cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.3886/e116475v1
title: Replication data for: New Evidence on the Cyclicality of Employer-to-Employer Flows from Canada

description: This paper presents new estimates of gross worker flows for Canada for the sample period 1978 to 2016. We use administrative data from the Canadian Record of Employment in combination with the Canadian Labor Force Survey to estimate employer-to-employer flows in addition to flows between labor market states. We highlight three main results: Roughly two-thirds of all job separations are employer-to-employer flows. Employer-to-Employer flows are highly procyclical. The combination of these two results means that total job separations are procyclical. If employer-to-employer flows improve match quality, our results imply that recessions have a sullying effect on the labor market.
DOI: 10.3886/e116476v1
title: Replication data for: Intergenerational Human Capital Spillovers: Indonesia's School Construction and Its Effects on the Next Generation

description: We analyze the effects of increased access to education in one generation on human capital outcomes in the next generation. Using longitudinal data, we exploit the geographical and cohort variations in exposure to a massive primary school construction program in the 1970s in Indonesia. We show that the school building project increases primary school completion rates among both men and women. We find that children whose mothers were exposed to the school building project score higher on the national primary school examination, suggesting the importance of maternal education in the intergenerational transmission of human capital.
DOI: 10.5519/qd.pfqxngsp
title: Query on the Natural History Museum Data Portal (data.nhm.ac.uk) (189 records)
DOI: 10.3886/e116477
title: Replication data for: The Right to Education Act: Trends in Enrollment, Test Scores, and School Quality

description: The Right to Education (RTE) Act passed in 2009 guarantees access to free primary education to all children ages 6-14 in India. This paper investigates whether national trends in educational outcomes change around the time of this law using household surveys and administrative data. We document four trends: (1) school-going increases after the passage of RTE, (2) test scores decline dramatically after 2010, (3) school infrastructure appears to improve both before and after RTE, and (4) the number of students who have to repeat a grade falls precipitously after RTE is enacted, in line with official provisions of the law.
DOI: 10.3886/e116477v1
title: Replication data for: The Right to Education Act: Trends in Enrollment, Test Scores, and School Quality

description: The Right to Education (RTE) Act passed in 2009 guarantees access to free primary education to all children ages 6-14 in India. This paper investigates whether national trends in educational outcomes change around the time of this law using household surveys and administrative data. We document four trends: (1) school-going increases after the passage of RTE, (2) test scores decline dramatically after 2010, (3) school infrastructure appears to improve both before and after RTE, and (4) the number of students who have to repeat a grade falls precipitously after RTE is enacted, in line with official provisions of the law.
DOI: 10.3886/e116478v1
title: Replication data for: US Criminal Deportations and Human Capital in Central America

description: In this paper I ask whether peer effects generate changes in education investments in the areas where deported criminals are located in Central America using administrative data in El Salvador. I exploit the increase in criminal deportations from the United States in 1996 to analyze how individuals who grew up in municipalities affected by gangs in 1996 have fewer years of schooling when they are young adults. I find that individuals who were exposed during childhood to gang leaders have less schooling than those who were older than 16 in 1996 when the law was passed.
DOI: 10.5519/qd.lzw62mxz
title: Query on the Natural History Museum Data Portal (data.nhm.ac.uk) (55 records)
DOI: 10.5519/qd.qzq9b22g
title: Query on the Natural History Museum Data Portal (data.nhm.ac.uk) (92 records)
DOI: 10.3886/e116479
title: Replication data for: Does Environmental Policy Affect Income Inequality? Evidence from the Clean Air Act

description: This paper quantifies the impact of environmental policy on income inequality. We focus on the Clean Air act and the National Ambient Air Quality standards for fine particulate matter and ozone. Using a matched difference-in-differences estimator, we find evidence that both standards increased inequality in market income and a measure of income that deducts per-capita air pollution damage from adjusted gross income. While pollution standards can reduce pollution levels and thus result in significant environmental benefits in aggregate, our findings suggest that these standards appear to distort the distribution of economic resources in complex, and at times unfortunate, ways.
DOI: 10.3886/e116479v1
title: Replication data for: Does Environmental Policy Affect Income Inequality? Evidence from the Clean Air Act

description: This paper quantifies the impact of environmental policy on income inequality. We focus on the Clean Air act and the National Ambient Air Quality standards for fine particulate matter and ozone. Using a matched difference-in-differences estimator, we find evidence that both standards increased inequality in market income and a measure of income that deducts per-capita air pollution damage from adjusted gross income. While pollution standards can reduce pollution levels and thus result in significant environmental benefits in aggregate, our findings suggest that these standards appear to distort the distribution of economic resources in complex, and at times unfortunate, ways.
DOI: 10.5519/qd.ipxhfifc
title: Query on the Natural History Museum Data Portal (data.nhm.ac.uk) (24 records)
DOI: 10.3886/e116480v1
title: Replication data for: Fading Stars

