C Library math.h functions - GeeksforGeeks

09 Feb, 2021
The math.h header defines various mathematical functions and one macro. All the functions available in this library take double as an argument and return double as the result. Let us discuss some important functions one by one.1. double ceil(double x): The C library function double ceil (double x) returns the smallest integer value greater than or equal to x.  
syntax : double ceil(double x)
 
C
// C code to illustrate// the use of ceil function.#include <stdio.h>#include <math.h> int main (){float val1, val2, val3, val4; val1 = 1.6;val2 = 1.2;val3 = -2.8;val4 = -2.3; printf ("value1 = %.1lf\n", ceil(val1));printf ("value2 = %.1lf\n", ceil(val2));printf ("value3 = %.1lf\n", ceil(val3));printf ("value4 = %.1lf\n", ceil(val4));     return(0);}
Output:  
value1 = 2.0
value2 = 2.0
value3 = -2.0
value4 = -2.0
2. double floor(double x): The C library function double floor(double x) returns the largest integer value less than or equal to x.  
syntax : double floor(double x)
 
C
// C code to illustrate// the use of floor function#include <stdio.h>#include <math.h> int main (){   float val1, val2, val3, val4;    val1 = 1.6;   val2 = 1.2;   val3 = -2.8;   val4 = -2.3;    printf("Value1 = %.1lf\n", floor(val1));   printf("Value2 = %.1lf\n", floor(val2));   printf("Value3 = %.1lf\n", floor(val3));   printf("Value4 = %.1lf\n", floor(val4));       return(0);}
Output:  
Value1 = 1.0
Value2 = 1.0
Value3 = -3.0
Value4 = -3.0
3. double fabs(double x): The C library function double fabs(double x) returns the absolute value of x.  
syntax : double fabs(double x)
 
C
// C code to illustrate// the use of fabs function#include <stdio.h>#include <math.h> int main (){   int a, b;   a = 1234;   b = -344;      printf("The absolute value of %d is %lf\n", a, fabs(a));   printf("The absolute value of %d is %lf\n", b, fabs(b));       return(0);}
Output:  
The absolute value of 1234 is 1234.000000
The absolute value of -344 is 344.000000
4. double log(double x): The C library function double log(double x) returns the natural logarithm (base-e logarithm) of x.  
syntax : double log(double x)
 
C
// C code to illustrate// the use of log function #include <stdio.h>#include <math.h> int main (){   double x, ret;   x = 2.7;    /* finding log(2.7) */   ret = log(x);   printf("log(%lf) = %lf", x, ret);       return(0);}
Output:  
log(2.700000) = 0.993252
5. double log10(double x): The C library function double log10(double x) returns the common logarithm (base-10 logarithm) of x.  
syntax : double log10(double x)
 
C
// C code to illustrate// the use of log10 function#include <stdio.h>#include <math.h> int main (){   double x, ret;   x = 10000;      /* finding value of log1010000 */   ret = log10(x);   printf("log10(%lf) = %lf\n", x, ret);       return(0);}
Output:  
log10(10000.000000) = 4.000000
6. double fmod(double x, double y) : The C library function double fmod(double x, double y) returns the remainder of x divided by y.  
syntax : double fmod(double x, double y) 
 
C
// C code to illustrate// the use of fmod function#include <stdio.h>#include <math.h> int main (){   float a, b;   int c;   a = 8.2;   b = 5.7;   c = 3;   printf("Remainder of %f / %d is %lf\n", a, c, fmod(a, c));   printf("Remainder of %f / %f is %lf\n", a, b, fmod(a, b));       return(0);}
Output:  
Remainder of 8.200000 / 3 is 2.200000
Remainder of 8.200000 / 5.700000 is 2.500000
7. double sqrt(double x): The C library function double sqrt(double x) returns the square root of x.  
syntax : double sqrt(double x)
 
