cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125228
title: Supplementary Material for: Serum microRNA-21 and microRNA-221 as Potential Biomarkers for Cerebrovascular Disease

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> MicroRNA miR-21, miR-221 and miR-145 have been implicated in the cardiovascular system. We aimed to compare the serum levels of the three microRNAs (miRNAs) in different severities of cerebrovascular diseases and evaluate the feasibility of using these miRNAs as biomarkers for stroke. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We enrolled 167 subjects with ischemic stroke, 66 atherosclerosis subjects with any carotid plaque score and 157 healthy controls. These three types of subjects represent three levels of severity in cerebrovascular diseases. Analysis of covariance was used to evaluate the relationship between miRNAs and disease severity with adjustment for conventional risk factors. To test the prediction for stroke, we built regression models containing the serum miRNA levels and risk factors. Prediction capabilities were compared by the receiver operating characteristic curves. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Stroke patients and atherosclerosis subjects had significantly higher miR-21 and lower miR-221 serum levels than healthy controls, while the miR-145 expression was too low to provide useful information in this regard. The best model showed that miR-21 and miR-221 were independent predictors. There was a 6.2-fold increase for stroke risk when miR-21 levels increase by log<sub>10</sub>2<sup>-ΔCt</sup> = 1, while a 10.4-fold increase was observed as miR-221 decreases by log<sub>10</sub>2<sup>-ΔCt</sup> = 1. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Serum miR-145 was not detected in over 50% of the patients and it may not be an ideal marker to predict stroke. MiR-21 and miR-221 are novel biomarkers for atherosclerosis and stroke.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125234.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Evaluations of the Selectivities of the Diacylglycerol Kinase Inhibitors R59022 and R59949 Among Diacylglycerol Kinase Isozymes Using a New Non-Radioactive Assay Method

description: Ten mammalian diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) isozymes (a-γ) have been identified. Recent studies have revealed that DGK isozymes play pivotal roles in a wide variety of pathophysiological functions. Thus, it is important to be able to easily check DGK activity in each pathophysiological event. Moreover, the conventional DGK assay is quite laborious because it requires the use of a radioisotope and thin-layer chromatography including multiple extraction steps. In order to minimize the laborious procedures, we established a non-radioactive, single well, two-step DGK assay system. We demonstrated that, compared to the conventional method, the new assay system has comparable sensitivity and much higher efficiency, and is effective in detecting potential agents with high reliability (Z'-factor = 0.69 ± 0.12; n = 3). Using the newly developed assay, we comprehensively evaluated the DGK isozyme selectivities of commercially available DGK inhibitors, R59022 and R59949, in vitro. We found that among 10 isozymes, R59022 strongly inhibited type I DGKa and moderately attenuated type III DGKe and type V DGKθ, and that R59949 strongly inhibited type I DGK a and γ, and moderately attenuated type II DGK d and γ.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125240.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Clinical Characteristics of C9ORF72-Linked Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration

description: <b><i>Background:</i></b> The most common genetic cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been linked to a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the <i>C9ORF72</i> gene. The frequency of the <i>C9ORF72</i> expansion in Finland is among the highest in the world. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We assessed 73 Finnish patients with FTLD in order to examine the clinical characteristics associated with the expanded <i>C9ORF72</i>. Demographic and clinical features were evaluated. As a potential disease modifier, the apolipoprotein E <i>(APOE)</i> genotype was also assessed. Neuropathological analysis was available on 2 expansion carriers and 1 non-carrier. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The <i>C9ORF72</i> expansion was present in 20 of 70 (29%) probands. Significant associations with the <i>C9ORF72</i> expansion were observed for concomitant ALS and positive family history of dementia or ALS. Psychoses were detected in both carriers and non-carriers (21 vs. 10%, p = 0.25). The <i>APOE</i> ε4 allele did not cluster among expansion carriers. Numerous p62-positive neuronal inclusions were detected in the cerebellar cortex of the 2 expansion carriers. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In line with the suggested <i>C9ORF72</i> core phenotype, we also detected a high frequency of neuropsychiatric symptoms; however, these symptoms seem not be specific to <i>C9ORF72</i>-associated FTLD. FTLD should be considered in cases of middle-age-onset psychosis.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125216
title: Supplementary Material for: Change in Proportional Protein Intake in a 10-Week Energy-Restricted Low- or High-Fat Diet, in Relation to Changes in Body Size and Metabolic Factors

