cometadata/datacite-titles-descriptions-related-identifiers huggingface dataset:
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005016
title: Fast and novel botanical exploration of a 320-km transect in eastern Amazonia using DNA barcoding

description: ABSTRACT We explored a 320-km transect in the Tumucumaque mountain range along the border between southern French Guiana and Brazil, sampling all trees and lianas with DBH ≥ 10 cm in seven 25 x 25-m plots installed near seven boundary milestones. We isolated DNA from cambium tissue and sequenced two DNA barcodes (rbcLa and matK) to aid in species identification. We also collected fertile herbarium specimens from other species (trees/shrubs/herbs) inside and outside the plots. The selected DNA barcodes were useful at the family level but failed to identify specimens at the species level. Based on DNA barcoding identification, the most abundant families in the plots were Burseraceae, Fabaceae, Meliaceae, Moraceae, Myristicaceae and Sapotaceae. One third of the images of sampled plants posted on the iNaturalist website were identified by the community to species level. New approaches, including the sequencing of the ITS region and fast evolving DNA plastid regions, remain to be tested for their utility in the identification of specimens at lower taxonomic levels in floristic inventories in the Amazon region.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005016.v1
title: Fast and novel botanical exploration of a 320-km transect in eastern Amazonia using DNA barcoding

description: ABSTRACT We explored a 320-km transect in the Tumucumaque mountain range along the border between southern French Guiana and Brazil, sampling all trees and lianas with DBH ≥ 10 cm in seven 25 x 25-m plots installed near seven boundary milestones. We isolated DNA from cambium tissue and sequenced two DNA barcodes (rbcLa and matK) to aid in species identification. We also collected fertile herbarium specimens from other species (trees/shrubs/herbs) inside and outside the plots. The selected DNA barcodes were useful at the family level but failed to identify specimens at the species level. Based on DNA barcoding identification, the most abundant families in the plots were Burseraceae, Fabaceae, Meliaceae, Moraceae, Myristicaceae and Sapotaceae. One third of the images of sampled plants posted on the iNaturalist website were identified by the community to species level. New approaches, including the sequencing of the ITS region and fast evolving DNA plastid regions, remain to be tested for their utility in the identification of specimens at lower taxonomic levels in floristic inventories in the Amazon region.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005038
title: Pre-copulatory bite wounds as evidence of aggressive competition for mating in the neotropical freshwater stingray Potamotrygon motoro

description: ABSTRACT Reproductive aspects of Amazonian freshwater stingrays are still poorly studied, however, it is known that the copulatory behavior in some species is related to the hydrometric seasons (high and low water). In order to assess the reproductive activity prior to copulation, we examined bite wounds in Potamotrygon motoro of Catalão Lake, in Amazonas state, Brazil. Specimens of both sexes showed wounds on the pectoral fins. Males presented a large amount of bite wounds, distributed randomly throughout the body, while females had more bite wounds on the posterior region. The higher number of wounds in males is assumed to indicate aggressive interactions among males in competition for females, caused by attempts to prevent other males from mating with the target female. The behavior is likely owed to the confinement of the stingrays in the lake during the low-water period.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005038.v1
title: Pre-copulatory bite wounds as evidence of aggressive competition for mating in the neotropical freshwater stingray Potamotrygon motoro

description: ABSTRACT Reproductive aspects of Amazonian freshwater stingrays are still poorly studied, however, it is known that the copulatory behavior in some species is related to the hydrometric seasons (high and low water). In order to assess the reproductive activity prior to copulation, we examined bite wounds in Potamotrygon motoro of Catalão Lake, in Amazonas state, Brazil. Specimens of both sexes showed wounds on the pectoral fins. Males presented a large amount of bite wounds, distributed randomly throughout the body, while females had more bite wounds on the posterior region. The higher number of wounds in males is assumed to indicate aggressive interactions among males in competition for females, caused by attempts to prevent other males from mating with the target female. The behavior is likely owed to the confinement of the stingrays in the lake during the low-water period.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005040
title: Interspecific foraging association between the cryptic forest-falcon, Micrastur mintoni and primates in an Amazon rainforest in Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Following behavior is a well-documented foraging specialization in Neotropical birds, which consists of individuals of solitary or mixed-flocking species following other moving animals to capture fleeing prey. Here, we report two observations of the cryptic forest-falcon, Micrastur mintoni following troops of primates during an ornithological inventory in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. During both observations, the falcon emitted a typical vocalization and captured fleeing insects dispersed by the primates moving through the forest while foraging. This is the first report of an apparently commensal association between a Micrastur forest falcon and two species of primates.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005040.v1
title: Interspecific foraging association between the cryptic forest-falcon, Micrastur mintoni and primates in an Amazon rainforest in Brazil

