cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h70rxwdnz
title: Phenotypic divergence of traits that mediate antagonistic and mutualistic interactions between island and continental populations of the tropical plant, Tribulus cistoides (Zygophyllaceae)

description: Premise: Island systems have long served as a model for evolutionary
 processes due to their unique species interactions. Many studies of the
 evolution of species interactions on islands have focused on endemic taxa.
 Fewer studies have focused on how antagonistic and mutualistic
 interactions shape the phenotypic divergence of widespread non-endemic
 species living on island populations. Methods: We used the widespread
 plant Tribulus cistoides (Zygophyllaceae) to test phenotypic divergence in
 traits that mediate antagonistic interactions with vertebrate granivores
 (birds) and mutualistic interactions with pollinators and how this is
 explained by bioclimatic variables. We used both herbarium specimens and
 field-collected samples to compare phenotypic divergence between
 continental and island populations. Results: Fruits from island
 populations were larger than on continents, but the presence of lower
 spines on mericarps was lower on islands. The presence of spines was
 largely explained by environmental variation among islands. Petal length
 was on average 9% smaller on island than continental populations, an
 effect that was especially accentuated on the Galápagos Islands.
 Conclusions: Tribulus cistoides exhibits phenotypic divergence between
 island and continental habitats for antagonistic traits (seed defence) and
 mutualistic traits (floral traits). Further, the evolution of phenotypic
 traits that mediate antagonistic and mutualistic interactions depended on
 the abiotic characteristics of specific islands. This study shows the
 potential of using a combination of herbarium and field samples for
 comparative studies on a globally distributed species to test phenotypic
 divergence on island habitats.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mkkwh7147
title: Genome-phenotype-environment associations identify signatures of selection in a panmictic population of threespine stickleback

description: Adaptive genetic divergence occurs when selection imposed by the
 environment causes the genomic component of the phenotype to
 differentiate. However, genomic signatures of natural selection are
 usually identified without information on which trait is responding to
 selection by which selective agent(s). Here we integrate
 whole-genome-sequencing with phenomics and measures of putative selective
 agents to assess the extent of adaptive divergence in threespine
 stickleback occupying the highly heterogeneous lake Mývatn, NE Iceland. We
 find negligible genome-wide divergence, yet multiple traits (body size,
 gill raker structure and defence traits) were divergent along known
 ecological gradients (temperature, predatory bird densities and water
 depth). SNP-based heritability of all measured traits was high (h2 = 0.42
 – 0.65), indicating adaptive potential for all traits. Whilst
 environment-association analyses identified thousands of loci putatively
 involved in selection, related to genes linked to neuron development and
 protein phosphorylation, only loci linked to pelvic spine length were
 concurrently linked to environmental variation (water depth) – supporting
 the conclusion that divergence in pelvic spine length occurred in face of
 gene flow. Our results suggest that whilst there is substantial genetic
 variation in the traits measured, phenotypic divergence of Mývatn
 stickleback is mostly weakly associated with environmental gradients,
 potentially as a result of substantial gene flow. Our study illustrates
 the value of integrative studies that combine genomic assays of
 multivariate trait variation with landscape genomics.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.0zpc86724
title: Second-line drug resistance markers as proxy indicators of sputum culture conversion for samples tested in Uganda

description: Increased TB disease burden arises as a result of low treatment success
 rates stemming from the emergence of second-line drug (SLD) resistance. We
 aimed at determining the usefulness of SLD resistance markers as proxy
 indicators of time to sputum culture conversion; a renowned predictor of
 Tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcome, among SLD-resistant TB patients
 tested at the Uganda National TB Reference Laboratory (NTRL). A
 cross-sectional study was conducted on 72 bacteriologically confirmed SLDR
 TB patients with datasets including culture conversion time and
 second-line probe assay mutation profiles between 01/06/2017 and
 31/12/2019. The data were then imported into STATA v15 for descriptive
 statistical analysis, Univariate cox proportional hazard model analysis
 and Kaplan-Meier survival curves at a 5% level of significance; p-value ≤
 0.05. Results indicate the median time was achieved at 3 (0–12) months
 across the studied patients. The rrs G1484T mutation associated with
 conferring drug resistance to aminoglycosides was observed to have the
 shortest median conversion time of 1.5 months and the longest by the gryB
 E540D at 5 months. A single mutation in the gryA gene locus showed higher
 converted proportions 70.8% (58.9–81.0) than those that had two 8.3%
 (3.1–17.3) or three 2.7% (0.3–10.0) mutations. We conclude that the
 studied second-line drug resistance markers had no statistically
 significant association with the time to sputum culture conversion,
 although increased drug resistance levels reduced the converted
 proportions and stressed the need to utilize molecular diagnostics data to
 better comprehend proxy indicators of SLD-resistant tuberculosis
 management.
description: The TB patients whose drug resistance status was previously
 analyzed following the national diagnostic algorithm were re-evaluated
 using their respective line probe assay DNA strips as previously discussed
 in our paper (Mujuni et al., 2022). This was followed by the addition of resistance marker data which were manually curated respectively in a protected Microsoft Excel sheet [Research Resource Identifiers (RRIDs) RRID:SCR 016137]. This sheet contained the patient datasets with corresponding monthly culture conversion time prior to cleaning to standardize mutation curations and subsequently import these results into STATA v15 (RRID:SCR_012763) for analysis. The analysis included descriptive, Univariate cox proportional hazard model analyses with the use of the Kaplan-Meier survival curves. The level of significance was set at 5% and therefore a p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The data were presented in the form of summary statistic tables and figures.
description: Microsoft Excel 2016 (RRID:SCR 016137) STATA
 v15 (RRID:SCR_012763)
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r2280gbhc
title: Drought effects on root and shoot traits and their decomposability

