cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82659
title: Hindu man lying on a mobile bed of spikes to seek religious merit, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "A "holy" man on his bed of spikes which is so arranged that it can be pulled about."  A nude, bearded man sits on a bed of spikes that has wheels on it so that it can be rolled around.  Two other men sit near him and a cow stands to his right.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82660
title: Hindu men seeking religious merit by never wearing clothes, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "The form of penance of these two "holy" men in the foreground is to go about naked."  Two nude men sit cross-legged on a mat in the foreground, while other people sit around them.  These two men are wearing beads around their necks.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82661
title: Hindu men sitting in the hot sun with five fires around them to seek religious merit, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "Sadhus torturing themselves by sitting in the hot sun with five fires around them.  The temperature was 120 in the shade when this picture was taken."  Five men sit cross-legged on the round with rags around their legs in a row.  Each man has five fires around him.  There is a group of people sitting underneath umbrellas behind these men.  Some of the men have rags on or around their heads.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82662
title: Hind man burying his head in the sand to seek religious merit and his companion, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "A Hindu trying to earn merit by burying his head in the ground.  The other man is his companion who calls out to passers-by."  A man lies face-down with his head buried in the sand and one knee bent with that foot in the air.  His companion sits cross-legged beside him, calling out to people passing by.  There are two piles of sticks near them.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82663
title: Hindu boy worshipping the tulsi plant, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "A boy worshipping the tulsi plant which is considered to be very "sacred" by all Hindus."  A boy with only a simple rag clothing him worships a plant that is on top of a stone pedestal.  His hands are clasped as if in prayer.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82664
title: Hindu "holy" man reading the Bible, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "A Hindu "holy" man reading a Gospel.  Because of the influence these men have over the Hindus, when they become Christians they do a great deal of good."  A man with long hair that is tied up in a bun on his head reads the Bible while sitting on the ground in front of a tent. This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82665
title: Hindu man sits on a bed of nails to seek religious merit with Hindu idols and observers, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "This Hindu "holy" man sitting on his bed of spikes has his forehead painted with a "sign of the beast".  The two little idols in the foreground are worshipped by the Hindus."  A gathering of men, women, and children watch a man who is sitting on a bed of nails.  The man is dressed in rags and hs two white stripes painted on his forehead.  There are two HIndu idols sitting on the ground next to him.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82666
title: Two Hindu men worshipping figures of snakes, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "Two Hindus worshipping figures of snakes.  Many of the heathen believe their idols are demon possessed."  Two men are worshipping stone carvings of snakes.  One sits cross-legged by them and stares at the ground with his hands clasped.  The other man kneels and has his forearms on the ground with his head leaning on his hands.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82667
title: Six Hindu men worshipping the devil by dancing, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "Devil Dancers in India.  Worshipping the devil is a part of nearly all heathen religions."  Six men in traditional costumes dance as they worship the devil.  Four of them stand with spears pointed at the other two who are kneeling on the ground.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82668
title: Pilgrims measuring the distance bewteen shrines with their bodies on the ground to seek religious merit, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "Pilgrims measuring the distance from shrine to shrine by their own bodies."  Pilgrims are lying face down on the ground with their arms outstretched in order to measure the distance between shrines.  The feet of observers are on their left.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82669
title: Hindu man hanging by his feet over a fire in front of observers to seek religious merit, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "The man in the center is hanging by his feet with his head over a slow fire."  A man dressed in rags is hanging by his feet over a slow fire.  There are many observers who stand around him in a semi-circle.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82670
title: Hindu man hanging by his knees, swaying over a fire in front of observers to seek religious merit, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "Another man hanging by his knees with his head over a fire.  He swings back and forth hoping by this torture to have his sins forgiven."  A man dressed in rags hangs by his knees, swaying back and forth over a fire.  There are many observers standing in a semi-circle around him.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82671
title: Hindu man sitting under a dripping jug to seek religious merit, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "A Hindu trying to earn salvation.  The large jar is filled with water and it falls on his head drop by drop."  A man with his face painted white sits cross-legged under a table with two jugs of water on it.  There are a few people in the background.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82672
title: Hindu man never cuts the nails on his left hand to seek religious merit, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "Another "holy" man who has taken a vow that he will never allow the finger nails of his left hand to be cut or broken."  A man stands with wide eyes and hands openly facing the camera.  The fingernails of his left hand are very long.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82673
title: Hindu man with his head buried in the ground to seek religious merit, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "Another man who is trying to earn salvation by burying his head in the ground.  The Hindu idea is that one has to earn salvation by self-torture."  A man, with his head buried in the ground, raises his legs up in the air.  There are people passing by him and watching him in the background.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82674
