Population structure of Venturia inaequalis, a causal agent of apple scab, in response to heterogeneous apple tree cultivation

description: Background: Tracking newly emergent virulent populations in agroecosystems
 provides an opportunity to increase our understanding of the co-evolution
 dynamics of pathogens and their hosts. On the one hand host plants exert
 selective pressure on pathogen populations, thus dividing them into
 subpopulations of different virulence, while on the other hand they create
 an opportunity for secondary contact between the two divergent populations
 on one tree. The main objectives of the study were to explore whether the
 previously reported structure between two Venturia inaequalis population
 types, virulent or avirulent towards Malus x domestica cultivars carrying
 Rvi6 gene, is maintained or broken several years after the first emergence
 of new virulent strains in Poland, and to investigate the relationship
 between 'new' and 'native' populations derived from
 the same commercial orchards. For this purpose, we investigated the
 genetic structure of populations of the apple scab fungus, occurring on
 apple tree cultivars containing Rvi6, Rvi1 or Rvi17 resistance gene or no
 resistance at all, based on microsatellite data obtained from 606 strains
 sampled in 11 orchards composed of various host cultivars. Results:
 Application of genetic distance inferring and clustering methods allowed
 us to observe clear genetic distinctness of the populations virulent
 towards cultivars carrying Rvi6 gene from the Rvi6-avirulent populations
 and substructures within the Rvi6-group as a consequence of independent
 immigration events followed by rare, long-distance dispersals. We did not
 observe such a structuring effect of other genes determining apple scab
 resistance on any other populations, which in turn were genetically
 homogenous. However, in two orchards the co-occurrence of strains of
 different virulence pattern on the same trees was detected, blurring the
 genetic boundaries between populations. Conclusions: Among several
 resistance genes studied, only Rvi6 exerted selective pressure on
 pathogens populations: those virulent toward Rvi6 hosts show unique and
 clear genetic and virulence pattern. For the first time in commercial
 Malus x domestica orchards, we reported secondary contacts between
 populations virulent and avirulent toward Rvi6 hosts. These two
 populations, first diverged in allopatry, second came into contact and
 subsequently began interbreeding, in such way that they show unambiguous
 footprints of gene flow today.
description: microsatellites
 datasetThe genotyped organism
 is haploid fungus Venturia inaequalis. Data are obtained for 20 fungus
 populations, each comprising 25-32 individuals. First two rows contain
 descriptions of data. Each subsequent row contains allele data, scored for
 11 microsatellite loci, for one individual. Missing data are coded as:
 -9.sampling
 locationsFile contains names of
 the 20 genotyped populations (of fungus Venturia inaequalis) and the
 approximate GPS position of the orchard, in which they were
 sampled.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.74k3m
title: Data from: Multivariate immune defences and fitness in the wild: complex but ecologically important associations among plasma antibodies, health and survival

description: Despite our rapidly advancing mechanistic understanding of vertebrate
 immunity under controlled laboratory conditions, the links between
 immunity, infection and fitness under natural conditions remain poorly
 understood. Antibodies are central to acquired immune responses, and
 antibody levels circulating in vivo reflect a composite of constitutive
 and induced functional variants of diverse specificities (e.g. binding
 antigens from prevalent parasites, self tissues or novel non-self
 sources). Here, we measured plasma concentrations of 11 different antibody
 types in adult females from an unmanaged population of Soay sheep on St
 Kilda. Correlations among antibody measures were generally positive but
 weak, and eight of the measures independently predicted body mass,
 strongyle parasite egg count or survival over the subsequent winter. These
 independent and, in some cases, antagonistic relationships point to
 important multivariate immunological heterogeneities affecting organismal
 health and fitness in natural systems. Notably, we identified a strong
 positive association between anti-nematode immunoglobulin (Ig) G
 antibodies in summer and subsequent over-winter survival, providing rare
 evidence for a fitness benefit of helminth-specific immunity under natural
 conditions. Our results highlight both the evolutionary and ecological
 importance and the complex nature of the immune phenotype in the wild.
description: Nussey 2014 - ProcRSocB
 - Dataframe+ReadmeDataframe used in
 analyses and readme file in Excel format
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fp023
title: Data from: Selfing ability and dispersal are positively related, but not affected by range position, across multiple species of southern African Asteraceae

