cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.q2bvq83j9
title: Data from: Extreme altitudes during diurnal flights in a nocturnal songbird migrant

description: Billions of nocturnally migrating songbirds fly across oceans and deserts
 on their annual journeys. Using multisensor dataloggers, we show that
 great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) regularly prolong their
 otherwise strictly nocturnal flights into daytime when crossing the
 Mediterranean Sea and the Sahara Desert. Intriguingly, when prolonging
 their flights, they climbed steeply at dawn, from mean 2,394 m asl to
 reach extreme cruising altitudes (mean 5,367 m asl, max 6,267 m asl)
 during daytime flights. This previously unknown behavior of using
 exceedingly high flight altitudes when migrating during daytime could be
 caused by diel variation in ambient temperature, winds, predation, vision
 range and solar radiation. Our finding of this striking behavioral
 adaptation provides new perspectives on constraints in bird flight and
 might help explain the evolution of nocturnal migration.
description: See https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abe7291 for details on data collection and compilation.
description: Activity_and_barometric_data.txt:
 Data file in plain text containing detailed accelerometer, pressure and
 temperature data for the different great reed warblers. First column
 indicates individual and the second column indicates flight ID. Third
 column is a timestamp. Act0 means number of sequences that scored 0 during
 the preceding hour (12 measurement sequences). Next column Act1 to Act5
 follow the same way. Column “check” is the sum of all activity counts and
 should be 12 if sampling worked as intended. “P” gives barometric pressure
 in mbar and is only given if the bird is flying at the sampling event
 (same as the timestamp). Light_data.txt: Data file in
 plain text containing light data for the 7 great reed warblers included
 with positions in the manuscript. First column indicates date, second
 column indicates time, third column gives light in lux and the fourth
 column indicates individual.
DOI: 10.48689/xskw-j016
title: Vancouver Port Authority Jurisdictional Boundary
DOI: 10.48689/ncab-ag86
title: Vancouver Coastal Health Water Quality Sampling in Howe Sound (current and historic)
DOI: 10.48689/6dn5-s346
title: Vancouver BC Airport Winds
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4qrfj6q97
title: Social selection is density dependent but makes little contribution to total selection in New Zealand giraffe weevils

description: Social selection occurs when traits of interaction partners influence an
 individual’s fitness and can alter total selection strength. However, we
 have little idea of what factors influence social selection’s strength.
 Further, social selection only contributes to overall selection when there
 is phenotypic assortment, but simultaneous estimates of social selection
 and phenotypic assortment are rare. Here we estimated social selection on
 body size in a wild population of New Zealand giraffe weevils
 (Lasiorhynchus barbicornis). We measured phenotypic assortment by body
 size and tested whether social selection varied with sex-ratio, density,
 and interacted with the body size of the focal individual. Social
 selection was limited and unaffected by sex ratio or the size of the focal
 individual. However, at high densities social selection was negative for
 both sexes, consistent with size-based competitive interactions for access
 to mates. Phenotypic assortment was always close to zero, indicating
 negative social selection at high densities will not impede the evolution
 of larger body sizes. Despite its predicted importance, social selection
 may only influence evolutionary change in specific contexts, leaving
 direct selection to drive evolutionary change.
description: The methods are described
 in full in the associated paper and in “Directional selection on body size
 but no apparent survival cost to being large in wild New Zealand giraffe
 weevils” Rebecca J. Le Grice et al. 2019, <i>Evolution</i>,
 doi:10.1111/evo.13698 In brief aggregations of weevils
 were located on the trunks of karaka trees (<i>Corynocarpus
 laevigatus</i>), each weevil in the aggregation was measured and
 individually marked, and then the mating success of each weevil in a one
 hour period was recorded. This was repeated over several days, giving
 repeated measures of the composition of the aggregation of weevils on the
 tree and their mating success. We then used these
 records to determine the mean body size of same sex rivals in for each
 weevil in each day, as well as the density and sex ratio of the
 aggregation on each day. Using these values and the measures of individual
 body size, we were able to estimate direct and social selection,
 phenotypic assortment, and how these things varied with density and other
 factors.
description: Please see the README file for details on data use.
DOI: 10.48689/t2qs-0b93
title:  Vancouver Aquarium Annual Rockfish Abundance Survey
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8gtht76p8
title: Genetic diversity of alpine Dryas octopetala populations at their southern distribution limit in Europe

