cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21087436.v1
title: Are larger primates less faunivorous? Consumption of arthropods by Amazonian primates does not fulfil the Jarman-Bell and Kay models

description: ABSTRACT Terrestrial arthropod groups, including insects, spiders, and millipedes, represent an important food resource for primates. However, species consumed and patterns and rates of arthropod-related feeding for most frugivorous primates are still poorly known. We examined stomach contents of 178 Amazonian primate specimens of nine genera and three families obtained from community-based collections voluntarily donated by subsistence hunters. Based on our results, we assessed whether consumption patterns followed the expected negative relationship between arthropod ingestion and body size as postulated in the Jarman-Bell and Kay models. We identified 12 consumed arthropod taxa, including insects (beetles, grasshoppers, ants, flies, caterpillars, praying mantises, and others), spiders and millipedes. Medium and large-bodied primates consumed a greater diversity (measured by Simpson’s diversity index) and richness of arthropods, but differed in terms of composition of taxa consumed. Cacajao, Sapajus and Cebus consumed proportionally more Orthoptera and Coleoptera compared to the other primate genera analyzed. We did not find significant correlations between richness and diversity of arthropods consumed and primate body mass. There was a slight tendency for the decrease in the relative content of arthropods in the diet with increased body mass in medium and large primates, which does not provide full support for the Jarman-Bell and Kay models. The study of arthropod consumption by arboreal primates in the wild remains challenging. Our study suggests that arthropods supply essential nutrients for frugivorous primates, and provides an alternative method to analyse faunal consumption patterns in primates.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21087437
title: Leaf venation reveals its potential for the taxonomy of Hyptidendron Harley (Lamiaceae - Hyptidinae) and supports the recognition of a new species, Hyptidendron cerradoense

description: ABSTRACT Leaf venation has not been widely used in taxonomic integrative works, although some potential in delimiting taxa has been reported. Hyptidendron, a neotropical genus with 20 species, seemed to present some variation in leaf venation patterns, which we sought to further investigate. A number of different herbaria were consulted, and herborized leaves were diaphanized for 20 species of Hyptidendron and a set of unidentified material. The taxa were classified according to their venation patterns. Hyptidendron possesses pinnate semicraspedodromous venation with reticulate irregular tertiary, quaternary and quinternary veins. Freely Ending Veinlets show some variation between species but without clear taxonomic importance. Otherwise, perimarginal veins were greatly informative, being present only in the unidentified material. Together with differences from other species of the genus in leaf shape, margins shape, calyx indumentum and petiole size, we hypothesize the unidentified material as a new species: Hyptidendron cerradoense, described here. We provide a full description, illustration, a distribution map, a preliminary conservation assessment and comments on both the taxonomy and ecology of the new species. Our study supports the importance of leaf venation for taxonomic studies, even in smaller genera.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21087437.v1
title: Leaf venation reveals its potential for the taxonomy of Hyptidendron Harley (Lamiaceae - Hyptidinae) and supports the recognition of a new species, Hyptidendron cerradoense

description: ABSTRACT Leaf venation has not been widely used in taxonomic integrative works, although some potential in delimiting taxa has been reported. Hyptidendron, a neotropical genus with 20 species, seemed to present some variation in leaf venation patterns, which we sought to further investigate. A number of different herbaria were consulted, and herborized leaves were diaphanized for 20 species of Hyptidendron and a set of unidentified material. The taxa were classified according to their venation patterns. Hyptidendron possesses pinnate semicraspedodromous venation with reticulate irregular tertiary, quaternary and quinternary veins. Freely Ending Veinlets show some variation between species but without clear taxonomic importance. Otherwise, perimarginal veins were greatly informative, being present only in the unidentified material. Together with differences from other species of the genus in leaf shape, margins shape, calyx indumentum and petiole size, we hypothesize the unidentified material as a new species: Hyptidendron cerradoense, described here. We provide a full description, illustration, a distribution map, a preliminary conservation assessment and comments on both the taxonomy and ecology of the new species. Our study supports the importance of leaf venation for taxonomic studies, even in smaller genera.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21087439
title: Caryocar villosum attenuates inflammation by inhibiting CXCL1 activation and peripheral hyperalgesia through opioid pathway modulation

