cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14319785.v1
title: Dynamics and determinants of export diversification in Brazil from 2003 to 2013

description: Abstract Brazil was successful in diversifying its export package from the 1960s to the beginning of the twenty-first century. However, this performance has been more ambiguous over the last decade. This study explores the literature on the impact of export diversification on economic growth and the determinants of successful diversification. More specifically, it analyzes the dynamics of Brazilian export diversification between 2003 and 2013. The results suggest that, overall, exports momentarily concentrated in 2004, 2008 and 2012, but rejoiced from a diversification spike in 2005. Southern and Southeastern states are found to have more diversified exports, but Central-West and Northeastern states have experienced higher diversification rates since 2006. Via a dynamic panel data analysis, using System General Methods of Moments estimation method, including all Brazilian states, past diversification performances, education, patents per capita, credits and public investments are found to be significant determinants of Brazilian export diversification.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14319788.v1
title: Market and society: a comparative analysis of three socio-economic research programs

description: Abstract The meaning of the word market is not the same for different schools of socioeconomic thought. Similarly, the relationship between market and society is understood in different ways. This paper offers an interpretation of these differences comparing three socioeconomic programs of research: marginalism, the new economic sociology and Max Weber’s “social economics” (sozialökonomik”). We argue that marginalism is based on a unilateral and abstract conception of a mercantile relationship, while the interpretation of the new economic sociology is based on arbitrariness. In both solutions, this relationship remains incomprehensible. Finally, we show the Weberian system as based on a principle of historic intelligibility: rationalization, which allows it to redefine the market and its relationship with society.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14319788
title: Market and society: a comparative analysis of three socio-economic research programs

description: Abstract The meaning of the word market is not the same for different schools of socioeconomic thought. Similarly, the relationship between market and society is understood in different ways. This paper offers an interpretation of these differences comparing three socioeconomic programs of research: marginalism, the new economic sociology and Max Weber’s “social economics” (sozialökonomik”). We argue that marginalism is based on a unilateral and abstract conception of a mercantile relationship, while the interpretation of the new economic sociology is based on arbitrariness. In both solutions, this relationship remains incomprehensible. Finally, we show the Weberian system as based on a principle of historic intelligibility: rationalization, which allows it to redefine the market and its relationship with society.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14319789
title: A concept and typology of tax reform for Latin America

description: Abstract There is still no consolidated definition of tax reform in the public finance literature. This article proposes to present its own concept of tax reform. Together with the definition of tax reform the text presents a typology for the classification of these reforms. In order to apply the proposed concept and typology, a database of tax changes and reforms was built for Latin American countries between 1990 and 2004 with data from the Inter-American Development Bank. It was found that the tax reforms promoted in Latin America were characterized by focusing on relevant taxes on consumption and income, in order to raise revenue, and were implemented in a gradual manner and with overall incidence. The Latin American experience can be useful for Brazil, which for years has been trying to reform its tax system. Thus, gradual reforms, directed toward taxes of widespread incidence seem to have more chance of approval by the legislative body.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14319789.v1
title: A concept and typology of tax reform for Latin America

description: Abstract There is still no consolidated definition of tax reform in the public finance literature. This article proposes to present its own concept of tax reform. Together with the definition of tax reform the text presents a typology for the classification of these reforms. In order to apply the proposed concept and typology, a database of tax changes and reforms was built for Latin American countries between 1990 and 2004 with data from the Inter-American Development Bank. It was found that the tax reforms promoted in Latin America were characterized by focusing on relevant taxes on consumption and income, in order to raise revenue, and were implemented in a gradual manner and with overall incidence. The Latin American experience can be useful for Brazil, which for years has been trying to reform its tax system. Thus, gradual reforms, directed toward taxes of widespread incidence seem to have more chance of approval by the legislative body.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14319792.v1
title: Governance, federalism and the crisis of the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FNDCT)

