cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.48443/4x2x-k364
title: Coarse downed wood bulk density sampling (DP1.10014.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: The Coarse Downed Wood bulk density sampling data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution volume, mass and calculated bulk density data from cross-sectional disks cut from downed logs at each of NEON's terrestrial sites at which qualifying logs are present. Disks are preferentially collected from logs that fall into the most abundant 'decayClass x sizeCategory x taxonID' combinations, as informed by the Coarse Downed Wood survey data product. In addition to bulk density from each collected disk, log-level decay, size category and taxonID information is also recorded for each log from which disks are sampled. Data are reported per disk per log, and when multiple disks are collected from the same log, multiple records will exist in the data. Logs are typically associated with a plotID, and disks may also be collected from logs that fall outside of NEON plots. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

cdw_densitydisk:  105

cdw_densitylog:  105

cdw_identificationHistory: 7
description: Coarse Downed Wood bulk density samples are collected from terrestrial sites with qualifying logs where repeat CDW Survey sampling is performed. CDW Bulk Density sampling is implemented twice per site, the first time within the first three years of data collection at a site, and the second time 5-6 years after the first sampling event. When possible, the same logs are targeted for sampling at both sampling time points. Sampling may occur in up to 20 Distributed Plots and all Tower Plots, and unlike all other NEON TOS sampling, collection of disks may also occur outside of NEON plot boundaries, due to the sparsely distributed nature of target logs. Logs sampled for bulk density are parsed into five decay categories that broadly match existing USFS definitions, three size categories (2-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and greater than 10 cm diameter), and are identified to the highest taxonomic resolution possible according to the USDA Plants database. The bulk density sampling effort is inherently variable from site to site, as it is driven by the number of 'decayClass x sizeCategory x taxonID' (DST) combinations, which is strongly dependent on site-level tree diversity. For each site, sampling is considered complete once all rank-ordered DSTs that cumulatively make up 80% of the total tallies have been sampled. Target disk sample size per DST is n=10 for DSTs >= 10 cm diameter, and n=5 for DSTs < 10 cm diameter. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/m22w-6h74
title: Digital hemispheric photos of plot vegetation (DP1.10017.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution field data and 180 degree hemispherical images that enable ground-based calculation of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and/or Plant Area Index (PAI). For forests, both upward-facing photos of canopy vegetation, and photos of understory vegetation are collected. For shorter-stature ecosystems, only downward-facing images of 'understory' vegetation are collected, where 'understory' is defined to include all vegetation. Photos are acquired with a full-frame DSLR camera equipped with a fisheye lens, and are provided in RAW image format. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

dhp_perimagefile:  60

dhp_perplot:  60
description: Digital Hemispheric Photos (DHPs) of plot vegetation are collected every five years from twenty randomly selected Distributed Plots, and collection from these plots is timed such that DHPs are acquired within a one month window that also includes a NEON AOP remote-sensing flight over the site. Ground collection of DHPs and the AOP flight are both timed to co-occur with the window of peak greenness according to a 10 year average of the MODIS-EVI greenness index. To better frame the window of peak green in a given year, DHPs are also collected from three Tower Plots on a two week interval, from leaf-out to senescence. Within each plot, photo points are arranged according to the shape of a square cross, oriented in alignment with the cardinal axes, and with points spaced every 4 meters. At each photo point within the plot, photos of understory vegetation are acquired, with 'understory' defined as vegetation typically less than 2 meters height. In grasslands and scrublands, the understory is therefore the only vegetation photographed. When an overstory is present, i.e. vegetation greater than 2 meters height, photographs of overstory are also acquired at each photo point. Overstory images are typically acquired in the crepuscular hours of the day, when direct sunlight is not illuminating the foliage, and may also be acquired when it is overcast such that the sun does not cast a shadow. Understory images are typically acquired during daylight hours. Instrumentation: Full-frame Nikon DSLR (D750/D800/D810 model) equipped with a 16 mm Nikkor full-frame fisheye lens
DOI: 10.48443/c71s-n628
title: Ground beetle sequences DNA barcode (DP1.10020.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled laboratory metadata and QA results for NEON's cytochrome oxidase I (COI) barcoding of ground beetles sequences. The DNA barcoding procedure involves the removal of tissue, extracting and sequencing DNA from the tissue, and matching that sequence data to sequences from previously identified voucher specimens. DNA analysis serves a number of purposes, including verification of taxonomy of specimens that do not receive expert identification, clarification of the taxonomy of rare or cryptic species, and characterization of diversity using molecular markers. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage. Queries for this data product will return metadata tables formatted for submission to the Barcode of Life Database. These queries will also provide links to the actual sequence data, which are publicly available on the [Barcode of Life Data System](http://www.boldsystems.org/) (BOLD) website. The sequence data can be obtained by following the links from the NEON data portal, or by directly querying NEON data sets on the BOLD server. From the NEON portal, the link "BOLD Project: Ground beetle sequences DNA barcode" redirects to a page on the BOLD public data portal for the queried data. This is a dynamic link and will automatically update based on the user query.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