description: Dispersal and breeding system traits are thought to affect colonization
 success. As species have attained their present distribution ranges
 through colonization, these traits may vary geographically. Although
 several theories predict associations between dispersal ability, selfing
 ability and the relative position of a population within its geographic
 range, there is little theoretical or empirical consensus on exactly how
 these three variables are related. We investigated relationships between
 dispersal ability, selfing ability and range position across 28
 populations of 13 annual, wind-dispersed Asteraceae species from the
 Namaqualand region of South Africa. Controlling for phylogeny, relative
 dispersal ability – assessed from vertical fall time of fruits – was
 positively related to an index of autofertility – determined from
 hand-pollination experiments. These findings support the existence of two
 discrete syndromes: high selfing ability associated with good dispersal
 and obligate outcrossing associated with lower dispersal ability. This is
 consistent with the hypothesis that selection for colonization success
 drives the evolution of an association between these traits. However, no
 general effect of range position on dispersal or breeding system traits
 was evident. This suggests selection on both breeding system and dispersal
 traits acts consistently across distribution ranges.
description: Namaqualand annual
 Asteraceae fruit set and fruit fall-timesThis file contains fruit
 set for hand pollination experiments and fall times for achenes, including
 sample size and standard deviationDe Waal et al. Namaqualand
 annual Asteraceae.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.12344
title: Data from: Patterns of trophic niche divergence between invasive and native fishes in wild communities are predictable from mesocosm studies

description: 1. Ecological theory attempts to predict how impacts for native species
 arise from biological invasions. A fundamental question centres on the
 feeding interactions of invasive and native species: whether invasion will
 result in increased interspecific competition, which would result in
 negative consequences for the competing species, or trophic niche
 divergence, which would facilitate the invader's integration into the
 community and their coexistence with native species. 2. Here, the feeding
 interactions of a highly invasive fish, topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora
 parva, with three native and functionally similar fishes were studied to
 determine whether patterns of either niche overlap or divergence detected
 in mesocosm experiments were apparent between the species at larger
 spatial scales. Using stable isotope analysis, their feeding relationships
 were assessed initially in the mesocosms (1000 L) and then in small ponds
 (&lt;400 m2) and large ponds (&gt;600 m2). 3. In the mesocosms, a
 consistent pattern of trophic niche divergence was evident between the
 sympatric fishes, with niches shifting further apart in isotopic space
 than suggested in allopatry, revealing that sharing of food resources was
 limited. Sympatric P. parva also had a smaller niche than their allopatric
 populations. 4. In eight small ponds where P. parva had coexisted for
 several years with at least one of the fish species used in the mesocosms,
 strong patterns of niche differentiation were also apparent, with P. parva
 always at a lower trophic position than the other fishes, as also occurred
 in the mesocosms. Where these fishes were sympatric within more complex
 fish communities in the large ponds, similar patterns were also apparent,
 with strong evidence of trophic niche differentiation. 5. Aspects of the
 ecological impacts of P. parva invasion for native communities in larger
 ponds were consistent with those in the mesocosm experiments. Their
 invasion resulted in divergence in trophic niches, partly due to their
 reduced niche widths when in sympatry with other species, facilitating
 their coexistence in invaded ecosystems. Our study highlights the utility
 of controlled mesocosm studies for predicting the trophic relationships
 that can develop from introductions of non-native species into more
 complex ecosystems and at larger spatial scales.
description: Tran et al Journal of
 Animal EcologyData for all aspects of
 Tran et al. 2015, 'Patterns of trophic niche divergence between
 invasive and native fishes in wild communities are predictable from
 mesocosm studies'
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.pf80t
title: Data from: Ecological and functional effects of fungal endophytes on wood decomposition

description: 1.Despite the central role of saprotrophic fungi in wood decomposition and
 terrestrial carbon cycling, the diversity and functioning of wood
 endophytes (i.e., fungi that asymptomatically colonize living plant
 tissue) on decay remains poorly understood. 2.In a four-year field
 experiment in a boreal forest in the upper midwestern United States, we
 investigated whether endophytes influenced fungal community structure and
 subsequent wood decomposition via priority effects. We compared decay of
 sterilized and non-sterilized birch (Betula papyrifera) logs using both
 high-throughput sequencing and wood physiochemical analyses (i.e., density
 loss, dilute alkali solubility, ratio of lignin loss relative to density
 loss). 3.Endophyte presence significantly altered initial fungal species
 composition during the first two years and enhanced mass loss over the
 experiment's duration. Results suggest that following tree death the
 immediate utilization of organic substrates by wood endophytes
 significantly alters establishment patterns of later-arriving fungal
 saprotrophs. 4.Independent of endophyte presence, white rot was the wood
 decay outcome at all sampling times, despite an initial presence of both
 brown and white rot fungi. 5.Collectively, these findings demonstrate that
 wood endophytes can affect early community assembly and subsequent decay
 rates, although environmental filtering leads to consistent selection for
 fungi with lignin-targeted decay strategies.
description: Wood Physiochemistry
 DataThis file includes the
 density loss, dilute alkali solubility and lignin loss : density loss for
 each wood sample at 7, 19 and 42 months of the experiment. Treatment and
 tree replicate information are also includedWood_physiochem_alldates_Dryadsubmission.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h55q8
title: Data from: Ecological genomics of local adaptation in Cornus florida L. by genotyping by sequencing