description: 1. Drought can induce phenotypic plasticity in a range of plant root and
 shoot traits. These traits have been shown to explain differences in root
 and shoot litter decomposability between species. However, it is unknown
 how drought-induced plasticity of root and shoot traits alters their
 decomposability. 2. To investigate this issue across a range of species,
 we grew a grass (Lolium perenne), a forb (Plantago lanceolata) and a
 legume (Trifolium repens) common to European temperate grasslands and
 subjected them to a 5-week moderate drought treatment. We compared
 morphological and chemical root and shoot traits of the droughted plants
 to well-watered controls. We then conducted a decomposition assay of the
 senesced root and shoot material over 16 weeks, with mass loss
 measurements at five timepoints. 3. Drought had significant and sometimes
 strong effects on morphological and chemical root and shoot traits of all
 three species, sometimes similar to differences between species and
 generally in line with a shift to a more resource-conservative strategy.
 Drought also increased the labile litter fraction in roots of Lolium
 perenne, which was associated with a substantial increase in
 non-structural carbohydrates. Drought decreased the labile litter fraction
 in shoots of Plantago lanceolata, but this could not be explained by the
 traits we measured. Drought effects on litter decomposability were weaker
 than on plant traits. 4. Our results suggest that plant trait-mediated
 effects of drought on litter decomposability can either increase or
 decrease vegetation feedbacks to climate change. They also show that
 drought-induced plasticity in root and shoot traits does not automatically
 translate into equivalent changes in litter decomposability.
description: This data set contains trait measurement data from three
 grassland plant species (<em>Plantago</em>
 <em>lanceolata</em>, <em>Lolium perenne</em> and
 <em>Trifolium</em> <em>repens</em>).
 They were grown in the greenhouse for 12 weeks including a 5-week
 drought (40% water holding capacity) and a control (60% water holding
 capacity) treatment. This data set also contains mass
 loss data from a subsequent litter decomposability experiment using litter
 from the same plants. n/a indicates missing data due to
 lost samples.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.8cn8sz
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3798 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Calligonum"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3798 records from 83 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003451-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.17632/wdnkhpkvnr
title: Detection of Treponema pallidum in Syphilitic Alopecia by Immunohistochemistry and Polymerase Chain Reaction

description: Supplemental Material: Detection of Treponema pallidum in Syphilitic Alopecia by Immunohistochemistry and Polymerase Chain Reaction
DOI: 10.17632/wdnkhpkvnr.1
title: Detection of Treponema pallidum in Syphilitic Alopecia by Immunohistochemistry and Polymerase Chain Reaction

description: Supplemental Material: Detection of Treponema pallidum in Syphilitic Alopecia by Immunohistochemistry and Polymerase Chain Reaction
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.vt4b8gtwq
title: Drawing on local knowledge and attitudes for the conservation of critically endangered rhino rays in Goa, India

