Find a specific pair in Matrix - GeeksforGeeks

12 Apr, 2021

Given an n x n matrix mat[n][n] of integers, find the maximum value of mat(c, d) – mat(a, b) over all choices of indexes such that both c > a and d > b.Example: 
Input:
mat[N][N] = {{ 1, 2, -1, -4, -20 },
             { -8, -3, 4, 2, 1 }, 
             { 3, 8, 6, 1, 3 },
             { -4, -1, 1, 7, -6 },
             { 0, -4, 10, -5, 1 }};
Output: 18
The maximum value is 18 as mat[4][2] 
- mat[1][0] = 18 has maximum difference. 
The program should do only ONE traversal of the matrix. i.e. expected time complexity is O(n2)A simple solution would be to apply Brute-Force. For all values mat(a, b) in the matrix, we find mat(c, d) that has maximum value such that c > a and d > b and keeps on updating maximum value found so far. We finally return the maximum value.Below is its implementation.  
C++
Java
Python 3
C#
PHP
Javascript
 

 
 










// A Naive method to find maximum value of mat[d][e]
// - ma[a][b] such that d > a and e > b
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define N 5
 
// The function returns maximum value A(d,e) - A(a,b)
// over all choices of indexes such that both d > a
// and e > b.
int findMaxValue(int mat[][N])
{
    // stores maximum value
    int maxValue = INT_MIN;
 
    // Consider all possible pairs mat[a][b] and
    // mat[d][e]
    for (int a = 0; a < N - 1; a++)
    for (int b = 0; b < N - 1; b++)
        for (int d = a + 1; d < N; d++)
        for (int e = b + 1; e < N; e++)
            if (maxValue < (mat[d][e] - mat[a][b]))
                maxValue = mat[d][e] - mat[a][b];
 
    return maxValue;
}
 
// Driver program to test above function
int main()
{
int mat[N][N] = {
                { 1, 2, -1, -4, -20 },
                { -8, -3, 4, 2, 1 },
                { 3, 8, 6, 1, 3 },
                { -4, -1, 1, 7, -6 },
                { 0, -4, 10, -5, 1 }
            };
    cout << "Maximum Value is "
        << findMaxValue(mat);
 
    return 0;
}






 

 
 










// A Naive method to find maximum value of mat1[d][e]
// - ma[a][b] such that d > a and e > b
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
  
class GFG 
{
    // The function returns maximum value A(d,e) - A(a,b)
    // over all choices of indexes such that both d > a
    // and e > b.
    static int findMaxValue(int N,int mat[][])
    {
        // stores maximum value
        int maxValue = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
      
        // Consider all possible pairs mat[a][b] and
        // mat1[d][e]
        for (int a = 0; a < N - 1; a++)
          for (int b = 0; b < N - 1; b++)
             for (int d = a + 1; d < N; d++)
               for (int e = b + 1; e < N; e++)
                  if (maxValue < (mat[d][e] - mat[a][b]))
                      maxValue = mat[d][e] - mat[a][b];
      
        return maxValue;
    }
      
    // Driver code
    public static void main (String[] args) 
    {
        int N = 5;
 
        int mat[][] = {
                      { 1, 2, -1, -4, -20 },
                      { -8, -3, 4, 2, 1 },
                      { 3, 8, 6, 1, 3 },
                      { -4, -1, 1, 7, -6 },
                      { 0, -4, 10, -5, 1 }
                   };
 
        System.out.print("Maximum Value is " + 
                         findMaxValue(N,mat));
    }
}
  
// This code is contributed
// by Prakriti Gupta






 

 
 










# A Naive method to find maximum 
# value of mat[d][e] - mat[a][b]
# such that d > a and e > b
N = 5
 
# The function returns maximum 
# value A(d,e) - A(a,b) over 
# all choices of indexes such 
# that both d > a and e > b.
def findMaxValue(mat):
     
