DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qjq2bvqp5
title: No evidence for the consistent effect of supplementary feeding on home range size in terrestrial mammals

description: Food availability and distribution are key drivers of animal space use.
 Supplemental food provided by humans can be more abundant and predictable
 than natural resources. It is thus believed that supplementary feeding
 modifies the spatial behaviour of wildlife. Yet, such effects have not
 been tested quantitatively across species. Here, we analysed changes in
 home range size due to supplementary feeding in 23 species of terrestrial
 mammals using a meta-analysis of 28 studies. Additionally, we investigated
 the moderating effect of factors related to i) species biology (sex, body
 mass, taxonomic group), ii) feeding regimen (duration, amount, purpose),
 and iii) methods of data collection and analysis (source of data,
 estimator, spatial confinement). We found no consistent effect of
 supplementary feeding on changes in home range size. While an overall
 tendency of reduced home range was observed, moderators varied in the
 direction and strength of the trends. Our results suggest that multiple
 drivers and complex mechanisms of home range behaviour can make it
 insensitive to manipulation with supplementary feeding. The small number
 of available studies stands in contrast with the ubiquity and magnitude of
 supplementary feeding worldwide, highlighting a knowledge gap in our
 understanding of the effects of supplementary feeding on ranging
 behaviour.
description: We used Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus, two
 publisher-independent global citation databases, to identify published
 articles that analysed the effect of supplementary feeding on home range
 size in terrestrial mammals.We extracted home range size, its standard
 deviation (SD), and sample size from each publication for the experimental
 group of animals with supplementary feeding and the control group
 without.For each home range comparison, we compiled information about the
 species, its taxonomic group (rodent, carnivore, and ungulate),
 individual's sex, supplementary food amount (limited or <em>ad
 libitum</em>) and feeding duration, spatial confinement
 (free-ranging or enclosure), source of spatial data (telemetry or
 capture-mark-recapture), and home range estimator (kernel density
 estimation (KDE) or minimum convex polygon (MCP)). Moreover, we divided
 the publications into intentional and unintentional feeding studies.To
 measure the change of the home range size from no-feeding to feeding
 treatment, we used the Hedges'g estimator of the effect
 size.Meta-analytic mixed-effects models, fitted with the function rma.rm
 of the metafor package, were used to examine the effects of supplementary
 feeding on home range size.
description: # Paper No evidence for the consistent effect of supplementary feeding on
 home range size in terrestrial mammals # Author Astrid Olejarz
 and Tomasz Podgórski # Data and Coding
 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qjq2bvqp5](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qjq2bvqp5) ## Description of the data and file structure This README file describes the columns of the CSV file accompanying the above publication. The CSV file collects the data of all articles used for the meta-analysis.  Cells with "NA" represent not available date. All analyses in R were performed based on the data collection in the CSV file. Website - Website used for the created Boolean operator Author - Main author of the article Year - Year of publication of the article Animal - Species name of the studied animal Classification - Classification of the species based on the order Classification - Classification of the species based on the diet Country - The country in which the article has been conducted Continent - The continent in which the article has been conducted  Location - Area within the country in which the article has been conducted  Group - Number of groups within the article; the group is divided by season, location and experimental group Sex - Sex of the studied animal SampleSizeF - Number of sampled species in the supplementary feeding group  SampleSizeC - Number of sampled species in the control group without supplementary feeding  Season - Number of seasons the experiment of supplementary feeding has been conducted  Category - Division of supplementary feeding in unintentional and intentional supplementary feeding FeedingPlace - Division of the study area in free-ranging and enclosure MethodCollection - Division of the method of collected tracking data MethodEstimation - Division of the method of home range size estimation  BodyMassg - Body mass for each species of the study, based on the panTHERIA dataset BodyMassC - Division of the body size in four categories (&lt;1kg, 1-10kg, 10-100kg, &gt;100kg) TimeFeeding_Month - Duration of the supplementary feeding experiment in the scale of months TimeFeedingC - Division of the duration of the supplementary feeding experiment in three categories (&lt;6month, 6-12month, &gt;12month) AmountFood - Amount of supplementary food provided in the study HR_Feeding – Original value of home range size under supplementary feeding ScaleOriginal - Original scale of the home range size under supplementary feeding HR_Feeding_km2 - Home range size under supplementary feeding in km^2 SD_Feeding - Original values of the variability of the data divided in SD (Standard Deviation), SE (Standard Error) or CI (Confidence Interval) for home range size under supplementary feeding  SD_Feeding_km2 - Standard deviation for home range size under supplementary feeding  HR_Control – Original value of home range size without supplementary feeding HR_Control_km2 - Home range size without supplementary feeding in km^2 SD_Control - Original values of the variability of the data divided in SD (Standard Deviation), SE (Standard Error) or CI (Confidence Interval) for home range size without supplementary feeding  SD_Control_km2 - Standard deviation for home range size without supplementary feeding  Hedges - Hedges g, a measure of the effect size  Variance - Calculated variance of the Hedges g value Notes - Additional information extracted from the article  ## Code/Software R environment version 4.2.2