DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bnzs7h4hr
title: Data from: Hypoxia threatens coral and sea anemone early life stages

description: Seawater hypoxia is increasing globally and can drive declines in
 organismal performance across a wide range of marine taxa. However, the
 effects of hypoxia on early life stages (e.g., larvae and juveniles) are
 largely unknown, and it is unclear how evolutionary and life histories may
 influence these outcomes. Here, we addressed this question by comparing
 hypoxia responses across early life stages of three cnidarian species
 representing a range of life histories: the reef-building coral Galaxea
 fascicularis, a broadcast spawner with horizontal transmission of
 endosymbiotic algae (family Symbiodiniaceae); the reef-building coral
 Porites astreoides, a brooder with vertical endosymbiont transmission; and
 the estuarine sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, a non-symbiotic
 broadcast spawner. Transient exposure of larvae to hypoxia (dissolved
 oxygen &lt; 2 mg L-1 for 6 h) led to decreased larval swimming and
 growth for all three species, which resulted in impaired settlement for
 the corals. Coral-specific responses also included larval swelling,
 depressed respiration rates, and decreases in symbiont densities and
 function. These results indicate both immediate and latent negative
 effects of hypoxia on cnidarian physiology and coral-algal mutualisms
 specifically. In addition, G. fascicularis and P. astreoides were
 sensitized to heat stress following hypoxia exposure, suggesting that the
 combinatorial nature of climate stressors will lead to declining
 performance for corals. However, sensitization to heat stress was not
 observed in N. vectensis exposed to hypoxia, suggesting that this species
 may be more resilient to combined stressors. Overall, these results
 emphasize the importance of reducing anthropogenic carbon emissions to
 limit further ocean deoxygenation and warming.
description: # Data from: Hypoxia threatens coral and sea anemone early life
 stages The dataset includes files for all data associated with
 experiments. #### Data and file structure #### Files 1 and 2:
 AFDW\_data.xlsx and .csv These files are for data pertaining to the
 ash-free dry weight (AFDW; i.e., organic biomass) of larvae and juveniles
 as quantified from burned, dried tissue These files have headers, which
 include: -Species = species from which the data originate -Treatment =
 oxygen treatment to which larvae were exposed (either normoxia or hypoxia)
 -Cohort = cohort (i.e., group of larvae born at the same time) from which
 the data originate -Group = experimental treatment jar (i.e., biological
 replicate) from which the data originate -Life_stage = developmental/life
 history stage of animals at time of data collection (either larva or
 juvenile) -Hours_post_treatment = hours after hypoxia treatment at which
 time data were collected -AFDW_ug_mm = ash-free dry weight of animals
 measured in µg and normalized to size in mm #### Files 3 and 4:
 Chlorophyll\_data.xlsx and .csv These files are for data pertaining to the
 chlorophyll content within algal endosymbionts of larvae and juveniles as
 quantified via spectroscopy These files have headers, which include:
 -Species = species from which the data originate -Treatment = oxygen
 treatment to which larvae were exposed (either normoxia or hypoxia)
 -Cohort = cohort (i.e., group of larvae born at the same time) from which
 the data originate -Group = experimental treatment jar (i.e., biological
 replicate) from which the data originate -Life_stage = developmental/life
 history stage of animals at time of data collection (either larva or
 juvenile) -Hours_post_treatment = hours after hypoxia treatment at which
 time data were collected -Chlorophyll_pg_symbiont = chlorophyll content of
 endosymbiont cells measured in pg and normalized per symbiont cell ####
 Files 5 and 6: Heat\_tolerance\_PAM\_data.xlsx and .csv These files are
 for data pertaining to the heat tolerance of P. astreoides larvae as
 quantified via changes in photochemical yield (collected with a
 pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) fluorometer) over time at 36°C These
 files have headers, which include: -Species = species from which the data
 originate -Treatment = oxygen treatment to which larvae were exposed
 (either normoxia or hypoxia) -Cohort = cohort (i.e., group of larvae born
 at the same time) from which the data originate -Group = experimental
 treatment jar (i.e., biological replicate) from which the data originate
 -Life_stage = developmental/life history stage of animals at time of data
 collection (either larva or juvenile) -Hours_post_treatment = hours after
 hypoxia treatment at which time data were collected -Hours_at_36_C = hours
