cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.833140
title: (Table 2) Age determination of sediment cores from the Panama Basin

description: Application of the 230Th normalization method to estimate sediment burial fluxes in six cores from the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) reveals that bulk sediment and organic carbon fluxes display a coherent regional pattern during the Holocene that is consistent with modern oceanographic conditions, in contrast with estimates of bulk mass accumulation rates (MARs) derived from core chronologies. Two nearby sites (less than 10 km apart), which have different MARs, show nearly identical 230Th-normalized bulk fluxes. Focusing factors derived from the 230Th data at the foot of the Carnegie Ridge in the Panama Basin are &gt;2 in the Holocene, implying that lateral sediment addition is significant in this part of the basin. New geochemical data and existing literature provide evidence for a hydrothermal source of sediment in the southern part of the Panama Basin and for downslope transport from the top of the Carnegie Ridge. The compilation of core records suggests that sediment focusing is spatially and temporally variable in the EEP. During oxygen isotope stage 2 (OIS 2, from 13-27 ka BP), focusing appears even higher compared to the Holocene at most sites, similar to earlier findings in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific. The magnitude of the glacial increase in focusing factors, however, is strongly dependent on the accuracy of age models. We offer two possible explanations for the increase in glacial focusing compared to the Holocene. The first one is that the apparent increase in lateral sediment redistribution is partly or even largely an artifact of insufficient age control in the EEP, while the second explanation, which assumes that the observed increase is real, involves enhanced deep sea tidal current flow during periods of low sea level stand.
description: Calibrated to calendar ages with the software CALIB 5.0.2. (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993) using a reservoir correction of deltaR = 167 ± 106 yrs and the calibration data set of Hughen et al. (2004). Calendar ages are rounded to the nearest 10 years. Two samples reservoir corrected by -467 and calibrated to calendar ages using Fairbanks et al. (2005). Further age determinations of Y69-71P are published in Clark et al. (2004).
description: Supplement to: Kienast, Stephanie S; Kienast, Markus; Mix, Alan C; Calvert, Stephen E; Francois, Roger (2007): Thorium-230 normalized particle flux and sediment focusing in the Panama Basin region during the last 30,000 years. Paleoceanography, 22(2), PA2213
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.825449
title: (Table 3) Radiocarbon age of sediment core DP30PC
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.847280
title: 230Th dating results of speleothem records from two caves, central-eastern and northeastern Brazil

description: d234U = ([234U/238U]activity - 1)x1000.d234Uinitial was calculated based on 230Th age (T), i.e., d234Uinitial = d234Umeasured x e**l234xT.Corrected 230Th ages assume the initial 230Th/232Th atomic ratio of 4.4 ±2.2 x10-6. Those are the values for a material at secular equilibrium, with the bulk earth 232Th/238U value of 3.8. The errors are arbitrarily assumed to be 50%.B.P. stands for "Before Present" where the "Present" is defined as the year 2000 A.D.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.809988
title: (Table 3) Dose rates and IRSL ages of samples from Herschel Island and Komakuk Beach
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.833327
title: (Supplementary Table 1) Radiocarbon dating of sediment cores SO189/2 _39KL, SO189/2 _119KL, and SO189/2 _144KL

description: Radiocarbon dating of cores SO189-2 39KL, 119KL, and 144KL converted to calendar ages (Cal yr BP, P=CE1950) with 1- and 2-sigma standard deviations (± yr) using Calib 7.0-Marine 13 program.OS: National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (NOSAMS) in Woods Hole, USA.UCI: Keck Carbon Cycle Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility at the University of California in Irvine, USA.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.811488
title: (Table 3) Age model of sediment core MD08-3167
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.832046
title: (Table TS 1) Age determination and calendar years for sediment cores from the Agulhas current

