QMenuBar, QMenu & QAction Widgets

A horizontal QMenuBar just below the title bar of a QMainWindow object is reserved for displaying QMenu objects.
QMenu class provides a widget which can be added to menu bar. It is also used to create context menu and popup menu. Each QMenu object may contain one or more QAction objects or cascaded QMenu objects.
To create a popup menu, PyQt API provides createPopupMenu() function. menuBar() function returns main window’s QMenuBar object. addMenu() function lets addition of menu to the bar. In turn, actions are added in the menu by addAction() method.
Following table lists some of the important methods used in designing a menu system.
Given below are the most commonly used methods of QMenu.
menuBar()
Returns main window’s QMenuBar object
addMenu()
Adds a new QMenu object to menu bar
addAction()
Adds an action button to QMenu widget consisting of text or icon
setEnabled()
Sets state of action button to enabled/disabled
addSeperator()
Adds a separator line in the menu
Clear()
Removes contents of menu/menu bar
setShortcut()
Associates keyboard shortcut to action button
setText()
Assigns text to action button
setTitle()
Sets the title of QMenu widget
text()
Retrieves the text associated with QAction object
title()
Retrieves the text associated with QMenu object
QMenu object emits triggered() signal whenever any QAction button is clicked. Reference to the clicked QAction object is passed on to the connected slot function.
In this example, first all reference to QMenuBar object of top level window (which has to be a QMainWindow object) is stored.
bar = self.menuBar()

File menu is added to the menu bar by addMenu() method.
file = bar.addMenu("File")

An action button in the menu may be a string or a QAction object.
file.addAction("New")
save = QAction("Save",self)
save.setShortcut("Ctrl+S")
file.addAction(save)

A submenu is added to top level menu.
edit = file.addMenu("Edit")
edit.addAction("copy")
edit.addAction("paste")

triggered() signal emitted by file menu is connected to processtrigger() method, which receives QAction object causing the signal.
file.triggered[QAction].connect(self.processtrigger)

The complete code is as follows −
import sys
from PyQt4.QtCore import *
from PyQt4.QtGui import *

class menudemo(QMainWindow):
   def __init__(self, parent = None):
      super(menudemo, self).__init__(parent)
		
      layout = QHBoxLayout()
      bar = self.menuBar()
      file = bar.addMenu("File")
      file.addAction("New")
		
      save = QAction("Save",self)
      save.setShortcut("Ctrl+S")
      file.addAction(save)
		
      edit = file.addMenu("Edit")
      edit.addAction("copy")
      edit.addAction("paste")
		
      quit = QAction("Quit",self) 
      file.addAction(quit)
      file.triggered[QAction].connect(self.processtrigger)
      self.setLayout(layout)
      self.setWindowTitle("menu demo")
		
   def processtrigger(self,q):
      print q.text()+" is triggered"
		
def main():
   app = QApplication(sys.argv)
   ex = menudemo()
   ex.show()
   sys.exit(app.exec_())
	
if __name__ == '__main__':
   main()
The above code produces the following output −

    146 Lectures 
     22.5 hours 

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