cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.68k64mp
title: Data from: A Neognathodus-based biozonation of the Desmoinesian Series (Pennsylvanian) in the Illinois Basin, USA

description: The Neognathodus Index (NI) is developed as a primary biostratigraphic
 indicator for the Desmoinesian Series of the Illinois Basin in Indiana,
 Illinois and Kentucky. It is based on the gradual evolutionary morphotypic
 variations of P1 elements of named Neognathodus species. The NI analyses
 and zonations presented herein are constructed from 472 productive
 conodont samples from 105 different localities. NIs for the Illinois Basin
 show morphologic drift in Indiana from the Perth Limestone Member of the
 Staunton Formation (NI = 2.03) to the Velpen Limestone and Mecca Quarry
 Shale members of the Linton Formation (NI = 5.04) followed by stability
 through the Alum Cave (NI = 4.83). Further morphologic drift then occurred
 through the Providence Limestone Member of the Dugger Formation (NI =
 5.43) and continued through the West Franklin Limestone Member of the
 Shelburn Formation (NI = 6.32) until the extinction of Neognathodus at the
 end of Desmoinesian. The patterns of drift and stability translate to
 Neognathodus biozones, and are supported by Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests of
 standardized Neognathodus morphotype distributions. Localized Neognathodus
 Index variations are due to morphologic shifts and differential evolution
 in response to localized environmental conditions. Examination of the NI
 differences in the states of Illinois, Kentucky, and Indiana reflect
 similar morphologic simplification of the P1 element from Perth to Velpen
 and Mecca Quarry in Indiana (NI values 2.03–5.04) and from Seville to
 Brereton in Illinois and Kentucky (NI values 2.80–5.00). Post-Brereton in
 Illinois and Kentucky (NI values 5.00–5.65) and post-Providence in Indiana
 (NI values 5.43–6.32) saw progressive P1 simplification, but it was much
 more pronounced in Indiana.
description: Location coordinates for
 all localitiesExact location data for
 all studied specimens that were used in this study of Desmoinesian
 conodonts from the Illinois Basin in Indiana, Illinois and Kentucky. This
 list includes samples from the Perth and Holland Limestone members of the
 Staunton Formation (Rexroad et al., 1996; Rexroad et al., 1998); the Mecca
 Quarry Shale and Velpen Limestone members of the Linton Formation (Rexroad
 et al., 2001); the Springfield Coal Member of the Petersburg Formation
 (Rexroad, 1993); the Alum Cave Limestone (Brown et al., 2016), Bucktown
 Coal (Brown et al., 2013a), and Providence Limestone members (Brown et
 al., 1991) of the Dugger Formation; and the West Franklin Limestone Member
 of the Shelburn Formation (Brown and Rexroad, 2009).SuppmentaryData_Zimmerman.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.p65s2
title: Data from: Very high MHC Class IIB diversity without spatial differentiation in the Mediterranean population of Greater Flamingos

description: Background: Selective pressure from pathogens is thought to shape the
 allelic diversity of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes in
 vertebrates. In particular, both local adaptation to pathogens and gene
 flow are thought to explain a large part of the intraspecific variation
 observed in MHC allelic diversity. To date, however, evidence that
 adaptation to locally prevalent pathogens maintains MHC variation is
 limited to species with limited dispersal and, hence, reduced gene flow.
 On the one hand high gene flow can disrupt local adaptation in species
 with high dispersal rates, on the other hand such species are much more
 likely to experience spatial variation in pathogen pressure, suggesting
 that there may be intense pathogen mediated selection pressure operating
 across breeding sites in panmictic species. Such pathogen mediated
 selection pressure operating across breeding sites should therefore be
 sufficient to maintain high MHC diversity in high dispersing species in
 the absence of local adaptation mechanisms. We used the Greater Flamingo,
 Phoenicopterus roseus, a long-lived colonial bird showing a homogeneous
 genetic structure of neutral markers at the scale of the Mediterranean
 region, to test the prediction that higher MHC allelic diversity with no
 population structure should occur in large panmictic populations of
 long-distance dispersing birds than in other resident species. Results: We
 assessed the level of allelic diversity at the MHC Class IIB exon 2 from
 116 individuals born in four different breeding colonies of Greater
 Flamingo in the Mediterranean region. We found one of the highest allelic
 diversity (109 alleles, 2 loci) of any non-passerine avian species
 investigated so far relative to the number of individuals and loci
 genotyped. There was no evidence of population structure between the four
 major Mediterranean breeding colonies. Conclusion: Our results suggest
 that local adaptation at MHC Class IIB in Greater Flamingos is constrained
 by high gene flow and high MHC diversity appears to be maintained by
 population wide pathogen-mediated selection rather than local
 pathogen-mediated selection. Further understanding of how pathogens vary
 across space and time will be crucial to further elucidate the mechanisms
 maintaining MHC diversity in species with large panmictic populations and
 high dispersal rates.
description: MHC Class II Genotype
 data Greater FlamingoMHC Class IIB genoptype
 data of four Mediterranean breeding colonies: France, Spain, Algeria and
 TurkeyMHCClassIIGenotypeGreaterFlamingo.xlsx
DOI: 10.15468/dl.vrxsdn
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 2550 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "TaxonKey" : [
 "is Penthimia nigra"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 2550 records from 131 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001376-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.49m29
title: Data from: The activity of dung beetles increases foliar nutrient concentration in tropical seedlings