description: <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To investigate in a secondary analysis of a randomised trial the effects of a low-/high-fat diet and reported change from baseline in energy% from protein (prot%), in relation to changes in body size and metabolic factors. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Obese adults (n = 771) were randomised to a 600 kcal energy-deficient low-fat (20-25 fat%) or high-fat (40-45 fat%) diet over 10 weeks. Dietary intake data at baseline and during the intervention were available in 585 completers. We used linear regression to calculate the combined effects of randomised group and groups of prot% change (2) on outcomes. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The low-fat group with &gt;2 prot% increase lost 1.1 kg more weight (p = 0.03) and reduced cholesterol by 0.25 mmol/l more (p = 0.003) than the high-fat group with &gt;2 prot% decrease. These differences were 2.5-fold and 1.8-fold greater than the differences between the low-fat and high-fat groups while not considering prot% change. The high-fat group reduced plasma triglycerides more than the low-fat group, but not compared to those in the low-fat group with &gt;2 units prot% increase (p fat-protein interaction = 0.01). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Under energy restriction, participants on a low-fat diet who had increased the percentage energy intake from protein showed the greatest reduction in weight and cholesterol, and a triglyceride reduction equally large to that of participants on a high-fat diet.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125219
title: Supplementary Material for: Estimating the Range of Obesity Treatment Response Variability in Humans: Methods and Illustrations

description: <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> The rising prevalence of human obesity worldwide has focused research on a variety of interventions that result in highly varied degrees of weight loss (WL). The advent of genomic testing has quantified estimates of both the contribution of genetic factors to the development of obesity as well as racial/ethnic variation of risk alleles across subpopulations. More recent studies have examined genetic associations with effectiveness of WL interventions, but to date are unable to explain a large proportion of the variance observed. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We describe and provide two illustrations of statistical methods to estimate upper and lower bounds of WL treatment response heterogeneity (TRH) in the absence of genotypic data, using published summary statistics and a raw data set from WL studies. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Thirty-two studies had some evidence of a positive mean treatment effect with respect to the control intervention. Twelve of these 32 studies reported WL TRH. Of these 12, 3 demonstrated an estimated proportion of &gt;5% of the sampled population having an outcome opposite the mean effect. In the raw data set, bounds estimations for change in waist circumference revealed tighter ranges in men than women. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Future studies may be able to take advantage of multiple approaches, including the method we describe, to identify and quantify the presence of TRH in studies of WL or related outcomes.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125222
title: Supplementary Material for: The Positive Association of Obesity Variants with Adulthood Adiposity Strengthens over an 80-Year Period: A Gene-by-Birth Year Interaction

description: <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To test the hypothesis that the statistical effect of obesity-related genetic variants on adulthood adiposity traits depends on birth year. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The study sample included 907 related, non-Hispanic White participants in the Fels Longitudinal Study, born between 1901 and 1986, and aged 25-64.99 years (474 females; 433 males) at the time of measurement. All had both genotype data from which a genetic risk score (GRS) composed of 32 well-replicated obesity-related common single nucleotide polymorphisms was created, and phenotype data [including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and the sum of four subcutaneous skinfolds]. Maximum likelihood-based variance components analysis was used to estimate trait heritabilities, main effects of GRS and birth year, GRS-by-birth year interaction, sex, and age. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Positive GRS-by-birth year interaction effects were found for BMI (p &lt; 0.001), waist circumference (p = 0.007), and skinfold thickness (p &lt; 0.007). For example, each one-allele increase in GRS was estimated to result in a 0.16 increase in BMI among males born in 1930 compared to a 0.47 increase among those born in 1970. <b><i>Conclusions: </i></b>These novel findings suggest the influence of common obesity susceptibility variants has increased during the obesity epidemic.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125225
title: Supplementary Material for: Der schematherapeutische Moduszirkel in der verhaltenstherapeutischen Supervision