 after which larvae were placed at 36°C at which time data were collected
 -Dark_adapted_Fv_Fm = photochemical yield of larval endosymbionts ####
 Files 7 and 8: Heat\_tolerance\_survival\_data.xlsx and .csv These files
 are for data pertaining to the heat tolerance of larvae as quantified via
 visual observation of survival over time at 36°C These files have headers,
 which include: -Species = species from which the data originate -Treatment
 = oxygen treatment to which larvae were exposed (either normoxia or
 hypoxia) -Cohort = cohort (i.e., group of larvae born at the same time)
 from which the data originate -Group = experimental treatment jar (i.e.,
 biological replicate) from which the data originate -Life_stage =
 developmental/life history stage of animals at time of data collection
 (either larva or juvenile) -Hours_post_treatment = hours after hypoxia
 treatment at which time data were collected -Hours_at_36_C = hours after
 which larvae were placed at 36°C at which time data were collected
 -Larvae_surviving = the number of larvae surviving at the time of data
 collection -Total_larvae = the total number of larvae exposed to heat
 stress (always 8) -Proportion_surviving = larvae_surviving / total_larvae
 -Percent_surviving = proportion_surviving * 100 #### Files 9 and 10:
 PAM\_data.xlsx and .csv These files are for data pertaining to the
 photochemical yield of P. astreoides larvae and juveniles as quantified
 using a pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) fluorometer These files have
 headers, which include: -Species = species from which the data originate
 -Treatment = oxygen treatment to which larvae were exposed (either
 normoxia or hypoxia) -Cohort = cohort (i.e., group of larvae born at the
 same time) from which the data originate -Group = experimental treatment
 jar (i.e., biological replicate) from which the data originate -Life_stage
 = developmental/life history stage of animals at time of data collection
 (either larva or juvenile) -Hours_post_treatment = hours after hypoxia
 treatment at which time data were collected -Dark_adapted_Fv_Fm =
 photochemical yield (unitless) #### Files 11 and 12:
 Photosynthesis\_data.xlsx and .csv These files are for data pertaining to
 the photosynthesis rates of P. astreoides larvae and juveniles as
 quantified via respirometry These files have headers, which include:
 -Species = species from which the data originate -Treatment = oxygen
 treatment to which larvae were exposed (either normoxia or hypoxia)
 -Cohort = cohort (i.e., group of larvae born at the same time) from which
 the data originate -Group = experimental treatment jar (i.e., biological
 replicate) from which the data originate -Life_stage = developmental/life
 history stage of animals at time of data collection (either larva or
 juvenile) -Hours_post_treatment = hours after hypoxia treatment at which
 time data were collected -Photo_pmol_O2_min_ug_AFDW = photosynthesis rate
 expressed as pmol O2 (oxygen) produced per minute per µg of ash-free dry
 weight #### Files 13 and 14: Protein\_data.xlsx and .csv These files are
 for data pertaining to the protein content larvae and juveniles as
 quantified via Bradford assays These files have headers, which include:
 -Species = species from which the data originate -Treatment = oxygen
 treatment to which larvae were exposed (either normoxia or hypoxia)
 -Cohort = cohort (i.e., group of larvae born at the same time) from which
 the data originate -Group = experimental treatment jar (i.e., biological
 replicate) from which the data originate -Life_stage = developmental/life
 history stage of animals at time of data collection (either larva or
 juvenile) -Hours_post_treatment = hours after hypoxia treatment at which
 time data were collected -Protein_ug_mm = cellular protein content
 expressed as µg protein per size (in mm) #### Files 15 and 16:
 Respiration\_data.xlsx and .csv These files are for data pertaining to the
 respiration rates of larvae and juveniles as quantified via respirometry
 These files have headers, which include: -Species = species from which the
 data originate -Treatment = oxygen treatment to which larvae were exposed
 (either normoxia or hypoxia) -Cohort = cohort (i.e., group of larvae born
 at the same time) from which the data originate -Group = experimental
 treatment jar (i.e., biological replicate) from which the data originate
 -Life_stage = developmental/life history stage of animals at time of data
 collection (either larva or juvenile) -Hours_post_treatment = hours after
 hypoxia treatment at which time data were collected
 -Resp_pmol_O2_min_ug_AFDW = respiration rate expressed as pmol O2 (oxygen)
 consumed per minute per µg of ash-free dry weight #### Files 17 and 18:
 Settlement\_data.xlsx and .csv These files are for data pertaining to
 larval settlement rates as quantified via visual observation These files
