cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2h821
title: Data from: Manipulating the system: how large herbivores control bottom-up regulation of grasslands

description: 1.Decades of grazing studies have identified a number of key plant and
 soil processes affected by large herbivores and how those grazer effects
 vary among different grassland types. However, there remains little
 mechanistic understanding about how the effects of grazers on plants and
 soils may be biogeochemically linked in regulating grassland processes.
 2.Here we measured monthly plant and soil variables, including soil
 moisture, soil nitrogen (N) availability, plant biomass, shoot N
 concentration and plant production, in grazed and ungrazed (fenced)
 grasslands during the 2012-2014 growing seasons. Measurements were used to
 assess direct and indirect biogeochemical pathways by which grazers
 influenced net aboveground plant production (NAP) in dry and mesic
 grasslands in Yellowstone National Park (YNP). 3.Herbivores only had
 direct effects on plant variables at the dry grassland compared to direct
 and indirect effects on both plant and soil variables at the mesic
 grassland. By enhancing leaf N content at both grasslands, grazers shifted
 the resource controlling NAP from N in ungrazed grassland to moisture, and
 potentially phosphorus and/or other soil nutrients, in grazed grassland.
 4.Synthesis. These results indicate the mechanistic linkage between
 top-down (herbivore) and bottom-up (soil resource) control of grassland
 production. Changing the resources that limit NAP likely has a profound
 impact on how grazed vs ungrazed YNP grasslands respond to environmental
 (e.g., climate, atmospheric N deposition) variability. Because grazing
 enhances leaf N among many types of grasslands, increasing the sensitivity
 of plant production to the availability of moisture and nutrients other
 than N may be a general response of grasslands to grazing.
description: Frank et al. Yellowstone
 dataThis file contains data
 used for modeling soil and plant processes at two grassland sites in
 Yellowstone National Park. Treatments are as follow: "i", inside
 temporary exclosures; "o", outside temporary exclosures;
 "fo", inside fixed exclosures; "foo", outside fixed
 exclosures.dryad
 file.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f96cr
title: Data from: Individual differences in selective attention predict speech identification at a cocktail party

description: Listeners with normal hearing show considerable individual differences in
 speech understanding when competing speakers are present, as in a crowded
 restaurant. Here, we show that one source of this variance are individual
 differences in the ability to focus selective attention on a target
 stimulus in the presence of distractors. In 50 young normal-hearing
 listeners, the performance in tasks measuring auditory and visual
 selective attention was associated with sentence identification in the
 presence of spatially separated competing speakers. Together, the measures
 of selective attention explained a similar proportion of variance as the
 binaural sensitivity for the acoustic temporal fine structure. Working
 memory span, age, and audiometric thresholds showed no significant
 association with speech understanding. These results suggest that a
 reduced ability to focus attention on a target is one reason why some
 listeners with normal hearing sensitivity have difficulty communicating in
 situations with background noise.
description: Experimental data on
 psychoacoustic and cognitive predictors of cocktail-party
 listeningExperimental data from
 50 human normal-hearing listeners. Sentence identification performance in
 a simulated cocktail-party listening task with two spatially separated
 interfering speakers was measured together with several potential
 psychoacoustic and cognitive predictors.oberfeld_kloeckner_2016_cocktailParty_regression_dryad.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kj26br0
title: Data from: Ovary development and cold tolerance of the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) in the central plains of Kansas, United States

description: Environmental challenges presented by temperature variation can be
 overcome through phenotypic plasticity in small invasive ectotherms. We
 tested the effect of thermal exposure to 21, 18, and 11°C throughout the
 whole life cycle of individuals, thermal exposure of adults reared at 25°C
 to 15 and 11°C for a 21-d period, and long (14:10 hr) and short (10:14 hr)
 photoperiod on ovary size and development in Drosophila suzukii
 (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) cultured from a recently established
 population in Topeka, Kansas (United States). Examination of the response
 to temperature and photoperiod variation in this central plains population
 provides insight into the role of phenotypic plasticity in a climate that
 is warmer than regions in North America where D. suzukii was initially
 established. We found both low temperature and short photoperiod resulted
 in reduced ovary size and level of development. In particular, reduced
 ovary development was observed following exposure to 15°C, indicating that
 ovary development in females from the central plains population is more
 sensitive to lower temperature compared with populations examined from the
 northern United States and southern Canada. We also provide evidence that
 D. suzukii reared at 25°C are capable of short-term hardening when exposed
 to −6°C following 4°C acclimation, contrary to previous reports indicating
 flies reared at warm temperatures do not rapidly-cold harden. Our study
 highlights the central role of phenotypic plasticity in response to
 winter-like laboratory conditions and provides an important geographic
 comparison to previously published assessments of ovary development and
 short-term hardening survival response for D. suzukii collected in cooler
 climates.
description: Ovary and Cold Tolerance
 D. suzukii DataA spreadsheet containing
 ovary dimensional sizes and stages of development for D. suzukii samples
 in different rearing/temperature conditions.D.suzukiiData.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fd6jb
title: Data from: Living on a volcano's edge: genetic isolation of an extremophile terrestrial metazoan