description: We study the evolution of superstar firms in the US economy over the past 60 years. Contrary to common wisdom, superstar firms have not become larger or more productive but have become more profitable. The contribution of star firms to aggregate US productivity growth has fallen over time, from about 72 basis points per year before 2000 down to about 43 afterwards.
DOI: 10.3886/e116481
title: Replication data for: Common Ownership and the Secular Stagnation Hypothesis

description: We extend the model in Azar and Vives (2018) to allow for investment and show that higher effective market concentration (augmented by common ownership) leads to lower equilibrium wages, real interest rates, lower output, lower labor share, and lower capital share as well (under a mild condition). We calibrate a multisector sector model of the US economy and find that the rise in common ownership may account for the broad evolution of labor and capital shares in the period 1985-2015 while measured increases in concentration cannot (under plausible values for elasticity parameters).
DOI: 10.3886/e116481v1
title: Replication data for: Common Ownership and the Secular Stagnation Hypothesis

description: We extend the model in Azar and Vives (2018) to allow for investment and show that higher effective market concentration (augmented by common ownership) leads to lower equilibrium wages, real interest rates, lower output, lower labor share, and lower capital share as well (under a mild condition). We calibrate a multisector sector model of the US economy and find that the rise in common ownership may account for the broad evolution of labor and capital shares in the period 1985-2015 while measured increases in concentration cannot (under plausible values for elasticity parameters).
DOI: 10.3886/e116482
title: Replication data for: Measuring Labor Market Power Two Ways

description: We compute the "applications elasticity" as a proxy for firm-level labor supply elasticity by regressing the applications to a given job on the posted wage. The average applications elasticity in our data is 0.42. We then relate our elasticity estimates to concentration in labor markets defined by six-digit SOC occupations and commuting zone. We show a robust negative relationship between the two. Applications elasticity is near zero for all but the most densely populated labor markets, suggesting that 80 percent of the workforce works in labor markets where employers exercise significant monopsony power.
DOI: 10.3886/e116482v1
title: Replication data for: Measuring Labor Market Power Two Ways

description: We compute the "applications elasticity" as a proxy for firm-level labor supply elasticity by regressing the applications to a given job on the posted wage. The average applications elasticity in our data is 0.42. We then relate our elasticity estimates to concentration in labor markets defined by six-digit SOC occupations and commuting zone. We show a robust negative relationship between the two. Applications elasticity is near zero for all but the most densely populated labor markets, suggesting that 80 percent of the workforce works in labor markets where employers exercise significant monopsony power.
DOI: 10.3886/e116483
title: Replication data for: Ensemble Methods for Causal Effects in Panel Data Settings

description: In many prediction problems researchers have found that combinations of prediction methods ("ensembles") perform better than individual methods. In this paper we apply these ideas to synthetic control type problems in panel data. Here a number of conceptually quite different methods have been developed. We compare the predictive accuracy of three methods with an ensemble method and find that the latter dominates. These results show that ensemble methods are a practical and effective method for the type of data configurations typically encountered in empirical work in economics, and that these methods deserve more attention.
DOI: 10.3886/e116483v1
title: Replication data for: Ensemble Methods for Causal Effects in Panel Data Settings

description: In many prediction problems researchers have found that combinations of prediction methods ("ensembles") perform better than individual methods. In this paper we apply these ideas to synthetic control type problems in panel data. Here a number of conceptually quite different methods have been developed. We compare the predictive accuracy of three methods with an ensemble method and find that the latter dominates. These results show that ensemble methods are a practical and effective method for the type of data configurations typically encountered in empirical work in economics, and that these methods deserve more attention.
DOI: 10.3886/e116484
title: Replication data for: Entertainment, Education, and Attitudes Toward Domestic Violence

description: We study attitudes towards domestic violence in a sample of young women and men exposed to the edutainment TV series MTV Shuga 3, which features a sub-plot on this theme, and in a sample that was not. We measure viewers' memory of the characters and identification with them. Eight months after the show, male viewers of Shuga report improved attitudes and are 21 percent less likely to justify violence than men in the control group. Attitudes improve among women and men who remember the characters associated with the violence plot, though not among those who identify with the characters.
DOI: 10.3886/e116484v1
title: Replication data for: Entertainment, Education, and Attitudes Toward Domestic Violence

