Selenium - Capture Screenshots

This functionality helps to grab screenshots at run time when required, in particularly when a failure happens. With the help of screenshots and log messages, we will be able to analyze the results better.
Screenshots are configured differently for local executions and Selenium Grid(remote) executions. Let us take a look at each one them with an example.
In the following example, we will take a screenshot after calculating the percentage. Ensure that you give a valid path to save the screenshot.
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

public class WebdriverDemo {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
      
      WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
      
      // Puts an Implicit wait, Will wait for 10 seconds before throwing exception
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
      
      // Launch website
      driver.navigate().to("http://www.calculator.net/");
      
      // Maximize the browser
      driver.manage().window().maximize();
      
      // Click on Math Calculators
      driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id = 'menu']/div[3]/a")).click();
      
      // Click on Percent Calculators
      driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id = 'menu']/div[4]/div[3]/a")).click();
      
      // Enter value 10 in the first number of the percent Calculator
      driver.findElement(By.id("cpar1")).sendKeys("10");
      
      // Enter value 50 in the second number of the percent Calculator
      driver.findElement(By.id("cpar2")).sendKeys("50");
      
      // Click Calculate Button 
      driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id = 'content']/table/tbody/tr/td[2]/input")).click();
      
      // Get the Result Text based on its xpath
      String result =
         driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id = 'content']/p[2]/span/font/b")).getText();
      
      File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
      
      FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot, new File("D:\\screenshots\\screenshots1.jpg"));
      
      // Print a Log In message to the screen
      System.out.println(" The Result is " + result);
      
      //Close the Browser.
      driver.close();
   }
}
Upon executing the script, the screenshot is saved in the 'D:\screenshots' folder with the name 'screenshots1.jpg' as shown below.
While working with Selenium Grids, we should ensure that we are taking the screenshots correctly from the remote system. We will use augmented driver.
We will execute the script on a Firefox node attached to a hub. For more on configuring hub and nodes, please refer the Selenium Grids chapter.
package TestNG;

import org.openqa.selenium.remote.Augmenter;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;
import org.openqa.selenium.*;

import org.testng.annotations.AfterTest;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
import org.testng.annotations.Parameters;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.io.File;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.io.IOException;

public class TestNGClass {
   public WebDriver driver;
   public String URL, Node;
   protected ThreadLocal<RemoteWebDriver> threadDriver = null;
   
   @Parameters("browser")
   @BeforeTest
   public void launchapp(String browser) throws MalformedURLException {
      String URL = "http://www.calculator.net";
      
      if (browser.equalsIgnoreCase("firefox")) {
         System.out.println(" Executing on FireFox");
         String Node = "http://10.112.66.52:5555/wd/hub";
         DesiredCapabilities cap = DesiredCapabilities.firefox();
         cap.setBrowserName("firefox");
         driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(Node), cap);
         
         // Puts an Implicit wait, Will wait for 10 seconds
         // before throwing exception
         driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
         
         // Launch website
         driver.navigate().to(URL);
         driver.manage().window().maximize();
      } else {
         throw new IllegalArgumentException("The Browser Type is Undefined");
      }
   }
   
   @Test
   public void calculatepercent() throws IOException {
      // Click on Math Calculators
      driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id = 'menu']/div[3]/a")).click();
      
      // Click on Percent Calculators
      driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id = 'menu']/div[4]/div[3]/a")).click();
      
      // Make use of augmented Driver to capture Screenshots.
      WebDriver augmentedDriver = new Augmenter().augment(driver);
      File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot)augmentedDriver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
      FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot, new File("D:\\screenshots\\remotescreenshot1.jpg"));

      // Screenshot would be saved on the system where the script is executed and NOT on remote machine.
      
      // Enter value 10 in the first number of the percent Calculator
      driver.findElement(By.id("cpar1")).sendKeys("10");
      
      // Enter value 50 in the second number of the percent Calculator
      driver.findElement(By.id("cpar2")).sendKeys("50");
      
      // Click Calculate Button
      driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id = 'content']/table/tbody/tr/td[2]/input")).click();
      
      // Get the Result Text based on its xpath
      String result = driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id = 'content']/p[2]/span/font/b")).getText();

      // Print a Log In message to the screen
      System.out.println(" The Result is " + result);
      
      
      if(result.equals("5")) {
         System.out.println(" The Result is Pass");
      } else {
         System.out.println(" The Result is Fail");
      }
   }
   
   @AfterTest
   public void closeBrowser() {
      driver.quit();
   }
}
Upon executing the script, the screenshot is captured and saved in the specified location as shown below.

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