description: ABSTRACT Following behavior is a well-documented foraging specialization in Neotropical birds, which consists of individuals of solitary or mixed-flocking species following other moving animals to capture fleeing prey. Here, we report two observations of the cryptic forest-falcon, Micrastur mintoni following troops of primates during an ornithological inventory in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. During both observations, the falcon emitted a typical vocalization and captured fleeing insects dispersed by the primates moving through the forest while foraging. This is the first report of an apparently commensal association between a Micrastur forest falcon and two species of primates.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005041.v1
title: Copaiba (Copaifera reticulata) oleoresin reduces voluntary alcohol intake in rats

description: ABSTRACT Copaiba oleoresin, extracted from the Copaifera reticulata tree, has been used as a remedy in popular medicine in the Brazilian Amazon for various purposes, including reducing drug abuse. Yet no studies evaluated the effect of repeated administration of copaiba oil on alcohol consumption in animals. To evaluate this effect, we divided adult male Wistar rats into a) an alcohol group in which the animals had free access to choose between two bottles: one containing alcohol solution (20%) and another containing vehicle solution (0.2% saccharin); and b) a control group with access to two bottles containing vehicle solution. Rats were free to drink 24 h per day, for 35 days. Daily alcohol consumption and weekly body weight gain and food intake were monitored. From day 22, half of the rats in each group received 600 mg kg-1 copaiba oleoresin and the other received vehicle, subcutaneously, once a day, for three days. On day 35, rats were evaluated in an open-field test. The results showed that copaiba oil decreased voluntary alcohol intake and preference between days 2 and 6 after the last administration. Copaiba treatment also decreased the food intake and body weight gain in both alcohol and control groups without changing behaviors in the open-field test. Therefore, copaiba oil was able to reduce voluntary alcohol consumption in rats and could be tested in humans as an adjuvant to treat alcohol use disorder.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005041
title: Copaiba (Copaifera reticulata) oleoresin reduces voluntary alcohol intake in rats

description: ABSTRACT Copaiba oleoresin, extracted from the Copaifera reticulata tree, has been used as a remedy in popular medicine in the Brazilian Amazon for various purposes, including reducing drug abuse. Yet no studies evaluated the effect of repeated administration of copaiba oil on alcohol consumption in animals. To evaluate this effect, we divided adult male Wistar rats into a) an alcohol group in which the animals had free access to choose between two bottles: one containing alcohol solution (20%) and another containing vehicle solution (0.2% saccharin); and b) a control group with access to two bottles containing vehicle solution. Rats were free to drink 24 h per day, for 35 days. Daily alcohol consumption and weekly body weight gain and food intake were monitored. From day 22, half of the rats in each group received 600 mg kg-1 copaiba oleoresin and the other received vehicle, subcutaneously, once a day, for three days. On day 35, rats were evaluated in an open-field test. The results showed that copaiba oil decreased voluntary alcohol intake and preference between days 2 and 6 after the last administration. Copaiba treatment also decreased the food intake and body weight gain in both alcohol and control groups without changing behaviors in the open-field test. Therefore, copaiba oil was able to reduce voluntary alcohol consumption in rats and could be tested in humans as an adjuvant to treat alcohol use disorder.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005043
title: Mercury in muscle and liver of Plagioscion squamosissimus (Acanthuriformes: Sciaenidae) from the Machado River, Brazilian Amazon

description: ABSTRACT The Machado River is the main tributary of the Madeira River in the state of Rondônia, a region that has been impacted by deforestation, livestock, urban development, alluvial gold mining and urban and industrial effluents that likely contribute to the introduction of mercury (Hg) in the aquatic system. We aimed to determine the concentrations of total Hg (THg) in muscle and liver of Plagioscion squamosissimus, a main fishing resource in the region. Fish were sampled for two years at five sites, along a 90-km stretch of the middle Machado River. THg concentrations were analyzed in 64 muscle and 54 liver samples by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FIMS-400). THg levels were related with fish size and sex and with periods of the hydrological cycle. THg concentrations in both organs were positively and significantly related with fish body size. There was no significant variation in THg among periods of the hydrological cycle. Mean THg concentrations in muscle (1.09 ± 0.72 mg kg-1) and liver (1.28 ± 1.23 mg kg-1) were higher than the limit established by the WHO. Our results suggest that residual mercury from former alluvial gold extraction and lixiviation of mercury naturally occurring in the soil due to large-scale deforestaion is accumulating in the aquatic food chain in the Machado River. We conclude that it is necessary to monitor the levels of mercury in commercially important fish species in the region.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005043.v1
title: Mercury in muscle and liver of Plagioscion squamosissimus (Acanthuriformes: Sciaenidae) from the Machado River, Brazilian Amazon

