cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25921/bxvx-yr46
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Mt. Arthur, New Zealand 31KYr Speleothem Stable Isotope Data

description: Uranium-series dating and stable isotope analyses of two speleothems from northwest Nelson, New Zealand, record changes in regional climate and local forest extent over the past 31,000 years.  Oxygen isotope variation in these speleothems primarily represents changes in the meteoric waters falling above the caves, possibly responding to latitudinal changes in the position of the Subtropical Front in the Tasman Sea. Seven positive excursions can be identified in the oxygen isotope record, which coincide with periods of glacier advance, known to be sensitive to northward movement of the Subtropical Front. Four glacier advances occurred during oxygen isotope stage 2, with the most extreme glacial conditions centered on 19,000 cal yr B.P. An excursion in the oxygen isotope record from 13,800 to 11,700 cal yr B.P. provides support for a previously identified New Zealand glacier advance at the time of the Younger Dryas Stade, but suggests it began slightly before the Younger Dryas as recorded in Greenland ice cores. Carbon isotope variations in the speleothems record changes in forest productivity, closely matching existing paleovegetation records. On the basis of vegetation changes, stage 2 glacial climate conditions terminated abruptly in central New Zealand, from 15,700 to 14,200 cal yr B.P. Evidence of continuous speleothem growth at one site suggests that depression of the local treeline was limited to 600-700 m below its present altitude, throughout the last 31,000 years.
description: Continuous high-resolution stable isotope records from caves 
in New Zealand over the last 31,000 yr.  Mt. Arthur (1795 m)  
is located northwestern corner of New Zealand's South Island, 
underlain by many known cave systems, the two largest and 
deepest being Exhaleair and Nettlebed Caves used for this study. 

A 50-mm-diameter core sample was recovered from each site 
by drilling into gently sloping flowstones (massive sheet
speleothems which form on cave walls and floors). 
Core MD3 was dated at nine points, and Core ED1 was dated at 
three points, using the mass-spectrometric 238U-234U-230Th method.
DOI: 10.25921/bvjj-8q98
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Denali, Alaska Snowpit and Firn Core Chemistry Data

description: Samples were collected from a snow pit and shallow firn core near Kahiltna Pass (2970ma.s.l.), Denali National Park, Alaska, USA, in May 2008. The record spans autumn 2003 to spring 2008 and reveals clusters of ice layers interpreted as summertime intervals of above-freezing temperatures. High correlation coefficients (0.75-1.00) between annual ice-layer thickness and regional summertime station temperatures for 4 years (n = 4) indicate ice-layer thickness is a good proxy for mean and extreme summertime temperatures across Alaska, at least over the short period of record. A Rex-block (aka high-over-low) pattern, a downstream trough over Hudson Bay, Canada, and an upstream trough over eastern Siberia occurred during the three melting events that lasted at least 2 weeks. About half of all shorter melting events were associated with a cut-off low traversing the Gulf of Alaska. We hypothesize that a surface-to-bedrock core extracted from this location would provide a high-quality record of summer temperature and atmospheric blocking variability for the last several hundred years.
description: Data from 2008 firn core project on Denali. Included are snowpit 
and firn core chemistry data, automated weather station (AWS) data, 
and ground penetrating radar (GPR) data.  In May 2008, samples 
were collected from a 4.35m deep snow pit and an 18.77m long,
8.2 cm diameter firn core drilled in the bottom of the pit, 
approximately 1 km south of Kahiltna Pass (KPass) at 2970m a.s.l, 
Denali National Park, Alaska.  An additional snowpit at the 
Kahiltna base camp (2195ma.s.l.; 11km south-southeast of KPass) 
was sampled for chemistry.  Hourly AWS data were recorded 
at the base camp from May 2008 to May 2009, and are included 
in this data set. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) raw data 
are presented in 6 .DZT files.  GPR images are contained 
in a Microsoft PowerPoint file.  These data plus the snow pit 
and firn chemistry data are archived at: 
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/denali/
DOI: 10.25921/b8t7-1g49
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Pederson - Uttertown - QURU - ITRDB NJ006