 have headers, which include: -Species = species from which the data
 originate -Treatment = oxygen treatment to which larvae were exposed
 (either normoxia or hypoxia) -Cohort = cohort (i.e., group of larvae born
 at the same time) from which the data originate -Group = experimental
 treatment jar (i.e., biological replicate) from which the data originate
 -Life_stage = developmental/life history stage of animals at time of data
 collection (either larva or juvenile) -Hours_post_treatment = hours after
 hypoxia treatment at which time data were collected
 -Settlement_rate_percent = percentage of larvae settled on the final day
 of data collection (i.e., final/maximum settlement rate) #### Files 19 and
 20: Size\_data.xlsx and .csv These files are for data pertaining to larval
 and juvenile sizes as quantified via microscopy These files have headers,
 which include: -Species = species from which the data originate -Treatment
 = oxygen treatment to which larvae were exposed (either normoxia or
 hypoxia) -Cohort = cohort (i.e., group of larvae born at the same time)
 from which the data originate -Group = experimental treatment jar (i.e.,
 biological replicate) from which the data originate -Life_stage =
 developmental/life history stage of animals at time of data collection
 (either larva or juvenile) -Hours_post_treatment = hours after hypoxia
 treatment at which time data were collected -Size_mm = size of larvae
 (length) and juveniles (polyp diameter) as measured via microscopy ####
 Files 21 and 22: Swimming\_behavior\_data.xlsx and .csv These files are
 for data pertaining to larval swimming behavior immediately following the
 oxygen treatments, as quantified via imaging These files have headers,
 which include: -Species = species from which the data originate -Treatment
 = oxygen treatment to which larvae were exposed (either normoxia or
 hypoxia) -Cohort = cohort (i.e., group of larvae born at the same time)
 from which the data originate -Group = experimental treatment jar (i.e.,
 biological replicate) from which the data originate -Life_stage =
 developmental/life history stage of animals at time of data collection
 (either larva or juvenile) -Hours_post_treatment = hours after hypoxia
 treatment at which time data were collected
 -Larvae_in_water_column_percent = percentage of larvae actively swimming
 in the water column immediately at the conclusions of the treatment period
 #### Files 23 and 24: Symbiont\_density\_data.xlsx and .csv These files
 are for data pertaining to larval and juvenile symbiont density as
 quantified via flow cytometry These files have headers, which include:
 -Species = species from which the data originate -Treatment = oxygen
 treatment to which larvae were exposed (either normoxia or hypoxia)
 -Cohort = cohort (i.e., group of larvae born at the same time) from which
 the data originate -Group = experimental treatment jar (i.e., biological
 replicate) from which the data originate -Life_stage = developmental/life
 history stage of animals at time of data collection (either larva or
 juvenile) -Hours_post_treatment = hours after hypoxia treatment at which
 time data were collected -Symbiont_density_cells_ug_AFDW = number of
 symbiont cells within larvae or juveniles expressed as the number of cells
 per µg of ash-free dry weight #### Files 25 and 26:
 Treatment\_seawater\_conditions\_data.xlsx and .csv These files are for
 data pertaining to seawater conditions (e.g., temperature, etc.) within
 the jars used for the oxygen treatments These files have headers, which
 include: -Species = species from which the data originate -Treatment =
 oxygen treatment to which larvae were exposed (either normoxia or hypoxia)
 -Cohort = cohort (i.e., group of larvae born at the same time) from which
 the data originate -Group = experimental treatment jar (i.e., biological
 replicate) from which the data originate -Life_stage = developmental/life
 history stage of animals at time of data collection (either larva or
 juvenile) -Time_in_treatment_hours = time since the beginning of the
 treatment period expressed in hours -Temperature_C = seawater temperature
 as determined via a handheld probe expressed in °C -Salinity_ppt =
 seawater salinity as determined via a handheld probe expressed in parts
 per thousand (ppt) -Dissolved_oxygen_mg_L = seawater dissolved oxygen
 concentration as determined via a handheld probe expressed in mg per L of
 seawater #### Sharing/Access information Links to other publicly
 accessible locations of the data: * NA Data was derived from the following
 sources: * NA #### Code/Software #### Files 1 and 2: Hypoxia project
 code.Rmd and .pdf These files contain code (in Rmarkdown and PDF formats)
 that was used to analyze and generate plots of data. This code can be run
 using the .csv files.