cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7516823.v1
title: Comparative characterization of humic substances extracted from freshwater and peat of different apparent molecular sizes

description: Abstract This paper compares the structural characteristics of aquatic humic substances (AHS) with humic substances from peat (HSP) through different analytical techniques, including elemental analysis, solid state 13C cross polarization/magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C CP-MAS NMR), ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and total organic carbon (TOC). The AHS were extracted from water collected in a tributary of the Itapanhaú River (Bertioga/SP) using XAD 8 resin, and the HSP were extracted from peat collected in the Mogi Guaçu River bank (Luis Antonio/SP) with a KOH solution. After dialysis, both AHS and HSP extracts were filtered in membrane of 0.45 µm pore size (Fraction F1: &lt; 0.45 µm) and fractioned by ultrafiltration in different apparent molecular sizes (AMS) (F2: 100 kDa-0.45 μm; F3: 30 kDa-100 kDa and F4: &lt; 30 kDa). The extracts with the lowest AMS (F3 and F4) showed a higher number of aliphatic carbons than aromatic carbons, a higher concentration of groups containing oxygen and a higher percentage of fulvic acids (FA) than humic acids (HA) for both AHS and HSP. However, the AHS presented higher FA than HA content in relation to the HSP and distinct structural properties.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7508927
title: Socioeconomic and environmental risks in municipalities bathed by tributaries of the Amazon River

description: Abstract Municipalities in the Amazon are constantly affected by droughts and floods, and these socioeconomic and environmental risks mainly affect the local population. These precipitation extremes cause severe changes in rivers' hydrology, on both a temporal and a spatial scale. The intended objective of this study therefore was to determine the socioeconomic and environmental risk of municipalities affected by the tributaries and by the main channel of the Amazon River in relation to extreme precipitation events. We used monthly and annual precipitation data from 1982 to 2012 and social data from 2010 (urban, elderly, female and child populations, income and education level) for 47 localities in the Amazon Basin. We concluded that the risk was highest during flood events, particularly in smaller states (Acre and Roraima), and that vulnerability was greater in larger states (Amazonas and Pará). However, the population in the municipalities along the Amazon River have moderate to very strong socioeconomic and environmental risk because of the vulnerability associated with high urbanization and poverty, and threat of floods and droughts ranging from moderate to high.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7508927.v1
title: Socioeconomic and environmental risks in municipalities bathed by tributaries of the Amazon River

description: Abstract Municipalities in the Amazon are constantly affected by droughts and floods, and these socioeconomic and environmental risks mainly affect the local population. These precipitation extremes cause severe changes in rivers' hydrology, on both a temporal and a spatial scale. The intended objective of this study therefore was to determine the socioeconomic and environmental risk of municipalities affected by the tributaries and by the main channel of the Amazon River in relation to extreme precipitation events. We used monthly and annual precipitation data from 1982 to 2012 and social data from 2010 (urban, elderly, female and child populations, income and education level) for 47 localities in the Amazon Basin. We concluded that the risk was highest during flood events, particularly in smaller states (Acre and Roraima), and that vulnerability was greater in larger states (Amazonas and Pará). However, the population in the municipalities along the Amazon River have moderate to very strong socioeconomic and environmental risk because of the vulnerability associated with high urbanization and poverty, and threat of floods and droughts ranging from moderate to high.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7514852
title: Occurrence of the invasive mollusc Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) in different aquatic systems of the Sorocaba River Basin, Brazil

description: Abstract There are few surveys in Brazil of the presence of the gastropod Melanoides tuberculate (Müller, 1774). Invasive mollusks pose a major threat to native species as a result of their aggressive competition for habitat use and various resources. Native to Asia and Africa, Melanoides tuberculata was introduced to Brazil in the 1960’s. Recent studies have discussed the importance of conducting further research on the spatial distribution of this species and its possible impact on biodiversity. Sampling was conducted from June 2013 to August 2014, and a total of 522 individuals was recorded; 67% of these were found in the Rio Verde River, located in the buffer zone of the Ipanema National Forest. The results showed that this species may be widely distributed in the basin, especially in places with sandy soil, degraded riparian zones, and areas where sewage is discharged. It is important to note the correlation of the distribution with higher water temperatures, which may be related to the absence of shading of riparian forests. Control of the proliferation of this species, which has a high attack potential, must be accomplished by improving quality of the aquatic environment, since eradication by physical removal is unfeasible.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.7514852.v1
title: Occurrence of the invasive mollusc Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) in different aquatic systems of the Sorocaba River Basin, Brazil