description: Six water emergencies have occurred since 1981 for the New York City region (NYC) despite: 1) its perhumid climate, 2) substantial conservation of water since 1979 and 3) meteorological data showing little severe or extreme drought since 1970. We reconstruct 472 years of moisture availability for the NYC watershed to place these emergencies in long-term hydroclimatic context. Using nested reconstruction techniques, 32 tree-ring chronologies comprised of 12 species account for up to 66.2% of the average May-August Palmer Drought Severity Index. Verification statistics indicate good statistical skill from 1531-2003. The use of multiple tree species, including rarely-used species that can sometimes occur on mesic sites like Liriodendron tulipifera, Betula lenta and Carya spp., seems to aid reconstruction skill. Importantly, the reconstruction captures pluvial events in the instrumental record nearly as well as drought events and is significantly correlated to precipitation over much of the northeastern US. While the mid-1960s drought is a severe drought in the context of the new reconstruction, the region experienced repeated droughts of similar intensity, but greater duration during the 16th and 17th centuries. The full record reveals a trend towards more pluvial conditions since ca 1800 that is accentuated by an unprecedented, 43-year pluvial event that continues through 2011. In the context of the current pluvial, decreasing water usage, but increasing extra-urban pressures, it appears that the water supply system for the greater NYC region could be severely stressed if the current water boom shifts towards hydroclimatic regimes like the 16th and 17th centuries.
description: Most of this collection of QURU raw ring widths was made by N. Pederson on rolling sandstone, near West Milford, NJ. These data were collected for a dendroecological study of southern temperate trees growing at or near a northern range margin. While the oldest trees in the stand were targeted, the goal of field sampling was to collect a range of existing tree ages within the stand. The stand in which these trees are sampled generally has shallow soil depth, although there are areas with pockets of deep soil. The forest was dense at the time of sampling and is mostly old-growth forest; some portions of this forest has evidence of logging, though. Because of this and despite red oak?s relative intolerance  to shade, detrending of these raw data should be conducted with closed-canopy or forest interior conditions and forest disturbance in mind. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/bfk3-yt95
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Mundo - Ea Nahuel Mapi - ARAR - ITRDB ARGE117

description: Seventeen tree-ring chronologies from the conifer Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch have been analyzed across its range of distribution in Argentina. We studied the growth patterns and determined the main climatic factors influencing A. araucana radial growth. All the chronologies show a strong common signal observed by the high amount of variance explained by the first principal component (PC1) and the high mean correlation (r = 0.597) between the chronologies over the 1676-1974 interval. On this basis, we developed a regional chronology that is 866 years long (A.D. 1140-2006) and includes 621 tree-ring series. Based on the PC2 scores, chronologies were clearly separated by elevation in high- and low-elevation records. Regional tree growth is strongly negatively related to temperatures during summer and fall in the previous-growing season and spring in the current-growing season, respectively. A positive association of tree growth with precipitation is recorded during spring in the current growing season. These results suggest a close relationship between A. araucana tree growth and water availability on a regional scale. This observation is also consistent with a positive and significant correlation between our A. araucana regional record and a reconstruction of November-December rainfall for northern Patagonia inferred from the xeric Austrocedrus chilensis during the past 400 years. Negative correlations between A. araucana regional growth and the sea surface temperature in the Nino 3.4 region reflect the occurrence of above-mean summer temperatures in the region during positive tropical Pacific SST anomalies. The negative relationship with the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) results from reduced precipitation in our study region during the positive phase of the AAO. The effect of elevation on water availability is consistent with significant correlations between ring-width variations at lower elevations and the Palmer Drought Severity Index during spring and summer in the current growing season. Our study emphasizes the high dendroclimatological potential of A. araucana chronologies for reconstructing past climate variations in northern Patagonia during the past millennium.
description: NOAA Template Chronology file added 2018-12-13. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-04-29.
DOI: 10.25921/bpm9-pv10
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Main River Region, Germany 2,000 Year Precipitation Reconstruction

description: A reconstruction of hydroclimate with an annual resolution covering millennia for a geographically limited region in continental Europe significantly improves our knowledge of past climate dynamics. With the use of an extensive collection of oak ring-width series (Quercus robur and Quercus petraea) from living trees, historic timbers and subfossil alluvial wood deposits from the Main River region in southern Germany, a regional, 2000-year long, seasonally resolved hydroclimate reconstruction for the Main region has been developed. Climate-growth response analysis has been performed with daily climate records from AD 1900 onwards. To test the stability of the developed transfer function, a bootstrapped transfer function stability test (BTFS) as well as a classical calibration/verification approach have been implemented to study climate-growth model performance. Living oak trees from the Main River region show a significant sensitivity to the precipitation sum from 26 February to 6 July (spring to midsummer) during the full (r=0.49, p<0.01, N=116) and split (r=0.58, p<0.01, N=58) calibration periods. BTFS confirmed the stability of the developed transfer function. The developed precipitation reconstruction reveals high variability on a high- to mid-frequency scale during the past two millennia. Very dry spring to midsummer seasons lasting multiple years appeared in the decades AD 500/510s, 940s, 1170s, 1390s and 1160s. At the end of the AD 330s, a persistent multi-year drought with drastically reduced rainfall (with regard to 1901-2000) could be identified, which was the driest decade over the past 2000 years in this region. In the AD 550s, 1050s, 1310s and 1480s, multi-year periods with high rainfall hit the Main region. In spring to midsummer of AD 338, precipitation was reduced by ~38 % and in AD 357 it increased by ~39 %. The presented hydroclimate reconstruction and its comparison to other records reveal interesting insights into the hydroclimate dynamics of the geographically limited area over the Common Era, in addition to revealing noticeable temporal differences.
description: Spring through mid summer (February 26-July 06) precipitation reconstruction for the Main River region, southern Germany, for the Common Era. Reconstruction is based on an oak (Quercus robur, Quercus petraea) tree ring width data set available at: https://zenodo.org/deposit/1453330 (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1453330). Due to the standardization procedure of the raw tree-ring series the developed record holds high- to mid-frequency variability.
DOI: 10.25921/bya7-d110
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Pederson - Beartooth Lookout - PSME - ITRDB MT150

