Binary Tree to Binary Search Tree Conversion in C++

A binary tree is a special type of tree in which each node of the tree can have at most two child nodes. These child nodes are known as the right child and left child.
A simple binary tree is −
Binary search tree (BST) is a special type of tree which follows the following rules −
left child node’s value is always less than the parent Note
left child node’s value is always less than the parent Note
The right child node has a greater value than the parent node.
The right child node has a greater value than the parent node.
all the nodes individually form a binary search tree.
all the nodes individually form a binary search tree.
Example of a binary search tree (BST) −
A binary search tree is created in order to reduce the complexity of operations like search, find minimum and maximum.
Here, we are given a binary tree and we have to convert this binary tree (BT) to a binary search tree (BST). In this conversion, the original structure of the binary tree should not be changed.
let's take an example to understand how to convert a BT into BST −
Input − 
Output −
This conversion of a binary tree to a binary search tree takes place using three steps. they are −
Step 1 − store data in order traversal of a binary tree into array arr[].
Step 2 − sort the array arr[] using any sorting technique.
Step 3 − Now, do the inorder traversal of the tree and e copy the elements of an array to the nodes of the tree one by one.
 Live Demo
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
struct node{
   int data;
   struct node *left;
   struct node *right;
};
void Inordertraversal(struct node* node, int inorder[], int *index_ptr){
   if (node == NULL)
      return;
   Inordertraversal(node->left, inorder, index_ptr);
   inorder[*index_ptr] = node->data;
   (*index_ptr)++;
   Inordertraversal(node->right, inorder, index_ptr);
}
int countNodes(struct node* root){
   if (root == NULL)
      return 0;
   return countNodes (root->left) +
   countNodes (root->right) + 1;
}
int compare (const void * a, const void * b){
   return( *(int*)a - *(int*)b );
}
void arrayToBST (int *arr, struct node* root, int *index_ptr){
   if (root == NULL)
      return;
   arrayToBST (arr, root->left, index_ptr);
   root->data = arr[*index_ptr];
   (*index_ptr)++;
   arrayToBST (arr, root->right, index_ptr);
}
struct node* newNode (int data){
   struct node *temp = new struct node;
   temp->data = data;
   temp->left = NULL;
   temp->right = NULL;
   return temp;
}
void printInorder (struct node* node){
   if (node == NULL)
      return;
   printInorder (node->left);
   printf("%d ", node->data);
   printInorder (node->right);
}
int main(){
   struct node *root = NULL;
   root = newNode(17);
   root->left = newNode(14);
   root->right = newNode(2);
   root->left->left = newNode(11);
   root->right->right = newNode(7);
   printf("Inorder Traversal of the binary Tree: \n");
   printInorder (root);
   int n = countNodes(root);
   int *arr = new int[n];
   int i = 0;
   Inordertraversal(root, arr, &i);
   qsort(arr, n, sizeof(arr[0]), compare);
   i = 0;
   arrayToBST (arr, root, &i);
   delete [] arr;
   printf("\nInorder Traversal of the converted BST: \n");
   printInorder (root);
   return 0;
}
Inorder Traversal of the binary Tree:
11 14 17 2 7
Inorder Traversal of the converted BST:
2 7 11 14 17