description: Abstract This article analyzes the federalism in the governance of the FNDCT and how it relates to the crisis the fund is currently facing. It considers, as a reference, the national systems of public policies under construction in Brazil, for example, in the areas of Health, Education and Social Assistance. The official information analyzed has indicated that the adoption of federalism by the FNDCT’s governance is restricted to legal requirements of minimum percentages of resources allocated to economically less developed regions. This information allows us to raise the hypothesis that failure to observe federative principles contributed to the political and institutional fragility of the FNDCT's governance and, consequently, to the gestation of a major organizational and financial crisis faced by the FNDCT. Among the factors responsible for this crisis are the deviations from the original purposes of the resources allocated by law, increasing instability of fundraising and loss of revenue sources.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14319792
title: Governance, federalism and the crisis of the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FNDCT)

description: Abstract This article analyzes the federalism in the governance of the FNDCT and how it relates to the crisis the fund is currently facing. It considers, as a reference, the national systems of public policies under construction in Brazil, for example, in the areas of Health, Education and Social Assistance. The official information analyzed has indicated that the adoption of federalism by the FNDCT’s governance is restricted to legal requirements of minimum percentages of resources allocated to economically less developed regions. This information allows us to raise the hypothesis that failure to observe federative principles contributed to the political and institutional fragility of the FNDCT's governance and, consequently, to the gestation of a major organizational and financial crisis faced by the FNDCT. Among the factors responsible for this crisis are the deviations from the original purposes of the resources allocated by law, increasing instability of fundraising and loss of revenue sources.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14319794
title: Evolution of child labor rate in Brazilian states: policy limits and contradictions

description: Abstract This study descriptively explores the evolution of child labor rates in Brazilian states from 2000 to 2014 and indicates specific limits and contradictions of governmental measures adopted for its reduction. On one hand, we examine the coverage of the Bolsa Família conditional cash transfer (PBF), which is a transversal program to reduce poverty. On the other hand, we examine the design of Labor Inspections with a focus on child labor. For this, we used data from the National Household Sample Survey, the Ministry of Social Development and the Ministry of Labor and Employment. Our analysis showed that the expressive reduction of the child labor rate in Brazil was driven, in particular, by the rural areas of the North and Northeast regions. However, the agricultural sector is still the major employer of child labor. We also found that the distribution of governmental countermeasures are contradictory as to the rate of child labor in the states. Inspection activities are shorthanded in fighting child labor in domestic work and family agriculture as a result of the constitutional apparatus of the inviolability of homes. The PBF conditional cash transfer is also limited in tackling child labor given that poverty level determines eligibility.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14319794.v1
title: Evolution of child labor rate in Brazilian states: policy limits and contradictions

description: Abstract This study descriptively explores the evolution of child labor rates in Brazilian states from 2000 to 2014 and indicates specific limits and contradictions of governmental measures adopted for its reduction. On one hand, we examine the coverage of the Bolsa Família conditional cash transfer (PBF), which is a transversal program to reduce poverty. On the other hand, we examine the design of Labor Inspections with a focus on child labor. For this, we used data from the National Household Sample Survey, the Ministry of Social Development and the Ministry of Labor and Employment. Our analysis showed that the expressive reduction of the child labor rate in Brazil was driven, in particular, by the rural areas of the North and Northeast regions. However, the agricultural sector is still the major employer of child labor. We also found that the distribution of governmental countermeasures are contradictory as to the rate of child labor in the states. Inspection activities are shorthanded in fighting child labor in domestic work and family agriculture as a result of the constitutional apparatus of the inviolability of homes. The PBF conditional cash transfer is also limited in tackling child labor given that poverty level determines eligibility.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14319797
title: Brazilian inflationary dynamics from 2000 to 2009: a multisector approach

description: Abstract This work aims to analyze, from a multisector point of view, the Brazilian inflationary process between 2000 and 2009. In order to do so, we present a structural decomposition analysis methodology to be applied to the Input-Output Price Model. Based on the assumption that under normal conditions of a market economy inflation is mainly caused by the increase in production costs, we evaluate the results for the Brazilian economy during the period 2001-2009. The period is divided into three phases. In the first, 2001-2003, the major cause of Brazilian inflation is the nominal exchange rate. The second, 2004-2005, sees increases in the importance of commodity prices and wages. In the last phase, 2006-2009, labor cost exerts the most important influence on the inflation rate, and due to the behavior of income distributive variables, the service sector became an important factor in the explanation of the inflation rate in the Brazilian economy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14319797.v1
title: Brazilian inflationary dynamics from 2000 to 2009: a multisector approach