description: Performed at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (NOSAMS) at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute (WHOI) and their corresponding calendar ages. Most of the 14C ages were converted to calendar ages using the radiocarbon calibration program CALIB05 (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993) using the calibration dataset Marine04 (Hughen, et al., 2004) with a regional reservoir correction Delta R = 219 ± 6 years (Southon, et al., 2002). Those with ages outside of the calibration range of this dataset (0-26 ka) were converted to calendar ages using the new 0-50 ka dataset from the Cariaco Basin (Hughen, et al., 2006) with the online calibration program CalPal-2007 (Danzeglocke, et al., 2007), using the same reservoir correction of Delta R = 219 ± 6 years (Southon, et al., 2002).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.614561
title: K-Ar age of dolerites from Hole Nagursk-1 drilled in the Franz Josef Land Archipelago
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.614566
title: Chemical composition of trapp rocks from Hole Nagursk-1 drilled in the Franz Josef Land Archipelago
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.614574
title: K-Ar age of trapp rocks from Hole Northern-1 drilled in the Alexandra Island, Franz Josef Land Archipelago
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.738415
title: (Table 1) Age determination of sediment core GeoB6007-2
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.762960
title: (Table 4a) Biomass of different groups of auto- and heterotrophic protozoans in the lower layer of sea ice at Stations Chupa-2002-1 and Chupa-2002-2
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.762967
title: (Table 4b) Biomass of different groups of auto- and heterotrophic protozoans in the water column at Stations Chupa-2002-1 and Chupa-2002-2
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.816899
title: (Table 1) Age determination of sediment core MD04-2845

description: Terrestrial and marine proxies (pollen, planktic and benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes, alkenone- and foraminifer-derived sea-surface temperatures (SSTs), ice-rafted debris) from IMAGES deep-sea cores MD95-2042 and SU81-18 (37°N, 10°W), MD99-2331 and MD03-2697 (42°N, 9°W), and MD04-2845 (45°N, 5°W) show that western European and offshore environments were strongly affected by Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) and Heinrich (H) events. We concentrate here on latitudinal variability in the forest cover extent and composition of western Europe during the succession of D-O events, showing new pollen records for core MD04-2845 and for marine isotopic stages (MIS) 3 and 4 of core MD99-2331. In general, cold SSTs characteristic of Greenland stadials were contemporaneous with the expansion of semi-desert or steppic vegetation while Greenland interstadials were synchronous with the expansion of forest. Our data reveal that the amplitude of Atlantic and Mediterranean forest expansions differs for any given D-O warming during the glacial period (74-18 ka). In the western Mediterranean, D-O 16-17 and D-O 8 and 7 (corresponding to minima in precession) were associated with strong expansion of forest cover contrasting with weak expansion of forest cover during D-O 14 and 12; the opposite pattern is revealed at the Atlantic sites. Further north, the strongest Greenland warmings are recorded for D-O 19, 11 and 8. This contrasting latitudinal climatic scenario is compared with other northern hemisphere records, revealing similarities between the Mediterranean climate and the Asian monsoon regime, which may relate to a summer atmospheric teleconnection between the two regions comparable to the present-day situation. Parallels between Mediterranean climate enhancement and peaks in global methane (CH4) during the last glacial period suggest a significant role of monsoon activity in determining CH4 emission from wetlands.
description: Supplement to: Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda; Landais, Amaëlle; Fletcher, William J; Naughton, Filipa; Desprat, Stéphanie; Duprat, Josette M (2008): Contrasting impacts of Dansgaard–Oeschger events over a western European latitudinal transect modulated by orbital parameters. Quaternary Science Reviews, 27(11-12), 1136-1151
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.754239
title: Age control of sediment core MD01-2378
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.818164
title: Radiocarbon dating of sediment core PS75/133-1
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.888591
title: (Table 1) AMS radiocarbon dates of sediment core SB-B, Sungai Buluh peatland, Sumatra, Indonesia

description: calibrated using SHCal1314C calibration curve (Hogg et al., 2013)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.736920
title: (Table 1) Age determination of sediment core JM99-1200

description: A global ocean reservoir correction of about 400 years with an regional delta R-value of 64 ± 35 for northern Norway has been used to calculate calendar ages. The radiocarbon dates have been calibrated with the INTCAL-98 data set (Stuiver et al., 1998)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.536387
title: Age determination of sediment core GIK13579-1, Banc d`Arguin, off NW Africa (Table 2)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.886544
title: Age determination of sediment core GAUTRAIE, Gautraie, France

description: This dataset was archived on 2018-02-20 from the EPD database (http://www.europeanpollendatabase.net).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.856103
title: Age determination of Lake Baikal sediment cores
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.885068
title: Age determination of sediment core TORSE, La boire Torse, France

description: This dataset was archived on 2018-01-16 from the EPD database (http://www.europeanpollendatabase.net).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.885073
title: Age determination of sediment core MONTARNU, Le Grand Montarnu, France

description: This dataset was archived on 2018-01-16 from the EPD database (http://www.europeanpollendatabase.net).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.885074
title: Age determination of sediment core NATALOUP, Nataloup, France

description: This dataset was archived on 2018-01-16 from the EPD database (http://www.europeanpollendatabase.net).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.484981
title: (Table 2) Apatite fission track results from sediment core CRP-3

