Rank of All Elements in an Array using C++

In the given problem, we need to rank all the given elements of an array, with the smallest number having the smallest rank and the largest having the largest rank. We also need to change the ranks of a number depending on their frequencies, for examples −
Input : 20 30 10
Output : 2.0 3.0 1.0

Input : 10 12 15 12 10 25 12
Output : 1.5, 4.0, 6.0, 4.0, 1.5, 7.0, 4.0

Here the rank of 10 is 1.5 because there are two 10s present in the given array now if we assume they both take different ranks i.e. 1 and 2 and we thus divide it within themselves so their rank becomes 1.5 and 1.5.

Input : 1, 2, 5, 2, 1, 60, 3
Output : 1.5, 3.5, 6.0, 3.5, 1.5, 7.0, 5.0
There are two different approaches to find the solution, and they are −
In this approach, we will loop, select any particular element, and determine its rank.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {
   int arr[] = {1, 2, 5, 2, 1, 25, 2}; // given array
   int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]); // size of our given array

   float rank[n] = {0}; // our ranking array
   for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      int r = 1; // the number of elements greater than arr[i]
      int s = 1; // the number of elements equal to arr[i]

      for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
         if (j != i && arr[j] < arr[i])
            r += 1;
   
         if (j != i && arr[j] == arr[i])
            s += 1;
      }
      rank[i] = r + (float)(s - 1) / (float) 2; // using formula
      //to obtain rank of particular element

   }

   for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) // outputting the ranks
      cout << rank[i] << ' ';

   return 0;
}
1.5 4 6 4 1.5 7 4
This program has a time complexity of O(N*N) where N is the size of a given array now; as you can see, our time complexity is not good, so we will increase its efficiency to work for higher constraints well.
In this approach, we are going to take a new array and sort it now as the array is sorted now we know that all the elements of the same rank will be together, so now we rank them as usual and then calculate the rank of a particular element.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

int main() {
   int arr[] = {1, 2, 5, 2, 1, 60, 3}; // given array
   int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]); // size of our given array
   float rank[n] = {0}; // our ranking array
   int old[n];
   for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
   old[i] = arr[i];
   sort(arr, arr+n); // sorting the array
   int prev = arr[0];
   int r = 1; // ranks
   int s = 0; // frequency
   int tot = 0; // will stack up all the rank contained by an element
   map<int, float> rrank;

   for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      if(prev == arr[i]) {
         s++;
         tot += r;
      } else {
         float now = 0;
         now = (float)tot/s; // dividing the ranks equally
         rrank[prev] = now;
         prev = arr[i];
         tot = r;
         s = 1;
      }
      r++;
   }
   rrank[arr[n-1]] = (float)tot/s;
   for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) // outputting the ranks
      cout << rrank[old[i]] << " ";

   return 0;
}
1.5 3.5 6 3.5 1.5 7 5
In this approach, we sort our array, and then we rank each of the elements from the starting (ranks starting from 1). Now, if our prev element is equal to our current element, we increase s and stack up to our sum of ranks. When our elements are changed, we divide the ranks among previous elements, refresh s and total, and continue our code.
In this article, we solve a problem to find the Rank of all elements in an array. We also learned the C++ program for this problem and the complete approach ( Normal and efficient ) by which we solved this problem. We can write the same program in other languages such as C, java, python, and other languages.