cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20088424
title: Figure 7.opju from Size always matters, shape matters only for the big: potential optical effects of silica bodies in <i>Selaginella</i>

description: Silica bodies are commonly found in <i>Selaginella</i>, but their function is unclear. Lens-like appearance and location in many species above giant chloroplasts of dorsal epidermal cells suggest optical functions. Silica body morphology in three <i>Selaginella</i> species was studied by microscopy. Optical effects were assessed by wave-optic simulations. Large convex, approximately hemispherical (papillose) and small approximately conical (concave–convex) silica bodies were found in different species. Both types lead to concentrated spot of light high in the dorsal epidermal cell. Large convex bodies concentrate light 10–25 times in a shape-dependent manner by refraction, and small silica bodies concentrate light in a shape-insensitive, but wavelength-dependent, manner by diffraction (red light: approx. 2.3 times; blue light: approx. 1.5 times). Due to chloroplast movement, this concentrated light is above the chloroplast under high light, but within it under low light. Beyond the spot of concentration, light is dispersed into the chloroplast. Thin <i>Selaginella</i> leaves mean these effects may enhance light capture and minimize photodamage, but other effects such as inhibition of herbivory, mechanical support, and immune responses need to be considered. Silica bodies undoubtedly have optical effects, but their significance to the functioning of the plant requires direct studies of ecophysiological performance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20088424.v1
title: Figure 7.opju from Size always matters, shape matters only for the big: potential optical effects of silica bodies in <i>Selaginella</i>

description: Silica bodies are commonly found in <i>Selaginella</i>, but their function is unclear. Lens-like appearance and location in many species above giant chloroplasts of dorsal epidermal cells suggest optical functions. Silica body morphology in three <i>Selaginella</i> species was studied by microscopy. Optical effects were assessed by wave-optic simulations. Large convex, approximately hemispherical (papillose) and small approximately conical (concave–convex) silica bodies were found in different species. Both types lead to concentrated spot of light high in the dorsal epidermal cell. Large convex bodies concentrate light 10–25 times in a shape-dependent manner by refraction, and small silica bodies concentrate light in a shape-insensitive, but wavelength-dependent, manner by diffraction (red light: approx. 2.3 times; blue light: approx. 1.5 times). Due to chloroplast movement, this concentrated light is above the chloroplast under high light, but within it under low light. Beyond the spot of concentration, light is dispersed into the chloroplast. Thin <i>Selaginella</i> leaves mean these effects may enhance light capture and minimize photodamage, but other effects such as inhibition of herbivory, mechanical support, and immune responses need to be considered. Silica bodies undoubtedly have optical effects, but their significance to the functioning of the plant requires direct studies of ecophysiological performance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20088427
title: Figure 2.opju from Size always matters, shape matters only for the big: potential optical effects of silica bodies in <i>Selaginella</i>

description: Silica bodies are commonly found in <i>Selaginella</i>, but their function is unclear. Lens-like appearance and location in many species above giant chloroplasts of dorsal epidermal cells suggest optical functions. Silica body morphology in three <i>Selaginella</i> species was studied by microscopy. Optical effects were assessed by wave-optic simulations. Large convex, approximately hemispherical (papillose) and small approximately conical (concave–convex) silica bodies were found in different species. Both types lead to concentrated spot of light high in the dorsal epidermal cell. Large convex bodies concentrate light 10–25 times in a shape-dependent manner by refraction, and small silica bodies concentrate light in a shape-insensitive, but wavelength-dependent, manner by diffraction (red light: approx. 2.3 times; blue light: approx. 1.5 times). Due to chloroplast movement, this concentrated light is above the chloroplast under high light, but within it under low light. Beyond the spot of concentration, light is dispersed into the chloroplast. Thin <i>Selaginella</i> leaves mean these effects may enhance light capture and minimize photodamage, but other effects such as inhibition of herbivory, mechanical support, and immune responses need to be considered. Silica bodies undoubtedly have optical effects, but their significance to the functioning of the plant requires direct studies of ecophysiological performance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20088427.v1
title: Figure 2.opju from Size always matters, shape matters only for the big: potential optical effects of silica bodies in <i>Selaginella</i>