description: ABSTRACT The oil of Caryocar villosum is used in Amazonian folk medicine to treat pain and inflammatory conditions. So, we assessed the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of the ethanolic extract obtained from the fruit peels of this species. The acetic acid-induced writhing, carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, formalin, carrageenan-induced paw edema and carrageenan-induced peritonitis tests were used on mice. The C. villosum ethanolic extract significantly inhibited the number of abdominal writhes, mechanical hyperalgesia and paw licking time in the second phase of the formalin test. At a dose of 300 mg kg-1, the extract also significantly reduced the volume of edema formed in the late phase and reduced the recruitment of leukocytes and neutrophils in the peritoneal cavity, as well as CXCL1 chemokine levels. It is suggested that the extract attenuates the leukocyte recruitment by inhibiting the CXCL1 activation. The peripheral antinociceptive activity occured through opioid pathway modulation because pretreatment with C. villosum ethanolic extract reversed the naltrexone-induced antinociception.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21087439.v1
title: Caryocar villosum attenuates inflammation by inhibiting CXCL1 activation and peripheral hyperalgesia through opioid pathway modulation

description: ABSTRACT The oil of Caryocar villosum is used in Amazonian folk medicine to treat pain and inflammatory conditions. So, we assessed the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of the ethanolic extract obtained from the fruit peels of this species. The acetic acid-induced writhing, carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, formalin, carrageenan-induced paw edema and carrageenan-induced peritonitis tests were used on mice. The C. villosum ethanolic extract significantly inhibited the number of abdominal writhes, mechanical hyperalgesia and paw licking time in the second phase of the formalin test. At a dose of 300 mg kg-1, the extract also significantly reduced the volume of edema formed in the late phase and reduced the recruitment of leukocytes and neutrophils in the peritoneal cavity, as well as CXCL1 chemokine levels. It is suggested that the extract attenuates the leukocyte recruitment by inhibiting the CXCL1 activation. The peripheral antinociceptive activity occured through opioid pathway modulation because pretreatment with C. villosum ethanolic extract reversed the naltrexone-induced antinociception.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12094914.v1
title: Association between Therapeutic Adherence and the Profile of Patients with Resistant Hypertension

description: Abstract Background: Resistant hypertension (RH) consists of increased blood pressure (BP) despite the use of 3 or more antihypertensives or BP control only when is use of 4 or more antihypertensives. It is fundamental to exclude pseudoresistance, which can be attributed to poor therapeutic adherence. Adherence evaluation, generally by the Morisky-Grenn test, is important because, when appropriate, it is associated with fewer cardiovascular complications and better BP control. Objectives: To evaluate the adherence of patients with RH and to investigate its relation with epidemiological, anthropometric and clinical characteristics, as well as to estimate the prevalence of pseudoresistance and to outline strategies to improve adherence. Methods: Retrospective observational cohort from an interview with patients followed at an outpatient clinic for RH. Therapeutic adherence, demographic, anthropometric data, cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, complementary exams and BP level were collected. One-way ANOVA and Student's t-tests were used for normal variables, and the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for non-normal tests. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-Square test. We considered a 5% significance level in all tests. Results: 217 individuals were included. Of these, 17% had poor adherence. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics, complications, comorbidities, BP level or drugs used were statistically insignificant between groups. The poor adherence group used significantly more drugs (p = 0.0313) and 28% of pseudoresistance was estimated. Conclusions: Most of the individuals presented good therapeutic adherence by the Morisky test. Only the number of antihypertensive drugs had a statistically significant influence on adherence, while the epidemiological, anthropometric and clinical characteristics were statistically insignificant.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21087445
title: Cassava residues in the diet of slow-growing broilers