description: We study attitudes towards domestic violence in a sample of young women and men exposed to the edutainment TV series MTV Shuga 3, which features a sub-plot on this theme, and in a sample that was not. We measure viewers' memory of the characters and identification with them. Eight months after the show, male viewers of Shuga report improved attitudes and are 21 percent less likely to justify violence than men in the control group. Attitudes improve among women and men who remember the characters associated with the violence plot, though not among those who identify with the characters.
DOI: 10.3886/e116485
title: Replication data for: Monetary Policy Strategies for a Low-Rate Environment

description: In low-rate environments, policy strategies that involve holding rates "lower for longer" (L4L) may mitigate the effects of the effective lower bound (ELB). However, these strategies work in part by managing the public's expectations, which is not always realistic. Using the Fed's large-scale macroeconometric model, we study the effectiveness of L4L policies when financial market participants are forward-looking but other agents are not. We find that the resulting limited ability to manage expectations reduces but does not eliminate the advantages of L4L policies. The best policies provide adequate stimulus at the ELB while avoiding sizable overshoots of inflation and output.
DOI: 10.3886/e116485v1
title: Replication data for: Monetary Policy Strategies for a Low-Rate Environment

description: In low-rate environments, policy strategies that involve holding rates "lower for longer" (L4L) may mitigate the effects of the effective lower bound (ELB). However, these strategies work in part by managing the public's expectations, which is not always realistic. Using the Fed's large-scale macroeconometric model, we study the effectiveness of L4L policies when financial market participants are forward-looking but other agents are not. We find that the resulting limited ability to manage expectations reduces but does not eliminate the advantages of L4L policies. The best policies provide adequate stimulus at the ELB while avoiding sizable overshoots of inflation and output.
DOI: 10.3886/e116486
title: Replication data for: Policy Options at the Zero Lower Bound When Foresight is Limited

description: We reconsider several monetary and fiscal policies that have been proposed as tools of stabilization policy when conventional interest-rate policy is constrained by the zero lower bound on interest rates, assuming that households and firms are capable of explicit forward planning over only a limited horizon. The predicted effects of all of the policies are somewhat different than under rational expectations, but credible announcements about future policy can still influence behavior, and there is, if anything, an even stronger case for pursuing systematic policies outside crisis periods in order to shape expectations during a crisis.
DOI: 10.3886/e116486v1
title: Replication data for: Policy Options at the Zero Lower Bound When Foresight is Limited

description: We reconsider several monetary and fiscal policies that have been proposed as tools of stabilization policy when conventional interest-rate policy is constrained by the zero lower bound on interest rates, assuming that households and firms are capable of explicit forward planning over only a limited horizon. The predicted effects of all of the policies are somewhat different than under rational expectations, but credible announcements about future policy can still influence behavior, and there is, if anything, an even stronger case for pursuing systematic policies outside crisis periods in order to shape expectations during a crisis.
DOI: 10.3886/e116487v1
title: Replication data for: Drug Violence, Immigration Enforcement, and Selectivity: Evidence from Mexican Immigrants

description: We study how drug violence in Mexico and internal immigration enforcement in the United States affect the selectivity of Mexican immigrants. We find that violence is associated with an increase in English proficiency among immigrants. Furthermore, the deterrence effect of interior enforcement varies: it is associated with increases in the probability of observing undocumented immigrants with prior migration experience, who are English proficient and have higher unobservable abilities. Those factors are associated with a higher probability of finding a job, and higher productivity and earnings in the US labor market.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3560864
title: Model output dataset used in "Assessment of Ch in the Noah-MP LSM over China"

description: 1. The Noah-MP LSM v3.6 was used in an offline standalone mode to execute single-site and regional-scale land surface experiments. Single-point experiments were executed at nine flux tower sites, while the simulated regional domain covered all of China. 2. Three cases were designed: (1) the original M-O option with identical <em>Z<sub>om</sub></em> and <em>Z<sub>ot</sub></em> (Default), (2) a constant <em>C<sub>zil</sub></em> specified as 0.1 (Czil), and (3) a dynamic canopy-height-dependent <em>C<sub>zil</sub> </em>( Newczil). 3. The model output data files for single-site land surface experiements are named in accordance with the following convention: SiteName_SchemeName_start{year/month/day/hour/minute}_end{year/month/day/hour/minute}UTC_noahmp.nc For regional-scale land surface experiments (UTC): NoahMP.{year/month/day}T{hour}0000.nc The file "Domain_regional-scale.nc" contains the static geographic information, such as land cover.
DOI: 10.3886/e116487
title: Replication data for: Drug Violence, Immigration Enforcement, and Selectivity: Evidence from Mexican Immigrants