description: The Cape Roberts drillhole 3 (CRP-3) on the western edge of the Victoria Land Basin, Antarctica cored through a highly altered igneous intrusion intruded into Paleozoic sedimentary basement. This intrusion was regarded as highly enigmatic as its origin could represent volcanism associated with early rifling of the Victoria Land Basin, later renewed rifting within the Terror rift, or Jurassic tholeiitic magmatism. Direct methods to date the intrusion by U-Pb dating of zircon or fission track analysis failed due to insufficient quantities of these minerals. Apatite fission track (AFT) analysis on the adjacent sedimentary basement, the Devonian Beacon Supergroup sandstone, yielded an age of 101 ± 6 Ma and a mean track length of 12.3 µm with a 1.9 µm standard deviation. The fission tracks were not annealed in the Cenozoic and thus the intrusion must be older than this. This observation, plus race element chemistry of the intrusion suggest it is most likely the same age and original composition as the middle Jurassic sills and dykes of the Transantarctic Mountains. The AFT age is similar to the onshore regional AFT stratigraphy and reflects complete thermal overprinting in the Jurassic, residence in an apatite partial annealing zone, followed by exhumation in the early Cenozoic and down-faulting at least 3 km to its present position. However, the sample of Beacon sandstone has an AFT age 'too young' and a confined track length distribution 'too short' relative to the results a sample from an onland equivalent stratigraphic position should yield in the simplest scenario. This is possibly due to the position of the CRP-3 basement on the western edge of the West Antarctic rift system, where it underwent periods of rifting and elevated thermal gradients in the Jurassic, Cretaceous, Eocene and Oligocene causing annealing of the sample. Alternatively, this sample reflects a more complex thermal history involving Cretaceous as well as Cenozoic denudation, prior to being down faulted to its present position.
description: Supplement to: Fitzgerald, Paul G (2001): Apatite fission track ages associated with the altered igneous intrusive in beacon sandstone near the base of CRP-3, Victoria Land Basin, Antarctica. Terra Antartica, 8(4), 585-592
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.886473
title: Age determination of sediment core LANVIHAN, Lann Vihan, France

description: This dataset was archived on 2018-02-19 from the EPD database (http://www.europeanpollendatabase.net).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.886542
title: Age determination of sediment core DONGES, Marais de Brière, France

description: This dataset was archived on 2018-02-20 from the EPD database (http://www.europeanpollendatabase.net).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.886551
title: Age determination of sediment core PREAPS37, Les Préaux, France

description: This dataset was archived on 2018-02-20 from the EPD database (http://www.europeanpollendatabase.net).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.705453
title: (Table 2) Fission track age data for zircons from tephras

description: Age is fission track age, calculated using the zeta calibration method. Positions are estimated from map
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.807004
title: (Table 2) Potassium, argon and age at DSDP Holes 81-553 and 81-555, second series

description: Lambda-beta = 4.962*10**-10 yr**-1; Lambda-3 = 0.581*10**-10 yr**-1; 40K = 1.167*10**-2 atom %; errors computed from {EK**2+(1+A/R)**2 E40**2 + E38**2 + (A/R)**2 E36**2}**1/2 where R = (100-A) = 40Ar*/40ArT with error in K, EK = 1.5% and errors in peak heights, E40 = E38 = 0.5%; E36 = 1%. The best age derivable from this data for samples A, C, and D is 59.0 ± 3.1 m.y. Mean age of Samples C and D is 53.4 ± 1.3 m.y.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.726651
title: (Table 1) Position of ash +19 and -17 in DSDP Site 80-550 with respect to magnetochron C24r and the onset of the Paleocene - Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM)

description: Relative position in C24r: inverted stratigraphic placement relative to the present (see text).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.77496
title: Radiocarbon (14C) age determinations on core SO42-57KL
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.231708
title: Radiocarbon age data of sediment core GeoB3375-1
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.722542
title: (Table 1) 39Ar-40Ar age determinations for minerals from ODP Hole 173-1070
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.856683
title: (Table 2) AMS 14C and calendar ages of the onset and end of Heinrich Events in sediment cores SU90-08 and KET80-03
DOI: 10.15468/dl.68j4by
title: Occurrence Download