description: Silica bodies are commonly found in <i>Selaginella</i>, but their function is unclear. Lens-like appearance and location in many species above giant chloroplasts of dorsal epidermal cells suggest optical functions. Silica body morphology in three <i>Selaginella</i> species was studied by microscopy. Optical effects were assessed by wave-optic simulations. Large convex, approximately hemispherical (papillose) and small approximately conical (concave–convex) silica bodies were found in different species. Both types lead to concentrated spot of light high in the dorsal epidermal cell. Large convex bodies concentrate light 10–25 times in a shape-dependent manner by refraction, and small silica bodies concentrate light in a shape-insensitive, but wavelength-dependent, manner by diffraction (red light: approx. 2.3 times; blue light: approx. 1.5 times). Due to chloroplast movement, this concentrated light is above the chloroplast under high light, but within it under low light. Beyond the spot of concentration, light is dispersed into the chloroplast. Thin <i>Selaginella</i> leaves mean these effects may enhance light capture and minimize photodamage, but other effects such as inhibition of herbivory, mechanical support, and immune responses need to be considered. Silica bodies undoubtedly have optical effects, but their significance to the functioning of the plant requires direct studies of ecophysiological performance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20088430
title: ellipsexz.m from Size always matters, shape matters only for the big: potential optical effects of silica bodies in <i>Selaginella</i>

description: Silica bodies are commonly found in <i>Selaginella</i>, but their function is unclear. Lens-like appearance and location in many species above giant chloroplasts of dorsal epidermal cells suggest optical functions. Silica body morphology in three <i>Selaginella</i> species was studied by microscopy. Optical effects were assessed by wave-optic simulations. Large convex, approximately hemispherical (papillose) and small approximately conical (concave–convex) silica bodies were found in different species. Both types lead to concentrated spot of light high in the dorsal epidermal cell. Large convex bodies concentrate light 10–25 times in a shape-dependent manner by refraction, and small silica bodies concentrate light in a shape-insensitive, but wavelength-dependent, manner by diffraction (red light: approx. 2.3 times; blue light: approx. 1.5 times). Due to chloroplast movement, this concentrated light is above the chloroplast under high light, but within it under low light. Beyond the spot of concentration, light is dispersed into the chloroplast. Thin <i>Selaginella</i> leaves mean these effects may enhance light capture and minimize photodamage, but other effects such as inhibition of herbivory, mechanical support, and immune responses need to be considered. Silica bodies undoubtedly have optical effects, but their significance to the functioning of the plant requires direct studies of ecophysiological performance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20088430.v1
title: ellipsexz.m from Size always matters, shape matters only for the big: potential optical effects of silica bodies in <i>Selaginella</i>

description: Silica bodies are commonly found in <i>Selaginella</i>, but their function is unclear. Lens-like appearance and location in many species above giant chloroplasts of dorsal epidermal cells suggest optical functions. Silica body morphology in three <i>Selaginella</i> species was studied by microscopy. Optical effects were assessed by wave-optic simulations. Large convex, approximately hemispherical (papillose) and small approximately conical (concave–convex) silica bodies were found in different species. Both types lead to concentrated spot of light high in the dorsal epidermal cell. Large convex bodies concentrate light 10–25 times in a shape-dependent manner by refraction, and small silica bodies concentrate light in a shape-insensitive, but wavelength-dependent, manner by diffraction (red light: approx. 2.3 times; blue light: approx. 1.5 times). Due to chloroplast movement, this concentrated light is above the chloroplast under high light, but within it under low light. Beyond the spot of concentration, light is dispersed into the chloroplast. Thin <i>Selaginella</i> leaves mean these effects may enhance light capture and minimize photodamage, but other effects such as inhibition of herbivory, mechanical support, and immune responses need to be considered. Silica bodies undoubtedly have optical effects, but their significance to the functioning of the plant requires direct studies of ecophysiological performance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20088433.v1
title: Coverage of silica body-leaf & cell level.xlxs from Size always matters, shape matters only for the big: potential optical effects of silica bodies in <i>Selaginella</i>

description: The area of silica bodies on epidermal cells was measured. The coverage of silica bodies at cell level equals the area ratio of silica bodies and epidermal cells where they are located. Since silica bodies are not evenly distributed on the leaf in each species, the area of a leaf with silica bodies distribution and the total leaf area was also measured. Then the coverage of silica bodies at the leaf level was calculated as the coverage of silica bodies at the cell level multiplied by the ratio of the area with silica bodies distributed in the total leaf area.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20088433
title: Coverage of silica body-leaf & cell level.xlxs from Size always matters, shape matters only for the big: potential optical effects of silica bodies in <i>Selaginella</i>

description: The area of silica bodies on epidermal cells was measured. The coverage of silica bodies at cell level equals the area ratio of silica bodies and epidermal cells where they are located. Since silica bodies are not evenly distributed on the leaf in each species, the area of a leaf with silica bodies distribution and the total leaf area was also measured. Then the coverage of silica bodies at the leaf level was calculated as the coverage of silica bodies at the cell level multiplied by the ratio of the area with silica bodies distributed in the total leaf area.
DOI: 10.34688/epadlcs_v.imi_20.10.30
title: EPAD LCS V.IMI Dataset
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20088436
title: Figure 9.opju from Size always matters, shape matters only for the big: potential optical effects of silica bodies in <i>Selaginella</i>

