cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.15156/bio/sh0188881.10fu
title: SH0188881.10FU

description: UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15235223
title: Differentiation of SH-SY5Y Cells into Cortical Neuron-like Cells for Tauopathy Modeling and Seeding Assays

description: 1) Source Data





Source Data Fig. 1c – Contains raw quantification data used in Figure 1c, showing the number of primary neurites and bifurcations per neuron under different differentiation conditions.




Source Data Fig. S3b – Contains raw ThT fluorescence readings for the Tau P301L aggregation assay presented in Figure S3b, tracking aggregation kinetics over time.



2) Blot Images





Full-length, uncropped blot images corresponding to those shown in the main and supplementary figures in the manuscript are provided. Where multiple proteins were analyzed from the same membrane, blots were sectioned prior to antibody probing. All presented images represent the full-length versions of the respective blot sections to ensure transparency and compliance with data integrity guidelines.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15235224
title: Differentiation of SH-SY5Y Cells into Cortical Neuron-like Cells for Tauopathy Modeling and Seeding Assays

description: 1) Source Data





Source Data Fig. 1c – Contains raw quantification data used in Figure 1c, showing the number of primary neurites and bifurcations per neuron under different differentiation conditions.




Source Data Fig. S3b – Contains raw ThT fluorescence readings for the Tau P301L aggregation assay presented in Figure S3b, tracking aggregation kinetics over time.