title: Hindu man with all but his head buried to seek religious merit, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "A man buried in the ground with only his head showing above.  If he remains buried for any length of time he will be practically eaten alive by worms."  A man's head is all that shows above the ground.  There is some food around him and a few blankets strung up behind him.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82675
title: Hindu man having a hook attached to the muscles of his back to seek religious merit, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "A man having a hook fastened into the muscles of his back preparatory to the "hook swinging sacrifice"."  A man with his back facing the camera is having a hook attached to his back.  There are other men standing around, including a man who is piercing the first man's back with the hook.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82676
title: Hindu man swinging by a hook from a tall pole with many observers to seek religious merit, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "The "hook swinging sacrifice".  The man is swung from the top of a strong pole."  A man with a hook attached to his back is then swung from a tall pole.  There are many people at the base of the pole who are watching him.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82677
title: Men sacrificing a goat on a long pole, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: Printed on the photograph are the words, "Propitiation To The Goddess Kali In [?] of Cholera."  The accompanying caption reads, "Sacrificing a goat to a heathen god in India."  A goat is stuck on top of a long pole, which has been secured in the ground.  There are three men standing and squatting near the goat.  Another man in the background is driving oxen who are pulling a cart.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82678
title: Two boys preparing to sacrifice a young buffalo, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: Printed on the photograph are the words, "3079 - A Hindu Sacrifice."  The accompanying caption reads, "Preparing to sacrifice a young buffalo before a Hindu temple.  After the animal's head is cut off, some blood is sprinkled before the idol."  Two boys stand by a young buffalo in front of a Hindu temple.  The buffalo is tied up and one boy holds it from behind, while the other boy prepares to cut of its head with a knife.  There are people watching them in the background.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82679
title: Men tending fires that burn Hindu corpses, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "The Burning Ghats of Benares where the Hindus burn their dead."  A few men tend fires that are burning corpses.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82680
title: Corpse prepared for cremation on a pile of cow manure with observers, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "A corpse ready to be cremated.  It is laid on a pile of dried cow manure which is sometimes used as the fuel."  A corpse with a white cloth over all but the head is laid on a pile of cow manure.  There are people of all ages standing around the body.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82681
title: Brahman men and boys begging from people, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "A group of Brahmans who get their living by going about begging from the people."  Six men and boys pose for the camera.  They are all wearing rags.  Some sit and some stand.  One of them has white stripes painted on his body.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82682
title: Indigenous people affected by famine, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "A famine scene in India.  Many of our best Christian workers were once famine sufferers."  Men, women, and children of all ages who have been affected by the famine huddle together.  The effects of the famine are very apparent.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82683
title: Boy in a Hindu idol shop, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "A 'god shop' where idols of Hindu gods are made and sold to the public."  A boy sits next to rows of idols and holds one idol with wings in his lap.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82684
title: Three men eating on the ground without utensils, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "Hindus eating curry and rice.  There is no table or fork, knife and spoon.  The men eat first and the women last."  Three men are eating from plates on the ground without any utensils.  They are all sitting cross-legged on the ground.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82685
title: Temple girls dressed alike with nose rings, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: Printed on the photograph are the words, "Dancing Girls."  The accompanying caption reads, "Temple girls of South India.  These girls are "married" to the idols and become the slaves of the priests."  Girls dressed ornately in uniforms pose at the base of a large tree.  They all have decorated head-garments and nose rings.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82686
title: Temple and village street, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "A village street in India with a great temple in the background."  A large, ornately decorated pagoda/temple and a smaller, but equally ornately decorated building next to it form the backdrop for the scene of an Indian road.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82687
title: Hindu temple and man worshipping an idol, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "A Hindu temple.  The man in the foreground is in the act of worshipping.  A large idol is at the side to the back of the man."  A man stands with his back to a large idol in the forground.  In the background is a large, ornately decorated temple with people on the front steps.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82688
title: Juggernath temple pulled  in a crowded street, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "A Juggernath car being pulled through the streets of India.  There are great wooden wheels on this car and sometimes poor pilgrims are crushed under them."  A large car, or wagon, decorated with many idols and other figures rolls down a very crowded street.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82689
title: Juggernath temple pulled in a crowded street, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "Another temple of Juggernath being pulled through the streets by hundreds of excited and earnest devotees."  A large temple is being pulled through a street on wheels.  It is ornately decorated with idols and other figures.  The street is very crowded and people are watching the scene from the buildings on either side of the street.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82690