    # stores maximum value
    maxValue = 0
 
    # Consider all possible pairs 
    # mat[a][b] and mat[d][e]
    for a in range(N - 1):
        for b in range(N - 1):
            for d in range(a + 1, N):
                for e in range(b + 1, N):
                    if maxValue < int (mat[d][e] -
                                       mat[a][b]):
                        maxValue = int(mat[d][e] -
                                       mat[a][b]);
 
    return maxValue;
 
# Driver Code
mat = [[ 1, 2, -1, -4, -20 ],
       [ -8, -3, 4, 2, 1 ],
       [ 3, 8, 6, 1, 3 ],
       [ -4, -1, 1, 7, -6 ],
       [ 0, -4, 10, -5, 1 ]];
        
print("Maximum Value is " +
       str(findMaxValue(mat)))
       
# This code is contributed 
# by ChitraNayal






 

 
 










// A Naive method to find maximum 
// value of mat[d][e] - mat[a][b]
// such that d > a and e > b
using System;
class GFG
{
     
    // The function returns
    // maximum value A(d,e) - A(a,b)
    // over all choices of indexes 
    // such that both d > a
    // and e > b.
    static int findMaxValue(int N, 
                            int [,]mat)
    {
         
        //stores maximum value
        int maxValue = int.MinValue;
     
        // Consider all possible pairs 
        // mat[a][b] and mat[d][e]
        for (int a = 0; a< N - 1; a++)
        for (int b = 0; b < N - 1; b++)
            for (int d = a + 1; d < N; d++)
            for (int e = b + 1; e < N; e++)
                if (maxValue < (mat[d, e] - 
                                mat[a, b]))
                    maxValue = mat[d, e] - 
                               mat[a, b];
 
        return maxValue;
    }
     
    // Driver code
    public static void Main () 
    {
        int N = 5;
 
        int [,]mat = {{1, 2, -1, -4, -20},
                      {-8, -3, 4, 2, 1},
                      {3, 8, 6, 1, 3},
                      {-4, -1, 1, 7, -6},
                      {0, -4, 10, -5, 1}};
        Console.Write("Maximum Value is " + 
                      findMaxValue(N,mat));
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed 
// by ChitraNayal






 

 
 










<?php
// A Naive method to find maximum 
// value of $mat[d][e] - ma[a][b]
// such that $d > $a and $e > $b
$N = 5;
 
// The function returns maximum 
// value A(d,e) - A(a,b) over 
// all choices of indexes such 
// that both $d > $a and $e > $b.
function findMaxValue(&$mat)
{
    global $N;
     
    // stores maximum value
    $maxValue = PHP_INT_MIN;
 
    // Consider all possible 
    // pairs $mat[$a][$b] and
    // $mat[$d][$e]
    for ($a = 0; $a < $N - 1; $a++)
    for ($b = 0; $b < $N - 1; $b++)
        for ($d = $a + 1; $d < $N; $d++)
        for ($e = $b + 1; $e < $N; $e++)
            if ($maxValue < ($mat[$d][$e] - 
                             $mat[$a][$b]))
                $maxValue = $mat[$d][$e] - 
                            $mat[$a][$b];
 
    return $maxValue;
}
 
// Driver Code
$mat = array(array(1, 2, -1, -4, -20),
             array(-8, -3, 4, 2, 1),
             array(3, 8, 6, 1, 3),
             array(-4, -1, 1, 7, -6),
             array(0, -4, 10, -5, 1));
             
echo "Maximum Value is " . 
       findMaxValue($mat);
 
// This code is contributed 
// by ChitraNayal
?>






 

 
 










<script>
// A Naive method to find maximum value of mat1[d][e]
// - ma[a][b] such that d > a and e > b    
     
    // The function returns maximum value A(d,e) - A(a,b)
    // over all choices of indexes such that both d > a
    // and e > b.
    function findMaxValue(N,mat)
    {
     
        // stores maximum value
        let maxValue = Number.MIN_VALUE;
         