bet_BOLDcollectionData:  614

bet_BOLDspecimenDetails:  614

bet_BOLDtaxonomy:  614

bet_BOLDvoucherInfo:  614
description: Ground beetle legs are subsampled from individual specimens collected as part of the Ground beetles sampled from pitfall traps (DP1.10022.001) data product. Up to 10 individuals per species per site for a total of up to 95 individuals per site per year are selected for barcoding. Beetles that are rare, particularly difficult to identify, or poorly represented in previous collection events are prioritized for DNA sequencing. Only beetle specimens that have been identified by an expert taxonomist are eligible for DNA barcoding.  Leg tissue is preserved in an appropriate tissue vial and shipped to an external lab, where DNA is extracted and target sequences amplified via PCR. Barcodes of cytochrome oxidase I are generated per specimen. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/cd21-q875
title: Ground beetles sampled from pitfall traps (DP1.10022.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's ground beetle sampling and specimen processing protocols. Ground beetle abundance and diversity are sampled via pitfall trapping at regular intervals by NEON field technicians at core and relocatable sites. Following trap collection, all beetles from the family Carabidae are sorted by NEON technicians and identified to species or morphospecies. A subset of collected Carabidae are pointed or pinned, while other specimens (non-pinned/non-pointed carabids, invertebrate bycatch, and vertebrate bycatch) are stored in 95% ethanol for archiving, and may be pooled into a single archive vial per plot. Regardless of storage method, all collections data are reported at a per trap resolution. A subset of pinned ground beetles (up to 467 per site per year) are sent to an expert taxonomist for secondary identification. Identifications performed on these individuals may be used to estimate uncertainty in parataxonomist identification by NEON technicians.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

bet_archivepooling:  330

bet_expertTaxonomistIDProcessed:  600

bet_expertTaxonomistIDRaw:  600

bet_fielddata:  75

bet_parataxonomistID:  330

bet_sorting:  330

bet_identificationHistory: 7
description: Ground beetles are sampled using pitfall traps (16 oz deli containers filled with 150 or 250 mL of propylene glycol). Multiple traps are deployed in each of 10 plots at each terrestrial NEON site (from 2013-2017, 40 traps per site; 2018-present, 30 traps per site), with traps arrayed approximately 20 meters from the center of the plot in one of the four cardinal directions. Sampling occurs biweekly throughout the growing season (when temperatures are above 4 degrees C). Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/2n8c-6v85
title: Herbaceous clip harvest (DP1.10023.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's Herbaceous biomass clip harvest sampling. Herbaceous vegetation is operationally defined in this protocol as non-woody plants (i.e. grasses, sedges, forbs, some bryophytes, and non-woody vines such as Convolvulus spp. and certain Rubus spp.), as well as woody-stemmed plants with diameter at decimeter height (ddh) < 1 cm at the time of sampling. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