description: Abstract This work aims to analyze, from a multisector point of view, the Brazilian inflationary process between 2000 and 2009. In order to do so, we present a structural decomposition analysis methodology to be applied to the Input-Output Price Model. Based on the assumption that under normal conditions of a market economy inflation is mainly caused by the increase in production costs, we evaluate the results for the Brazilian economy during the period 2001-2009. The period is divided into three phases. In the first, 2001-2003, the major cause of Brazilian inflation is the nominal exchange rate. The second, 2004-2005, sees increases in the importance of commodity prices and wages. In the last phase, 2006-2009, labor cost exerts the most important influence on the inflation rate, and due to the behavior of income distributive variables, the service sector became an important factor in the explanation of the inflation rate in the Brazilian economy.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14319798
title: A macroeconomic assessment of the 2004-2016 period in Brazil: the cycle, crisis and resuming growth of the economy

description: Abstract Based on Keynes’ concept of convention, this article analyzes the cyclical decline of the Brazilian economy from 2011 to 2014 and the recession from 2015 to 2016 based on the relationship between the macroeconomic policies adopted, the conventions established and private investment. It is argued that contradictions and a lack of coordination marked fiscal, exchange rate and monetary policies in the 2011-2014 period, making optimistic conventions unfeasible and leading to the downward phase of the cycle. During 2015-2016, the mistaken economic policy, the political crisis and the Operation Car Wash (or Lava-Jato in Portuguese) led to the collapse of the Brazilian economy. Finally, the macroeconomic policies required for the sustained economic recovery are pointed out.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14319798.v1
title: A macroeconomic assessment of the 2004-2016 period in Brazil: the cycle, crisis and resuming growth of the economy

description: Abstract Based on Keynes’ concept of convention, this article analyzes the cyclical decline of the Brazilian economy from 2011 to 2014 and the recession from 2015 to 2016 based on the relationship between the macroeconomic policies adopted, the conventions established and private investment. It is argued that contradictions and a lack of coordination marked fiscal, exchange rate and monetary policies in the 2011-2014 period, making optimistic conventions unfeasible and leading to the downward phase of the cycle. During 2015-2016, the mistaken economic policy, the political crisis and the Operation Car Wash (or Lava-Jato in Portuguese) led to the collapse of the Brazilian economy. Finally, the macroeconomic policies required for the sustained economic recovery are pointed out.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14319800
title: Has depression economics returned?

description: Abstract The purpose of this article is to characterize the current Brazilian economic situation and outline a prescription for its recovery. Brazil currently encapsulates the main characteristics of the depressions of the 1870s and 1930s. During these events, there was a sharp fall in output, a high unemployment rate and prolonged insufficiency of demand. Brazil faces a depression and not a transitory recession. The diagnosis and the prescription for economic recovery were elaborated from the ideas and experience of J.M. Keynes during the 1930s.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14319800.v1
title: Has depression economics returned?

description: Abstract The purpose of this article is to characterize the current Brazilian economic situation and outline a prescription for its recovery. Brazil currently encapsulates the main characteristics of the depressions of the 1870s and 1930s. During these events, there was a sharp fall in output, a high unemployment rate and prolonged insufficiency of demand. Brazil faces a depression and not a transitory recession. The diagnosis and the prescription for economic recovery were elaborated from the ideas and experience of J.M. Keynes during the 1930s.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14319803
title: The fall in industrial exports to Brazil: how much was Argentine production affected?

description: Abstract Brazil has historically played a fundamental role in receiving Argentinian industrial exports. In 2014, Brazilian imports began to fall as a result of the economic recession, a fact that strongly affected the industrial exports to Brazil. In this context, the objective of this work is to analyze the impact that the fall in exports to Brazil has had on the Argentine industrial production. For the period 2011-2016, as the industrial exports accounted for near 80% of total exports to Brazil, the fall in the sector’s exports represented a reduction of 22% in industrial production. At a disaggregated level, the branches that show the greatest impact are the automotive sector and the manufacture of chemical products, followed by paper, medical instruments and electrical machinery and instruments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14319803.v1
title: The fall in industrial exports to Brazil: how much was Argentine production affected?

