cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0065
title: Low-charge ammonia technology in North Ameriva, China, Japan and Europe.

description: Ammonia has been widely used as the refrigerant of choice in industrial refrigeration for more than a century; however, the technology used has not undergone any major changes during that time. With growing pressure to improve safety and increase energy efficiency, low charge ammonia systems in particular have been gaining popularity. While the concept of low charge is not new, it represents the leading disruptor in the traditional industrial refrigeration market. This new technology is also leading to ammonia being considered for applications where it has traditionally not been used, such as HVAC and food retail. This paper outlines the market, technology and policy trends for the low charge ammonia technology in Europe, North America, Japan and China, drawing conclusions from a global study on low charge ammonia. It will also propose a definition for what constitutes a “low charge” system, and an overview of case studies, indicating potential new markets for ammonia.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0007
title: Effects of door openings during deliveries in refrigerated transport.

description: Deliveries of products under temperature controlled in urban areas consume a large rate of energy. In distribution, doors openings during the unloading of the goods cause the infiltration of a significant heat load. This heat load is responsible of several indesirable phenomena, such as the condensation of water vapour and the production of frost on the walls and within the evaporator of the vehicle. The temperature inside the vehicle increases, differing from the required value for the proper transport of the perishable products and the cold chain may be compromised. The authors are interested in finding a dimensioning method for
refrigerated equipment involved in the distribution of perishable goods, including solutions for maintaining the quality of these products. The present paper is the first part of an experimental study of the influence of door openings on the recovery time of the refrigerated vehicle components. This experimental study is articulated in two different steps: the first step is related to a field test realized in Paris area, the second one concerns an experimental campaign carried out in the Cemafroid laboratory test station. The results of the field tests and the test methodology followed by the laboratory are presented in this paper.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0028
title: New type of energy efficient heat exchanger for indirectly cooled display cabinets. Laboratory and fields tests.

description: In this study, a completely new type of air-to-liquid heat exchanger, adapted for obtaining good heat transfer performance even at a laminar flow regime on the liquid side has been evaluated in a display cabinet application. The heat exchanger consists of parallel plates, with liquid in every second passage and air in the other passages. Tests were performed with a traditional open vertical display cabinet, first with a traditional finned-tube coil and thereafter with the new type of heat exchanger, both in a climate chamber and thereafter in the field. The results from both tests showed that the liquid inlet temperature could be increased by around 6°C, from the range -8°C - - 7°C with the traditional coil to the range -2°C - - 1°C with the new type of heat exchanger, which can lead to considerable energy savings and operation without the need for defrosting of the heat exchanger.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0040
title: Performance enhancement of a vapor-compression cycle with cold storage for freezer applications.

description: In this study, a modified vapor-compression refrigeration cycle with cold storage was proposed for applications in freezers. In the cycle, the phase change material (PCM) based cold storage is used to increase the subcooling degree for cycle performance enhancement. Theoretical evaluation for the proposed cycle using refrigerant R290 has been conducted based on thermodynamic first law. The results indicated that under a typical operation condition, the coefficient of performance and volumetric cooling capacity of the proposed cycle with the PCM subcooler were higher 5.8-25.1% and 5.5- 25.4%, respectively, in comparison with those of a conventional vapor-compression cycle. Furthermore, the effects of operating and design parameters on the cycle performance were discussed. This study indicates that the proposed cycle for freezer applications has the great potential to reduce energy consumption and guarantee food quality.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0046
title: Reduction of energy consumption by applying a new generation of CO2 compressors.

description: The development of transcritical CO2 systems in commercial refrigeration can be considered to be in a transition phase from cutting edge to state-of-the-art technology. However, the stress field of new developments is strong and characterized by challenging demands from the market: Further improvement of the annual energy efficiency, reduced system complexity and a decreased cost of ownership. One key to success in commercial refrigeration is the application of a new generation of energy efficient CO2 compressors in a so-called baseline system. The features of this highly efficient compressor range, which is called ECOLINE+, is explained in this paper. The European standard EN13215 is considered as the standard method for the evaluation of the annual energy efficiencies. A more complex and time consuming method to calculate the annual energy efficiency is to consider the prevailing climate, more specific load profiles , the system configuration, operating times and resulting operating conditions of the compressors applied. This work provides an analytical study of different methods to calculate the annual energy efficiency for the new compressor generation compared to the standard compressor range and discusses the results of the comparison. The work proves that the relative potential for savings of the new generation of compressors can be determined with the two different methods and is in the range of 13 % for the discussed compressor models.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0058
title: Experimental study on phase change cool storage of pinggu peach.

