Classical Computing vs Quantum Computing

12 Jun, 2019
Introduction :The conventional method of computing is the most popular method for solving the desired problem with the estimated time complexities. Algorithms of searching, sorting and many others are there to tackle daily life problems and are efficiently controlled over time and space with respect to different approaches. For example, Linear Search has time complexity of O(n), Binary Search have (nlog2n). These all give a boom to software industries and other IT sectors to work for the welfare of the world.
Basic Conventional Structure :Certainly, we use bits (either 0 or 1) for storing the information and with the help of these 2 bits, we calculate Giga to Tera to Petabytes of data and even much more with quite unparalleled efficiency. Now let’s go deep into it, Four classical Bits can be transformed in 24 combinations i.e. 16 combinations as follows-
0000    0001    0010    0011
0100    0101    0110    0111
1000    1001    1010    1011
1100    1101    1110    1111

That’s 16 possible combinations, out of which we can use only one at a time. Our CPU calculates at average 2.4GHz, apparently, it looks like that all combinations are calculated simultaneously but of course they are distinct from each other and CPU calculate one at a time each combination. Although simultaneous calculation can be done by having more than 1 CPU in the machine and that’s is called as Multiprocessing but that’s a different thing. The fact is that our CPU calculates each combination one at a time. Here arises a big and advanced research question – can all of them be used simultaneously at once without having any multiprocessors?
To answer this crazy question, Quantum Computing came into the picture. This computing technique makes direct use of distinctively quantum mechanical phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to perform the operation on the data. The basic and extraordinary idea for quantum computing is that in normal classical computers, bits are the basic smallest unit of information.
Quantum computers use qubits (Quantum bits) which can also be set up as 0 or 1 likewise the classical bits but the container of these bits are changed from transistors to photons. A Qubit can be among any 2 level quantum system, such as spin and a magnetic field, or a single photon. The possible states can be entitled as 0 or 1 as per the horizontal or vertical polarisation. Consequently, of Quantum World theory, qubit doesn’t have to be just one of those. it can be in any ratio of both the states at once. That merely called as Superposition..
Application of Quantum ComputingThis can lead to a severe and groundbreaking foundation in the field of computer science. This helps to solve many unsolved or virtually solvable problems with the unified space and time complexities.
Creating an Application for the dice having 8 sidesTo write the basic program using quantum computing we have setup environment for the machine. Follow the below steps for setting up the Environment :
Signup for a Free API key for Forest. After Signing up the API ket will be mailed to you freely.
Check whether you have Python 3.x installed. (Use python –version). If version not updated then installed latest version from here)
Once you have Right version install, install pyquil using command pip install pyquil
Importing the required module :
from pyquil.quil import Programfrom pyquil.api import QVMConnectionfrom pyquil.gates import Hfrom functools import reduce  qvm = QVMConnection()
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Important Note :
Generally, quantum is programmed in Forest using the program object.
QVM actually provides the connection to the quantum virtual machine (QVM).
H is the Hadamard Gate. It is basically used to randomize the roll of the dice.
reduce is basically the library used for iterative and looping functionalities.
Final Program :
from pyquil.quil import Programfrom pyquil.api import QVMConnectionfrom pyquil.gates import Hfrom functools import reduce  qvm = QVMConnection()  dice = Program(H(0),H(1), H(2))  roll = dice.measure_all()  res = qvm.run(roll)  value = reduce(lambda x,y: 2*x+y,res[0],0)+1  print ("Dice returned value are ", value)
;
While printing the roll value we got some instructions set as
Output : 
H 0
H 1
H 2
MEASURE 0 [0]
MEASURE 1 [1]
MEASURE 2 [2]

These instruction sets are basically written in QUIL (Quantum Instruction Language)

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