description: ABSTRACT Cassava by-products are abundant and largely unused in familiy agro-industries in the Amazon region, where slow-growing broilers are commonly raised. Thus the incorporation of cassava by-products in broiler feed may provide starch enrichment for better zootechnical performance. We evaluated the use of cassava residues instead of corn in the diet of slow-growing broilers. We determined the chemical composition of cassava scrapings (CS) and cassava starch residue (CSR), and tested the digestibility of the residues in 192 broilers and three treatments: inclusion of 30 g kg-1 CS or CSR and a control without residue, with eight replicates of eight broilers each. Digestibility was assessed through collection of total excreta from 19 to 22 days of age. Apparent and corrected metabolizable energy, and apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein and crude energy were significantly higher for CSR than CS. Therefore, only CSR was used in a performance experiment using 324 broilers 30 to 90 days old, distributed in four treatments (0; 6.8; 13.4 and 20 g kg-1 CSR in feed) with nine replicates of nine broilers each. There was no significant difference among treatments in weight gain, feed intake, yield of carcass, breast and viscera, meat color, luminosity, pH, shear force, cooking-weight loss and drip loss. As there was a significant reduction in feed conversion and thigh and drumstick yield for 20 g kg-1, we suggest the incorporation of CSR up to 13.4 g kg-1.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21087445.v1
title: Cassava residues in the diet of slow-growing broilers

description: ABSTRACT Cassava by-products are abundant and largely unused in familiy agro-industries in the Amazon region, where slow-growing broilers are commonly raised. Thus the incorporation of cassava by-products in broiler feed may provide starch enrichment for better zootechnical performance. We evaluated the use of cassava residues instead of corn in the diet of slow-growing broilers. We determined the chemical composition of cassava scrapings (CS) and cassava starch residue (CSR), and tested the digestibility of the residues in 192 broilers and three treatments: inclusion of 30 g kg-1 CS or CSR and a control without residue, with eight replicates of eight broilers each. Digestibility was assessed through collection of total excreta from 19 to 22 days of age. Apparent and corrected metabolizable energy, and apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein and crude energy were significantly higher for CSR than CS. Therefore, only CSR was used in a performance experiment using 324 broilers 30 to 90 days old, distributed in four treatments (0; 6.8; 13.4 and 20 g kg-1 CSR in feed) with nine replicates of nine broilers each. There was no significant difference among treatments in weight gain, feed intake, yield of carcass, breast and viscera, meat color, luminosity, pH, shear force, cooking-weight loss and drip loss. As there was a significant reduction in feed conversion and thigh and drumstick yield for 20 g kg-1, we suggest the incorporation of CSR up to 13.4 g kg-1.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12094914
title: Association between Therapeutic Adherence and the Profile of Patients with Resistant Hypertension

description: Abstract Background: Resistant hypertension (RH) consists of increased blood pressure (BP) despite the use of 3 or more antihypertensives or BP control only when is use of 4 or more antihypertensives. It is fundamental to exclude pseudoresistance, which can be attributed to poor therapeutic adherence. Adherence evaluation, generally by the Morisky-Grenn test, is important because, when appropriate, it is associated with fewer cardiovascular complications and better BP control. Objectives: To evaluate the adherence of patients with RH and to investigate its relation with epidemiological, anthropometric and clinical characteristics, as well as to estimate the prevalence of pseudoresistance and to outline strategies to improve adherence. Methods: Retrospective observational cohort from an interview with patients followed at an outpatient clinic for RH. Therapeutic adherence, demographic, anthropometric data, cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, complementary exams and BP level were collected. One-way ANOVA and Student's t-tests were used for normal variables, and the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for non-normal tests. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-Square test. We considered a 5% significance level in all tests. Results: 217 individuals were included. Of these, 17% had poor adherence. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics, complications, comorbidities, BP level or drugs used were statistically insignificant between groups. The poor adherence group used significantly more drugs (p = 0.0313) and 28% of pseudoresistance was estimated. Conclusions: Most of the individuals presented good therapeutic adherence by the Morisky test. Only the number of antihypertensive drugs had a statistically significant influence on adherence, while the epidemiological, anthropometric and clinical characteristics were statistically insignificant.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21087448
title: Gain-of-function STAT1 mutation and visceral leishmaniasis