description: Pinggu peach is easy to soften and rot after being harvested. In order to prolong the storage period, the storage of cold storage of Pinggu peach has been studied by using a cool storage incubator. It compared sodium chloride coolant and without coolant. The 72h experiment has been carried out under the condition of 25℃ environmental temperature. The temperature measurement has been performed every 8h and sensory quality and biochemical indexes have been assessed every 24h. The results shows that the content of vitamin C decreased from 96mg/100g to 84mg/100g, down 12.5%; titratable acid content decreased from 0.58% to 0.47%, down 18.97%; the hardness decreased from 57N to 38N, down 33.33%; the content of soluble solids increased first and then decreased. Moreover, it has been found that the short-term storage effect of phase change storage for Pinggu peach was obvious. It has a meaningful reference for the development of Pinggu peach industry in Beijing Tanjing area.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0059
title: Optimization of quality and yield of stockfish by end-climatic controlled storage.

description: Stockfish is gutted and de-headed unsalted fish, and airdried outdoor by hanging on racks. Cod (Gadus morhua) is the high-quality stockfish product and is dominant in volume. After outdoor drying from March, the stockfish is taken down from the racks in May/June, and normally end-dried in traditional warehouses with open gates to the surrounding air. New warehouses with controlled temperature and humidity has been built, and optimal storage air parameters have been established. Industrial test has been performed over two seasons at seven industrial producers, with comparison of quality and yield at different warehouses. By using controlled temperature at 2-4°C and relative humidity at 88-90%, it was shown that the stockfish quality was higher and the sales weight of this high cost product increased by 5-10%, compared with traditional methods. Another consequence was increase in quality and yield after rehydration, which is beneficial for the customers. Technical aspects of the heat pump system in controlled warehouses is discussed.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0061
title: Field measurements of a R404A low-temperature supermarket refrigeration system retrofitted with R449A.

description: Current international regulations set incentives to replace refrigerants with high global warming potential (GWP) values using environmentally friendly alternatives. This study presents the field measurements of an indirect commercial refrigeration system retrofitted with R449A, an alternative to R404A with a GWP value of 1282 (67% lower than that of R404A). The system has been operated at low evaporation temperature conditions(secondary refrigerant temperatures from -34 to -25 ℃ ). The results indicate that the cooling capacity of the retrofitted system was 1.3% lower than that of the reference R404A system on average, while the COP values are higher when using R449A (8.1% increase on average). The compressor discharge temperature increase is approximately 18.5 K. As a conclusion, R449A can be used as a replacement to R404A in indirect low-temperature supermarket refrigeration systems given that implications of its higher compressor discharge temperature, lower mass flow and difference in transport properties are taken into consideration.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0003
title: Mapping of cold chain in Nepal

description: Many developing countries are still not well equipped with cold chain facilities. In this paper, a survey has been conducted to map the current cold chains of inNepal. Most of the cold chain practices in Nepal are found to be primitive or traditional. However, newer technologies and cold chain practices are introduced into the market in the form of display freezer, deep freezer, etc. While the unreliable supply of electricity and underdeveloped transportation are challenging, there is a potentially large market and several development possibilities. NARC (Nepal Agricultural Research Council) has done several research on locally suitable technologies for food preservation, such as solar fish drying. It is recommended that goals of cold chain development should be set and more detailed studies and analysis of available technologies, introduction of newer technologies as well as innovation should be conducted.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0022
title: Sustainable coating for improving shelf-life of fresh-cut 'big top' nectarine.

description: The effect of sustainable edible coatings (EC) on quality of fresh-cut Big Top nectarines (FCN) was evaluated. The processing was achieved by deboning, slicing and washing-disinfection (100 ppm NaClO).The EC applied were 0.5% nopal mucilage (NoMu), 0.5% grenetine (Gre); 0.5% NoMu + 0.25% Gre (NoMu-Gre), and Control (1% citric acid + 1% CaCl2), all of them added with 0.6% Tween 80 and 0.4% glycerol. The slices were packaged in microperforated polypropylene trays and stored during 9 days at 5°C. Physical-chemical quality attributes changes, weight loss and sensory analysis were monitored. The EC did not disturb the quality changes of FCN. Related to Control in general in EC treated slices the color was kept, the titratable acidity, softness and weight loss decreased, while the pH and soluble solids content increased. Panelists did not detect the EC. As conclusion, the EC, mainly NoMu-Gre, were able to reach 9 days at 5ºC of FCN shelf-life.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0036
title: Air distribution optimization of impingement freezer.