description: Silica bodies are commonly found in <i>Selaginella</i>, but their function is unclear. Lens-like appearance and location in many species above giant chloroplasts of dorsal epidermal cells suggest optical functions. Silica body morphology in three <i>Selaginella</i> species was studied by microscopy. Optical effects were assessed by wave-optic simulations. Large convex, approximately hemispherical (papillose) and small approximately conical (concave–convex) silica bodies were found in different species. Both types lead to concentrated spot of light high in the dorsal epidermal cell. Large convex bodies concentrate light 10–25 times in a shape-dependent manner by refraction, and small silica bodies concentrate light in a shape-insensitive, but wavelength-dependent, manner by diffraction (red light: approx. 2.3 times; blue light: approx. 1.5 times). Due to chloroplast movement, this concentrated light is above the chloroplast under high light, but within it under low light. Beyond the spot of concentration, light is dispersed into the chloroplast. Thin <i>Selaginella</i> leaves mean these effects may enhance light capture and minimize photodamage, but other effects such as inhibition of herbivory, mechanical support, and immune responses need to be considered. Silica bodies undoubtedly have optical effects, but their significance to the functioning of the plant requires direct studies of ecophysiological performance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20088436.v2
title: Figure 9.opju from Size always matters, shape matters only for the big: potential optical effects of silica bodies in <i>Selaginella</i>

description: Silica bodies are commonly found in <i>Selaginella</i>, but their function is unclear. Lens-like appearance and location in many species above giant chloroplasts of dorsal epidermal cells suggest optical functions. Silica body morphology in three <i>Selaginella</i> species was studied by microscopy. Optical effects were assessed by wave-optic simulations. Large convex, approximately hemispherical (papillose) and small approximately conical (concave–convex) silica bodies were found in different species. Both types lead to concentrated spot of light high in the dorsal epidermal cell. Large convex bodies concentrate light 10–25 times in a shape-dependent manner by refraction, and small silica bodies concentrate light in a shape-insensitive, but wavelength-dependent, manner by diffraction (red light: approx. 2.3 times; blue light: approx. 1.5 times). Due to chloroplast movement, this concentrated light is above the chloroplast under high light, but within it under low light. Beyond the spot of concentration, light is dispersed into the chloroplast. Thin <i>Selaginella</i> leaves mean these effects may enhance light capture and minimize photodamage, but other effects such as inhibition of herbivory, mechanical support, and immune responses need to be considered. Silica bodies undoubtedly have optical effects, but their significance to the functioning of the plant requires direct studies of ecophysiological performance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20088442
title: figureS4_S5.opju from Size always matters, shape matters only for the big: potential optical effects of silica bodies in <i>Selaginella</i>

description: Silica bodies are commonly found in <i>Selaginella</i>, but their function is unclear. Lens-like appearance and location in many species above giant chloroplasts of dorsal epidermal cells suggest optical functions. Silica body morphology in three <i>Selaginella</i> species was studied by microscopy. Optical effects were assessed by wave-optic simulations. Large convex, approximately hemispherical (papillose) and small approximately conical (concave–convex) silica bodies were found in different species. Both types lead to concentrated spot of light high in the dorsal epidermal cell. Large convex bodies concentrate light 10–25 times in a shape-dependent manner by refraction, and small silica bodies concentrate light in a shape-insensitive, but wavelength-dependent, manner by diffraction (red light: approx. 2.3 times; blue light: approx. 1.5 times). Due to chloroplast movement, this concentrated light is above the chloroplast under high light, but within it under low light. Beyond the spot of concentration, light is dispersed into the chloroplast. Thin <i>Selaginella</i> leaves mean these effects may enhance light capture and minimize photodamage, but other effects such as inhibition of herbivory, mechanical support, and immune responses need to be considered. Silica bodies undoubtedly have optical effects, but their significance to the functioning of the plant requires direct studies of ecophysiological performance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20088442.v1
title: figureS4_S5.opju from Size always matters, shape matters only for the big: potential optical effects of silica bodies in <i>Selaginella</i>