        // Consider all possible pairs mat[a][b] and
        // mat1[d][e]
        for (let a = 0; a < N - 1; a++)
          for (let b = 0; b < N - 1; b++)
             for (let d = a + 1; d < N; d++)
               for (let e = b + 1; e < N; e++)
                  if (maxValue < (mat[d][e] - mat[a][b]))
                      maxValue = mat[d][e] - mat[a][b];
        
        return maxValue;
    }
     
    // Driver code
    let N = 5;
    let mat=[[ 1, 2, -1, -4, -20],[-8, -3, 4, 2, 1],[3, 8, 6, 1, 3],[ -4, -1, 1, 7, -6 ],[ 0, -4, 10, -5, 1 ]];
    document.write("Maximum Value is " +findMaxValue(N,mat));
     
    // This code is contributed by rag2127
</script>






Output: 
Maximum Value is 18
The above program runs in O(n^4) time which is nowhere close to expected time complexity of O(n^2)An efficient solution uses extra space. We pre-process the matrix such that index(i, j) stores max of elements in matrix from (i, j) to (N-1, N-1) and in the process keeps on updating maximum value found so far. We finally return the maximum value. 
C++
Java
Python3
C#
PHP
Javascript
 

 
 










// An efficient method to find maximum value of mat[d]
// - ma[a][b] such that c > a and d > b
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define N 5
 
// The function returns maximum value A(c,d) - A(a,b)
// over all choices of indexes such that both c > a
// and d > b.
int findMaxValue(int mat[][N])
{
    //stores maximum value
    int maxValue = INT_MIN;
 
    // maxArr[i][j] stores max of elements in matrix
    // from (i, j) to (N-1, N-1)
    int maxArr[N][N];
 
    // last element of maxArr will be same's as of
    // the input matrix
    maxArr[N-1][N-1] = mat[N-1][N-1];
 
    // preprocess last row
    int maxv = mat[N-1][N-1];  // Initialize max
    for (int j = N - 2; j >= 0; j--)
    {
        if (mat[N-1][j] > maxv)
            maxv = mat[N - 1][j];
        maxArr[N-1][j] = maxv;
    }
 
    // preprocess last column
    maxv = mat[N - 1][N - 1];  // Initialize max
    for (int i = N - 2; i >= 0; i--)
    {
        if (mat[i][N - 1] > maxv)
            maxv = mat[i][N - 1];
        maxArr[i][N - 1] = maxv;
    }
 
    // preprocess rest of the matrix from bottom
    for (int i = N-2; i >= 0; i--)
    {
        for (int j = N-2; j >= 0; j--)
        {
            // Update maxValue
            if (maxArr[i+1][j+1] - mat[i][j] >
                                            maxValue)
                maxValue = maxArr[i + 1][j + 1] - mat[i][j];
 
            // set maxArr (i, j)
            maxArr[i][j] = max(mat[i][j],
                               max(maxArr[i][j + 1],
                                   maxArr[i + 1][j]) );
        }
    }
 
    return maxValue;
}
 
// Driver program to test above function
int main()
{
    int mat[N][N] = {
                      { 1, 2, -1, -4, -20 },
                      { -8, -3, 4, 2, 1 },
                      { 3, 8, 6, 1, 3 },
                      { -4, -1, 1, 7, -6 },
                      { 0, -4, 10, -5, 1 }
                    };
    cout << "Maximum Value is "
         << findMaxValue(mat);
 
    return 0;
}






 

 
 










// An efficient method to find maximum value of mat1[d]
// - ma[a][b] such that c > a and d > b
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
  
class GFG 
{
    // The function returns maximum value A(c,d) - A(a,b)
    // over all choices of indexes such that both c > a
    // and d > b.
    static int findMaxValue(int N,int mat[][])
    {
        //stores maximum value
        int maxValue = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
      
        // maxArr[i][j] stores max of elements in matrix
        // from (i, j) to (N-1, N-1)
        int maxArr[][] = new int[N][N];
      
