Perl | String Operators

10 Aug, 2021
Operators are the foundation of any programming language. Thus, the functionality of Perl programming language is incomplete without the use of operators. A user can define operators as symbols that help to perform specific mathematical and logical computations on operands. String are scalar variables and start with ($) sign in Perl. The String is defined by user within a single quote (‘) or double quote (“) . There are different types of string operators in Perl, as follows: 
Concatenation Operator (.)
Repetition Operator (x)
Auto-increment Operator (++)
Concatenation Operator(.)
Perl strings are concatenated with a Dot(.) symbol. The Dot(.) sign is used instead of (+) sign in Perl. This operator takes two scalars variables as operands and combines them in a single scalar variable. Both scalars i.e left and right will convert into a single string. Example: 
Perl
# Perl program to demonstrate the# Concatenation Operator(.) in String #!/usr/bin/perl # Input first string$first_string = "Geeks"; # Input second string$second_string = "forGeeks"; # Implement Concatenation operator(.)$concat_string = $first_string.$second_string; # displaying concatenation string resultprint "String After Concatenation = $concat_string\n";
Output:  
String After Concatenation = GeeksforGeeks
Repetition Operator (x)
The x operator accepts a string on its left-hand side and a number on its right-hand side. It will return the string on the left-hand side repeated as many times as the value on the right-hand side. The repetition depends on the user’s input number.Syntax: 
"String" x number_of_times 
Example:
Perl
# Perl program to demonstrate the# Repetition Operator (x) in String #!/usr/bin/perl # Input a string$string = "GeeksforGeeks "; # Repetition operator(x)$str_result = $string x 5; # Display output# print string 5 timesprint "$str_result";
Output: 
GeeksforGeeks GeeksforGeeks GeeksforGeeks GeeksforGeeks GeeksforGeeks 
Note: Possible cases while using the Repetition Operator (x) in String as follows:  
$string xnumber : Gives Output
$string x number : Gives Output
$stringxnumber : Gives Error(where no space between string and x)
$stringx number : Gives Error(where no space between string and x)
Important Point to Remember: Both the Concatenation and Repetition operator can be used with assignment(=) operator as follows: 
Concatenation Assignment Operator (.=)
Repetition Assignment Operator (x=)
Example: 
Perl
# Perl program to demonstrate the# Concatenation and Repetition# Assignment Operator in String  #!/usr/bin/perl  # Input first string$string1 = "Geeks"; # Input second string$string2 = "forgeeks";  $combine = $string1;   # combine two string function (.=)$combine .= $string2;  # Display resultprint $combine; $str_result = "Sudo_Placements"; # Repetition operator(x)$str_result x= 5; # Display output# print string 5 timesprint "\n$str_result";
Output:  
Geeksforgeeks
Sudo_PlacementsSudo_PlacementsSudo_PlacementsSudo_PlacementsSudo_Placements
Auto-increment Operator (++)
This operator can also apply to strings. It is a unary operator thats why it will only take a single operand as string. The last character of the operand(i.e string) will increment by one using the ASCII values of characters. The important point to remember about ++ operator that if the string ends with ‘z or”Z’ then the result of ++ operator will be ‘a’ or ‘A’ respectively but the letter to the left of it will also increment by one as well.Example:  
Perl
# Perl program to demonstrate# Auto-increment Operator (++)  #!/usr/bin/perl  # Input  string$st = "AYY"; $st++; # Display outputprint "After ++ : $st"; # Once again $st++; # Display outputprint "\nAgain After ++ : $st";
Output: 
After ++ : AYZ
Again After ++ : AZA
 
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