description: The alpine species Dryas octopetala is present in the northern part of
 Greece, where it forms isolated populations in three mountainous regions:
 Falakron, Tzena and Orvilos. This study aimed at estimating the
 intrapopulation genetic diversity and the overall genetic structure of
 these southernmost European populations. A total of 20 Randomly Amplified
 Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used for studying the genetic patterns
 of populations. RAPD marker profiles revealed population differentiation,
 with Orvilos being the most differentiated population, indicating either
 genetic divergence or different lineage. Intrapopulation genetic diversity
 indices were relatively low in all populations. Findings emphasized the
 need for designing ex situ conservation management plans for conserving
 isolated alpine D. octopetala populations in the face of climate change.
DOI: 10.48689/2pms-sw80
title: Utilities Sanitary (West Vancouver)
DOI: 10.25338/b84w7b
title: Stable social groups foster conformity and among-group differences

description: The social niche hypothesis theorizes that repeated social interactions
 between group members is an important mechanism for generating consistent
 individual differences in behaviour. However, such frequent interactions
 also have the potential to mask or suppress behavioural differences if
 individuals conform towards a group behavioural norm (i.e. the social
 conformity) by either synchronizing their behaviour or shifting their
 behaviour towards that of influential group members. Both of these
 predictions hinge on the notion that social feedback among group members
 plays a key role in modulating consistent behavioural variation, thus in
 the absence of such feedback, it could be expected that such consistent
 variation will be reduced. Here, we investigated how a one-month housing
 with a stable social group, as opposed to being socially isolated,
 affected consistent individual differences in the shoaling tendencies of
 stickleback (Gasterosteus aceluteus). Specifically, we repeatedly tested
 the tendency of individual sticklebacks to shoal with conspecifics before
 and after their social experience. In support of the social conformity
 hypothesis, we observed a four-fold increase in among-group differences,
 but no change in among-individual differences, in the shoaling tendencies
 of sticklebacks housed in groups. A post-hoc analysis revealed that the
 increase in among-group differences may have been driven by the most
 ‘social’ pre-treatment group member. Conversely, fish that were housed in
 isolation, expressed a notable, albeit non-significant, decrease in
 individual shoaling variation and repeatability. This decrease in shoaling
 variation corresponded with an increase in the average shoaling tendencies
 of solitary fish post-treatment, suggesting that solitary fish converged
 towards a similarly high level of shoaling tendencies post-treatment. For
 both treatment groups, however, we found among-individual positive
 correlations in pre- and post-treatment shoaling tendencies, suggesting
 that individuals may inherently differ in their shoaling tendencies, but
 that the social environment plays an important role in mediating the
 expression of these differences.
description: Data refers to behavioural observations recorded from social
 tendency assays. Specifically, sticklebacks were placed into an arena
 containing two 'social' zones - one social zone contained a
 large shoal of fish (10 fish in total) and the other social zone contained
 a small shoal of fish (2 fish in total). The trials ran for 10 mins and
 during this time we recorded the duration of time the focal fish spent in
 each social zone, how much time they spent outside of both zones, and a
 range of other activity metrics (see README file for column
 info) Each focal fish was put through this assay twice,
 both before and after experiencing a social treatment. For the social
 treatment, fish were either housed in groups of 10 or housed in
 isolation. 
description: See attached README file for column info
DOI: 10.48689/n7nr-8359
title: Utilities Storm (West Vancouver)
DOI: 10.48689/b4j8-4160
title: Utilization of the Campbell River estuary by juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in 1994
DOI: 10.48689/g50y-yb91
title: VENUS Instrument Platform (VIP) (2006 ongoing)
DOI: 10.6078/d1fx44
title: Microcoleus (Cyanobacteria) form watershed-wide populations without strong gradients in population structure