description: Dung beetles are extensively used as a focal taxon in tropical forests.
 Yet, information for most of their ecological functions comes from other
 systems. We present results from a field experiment in a tropical
 rainforest showing that dung beetle activity increases foliar phosphorus
 concentration in seedlings of the tree Brosimum lactescens. Our results
 open new lines of research to assess the multiple effects that dung
 beetles may have on rainforest plants.
description: Foliar concentration of
 nitrogen and phosphorusFoliar nutrient
 concentrations in Brosimum lactescens seedlings subject to three
 treatments: dung and dung beetle activity, dung without beetle activity,
 no dung.nitrogen&phosphorus.csvGrowth_6monthsNet growth in height and number of leaves, number of new leaves, and number of lost leaves, for Brosimum lactescens seedlings after six months.Growth_11monthsNet growth in height and number of leaves, number of new leaves, and number of lost leaves, for Brosimum lactescens seedlings after eleven months.survivalSurvival of Brosimum lactescens seedlings during a period of eleven months.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.061v7
title: Data from: The cascading pathogenic consequences of Sarcoptes scabiei infection that manifest in host disease

description: Sarcoptic mange, caused by the parasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei, causes a
 substantive burden of disease to humans, domestic animals, and wildlife,
 globally. There are many effects of S. scabiei infection, culminating in
 the disease which hosts suffer. However, major knowledge gaps remain on
 the pathogenic impacts of this infection. Here, we focus on the bare-nosed
 wombat host (Vombatus ursinus) to investigate the effects of mange on: (i)
 host heat loss and thermoregulation, (ii) field metabolic rates, (iii)
 foraging and resting behaviour across full circadian cycles, and (iv)
 fatty acid composition in host adipose, bone marrow, brain, and muscle
 tissues. Our findings indicate that mange infected V. ursinus lose more
 heat to the environment from alopecia affected body regions than healthy
 individuals. Additionally, mange infected individuals have higher
 metabolic rates in the wild. However, these metabolic demands are
 difficult to meet, since infected individuals spend less time foraging and
 more time inactive relative to their healthy counterparts, despite being
 outside of the burrow for longer. Lastly, mange infection results in
 altered fatty acid composition in adipose tissue, with increased amounts
 of omega-6 acids, and decreased amounts of omega-3 acids, a consequence of
 chronic cutaneous inflammation and inhibition of anti-inflammatory
 responses. These findings highlight the interactions of mange induced
 physiological and behavioural changes, and have implications for the
 treatment and rehabilitation of infected individuals.
description: Martin et al. -
 Quantifying heat loss in mange infected wombatsHeat loss (W/m2) from
 body regions affected by hair loss in mange infected
 wombats.Martin et al.
 data_Dryad.xlsx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2kt7s
title: Data from: Extensive variation at MHC DRB in the New Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri) provides evidence for balancing selection