hbp_massdata:  60

hbp_perbout:  60
description: Clip-harvest of herbaceous biomass occurs within randomly located clip-harvest strips in 20m x 20m plots or subplots. Up to 20 non-forested Distributed plots (containing 1 clip strip per plot) and up to 30 Tower plots (containing 1-4 clip strips per plot) are sampled at each site. Tower plots are sampled every year at sites where herbaceous productivity > 10% of the sum of herbaceous and woody productivity. Tower plots at ungrazed sites are sampled once per year if there is a single annual biomass peak, and twice at sites with two biomass peaks per year in order to capture both warm season and cool season production. At grazed sites, sampling in Tower plots occurs once every 4 or 8 weeks while livestock are present. Distributed plots are sampled once every 5 years at plots where herbaceous aerial cover ≥ 50% at the plot scale. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/11hx-c586
title: Litterfall and fine woody debris production and chemistry (DP1.10033.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's Litterfall and fine woody debris sampling. Litter is defined as material that is dropped from the forest canopy and has a butt end diameter <2cm and a length <50 cm; this material is collected in elevated 0.5m2 PVC traps. Fine woody debris is defined as material that is dropped from the forest canopy and has a butt end diameter <2cm and a length >50 cm; this material is collected in ground traps as longer material is not reliably collected by the elevated traps. Following field collection, each sample is sorted by functional group, dried and weighed. After sorting litter by functional group, material from elevated traps from select bouts is sent for chemical analysis, with excess material archived in the NEON Biorepository and available upon request. For additional details, see the user guides, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section below. Products resulting from this sampling include mass of litterfall and fine woody debris by functional group as well as litter chemistry and stable isotope ratios. Summary tables of external lab precision and accuracy are included in the expanded package.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guides for more information.

bgc\_CNiso\_externalSummary: 30

lig_externalSummary: 30

ltr_chemistrySubsampling: 60

ltr_fielddata: 60

ltr_litterCarbonNitrogen: 270

ltr_litterLignin: 180

ltr_massdata: 60

ltr_pertrap: 30
description: Each qualifying tower plot in forested ecosystems has 0-2 elevated traps and 1-2 ground traps deployed. Ground traps are sampled annually. Sampling interval of elevated litter traps is variable by dominant overstory vegetation. Deciduous forests are sampled once in the spring then multiple times during fall senescence; evergreen and coniferous forests are sampled year round at monthly intervals. Traps are consistent with those used by the Smithsonian Center for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS). Mass data for each collection event are measured separately for functional groups: Leaves, Needles, Twigs/branches, Woody material, Seeds, Flowers (which includes other non-woody reproductive structures), and Other. Any material that cannot be sorted due to time or resource constraints is categorized as Mixed (unsorted). Once every five years, material from elevated traps from a single collection event are analyzed for carbon and nitrogen concentrations and stable isotopes as well as lignin concentrations. Prior to 2022, only leaf and needle materials were analyzed. Starting in 2022, all functional group material is measured for chemistry, though the non-leaf and needle groups use a pooled site-level sample. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/gege-jv27
title: Mosquito sequences DNA barcode (DP1.10038.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled laboratory metadata and QA results for NEON's cytochrome oxidase I (COI) barcoding of mosquito sequences. The DNA barcoding procedure involves the removal of leg tissue from pinned specimens, extracting and sequencing DNA from the tissue, and matching that sequence data to sequences from previously identified voucher specimens. DNA analysis serves a number of purposes, including verification of taxonomy of specimens that do not receive expert identification, clarification of the taxonomy of rare or cryptic species, and characterization of diversity using molecular markers. For additional details on mosquito collection, see protocol [NEON.DOC.014049](http://data.neonscience.org/api/v0/documents/NEON.DOC.014049vH): TOS Protocol and Procedure: Mosquito Sampling and science design [NEON.DOC.000908](http://data.neonscience.org/api/v0/documents/NEON.DOC.NEON.DOC.000908vA): TOS Science Design for Terrestrial Microbial Diversity. Queries for this data product will return metadata tables formatted for submission to the Barcode of Life Database. These queries will also provide links to the actual sequence data, which are publicly available on the [Barcode of Life Data System](http://www.boldsystems.org/) (BOLD) website. The sequence data can be obtained by following the links from the NEON data portal, or by directly querying NEON data sets on the BOLD server. From the NEON portal, the link "BOLD Project: Mosquito sequences DNA barcode" redirects to a page on the BOLD public data portal for the queried data. This is a dynamic link and will automatically update based on the user query.