C
// C code to illustrate// the use of sqrt function#include <stdio.h>#include <math.h> int main (){    printf("Square root of %lf is %lf\n", 225.0, sqrt(225.0) );   printf("Square root of %lf is %lf\n", 300.0, sqrt(300.0) );       return(0);}
Output:  
Square root of 225.000000 is 15.000000
Square root of 300.000000 is 17.320508
8. double pow(double x, double y): The C library function double pow(double x, double y) returns x raised to the power of y i.e. xy.  
syntax : double pow(double x, double y)
 
C
// C code to illustrate// the use of pow function#include <stdio.h>#include <math.h> int main (){   printf("Value 8.0 ^ 3 = %lf\n", pow(8.0, 3));    printf("Value 3.05 ^ 1.98 = %lf", pow(3.05, 1.98));       return(0);}
Output:  
Value 8.0 ^ 3 = 512.000000
Value 3.05 ^ 1.98 = 9.097324
9. double modf(double x, double *integer): The C library function double modf(double x, double *integer) returns the fraction component (part after the decimal), and sets integer to the integer component.
syntax : double modf(double x, double *integer)
 
C
// C code to illustrate// the use of modf function#include<stdio.h>#include<math.h> int main (){   double x, fractpart, intpart;    x = 8.123456;   fractpart = modf(x, &intpart);    printf("Integral part = %lf\n", intpart);   printf("Fraction Part = %lf \n", fractpart);       return(0);}
Output:  
Integral part = 8.000000
Fraction Part = 0.123456 
10. double exp(double x): The C library function double exp(double x) returns the value of e raised to the xth power.  
syntax : double exp(double x)
Following code represents  
C
// C code to illustrate// the use of exp function#include <stdio.h>#include <math.h> int main (){   double x = 0;      printf("The exponential value of %lf is %lf\n", x, exp(x));   printf("The exponential value of %lf is %lf\n", x+1, exp(x+1));   printf("The exponential value of %lf is %lf\n", x+2, exp(x+2));       return(0);}
Output:  
The exponential value of 0.000000 is 1.000000
The exponential value of 1.000000 is 2.718282
The exponential value of 2.000000 is 7.389056
11. double cos(double x) : The C library function double cos(double x) returns the cosine of a radian angle x.  
syntax : double cos(double x) 
Note : Same syntax can be used for other trigonometric functions like sin, tan etc.  
C
// C code to illustrate// the use of cos function#include <stdio.h>#include <math.h> #define PI 3.14159265 int main (){   double x, ret, val;    x = 60.0;   val = PI / 180.0;   ret = cos( x*val );   printf("The cosine of %lf is %lf degrees\n", x, ret);       x = 90.0;   val = PI / 180.0;   ret = cos( x*val );   printf("The cosine of %lf is %lf degrees\n", x, ret);       return(0);}
Output:  
The cosine of 60.000000 is 0.500000 degrees
The cosine of 90.000000 is 0.000000 degrees
12. double acos(double x) : The C library function double acos(double x) returns the arc cosine of x in radians.  
syntax : double acos(double x)
Note : Same syntax can be used for other arc trigonometric functions like asin, atan etc.  
C
// C code to illustrate// the use of acos function#include <stdio.h>#include <math.h> #define PI 3.14159265 int main (){   double x, ret, val;    x = 0.9;   val = 180.0 / PI;    ret = acos(x) * val;   printf("The arc cosine of %lf is %lf degrees", x, ret);       return(0);}
Output:  
The arc cosine of 0.900000 is 25.855040 degrees
13. double tanh(double x): The C library function double tanh(double x) returns the hyperbolic tangent of x.  
syntax : double tanh(double x) 
Note : Same syntax can be used for other hyperbolic trigonometric functions like sinh, cosh etc.  
C
// C code to illustrate// the use of tanh function#include <stdio.h>#include <math.h> int main (){   double x, ret;   x = 0.5;    ret = tanh(x);   printf("The hyperbolic tangent of %lf is %lf degrees", x, ret);       return(0);}
Output:  
The hyperbolic tangent of 0.500000 is 0.462117 degrees
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AshokJaiswal
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C Language
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