description: <b><i>Zusammenfassung</i></b><b><i>Hintergrund: </i></b>Ein wesentlicher Gegenstand der Supervision ist die Reflexion der Beziehung zwischen Therapeut und Patient, die ein Konzept zur übersichtlichen Erfassung der jeweiligen Persönlichkeitsstruktur und deren Interaktion erfordert. Die Moduslandkarte ist eine solche Konzeptualisierung, und in einem Moduszirkel-Memo lässt sich eine Interaktionssequenz kompakt analysieren und konstruktiv auflösen. <b><i>Methode: </i></b>In diesem Beitrag wird das Konstrukt des Moduszirkels herausgelöst aus seinem schematherapeutischen Hintergrund als allgemeinpsychologisches Konstrukt dargestellt. Dabei wird skizziert, wie es in eine verhaltenstherapeutische Ausbildungssupervision eingebaut werden kann. Mögliche Moduszirkel werden beschrieben und Auswirkungen auf die Supervisionsarbeit sowie Grenzen zur Selbsterfahrung herausgearbeitet. <b><i>Ergebnisse: </i></b>Dieses Vorgehen kann den Supervisanden einen minimalen Zugang zur motivationalen Ebene der Patienten gewähren und eine motivorientierte Beziehungsgestaltung ermöglichen, anstatt sich in Moduszirkeln auf der Bewältigungsebene verstricken zu lassen. <b><i>Schlussfolgerung: </i></b>Die Verwendung der Moduslandkarte und des Moduszirkel-Memo kann die verhaltenstherapeutische Supervision im Sinne einer minimalen vertikalen Verhaltensanalyse erweitern, das therapeutische Verhältnis zwischen Arzt und Patient verbessern und zur Vermeidung dysfunktionaler therapeutischer Interaktionen beitragen.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125213
title: Supplementary Material for: Sexual Dimorphism of the Electrosensory System: A Quantitative Analysis of Nerve Axons in the Dorsal Anterior Lateral Line Nerve of the Blue-Spotted Fantail Stingray <b><i>(Taeniura lymma)</i></b>

description: Quantitative studies of sensory axons provide invaluable insights into the functional significance and relative importance of a particular sensory modality. Despite the important role electroreception plays in the behaviour of elasmobranchs, to date, there have been no studies that have assessed the number of electrosensory axons that project from the peripheral ampullae to the central nervous system (CNS). The complex arrangement and morphology of the peripheral electrosensory system has a significant influence on its function. However, it is not sufficient to base conclusions about function on the peripheral system alone. To fully appreciate the function of the electrosensory system, it is essential to also assess the neural network that connects the peripheral system to the CNS. Using stereological techniques, unbiased estimates of the total number of axons were obtained for both the electrosensory bundles exiting individual ampullary organs and those entering the CNS (via the dorsal root of the anterior lateral line nerve, ALLN) in males and females of different sizes. The dorsal root of the ALLN consists solely of myelinated electrosensory axons and shows both ontogenetic and sexual dimorphism. In particular, females exhibit a greater abundance of electrosensory axons, which may result in improved sensitivity of the electrosensory system and may facilitate mate identification for reproduction. Also presented are detailed morphological data on the peripheral electrosensory system to allow a complete interpretation of the functional significance of the sexual dimorphism found in the ALLN.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125225.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Der schematherapeutische Moduszirkel in der verhaltenstherapeutischen Supervision

