cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-453-1
title: Diagram MAPD0453

description: Equinoctium: The diagram represents the balance between added lengths of daylight and subtracted lengths of daylight in the three months before and after each solstice. Three concentric and equidistant semi-circles, extended to form horseshoe-shaped lines, set the framework for this diagram. Within the innermost of the three, a straight line bisects the space and extends to become parallel with the legs of the horseshoe shapes. The six ends of the horseshoes are numbered. From the outside in on each side of the figure the three legs are labeled with numerals, one to three, and often with the words for "first", "second", and "third" as well. The label, "equinoctium", appears in the curved section of the diagram.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-457-1
title: Diagram MAPD0457

description: Equinoctium: The diagram represents the balance between added lengths of daylight and subtracted lengths of daylight in the three months before and after each solstice. Three concentric and equidistant semi-circles, extended to form horseshoe-shaped lines, set the framework for this diagram. Within the innermost of the three, a straight line bisects the space and extends to become parallel with the legs of the horseshoe shapes. The six ends of the horseshoes are numbered. From the outside in on each side of the figure the three legs are labeled with numerals, one to three, and often with the words for "first", "second", and "third" as well. The label, "equinoctium", appears in the curved section of the diagram.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-459-1
title: Diagram MAPD0459

description: Equinoctium: The diagram represents the balance between added lengths of daylight and subtracted lengths of daylight in the three months before and after each solstice. Three concentric and equidistant semi-circles, extended to form horseshoe-shaped lines, set the framework for this diagram. Within the innermost of the three, a straight line bisects the space and extends to become parallel with the legs of the horseshoe shapes. The six ends of the horseshoes are numbered. From the outside in on each side of the figure the three legs are labeled with numerals, one to three, and often with the words for "first", "second", and "third" as well. The label, "equinoctium", appears in the curved section of the diagram.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-464-1
title: Diagram MAPD0464

description: Libra Aries: We find three feasible interpretations for this diagram. One interpretation emphasizes the mention by Capella (VIII.872) of successive diametrically opposed points along the ecliptic as the sun makes its daily motion. In this passage Capella names first the opposing signs of Aries and Libra as he describes the daily passage. A second interpretation emphasizes the four numbered sections and the opposing signs as elements of Capella's description (VIII.874) of the emergence of opposite seasons on opposite sides of the globe, with the numbers referring to the four seasons and the signs Libra and Aries as the signs for equinoxes and the change of seasons. A third interpretation has elements of both the preceding ones but refers more closely to the second (VIII.874). The signs Libra and Aries are the signs for equinoctial changes of seasons, and the four numerals refer to the first four degrees of these two signs, where, according to recognized authority (Bede, De temporum ratione, 6) the equinoxes occurred at the time of Creation, at 4° of Aries and at 4° of Libra. Johannes Scottus (Eriugena), "Annotationes in Marcianum", ed. C. Lutz (Cambridge: Mediaeval Academy of America, 1939), p. 168(at 427,6) used this definition of the equinoxes. Eriugena wrote this in the 850s. An outer circle contains a small central circle and ten lines connecting the outer with the inner circle. These ten lines are in some cases separate lines and in other cases segments of radial lines. The ten lines appear in two groups that oppose each other. Commonly the four spaces constituted by a group of five lines contain the numerals from one to four; these numerals are always arranged as opposites. That is, proceeding counter-clockwise, we find the first space in each group with the numeral for one, and so forth. Outside this arrangement of two circles with connecting lines are written the names, or abbreviations, of the two signs Libra and Aries. Each of the names appears close to one of the groups of five lines.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-468-1
title: Diagram MAPD0468

description: Libra Aries: We find three feasible interpretations for this diagram. One interpretation emphasizes the mention by Capella (VIII.872) of successive diametrically opposed points along the ecliptic as the sun makes its daily motion. In this passage Capella names first the opposing signs of Aries and Libra as he describes the daily passage. A second interpretation emphasizes the four numbered sections and the opposing signs as elements of Capella's description (VIII.874) of the emergence of opposite seasons on opposite sides of the globe, with the numbers referring to the four seasons and the signs Libra and Aries as the signs for equinoxes and the change of seasons. A third interpretation has elements of both the preceding ones but refers more closely to the second (VIII.874). The signs Libra and Aries are the signs for equinoctial changes of seasons, and the four numerals refer to the first four degrees of these two signs, where, according to recognized authority (Bede, De temporum ratione, 6) the equinoxes occurred at the time of Creation, at 4° of Aries and at 4° of Libra. Johannes Scottus (Eriugena), "Annotationes in Marcianum", ed. C. Lutz (Cambridge: Mediaeval Academy of America, 1939), p. 168(at 427,6) used this definition of the equinoxes. Eriugena wrote this in the 850s. An outer circle contains a small central circle and ten lines connecting the outer with the inner circle. These ten lines are in some cases separate lines and in other cases segments of radial lines. The ten lines appear in two groups that oppose each other. Commonly the four spaces constituted by a group of five lines contain the numerals from one to four; these numerals are always arranged as opposites. That is, proceeding counter-clockwise, we find the first space in each group with the numeral for one, and so forth. Outside this arrangement of two circles with connecting lines are written the names, or abbreviations, of the two signs Libra and Aries. Each of the names appears close to one of the groups of five lines.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-360-1
title: Diagram MAPD0360