description: A dataset containing 6163 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query:
{
 "and" : [
 "TaxonKey is one of (Sambucus ebulus L., Sambucus nigra L., Sambucus racemosa L., Samolus valerandi L., Sanguinaria canadensis L., Sanguisorba officinalis L., Sanicula europaea L., Saponaria ocymoides L., Saponaria officinalis L., Satureja montana L., Saxifraga granulata L., Saxifraga rotundifolia L., Saxifraga tridactylites L., Scabiosa columbaria L., Scandix pecten-veneris L., Scandosorbus ×intermedia (Ehrh.) Sennikov, Schinus molle L., Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla, Schoenus nigricans L., Scilla bifolia L., Scilla forbesii (Baker) Speta, Scilla siberica Andrews, Scirpoides holoschoenus (L.) Soják, Scirpus sylvaticus L., Scleranthus annuus L., Scolochloa festucacea (Willd.) Link, Scorpiurus muricatus L., Scorzoneroides autumnalis (L.) Moench, Scrophularia auriculata L., Scrophularia nodosa L., Scrophularia umbrosa Dumort., Scutellaria galericulata L., Scutellaria minor Huds., Secale cereale L., Sedum acre L., Sedum album L., Sedum anglicum Huds., Sedum dasyphyllum L., Sedum sexangulare L., Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A.Braun, Selinum carvifolia (L.) L., Sempervivum arachnoideum L., Sempervivum tectorum L., Senecio aquaticus Loisel., 1807, Senecio jacobaea Loscos & Pardo, Senecio madagascariensis Poir., Senecio pterophorus DC., Senecio squalidus L., Senecio sylvaticus L., Senecio viscosus L., Senecio vulgaris L., Serapias lingua L., Serratula tinctoria L., Sesleria caerulea (L.) Ard., Setaria faberi R.A.W.Herrm., Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv., Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen, Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult., Setaria verticillata (L.) P.Beauv., Setaria viridis (L.) P.Beauv., Sherardia arvensis L., Sicyos angulatus L., Silene conica L., Silene dioica (L.) Clairv., Silene flos-cuculi (L.) Greuter & Burdet, Silene gallica L., Silene italica (L.) Pers., Silene latifolia Poir., Silene noctiflora L., Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke, Siler montanum Crantz, Silphium perfoliatum L., Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Sinapis alba L., Sinapis arvensis L.)",
 "Country is New Zealand",
 "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Observation, Occurrence evidence, Material citation, Living Specimen)",
 "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters is less than or equal to 10000",
 "HasCoordinate is true"
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}

 The dataset includes 6163 records from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0071078-250525065834625/datasets/export for details.
 
Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.771740
title: (Table 2) Age determination of Weddell Sea sediments

description: Sediment depth is given in meters composite depth (mcd).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.779860
title: Age determination of sediment core PS75/233-1 (Table 1a)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.818165
title: Radiocarbon dating of sediment core PS75/136-3
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.809104
title: (Supplement Table 1) Argon isotope concentrations in volcanic samples of core AND-2A
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.836905
title: Geochemistry and dose rate of terraces sediments close to the Chenab river

description: Sediment depth = depth from top of unit. Measurements for OSL were performed at the Wadia Institute (Dehradun, India). SAR protocol on 30 aliquots is used to estimate mean palaeodose (Murray and Wintle, 2000). All the aliquots showing recycle ratio within 10% are considered. Water content is assumed to be 10 ± 5% by weight for all samples. Least consists the least 20% (JK samples) and 30% (DAG samples) of the palaeodoses.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.124323
title: Age determination on sediment core BP01-83/02
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.727044
title: (Table 3) 10Be/9Be ages of ferromanganese nodules from ODP Hole 181-1121B

description: DEPTH, sediment=Depth in core (mbsf)
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.713168
title: Age determination of sediment core Bokanjacko Blato 1

description: The radiocarbon ages are most likely influenced by the hard water effect.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.351539
title: (Table 2) Age determinations on sediment core PS1882-2
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.785957
title: (Table T1) Radiocarbon dating of sediments from ODP Leg 182 sites
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.734039
title: (Table 2) Age determination of sediment core INMD-115BX

description: Determinations by Beta-Analysical Laboratorie, Coral Gables, Fla. Bulk CaCO3. Half-life 5568 yr. Years before A.D. 1950 +/- 1 SD
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.804717
title: Table 2 Tephras identified in cores Co1216, Co1204 and Co1215

description: The correlation of the respective tephras in cores Co1204 and Co1215 to the Codola eruption is under debate.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.767363
title: (Table 5) Aragonite content and high magnesium calcite contents from different IODP Holes from Exp 310
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.107276
title: Age determinations on sediment core PS2628-1
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.743816
title: (Table 3) Radiocarbon age determinations on sediment cores from the Vietnamese Mekong River Delta
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.831713
title: (Table 2) Age determination of sediment core V21-30