description: In the context of marine species declines in data-limited regions, local
 ecological knowledge (LEK) is a valuable source of information on species
 ecology and historical trends. LEK can also help understand how threatened
 species exist within a local culture, in terms of their uses and values,
 and reveal attitudes toward their conservation. Rhino rays (guitarfish and
 wedgefish) are highly threatened by overfishing with most species
 Critically Endangered, yet poorly studied in countries like India that
 fish them the most. We drew on LEK to understand the socio-ecological
 status of rhino rays in Goa, on the west coast of India. We investigated
 their habitat use and seasonality, interaction with fisheries,
 socio-economic uses, and relational values. We also explored attitudes of
 fishers towards rhino rays and their conservation. A combination of
 semi-structured interviews and key informant interviews (88 in total) were
 conducted with fishers at multiple sites. Local knowledge suggests that
 nearshore habitats around river mouths form important nursery grounds for
 some rhino rays, and provided insights into their seasonality and
 breeding. Rhino rays appeared to be targeted historically but are entirely
 bycaught at present, with the highest catches in gillnets and in the South
 Goa district, during September and October. LEK indicated that taxa like
 sawfish (Pristis spp.) and wedgefish (Rhynchobatus spp.) have severely
 declined or disappeared from this region. We coded different relational
 values, from recreation (rhino rays are consumed and enjoyed with alcohol)
 to symbolic values (rhino rays are considered lucky). All key informants
 expressed positive attitudes towards rhino ray conservation and stated
 that a ban on landing these species would have little to no impact on
 fisher earnings. The usefulness of LEK suggests it should be brought into
 the scientific mainstream to support development of more equitable and
 socially-appropriate management plans. Fostering relational values can
 reinforce fishers' positive attitudes, thereby enhancing rhino ray
 conservation. Their low commercial value and potentially high post-capture
 survival suggest that using norm-based approaches to promote live release
 may be successful. Further research on rhino ray ecology and human
 dimensions can support the development of appropriate conservation
 interventions.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.nzs7h44vz
title: Revisiting Metternichia (Solanaceae) through an integrative approach: A monotypic genus?

description: Improving species delimitation and knowledge on species complexes is
 crucial for many areas of study in Biology, especially conservation.
 Integrative taxonomy contributes to this topic by using different
 approaches to better delineate taxonomic boundaries. Metternichia
 (Solanaceae), historically a monospecific genus, has a geographic range
 that comprises contrasting environments. Metternichia principis was
 described as having two varieties: the typical variety, found in the humid
 forests of eastern Brazil (Atlantic Forest region), and M. principis var.
 macrocalyx, which presents larger calyx and inhabits mostly semi-arid
 areas (Caatinga region). In this study we tested the validity of such
 groups by integrating environmental, phenological, morphometric and
 palynological data; applying uni and multivariate tests; and evaluating
 the conservation status of each taxon. Our results support the recognition
 of two morphological groups within Metternichia, largely in agreement with
 the original circumscription of the varieties. Multivariate analyses
 clearly indicate different ecological niches, with each taxon inhabiting
 environments with distinct mean annual precipitation and temperature.
 Phenological data show some differences between the varieties regarding
 months with the highest number of flowering and fruiting records. In
 general, M. principis var. macrocalyx presents larger flower and pollen
 characters, and smaller fruit characters compared to the typical variety.
 Based on these findings, we elevate the variety to the status of species,
 as the new combination Metternichia macrocalyx. Following IUCN guidelines,
 both taxa are here considered endangered (EN).
description: Morphometric data were collected through measurements of leaf,
 flower, fruit and seed traits from exsiccatae. Pollen data were collected
 through measurements of images of acetolysed pollen grains taken from
 light microscope. Environmental data were obtained through WorldClim
 database and asigned to each specimen of the morphometric
 dataset. Morphometric and palynological data were
 created in different datasets due to the significant different number of
 specimens encompassed. Morphometric and palynological
 datasets were used for univariate analyses, while all three datasets
 (including the environmental) were used for multivariate analyses (PCA and
 HCA).
description: To perform the analyses, users must have R and RStudio
 installed.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hhmgqnkm8
title: Simultaneous integration and modularity underlie the exceptional body shape diversification of characiform fishes

description: Evolutionary biology has long striven to understand why some lineages
 diversify exceptionally while others do not. Most studies have focused on
 how extrinsic factors can promote differences in diversification dynamics,
 but a clade’s intrinsic modularity and integration can also catalyze or
 restrict its evolution. Here, we integrate geometric morphometrics,
 phylogenetic comparative methods and visualizations of covariance to infer
 the presence of distinct modules in the body plan of Characiformes, an
 ecomorphologically diverse fish radiation. Strong covariances reveal a
 cranial module, and more subtle patterns support a statistically
 significant subdivision of the postcranium into anterior (precaudal) and
 posterior (caudal) modules. We uncover substantial covariation among
 cranial and postcranial landmarks, indicating body-wide evolutionary
 integration as lineages transition between compressiform and fusiform body
 shapes. A novel method of matrix subdivision reveals that within- and
 among-module covariation contributes substantially to the overall
 eigenstructure of characiform morphospace, and that both phenomena led to
 biologically important divergence among characiform lineages. Functional
 integration between the cranium and post-cranial skeleton appears to have
 allowed lineages to optimize the aspect ratio of their bodies for
 locomotion, while the capacity for independent change in the head, body
 and tail likely eased adaptation to diverse dietary and hydrological
 regimes. These results reinforce a growing consensus that modularity and
 integration synergize to promote diversification.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gqnk98sst
title: Reduced precipitation lessens the scaling of growth to plant N in mesic grasslands