description: Equales Inequales: The diagram represents the simple difference between perpendicular (at equal angles) and oblique (at unequal angles) paths, which characterize the different speeds of rising and setting of constellations. Across four parallel horizontals are drawn both a diagonal and a perpendicular. These latter two lines intersect in the middle space formed by the four parallels. The label, "equales - inequales" appears above the diagram. No labels appear on the angles formed within the diagram.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-387-1
title: Diagram MAPD0387

description: Circumsolar Concentric: An arrangement with Venus and Mercury on concentric circles around the Sun. In this type of diagram the usual order has Venus on the outer circle and Mercury on the inner circle, while the Sun appears either on an arc or on its full circle. The earth may or may not appear as the body around which the Sun revolves. This diagram may or may not include further planetary circles or the zodiacal circle. The diagram is not connected to any other planetary diagram in the way that the elements of the "Three versions" are connected. One unusual version (version x) shows Venus on an oval and Mercury on a circle, with the oval cutting the circle on both sides, longitudinally, with respect to the Sun. See description and text for "Three versions" (above).
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-393-1
title: Diagram MAPD0393

description: Circumsolar Concentric: An arrangement with Venus and Mercury on concentric circles around the Sun. In this type of diagram the usual order has Venus on the outer circle and Mercury on the inner circle, while the Sun appears either on an arc or on its full circle. The earth may or may not appear as the body around which the Sun revolves. This diagram may or may not include further planetary circles or the zodiacal circle. The diagram is not connected to any other planetary diagram in the way that the elements of the "Three versions" are connected. One unusual version (version x) shows Venus on an oval and Mercury on a circle, with the oval cutting the circle on both sides, longitudinally, with respect to the Sun. See description and text for "Three versions" (above).
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-394-1
title: Diagram MAPD0394

description: Circumsolar Concentric: An arrangement with Venus and Mercury on concentric circles around the Sun. In this type of diagram the usual order has Venus on the outer circle and Mercury on the inner circle, while the Sun appears either on an arc or on its full circle. The earth may or may not appear as the body around which the Sun revolves. This diagram may or may not include further planetary circles or the zodiacal circle. The diagram is not connected to any other planetary diagram in the way that the elements of the "Three versions" are connected. One unusual version (version x) shows Venus on an oval and Mercury on a circle, with the oval cutting the circle on both sides, longitudinally, with respect to the Sun. See description and text for "Three versions" (above).
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-395-1
title: Diagram MAPD0395

description: Circumsolar Concentric: An arrangement with Venus and Mercury on concentric circles around the Sun. In this type of diagram the usual order has Venus on the outer circle and Mercury on the inner circle, while the Sun appears either on an arc or on its full circle. The earth may or may not appear as the body around which the Sun revolves. This diagram may or may not include further planetary circles or the zodiacal circle. The diagram is not connected to any other planetary diagram in the way that the elements of the "Three versions" are connected. One unusual version (version x) shows Venus on an oval and Mercury on a circle, with the oval cutting the circle on both sides, longitudinally, with respect to the Sun. See description and text for "Three versions" (above).
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-407-1
title: Diagram MAPD0407

description: Circumsolar Intersecting: An arrangement with Venus and Mercury on intersecting circles around the Sun. In this type of diagram Venus usually appears on the outermost circle in the pattern, producing the resultant planetary sequence from the Moon outward: Mercury -- Venus - Sun -- Mercury -- Venus. The two intersecting circles are usually about the same size, although the circle of Venus may be significantly larger than that of Mercury. The Sun may appear either on an arc or on its full circle. The earth may or may not appear as the body around which the Sun revolves. This diagram may or may not include further planetary circles or the zodiacal circle. The diagram is not connected to any other planetary diagram in the way that the elements of the "Three versions" are connected. See description and text for "Three versions" (above).
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-411-1
title: Diagram MAPD0411