description: Marine mammals are often reported to possess reduced variation of major
 histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes compared with their terrestrial
 counterparts. We evaluated diversity at two MHC class II B genes, DQB and
 DRB, in the New Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri, NZSL) a species that
 has suffered high mortality owing to bacterial epizootics, using Sanger
 sequencing and haplotype reconstruction, together with next-generation
 sequencing. Despite this species’ prolonged history of small population
 size and highly restricted distribution, we demonstrate extensive
 diversity at MHC DRB with 26 alleles, whereas MHC DQB is dimorphic. We
 identify four DRB codons, predicted to be involved in antigen binding,
 that are evolving under adaptive evolution. Our data suggest diversity at
 DRB may be maintained by balancing selection, consistent with the role of
 this locus as an antigen-binding region and the species’ recent history of
 mass mortality during a series of bacterial epizootics. Phylogenetic
 analyses of DQB and DRB sequences from pinnipeds and other carnivores
 revealed significant allelic diversity, but little phylogenetic depth or
 structure among pinniped alleles; thus, we could neither confirm nor
 refute the possibility of trans-species polymorphism in this group. The
 phylogenetic pattern observed however, suggests some significant
 evolutionary constraint on these loci in the recent past, with the pattern
 consistent with that expected following an epizootic event. These data may
 help further elucidate some of the genetic factors underlying the
 unusually high susceptibility to bacterial infection of the threatened
 NZSL, and help us to better understand the extent and pattern of MHC
 diversity in pinnipeds.
description: MHC DQB
 sequencesPhocarctos hookeri MHC
 class II B (MHC-DQB) gene, exon 2. From dead Phocarctos hookeri pups
 collected from the Auckland Islands.DQB seqs for Dryad
 upload.docx
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.866j4
title: Data from: Relatedness and resource diversity interact to influence the intensity of competition

description: When resource competition occurs between close relatives the negative
 effects of competition are potentially amplified. However, kin selection
 theory predicts that natural selection should promote the evolution of
 mechanisms that minimize the intensity of competition between kin.
 Experimental tests of these hypotheses are mixed, however. Moreover, there
 is little consensus regarding the generality of either outcome, suggesting
 that the conditions important in determining the effects of competition
 between kin are likely complex and not fully understood. We performed two
 experiments using spadefoot toad tadpoles (Spea multiplicata) to evaluate
 the hypothesis that individuals can minimize the negative effects of
 exploitative competition by using alternative resources when competing
 with close relatives. Supporting our hypothesis, we found that only when
 individuals had access to alternative resources were the negative effects
 of competition between siblings less than between unrelated competitors.
 We suggest that mechanisms to lessen kin competition may be more likely to
 evolve in environments where alternative resources are available, and that
 selection to minimize exploitative competition between kin may promote the
 evolution of resource polyphenism.
description: single resource sibling
 competition experimentsingle_resource_competition_exp.csvtwo_resource_compeition_exp
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8g678
title: Data from: Multiple evolutionary origins of Trypanosoma evansi in Kenya

description: Trypanosoma evansi is the parasite causing surra, a form of
 trypanosomiasis in camels and other livestock, and a serious economic
 burden in Kenya and many other parts of the world. Trypanosoma evansi
 transmission can be sustained mechanically by tabanid and Stomoxys biting
 flies, whereas the closely related African trypanosomes T. brucei brucei
 and T. b. rhodesiense require cyclical development in tsetse flies (genus
 Glossina) for transmission. In this study, we investigated the
 evolutionary origins of T. evansi. We used 15 polymorphic microsatellites
 to quantify levels and patterns of genetic diversity among 41 T. evansi
 isolates and 66 isolates of T. b. brucei (n = 51) and T. b. rhodesiense (n
 = 15), including many from Kenya, a region where T. evansi may have
 evolved from T. brucei. We found that T. evansi strains belong to at least
 two distinct T. brucei genetic units and contain genetic diversity that is
 similar to that in T. brucei strains. Results indicated that the 41 T.
 evansi isolates originated from multiple T. brucei strains from different
 genetic backgrounds, implying independent origins of T. evansi from T.
 brucei strains. This surprising finding further suggested that the
 acquisition of the ability of T. evansi to be transmitted mechanically,
 and thus the ability to escape the obligate link with the African tsetse
 fly vector, has occurred repeatedly. These findings, if confirmed, have
 epidemiological implications, as T. brucei strains from different genetic
 backgrounds can become either causative agents of a dangerous,
 cosmopolitan livestock disease or of a lethal human disease, like for T.
 b. rhodesiense.
description: Kamidi et al. 2017
 genotypes_GENEPOPGENEPOP format.
 Populations according to STRUCTURE results K=7 as described in Kamidi et
 al. 2017.DRYAD-GENEPOP-all-28Mar2017.txt
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5620vc8
title: Data from: Does habitat fragmentation promote climate-resilient phenotypes?