        // last element of maxArr will be same's as of
        // the input matrix
        maxArr[N-1][N-1] = mat[N-1][N-1];
      
        // preprocess last row
        int maxv = mat[N-1][N-1];  // Initialize max
        for (int j = N - 2; j >= 0; j--)
        {
            if (mat[N-1][j] > maxv)
                maxv = mat[N - 1][j];
            maxArr[N-1][j] = maxv;
        }
      
        // preprocess last column
        maxv = mat[N - 1][N - 1];  // Initialize max
        for (int i = N - 2; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            if (mat[i][N - 1] > maxv)
                maxv = mat[i][N - 1];
            maxArr[i][N - 1] = maxv;
        }
      
        // preprocess rest of the matrix from bottom
        for (int i = N-2; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            for (int j = N-2; j >= 0; j--)
            {
                // Update maxValue
                if (maxArr[i+1][j+1] - mat[i][j] > maxValue)
                    maxValue = maxArr[i + 1][j + 1] - mat[i][j];
      
                // set maxArr (i, j)
                maxArr[i][j] = Math.max(mat[i][j],
                                   Math.max(maxArr[i][j + 1],
                                       maxArr[i + 1][j]) );
            }
        }
      
        return maxValue;
    }
     
    // Driver code
    public static void main (String[] args) 
    {
        int N = 5;
 
        int mat[][] = {
                      { 1, 2, -1, -4, -20 },
                      { -8, -3, 4, 2, 1 },
                      { 3, 8, 6, 1, 3 },
                      { -4, -1, 1, 7, -6 },
                      { 0, -4, 10, -5, 1 }
                   };
 
        System.out.print("Maximum Value is " + 
                           findMaxValue(N,mat));
    }
}
  
// Contributed by Prakriti Gupta






 

 
 










# An efficient method to find maximum value 
# of mat[d] - ma[a][b] such that c > a and d > b
 
import sys
N = 5
 
# The function returns maximum value 
# A(c,d) - A(a,b) over all choices of 
# indexes such that both c > a and d > b.
def findMaxValue(mat):
 
    # stores maximum value
    maxValue = -sys.maxsize -1
 
    # maxArr[i][j] stores max of elements 
    # in matrix from (i, j) to (N-1, N-1)
    maxArr = [[0 for x in range(N)]
                 for y in range(N)]
 
    # last element of maxArr will be 
    # same's as of the input matrix
    maxArr[N - 1][N - 1] = mat[N - 1][N - 1]
 
    # preprocess last row
    maxv = mat[N - 1][N - 1]; # Initialize max
    for j in range (N - 2, -1, -1):
     
        if (mat[N - 1][j] > maxv):
            maxv = mat[N - 1][j]
        maxArr[N - 1][j] = maxv
     
    # preprocess last column
    maxv = mat[N - 1][N - 1] # Initialize max
    for i in range (N - 2, -1, -1):
     
        if (mat[i][N - 1] > maxv):
            maxv = mat[i][N - 1]
        maxArr[i][N - 1] = maxv
 
    # preprocess rest of the matrix
    # from bottom
    for i in range (N - 2, -1, -1):
     
        for j in range (N - 2, -1, -1):
         
            # Update maxValue
            if (maxArr[i + 1][j + 1] -
                mat[i][j] > maxValue):
                maxValue = (maxArr[i + 1][j + 1] -
                                       mat[i][j])
 
            # set maxArr (i, j)
            maxArr[i][j] = max(mat[i][j], 
                           max(maxArr[i][j + 1], 
                               maxArr[i + 1][j]))
         
    return maxValue
 
# Driver Code
mat = [[ 1, 2, -1, -4, -20 ],
       [-8, -3, 4, 2, 1 ],
       [ 3, 8, 6, 1, 3 ],
       [ -4, -1, 1, 7, -6] ,
       [0, -4, 10, -5, 1 ]]
                     
print ("Maximum Value is",
        findMaxValue(mat))
 
