3D Heatmap in Python - GeeksforGeeks

28 Jul, 2021
Heatmaps are a great way to visualize a dataset, methods for visualizing the data are getting explored constantly and 3D heatmap is one of the ways to plot data. Let’s learn how we can plot 3D data in python. We are going to use matplotlib and mplot3d to plot the 3D Heatmap in Python. We need to install the matplotlib explicitly by running the following command in the console:
pip3 install matplotlib
In this code example, firstly we are using the statement %matplotlib to display all matplotlib plots inline within the jupyter notebook. Then we have imported all the necessary libraries needed for running this code example – the mplot3d library is used to draw 3d plots, pyplot is mainly for plotting the figure and its configuration. 
After this, we have created a random dataset for our 3d heatmap using NumPy randint function to create a random integer array. 
Using plt.figure, we have created a figure of size 10×10 width and height respectively by default the matplotlib will produce 2D plots, so to specify this as a 3d plot we use add_subplot function with projection=’3d’ to create a 3d plot.
We are mapping an array of integers as an RGBA color for our plot using the set_array() function. 
After that, we are creating a scatter plot with our 3d dataset and by setting marker value as s we are displaying each data point as square-shaped. Their color will depend on the array that we have created earlier called colo.  
At last, we have set the x, y, z labels and title using the set_label function and displayed the plot using show() function. 
Code:
Python3
# 3D Heatmap in Python using matplotlib  # to make plot interactive %matplotlib  # importing required librariesfrom mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3Dimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as npfrom pylab import *  # creating a dummy datasetx = np.random.randint(low=100, high=500, size=(1000,))y = np.random.randint(low=300, high=500, size=(1000,))z = np.random.randint(low=200, high=500, size=(1000,))colo = [x + y + z]  # creating figuresfig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10))ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')  # setting color barcolor_map = cm.ScalarMappable(cmap=cm.Greens_r)color_map.set_array(colo)  # creating the heatmapimg = ax.scatter(x, y, z, marker='s',                 s=200, color='green')plt.colorbar(color_map)  # adding title and labelsax.set_title("3D Heatmap")ax.set_xlabel('X-axis')ax.set_ylabel('Y-axis')ax.set_zlabel('Z-axis')  # displaying plotplt.show()
Output:
We have created a random dataset for our 3d heatmap using NumPy randint function to create a random integer array. 
Using plt.figure, we have created a figure of size 10×10 width and height respectively by default the matplotlib will produce 2D plots, so to specify this as a 3d plot we use the Axes3D to create a 3d plot. We are mapping an array of integers as an RGBA color for our plot using the set_array() function. 
After that, we are creating a scatter plot with our 3d dataset and by setting marker value as s we are displaying each data point as square-shaped. Their color will depend on the array that we have created earlier called colo.  
At last, we have set the x, y, z labels and title using the set_label function and displayed the plot using show() function. 
Code :
Python3
# 3D Heatmap in Python using matplotlib  # to make plot interactive%matplotlib inline  # importing required librariesfrom mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3Dimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as npfrom pylab import *  # creating a dummy datasetx = np.random.randint(low=10, high=1000, size=(1000,))y = np.random.randint(low=20, high=1000, size=(1000,))z = np.random.randint(low=1, high=1000, size=(1000,))colo = np.random.randn(10, 1000)*1000  # creating 3d figuresfig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10))ax = Axes3D(fig)  # configuring colorbarcolor_map = cm.ScalarMappable(cmap=cm.gray)color_map.set_array(colo)  # creating the heatmapimg = ax.scatter(x, y, z, marker='s',                 s=100, color='gray')plt.colorbar(color_map)  # adding title and labelsax.set_title("3D Heatmap")ax.set_xlabel('X-axis')ax.set_ylabel('Y-axis')ax.set_zlabel('Z-axis')  # displaying plotplt.show()
Output:
We are using pandas we have loaded the dataset and we are using 3 columns for plotting and one column for color bar. You can operate the data as your wish. 
Using plt.figure, we have created a figure of size 8×5 width and height respectively by default the matplotlib will produce 2D plots, so to specify this as a 3d plot we use add_subplot function with projection=’3d’ to create a 3d plot. We are mapping an array of integers as an RGBA color for our plot using the set_array() function. 
After that, we are creating a scatter plot with our 3d dataset and by setting marker value as s we are displaying each data point as square-shaped. Their color will depend on the array that we have created earlier called colo.  
At last, we have set the x, y, z labels and title using the set_label function and displayed the plot using show() function. 
Download the dataset from here.
Python3
#!/usr/bin/python3# 3D Heatmap in Python using matplotlib  # to make plot interactive%matplotlib inline  # importing required librariesfrom mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3Dimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as npimport pandas as pdfrom pylab import *  # reading a dummy datasetdataset = pd.read_csv("/data.csv")x = dataset["Col.1"].tolist()y = dataset["Col.2"].tolist()z = dataset["Col.3"].tolist()  colo = dataset["total"].tolist()  # creating 3d figuresfig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 5))ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')  # configuring colorbarcolor_map = cm.ScalarMappable(cmap=cm.gray)color_map.set_array(colo)  # creating the heatmapimg = ax.scatter(x, y, z, marker='s',                  s=99, color='gray')plt.colorbar(color_map)  # adding title and labelsax.set_title("3D Heatmap")ax.set_xlabel('X')ax.set_ylabel('Y')ax.set_zlabel('')  # displaying plotplt.show()
Output:
Picked
Python-matplotlib
Python
Writing code in comment?
Please use ide.geeksforgeeks.org,
generate link and share the link here.
Comments
Old Comments
How to Install PIP on Windows ?
How to drop one or multiple columns in Pandas Dataframe
How To Convert Python Dictionary To JSON?
Check if element exists in list in Python
Python | Pandas dataframe.groupby()
Defaultdict in Python
Python | Get unique values from a list
Python Classes and Objects
Python | os.path.join() method
Create a directory in Python