description: ABSTRACT Gain-of-function mutations in the STAT1 gene have been initially associated with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. However, further research has shown that STAT1 GOF variants may increase susceptibility to infection by other intracellular pathogens. This report describes the first case of disseminated leishmaniasis associated with a STAT1 GOF mutation in a pediatric patient who did not have chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. The patient was a four-year-old boy presenting with fever, severe asthenia, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, and liver failure. Bone marrow aspirate revealed hemophagocytosis and Leishmania parasites. Treatment consisted primarily of liposomal amphotericin B, as per the Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis 2004 protocol. After eight weeks of treatment, the patient did not improve and was submitted to diagnostic splenectomy. Activated macrophages and nodular spleen necrosis secondary to the visceral leishmaniasis were detected. Unfortunately, the patient died in the second week after splenectomy due to overwhelming systemic infection. DNA sequencing revealed a pathogenic (p. R274Q) GOF mutation in STAT1.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21087448.v1
title: Gain-of-function STAT1 mutation and visceral leishmaniasis

description: ABSTRACT Gain-of-function mutations in the STAT1 gene have been initially associated with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. However, further research has shown that STAT1 GOF variants may increase susceptibility to infection by other intracellular pathogens. This report describes the first case of disseminated leishmaniasis associated with a STAT1 GOF mutation in a pediatric patient who did not have chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. The patient was a four-year-old boy presenting with fever, severe asthenia, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, and liver failure. Bone marrow aspirate revealed hemophagocytosis and Leishmania parasites. Treatment consisted primarily of liposomal amphotericin B, as per the Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis 2004 protocol. After eight weeks of treatment, the patient did not improve and was submitted to diagnostic splenectomy. Activated macrophages and nodular spleen necrosis secondary to the visceral leishmaniasis were detected. Unfortunately, the patient died in the second week after splenectomy due to overwhelming systemic infection. DNA sequencing revealed a pathogenic (p. R274Q) GOF mutation in STAT1.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21087452
title: Soybean seeds treated with zinc evaluated by X-ray micro-fluorescence spectroscopy

description: ABSTRACT Zinc (Zn) is a micronutrient considered essential to plants which can be supplied through seed treatment. The treatment of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds with Zn, however, is still not well known as regards the uptake and mobilization dynamics of the nutrient during the germination process. This study aimed to evaluate the uptake and distribution dynamics of Zn applied to soybean seeds at two levels of vigor during germination using X-ray micro-fluorescence spectroscopy (µ-XRF). Zinc treatments corresponded to 0, 2, 4 and 8 g of Zn per kg of seeds. High and low vigor seeds that had been treated were located appropriately so as to promote germination. Zn intensity measurements with µ-XRF were taken in different parts (“regions”) of the seeds (seed coat, cotyledon, and embryonic axis) after 8, 16 and 24 h of imbibition and seedlings (primary root, hypocotyl, plumule, cotyledon, and seed coat) after 48, 72 and 96 h of germination. High vigor seeds showed higher Zn intensity in the embryonic axis in the first 16 h, while low vigor seeds showed higher intensity after 24 h. After 48, 72 and 96 h of germination low vigor seedlings showed higher Zn intensity than high vigor seedlings in the primary root. It was concluded that µ-XRF is an efficient technique for identifying variances in the dynamics of Zn uptake and mobilization during the germination of soybean seeds with different vigor levels.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21087452.v1
title: Soybean seeds treated with zinc evaluated by X-ray micro-fluorescence spectroscopy