description: Understanding how individual differences in physiological performance
 modify behavioral responses to environmental variability and its fitness
 consequences is key to predicting the vulnerability of species and
 populations to environmental change. For many species, summit metabolic
 rate (M); the upper limit to heat production) and basal metabolic rate
 (BMR; the lower limit related to energy acquisition and processing) often
 constrain aspects of physiological performance and behavioral activity. We
 examined the relationship between metabolic phenotypes, foraging behavior,
 and survival in overwintering black-capped chickadees (Poecile
 atricapillus) inhabiting contiguous and fragmented forested landscapes. We
 found that birds with lower summit metabolic rates were generally more
 sensitive to winter weather and increased their use of supplemental
 feeding stations as ambient temperatures decreased. In highly fragmented
 forests, this relationship may have incurred strong survival consequences,
 as birds with lower summit metabolic rates were less likely to survive the
 winter season. Additionally, we found that chickadee populations
 persisting in fragmented landscapes were characterized by slightly higher
 thermogenic capacity (M) and lower maintenance metabolic costs (BMR). We
 conclude that habitat loss and fragmentation present unique selection
 pressures that alter the relationships between environmental variability,
 behavior and physiology, and result in context-specific fitness
 consequences
description: Metabolic Rate
 DataMetabolic rates,
 morphology, and summary statistics used in the
 publication.Metabolic_Rates_Oikos.xlsx
DOI: 10.15468/dl.xstqsh
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset listing the 804 species recorded in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Geometry POLYGON((2.1406 45.04688,2.14906 45.04666,2.15015 45.04793,2.15327 45.04793,2.15521 45.0452,2.15732 45.04216,2.1623 45.04014,2.16861 45.03804,2.17314 45.03366,2.17551 45.03078,2.17889 45.02909,2.18641 45.02901,2.19285 45.02812,2.19476 45.02732,2.19835 45.02644,2.19987 45.02724,2.20282 45.03578,2.20203 45.03873,2.20266 45.04176,2.20354 45.04248,2.20628 45.03623,2.20915 45.03638,2.20631 45.04251,2.20554 45.0436,2.20535 45.04491,2.20403 45.04719,2.20266 45.04871,2.20083 45.05142,2.19907 45.05414,2.19851 45.05789,2.19831 45.06024,2.19585 45.06418,2.19313 45.06468,2.18943 45.06838,2.1877 45.0685,2.18573 45.06986,2.18588 45.07462,2.18581 45.07542,2.18436 45.07622,2.18501 45.07753,2.18334 45.07767,2.17854 45.07702,2.1744 45.0776,2.17433 45.08,2.172 45.08145,2.16851 45.08059,2.16618 45.08109,2.16517 45.08197,2.16582 45.08298,2.16517 45.08429,2.16357 45.08516,2.16255 45.08458,2.16001 45.08422,2.15826 45.08487,2.15652 45.08626,2.1555 45.08509,2.15317 45.08466,2.15011 45.08325,2.14975 45.08296,2.14794 45.08245,2.14741 45.0832,2.14772 45.084,2.14785 45.08479,2.14666 45.0853,2.14609 45.08534,2.14502 45.08503,2.14395 45.08472,2.14277 45.0853,2.14277 45.08564,2.14258 45.0861,2.14193 45.08644,2.1414 45.08644,2.14109 45.08644,2.14086 45.08621,2.14048 45.08514,2.14014 45.08419,2.13972 45.08266,2.13818 45.08144,2.13697 45.08121,2.13449 45.08173,2.13282 45.08196,2.13155 45.08173,2.13098 45.08132,2.1308 45.08098,2.13109 45.08,2.1306 45.07837,2.1302 45.07788,2.12959 45.07744,2.12778 45.07703,2.12683 45.07697,2.12624 45.07642,2.12514 45.07448,2.12418 45.07421,2.12031 45.0728,2.12005 45.07186,2.12063 45.07042,2.12043 45.06923,2.11812 45.06858,2.11666 45.06943,2.11532 45.07124,2.11425 45.07156,2.11282 45.07094,2.11182 45.06957,2.11027 45.06846,2.10724 45.06799,2.10478 45.06706,2.10399 45.06639,2.10411 45.06393,2.10306 45.0627,2.10214 45.06235,2.10554 45.05725,2.11291 45.05287,2.11656 45.05004,2.12385 45.04931,2.13268 45.04769,2.13779 45.04793,2.1406 45.04688))",
 "OccurrenceStatus is Present"
 ]
}

