MATLAB - Logical Operations

MATLAB offers two types of logical operators and functions −
Element-wise − these operators operate on corresponding elements of logical arrays.
Element-wise − these operators operate on corresponding elements of logical arrays.
Short-circuit − these operators operate on scalar, logical expressions.
Short-circuit − these operators operate on scalar, logical expressions.
Element-wise logical operators operate element-by-element on logical arrays. The symbols &, |, and ~ are the logical array operators AND, OR, and NOT.
Short-circuit logical operators allow short-circuiting on logical operations. The symbols && and || are the logical short-circuit operators AND and OR.
Create a script file and type the following code −
a = 5;
b = 20;
   if ( a && b )
      disp('Line 1 - Condition is true');
   end
   if ( a || b )
      disp('Line 2 - Condition is true');
   end
   
   % lets change the value of  a and b 
   a = 0;
   b = 10;
   
   if ( a && b )
      disp('Line 3 - Condition is true');
   else
      disp('Line 3 - Condition is not true');
   end
   
   if (~(a && b))
   
      disp('Line 4 - Condition is true');
   end
When you run the file, it produces following result −
Line 1 - Condition is true
Line 2 - Condition is true
Line 3 - Condition is not true
Line 4 - Condition is true

Apart from the above-mentioned logical operators, MATLAB provides the following commands or functions used for the same purpose −
and(A, B)
Finds logical AND of array or scalar inputs; performs a logical AND of all input arrays A, B, etc. and returns an array containing elements set to either logical 1 (true) or logical 0 (false). An element of the output array is set to 1 if all input arrays contain a nonzero element at that same array location. Otherwise, that element is set to 0.
not(A)
Finds logical NOT of array or scalar input; performs a logical NOT of input array A and returns an array containing elements set to either logical 1 (true) or logical 0 (false). An element of the output array is set to 1 if the input array contains a zero value element at that same array location. Otherwise, that element is set to 0.
or(A, B)
Finds logical OR of array or scalar inputs; performs a logical OR of all input arrays A, B, etc. and returns an array containing elements set to either logical 1 (true) or logical 0 (false). An element of the output array is set to 1 if any input arrays contain a nonzero element at that same array location. Otherwise, that element is set to 0.
xor(A, B)
Logical exclusive-OR; performs an exclusive OR operation on the corresponding elements of arrays A and B. The resulting element C(i,j,...) is logical true (1) if A(i,j,...) or B(i,j,...), but not both, is nonzero.
all(A)
Determine if all array elements of array A are nonzero or true.
If A is a vector, all(A) returns logical 1 (true) if all the elements are nonzero and returns logical 0 (false) if one or more elements are zero.
If A is a vector, all(A) returns logical 1 (true) if all the elements are nonzero and returns logical 0 (false) if one or more elements are zero.
If A is a nonempty matrix, all(A) treats the columns of A as vectors, returning a row vector of logical 1's and 0's.
If A is a nonempty matrix, all(A) treats the columns of A as vectors, returning a row vector of logical 1's and 0's.
If A is an empty 0-by-0 matrix, all(A) returns logical 1 (true).
If A is an empty 0-by-0 matrix, all(A) returns logical 1 (true).
If A is a multidimensional array, all(A) acts along the first non-singleton dimension and returns an array of logical values. The size of this dimension reduces to 1 while the sizes of all other dimensions remain the same.
If A is a multidimensional array, all(A) acts along the first non-singleton dimension and returns an array of logical values. The size of this dimension reduces to 1 while the sizes of all other dimensions remain the same.
all(A, dim)
Tests along the dimension of A specified by scalar dim.
any(A)
Determine if any array elements are nonzero; tests whether any of the elements along various dimensions of an array is a nonzero number or is logical 1 (true). The any function ignores entries that are NaN (Not a Number).
If A is a vector, any(A) returns logical 1 (true) if any of the elements of A is a nonzero number or is logical 1 (true), and returns logical 0 (false) if all the elements are zero.
If A is a vector, any(A) returns logical 1 (true) if any of the elements of A is a nonzero number or is logical 1 (true), and returns logical 0 (false) if all the elements are zero.
If A is a nonempty matrix, any(A) treats the columns of A as vectors, returning a row vector of logical 1's and 0's.
If A is a nonempty matrix, any(A) treats the columns of A as vectors, returning a row vector of logical 1's and 0's.
If A is an empty 0-by-0 matrix, any(A) returns logical 0 (false).
If A is an empty 0-by-0 matrix, any(A) returns logical 0 (false).
If A is a multidimensional array, any(A) acts along the first non-singleton dimension and returns an array of logical values. The size of this dimension reduces to 1 while the sizes of all other dimensions remain the same.
If A is a multidimensional array, any(A) acts along the first non-singleton dimension and returns an array of logical values. The size of this dimension reduces to 1 while the sizes of all other dimensions remain the same.
any(A,dim)
Tests along the dimension of A specified by scalar dim.
false
Logical 0 (false)
false(n)
is an n-by-n matrix of logical zeros
false(m, n)
is an m-by-n matrix of logical zeros.
false(m, n, p, ...)
is an m-by-n-by-p-by-... array of logical zeros.
false(size(A))
is an array of logical zeros that is the same size as array A.
false(...,'like',p)
is an array of logical zeros of the same data type and sparsity as the logical array p.
ind  = find(X)
Find indices and values of nonzero elements; locates all nonzero elements of array X, and returns the linear indices of those elements in a vector. If X is a row vector, then the returned vector is a row vector; otherwise, it returns a column vector. If X contains no nonzero elements or is an empty array, then an empty array is returned.
ind = find(X, k)
ind = find(X, k, 'first')
Returns at most the first k indices corresponding to the nonzero entries of X. k must be a positive integer, but it can be of any numeric data type.
ind = find(X, k, 'last')
returns at most the last k indices corresponding to the nonzero entries of X.
[row,col] = find(X, ...)
Returns the row and column indices of the nonzero entries in the matrix X. This syntax is especially useful when working with sparse matrices. If X is an N-dimensional array with N > 2, col contains linear indices for the columns.
[row,col,v] = find(X, ...)
Returns a column or row vector v of the nonzero entries in X, as well as row and column indices. If X is a logical expression, then v is a logical array. Output v contains the non-zero elements of the logical array obtained by evaluating the expression X.
islogical(A)
Determine if input is logical array; returns true if A is a logical array and false otherwise. It also returns true if A is an instance of a class that is derived from the logical class.
logical(A)
Convert numeric values to logical; returns an array that can be used for logical indexing or logical tests.
true
Logical 1 (true)
true(n)
is an n-by-n matrix of logical ones.
true(m, n)
is an m-by-n matrix of logical ones.
true(m, n, p, ...)
is an m-by-n-by-p-by-... array of logical ones.
true(size(A))
is an array of logical ones that is the same size as array A.
true(...,'like', p)
is an array of logical ones of the same data type and sparsity as the logical array p.

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