description: The impingement freezer is an emerging equipment to realize the quick freezing of foods. However, there are such problems as low outlet air velocity and high energy consumption in the existing impingement freezers. In this paper, the modifications are mainly focused on the slot outlet forms, fan types and arrangement. To find the outlet form with the highest outlet air velocity, some parameters of the existing slot outlets are optimized. Besides, axial flow fan and centrifugal fan are compared to acquire higher slot outlet air velocity, and the disturbance of fans is investigated by changing the fan rotation direction. As a result, the slot outlet velocity increased when the lower height of slot is reduced. Adding the fillet has little influence on the air velocity. Axial flow fan showed a great energy saving performance compared with the centrifugal fans. The flow field can be improved when two adjacent centrifugal fans rotate reversely rather than in the same direction.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0043
title: Experimental investigation of chilling tank for atlantic salmon.

description: Farmed salmon is a large export product from Norway. After the salmon is stunned and killed, it istransported to large tanks for bleeding, chilling and buffering before gutting and further processing. The temperature of the fish into the processing plant is varying, but it is necessary to cool down the fish fast, both to reduce bacterial growth and to maximize yield. In this paper, the chilling process in salmon specimens are investigated. The temperatures in both salmon and cooling water (RSW) were measured. All the fish was chilled by 1.0 to 3.2 °C during the stay in the tank. There are several possible reasons for the temperature variations. For examples varied the fish temperature into the tank from one test to another, the flow through the processing system varied (mainly because of technical issues in other parts) and the refrigeration system could not always provide RSW at the required temperatures. The main goal is to have more even and larger temperature differences, and to achieve that the focus should first be on the RSW system (both refrigeration system and the water pipes and components) and to ensure that it works properly.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0047
title: The comparison of experiment and CFD simulation in the heat pump system using thermobank and ejector cycle for heating room and cold storage.

description: This paper compares the CFD simulation and experimental results of the COS (condenser outlet split), DOS (diffuser outlet split) ejector refrigeration cycle with a standard ejector cycle. The system is investigated experimentally and CFD simulated under thermobank. The dimension L×W×H of cold storage is 3×1,6×1,4 m, thermobank is 600×300×400mm.The two phase ejector is used in system which the purpose increases in coefficient of performance (COP) and decrease in compressor displacement relative to a standard vapour compressor cycle.Nozzle with different Dnt and the adjustable ejector were also studied under different
conditions.The results ofCFD simulation showed that Dnt(diameter of motive nozzle) of 1mm and Dnm(diameter of mixing chamber) of 6mm yielded the best ejector efficiency and energy efficiency ratio. The COS and DOS ejector cycle are advantageous because of offering the potential for more than one evaporation temperature and it also do not include a liquid - vapour separator. When compared to standard cycle, the heat pump system using COS or DOS ejector cycle got maximum COP improvements of 24.5%
with experimental results.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0054
title: The study and analysis of the complete cooling dual-stage compression system in secondary throttling.

description: In order to probe into the secondary throttling the cool completely in the middle of the two-stage compression system running characteristic of under low temperature conditions, the evaporation temperature t0 = -20 ℃ , temperature of condensation temperature tk =30 ℃ ~50 ℃ condition, analysis the secondary throttling intermediate cycle characteristics of the cooling system completely, analysis showed that the evaporation pressure is constant, as the condensing temperature rising, condensing pressure and intermediate pressure increasing, the tendency of increase with the condensing pressure is higher than the pressure in the
middle of the trend, system COP and decreases with the increase of condensation temperature, high and low level flow ratio increases with the increase of condensation temperature and slow; Condensing pressure is constant, with the constant rise of evaporation, the evaporation pressure and intermediate pressure increasing, the system COP also increases with the increase of evaporation temperature, high and low level flow ratio increases with the evaporation temperature decreases slowly;
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0063
title: The evaluation of low GWP non-flammable refrigerant R407H for refrigeration as R404A alternative.

description: In order to suit for global HFCs regulations,R404A, which is one of the most widely used for commercial refrigeration globally, is going to require to be replaced in most of refrigeration applications due to its very high global warming potential (GWP). In this paper, some of refrigerants developed as alternative for R404A are introduced and make comparison withR404A in calculated and experimental way. According to the both comparison, COP of R407H is higher than that of R404A, especially in middle temperature. In addition, R407H shows high stability even in the strict condition compare to HFOs. Therefore, R407H can be one good alternative for R404A in terms of following four viewpoints; safety, environmental impact, energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0066
title: Energetic and exergetic investigation of a modified dual temperature transcritical refrigeration cycle with two cascade ejectors.