description: Abstract There are few surveys in Brazil of the presence of the gastropod Melanoides tuberculate (Müller, 1774). Invasive mollusks pose a major threat to native species as a result of their aggressive competition for habitat use and various resources. Native to Asia and Africa, Melanoides tuberculata was introduced to Brazil in the 1960’s. Recent studies have discussed the importance of conducting further research on the spatial distribution of this species and its possible impact on biodiversity. Sampling was conducted from June 2013 to August 2014, and a total of 522 individuals was recorded; 67% of these were found in the Rio Verde River, located in the buffer zone of the Ipanema National Forest. The results showed that this species may be widely distributed in the basin, especially in places with sandy soil, degraded riparian zones, and areas where sewage is discharged. It is important to note the correlation of the distribution with higher water temperatures, which may be related to the absence of shading of riparian forests. Control of the proliferation of this species, which has a high attack potential, must be accomplished by improving quality of the aquatic environment, since eradication by physical removal is unfeasible.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5695801
title: Energy management: a synthesis of scientific publications on biodigestion for waste management

description: Abstract Environmentally friendly options for waste disposal and the need for expansion and diversification of the national and international energy matrix are relevant issues today. One technique that supports these goals is anaerobic biodigestion, which generates clean energy from biomass. Accordingly, our goal was to perform a quantitative and qualitative assessment of scientific publications on biodigestion in order to understand the evolution of the technique, which is essential for environmental and economic sustainability. Ninety-nine articles indexed in the Scientific Electronic Library Online between 1980 and 2015 were evaluated. The results showed a significant increase in scientific publications since 2000 which addressed, in addition to environmentally friendly waste management, the energy issue, with the use of biogas. This increase in the number of publications coincides with increased awareness on natural resource management and concern about global energy management. Most of the articles involved a general evaluation of the process, using mainly animal waste from pigs, and emphasizing biodigestion as waste management, since pig farming produces a large volume of waste and has a high environmental impact.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696245
title: Management of phosphorus in water: case study of the Tietê River, Brazil

description: Abstract Strategies for managing phosphorus in the environment have been considered to be of great significance. In light of debates about protecting water resources, tools for recovering and recycling phosphorus are being assessed, with the aim of guaranteeing the sustainability of natural reserves. This study discusses phosphorus dynamics in the environment and measures geared towards the management of its presence in water. In order to illustrate the situation in Brazil, we present an assessment of the size of the potential phosphorus load that is discharged daily into the Tietê River, State of São Paulo, by the urban population living in its basin. Due to its replacement in powdered detergents, the results showed a potential reduction in the amount of phosphorus discharged into the Tietê of about 11.7 t day-1. The size of the potential phosphorus load that might be recovered from sewage sludge shows a scenario of great potential for re-using and recycling in agricultural areas, as long as the necessary care is taken regarding safety and environmental protection. Management methodologies, such as Cleaner Production (CP) techniques, are important tools for controlling water pollution, as they contribute to the reduction of phosphorus emissions. They can therefore improve the perception producers and consumers have of this issue, introducing reducing, recycling and recovering concepts, and assisting in compliance with public policies geared towards preserving the environment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696245.v1
title: Management of phosphorus in water: case study of the Tietê River, Brazil

description: Abstract Strategies for managing phosphorus in the environment have been considered to be of great significance. In light of debates about protecting water resources, tools for recovering and recycling phosphorus are being assessed, with the aim of guaranteeing the sustainability of natural reserves. This study discusses phosphorus dynamics in the environment and measures geared towards the management of its presence in water. In order to illustrate the situation in Brazil, we present an assessment of the size of the potential phosphorus load that is discharged daily into the Tietê River, State of São Paulo, by the urban population living in its basin. Due to its replacement in powdered detergents, the results showed a potential reduction in the amount of phosphorus discharged into the Tietê of about 11.7 t day-1. The size of the potential phosphorus load that might be recovered from sewage sludge shows a scenario of great potential for re-using and recycling in agricultural areas, as long as the necessary care is taken regarding safety and environmental protection. Management methodologies, such as Cleaner Production (CP) techniques, are important tools for controlling water pollution, as they contribute to the reduction of phosphorus emissions. They can therefore improve the perception producers and consumers have of this issue, introducing reducing, recycling and recovering concepts, and assisting in compliance with public policies geared towards preserving the environment.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5695984
title: Removal of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and Giardia spp. cysts at a Waste Water Treatment Plant Garcia, in Blumenau, SC, Brazil