description: Communities of organisms inhabiting extreme terrestrial environments
 provide a unique opportunity to study evolutionary forces that drive
 population structure and genetic diversity under the combined challenges
 posed by multiple geogenic stressors. High abundance of an invasive
 pantropical earthworm (and the absence of indigenous lumbricid species) in
 the Furnas geothermal field (Sao Miguel Island, Azores) indicates its
 remarkable tolerance to high soil temperature, exceptionally high carbon
 dioxide and low oxygen levels, and elevated metal bioavailability,
 conditions which are lethal for the majority of terrestrial metazoans.
 Mitochondrial and nuclear markers were used to analyze the relationship
 between populations living inside and outside the geothermal field.
 Results showed that Pontoscolex corethrurus (Annelida, Oligochaeta,
 Glossoscolecidae) to be a genetically heterogeneous complex within the Sao
 Miguel landscape and is probably differentiated into cryptic species. The
 population exposed to the hostile soil conditions within the volcanic
 caldera possesses the lowest within-population mitochondrial diversity but
 an unexpectedly high degree of nuclear variability with several loci
 evidencing positive selection, parameters indicative of a genetically
 unique population only distantly related to conspecifics living outside
 the caldera. In conclusion, P. corethrurus inhabiting active volcanic soil
 is a discrete extremophile population that has evolved by tolerating a
 mixture of non-anthropogenic chemical and physical stressors.
description: AFLP binary
 matrixAn excel file with the
 raw binary matrix fro 425 loci used in the paper entitled "Living on
 a volcano's edge: Genetic isolation of an extremophile terrestrial
 metazoan"Raw_AFLP_Matrix.xlsx
DOI: 10.15468/dl.hrg5e9
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 71 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Cyphanthera tasmanica",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 71 records from 8 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000889-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.d4144
title: Data from: Suitability of Laurentian Great Lakes for invasive species based on global species distribution models and local habitat

description: Efficient management and prevention of species invasions requires accurate
 prediction of where species of concern can arrive and persist. Species
 distribution models provide one way to identify potentially suitable
 habitat by developing the relationship between climate variables and
 species occurrence data. However, these models when applied to freshwater
 invasions are complicated by two factors. The first is that the range
 expansions that typically occur as part of the invasion process violate
 standard species distribution model assumptions of data stationarity.
 Second, predicting potential range of freshwater aquatic species is
 complicated by the reliance on terrestrial climate measurements to develop
 occurrence relationships for species that occur in aquatic environments.
 To overcome these obstacles, we combined a recently developed algorithm
 for species distribution modeling—range bagging—with newly available
 aquatic habitat-specific information from the North American Great Lakes
 region to predict suitable habitat for three potential invasive species:
 golden mussel, killer shrimp, and northern snakehead. Range bagging may
 more accurately predict relative suitability than other methods because it
 focuses on the limits of the species environmental tolerances rather than
 central tendency or “typical” cases. Overlaying the species distribution
 model output with aquatic habitat-specific data then allowed for more
 specific predictions of areas with high suitability. Our results indicate
 there is suitable habitat for northern snakehead in the Great Lakes,
 particularly shallow coastal habitats in the lower four Great Lakes where
 literature suggests they will favor areas of wetland and submerged aquatic
 vegetation. These coastal areas also offer the highest suitability for
 golden mussel, but our models suggest they are marginal habitats.
 Globally, the Great Lakes provide the closest match to the currently
 invaded range of killer shrimp, but they appear to pose an intermediate
 risk to the region. Range bagging provided reliable predictions when
 assessed either by a standard test set or by tests for spatial
 transferability, with golden mussel being the most difficult to accurately
 predict. Our approach illustrates the strength of combining multiple
 sources of data, while reiterating the need for increased measurement of
 freshwater habitat at high spatial resolutions to improve the ability to
 predict potential invasive species.
description: Kramer et al Ecosphere
 code and dataThis zip directory
 includes the data and code associated with Kramer et al. 2017, Suitability
 of Laurentian Great Lakes for invasive species based on global species
 distribution models and local habitat. Questions can be directed to Drew
 Kramer, kramera3@uga.eduKramer et al Ecosphere (Great
 Lakes invasive species) code and data.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2jj6q
title: Data from: Simultaneous age-dependent and age-independent sexual selection in the lekking black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix)