description: Silica bodies are commonly found in <i>Selaginella</i>, but their function is unclear. Lens-like appearance and location in many species above giant chloroplasts of dorsal epidermal cells suggest optical functions. Silica body morphology in three <i>Selaginella</i> species was studied by microscopy. Optical effects were assessed by wave-optic simulations. Large convex, approximately hemispherical (papillose) and small approximately conical (concave–convex) silica bodies were found in different species. Both types lead to concentrated spot of light high in the dorsal epidermal cell. Large convex bodies concentrate light 10–25 times in a shape-dependent manner by refraction, and small silica bodies concentrate light in a shape-insensitive, but wavelength-dependent, manner by diffraction (red light: approx. 2.3 times; blue light: approx. 1.5 times). Due to chloroplast movement, this concentrated light is above the chloroplast under high light, but within it under low light. Beyond the spot of concentration, light is dispersed into the chloroplast. Thin <i>Selaginella</i> leaves mean these effects may enhance light capture and minimize photodamage, but other effects such as inhibition of herbivory, mechanical support, and immune responses need to be considered. Silica bodies undoubtedly have optical effects, but their significance to the functioning of the plant requires direct studies of ecophysiological performance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20088448.v1
title: gaussianxz.m from Size always matters, shape matters only for the big: potential optical effects of silica bodies in <i>Selaginella</i>

description: Silica bodies are commonly found in <i>Selaginella</i>, but their function is unclear. Lens-like appearance and location in many species above giant chloroplasts of dorsal epidermal cells suggest optical functions. Silica body morphology in three <i>Selaginella</i> species was studied by microscopy. Optical effects were assessed by wave-optic simulations. Large convex, approximately hemispherical (papillose) and small approximately conical (concave–convex) silica bodies were found in different species. Both types lead to concentrated spot of light high in the dorsal epidermal cell. Large convex bodies concentrate light 10–25 times in a shape-dependent manner by refraction, and small silica bodies concentrate light in a shape-insensitive, but wavelength-dependent, manner by diffraction (red light: approx. 2.3 times; blue light: approx. 1.5 times). Due to chloroplast movement, this concentrated light is above the chloroplast under high light, but within it under low light. Beyond the spot of concentration, light is dispersed into the chloroplast. Thin <i>Selaginella</i> leaves mean these effects may enhance light capture and minimize photodamage, but other effects such as inhibition of herbivory, mechanical support, and immune responses need to be considered. Silica bodies undoubtedly have optical effects, but their significance to the functioning of the plant requires direct studies of ecophysiological performance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20088445
title: Figure 4_6.opju from Size always matters, shape matters only for the big: potential optical effects of silica bodies in <i>Selaginella</i>

description: Silica bodies are commonly found in <i>Selaginella</i>, but their function is unclear. Lens-like appearance and location in many species above giant chloroplasts of dorsal epidermal cells suggest optical functions. Silica body morphology in three <i>Selaginella</i> species was studied by microscopy. Optical effects were assessed by wave-optic simulations. Large convex, approximately hemispherical (papillose) and small approximately conical (concave–convex) silica bodies were found in different species. Both types lead to concentrated spot of light high in the dorsal epidermal cell. Large convex bodies concentrate light 10–25 times in a shape-dependent manner by refraction, and small silica bodies concentrate light in a shape-insensitive, but wavelength-dependent, manner by diffraction (red light: approx. 2.3 times; blue light: approx. 1.5 times). Due to chloroplast movement, this concentrated light is above the chloroplast under high light, but within it under low light. Beyond the spot of concentration, light is dispersed into the chloroplast. Thin <i>Selaginella</i> leaves mean these effects may enhance light capture and minimize photodamage, but other effects such as inhibition of herbivory, mechanical support, and immune responses need to be considered. Silica bodies undoubtedly have optical effects, but their significance to the functioning of the plant requires direct studies of ecophysiological performance.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20088445.v1
title: Figure 4_6.opju from Size always matters, shape matters only for the big: potential optical effects of silica bodies in <i>Selaginella</i>

description: Silica bodies are commonly found in <i>Selaginella</i>, but their function is unclear. Lens-like appearance and location in many species above giant chloroplasts of dorsal epidermal cells suggest optical functions. Silica body morphology in three <i>Selaginella</i> species was studied by microscopy. Optical effects were assessed by wave-optic simulations. Large convex, approximately hemispherical (papillose) and small approximately conical (concave–convex) silica bodies were found in different species. Both types lead to concentrated spot of light high in the dorsal epidermal cell. Large convex bodies concentrate light 10–25 times in a shape-dependent manner by refraction, and small silica bodies concentrate light in a shape-insensitive, but wavelength-dependent, manner by diffraction (red light: approx. 2.3 times; blue light: approx. 1.5 times). Due to chloroplast movement, this concentrated light is above the chloroplast under high light, but within it under low light. Beyond the spot of concentration, light is dispersed into the chloroplast. Thin <i>Selaginella</i> leaves mean these effects may enhance light capture and minimize photodamage, but other effects such as inhibition of herbivory, mechanical support, and immune responses need to be considered. Silica bodies undoubtedly have optical effects, but their significance to the functioning of the plant requires direct studies of ecophysiological performance.