description: The relative importance of separation by distance and by environment to
 population genetic diversity can be conveniently tested in river networks,
 where these two drivers are often independently distributed over space. To
 evaluate the importance of dispersal and environmental conditions in
 shaping microbial population structures, we performed genome-resolved
 metagenomic analyses of benthic Microcoleus-dominated
 cyanobacterial mats collected in the Eel and Russian River networks
 (California, USA). The 64 Microcoleus genomes were
 clustered into three species that shared &gt; 96.5% average nucleotide
 identity (ANI). Most mats were dominated by one strain, but minor alleles
 within mats were often shared, even over large spatial distances (&gt;
 300 km). Within the most common Microcoleus species, the
 ANI between the dominant strains within mats decreased with increasing
 spatial separation. However, over shorter spatial distances (tens of
 kilometers), mats from different subwatersheds had lower ANI than mats
 from the same subwatershed, suggesting that at shorter spatial distances
 environmental differences between subwatersheds in factors like canopy
 cover, conductivity, and mean annual temperature decreases ANI. Since mats
 in smaller creeks had similar levels of nucleotide diversity (π) as mats
 in larger downstream subwatersheds, within-mat genetic diversity does not
 appear to depend on the downstream accumulation of
 upstream-derived strains. The four-gamete test and sequence
 length bias suggest recombination occurs between almost all strains within
 each species, even between populations separated by large distances or
 living in different habitats. Overall, our results show that, despite some
 isolation by distance and environmental conditions, sufficient gene-flow
 occurs among cyanobacterial strains to prevent either driver from
 producing distinctive population structures across the watershed.
description: See methods section in the associated publication, Bouma-Gregson
 et al., <em>Microcoleus</em> (Cyanobacteria) form
 watershed-wide populations without strong gradients in population
 structure.
description: See README files in Dryad download folder. Code used for analyses
 in the associated publication is available
 at, https://github.com/keithbg/Microcoleus_Analysis. 
 The raw sequences and assembled genomes can be downloaded from
 NCBI under Bioproject: PRJNA448579. Please contact the
 authors if you have any questions.
DOI: 10.48689/5hy8-td36
title: VIC Hydrologic Model Output
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9cnp5hqhk
title: Experimental sexual selection affects the evolution of physiological and life history traits

description: Sexual selection and sexual conflict are expected to affect all aspects of
 the phenotype, not only traits that are directly involved in reproduction.
 Here, we show coordinated evolution of multiple physiological and life
 history traits in response to long-term experimental manipulation of the
 mating system in populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura. Development time
 was extended under polyandry relative to monogamy in both sexes,
 potentially due to higher investment in traits linked to sexual selection
 and sexual conflict. Individuals (especially males) evolving under
 polyandry had higher metabolic rates and locomotor activity than those
 evolving under monogamy. Polyandry individuals also invested more in
 metabolites associated with increased endurance capacity and efficient
 energy metabolism and regulation, namely lipid and glycogen. Finally,
 polyandry males were less desiccation- and starvation- resistant than
 monogamy males, suggesting trade-offs between resistance and sexually
 selected traits. Our results provide experimental evidence that mating
 systems can impose selection that influences the evolution of non-sexual
 phenotypes such as development, activity, metabolism, and nutrient
 homeostasis.
description: Data is provided as a single zipped folder containing five .csv
 files and a README.txt file. Detailed description of methods can be found
 in the supplementary material accompanying the manuscript. All analyses
 can be found at https://lukeholman.github.io/exp_evol_respiration/
description: Please see the README.txt provided in the zipped folder.
DOI: 10.48689/80852e41-c05b-4a16-958e-d3eed7eb772c
title: VRI - HISTORICAL Vegetation Resource Inventory (2002 - 2019)