description: Individuals' reproductive success is often strongly associated with
 their age, with typical patterns of early-life reproductive improvement
 and late-life senescence. These age-related patterns are due to the
 inherent trade-offs between life-history traits competing for a limited
 amount of resources available to the organisms. In males, such trade-offs
 are exacerbated by the resource requirements associated with the
 expression of costly sexual traits, leading to dynamic changes in trait
 expression throughout their life span. Due to the age dependency of male
 phenotypes, the relationship between the expression of male traits and
 mating success can also vary with male age. Hence, using longitudinal data
 in a lekking species with strong sexual selection – the black grouse
 Lyrurus tetrix – we quantified the effects of age, life span and age of
 first lek attendance (AFL) on male annual mating success (AMS) to separate
 the effects of within-individual improvement and senescence on AMS from
 selective (dis)appearance of certain phenotypes. Then, we used male AMS to
 quantify univariate and multivariate sexual selection gradients on male
 morphological and behavioural traits with and without accounting for age
 and age-related effects of other traits. Male AMS increased with age, and
 there was no significant reproductive senescence. Most males never
 copulated, and of the ones that did, the majority had only one successful
 year. Life span was unrelated to AMS, but early AFL tended to lead to
 higher AMS at ages 1–3. AMS was related to most morphological and
 behavioural traits when male age was ignored. Accounting for age and
 age-specific trait effects (i.e. the interaction between a trait and age)
 reduced the magnitude of the selection gradients and revealed that
 behavioural traits are under consistent sexual selection, while sexual
 selection on morphological traits is stronger in old males. Therefore,
 sexual selection in black grouse operates primarily on male behaviour and
 morphological traits may act as additional cues to supplement female
 choice. These results demonstrate the multifaceted influence of age on
 both fitness and sexual traits and highlight the importance of accounting
 for such effects when quantifying sexual selection.
description: Data for Kervinen et al.
 JAE-2014-00782.R3Data for
 "Age-dependent and age-independent sexual selection on multiple male
 traits in the lekking black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix)" by Kervinen,
 Matti; Lebigre, Christophe & Soulsbury, Carldata_for_Kervinen_et_al_JAE-2014-00782.R3.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.db0f908
title: Data from: Males mate with multiple females to increase offspring numbers in a nursery web spider

description: Males are often expected to benefit from mating with multiple females;
 however, in species where females are highly cannibalistic, achieving
 multiple matings may be a difficult task. When males employ strategies to
 avoid sexual cannibalism, it is presumed that there are benefits
 associated with survival – e.g. increased fitness associated with more
 mating opportunities. In the nursery web spider (Pisaurina mira), all
 males attempt to avoid sexual cannibalism by wrapping female’s legs in
 silk prior to copulation. If males are unsuccessful, however, there are
 fitness benefits obtained by both sexes that are associated with their
 consumption - heavier and longer-lived offspring. Regardless, we
 hypothesize that P. mira males can achieve higher fitness by avoiding
 sexual cannibalism. Specifically, we predict that males can and will mate
 with multiple females and that mating with multiple partners benefits
 males. To test these predictions, we conducted (i) laboratory assays to
 determine if males will mate with multiple females and (ii) field assays
 to determine natural sex ratios, density, and female and male movement
 patterns. Finally, (iii) we used our field data to construct a
 mathematical model that predicts natural male encounter rates with
 potential mates. We found that male P. mira will mate with multiple
 females and that increased mating numbers leads to increased offspring
 production. Our model suggests that under natural conditions, males have
 the opportunity to mate with multiple females. Overall, our findings
 strongly suggest that P. mira males are likely to benefit from avoiding
 sexual cannibalism through increased mating opportunities.
description: Male Multiple
 MatingData of from male
 multiple mating trials in Pisaurina mira nursery web spiders. Males were
 paired with a total of five females across a ten day period in mating
 trials. Data file includes mating trial data as well as data on offspring
 production in females. See attached file for description of column
 headers.MaleMultipleMating.csvDensity and sex ratio field dataField collected data on Pisaurina mira nursery web spiders. Data includes field measurements of density and sex ratios collected through the reproductive season. See attached README file for description of columns.density.csvMovement of males and femalesData of distance that male and female Pisaurina mira nursery web spiders traveled within a 10 min time period.movement.csv
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nd951
title: Data from: Experimental evidence of human recreational disturbance effects on bird-territory establishment