description: <b><i>Zusammenfassung</i></b><b><i>Hintergrund: </i></b>Ein wesentlicher Gegenstand der Supervision ist die Reflexion der Beziehung zwischen Therapeut und Patient, die ein Konzept zur übersichtlichen Erfassung der jeweiligen Persönlichkeitsstruktur und deren Interaktion erfordert. Die Moduslandkarte ist eine solche Konzeptualisierung, und in einem Moduszirkel-Memo lässt sich eine Interaktionssequenz kompakt analysieren und konstruktiv auflösen. <b><i>Methode: </i></b>In diesem Beitrag wird das Konstrukt des Moduszirkels herausgelöst aus seinem schematherapeutischen Hintergrund als allgemeinpsychologisches Konstrukt dargestellt. Dabei wird skizziert, wie es in eine verhaltenstherapeutische Ausbildungssupervision eingebaut werden kann. Mögliche Moduszirkel werden beschrieben und Auswirkungen auf die Supervisionsarbeit sowie Grenzen zur Selbsterfahrung herausgearbeitet. <b><i>Ergebnisse: </i></b>Dieses Vorgehen kann den Supervisanden einen minimalen Zugang zur motivationalen Ebene der Patienten gewähren und eine motivorientierte Beziehungsgestaltung ermöglichen, anstatt sich in Moduszirkeln auf der Bewältigungsebene verstricken zu lassen. <b><i>Schlussfolgerung: </i></b>Die Verwendung der Moduslandkarte und des Moduszirkel-Memo kann die verhaltenstherapeutische Supervision im Sinne einer minimalen vertikalen Verhaltensanalyse erweitern, das therapeutische Verhältnis zwischen Arzt und Patient verbessern und zur Vermeidung dysfunktionaler therapeutischer Interaktionen beitragen.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125207
title: Supplementary Material for: Changes in <b><i>Candida</i></b> spp., Mutans Streptococci and Lactobacilli following Treatment of Early Childhood Caries: A 1-Year Follow-Up

description: Early childhood caries (ECC) is closely related to high numbers of mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and <i>Candida albicans</i>. Oral colonization of these microorganisms was monitored in a prospective clinical study in order to investigate the effect of comprehensive treatment under general anesthesia and the sustainability of microbial changes. Saliva samples were collected from 50 healthy infants with ECC before and in regular intervals up to 12 months after treatment. Microorganisms were detected by cultivation on selective agars (CRT® bacteria and Sabouraud/CandiSelect™) and scored. Additionally, plaque on upper front teeth and the dmft were recorded. Parents were repeatedly interviewed regarding the children's diet and oral hygiene, accompanied by corresponding advice. Plaque frequency and the numbers of mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and yeasts were significantly reduced as a result of treatment (p &lt; 0.0001, Wilcoxon test). Nevertheless, this effect was not permanent. An ordinal regression model on the follow-up period revealed that the odds for bacteria and yeasts to reach a higher score increased linearly over time (p &lt; 0.01) with an odds ratio of 2.244 per year. One third (34%) of the children developed new dentinal lesions within 1 year postoperatively. High scores of lactobacilli before treatment predicted caries relapse (p &lt; 0.05). Nutritional and oral hygiene habits changed only slightly despite advising. Elimination and restoration of ECC lesions under general anesthesia proved to be an effective procedure in reducing cariogenic bacteria and yeasts. A satisfactory and sustainable success, however, could be achieved neither regarding microbiologic parameters nor with respect to the relapse rate. More suitable strategies are needed.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125210
title: Supplementary Material for: Oral Health Disparities of Children among Southeast Asian Immigrant Women in Arranged Transnational Marriages in Taiwan