2) Blot Images





Full-length, uncropped blot images corresponding to those shown in the main and supplementary figures in the manuscript are provided. Where multiple proteins were analyzed from the same membrane, blots were sectioned prior to antibody probing. All presented images represent the full-length versions of the respective blot sections to ensure transparency and compliance with data integrity guidelines.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.uk3c6v
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Platyhelminthes",
 "DatasetKey is Inventaire de la réserve naturelle géologique de Saucats - La Brède-Inventaire entomologiques",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Geometry POLYGON ((-25.03991 31.75, 41.65954 31.75, 41.65954 71.53037, -25.03991 71.53037, -25.03991 31.75))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0211425-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.d43znq
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1051 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Leopardus tigrinus (Schreber, 1775)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1051 records from 117 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0230374-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ng8qwm
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 29886115 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "GadmGid is GBR",
 "License is one of (CC-BY 4.0, CC0 1.0)",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Aves"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 29886115 records from 267 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0005426-240202131308920/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.bjj6x8
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 11488 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Glossopteris A.T.Brongniart, 1828, Glossopteris (A.T.Brongniart) Sternberg, 1825, Glossopteris J.Agardh, 1898, Glossopteris Raf., Vertebraria Royle, 1839, Vertebraria J.F.Royle ex F.McCoy, 1847, Vertebraria Roussel, 1806, Botrychiopsis Kurtz, 1894, Sphenopteris (A.T.Brongniart) Sternberg, 1825, Pecopteris (A.T.Brongniart) Sternberg, 1825, Pecopteris Brongniart, 1822, Cordaicarpus Geinitz, 1862, Cordaicarpus A.C.Seward, 1917, Gangamopteris F.McCoy, 1875, Barakaroxylon Surange & Maithy, 1962, Chiropteris Kurr, 1845, Chiropteris J.G.Kurr ex H.G.Bronn, 1858, Phyllotheca A.T.Brongniart, 1828, Phyllotheca Nutt. ex Moq., 1849, Cordaites Unger, 1850, Stephanophyllites J.H.Millan & E.Dolianiti, 1980, Samaropsis Göppert, 1864)",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 11488 records from 31 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0256749-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8fwmfj
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 202 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Platyhelminthes",
 "DatasetKey is Water Framework Directive AGE, Recorder-Lux database",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Geometry POLYGON ((-25.03991 31.75, 41.65954 31.75, 41.65954 71.53037, -25.03991 71.53037, -25.03991 31.75))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 202 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0211420-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.szg8h6
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2092 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758), Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758)",
 "HasCoordinate is one of (true)",
 "Country is one of (Ukraine)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2092 records from 24 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0230376-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.csgkfw
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 445 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "DatasetKey is Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales \"Bernardino Rivadavia\" (MACN). Paleovertebrates National Collection (MACNPv)",
 "TaxonKey is Scelidotherium Owen, 1839"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 445 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007748-240425142415019/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ypezu4
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 5 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Platyhelminthes",
 "DatasetKey is RHS monitoring of native and naturalised plants and animals at its gardens and surrounding areas",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Geometry POLYGON ((-25.03991 31.75, 41.65954 31.75, 41.65954 71.53037, -25.03991 71.53037, -25.03991 31.75))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 5 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0211374-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.3g5gbf
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 69 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Gloxiniopsis racemosa (Benth.) Roalson & Boggan"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 69 records from 20 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0230377-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.7x5kxe
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Platyhelminthes",
 "DatasetKey is Système d'Information sur la Nature et les Paysages d'Ile de France - Données de la structure ONEMA/AFB provenant de la base de donnée du SINP Île-de-France CETTIA",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Geometry POLYGON ((-25.03991 31.75, 41.65954 31.75, 41.65954 71.53037, -25.03991 71.53037, -25.03991 31.75))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0211417-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.dbxvs7
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 8944 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "DatasetKey is iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
 "License is one of (CC0 1.0, CC-BY 4.0, CC-BY-NC 4.0)",
 "MediaType is Image",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Solidago canadensis L."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 8944 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0211418-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.k957w9
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1042 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((-20.18112 33.43066,15.18112 33.43066,15.18112 47.56934,-20.18112 47.56934,-20.18112 33.43066))",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Antirrhinum graniticum Rothm."
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1042 records from 49 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0264635-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.v8j4y6
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Arthropoda",
 "DatasetKey is Plateforme AUVERGNE-DREAL Auvergne-DREAL Auvergne - Autres - 2015",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Geometry POLYGON ((-25.03991 31.75, 41.65954 31.75, 41.65954 71.53037, -25.03991 71.53037, -25.03991 31.75))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0218038-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.rq9y8w
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 153 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Hieracium globosiflorum Pugsley"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 153 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0244473-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.sm7ta5
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 15 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Platyhelminthes",
 "DatasetKey is Isle of Man historical wildlife records 1990 to 1994",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "Geometry POLYGON ((-25.03991 31.75, 41.65954 31.75, 41.65954 71.53037, -25.03991 71.53037, -25.03991 31.75))"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 15 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0211435-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.f946p9
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 1595835 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Milvus migrans (Boddaert, 1783)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 1595835 records from 2556 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0244470-230224095556074/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.nwk49e
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 72 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Teucrium botrys",
 "Country is Sweden",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 72 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0029064-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.58zqk7
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 81 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Specimen)",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Euphorbia balbisii"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 81 records from 20 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0029065-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17218211
title: IODP Expedition 329 Microbial abundance (cell count)

description: Microbial abundances (cells/cm^3) determined by cell staining and direct counting with epifluorescence microscopy. Cell extraction was accomplished by a variety of different methods. Consult proceedings volume for more detail.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17218212
title: IODP Expedition 329 Microbial abundance (cell count)