description: We study how drug violence in Mexico and internal immigration enforcement in the United States affect the selectivity of Mexican immigrants. We find that violence is associated with an increase in English proficiency among immigrants. Furthermore, the deterrence effect of interior enforcement varies: it is associated with increases in the probability of observing undocumented immigrants with prior migration experience, who are English proficient and have higher unobservable abilities. Those factors are associated with a higher probability of finding a job, and higher productivity and earnings in the US labor market.
DOI: 10.3886/e116488
title: Replication data for: Does Getting Health Insurance Affect Women's Fertility? Evidence from the United Mine Workers' Health Insurance

description: Does health insurance affect fertility decisions? Fertility may increase if insurance lowers the costs of having a child. Fertility may decrease if children are more likely to survive into adulthood (quality-quantity tradeoff). We study a largely permanent United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) insurance program. A large group of women of childbearing age gained pregnancy coverage for the first time. The insurance also covered children. We use a trend break specification with county-level variation in insurance. We find new evidence of the quality-quantity tradeoff. Fertility rates declined by about one percent per year in counties with average levels of insurance.
DOI: 10.3886/e116488v1
title: Replication data for: Does Getting Health Insurance Affect Women's Fertility? Evidence from the United Mine Workers' Health Insurance

description: Does health insurance affect fertility decisions? Fertility may increase if insurance lowers the costs of having a child. Fertility may decrease if children are more likely to survive into adulthood (quality-quantity tradeoff). We study a largely permanent United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) insurance program. A large group of women of childbearing age gained pregnancy coverage for the first time. The insurance also covered children. We use a trend break specification with county-level variation in insurance. We find new evidence of the quality-quantity tradeoff. Fertility rates declined by about one percent per year in counties with average levels of insurance.
DOI: 10.3886/e116489
title: Replication data for: Gender Equality and Positive Action: Evidence from UK Universities

description: This paper examines the impact of the Athena Scientific Women's Academic Network (SWAN) Charter on the wages and employment trajectories of female faculty. The Athena SWAN Charter is a gender equality initiative that formally recognizes good practice towards the representation and career progression of women in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) through an accreditation process. We find that the gender wage gap closes after Athena SWAN accreditation. However, female faculty at the non-professorial level are not more likely to be promoted to professor after accreditation, or to move to an Athena SWAN accredited university. Taken together these results suggest that the higher wage growth experienced by female non-professorial faculty after Athena SWAN accreditation is likely to come from pay rises within a particular rank.
DOI: 10.3886/e116489v1
title: Replication data for: Gender Equality and Positive Action: Evidence from UK Universities

description: This paper examines the impact of the Athena Scientific Women's Academic Network (SWAN) Charter on the wages and employment trajectories of female faculty. The Athena SWAN Charter is a gender equality initiative that formally recognizes good practice towards the representation and career progression of women in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) through an accreditation process. We find that the gender wage gap closes after Athena SWAN accreditation. However, female faculty at the non-professorial level are not more likely to be promoted to professor after accreditation, or to move to an Athena SWAN accredited university. Taken together these results suggest that the higher wage growth experienced by female non-professorial faculty after Athena SWAN accreditation is likely to come from pay rises within a particular rank.
DOI: 10.3886/e116490
title: Replication data for: Does Maternal Education Decrease Female Genital Cutting?

description: Female genital cutting (FGC) affects more than 200 million women globally. Education is often depicted as an effective instrument for abandoning the practice, but causal evidence is scant. This paper uses the introduction of the Universal Primary Education program in Nigeria as a natural experiment to identify the causal effect of mothers’ education on the probability that their daughters are cut. Household survey data indicate no statistically significant impact of the reform on the probability that daughters undergo FGC, which may be explained by an insignificant effect of the reform on maternal support for the practice.
DOI: 10.3886/e116490v1
title: Replication data for: Does Maternal Education Decrease Female Genital Cutting?

description: Female genital cutting (FGC) affects more than 200 million women globally. Education is often depicted as an effective instrument for abandoning the practice, but causal evidence is scant. This paper uses the introduction of the Universal Primary Education program in Nigeria as a natural experiment to identify the causal effect of mothers’ education on the probability that their daughters are cut. Household survey data indicate no statistically significant impact of the reform on the probability that daughters undergo FGC, which may be explained by an insignificant effect of the reform on maternal support for the practice.
DOI: 10.3886/e116491
title: Replication data for: Toward the Next Generation of Scholarship: Challenges and Opportunities for Full Participation in PhD Training in Economics

description: A great advantage of our rigorous doctoral training is that as PhD economists we speak a common language that allows for efficient vetting and quick dissemination of ideas and insights. But what good is sophisticated grammar and a powerful vocabulary if the contents of our narratives are lacking? Our top three criteria for admissions to PhD programs are prior coursework in math, the quantitative GRE score, and prior coursework in economics. To attract top talent and prevent becoming a stagnant discipline that loses the influence we have in society and academia, students' creativity, originality, and drive should receive more weight.