 The dataset's 804 records were derived from 32 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001362-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9008g
title: Data from: Ocean acidification alters fish–jellyfish symbiosis

description: Symbiotic relationships are common in nature, and are important for
 individual fitness and sustaining species populations. Global change is
 rapidly altering environmental conditions, but, with the exception of
 coral–microalgae interactions, we know little of how this will affect
 symbiotic relationships. We here test how the effects of ocean
 acidification, from rising anthropogenic CO2 emissions, may alter
 symbiotic interactions between juvenile fish and their jellyfish hosts.
 Fishes treated with elevated seawater CO2 concentrations, as forecast for
 the end of the century on a business-as-usual greenhouse gas emission
 scenario, were negatively affected in their behaviour. The total time that
 fish (yellowtail scad) spent close to their jellyfish host in a choice
 arena where they could see and smell their host was approximately three
 times shorter under future compared with ambient CO2 conditions. Likewise,
 the mean number of attempts to associate with jellyfish was almost three
 times lower in CO2-treated compared with control fish, while only 63%
 (high CO2) versus 86% (control) of all individuals tested initiated an
 association at all. By contrast, none of three fish species tested were
 attracted solely to jellyfish olfactory cues under present-day CO2
 conditions, suggesting that the altered fish–jellyfish association is not
 driven by negative effects of ocean acidification on olfaction. Because
 shelter is not widely available in the open water column and larvae of
 many (and often commercially important) pelagic species associate with
 jellyfish for protection against predators, modification of the
 fish–jellyfish symbiosis might lead to higher mortality and alter species
 population dynamics, and potentially have flow-on effects for their
 fisheries.
description: Dryad data
 jellyfish-fish associationsupporting
 data
DOI: 10.15468/dl.w67syy
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3146 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "DatasetKey" : [
 "is Rodent occurrence in Georgia"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3146 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0001377-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5g18m
title: Data from: Tracking seed fates of tropical tree species: evidence for seed caching in a tropical forest in north-east India

description: Rodents affect the post-dispersal fate of seeds by acting either as
 on-site seed predators or as secondary dispersers when they scatter-hoard
 seeds. The tropical forests of north-east India harbour a high diversity
 of little-studied terrestrial murid and hystricid rodents. We examined the
 role played by these rodents in determining the seed fates of tropical
 evergreen tree species in a forest site in north-east India. We selected
 ten tree species (3 mammal-dispersed and 7 bird-dispersed) that varied in
 seed size and followed the fates of 10,777 tagged seeds. We used camera
 traps to determine the identity of rodent visitors, visitation rates and
 their seed-handling behavior. Seeds of all tree species were handled by at
 least one rodent taxon. Overall rates of seed removal (44.5%) were much
 higher than direct on-site seed predation (9.9%), but seed-handling
 behavior differed between the terrestrial rodent groups: two species of
 murid rodents removed and cached seeds, and two species of porcupines were
 on-site seed predators. In addition, a true cricket, Brachytrupes sp.,
 cached seeds of three species underground. We found 309 caches formed by
 the rodents and the cricket; most were single-seeded (79%) and seeds were
 moved up to 19 m. Over 40% of seeds were re-cached from primary cache
 locations, while about 12% germinated in the primary caches. Seed removal
 rates varied widely amongst tree species, from 3% in Beilschmiedia
 assamica to 97% in Actinodaphne obovata. Seed predation was observed in
 nine species. Chisocheton cumingianus (57%) and Prunus ceylanica (25%) had
 moderate levels of seed predation while the remaining species had less
 than 10% seed predation. We hypothesized that seed traits that provide
 information on resource quantity would influence rodent choice of a seed,
 while traits that determine resource accessibility would influence whether
 seeds are removed or eaten. Removal rates significantly decreased (p
 &lt; 0.001) while predation rates increased (p = 0.06) with seed size.
 Removal rates were significantly lower for soft seeds (p = 0.002), whereas
 predation rates were significantly higher on soft seeds (p = 0.01). Our
 results show that murid rodents play a very important role in affecting
 the seed fates of tropical trees in the Eastern Himalayas. We also found
 that the different rodent groups differed in their seed handling behavior
 and responses to changes in seed characteristics.
description: Secondary seed dispersal
 data