description: Published by the Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development - Forest Analysis and Inventory Geospatial forest inventory dataset updated for depletions, such as harvesting, and projected annually for growth. Sample attributes in this dataset include: age, species, volume, height. The Vegetation Resources Inventory (VRI) spatial datasets describe both where a vegetation resource (ie timber volume, tree species) is located and how much of a given resource is within an inventory unit.
DOI: 10.48689/06734c80-f0b3-4237-a85d-5dacf54075a7
title: Zoning (Sunshine Coast Regional District)

description: Sunshine Coast regional district planning zoning
DOI: 10.48689/0c38dfe7-cd42-4122-8da8-65704718c787
title: Zoning of Islands Trust

description: Regulatory areas controlling the use of land within the Islands Trust as defined in the Island Bylaws. Zoning regulates development factors such as structure type, density, height, lot size, placement, and other standards.
DOI: 10.48689/fac68384-6d06-426d-a456-6c637e352f56
title: bcmca Commercial Fishing Feature Count

description: Number of bcmca commercial fishing features that were used in the Marxan analysis that are found in each 2 km x 2km planning unit.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h44j0zpjq
title: Proboscis adaptations for flower feeding

description: Butterflies use a proboscis, a microfluidic probe engineered by natural
 selection, to feed on nutritive fluids. The structural configuration of
 proboscises relates to feeding habits; however, the adaptations that
 enable proboscis entry into narrow floral corollas lack experimental
 evidence. Here, we investigated proboscis adaptations that enable entry
 into corollas using funnel-shaped glass capillary tubes and performed
 feeding trials with six butterfly species of different feeding habits.
 Proboscises were either guided (natural treatment) or forced (forced
 treatment) into the capillary tubes that were filled with a 20% sucrose
 solution. The treatments were video recorded to determine the depth the
 proboscises reached into the tube and how long they remained there. The
 results were interpreted in terms of proboscis morphology, friction
 forces, and the material properties of the cuticle. In the natural
 treatment, butterflies classified as flower visitors were more efficient
 at feeding from the tubes, reaching an average 1.83x deeper into the tubes
 than the other species and never getting their proboscises stuck. The
 non-flower visiting species, in contrast, had their proboscises remain in
 the tube 17x longer than the flower-visiting species, with 90% of them
 getting their proboscises at least partially stuck. The butterfly species
 with generalist feeding habits fed more efficiently than the non-flower
 visitors, but less than the flower visitors. A similar pattern was
 observed in the forced treatment. Flower-visiting butterflies had smoother
 and more tapered proboscises, lower friction forces, and a semicircular
 cross-section that would reduce bendability and was augmented by a more
 sclerotized cuticle. Proboscises of flower-visiting butterflies,
 therefore, have a suite of adaptations that operate synergistically to
 optimize their feeding habits.
DOI: 10.48689/4cfea00a-43ae-4a1a-ba59-21d09a6aded8
title: Zoning (Squamish)

description: Zoning regulatory areas with amendments to the District of Squamish Zoning Bylaw No. 2200, 2011.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gqnk98smn
title: Data from: Phenology and wood density of plants growing in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil

description: The current knowledge about the influence of plant traits and climatic
 seasonality on the phenology of tropical rain forest plants is
 insufficient to understand how functional traits can explain mechanisms
 associated with phenological responses. We hypothesized that the density
 of the wood and the water stored in stem and root determine presence of
 phenological groups of trees. Leaf shedding, flushing, and flowering of
 high wood density species are related to rainfall, due to their low
 water-storage capacity. In contrast, leaf unfolding and flowering of low
 wood density species depend on photoperiod, due to their high
 water-storage capacity. For 12 months, we monitored
 vegetative and reproductive phases of 281 individuals of 46 tree
 species in a coastal rain forest in Northeastern Brazil. Data on rainfall,
 photoperiod, wood density and quantity of water stored in stem and roots
 were also recorded. Corroborating our hypothesis, wood density and the
 amount of water stored formed functional phenological groups: Species of
 high wood density and low water-storing capacity and low wood density and
 high water-storing capacity. Abiotic variables did not demonstrate
 relationships with the phenological events and revealed that the
 phenophases of leaf unfolding, flowering and fructification occurred
 previously in the low wood density and high water-storing capacity
 species. Thereby, species of high wood density and low water-storing
 capacity had these phenophases later. Although the hypotheses have not
 been fully confirmed, we observed that in species of low wood density,
 leaf unfolding, flowering and fruiting phenotypes occurred shortly before
 it did in high wood density.
description: Data were collected monthly for one year, in an area of Atlantic
 forest located in northeastern Brazil, the phenological data were
 processed using methods according to Fournier (1974) and Bencke and
 Morellato (2002) and the wood density data were processed according to
 Trugilho et al. (nineteen ninety). They were organized in excel for later
 analysis using the Oriana and Rstudio programs.
description: To use this data, you only need to adapt the format, according to
 the statistical program that will be used, in the case of Rstudio it will
 be necessary to save it in a txt separated by tabs.
DOI: 10.48689/43b2f236-9e78-4ac7-9edc-76667fe6b8e1
title: Zoning (Sunshine Coast Regional District)

description: This dataset displays the location of zoning in the Sunshine Coast Regional District.
DOI: 10.48689/09097484-3cc6-41c8-b33e-480c7a3b274d
title: Zoning (Vancouver)

description: This dataset displays the zoning for the City of Vancouver.
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.31zcrjdk6
title: Phylogeny of Citharexyleae

description: As a family of Neotropical origin and primarily Neotropical distribution,
 the Verbenaceae are a good but understudied system with which to
 understand Neotropical evolution. Tribe Citharexyleae comprises three
 genera: Baillonia, Citharexylum—one of the largest genera in
 Verbenaceae—and Rehdera. A molecular phylogenetic approach was taken to
 resolve intergeneric relationships in Citharexyleae and infrageneric
 relationships in Citharexylum. The phylogeny is used to elucidate
 character evolution in a widespread, morphologically diverse Neotropical
 genus. Seven plastid regions, two nuclear ribosomal spacers, and six
 low-copy nuclear loci were analyzed for 64 species of Citharexyleae.
 Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using maximum likelihood, Bayesian
 inference, and multi-species coalescent approaches. Habit,
 presence/absence of thorns, inflorescence architecture, flower color,
 fruit color, and geography were examined to identify diagnostic character
 states for clades within Citharexylum. Rehdera is resolved as
 sister to Citharexylum, and Baillonia nested within Citharexylum. Two
 species, C. oleinum and C. tetramerum, are not closely related to tribe
 Citharexyleae, but may be related to members of tribe Duranteae instead.
  Seven clades within Citharexylum are inferred, each
 characterized by a combination of geography, fruit color/maturation, and
 inflorescence architecture. There is evidence of correlated evolution
 between habit, axillary inflorescences, and flower number per
 inflorescence. Shrubs with reduced inflorescences have evolved
 repeatedly. Conclusions: A subgeneric classification for
 Citharexylum is proposed. Though suites of associated traits are found,
 character morphology has been labile throughout Citharexylum’s
 evolutionary history. Morphological diversity may be related to
 adaptation to differing mesic and xeric habitats.
DOI: 10.48689/dc49c4d6-d01e-4ace-8650-68fb0ccd3d6d
title: Zoning (Victoria)

description: This dataset displays the zoning for the City of Victoria.
DOI: 10.48689/3250a13a-4c1c-4c40-aea7-68b711b7e511
title: Zoning (West Vancouver)

description: Zoning polygons defined by West Vancouver's Zoning Bylaw, 4662, 2010, which regulates land use and physical change within the municipality.