Solidity - Arrays - GeeksforGeeks

11 May, 2022
Arrays are data structures that store the fixed collection of elements of the same data types in which each and every element has a specific location called index. Instead of creating numerous individual variables of the same type, we just declare one array of the required size and store the elements in the array and can be accessed using the index. In Solidity, an array can be of fixed size or dynamic size. Arrays have a continuous memory location, where the lowest index corresponds to the first element while the highest represents the last
To declare an array in Solidity, the data type of the elements and the number of elements should be specified. The size of the array must be a positive integer and data type should be a valid Solidity type
Syntax:
<data type> <array name>[size] = <initialization>

The size of the array should be predefined. The total number of elements should not exceed the size of the array. If the size of the array is not specified then the array of enough size is created which is enough to hold the initialization.
Example: In the below example, the contract Types are created to demonstrate how to declare and initialize fixed-size arrays.
Solidity
// Solidity program to demonstrate // creating a fixed-size array pragma solidity ^0.5.0;    // Creating a contract contract Types {        // Declaring state variables    // of type array    uint[6] data1;              // Defining function to add     // values to an array     function array_example() public returns (    int[5] memory, uint[6] memory){                      int[5] memory data         = [int(50), -63, 77, -28, 90];          data1         = [uint(10), 20, 30, 40, 50, 60];                    return (data, data1);    }  }
Output : 
The size of the array is not predefined when it is declared. As the elements are added the size of array changes and at the runtime, the size of the array will be determined.
Example: In the below example, the contract Types are created to demonstrate how to create and initialize dynamic arrays. 
Solidity
// Solidity program to demonstrate // creating a dynamic arraypragma solidity ^0.5.0;    // Creating a contract  contract Types {          // Declaring state variable     // of type array. One is fixed-size    // and the other is dynamic array    uint[] data       = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50];     int[] data1;          // Defining function to     // assign values to dynamic array    function dynamic_array() public returns(      uint[] memory, int[] memory){              data1           = [int(-60), 70, -80, 90, -100, -120, 140];         return (data, data1);      }  }
Output : 
1. Accessing Array Elements: The elements of the array are accessed by using the index. If you want to access ith element then you have to access (i-1)th index.
Example: In the below example, the contract Types first initializes an array[data] and then retrieves the value at specific index 2.
Solidity
// Solidity program to demonstrate// accessing elements of an arraypragma solidity ^0.5.0;     // Creating a contract contract Types {        // Declaring an array    uint[6] data;               // Defining function to     // assign values to array    function array_example(    ) public payable returns (uint[6] memory){                      data           = [uint(10), 20, 30, 40, 50, 60];        return data;    }       // Defining function to access  // values from the array  // from a specific index    function array_element(  ) public payable returns (uint){          uint x = data[2];        return x;    }  }
Output : 
2. Length of Array: Length of the array is used to check the number of elements present in an array. The size of the memory array is fixed when they are declared, while in case the dynamic array is defined at runtime so for manipulation length is required.
Example: In the below example, the contract Types first initializes an array[data] and then the length of the array is calculated.
Solidity
// Solidity program to demonstrate // how to find length of an arraypragma solidity ^0.5.0;    // Creating a contractcontract Types {        // Declaring an array    uint[6] data;                // Defining a function to     // assign values to an array    function array_example(    ) public payable returns (uint[6] memory){          data = [uint(10), 20, 30, 40, 50, 60];        return data;    }      // Defining a function to   // find the length of the array  function array_length(  ) public returns(uint) {          uint x = data.length;        return x;     }   }
Output : 
3. Push: Push is used when a new element is to be added in a dynamic array. The new element is always added at the last position of the array.
Example: In the below example, the contract Types first initializes an array[data], and then more values are pushed into the array.
Solidity
// Solidity program to demonstrate // Push operationpragma solidity ^0.5.0;     // Creating a contract contract Types {        // Defining the array    uint[] data = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50];         // Defining the function to push     // values to the array    function array_push(    ) public returns(uint[] memory){              data.push(60);          data.push(70);          data.push(80);            return data;      }  }
Output :  
4. Pop: Pop is used when the last element of the array is to be removed in any dynamic array.
Example: In the below example, the contract Types first initializes an array[data], and then values are removed from the array using the pop function.
Solidity
// Solidity program to demonstrate// Pop operationpragma solidity ^0.5.0;      // Creating a contractcontract Types {        // Defining an array    uint[] data       = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50];        // Defining a function to     // pop values from the array    function array_pop(    ) public returns(uint[] memory){          data.pop();         return data;      }  }
Output : 
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