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: Upper Missouri River Basin Streamflow project NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2020-01-15.
DOI: 10.25921/b8j1-y472
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - D'Arrigo - Bekutuk - TEGR - ITRDB INDO002

description: The Asian monsoon system affects more than half of humanity worldwide, yet the dynamical processes that govern its complex spatiotemporal variability are not sufficiently understood to model and predict its behavior, due in part to inadequate long-term climate observations. Here we present the Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas (MADA), a seasonally resolved gridded spatial reconstruction of Asian monsoon drought and pluvials over the past millennium, derived from a network of tree-ring chronologies. MADA provides the spatiotemporal details of known historic monsoon failures and reveals the occurrence, severity, and fingerprint of previously unknown monsoon megadroughts and their close linkages to large-scale patterns of tropical Indo-Pacific sea surface temperatures. MADA thus provides a long-term context for recent monsoon variability that is critically needed for climate modeling, prediction, and attribution.
description: Purpose of Collection:  
# Climatology - precipitation analysis  NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-04-08. July 2024: Elevation added by WDS-Paleo using get_elev_point() from the elevatr R package with the AWS Terrain Tiles (aws) and WGS 84 reference frame.
DOI: 10.25921/b7rd-q318
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Cook - Ed's Gaspe - THOC - ITRDB CANA316

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-01-27. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-04.
DOI: 10.25921/bm63-cm79
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Lake SS1220, Greenland 5200Yr Geochemical Data and NAO Reconstruction

description: Climate in the Arctic region and northwestern Europe is strongly affected by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the dominant mode of atmospheric variability at mid-latitudes in the North Atlantic region. The NAO index is an indicator of atmospheric circulation and weather patterns: when the index is positive, Europe and the eastern US are mild and wet, whereas Greenland and northern Canada are cold and dry. A negative index is associated with the reverse pattern. Reconstructions of the NAO have so far been limited to the past 900 years. Here we analyse a 5,200-year-long, high-resolution lake sediment record from southwestern Greenland to reconstruct lake hypolimnic anoxia, and link the results to an existing reconstruction of the NAO index from tree rings and speleothems. Using the relationship between the two records, we find that around 4,500 and 650 years ago—around the end of the Holocene Thermal Maximum and the beginning of the Little Ice Age, respectively—the NAO changed from generally positive to variable, intermittently negative conditions. We suggest that variability in the dominant state of the NAO tend to coincide with large-scale changes in Northern Hemisphere climate. However, the onset of the Medieval Climate Anomaly was not associated with any notable changes in the NAO.
description: Multiproxy sediment data and NAO reconstruction from Lake SS1220 in Kangerlussuaq, southwest Greenland, for the past 5200 years. Paleoenvironmental proxies measured include major elements, stable isotopes, magnetics, and sediment gray scale. 
Lake SS1220: ~67°N, ~51°W
DOI: 10.25921/bttt-s890
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Büntgen - DolinaRygbiego - PCAB - ITRDB POLA026