description: Abstract Brazil has historically played a fundamental role in receiving Argentinian industrial exports. In 2014, Brazilian imports began to fall as a result of the economic recession, a fact that strongly affected the industrial exports to Brazil. In this context, the objective of this work is to analyze the impact that the fall in exports to Brazil has had on the Argentine industrial production. For the period 2011-2016, as the industrial exports accounted for near 80% of total exports to Brazil, the fall in the sector’s exports represented a reduction of 22% in industrial production. At a disaggregated level, the branches that show the greatest impact are the automotive sector and the manufacture of chemical products, followed by paper, medical instruments and electrical machinery and instruments.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14319804.v1
title: Financialization of firms strategies in argentine primary production during the kirchnerist governments (2003-2015)

description: Abstract This paper analyzes the accumulation strategies of primary producers in Argentina from 2003 to 2015. We compare the economic surplus of these sectors and how it is used to increase productive capacities, financial investment and capital flight, as well as changes in the composition of assets. We use aggregate data on the whole formal economy provided by the Argentine tax agency. Accounting data from the primary sectors’ largest companies is also presented. We conclude that because firms have financialized accumulation strategies, productive investment is subordinated to strategies that prioritize liquidity and capital flight, causing a process of “investment reticence”. Therefore, we discuss the role of these primary sectors in promoting national economic development, as is suggested by different economic perspectives.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14319806.v1
title: Is China heading toward a Welfare State? An analysis based on the health and education systems

description: Abstract This article presents a detailed description of the Chinese welfare system, focusing our analysis on the public healthcare and education systems. It scrutinizes the main reforms and the implemented programs and analyzes some of the results and the most significant problems in the period from 1980 to 2015. The healthcare and education systems are used as a proxy for the Chinese welfare system, since similar reforms have taken place in other areas, such as in the labor market and in pension schemes. We also make a qualitative comparison with the most important welfare typologies that are used in the literature to study Western countries and some selected East Asian states.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14319806
title: Is China heading toward a Welfare State? An analysis based on the health and education systems

description: Abstract This article presents a detailed description of the Chinese welfare system, focusing our analysis on the public healthcare and education systems. It scrutinizes the main reforms and the implemented programs and analyzes some of the results and the most significant problems in the period from 1980 to 2015. The healthcare and education systems are used as a proxy for the Chinese welfare system, since similar reforms have taken place in other areas, such as in the labor market and in pension schemes. We also make a qualitative comparison with the most important welfare typologies that are used in the literature to study Western countries and some selected East Asian states.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14319813
title: Productive densification and hollowing-out process in Brazilian manufacturing

description: Abstract By import substitution, Brazilian industrialization provided high levels of productive densification; however, these levels reduced after trade liberalization. The existing studies used sectoral disaggregation that does not allow identifying productive niches that are densified or hollowed-out among the manufacturing subsectors. For the first time for Brazil, this work mapped and analyzed the degree of productive densification in all 258 industrial classes based on unpublished data obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Thus, the study identified the niches with the highest and lowest densification, which would be possible targets of public policies. Results show that the low and medium-low technology classes are still predominantly densified, but half of the high and medium-high technology industrial classes have moderate to high productive rarefaction, and some technological classes are already maquiladoras. We concluded that the more technological industrial classes' productive hollowing-out process could delay Brazilian development, particularly in Science, Technology, and Innovation.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14319813.v1
title: Productive densification and hollowing-out process in Brazilian manufacturing

description: Abstract By import substitution, Brazilian industrialization provided high levels of productive densification; however, these levels reduced after trade liberalization. The existing studies used sectoral disaggregation that does not allow identifying productive niches that are densified or hollowed-out among the manufacturing subsectors. For the first time for Brazil, this work mapped and analyzed the degree of productive densification in all 258 industrial classes based on unpublished data obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Thus, the study identified the niches with the highest and lowest densification, which would be possible targets of public policies. Results show that the low and medium-low technology classes are still predominantly densified, but half of the high and medium-high technology industrial classes have moderate to high productive rarefaction, and some technological classes are already maquiladoras. We concluded that the more technological industrial classes' productive hollowing-out process could delay Brazilian development, particularly in Science, Technology, and Innovation.