description: Discovering local adaptation, its genetic underpinnings, and environmental
 drivers is important for conserving forest species. Ecological genomic
 approaches coupled with next-generation sequencing are useful means to
 detect local adaptation and uncover its underlying genetic basis in
 nonmodel species. We report results from a study on flowering dogwood
 trees (Cornus florida L.) using genotyping by sequencing (GBS). This
 species is ecologically important to eastern US forests but is severely
 threatened by fungal diseases. We analyzed subpopulations in divergent
 ecological habitats within North Carolina to uncover loci under local
 selection and associated with environmental–functional traits or disease
 infection. At this scale, we tested the effect of incorporating additional
 sequencing before scaling for a broader examination of the entire range.
 To test for biases of GBS, we sequenced two similarly sampled libraries
 independently from six populations of three ecological habitats. We
 obtained environmental–functional traits for each subpopulation to
 identify associations with genotypes via latent factor mixed modeling
 (LFMM) and gradient forests analysis. To test whether heterogeneity of
 abiotic pressures resulted in genetic differentiation indicative of local
 adaptation, we evaluated Fst per locus while accounting for genetic
 differentiation between coastal subpopulations and Piedmont-Mountain
 subpopulations. Of the 54 candidate loci with sufficient evidence of being
 under selection among both libraries, 28–39 were Arlequin–BayeScan Fst
 outliers. For LFMM, 45 candidates were associated with climate (of 54), 30
 were associated with soil properties, and four were associated with plant
 health. Reanalysis of combined libraries showed that 42 candidate loci
 still showed evidence of being under selection. We conclude
 environment-driven selection on specific loci has resulted in local
 adaptation in response to potassium deficiencies, temperature,
 precipitation, and (to a marginal extent) disease. High allele turnover
 along ecological gradients further supports the adaptive significance of
 loci speculated to be under selection.
description: Pheno-Env_covariates_supermatrix_molecol_manu4-16-16.csvTable of environmental and functional trait data used in site comparisons, latent factor mixed modelling, gradient forest analyses, and mantel tests. See README.docx for fuller description of variables.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vt84640
title: Data from: Population density and size influence pollen dispersal pattern and mating system of the predominantly outcrossed Banksia nivea (Proteaceae) in a threatened ecological community

description: Gene flow is a critical component of plant mating systems and influences
 population fitness, yet pollen dispersal can be highly variable and
 influenced by natural and anthropogenic fragmentation. Gene flow through
 pollen dispersal was investigated in two populations of contrasting size
 and habitat context in Banksia nivea ssp. uliginosa, a rare species in the
 Busselton ironstone threatened ecological community with a naturally
 fragmented distribution. Paternity analysis was conducted with seven
 microsatellite loci to determine mating system parameters and patterns of
 pollen dispersal. Outcrossing was high in both populations with a similar
 level of selfing for both populations despite differences in population
 size, density and vegetation matrix. Most mating occurred within 10 m of a
 mother plant in the small, clumped population, while more dispersed
 mating, up to 50 m from a mother plant, was recorded in the large, less
 dense population. Our results show that population density and size are
 important influences on mating system parameters and level of pollen
 dispersal.
description: Banksia nivea
 genotypeGenotypes of mature
 plants and seeds of Banksia nivea spp. uliginosa
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.47j2q8b
title: Data from: Competition is crucial for social comparison processes in long-tailed macaques

description: Humans modulate their self-evaluations and behaviour as a function of
 conspecific presence and performance. In this study we tested for the
 presence of human-like social comparison effects in long-tailed macaques
 (Macaca fascicularis). The monkeys’ task was to extract food from an
 apparatus by pulling drawers within reach and we measured latency between
 drawer-pulls. Subjects either worked on the task with a partner who could
 access the apparatus from an adjacent cage, worked in the absence of a
 conspecific but with food moving towards the partner’s side or worked next
 to a partner who was denied apparatus access. We further manipulated
 partner performance and competitiveness of the setup. We found no
 indication that long-tailed macaques compare their performance to the
 performance of conspecifics. They were not affected by the mere presence
 of the partner but they paid close attention to the partner’s actions when
 they were consequential for food availability. If social comparison
 processes are present in long-tailed macaques, the present study suggests
 they may only manifest in situations involving direct competition and
 would thus be different from social comparisons in humans, which manifest
 also in the absence of direct competition, for example in evaluative
 contexts.
description: Datacollected 2017/2018 at
 the German Primate Center.drawer_analysis_data.csvR-scriptR-code to analyse the accompanying datasetDrawer_Analysis.R