description: UCI results obtained in the present study have been corrected for isotopic fractionation according to the conventions of Stuiver and Polach (1977), with d13C values measured on prepared graphite using the AMS spectrometer. These can differ from d13C of the original material, if fractionation occurred during sample graphitization or the AMS measurement, and are not shown.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.729959
title: (Table 1) Age determination of sediment core F2-92-P3
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.833551
title: (Table 1) Age determination of sediment cores MD99-2269 and MD99-2322

description: 14C ages calibration using Calib 5.0 (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993) and the updated marine calibration data sets (Hughen et al., 2004).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.735729
title: Age model of sediment core MD95-2010

description: The AMS age from level 903-904 cm cannot directly be transelated into cal. yr as this age is beyond the valid range of the calibration equation of Bard et al. 1991. While using Laj et al. (1990) comparison of deviation of radiocarbon ages from cal. yr. ages based on reconstructions of Earth's magnetics field strength, it is suggested that 14C ages in the range of 45-50 kyr should be corrected by 0-1 kyr. We have not used this point in the age model due to the uncertainties in how to correct this age. By using a linear sedimentation rate between the last AMS 14C age and the isotope stage 4.0, this level came up with an age of 45 kyr. The age of ash layer II in MD95-2010 is in GISP2 ice core is about 53kyr. This is in close agreement with the age we get from linear interpolation (=52.9kyr). The last fix point used in our age model is corresponding to marine isotope event 4.0 = 59kyr in SPECMAP (Martinson et al. 1989).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.760026
title: Age determination of sediment core Sk1

description: Core depths are corrected for tephra layers &gt; 1cm thickness and missing modern sediment surfaces through appendix of gravity cores.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.782427
title: (Table S18) U-Th-Pb analyses of zircons of sample VT08129

description: Uncertainties at 1 s level.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.884725
title: (Tabel 3) AMS 14C ages determined on multi-species samples of planktic foraminifera from the sediment core GeoB16320-2

description: The AMS 14C ages were corrected for 13C and a mean reservoir age of 400 yrs.; and were converted into calibrated years before present (cal yr BP) using the Marine13 calibration curve (Reimer et al., 2013) of the CALIB 7.0 software (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993).Correlation points to the benthic foraminifera d18O Stack, Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.820216
title: (Table 2) 40Ar-39Ar ages at DSDP Holes 60-458 and 60-459

description: Plateau age and Isochron age were calculated from 700, 800, 850, 950, and &gt; 1300°C fractions. lambda = 5.543x10**-10 yr**-1, lambda-e = 0.581x10**-10 yr**-1, 40K/K = 0.0001167, total fusion age = 1/lambda ln [1 + J(40Ar/39Ar)total], (40Ar/39Ar)total = SUM-i-fi(40Ar/39Ar)I, fi = 39Ar fraction released. Empty cells = no data.
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.831627
title: (Table 2) Age model of sediment core RAPiD-10-1P

description: 14C ages are radiocarbon years before AD 1950, calendar ages are before AD2000 (in accordance with NGRIP GICC05 age).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.888838
title: Age determination of sediment core BEREZ, Berezovskoye mire, Russia

description: This dataset was archived on 2018-04-23 from the EPD database (http://www.europeanpollendatabase.net).
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.472219
title: Age determination of sediment core M1_251, Persian Gulf (Table 1)

description: Sediments from a 3.40 m core out of the Persian Gulf were investigated for their content of straight chain paraffins and fatty acids. The samples range in age between 2000 and 9000 years (C-14-age of organic C). They contain 100-300 ppm of extractable fatcompounds and 20-70 ppm of hydrocarbons. There is no connection between the original distribution of the homologous series of n-fatty acids and n-paraffins. However, there is evidence that part of the n-fatty acids was reduced to n-paraffins, although the sediment itself does not look as if it were deposited under reducing conditions.
description: Supplement to: Welte, Dietrich Hugo; Ebhardt, Götz (1968): Die Verteilung höherer, geradkettiger Paraffine und Fettsäuren in einem Sedimentprofil aus dem Persischen Golf. Meteor Forschungsergebnisse, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Reihe C Geologie und Geophysik, Gebrüder Bornträger, Berlin, Stuttgart, C1, 43-52
DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.823426
title: (Table 3) 40Ar/39Ar total fusion ages at DSDP Leg 55 Holes