Latency:
The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

mos_BOLDcollectionData:  255

mos_BOLDspecimenDetails:  255

mos_BOLDtaxonomy:  255

mos_BOLDvoucherInfo:  255
description: Mosquito legs will be collected from up to 10 individuals per species per domain. These tissues will be preserved in an appropriate tissue vial and up to 95 tissue samples per domain will be shipped to an external lab. DNA will be extracted and target sequences amplified via PCR. Barcodes of cytochrome oxidase I will be generated per specimen. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/y3fp-9583
title: Mosquitoes sampled from CO2 traps (DP1.10043.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: This data product contains the quality-controlled, native sampling resolution data from NEON's mosquito sampling protocol. Mosquito abundance and diversity are sampled at regular intervals by NEON field technicians at all terrestrial sites. For additional details on protocol, see the TOS Protocol and Procedure: Mosquito Sampling. Following collection, all samples are sent to a professional taxonomist who determines the species composition and sex of mosquitoes from a representative subsample. Identified mosquitoes are then processed for pathogen analysis or preserved for final archiving. Products resulting from this sampling and processing include: records of when mosquitoes were sampled, taxonomic and abundance data for a subset of mosquitoes captured, and information about the material archived from the sample. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage.

Latency: The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information.

mos_archivepooling: 360

mos_barcoding: 420

mos_expertTaxonomistIDProcessed: 240

mos_expertTaxonomistIDRaw: 240

mos_sorting: 240

mos_subsampling: 360

mos_trapping: 30

mos_identificationHistory: 7
description: When adult mosquitoes are active, sampling occurs (via CDC light traps) every two weeks at core sites and every four weeks at gradient sites. Before 2018, a sampling bout consisted of two trapping nights and the intervening day for up to ten plots per site. Beginning in 2018, a sampling bout consists of approximately 24 hours of trapping (one night and one daytime interval) at up to ten plots per site. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.48443/a4td-8k14
title: Soil physical and chemical properties, distributed initial characterization (DP1.10047.001)
title: RELEASE-2025

description: This data product contains quality-controlled, native sampling resolution taxonomic, physical, and chemical data from soils measured during the course of an initial soil characterization effort at each NEON site. This effort was executed by the Soil Science Division of the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), in partnership with the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS). For additional details, see the user guide listed in the Documentation section below. Queries for this data product will return field collection metadata, soil taxonomy, bulk density, particle size distribution, and a host of geochemical measurements on a per horizon basis, along with a summary table of external lab detection limits and accuracy in the expanded package. Associated with these data are soil pedon descriptions and narrative summary documents, which place the plot-level data into site-level context. These documents can be found in the [NEON Document Library](http://data.neonscience.org/documents), in the folder Soil Characterization Summaries > Distributed plots. Additional soil material collected during this effort is archived and [available upon request](https://www.neonscience.org/samples/soil-archive).

Latency:
Data were collected once, at the establishment of each site. Data were published within one year of collection, and future collections at existing sites are not expected.
description: At each site, up to 4 Tower and 30 Distributed plots were sampled, with number of plots determined by NRCS based on site variability and number of soil map units present. In most Distributed base plots, a single 1 m x 1 m x 1 m soil pit was excavated. In Tower plots and sites where pit sampling is not permitted, several 10 cm diameter, 1 m deep cores were collected from within a 1 m x 1 m square (where possible). Upon excavating a pit or collecting cores, NRCS described the profile and all major horizons, assessed coarse fragment volumes, collected bulk density samples (most often by the clod method), then collected enough material to conduct all physical and geochemical laboratory analyses. Field sampling and descriptions followed the methods outlined in the NRCS Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils, version 3.0. Laboratory analyses were conducted at the Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory in Lincoln, Nebraska following the standard operating procedures outlined in the Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual, Report No. 42, Version 5, 2014. Some horizons do not have bulk density measurements - this includes plots and sites where cores were taken instead of pits and horizons where the bulk density sample was destroyed, lost, or of poor quality. Instrumentation:
DOI: 10.15468/dl.m6gn7v
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 3640 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "Country is Australia",
 "HasCoordinate is true",
 "HasGeospatialIssue is false",
 "TaxonKey is Tetragonula Moure, 1961"
 ]
}

 The dataset includes 3640 records from 17 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0003209-250127130748423/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.