title: People washing themselves in a sacred river, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "Pilgrims of India.  They are trying to wash away their sins by bathing in a "sacred" river."  Hundreds of people are washing themselves in a river.  They are crowding in from the shore and the buildings near the shore.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82691
title: Man climbing a date palm tree with a jug, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: Printed on the photograph are the words, "Madras Toddyman Climbing a Tree."  The accompanying caption reads, "A man climbing to the top of a date palm tree.  The sap of this tree is used to make an alcoholic drink."  A man with a jug and another container strapped to his side climbs up a tree.  Another man does the same thing in the background.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82692
title: Girl picking tea leaves, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "A coolie girl with her basket picking tea leaves."  A girl stands next to a bush with a basket.  She has been picking the leaves of the bush for tea.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82693
title: Seven Hindu children in a basket, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "A perfect number of Hindu babies in a basket."  Seven Hindu children sit in a basket.  One of the girls has a nose ring.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82694
title: Schoolboys with their teacher, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "A village school for boys.  Their teacher is at the left.  These boys as well as their teacher are all heathen."  Boys sit in rows, working on schoolwork.  Their teacher sits on a stool next to them.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82695
title: Hindu man feeding ants, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "A Hindu worshipper feeding ants.  Although the majority of Hindus are very poor, yet they do these things, believing they may be feeding their dead relatives."  A Hindu man bends down to feed ants.  He is not wearing a shirt.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82696
title: Hindu man worshipping a god in a small stone, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "A Hindu worshipping a god in the form of a small stone.  It is placed near a pepul tree which is "sacred" to them."  A man bends over and clasps his hands in prayer before a sacred stone.  The stone is surrounded by flowers and there are two small jugs on the ground.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82697
title: Hindu man worshipping a god in a small stone, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "The same man in another attitude of worship.  Garlands of flowers have been carefully spread around the god."  A Hindu man stands with his hands clasped in front o fhim and one foot raised behind the ankle of the opposite leg.  He is worshipping the god in a small stone at the base of a tree in front of him.  Garlands of flowers and two small jugs surround the stone.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82698
title: Hindu man worshipping a god in a small stone, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "The same man in still another attitude of worship.  In the brass lotah is Ganges water which he has just sprinkled on the god."  A Hindu man squats on the ground with his hands clasped in front of him as he worships a god in a small stone in front of him at the base of a tree.  The stone is surrounded by garlands of water and the two jugs, or lotahs, have the aforementioned sacred purpose.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82699
title: Mrs. Norton stands on the land intended for Industrial Work, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "The land we hope to buy for starting the Industrial Work for the new converts.  The lady in the picture is Mrs. Norton."  Mrs. Norton stands in the middle of a large open field while wearing a hat.  There is an animal standing in the field.  It is possibly a large dog.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82700
title: Mr. Norton standing by a well on land intended for Industrial Work, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "Another picture of the land we hope to purchase.  The gentleman standing by the well is Mr. Norton."  Mr. Norton stands by a brick well and some trees in a large open area.  There is a car in the background and a man standing next to it.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82701
title: Man and woman who care for orphaned boys, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "Our Brother and Sister Linden who look after our Orphan Boys."  A man and woman in light-colored clothes stand together in front of a building.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82702
title: Orphaned boys, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "Some of our Orphan Boys who are being trained so that they can make Jesus known to their own people."  Orphaned boys gather together to pose for the camera.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82703
title: Indian pastor, Brother John Thomas Navitt, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "Our Indian Pastor, Brother John Thomas Navitt.  He has a devoted wife and five little children."  An Indian Pastor smiles for the camera as he stands in front of a large column at the edge of a porch.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82704
title: Mission business manager Brother Kubera Parmar, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "Our Brother Kubera Parmar, the business manager for the Mission."  Brother Kubera Parmar poses for the camera, wearing white pants and a dark coat.  He has a moustache and stands in front of what appears to be a painted wall.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82705
title: Men preparing for baptism, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "Cutting off the lock of hair just before baptism takes place.  This lock of hair is a badge of Hinduism."  Three young men squat on the ground next to a river.  Another man cuts a lock of hair from one of the three squatting men.  Another man sits in the background, farther down the bank of the river.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82706
title: Indigenous pastor baptizing three men in a river, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "A baptismal scene in the river at Benares.  Our Indian Pastor is doing the baptising."  An indigenous pastor and three young men stand in the river as the pastor baptizes them.  The water comes up to their waists.  In the background is a man in a small boat.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].
DOI: 10.25549/impa-c123-82707
title: Three female missionaries, Vārānasi , India, ca. 1920

description: "The three lady missionaries of the Mission.  They are from left to right, Miss Margaret Sveinsson, Miss Dorothy Dech, and Miss Margaret Jones."  Three female missionaries pose for the camera in front of a tree.  They are wearing white dresses and hats.  This photograph is from an album prepared by W. K. Norton of The Pilgrims Mission, Benares [Vārānasi].