description: The worldwide increase in human outdoor activities raises concerns for
 wildlife. Human disturbances, even at low levels, are likely to impact
 species during sensitive periods of the annual cycle. However,
 experimental studies during the putative sensitive period of territory
 establishment of birds which not only investigate low disturbance levels,
 but which also exclude the effect of habitat modification (e.g. walking
 trails) are lacking. Here, we experimentally disturbed birds in forest
 plots by walking through twice a day during territory establishment. Later
 we compared the breeding bird community of experimentally disturbed plots
 with that of undisturbed control plots. We discovered that the number of
 territories (−15.0%) and species richness (−15.2%) in disturbed plots were
 substantially reduced compared with control plots. Species most affected
 included those sensitive to human presence (assessed by flight-initiation
 distances), open-cup nesters and above-ground foragers. Long-distance
 migrants, however, were unaffected due to their arrival after experimental
 disturbance took place. These findings highlight how territory
 establishment is a sensitive period for birds, when even low levels of
 human recreation may be perceived as threatening, and alter settlement
 decisions. This can have important implications for the conservation of
 species, which might go unnoticed when focusing only on already
 established birds.
description: Overall number of bird
 territories and species as well as per nesting guild, foraging guild and
 sensitivityNumber of bird
 territories (Individuals) and bird species (Species) found in our 12 plots
 over the two years. Most continuous variables were scaled (mean=0, SD=1),
 this is indicated by (.z) at the end of the column heading
 "name.z".The Shannon_index refers to the tree species'
 which we found in our plots.Y.Bötsch et
 al.PRSB_2017_data.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2m397
title: Data from: Comparative evaluation of potential indicators and temporal sampling protocols for monitoring genetic erosion

description: Genetic biodiversity contributes to individual fitness, species'
 evolutionary potential, and ecosystem stability. Temporal monitoring of
 the genetic status and trends of wild populations' genetic diversity
 can provide vital data to inform policy decisions and management actions.
 However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding which genetic metrics,
 temporal sampling protocols, and genetic markers are sufficiently
 sensitive and robust, on conservation-relevant timescales. Here, we tested
 six genetic metrics and various sampling protocols (number and arrangement
 of temporal samples) for monitoring genetic erosion following demographic
 decline. To do so, we utilized individual-based simulations featuring an
 array of different initial population sizes, types and severity of
 demographic decline, and DNA markers [single nucleotide polymorphisms
 (SNPs) and microsatellites] as well as decline followed by recovery.
 Number of alleles markedly outperformed other indicators across all
 situations. The type and severity of demographic decline strongly affected
 power, while the number and arrangement of temporal samples had small
 effect. Sampling 50 individuals at as few as two time points with 20
 microsatellites performed well (good power), and could detect genetic
 erosion while 80–90% of diversity remained. This sampling and genotyping
 effort should often be affordable. Power increased substantially with more
 samples or markers, and we observe that power of 2500 SNPs was nearly
 equivalent to 250 microsatellites, a result of theoretical and practical
 interest. Our results suggest high potential for using historic
 collections in monitoring programs, and demonstrate the need to monitor
 genetic as well as other levels of biodiversity.
description: Nemo Simulation Init
 File, 97% gradual declineThis file is the first
 simulation parameter file. It simulates a bottleneck of 97% gradual
 decline, with 20 microsatellite markers.nemo_bneck_97.iniOther Simulation and data filesSee readme.txtDryad.zip
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.900f8
title: Data from: Evidence assessing the diagnostic performance of medical smartphone apps: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis

description: Objective: The number of mobile applications addressing health topics is
 increasing. Whether these apps underwent scientific evaluation is unclear.
 We comprehensively assessed papers investigating the diagnostic value of
 available diagnostic health applications using in-built
 smartphone-sensors. Methods: Systematic Review - Medline, Scopus, Web of
 Science inclusive Medical Informatics and Business Source Premier (by
 citation of reference) were searched from inception until December 15th,
 2016. Checking of reference lists of review articles and of included
 articles complemented electronic searches. We included all studies
 investigating a health application that used in-built sensors of a
 smartphone for diagnosis of disease. The methodological quality of 11
 studies used in an exploratory meta-analysis was assessed with the
 QUADAS-2 tool and the reporting quality with the STARD statement.
 Sensitivity and specificity of studies reporting two-by-two tables were
 calculated and summarized. Results We screened 3’296 references for
 eligibility. Eleven studies, most of them assessing melanoma screening
 apps, reported 17 two-by-two tables. Quality assessment revealed high risk
 of bias in all studies. Included papers studied 1’048 subjects (758 with
 the target conditions and 290 healthy volunteers). Overall, the summary
 estimate for sensitivity was 0.82 (95 % confidence interval (CI); 0.56 to
 0.94) and 0.89 (95 %CI; 0.70 to 0.97) for specificity. Conclusions The
 diagnostic evidence of available health apps on Apple’s and Google’s app
 stores is scarce. Consumers and healthcare professionals should be aware
 of this when using or recommending them.
description: Appendix_studies_descriptionData abstraction of all included studies
DOI: 10.15468/dl.2g29mk
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 54 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is Human Observation",
 "Country is Mexico",
 "TaxonKey is Rena dulcis",
 "Year 1960-2026"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 54 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000888-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.