# This code is contributed by iAyushRaj






 

 
 










// An efficient method to find 
// maximum value of mat1[d]
// - ma[a][b] such that c > a 
// and d > b
using System;
class GFG  {
     
    // The function returns
    // maximum value A(c,d) - A(a,b)
    // over all choices of indexes 
    // such that both c > a
    // and d > b.
    static int findMaxValue(int N, int [,]mat)
    {
         
        //stores maximum value
        int maxValue = int.MinValue;
     
        // maxArr[i][j] stores max 
        // of elements in matrix
        // from (i, j) to (N-1, N-1)
        int [,]maxArr = new int[N, N];
     
        // last element of maxArr 
        // will be same's as of
        // the input matrix
        maxArr[N - 1, N - 1] = mat[N - 1,N - 1];
     
        // preprocess last row
         // Initialize max
        int maxv = mat[N - 1, N - 1];
        for (int j = N - 2; j >= 0; j--)
        {
            if (mat[N - 1, j] > maxv)
                maxv = mat[N - 1, j];
            maxArr[N - 1, j] = maxv;
        }
     
        // preprocess last column
        // Initialize max
        maxv = mat[N - 1,N - 1]; 
        for (int i = N - 2; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            if (mat[i, N - 1] > maxv)
                maxv = mat[i,N - 1];
            maxArr[i,N - 1] = maxv;
        }
     
        // preprocess rest of the
        // matrix from bottom
        for (int i = N - 2; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            for (int j = N - 2; j >= 0; j--)
            {
                 
                // Update maxValue
                if (maxArr[i + 1,j + 1] - 
                     mat[i, j] > maxValue)
                    maxValue = maxArr[i + 1,j + 1] - 
                                         mat[i, j];
     
                // set maxArr (i, j)
                maxArr[i,j] = Math.Max(mat[i, j],
                              Math.Max(maxArr[i, j + 1],
                              maxArr[i + 1, j]) );
            }
        }
     
        return maxValue;
    }
     
    // Driver code
    public static void Main () 
    {
        int N = 5;
 
        int [,]mat = {{ 1, 2, -1, -4, -20 },
                      { -8, -3, 4, 2, 1 },
                      { 3, 8, 6, 1, 3 },
                      { -4, -1, 1, 7, -6 },
                      { 0, -4, 10, -5, 1 }};
        Console.Write("Maximum Value is " + 
                        findMaxValue(N,mat));
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by nitin mittal.






 

 
 










<?php 
// An efficient method to find 
// maximum value of mat[d] - ma[a][b] 
// such that c > a and d > b
$N = 5;
 
// The function returns maximum 
// value A(c,d) - A(a,b) over
// all choices of indexes such 
// that both c > a and d > b.
function findMaxValue($mat)
{
    global $N;
     
    // stores maximum value
    $maxValue = PHP_INT_MIN;
 
    // maxArr[i][j] stores max 
    // of elements in matrix
    // from (i, j) to (N-1, N-1)
    $maxArr[$N][$N] = array();
 
    // last element of maxArr 
    // will be same's as of
    // the input matrix
    $maxArr[$N - 1][$N - 1] = $mat[$N - 1][$N - 1];
 
    // preprocess last row
    $maxv = $mat[$N - 1][$N - 1]; // Initialize max
    for ($j = $N - 2; $j >= 0; $j--)
    {
        if ($mat[$N - 1][$j] > $maxv)
            $maxv = $mat[$N - 1][$j];
        $maxArr[$N - 1][$j] = $maxv;
    }
 
    // preprocess last column
    $maxv = $mat[$N - 1][$N - 1]; // Initialize max
    for ($i = $N - 2; $i >= 0; $i--)
    {
        if ($mat[$i][$N - 1] > $maxv)
            $maxv = $mat[$i][$N - 1];
        $maxArr[$i][$N - 1] = $maxv;
    }
 