description: Circumsolar Pendant: An arrangement with Venus and Mercury each located on a part of a pendant circle or oval or other closed curve. The pendant for each planet is formed by the truncation of the top, or outside, of a closed curve (circle or other) by the path of the Sun. In this arrangement the pendant of Mercury usually hangs lower, bringing this planet closer than Venus to the earth. The Sun may appear either on an arc or on its full circle. The earth may or may not appear as the body around which the Sun revolves. This diagram may or may not include further planetary circles or the zodiacal circle. The diagram is not connected to any other planetary diagram in the way that the elements of the "Three versions" are connected. See description and text for "Three versions" (above).
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-420-1
title: Diagram MAPD0420

description: Condicione Partium: For the text (VIII.880) the central object is the sphere of the Sun, with the five lines on either side representing solar rays, which obscure the planet Mercury except when it is sufficiently elongated from the Sun to be visible while the Sun is below the horizon. Either an oval or a circle has attached to its exterior two groups of lines more or less opposed to each other. The number of lines in each group is usually five. The lines may be horizontal or they may be inclined to the central oval/circle. A few examples make these lines wavelike. Within each group the lines are close to parallel and do not appear as segments of lines radiating from a center. These lines never cross the central oval/circle. Outside the diagram and not involved in any part of the diagram itself is the label, "condicione partium", or "condicione", or no label at all. In some cases additional clarification is made by adding a labeled circle for Mercury on either side of the sun's rays.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-421-1
title: Diagram MAPD0421

description: Condicione Partium: For the text (VIII.880) the central object is the sphere of the Sun, with the five lines on either side representing solar rays, which obscure the planet Mercury except when it is sufficiently elongated from the Sun to be visible while the Sun is below the horizon. Either an oval or a circle has attached to its exterior two groups of lines more or less opposed to each other. The number of lines in each group is usually five. The lines may be horizontal or they may be inclined to the central oval/circle. A few examples make these lines wavelike. Within each group the lines are close to parallel and do not appear as segments of lines radiating from a center. These lines never cross the central oval/circle. Outside the diagram and not involved in any part of the diagram itself is the label, "condicione partium", or "condicione", or no label at all. In some cases additional clarification is made by adding a labeled circle for Mercury on either side of the sun's rays.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-423-1
title: Diagram MAPD0423

description: Condicione Partium: For the text (VIII.880) the central object is the sphere of the Sun, with the five lines on either side representing solar rays, which obscure the planet Mercury except when it is sufficiently elongated from the Sun to be visible while the Sun is below the horizon. Either an oval or a circle has attached to its exterior two groups of lines more or less opposed to each other. The number of lines in each group is usually five. The lines may be horizontal or they may be inclined to the central oval/circle. A few examples make these lines wavelike. Within each group the lines are close to parallel and do not appear as segments of lines radiating from a center. These lines never cross the central oval/circle. Outside the diagram and not involved in any part of the diagram itself is the label, "condicione partium", or "condicione", or no label at all. In some cases additional clarification is made by adding a labeled circle for Mercury on either side of the sun's rays.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-425-1
title: Diagram MAPD0425

description: Absque Libra: The diagram simply uses a vertical line to demarcate the beginning of the sign of Libra and then shows the Sun at mid-latitude before entering the sign while showing the Sun one half a degree above and below its previous latitude after entering Libra. Four horizontal parallels, equally spaced, are cut by a vertical line. To the left of the vertical there appears a small circle in the middle space formed by the four parallels. To the right of the vertical there appear two small circles, one bisected by the second parallel down, the other bisected by the third parallel down. These two circles to the right of the vertical are placed with the upper circle distinctly to the left of the lower circle. On the right side of the vertical line there appears above the four parallels the letter "L". Below the top parallel, to the right of the vertical line, is the phrase from the text, "absque Libre confinio", or some variant of this.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-430-1
title: Diagram MAPD0430

description: Eclipses: The diagram combines both solar and lunar eclipses in a single diagram. It presents only the longitudinal motions and accounts for only the most basic elements of solar and lunar eclipse. The figure combines the elements for a plane representation of both solar and lunar eclipses.Two concentric circles show the paths of Sun and Moon around the earth, usually labeled and placed in the center of the circles, though sometimes off-center. Vertically and in line with each other, are four small circles, representing the bodies of the Earth and planets involved. Lowest is the body of the Moon on its circle. Next is the earth, connected to the lunar body by a cone or column for the shadow ("umbra", when labeled) of the Earth upon the Moon below it. Vertically above the Earth is another lunar circle, here for a solar eclipse. Uppermost in the diagram is the small circle for the body of the Sun. Between the upper lunar circle and the solar circle above it appears the label for ``conjunction'' ("coitus").
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-435-1
title: Diagram MAPD0435

