DOI: 10.5061/dryad.10nj6
title: Data from: The extended Price equation quantifies species selection on mammalian body size across the Palaeocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum

description: Species selection, covariation of species’ traits with their net
 diversification rates, is an important component of macroevolution. Most
 studies have relied on indirect evidence for its operation and have not
 quantified its strength relative to other macroevolutionary forces. We use
 an extension of the Price equation to quantify the mechanisms of body size
 macroevolution in mammals from the latest Palaeocene and earliest Eocene
 of the Bighorn and Clarks Fork Basins of Wyoming. Dwarfing of mammalian
 taxa across the Palaeocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), an intense,
 brief warming event that occurred at approximately 56 Ma, has been
 suggested to reflect anagenetic change and the immigration of small
 bodied-mammals, but might also be attributable to species selection. Using
 previously reconstructed ancestor–descendant relationships, we partitioned
 change in mean mammalian body size into three distinct mechanisms: species
 selection operating on resident mammals, anagenetic change within resident
 mammalian lineages and change due to immigrants. The remarkable decrease
 in mean body size across the warming event occurred through anagenetic
 change and immigration. Species selection also was strong across the PETM
 but, intriguingly, favoured larger-bodied species, implying some unknown
 mechanism(s) by which warming events affect macroevolution.
description: Electronic supplementary
 material, Dataset S1Mean body sizes,
 approximated from the natural logarithm of the lower first or second molar
 area, and the proposed evolutionary relationships between mammalian genera
 from the early and middle Clarkforkian (Cf1 to Cf2) of the Bighorn and
 Clarks Fork Basins, Wyoming, USA. Notably, each taxon is assigned an index
 number (i.e., ‘Index’ column). The mean body size of each taxon is
 provided for each of the time intervals that the taxon occurs (i.e.,
 ‘size_i’ is the mean body size of the taxon in the older time interval and
 ‘size_j’ is the mean body size of the taxon in the younger time interval;
 NA indicates that the taxon does not occur in that time interval).
 Evolutionary relationships are indicated with specific reference to the
 index number of taxa, with a number in the ‘ancestor’ column indicating
 that the taxa is a descendant of the referenced index number; zeros in the
 ‘ancestor’ columns indicates that there is no ancestor for that taxon in
 the dataset. For instance, Haplomylus_palustris (i.e., Index taxon 1) does
 not have an ancestor in the dataset and a zero is recorded within the
 ‘ancestor’ column for this taxon. However, in the same dataset,
 Haplomylus_simpsoni (i.e., Index taxon 2) does have an ancestor in the
 dataset; this ancestor is Haplomylus_palustris and a 1 is recorded in
 ‘ancestor’ column referring to the index number of
 Haplomylus_palustris.Electronic suppl. mat., Dataset
 S1, Cf1 to Cf2.csvElectronic supplementary
 material, Dataset S2Mean body sizes,
 approximated from the natural logarithm of the lower first or second molar
 area, and the proposed evolutionary relationships between mammalian genera
 from the middle and late Clarkforkian (Cf2 to Cf3) of the Bighorn and
 Clarks Fork Basins, Wyoming, USA. For details of the dataset see caption
 for electronic supplementary material, dataset S1.Electronic suppl. mat., Dataset
 S2, Cf2 to Cf3.csvElectronic supplementary
 material, Dataset S3Mean body sizes,
 approximated from the natural logarithm of the lower first or second molar
 area, and the proposed evolutionary relationships between mammalian genera
 from the late Clarkforkian and earliest Wasatchian (Cf3 to Wa0) of the
 Bighorn and Clarks Fork Basins, Wyoming, USA. For details of the dataset
 see caption for electronic supplementary material, dataset
 S1.Electronic suppl. mat., Dataset
 S3, Cf3 to Wa0.csvElectronic supplementary
 material, Dataset S4Mean body sizes,
 approximated from the natural logarithm of the lower first or second molar
 area, and the proposed evolutionary relationships between mammalian genera
 from the earliest to early Wasatchian (Wa0 to Wa1/2) of the Bighorn and
 Clarks Fork Basins, Wyoming, USA. For details of the dataset see caption
 for electronic supplementary material, dataset S1.Electronic suppl. mat., Dataset
 S4, Wa0 to Wa1_2.csv