description: Abstract Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. are responsible for a number of outbreaks of gastroenteritis, particularly associated with the consumption of contaminated water. The cysts and oocysts of these protozoa are resistant to environmental variations, as well as to most of the physical, chemical and microbiological processes used in water treatment and sewage plants. This study therefore aimed to detect and evaluate the removal of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in a combined system anaerobic / aerobic Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) located in the city of Blumenau, SC, Brazil. For the study of cysts and oocysts, samples of effluents and sludge from the WWTP were concentrated by filtration using a membrane of cellulose esters and by centrifugation, followed by direct immuno-fluorescence assay (RID) using the Merifluor( diagnostic kit. The analysis followed the standards published in APHA (2012) to obtain the physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. High concentrations of Giardia spp. (Max. 900,000 L-1 cysts) were detected in 83.3% of the analyzed points. Oocysts Cryptosporium spp. were detected at high concentrations (max. 300,000 oocysts L-1) in 66.6% of the analyzed points. Neither cysts nor oocysts were detected in treated effluent samples. Thus, the combined system of the Garcia WWTP showed a 99.9% efficiency rate for the removal of resistant forms of pathogens, contributing to the reduction of environmental contamination by these pathogens present in the domestic sewage of Blumenau, SC.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5695984.v1
title: Removal of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and Giardia spp. cysts at a Waste Water Treatment Plant Garcia, in Blumenau, SC, Brazil

description: Abstract Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. are responsible for a number of outbreaks of gastroenteritis, particularly associated with the consumption of contaminated water. The cysts and oocysts of these protozoa are resistant to environmental variations, as well as to most of the physical, chemical and microbiological processes used in water treatment and sewage plants. This study therefore aimed to detect and evaluate the removal of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in a combined system anaerobic / aerobic Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) located in the city of Blumenau, SC, Brazil. For the study of cysts and oocysts, samples of effluents and sludge from the WWTP were concentrated by filtration using a membrane of cellulose esters and by centrifugation, followed by direct immuno-fluorescence assay (RID) using the Merifluor( diagnostic kit. The analysis followed the standards published in APHA (2012) to obtain the physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. High concentrations of Giardia spp. (Max. 900,000 L-1 cysts) were detected in 83.3% of the analyzed points. Oocysts Cryptosporium spp. were detected at high concentrations (max. 300,000 oocysts L-1) in 66.6% of the analyzed points. Neither cysts nor oocysts were detected in treated effluent samples. Thus, the combined system of the Garcia WWTP showed a 99.9% efficiency rate for the removal of resistant forms of pathogens, contributing to the reduction of environmental contamination by these pathogens present in the domestic sewage of Blumenau, SC.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5695951
title: Evaluation of soil water storage in native forest and eucalyptus áreas

description: Abstract In the region of the Paraíba do Sul river valley in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, pasture areas have been replaced by eucalyptus plantations, which can modify the dynamics of water in the soils of the region. The objective of this work was to evaluate the behavior of water in a Red-Yellow Latosol in two vegetative coverings, a six-year-old eucalyptus plantation, and a native forest, in the process of regeneration which began twenty years ago. The study was developed in the Una River basin from June 2009 to April 2011. The soil water potential was measured by 96 sensors (Watermark ™) at the depths of 20, 60 and 120 cm. The Available Water Capacity (AWC) and weekly residual soil storage for each layer were calculated. It was observed that the three layers reacted to the processes of rainfall and evapotranspiration and that there was a difference between the storage of water in the soil in the eucalyptus and native forest areas. There was no water restriction in the studied period; however, the variations in native forest storage were smoother than the variations occurring for eucalyptus. In the mean of the whole period and for the three layers, the storage in the native forest and eucalyptus were 88% and 64% of Available Water Capacity (AWC = 183 mm), respectively. These results show the native forest water conservation capacity in watersheds.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5695951.v1
title: Evaluation of soil water storage in native forest and eucalyptus áreas

description: Abstract In the region of the Paraíba do Sul river valley in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, pasture areas have been replaced by eucalyptus plantations, which can modify the dynamics of water in the soils of the region. The objective of this work was to evaluate the behavior of water in a Red-Yellow Latosol in two vegetative coverings, a six-year-old eucalyptus plantation, and a native forest, in the process of regeneration which began twenty years ago. The study was developed in the Una River basin from June 2009 to April 2011. The soil water potential was measured by 96 sensors (Watermark ™) at the depths of 20, 60 and 120 cm. The Available Water Capacity (AWC) and weekly residual soil storage for each layer were calculated. It was observed that the three layers reacted to the processes of rainfall and evapotranspiration and that there was a difference between the storage of water in the soil in the eucalyptus and native forest areas. There was no water restriction in the studied period; however, the variations in native forest storage were smoother than the variations occurring for eucalyptus. In the mean of the whole period and for the three layers, the storage in the native forest and eucalyptus were 88% and 64% of Available Water Capacity (AWC = 183 mm), respectively. These results show the native forest water conservation capacity in watersheds.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696233
title: A isolated fungi in water consumed by riverside community of the middle Rio Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil: pathogenic potential