description: Grassland production is sensitive to both precipitation and plant N
 accumulation and utilization, such that change in one variable influences
 grassland response to the second variable.  We investigated
 effects of interannual variation in precipiation on the response of
 'community'-scale values of relative growth rate (RGR) to two
 multiplicative components of RGR, nitrogen productivity (NP; rate of
 change in biomass/plant N), an index of N utilization efficiency, and
 plant N concentration ([N]), in two grassslands in Texas, USA. 
 Grasslands included a planted mixture of perennial grass and forb species
 and a monoculture of the perennial C4 grass Panicum vigatum that was
 invaded by multiple plant species.  RGR and its N components were
 measured at the spatial scale of 7-m diameter circular patches near the
 spring peak in mixture biomss during each of 5 years.  We found
 that RGR varied substantially among patches and years and between the
 planted mixture and monoculture.  RGR variation was strongly
 correlated with variation in NP.  Precipitation during the 3
 months prior to RGR measurement mediated that RGR response to NP by
 altering the correlation between NP and [N] in both grasslands. 
 Reduced precipitation led to more negative NP-[N] correlation
 coefficients, which reduced proportional change in RGR per change in NP by
 as much as 30% even in the absence of a precipitation effect on means of
 RGR and NP.  Our results highlight an under-appreciated aspect of
 the pervasive role of precipitation in grassland growth that was mediated
 via change in the growth benefit derived from plant N.
description: We used remote sensing techniques to calculate relative growth
 rate (RGR), nitrogen productivity (NP), and plant N concentration ([N]) at
 the scale of 7-m diameter circular patches (n = 104) in each of two
 grassland types (mixture of perennial grass and forb species, planted
 monoculture of the grass switchgrass).  'Community'-scale values
 RGR and its N components (NP, [N]) were calculated near the spring biomass
 peak in each of 5 years.  We examined correlations among spatial variation
 in RGR, NP, and [N] in each grassland as influenced by interannual
 variation in precipitation.
DOI: 10.15468/dl.9ekejx
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 52 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is Grazielodendron riodocensis",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen)"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 52 records from 18 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003452-260126135527185/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.17632/6m333tvxfd
title: Data for Enhanced removal of linuron and terbuthylazine from water using sequential hybrid ozonation–activated carbon processes

description: The dataset contains experimental concentration–time data for linuron and terbuthylazine obtained from adsorption, ozonation, and sequential hybrid ozonation–activated carbon treatment experiments at different initial concentrations.
DOI: 10.17632/6m333tvxfd.1
title: Data for Enhanced removal of linuron and terbuthylazine from water using sequential hybrid ozonation–activated carbon processes

description: The dataset contains experimental concentration–time data for linuron and terbuthylazine obtained from adsorption, ozonation, and sequential hybrid ozonation–activated carbon treatment experiments at different initial concentrations.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.3tx95x6kq
title: Transition from transperitoneal to retroperitoneal approach in laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy: Team-based and individual learning curve: A cross-sectional study

description: Background: Laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy (LLDN) is a standard
 practice for kidney donor transplantation due to fewer complications
 associated with the treatment. Retroperitoneal approach to LLDN is thought
 to be more advantageous in preventing injuries to various abdominal
 organs. However, the transition process from transperitoneal to
 retroperitoneal LLDN is important to ensure the best outcome for the
 patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the learning curve for
 the retroperitoneal approach in LLDN among urologists in an individual and
 team-based approach Methods: A retrospective analysis of
 retroperitoneal LLDN was performed on procedures performed by a kidney
 donor team consisting of four (4) urologists from January 2019 to January
 2022 at Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Indonesia. The data
 were taken from pre-existing medical records. The learning curve for the
 operation time, warm ischemic time, and estimated blood loss were analyzed
 using cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis. Phase 1 represents the initial
 learning curve, the phase 2 plateau represents the period of proficiency,
 and phase 3 represents the mastery period. Results: A total of 127
 retroperitoneal LLDN procedures were done during the study period by four
 operators with various experience. The average procedure needed to achieve
 proficiency was 16.5 procedures. Meanwhile, the average procedure needed
 to achieve mastery was 28 procedures. A shorter learning curve was
 achieved by operators with more experience in other laparoscopic
 procedures. Conclusions: The learning curve for transition from
 transperitoneal to retroperitoneal approach to LLDN is relatively short
 and feasible for both individuals and teams of urologists. Therefore, the
 transition to a retroperitoneal approach is a feasible option to reduce
 the complication rate of LLDN.
description: The dataset for this study was collected from pre-existing
 medical records. The data were then de-identified and processed using the
 SPSS version 20 (RRID:SCR_016479)(IBM Corp, 2011).
description: SPSS version 20 (RRID:SCR_016479)(IBM Corp, 2011)