description: Microbial abundances (cells/cm^3) determined by cell staining and direct counting with epifluorescence microscopy. Cell extraction was accomplished by a variety of different methods. Consult proceedings volume for more detail.
DOI: 10.48597/xv3y-s9vj
title: Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/y8fg-gwkx
title: Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/27gd-7yts
title: Precipitation_amount at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Precipitation_amount at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/5kb6-mn83
title: PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/9c56-4ah2
title: Measurement of Precipitation_amount at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Precipitation_amount at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/aefv-dqc4
title: Heavy metals at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Heavy metals at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/x4tf-zkrg
title: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/xnv8-n649
title: Heavy metals at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Heavy metals at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/n7rw-7bye
title: Measurement of Heavy metals at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Heavy metals at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/4w7u-m6ry
title: Measurement of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/5dxd-nvgr
title: Measurement of Heavy metals at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Heavy metals at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/yqua-tvke
title: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/cf37-9jxt
title: Measurement of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/ejau-rznv
title: Measurement of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/36wz-76tj
title: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/a8c9-57xc
title: Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/dsgh-8g23
title: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/khbk-t94g
title: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/pgza-fkme
title: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/y7n2-gcp5
title: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/9s7c-xg2v
title: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/e75y-ycd3
title: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/hcmx-k54p
title: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/ja9w-9ben
title: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/xpqy-qujy
title: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/4puc-zdd7
title: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/7cxf-xpbf
title: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/ahqg-bc33
title: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/f98v-t9u4
title: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/kj3b-cs7r
title: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/rpnw-8ntq
title: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/yeuu-hmq9
title: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/fmm4-ffbx
title: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/jfzp-kfhz
title: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/pdrq-3bes
title: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.15468/dl.ezedmy
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 91 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is China",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present",
 "TaxonKey is Sapindus mukorossi",
 "Year 1970-2025"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 91 records from 8 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0029066-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.48597/ss2j-snru
title: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.48597/tp6g-xnzx
title: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss

description: Measurement of Mercury at Auchencorth Moss
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15854729
title: Reciprocal effects of programmed cell death on fitness in unicellular endosymbiotic chlorella and its ciliate host

description: This uploaded content contains the data and R script information used to generate the figures for the following manuscript:

Title:

Reciprocal effects of programmed cell death on fitness in unicellular endosymbiotic chlorella and its ciliate host

Authors:

Santosh Sathe and Lutz Becks

Affiliation:

Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany

Contact:

Santosh Sathe (santosh.sathe@uni-konstanz.de)

A brief summary of the work:

The adaptive significance of programmed cell death (PCD), an active form of cellular suicide, is well understood in multicellular organisms, yet its evolutionary origins and function in unicellular life remain unresolved. In this study, we present experimental evidence that the unicellular endosymbiotic alga Chlorella variabilis and its ciliate host Paramecium bursaria both undergo PCD and this form of cell death is beneficial to their clonal populations and their endosymbiotic partners. Additionally, PCD in C. variabilis has detrimental effects on its predatory host, Paramecium duboscqui, while necrotic cell death generally proves harmful across the system. These results support the idea that PCD evolved as an adaptive trait early in endosymbiotic evolution, facilitating the development of mutualistic interactions between hosts and symbionts. Altogether, our findings deepen the understanding of PCD's functional role in unicellular organisms and its contribution to endosymbiosis evolution.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17224020
title: Reciprocal effects of programmed cell death on fitness in unicellular endosymbiotic chlorella and its ciliate host

description: This uploaded content contains the data and R script information used to generate the figures for the following manuscript:

Title:

Reciprocal effects of programmed cell death on fitness in unicellular endosymbiotic chlorella and its ciliate host

Authors:

Santosh Sathe and Lutz Becks

Affiliation:

Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany

Contact:

Santosh Sathe (santosh.sathe@uni-konstanz.de)

A brief summary of the work:

The adaptive significance of programmed cell death (PCD), an active form of cellular suicide, is well understood in multicellular organisms, yet its evolutionary origins and function in unicellular life remain unresolved. In this study, we present experimental evidence that the unicellular endosymbiotic alga Chlorella variabilis and its ciliate host Paramecium bursaria both undergo PCD and this form of cell death is beneficial to their clonal populations and their endosymbiotic partners. Additionally, PCD in C. variabilis has detrimental effects on its predatory host, Paramecium duboscqui, while necrotic cell death generally proves harmful across the system. These results support the idea that PCD evolved as an adaptive trait early in endosymbiotic evolution, facilitating the development of mutualistic interactions between hosts and symbionts. Altogether, our findings deepen the understanding of PCD's functional role in unicellular organisms and its contribution to endosymbiosis evolution.