description: The present paper proposes a modified dual temperature CO2 transcritical refrigeration cycle. Two ejector and one expander is applied asexpansion devices to enhance the performance of the proposed dual ejector, dual temperature refrigeration system.Thermodynamic analysis using energetic and exergetic methods are carried out. Applicability of expander in dual ejector CO2 refrigeration cycle is analyzed on the basis of system performance parameters, namely COP, pressure ratios, entrainment ratios for various warm weather operating conditions like heat rejection pressure (8 MPa to 12 Mpa), heat rejection temperature (35°C to 50°C) and evaporator temperatures (-40°C to 0°C).Results show that modified dual ejector refrigeration cycle (MDERC) having expander, have better performance. In comparision with the dual ejector refrigeration cycle (DERC), the MDERC have 4.7% to 7.6% higher COP.The largest exergy destruction is found in the gas cooler, followed by ejectors. Exergy efficiency of MDERCis about 3.9% to 5.2% higher than DERC for the selected operating conditions.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0071
title: A study on the effect of the operating conditions on performance of CO2 hydrate cooling system for district cooling applications.

description: As one of the solutions to solve the global warming problem, Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technologies became a major research topic. Carbon dioxide (CO2) hydrate utilization technique is considered as a practical application of the captured carbon dioxide. In this study, the performance of the lab-scale CO2 hydrate cooling system is evaluated by the experiments with tetrahydrofuran(THF). The change of hydrate formation temperature by THF concentration variation and CO2hydrate formation
phenomenon during transition region are observed.It is found that the higher THF concentration the higher operating temperature is obtained. It is also found that CO2hydrate frost layer is generated after the hydrate formation, which causes the reduction of the heat transfer rate.
DOI: 10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0076
title: Exergic analysis of CO2 trans-critical refrigeration system with and without internal heat exchanger using experimental data.

description: This paper presents exergetic analysis of a CO2 trans-critical refrigeration system based on experimental data for warm weather condition up to 45oC.Results from configuration with and without internal heat exchanger (IHX) are compared for their performance at two different evaporator temperatures(0oC and -5oC) and gas cooler air flow velocity within range 1 m∙s-1 to 3 m∙s-1. The experimental results demonstrate the relative advantage of use of IHX for high ambient operation. For cycle with IHX, the maximum enhancement in exergy efficiency is found to be 5.05 % at 0oC evaporator temperature while the same is found 4.60 % at -5oC evaporator temperature. Component wise, compressor followed by gas cooler are found to have highest exergy destruction while that in IHXis found to bethe least.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1410834
title: Aggregated Frequencies Of Transcription Initiations Observed In Fantom5 Cage Data On Grch38, Including Alignments With Low Mapping Qualities

description: <strong>Overview</strong>

Aligned reads of the FANTOM5 CAGE data have been used after filtering (ones with mapping quality less than 20 or percent identity less than 85% were discarded) for general purpose, resulting in the data set consisting of only the reads aligned with confidence. The filtering process made possible to interpret the data without ambiguity, however it also limited interpretation of paralogous or duplicated regions within the genome. Here all of the 5'-ends of the CAGE read alignments, including the ones with low mapping quality, were counted. The counts in the individual profiles were aggregated and summed up. 

 

<strong>Special usage note</strong>

As noted above, this data derived from the alignments with low mapping qualities, as well as the ones with high mapping qualities. The result has to be examined very carefully: observations on the genome does not support transcription initiation with confidence, and even absence of such observation does not support silence of transcription with confidence. For example, file size on the forward strand is substantially larger than the one on the reverse strand, which is likely caused by an arbitrary preference of the alignment process. It does not mean transcription happens more frequently on the forward strand. Interpretation has to be made always in comparison with the standard data (BED files under http://fantom.gsc.riken.jp/5/datafiles/reprocessed/hg38_v4/basic/ or bigWig files under http://fantom.gsc.riken.jp/5/datahub/hg38/reads/).

 

<strong>Data files</strong>

The resulting data files are formatted as bigWig (https://genome.ucsc.edu/FAQ/FAQformat.html#format6.1). '*.fwd.bw' and '*.rev.bw' represent forward and reverse strand on the genome, respectively. 

 

<strong>Methods</strong>

The BAM files under http://fantom.gsc.riken.jp/5/datafiles/reprocessed/hg38_v4/basic/ were subjected to 5'-end counting by bedtools v2.27.1 (https://github.com/arq5x/bedtools2), followed by conversion into bigWig with jksrc v357 (http://hgdownload.cse.ucsc.edu/admin/).
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