description: ABSTRACT The Machado River is the main tributary of the Madeira River in the state of Rondônia, a region that has been impacted by deforestation, livestock, urban development, alluvial gold mining and urban and industrial effluents that likely contribute to the introduction of mercury (Hg) in the aquatic system. We aimed to determine the concentrations of total Hg (THg) in muscle and liver of Plagioscion squamosissimus, a main fishing resource in the region. Fish were sampled for two years at five sites, along a 90-km stretch of the middle Machado River. THg concentrations were analyzed in 64 muscle and 54 liver samples by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FIMS-400). THg levels were related with fish size and sex and with periods of the hydrological cycle. THg concentrations in both organs were positively and significantly related with fish body size. There was no significant variation in THg among periods of the hydrological cycle. Mean THg concentrations in muscle (1.09 ± 0.72 mg kg-1) and liver (1.28 ± 1.23 mg kg-1) were higher than the limit established by the WHO. Our results suggest that residual mercury from former alluvial gold extraction and lixiviation of mercury naturally occurring in the soil due to large-scale deforestaion is accumulating in the aquatic food chain in the Machado River. We conclude that it is necessary to monitor the levels of mercury in commercially important fish species in the region.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005055
title: Production of kraft pulp from Ochroma pyramidale wood

description: ABSTRACT Brazil stands out in the international scenario in the production of short-fiber pulp. Despite the great Brazilian biodiversity, that production is based on exotic Eucalyptus clones. In this sense, there may be great potential in the assessment of new sources of fibers from the Brazilian flora, including the Amazon. The present study aimed to assess the technical potential of the wood of Ochroma pyramidale (Malvaceae) for the production of kraft pulp. Four-year-old trees were harvested from a commercial forest for lumber production in Mato Grosso state (Brazil). We determined the wood’s chemical compositions (holocellulose, Klason lignin, soluble lignin, extractives and ash contents), physical properties (density and porosity), and fiber morphology (fiber length, width and thickness, lumen diameter, wall fraction, coefficient of flexibility, and slenderness and Runkel ratios). The wood was subjected to pulping with an effective alkali charge ranging from 10 to 24%, with intervals of 2%. Ochroma pyramidale wood presented characteristics favorable to the production of cellulosic pulp, such as appropriate fiber dimensions and low lignin, extractives, and ash content. The amount of residual active alkali and pH of the black liquor were positively related to the increase of the alkali charge employed in the pulping process. The increase of alkali charge decreased the pulp yield, kappa number and waste content, and increased the hexenuronic acid concentration.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005055.v1
title: Production of kraft pulp from Ochroma pyramidale wood

description: ABSTRACT Brazil stands out in the international scenario in the production of short-fiber pulp. Despite the great Brazilian biodiversity, that production is based on exotic Eucalyptus clones. In this sense, there may be great potential in the assessment of new sources of fibers from the Brazilian flora, including the Amazon. The present study aimed to assess the technical potential of the wood of Ochroma pyramidale (Malvaceae) for the production of kraft pulp. Four-year-old trees were harvested from a commercial forest for lumber production in Mato Grosso state (Brazil). We determined the wood’s chemical compositions (holocellulose, Klason lignin, soluble lignin, extractives and ash contents), physical properties (density and porosity), and fiber morphology (fiber length, width and thickness, lumen diameter, wall fraction, coefficient of flexibility, and slenderness and Runkel ratios). The wood was subjected to pulping with an effective alkali charge ranging from 10 to 24%, with intervals of 2%. Ochroma pyramidale wood presented characteristics favorable to the production of cellulosic pulp, such as appropriate fiber dimensions and low lignin, extractives, and ash content. The amount of residual active alkali and pH of the black liquor were positively related to the increase of the alkali charge employed in the pulping process. The increase of alkali charge decreased the pulp yield, kappa number and waste content, and increased the hexenuronic acid concentration.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005068
title: Digital elevation modeling through forests: the challenge of the Amazon

description: ABSTRACT Elevation mapping at ground level is challenging in forested areas like the Amazon region, which is mostly covered by dense rainforest. The most common techniques, i.e. photogrammetry and short wavelength radar, provide elevations at canopy level at best, while most applications require ground elevations. Even lidar and P-band radar, which can penetrate foliage and measure elevations at ground level, have some limitations which are analyzed in here. We address three research questions: To what extent can a terrain model be replaced by a more easily available canopy-level surface model for topography-based applications? How can the elevation be obtained at ground level through forest? Can a priori knowledge of general continental relief properties be used to compensate for the limits of measurement methods in the presence of forest?
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005068.v1
title: Digital elevation modeling through forests: the challenge of the Amazon