description: Abstract Fungi have received increased attention as drinking water contaminants, because some diseases are related to these microorganisms and inadequate supply, especially in the coastal communities. This study verified the presence of fungi in the water consumed by the riverside community of Lake Lemon, Iranduba, AM and assessed the pathogenicity of isolated fungi. The isolated fungal species were identified phenotypically and genetically. Evaluation of the pathogenic potential of the fungi included: growth at 37°C, and the production of urease and proteases. As a result, 101 cultures of different genera belonging to the Deuteromycotina subdivision were isolated. The most frequently isolated genera were Aspergillus spp (41.6%), Penicillium (19.8%) and Trichoderma spp. (27.7%). The pathogenicity parameters found that 95% of the samples were positive when incubated at 37°C; 66.3% of the fungal isolates were positive in the Agar Christensen media and 58.4% were positive in the Protease test. There are very few studies that address the pathogenicity of this fungus in Amazon riverine communities. It is hoped that results of this study may support the the passage of Brazilian legislation establishing limits for fungi in drinking water.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5696233.v1
title: A isolated fungi in water consumed by riverside community of the middle Rio Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil: pathogenic potential

description: Abstract Fungi have received increased attention as drinking water contaminants, because some diseases are related to these microorganisms and inadequate supply, especially in the coastal communities. This study verified the presence of fungi in the water consumed by the riverside community of Lake Lemon, Iranduba, AM and assessed the pathogenicity of isolated fungi. The isolated fungal species were identified phenotypically and genetically. Evaluation of the pathogenic potential of the fungi included: growth at 37°C, and the production of urease and proteases. As a result, 101 cultures of different genera belonging to the Deuteromycotina subdivision were isolated. The most frequently isolated genera were Aspergillus spp (41.6%), Penicillium (19.8%) and Trichoderma spp. (27.7%). The pathogenicity parameters found that 95% of the samples were positive when incubated at 37°C; 66.3% of the fungal isolates were positive in the Agar Christensen media and 58.4% were positive in the Protease test. There are very few studies that address the pathogenicity of this fungus in Amazon riverine communities. It is hoped that results of this study may support the the passage of Brazilian legislation establishing limits for fungi in drinking water.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5695798
title: The role of basin committees in environmental licensing processes: a case study of the Sorocaba and middle Tietê river basin committee (SP)

description: Abstract One of the functions of CBHs is to promote discussions with the possible environmental and socio-environmental impacts of enterprises that want to establish in Basin regions. However, what is the impact of the committee on these environmental licensing processes? Is their role in public policy implementation processes aimed the protection of the waters? In order to contribute to the understanding of the role of CBHs in environmental licensing of enterprises with impact on water resources, this research conducted a case study of the Watershed Committee of the Sorocaba River and Middle Tietê, and used documents of three environmental licensing procedures for landfills that have gone through CBH-SMT as analysis tools. Regarding the landfills located in the cities of Sorocaba/SP and Iperó/SP, the licensing agency ignores Committee positions. Regarding the landfill at Araçariguama/SP, the agency references the committee at some places in the documentation, but most of these contradict the Committee's position. The results of the EIA analysis suggest that the power of the Committee is minimized and do not followthe proposed decentralized and democratic water management in Brazil. However, they may be contributing to the restlessness of the population and encouraging their active involvement in decision-making. However, CBHs should not be used merely as stimulators of public opinion, but should be empowered as instruments of public policies for the protection of water resources.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5695798.v1
title: The role of basin committees in environmental licensing processes: a case study of the Sorocaba and middle Tietê river basin committee (SP)

description: Abstract One of the functions of CBHs is to promote discussions with the possible environmental and socio-environmental impacts of enterprises that want to establish in Basin regions. However, what is the impact of the committee on these environmental licensing processes? Is their role in public policy implementation processes aimed the protection of the waters? In order to contribute to the understanding of the role of CBHs in environmental licensing of enterprises with impact on water resources, this research conducted a case study of the Watershed Committee of the Sorocaba River and Middle Tietê, and used documents of three environmental licensing procedures for landfills that have gone through CBH-SMT as analysis tools. Regarding the landfills located in the cities of Sorocaba/SP and Iperó/SP, the licensing agency ignores Committee positions. Regarding the landfill at Araçariguama/SP, the agency references the committee at some places in the documentation, but most of these contradict the Committee's position. The results of the EIA analysis suggest that the power of the Committee is minimized and do not followthe proposed decentralized and democratic water management in Brazil. However, they may be contributing to the restlessness of the population and encouraging their active involvement in decision-making. However, CBHs should not be used merely as stimulators of public opinion, but should be empowered as instruments of public policies for the protection of water resources.