description: ABSTRACT Zinc (Zn) is a micronutrient considered essential to plants which can be supplied through seed treatment. The treatment of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds with Zn, however, is still not well known as regards the uptake and mobilization dynamics of the nutrient during the germination process. This study aimed to evaluate the uptake and distribution dynamics of Zn applied to soybean seeds at two levels of vigor during germination using X-ray micro-fluorescence spectroscopy (µ-XRF). Zinc treatments corresponded to 0, 2, 4 and 8 g of Zn per kg of seeds. High and low vigor seeds that had been treated were located appropriately so as to promote germination. Zn intensity measurements with µ-XRF were taken in different parts (“regions”) of the seeds (seed coat, cotyledon, and embryonic axis) after 8, 16 and 24 h of imbibition and seedlings (primary root, hypocotyl, plumule, cotyledon, and seed coat) after 48, 72 and 96 h of germination. High vigor seeds showed higher Zn intensity in the embryonic axis in the first 16 h, while low vigor seeds showed higher intensity after 24 h. After 48, 72 and 96 h of germination low vigor seedlings showed higher Zn intensity than high vigor seedlings in the primary root. It was concluded that µ-XRF is an efficient technique for identifying variances in the dynamics of Zn uptake and mobilization during the germination of soybean seeds with different vigor levels.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20970417
title: Population structure of Talitroides topitotum (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) from Santa Maria, central region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT. Tallitroides topitotum (Burt, 1934) (Talitridae) is one of the representatives of Amphipoda that has adapted to terrestrial environment. This research aimed to describe the population structure of this talitrid in the morphometric and reproductive aspects. The study was carried out in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from June 2020 to May 2021. The talitrids were monthly collected with pitfalls exposed for 48 hours and they were sexed, photographed, and measured (body length, cephalic length, and marsupium length - in millimeters). Ovigerous females had their eggs counted and measured. In addition, we correlated the size data and the sampling latitudes of T. topitotum from previous and present studies. A total of 492 individuals were collected, from which 62 were ovigerous females, 188 non-ovigerous females, and 242 juveniles. No male was sampled. There was a significant correlation between body and head lengths and body and marsupium lengths in ovigerous females. We found no correlation between morphometric data and female fertility. Although not significant, there was a positive correlation between the size of talitrids and the latitude of occurrence. Body size can be inferred from head size, and marsupium size from body size, as both are strongly correlated. The absence of relationship between body size and fecundity may be related to environmental factors that can affect the talitrid reproduction. A clear relationship between the mean body size of T. topitotum and the latitude of their occurrence can be obtained with more studies conducted with a large sampling.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20970417.v1
title: Population structure of Talitroides topitotum (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) from Santa Maria, central region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

description: ABSTRACT. Tallitroides topitotum (Burt, 1934) (Talitridae) is one of the representatives of Amphipoda that has adapted to terrestrial environment. This research aimed to describe the population structure of this talitrid in the morphometric and reproductive aspects. The study was carried out in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from June 2020 to May 2021. The talitrids were monthly collected with pitfalls exposed for 48 hours and they were sexed, photographed, and measured (body length, cephalic length, and marsupium length - in millimeters). Ovigerous females had their eggs counted and measured. In addition, we correlated the size data and the sampling latitudes of T. topitotum from previous and present studies. A total of 492 individuals were collected, from which 62 were ovigerous females, 188 non-ovigerous females, and 242 juveniles. No male was sampled. There was a significant correlation between body and head lengths and body and marsupium lengths in ovigerous females. We found no correlation between morphometric data and female fertility. Although not significant, there was a positive correlation between the size of talitrids and the latitude of occurrence. Body size can be inferred from head size, and marsupium size from body size, as both are strongly correlated. The absence of relationship between body size and fecundity may be related to environmental factors that can affect the talitrid reproduction. A clear relationship between the mean body size of T. topitotum and the latitude of their occurrence can be obtained with more studies conducted with a large sampling.