description: ABSTRACT Elevation mapping at ground level is challenging in forested areas like the Amazon region, which is mostly covered by dense rainforest. The most common techniques, i.e. photogrammetry and short wavelength radar, provide elevations at canopy level at best, while most applications require ground elevations. Even lidar and P-band radar, which can penetrate foliage and measure elevations at ground level, have some limitations which are analyzed in here. We address three research questions: To what extent can a terrain model be replaced by a more easily available canopy-level surface model for topography-based applications? How can the elevation be obtained at ground level through forest? Can a priori knowledge of general continental relief properties be used to compensate for the limits of measurement methods in the presence of forest?
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005071
title: Differences in cognitive aspects between seniors physical exercises practicing and non practising

description: Objective To compare de cognitive development of the seniors that practice and the one that doesn’t practice physical exercises. Methods This transversal study was made with 104 senior citizens, 64 belonging to the physical exercises Practicing Group (G1) and 40 belonging to the Non Practicing Group (G2), registered on Health Centers. It was a applied a Mini Exam of Mental Health (MEEM) to assess the cognitive health and a record for the characterize the sample. Afterwards, it was applied a Battery of Cognitive Computerized Evaluation (CogState) to assess the cognitive development of the senior citizens. There was utilized the U Mann Whitney test to compare the groups and the computation of the measure of effect d of Cohen, to verify if the practice of physical exercise influence on the cognitive development. To the descriptive assessment there was utilized data expressed in average, standard deviation, median and percentage. There was accepted the level of significance of 5%. Results The score on the MEEM have presented statistically significant differences between the groups. About the cognitive development, mensured by CogState, the groups diverged significantly to all the analyzed variables, presenting the G1 the best performance on the time tests of time and simple reaction, of choice and assisted attention; on the other hand, the G2 had better performance on the tests of short time memory and work. Conclusions Senior citizens practicing physical exercises have better performance for simple reaction time, choice reaction time and assisted care, when compared to older non-practicing.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005074
title: Psychometric studies of brief screening tools for multiple mental disorders

description: Objective Conduct a systematic literature review about psychometric characteristics of brief tools used for screening multiple mental disorders in primary health care. Methods Systematic literature review on PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO and ISI databases until April 2014 using key words related to brief screening of multiple mental disorders in primary health care. Results Were obtained 277 articles; 15 articles were selected after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eight articles assessed reliability and/or internal consistency and results showed satisfactory indices. In the selected articles, were present analyzes of predictive validity, concurrent and discriminant. Results ranged from moderate to good. Conclusion Screening scales are useful to identify patients with possible mental disorders and they increase chances of detecting such disorders in primary health care.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005074.v1
title: Psychometric studies of brief screening tools for multiple mental disorders

description: Objective Conduct a systematic literature review about psychometric characteristics of brief tools used for screening multiple mental disorders in primary health care. Methods Systematic literature review on PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO and ISI databases until April 2014 using key words related to brief screening of multiple mental disorders in primary health care. Results Were obtained 277 articles; 15 articles were selected after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eight articles assessed reliability and/or internal consistency and results showed satisfactory indices. In the selected articles, were present analyzes of predictive validity, concurrent and discriminant. Results ranged from moderate to good. Conclusion Screening scales are useful to identify patients with possible mental disorders and they increase chances of detecting such disorders in primary health care.
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.20005076
title: Risk of suicide and psychiatric comorbidities in generalized anxiety disorder

description: ABSTRACT Objective Investigate the risk of suicide in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) Methods Cross-sectional study with 253 outpatients from the Psychiatry, Nephrology, and Cardiology units of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Alagoas. The instrument used was MINI 5.0.0 (Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview). Results GAD was present in 16.6% of the sample, which were 30.8% from the psychiatric unit and 11.3% in the outpatients of the other clinics. The majority were females (83.3%), married (53.8%), with a mean age of 44 (±12.2) years old. There was psychiatric comorbidity in 88.1% of the evaluated patients, of which 54.8% had two or more and 33.3% had only one. Major depression was the most prevalent (53.7%), followed by dysthymia (21.4%) and recurrent depression (14.6%). The risk of suicide was observed in 54.8% of subjects with GAD. Conclusion The prevalence of GAD in outpatient clinical samples was significantly higher than in the general population, mainly in the psychiatric clinic. The majority of the patients presented psychiatric comorbidity, especially mood disorders besides presenting risk of suicide. GAD showed high correlation with mood disorders and significant association with risk of suicide.