CSS Padding

Padding is used to create space around an element's content, inside of any defined borders.
The CSS padding properties are used to generate space around 
an element's content, inside of any defined borders.
With CSS, you have full control over the padding. There are properties 
for setting the padding for each side of an element (top, right, bottom, and left).
CSS has properties for specifying the padding for each 
side of an element:
padding-top
padding-right
padding-bottom
padding-left
All the padding properties can have the following values:
length - specifies a padding in px, pt, cm, etc.
% - specifies a padding in % of the width of the containing element
inherit - specifies that the padding should be inherited from the parent element
Note: Negative values are not allowed.
Set different padding for all four sides of a <div> element:  
To shorten the code, it is possible to specify all the padding properties in 
one property.
The padding property is a shorthand property for the following individual 
padding properties:
padding-top
padding-right
padding-bottom
padding-left
So, here is how it works:
If the padding property has four values:
padding: 25px 50px 75px 100px; 
top padding is 25px
right padding is 50px
bottom padding is 75px
left padding is 100px

top padding is 25px
right padding is 50px
bottom padding is 75px
left padding is 100px
Use the padding shorthand property with four values:
If the padding property has three values:
padding: 25px 50px 75px;
top padding is 25px
right and left paddings are 50px
bottom padding is 75px

top padding is 25px
right and left paddings are 50px
bottom padding is 75px
Use the padding shorthand property with three values: 
If the padding property has two values:
padding: 25px 50px;top and bottom paddings are 25px
right and left paddings are 50px

top and bottom paddings are 25px
right and left paddings are 50px
Use the padding shorthand property with two values: 
If the padding property has one value:
padding: 25px;all four paddings are 25px

all four paddings are 25px
Use the padding shorthand property with one value: 
The CSS width property specifies the width of the element's content area. The 
content area is the portion inside the padding, border, and margin of an element 
(the box model).
So, if an element has a specified width, the padding added to that element will 
be added to the total width of the element. This is often an undesirable result.
Here, the <div> element is given a width of 300px. 
However, the actual width of the <div> element will be 350px (300px + 
25px of left padding + 25px of right padding):
To keep the width at 300px, no matter the amount of padding, you can use the 
box-sizing property. This causes the element to maintain its actual width; if 
you increase the padding, the available content space will decrease.
Use the box-sizing property to keep the width at 300px, no matter the 
  amount of padding:
Set the left padding
This example demonstrates how to set the left padding of a <p> element.
Set the right padding
This example demonstrates how to set the right padding of a <p> element.
Set the top padding
This example demonstrates how to set the top padding of a <p> element.
Set the bottom padding
This example demonstrates how to set the bottom padding of a <p> element.
Set the top padding of the <h1> element to 30 pixels.
<style>
h1 {
  : 30px;
}
</style>

<body>
  <h1>This is a heading</h1>
  <p>This is a paragraph</p>
  <p>This is a paragraph</p>
</body>

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