stunnel - Unix, Linux Command

stunnel can be used to add SSL functionality to commonly used Inetd
daemons like POP-2, POP-3, and IMAP servers, to standalone daemons like
NNTP, SMTP and HTTP, and in tunneling PPP over network sockets without
changes to the source code.


This product includes cryptographic software written by
Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com)



chroot keeps stunnel in chrooted jail.  CApath, CRLpath, pid
and exec are located inside the jail and the patches have to be relative
to the directory specified with chroot.



To have libwrap (TCP Wrappers) control effective in a chrooted environment
you also have to copy its configuration files (/etc/hosts.allow and
/etc/hosts.deny) there.



default: no compression



Level is a one of the syslog level names or numbers
emerg (0), alert (1), crit (2), err (3), warning (4), notice (5),
info (6), or debug (7).  All logs for the specified level and
all levels numerically less than it will be shown.  Use debug = debug or
debug = 7 for greatest debugging output.  The default is notice (5).



The syslog facility ’authpriv’ will be used unless a facility name is supplied.
(Facilities are not supported on Win32.)



Case is ignored for both facilities and levels.



Entropy Gathering Daemon socket to use to feed OpenSSL random number
generator.  (Available only if compiled with OpenSSL 0.9.5a or higher)



default: software-only cryptography



Stay in foreground (don’t fork) and log to stderr
instead of via syslog (unless output is specified).



default: background in daemon mode



/dev/stdout device can be used to redirect log messages to the standard
output (for example to log them with daemontools splogger).



If the argument is empty, then no pid file will be created.



pid path is relative to chroot directory if specified.



Number of bytes of data read from random seed files.  With SSL versions
less than 0.9.5a, also determines how many bytes of data are considered
sufficient to seed the PRNG.  More recent OpenSSL versions have a builtin
function to determine when sufficient randomness is available.



The SSL library will use data from this file first to seed the random
number generator.



default: yes



On Unix: inetd mode service name for TCP Wrapper library.



On NT/2000/XP: NT service name in the Control Panel.



default: stunnel



The values for linger option are l_onof:l_linger.
The values for time are tv_sec:tv_usec.



Examples:





    socket = l:SO_LINGER=1:60
        set one minute timeout for closing local socket
    socket = r:TCP_NODELAY=1
        turn off the Nagle algorithm for remote sockets
    socket = r:SO_OOBINLINE=1
        place out-of-band data directly into the
        receive data stream for remote sockets
    socket = a:SO_REUSEADDR=0
        disable address reuse (enabled by default)
    socket = a:SO_BINDTODEVICE=lo
        only accept connections on loopback interface



default: yes


Note that if you wish to run stunnel in inetd mode (where it
is provided a network socket by a server such as inetd, xinetd,
or tcpserver) then you should read the section entitled INETD MODE
below.



If no host specified, defaults to all IP addresses for the local host.



This is the directory in which stunnel will look for certificates when
using the verify. Note that the certificates in this directory
should be named XXXXXXXX.0 where XXXXXXXX is the hash value of the cert.



CApath path is relative to chroot directory if specified.



This file contains multiple CA certificates, used with the verify.



A PEM is always needed in server mode.
Specifying this flag in client mode will use this certificate chain
as a client side certificate chain.  Using client side certs is optional.
The certificates must be in PEM format and must be sorted starting with the
certificate to the highest level (root CA).



A colon delimited list of the ciphers to allow in the SSL connection.
For example DES-CBC3-SHA:IDEA-CBC-MD5



default: no (server mode)



If no host specified, defaults to localhost.



This is the directory in which stunnel will look for CRLs when
using the verify. Note that the CRLs in this directory should
be named XXXXXXXX.0 where XXXXXXXX is the hash value of the CRL.



CRLpath path is relative to chroot directory if specified.



This file contains multiple CRLs, used with the verify.



exec path is relative to chroot directory if specified.




Quoting is currently not supported.
Arguments are separated with arbitrary number of whitespaces.



Private key is needed to authenticate certificate owner.
Since this file should be kept secret it should only be readable
to its owner.  On Unix systems you can use the following command:





    chmod 600 keyfile



default: value of cert option



The parameter is the OpenSSL option name as described in the
SSL_CTX_set_options(3ssl) manual, but without SSL_OP_ prefix.
Several options can be used to specify multiple options.



For example for compatibility with erroneous Eudora SSL implementation
the following option can be used:





    options = DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS



currently supported: cifs, connect, nntp, pop3, smtp



Re-write address to appear as if wrapped daemon is connecting
from the SSL client machine instead of the machine running stunnel.
This option is only available in local mode (exec option)
by LD_PRELOADing env.so shared library or in remote mode (connect
option) on Linux 2.2 kernel compiled with transparent proxy option
and then only in server mode. Note that this option will not combine
with proxy mode (connect) unless the client’s default route to the target
machine lies through the host running stunnel, which cannot be localhost.





    level 1 - verify peer certificate if present
    level 2 - verify peer certificate
    level 3 - verify peer with locally installed certificate
    default - no verify




    [imapd]
    accept = 993
    exec = /usr/sbin/imapd
    execargs = imapd


If you want to provide tunneling to your pppd daemon on port 2020,
use something like




    [vpn]
    accept = 2020
    exec = /usr/sbin/pppd
    execargs = pppd local
    pty = yes


If you want to use stunnel in inetd mode to launch your imapd
process, you’d use this stunnel.conf.
Note there must be no [service_name] section.




    exec = /usr/sbin/imapd
    execargs = imapd


For example, if you have the following line in inetd.conf:




    imaps stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/stunnel stunnel /etc/stunnel/imaps.conf


In these cases, the inetd-style program is responsible
for binding a network socket (imaps above) and handing
it to stunnel when a connection is received.
Thus you do not want stunnel to have any accept option.
All the Service Level Options should be placed in the
global options section, and no [service_name] section
will be present.  See the EXAMPLES section for example
configurations.


Two things are important when generating certificate-key pairs for
stunnel. The private key cannot be encrypted, because the server
has no way to obtain the password from the user. To produce an
unencrypted key add the -nodes option when running the req
command from the OpenSSL kit.


The order of contents of the .pem file is also important.
It should contain the unencrypted private key first, then a signed certificate
(not certificate request).
There should be also empty lines after certificate and private key.
Plaintext certificate information appended on the top of generated certificate
should be discarded. So the file should look like this:




    -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
    [encoded key]
    -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
    [empty line]
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    [encoded certificate]
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
    [empty line]


Note that on Windows machines that do not have console user interaction
(mouse movements, creating windows, etc) the screen contents are not
variable enough to be sufficient, and you should provide a random file
for use with the RNDfile flag.


Note that the file specified with the RNDfile flag should contain
random data — that means it should contain different information
each time stunnel is run.  This is handled automatically
unless the RNDoverwrite flag is used.  If you wish to update this file
manually, the openssl rand command in recent versions of OpenSSL,
would be useful.


One important note — if /dev/urandom is available, OpenSSL has a habit of
seeding the PRNG with it even when checking the random state, so on
systems with /dev/urandom you’re likely to use it even though it’s listed
at the very bottom of the list above.  This isn’t stunnel’s behaviour, it’s
OpenSSLs.


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