description: Eclipses: The diagram combines both solar and lunar eclipses in a single diagram. It presents only the longitudinal motions and accounts for only the most basic elements of solar and lunar eclipse. The figure combines the elements for a plane representation of both solar and lunar eclipses.Two concentric circles show the paths of Sun and Moon around the earth, usually labeled and placed in the center of the circles, though sometimes off-center. Vertically and in line with each other, are four small circles, representing the bodies of the Earth and planets involved. Lowest is the body of the Moon on its circle. Next is the earth, connected to the lunar body by a cone or column for the shadow ("umbra", when labeled) of the Earth upon the Moon below it. Vertically above the Earth is another lunar circle, here for a solar eclipse. Uppermost in the diagram is the small circle for the body of the Sun. Between the upper lunar circle and the solar circle above it appears the label for ``conjunction'' ("coitus").
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-438-1
title: Diagram MAPD0438

description: Eclipses: The diagram combines both solar and lunar eclipses in a single diagram. It presents only the longitudinal motions and accounts for only the most basic elements of solar and lunar eclipse. The figure combines the elements for a plane representation of both solar and lunar eclipses.Two concentric circles show the paths of Sun and Moon around the earth, usually labeled and placed in the center of the circles, though sometimes off-center. Vertically and in line with each other, are four small circles, representing the bodies of the Earth and planets involved. Lowest is the body of the Moon on its circle. Next is the earth, connected to the lunar body by a cone or column for the shadow ("umbra", when labeled) of the Earth upon the Moon below it. Vertically above the Earth is another lunar circle, here for a solar eclipse. Uppermost in the diagram is the small circle for the body of the Sun. Between the upper lunar circle and the solar circle above it appears the label for ``conjunction'' ("coitus").
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-446-1
title: Diagram MAPD0446

description: Equales Inequales: The diagram represents the simple difference between perpendicular (at equal angles) and oblique (at unequal angles) paths, which characterize the different speeds of rising and setting of constellations. Across four parallel horizontals are drawn both a diagonal and a perpendicular. These latter two lines intersect in the middle space formed by the four parallels. The label, "equales - inequales" appears above the diagram. No labels appear on the angles formed within the diagram.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-447-1
title: Diagram MAPD0447

description: Absque Libra: The diagram simply uses a vertical line to demarcate the beginning of the sign of Libra and then shows the Sun at mid-latitude before entering the sign while showing the Sun one half a degree above and below its previous latitude after entering Libra. Four horizontal parallels, equally spaced, are cut by a vertical line. To the left of the vertical there appears a small circle in the middle space formed by the four parallels. To the right of the vertical there appear two small circles, one bisected by the second parallel down, the other bisected by the third parallel down. These two circles to the right of the vertical are placed with the upper circle distinctly to the left of the lower circle. On the right side of the vertical line there appears above the four parallels the letter "L". Below the top parallel, to the right of the vertical line, is the phrase from the text, "absque Libre confinio", or some variant of this.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-448-1
title: Diagram MAPD0448

description: Equales Inequales: The diagram represents the simple difference between perpendicular (at equal angles) and oblique (at unequal angles) paths, which characterize the different speeds of rising and setting of constellations. Across four parallel horizontals are drawn both a diagonal and a perpendicular. These latter two lines intersect in the middle space formed by the four parallels. The label, "equales - inequales" appears above the diagram. No labels appear on the angles formed within the diagram.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-454-1
title: Diagram MAPD0454

description: Equinoctium: The diagram represents the balance between added lengths of daylight and subtracted lengths of daylight in the three months before and after each solstice. Three concentric and equidistant semi-circles, extended to form horseshoe-shaped lines, set the framework for this diagram. Within the innermost of the three, a straight line bisects the space and extends to become parallel with the legs of the horseshoe shapes. The six ends of the horseshoes are numbered. From the outside in on each side of the figure the three legs are labeled with numerals, one to three, and often with the words for "first", "second", and "third" as well. The label, "equinoctium", appears in the curved section of the diagram.
description: Medieval Diagrams
DOI: 10.17171/1-2-456-1
title: Diagram MAPD0456

description: Equinoctium: The diagram represents the balance between added lengths of daylight and subtracted lengths of daylight in the three months before and after each solstice. Three concentric and equidistant semi-circles, extended to form horseshoe-shaped lines, set the framework for this diagram. Within the innermost of the three, a straight line bisects the space and extends to become parallel with the legs of the horseshoe shapes. The six ends of the horseshoes are numbered. From the outside in on each side of the figure the three legs are labeled with numerals, one to three, and often with the words for "first", "second", and "third" as well. The label, "equinoctium", appears in the curved section of the diagram.
description: Medieval Diagrams