DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14499350
title: Human marine pressures index for GreenFeedBack project

description: The product described here is a result of the EU-funded GreenFeedBack project (grant number 101056921)

The human marine pressures map shown in this repository is based on the publication by Halpern et al (2019). The represented pressures are similar to the publication, but using updated data sources where applicable. Sea surface temperature anomalies and sea level anomalies were updated using the Copernicus Marine Service data sources, while ocean acidification was expressed as the rescaled trend of pH (in absolute values) instead of the aragonite concentration that was shown in the original article. Fishing pressure was separated into the extractive pressures (net primary productivity and catch in tonnes) described in the publication and fishing vessel traffic, obtained as a density raster based on hourly AIS positions between January 2015 and February 2021. Fishing extractive pressures were represented as the maximum rescaled fishing pressures in every pixel across the six fishing categories described in Halpern et al (2019), and fishing AIS positions were rescaled to the 99.99th quantile to represent a 0 to 1 scale. Nutrient pollution and organic chemical pollution were left unmodified from Halpern et al (2019). Vessel data, including the aforementioned fishing AIS positions, were separated into fishing vessels, oil and gas vessels, passenger vessels, commercial vessels and leisure vessels using hourly AIS positions between January 2015 and February 2021 to create a density raster that was rescaled to the 99.99th quantile.

 

 






Pressure



Description



Data year



Rescaling (0 to 1)



Source



Metadata





Sea surface temperature



Sea surface temperature anomalies



2023



Raster value corresponding 99.99th quantile



Copernicus Marine Service



https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00016





Ocean acidification



Yearly pH trend



2023



Raster value corresponding 99.99th quantile



Copernicus Marine Service



https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00277





Sea level rise



Average sea level anomaly in the year 2023



2023



Raster value corresponding 99.99th quantile



Copernicus Marine Service



https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00148





Fishing



Total tonnes of catch and net primary productivity (NPP)



2013



Maximum value of the rescaled layers constituting the 6 fishing categories described in Halpern et al (2019)



Halpern et al (2019)



Article found in: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47201-9 and datasets:https://doi.org/10.5063/F12B8WBS





Nutrient pollution



Intensity of pollution from modeled plumes of land-based fertilizer pollution (Halpern et al. 2008), based on country level fertilizer use (UN 2016), land cover data (Friedle et al. 2010), and elevation data (USGS 2004)



2013



Raster value corresponding 99.99th quantile



Halpern et al (2019)



Article found in: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47201-9 and datasets:https://doi.org/10.5063/F12B8WBS





Organic chemical pollution



Intensity of pollution from modeled plumes of land-based pesticide pollution (Halpern et al. 2008), based on country level pesticide use (UN 2016), land cover data (Friedle et al. 2010), and elevation data (USGS 2004)



2013



Raster value corresponding 99.99th quantile



Halpern et al (2019)



Article found in: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47201-9 and datasets:https://doi.org/10.5063/F12B8WBS





Vessels: fishing



Density rasters based on hourly AIS positions between January 2015 and February 2021



January 2015 to February 2021



Raster value corresponding 99.99th quantile



World Bank Group Archives, Washington, D.C., United States



https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0037580/Global-Shipping-Traffic-Density





Vessels: oil and gas



Density rasters based on hourly AIS positions between January 2015 and February 2021



January 2015 to February 2021



Raster value corresponding 99.99th quantile



World Bank Group Archives, Washington, D.C., United States



https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0037580/Global-Shipping-Traffic-Density





Vessels: passenger ships



Density rasters based on hourly AIS positions between January 2015 and February 2021



January 2015 to February 2021



Raster value corresponding 99.99th quantile



World Bank Group Archives, Washington, D.C., United States



https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0037580/Global-Shipping-Traffic-Density





Vessels: commercial



Density rasters based on hourly AIS positions between January 2015 and February 2021



January 2015 to February 2021



Raster value corresponding 99.99th quantile



World Bank Group Archives, Washington, D.C., United States



https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0037580/Global-Shipping-Traffic-Density





Vessels: leisure



Density rasters based on hourly AIS positions between January 2015 and February 2021



January 2015 to February 2021



Raster value corresponding 99.99th quantile



World Bank Group Archives, Washington, D.C., United States



https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0037580/Global-Shipping-Traffic-Density





References

Halpern, B. S., Frazier, M., Afflerbach, J., Lowndes, J. S., Micheli, F., O’Hara, C., Scarborough, C., & Selkoe, K. A. (2019). Recent pace of change in human impact on the world’s ocean. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 11609. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47201-9