description: This study assessed the oral health disparities and oral health care needs of children whose parents are Southeast Asian immigrant women in arranged transnational marriages. We used the baseline data of the Lay Health Advisor Approach to Promote Oral Health Program (LHA-POHP) to explore the disparities in oral health between immigrant and native children, and the factors associated with their oral health. A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted to collect data from mothers and their preschool children in Southern Taiwan in 2011. A total of 590 (440 natives, 150 immigrants) children aged 4-6 years and their mothers completed the questionnaire and oral examination. Multiple regression models were used to analyze the association between children's oral health and their related factors. The caries index was 6.05 in immigrant children and 3.88 in native children (p &lt; 0.001). The caries prevalence of maxillary anterior teeth in the labial surfaces was higher among immigrants, ranging from 14.7 to 22%. The factor associated with children's caries index was maternal tooth brushing frequency (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 8.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.95-41.05). When the mothers did not direct children to brush teeth after eating sweets, their children were more likely to have decayed teeth (aOR = 3.54, 95% CI 1.04-12.03). Children's filled teeth were related to their dental regular check-ups (aOR = 2.28, 95% CI 1.26-4.10). Disparities in oral health among immigrant and native children were observed. The findings suggest that culturally adequate oral health promotion intervention programs should be implemented for immigrants.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125204
title: Supplementary Material for: A Tissue-Dependent Hypothesis of Dental Caries

description: Current understanding of dental caries considers this disease a demineralization of the tooth tissues due to the acid produced by sugar-fermenting microorganisms. Thus, caries is considered a diet- and pH-dependent process. We present here the first metagenomic analysis of the bacterial communities present at different stages of caries development, with the aim of determining whether the bacterial composition and biochemical profile are specific to the tissue affected. The data show that microbial composition at the initial, enamel-affecting stage of caries is significantly different from that found at subsequent stages, as well as from dental plaque of sound tooth surfaces. Although the relative proportion of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> increased from 0.12% in dental plaque to 0.72% in enamel caries, <i>Streptococcus mitis</i> and <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> were the dominant streptococci in these lesions. The functional profile of caries-associated bacterial communities indicates that genes involved in acid stress tolerance and dietary sugar fermentation are overrepresented only at the initial stage (enamel caries), whereas other genes coding for osmotic stress tolerance as well as collagenases and other proteases enabling dentin degradation are significantly overrepresented in dentin cavities. The results support a scenario in which pH and diet are determinants of the disease during the degradation of enamel, but in dentin caries lesions not only acidogenic but also proteolytic bacteria are involved. We propose that caries disease is a process of varying etiology, in which acid-producing bacteria are the vehicle to penetrate enamel and allow dentin degrading microorganisms to expand the cavity.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5125207.v1
title: Supplementary Material for: Changes in <b><i>Candida</i></b> spp., Mutans Streptococci and Lactobacilli following Treatment of Early Childhood Caries: A 1-Year Follow-Up

description: Early childhood caries (ECC) is closely related to high numbers of mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and <i>Candida albicans</i>. Oral colonization of these microorganisms was monitored in a prospective clinical study in order to investigate the effect of comprehensive treatment under general anesthesia and the sustainability of microbial changes. Saliva samples were collected from 50 healthy infants with ECC before and in regular intervals up to 12 months after treatment. Microorganisms were detected by cultivation on selective agars (CRT® bacteria and Sabouraud/CandiSelect™) and scored. Additionally, plaque on upper front teeth and the dmft were recorded. Parents were repeatedly interviewed regarding the children's diet and oral hygiene, accompanied by corresponding advice. Plaque frequency and the numbers of mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and yeasts were significantly reduced as a result of treatment (p &lt; 0.0001, Wilcoxon test). Nevertheless, this effect was not permanent. An ordinal regression model on the follow-up period revealed that the odds for bacteria and yeasts to reach a higher score increased linearly over time (p &lt; 0.01) with an odds ratio of 2.244 per year. One third (34%) of the children developed new dentinal lesions within 1 year postoperatively. High scores of lactobacilli before treatment predicted caries relapse (p &lt; 0.05). Nutritional and oral hygiene habits changed only slightly despite advising. Elimination and restoration of ECC lesions under general anesthesia proved to be an effective procedure in reducing cariogenic bacteria and yeasts. A satisfactory and sustainable success, however, could be achieved neither regarding microbiologic parameters nor with respect to the relapse rate. More suitable strategies are needed.