Computer - Number System

When we type some letters or words, the computer translates them in numbers as computers can understand only numbers. A computer can understand the positional number system where there are only a few symbols called digits and these symbols represent different values depending on the position they occupy in the number.
The value of each digit in a number can be determined using −
The digit
The digit
The position of the digit in the number
The position of the digit in the number
The base of the number system (where the base is defined as the total number of digits available in the number system)
The base of the number system (where the base is defined as the total number of digits available in the number system)
The number system that we use in our day-to-day life is the decimal number system. Decimal number system has base 10 as it uses 10 digits from 0 to 9. In decimal number system, the successive positions to the left of the decimal point represent units, tens, hundreds, thousands, and so on.
Each position represents a specific power of the base (10). For example, the decimal number 1234 consists of the digit 4 in the units position, 3 in the tens position, 2 in the hundreds position, and 1 in the thousands position. Its value can be written as
(1 x 1000)+ (2 x 100)+ (3 x 10)+ (4 x l)
(1 x 103)+ (2 x 102)+ (3 x 101)+ (4 x l00)
1000 + 200 + 30 + 4
1234

As a computer programmer or an IT professional, you should understand the following number systems which are frequently used in computers.
Binary Number System
Base 2. Digits used : 0, 1
Octal Number System
Base 8. Digits used : 0 to 7
Hexa Decimal Number System
Base 16. Digits used: 0 to 9, Letters used : A- F
Characteristics of the binary number system are as follows −
Uses two digits, 0 and 1
Uses two digits, 0 and 1
Also called as base 2 number system
Also called as base 2 number system
Each position in a binary number represents a 0 power of the base (2). Example 20
Each position in a binary number represents a 0 power of the base (2). Example 20
Last position in a binary number represents a x power of the base (2). Example 2x where x represents the last position - 1.
Last position in a binary number represents a x power of the base (2). Example 2x where x represents the last position - 1.
Binary Number: 101012
Calculating Decimal Equivalent −
Note − 101012 is normally written as 10101.
Characteristics of the octal number system are as follows −
Uses eight digits, 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
Uses eight digits, 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
Also called as base 8 number system
Also called as base 8 number system
Each position in an octal number represents a 0 power of the base (8). Example 80
Each position in an octal number represents a 0 power of the base (8). Example 80
Last position in an octal number represents a x power of the base (8). Example 8x where x represents the last position - 1
Last position in an octal number represents a x power of the base (8). Example 8x where x represents the last position - 1
Octal Number: 125708
Calculating Decimal Equivalent −
Note − 125708 is normally written as 12570.
Characteristics of hexadecimal number system are as follows −
Uses 10 digits and 6 letters, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F
Uses 10 digits and 6 letters, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F
Letters represent the numbers starting from 10. A = 10. B = 11, C = 12, D = 13, E = 14, F = 15
Letters represent the numbers starting from 10. A = 10. B = 11, C = 12, D = 13, E = 14, F = 15
Also called as base 16 number system
Also called as base 16 number system
Each position in a hexadecimal number represents a 0 power of the base (16). Example, 160
Each position in a hexadecimal number represents a 0 power of the base (16). Example, 160
Last position in a hexadecimal number represents a x power of the base (16). Example 16x where x represents the last position - 1
Last position in a hexadecimal number represents a x power of the base (16). Example 16x where x represents the last position - 1
Hexadecimal Number: 19FDE16
Calculating Decimal Equivalent −
Note − 19FDE16 is normally written as 19FDE.

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