    // preprocess rest of the
    // matrix from bottom
    for ($i = $N - 2; $i >= 0; $i--)
    {
        for ($j = $N - 2; $j >= 0; $j--)
        {
            // Update maxValue
            if ($maxArr[$i + 1][$j + 1] - 
                $mat[$i][$j] > $maxValue)
                $maxValue = $maxArr[$i + 1][$j + 1] - 
                            $mat[$i][$j];
 
            // set maxArr (i, j)
            $maxArr[$i][$j] = max($mat[$i][$j],
                              max($maxArr[$i][$j + 1],
                                  $maxArr[$i + 1][$j]));
        }
    }
 
    return $maxValue;
}
 
// Driver Code
$mat = array(array(1, 2, -1, -4, -20),
             array(-8, -3, 4, 2, 1),
             array(3, 8, 6, 1, 3),
             array(-4, -1, 1, 7, -6),
             array(0, -4, 10, -5, 1)
                    );
echo "Maximum Value is ". 
      findMaxValue($mat);
 
// This code is contributed 
// by ChitraNayal
?>






 

 
 










<script>
// An efficient method to find maximum value of mat1[d]
// - ma[a][b] such that c > a and d > b
     
    // The function returns maximum value A(c,d) - A(a,b)
    // over all choices of indexes such that both c > a
    // and d > b.
    function findMaxValue(N,mat)
    {
     
        // stores maximum value
        let maxValue = Number.MIN_VALUE;
       
        // maxArr[i][j] stores max of elements in matrix
        // from (i, j) to (N-1, N-1)
        let maxArr=new Array(N);
        for(let i = 0; i < N; i++)
        {
            maxArr[i]=new Array(N);
        }
         
        // last element of maxArr will be same's as of
        // the input matrix
        maxArr[N - 1][N - 1] = mat[N - 1][N - 1];
       
        // preprocess last row
        let maxv = mat[N-1][N-1];  // Initialize max
        for (let j = N - 2; j >= 0; j--)
        {
            if (mat[N - 1][j] > maxv)
                maxv = mat[N - 1][j];
            maxArr[N - 1][j] = maxv;
        }
       
        // preprocess last column
        maxv = mat[N - 1][N - 1];  // Initialize max
        for (let i = N - 2; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            if (mat[i][N - 1] > maxv)
                maxv = mat[i][N - 1];
            maxArr[i][N - 1] = maxv;
        }
       
        // preprocess rest of the matrix from bottom
        for (let i = N-2; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            for (let j = N-2; j >= 0; j--)
            {
             
                // Update maxValue
                if (maxArr[i+1][j+1] - mat[i][j] > maxValue)
                    maxValue = maxArr[i + 1][j + 1] - mat[i][j];
       
                // set maxArr (i, j)
                maxArr[i][j] = Math.max(mat[i][j],
                                   Math.max(maxArr[i][j + 1],
                                       maxArr[i + 1][j]) );
            }
        }
       
        return maxValue;
    }
     
    // Driver code
    let N = 5;
    let mat = [[ 1, 2, -1, -4, -20 ],
           [-8, -3, 4, 2, 1 ],
           [ 3, 8, 6, 1, 3 ],
           [ -4, -1, 1, 7, -6] ,
           [0, -4, 10, -5, 1 ]];
    document.write("Maximum Value is " +
                           findMaxValue(N,mat));
           
     
    // This code is contributed by avanitrachhadiya2155
</script>






Output: 
Maximum Value is 18
If we are allowed to modify of the matrix, we can avoid using extra space and use input matrix instead.Exercise: Print index (a, b) and (c, d) as well.This article is contributed by Aditya Goel. If you like GeeksforGeeks and would like to contribute, you can also write an article and mail your article to contribute@geeksforgeeks.org. See your article appearing on the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks.Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above 
nitin mittal
ukasp
iAyushRaj
rag2127
avanitrachhadiya2155

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