description: We analyzed growth responses to climate of 24 tree-ring width and four maximum latewood density chronologies from the greater Tatra region in Poland and Slovakia. This network comprises 1183 ring-width and 153 density measurement series from four conifer species (Picea abies (L.) Karst., Larix decidua Mill., Abies alba (L.) Karst., and Pinus mugo (L.)) between 800 and 1550 m a.s.l. Individual spline detrending was used to retain annual to multi-decadal scale climate information in the data. Twentieth century temperature and precipitation data from 16 grid-boxes covering the 48-50 °N and 19-21 °E region were used for comparison. The network was analyzed to assess growth responses to climate as a function of species, elevation, parameter, frequency and site ecology. Twenty ring-width chronologies significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with June-July temperatures, whereas the latewood density chronologies were correlated with the April-September temperatures. Climatic effects of the previous-year summer generally did not significantly influence ring formation, whereas site elevation and frequency of growth variations (i.e., inter-annual and decadal) were significant variables in explaining growth response to climate. Response to precipitation increased with decreasing elevation. Correlations between summer temperatures and annual growth rates were lower for Larix decidua than for Picea abies. Principal component analysis identified five dominant eigenvectors that express somewhat contrasting climatic signals. The first principal component contained highest loadings from 11 Picea abies ring-width chronologies and one Pinus mugo ring-width chronology and explained 42% of the network's variance. The mean of these 12 high-elevation chronologies was significantly correlated at 0.62 with June-July temperatures, whereas the mean of three latewood density chronologies, which loaded most strongly on the fourth principal component, significantly correlated at 0.69 with April-September temperatures (P < 0.001 over the 1901-2002 period in both cases). These groupings allow for a robust estimation of June-July (1661-2004) and April-September (1709-2004) temperatures, respectively. Comparison with reconstructions from the Alps and Central Europe supports the general rule of the dominant influence of growing season temperature on high-elevation forest growth.
description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-05.
DOI: 10.25921/b9y1-bm53
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Cook - Middle Pawtuckaway Mountain - JUVI - ITRDB NH006

description: Tree ring data from the International Tree Ring Data Bank and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives.  Most data sets include raw treering measurements (most are annual ring width, with some collections of earlywood or latewood width or wood density), plus chronologies (standardized growth indices for a site compiled from multiple treering samples). Reconstructions of climate variables are included with some of these data sets.  Each data type is stored in a separate data file; the data type is coded into the file name. For details please see: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treeinfo.htmll
description: Purpose of Collection:  
# US National Science Foundation Eastnet Project NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/bty0-1250
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Pederson - Big Canoe - QUSP - ITRDB GA013

description: The depth of the 2006-9 drought in the humid, southeastern US left several metropolitan areas with only a 60-120 day water supply. To put the region's recent drought variability in a long-term perspective, a dense and diverse tree-ring network-including the first records throughout the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint river basin - is used to reconstruct drought from 1665 to 2010 CE. The network accounts for up to 58.1% of the annual variance in warm-season drought during the 20th century and captures wet eras during the middle to late 20th century. The reconstruction shows that the recent droughts are not unprecedented over the last 346 years. Indeed, droughts of extended duration occurred more frequently between 1696 and 1820. Our results indicate that the era in which local and state water supply decisions were developed and the period of instrumental data upon which it is based are amongst the wettest since at least 1665. Given continued growth and subsequent industrial, agricultural and metropolitan demand throughout the southeast, insights from paleohydroclimate records suggest that the threat of water-related conflict in the region has potential to grow more intense in the decades to come.
description:  NOAA Template Chronology file added 2018-12-20. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
DOI: 10.25921/bq7z-e940
title: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Touchan - Fenton Lake Recollection - PSME - ITRDB NM587

description: Drought is a recurring phenomenon in the American Southwest. Since the frequency and severity of hydrologic droughts and other hydroclimatic events are of critical importance to the ecology and rapidly growing human population of this region, knowledge of long-term natural hydroclimatic variability is valuable for resource managers and policy-makers. An October-June precipitation reconstruction for the period AD 824-2007 was developed from multi-century tree-ring records of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir), Pinus strobiformis (Southwestern white pine) and Pinus ponderosa (Ponderosa pine) for the Jemez Mountains in Northern New Mexico. Calibration and verification statistics for the period 1896-2007 show a high level of skill, and account for a significant portion of the observed variance (>50%) irrespective of which period is used to develop or verify the regression model. Split-sample validation supports our use of a reconstruction model based on the full period of reliable observational data (1896-2007). A recent segment of the reconstruction (2000-2006) emerges as the driest 7-year period sensed by the trees in the entire record. That this period was only moderately dry in precipitation anomaly likely indicates accentuated stress from other factors, such as warmer temperatures. Correlation field maps of actual and reconstructed October-June total precipitation, sea surface temperatures and 500-mb geopotential heights show characteristics that are similar to those indicative of El Niño-Southern Oscillation patterns, particularly with regard to ocean and atmospheric conditions in the equatorial and north Pacific. Our 1184-year reconstruction of hydroclimatic variability provides long-term perspective on current and 20th century wet and dry events in Northern New Mexico, is useful to guide expectations of future variability, aids sustainable water management, provides scenarios for drought planning and as inputs for hydrologic models under a broader range of conditions than those provided by historical climate records.
description:  NOAA Template Chronology file added 2018-12-20. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.