deque::at() and deque::swap() in C++ STL - GeeksforGeeks

13 Jan, 2018
Deque or Double ended queues are sequence containers with the feature of expansion and contraction on both the ends. They are similar to vectors, but are more efficient in case of insertion and deletion of elements at the end, and also the beginning. Unlike vectors, contiguous storage allocation may not be guaranteed.
at() function is used reference the element present at the position given as the parameter to the function.Syntax :
dequename.at(position)
Parameters :
Position of the element to be fetched.
Returns :
Direct reference to the element at the given position.

Examples:
Input  :  mydeque = 1, 2, 3
          mydeque.at(2);
Output :  3

Input  :  mydeque = 3, 4, 1, 7, 3
          mydeque.at(3);
Output :  7

Errors and Exceptions
1. If the position is not present in the deque, it throws out_of_range.2. It has a strong no exception throw guarantee otherwise.
// CPP program to illustrate// Implementation of at() function#include <deque>#include <iostream>using namespace std;  int main(){    deque<int> mydeque;    mydeque.push_back(3);    mydeque.push_back(4);    mydeque.push_back(1);    mydeque.push_back(7);    mydeque.push_back(3);    cout << mydeque.at(3);    return 0;}
Output:
7

ApplicationGiven a deque of integers, print all the integers present at even positions.
Input  :1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Output :1 3 5 7 9
Explanation - 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 are at position 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 which are even

Algorithm1. Run a loop till the size of the array.2. Check if the position is divisible by 2, if yes, print the element at that position.
// CPP program to illustrate// Application of at() function#include <deque>#include <iostream>using namespace std;  int main(){    deque<int> mydeque;    mydeque.push_back(1);    mydeque.push_back(2);    mydeque.push_back(3);    mydeque.push_back(4);    mydeque.push_back(5);    mydeque.push_back(6);    mydeque.push_back(7);    mydeque.push_back(8);    mydeque.push_back(9);    // Deque becomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9      for (int i = 0; i < mydeque.size(); ++i) {        if (i % 2 == 0) {            cout << mydeque.at(i);            cout << " ";        }    }    return 0;}
Output:
1 3 5 7 9

This function is used to swap the contents of one deque with another deque of same type and size.
Syntax :
dequename1.swap(dequename2)
Parameters :
The name of the deque with which
the contents have to be swapped.
Result :
All the elements of the 2 deque are swapped.

Examples:
Input  : mydeque1 = {1, 2, 3, 4}
         mydeque2 = {3, 5, 7, 9}
         mydeque1.swap(mydeque2);
Output : mydeque1 = {3, 5, 7, 9}
         mydeque2 = {1, 2, 3, 4}

Input  : mydeque1 = {1, 3, 5, 7}
         mydeque2 = {2, 4, 6, 8}
         mydeque1.swap(mydeque2);
Output : mydeque1 = {2, 4, 6, 8}
         mydeque2 = {1, 3, 5, 7}

Errors and Exceptions
1. It throws an error if the deque are not of the same type.2. It throws error if the deque are not of the same size.2. It has a basic no exception throw guarantee otherwise.
// CPP program to illustrate// Implementation of swap() function#include <deque>#include <iostream>using namespace std;  int main(){    // deque container declaration    deque<int> mydeque1{ 1, 2, 3, 4 };    deque<int> mydeque2{ 3, 5, 7, 9 };      // using swap() function to swap elements of deques    mydeque1.swap(mydeque2);      // printing the first deque    cout << "mydeque1 = ";    for (auto it = mydeque1.begin(); it < mydeque1.end(); ++it)        cout << *it << " ";      // printing the second deque    cout << endl         << "mydeque2 = ";    for (auto it = mydeque2.begin(); it < mydeque2.end(); ++it)        cout << *it << " ";    return 0;}
Output:
mydeque1 = 3 5 7 9 
mydeque2 = 1 2 3 4 

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