Performing Database Operations in Java | SQL CREATE, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE and SELECT

16 Jun, 2022
This article is going to help you in learning how to do basic database operations using JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) API. These basic operations are INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE and DELETE statements in SQL language. Although the target database system is Oracle Database, but the same techniques can be applied to other database systems as well because of the query syntax used is standard SQL is generally supported by all relational database systems.Prerequisites : 
JDK
Oracle Database (Download Oracle Database Express Edition 11g release 2)
JDBC driver for Oracle Database (Download Oracle Database 11g release 2 JDBC drivers).You need to add ojdbc6.jar to project library.
You need to go through this article  before continuing for better understanding.Creating a user in Oracle Database and granting required permissions : 
Open oracle using cmd. For that type sqlplus in cmd and press Enter.
Create a user-id protected by a password. This user-id is called child user. 
create user  identified by ;
Grant required permissions to child user. For simplicity we grant database administrator privilege to child user. 
conn / as sysdba;
grant dba to ;
Create a sample table with blank fields : 
CREATE TABLE userid(
    id varchar2(30) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
    pwd varchar2(30) NOT NULL,
    fullname varchar2(50),
    email varchar2(50)
);
 
Principal JDBC interfaces and classes
Let’s take an overview look at the JDBC’s main interfaces and classes which we’ll use in this article. They are all available under the java.sql package:  
Class.forName() : Here we load the driver’s class file into memory at the runtime. No need of using new or creation of object. 
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
DriverManager: This class is used to register driver for a specific database type (e.g. Oracle Database in this tutorial) and to establish a database connection with the server via its getConnection() method.
Connection: This interface represents an established database connection (session) from which we can create statements to execute queries and retrieve results, get metadata about the database, close connection, etc. 
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection
("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl", "login1", "pwd1");
Statement and PreparedStatement: These interfaces are used to execute static SQL query and parameterized SQL query, respectively. Statement is the super interface of the PreparedStatement interface. Their commonly used methods are:boolean execute(String sql): executes a general SQL statement. It returns true if the query returns a ResultSet, false if the query returns an update count or returns nothing. This method can be used with a Statement only.int executeUpdate(String sql): executes an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement and returns an update account indicating number of rows affected (e.g. 1 row inserted, or 2 rows updated, or 0 rows affected). 
boolean execute(String sql): executes a general SQL statement. It returns true if the query returns a ResultSet, false if the query returns an update count or returns nothing. This method can be used with a Statement only.int executeUpdate(String sql): executes an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement and returns an update account indicating number of rows affected (e.g. 1 row inserted, or 2 rows updated, or 0 rows affected). 
boolean execute(String sql): executes a general SQL statement. It returns true if the query returns a ResultSet, false if the query returns an update count or returns nothing. This method can be used with a Statement only.
int executeUpdate(String sql): executes an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement and returns an update account indicating number of rows affected (e.g. 1 row inserted, or 2 rows updated, or 0 rows affected). 
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
      String q1 = "insert into userid values
      ('" +id+ "', '" +pwd+ "', '" +fullname+ "', '" +email+ "')";
      int x = stmt.executeUpdate(q1);
ResultSet executeQuery(String sql): executes a SELECT statement and returns a ResultSet object which contains results returned by the query. 
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
      String q1 = "select * from userid WHERE id = '" + id + "' 
      AND pwd = '" + pwd + "'";
      ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(q1);
ResultSet: contains table data returned by a SELECT query. Use this object to iterate over rows in the result set using next() method.
SQLException: this checked exception is declared to be thrown by all the above methods, so we have to catch this exception explicitly when calling the above classes’ methods.
Connecting to the Database
The Oracle Database server listens on the default port 1521 at localhost. The following code snippet connects to the database name userid by the user login1 and password pwd1.
Java
// Java program to illustrate// Connecting to the Databaseimport java.sql.*; public class connect{    public static void main(String args[])    {        try        {            Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");                         // Establishing Connection            Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(             "jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl", "login1", "pwd1");             if (con != null)                            System.out.println("Connected");                       else                           System.out.println("Not Connected");                         con.close();        }        catch(Exception e)        {            System.out.println(e);        }    }}
Output :
Connected
Note: Here oracle in database URL in getConnection() method specifies SID of Oracle Database. For Oracle database 11g it is orcl and for oracle database 10g it is xe. 
Implementing Insert Statement
Java
// Java program to illustrate// inserting to the Databaseimport java.sql.*; public class insert1{    public static void main(String args[])    {        String id = "id1";        String pwd = "pwd1";        String fullname = "geeks for geeks";        String email = "geeks@geeks.org";                 try        {            Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");            Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("             jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl", "login1", "pwd1");            Statement stmt = con.createStatement();                         // Inserting data in database            String q1 = "insert into userid values('" +id+ "', '" +pwd+                                  "', '" +fullname+ "', '" +email+ "')";            int x = stmt.executeUpdate(q1);            if (x > 0)                           System.out.println("Successfully Inserted");                       else                           System.out.println("Insert Failed");                         con.close();        }        catch(Exception e)        {            System.out.println(e);        }    }}
Output :
Successfully Registered
Implementing Update Statement
Java
// Java program to illustrate// updating the Databaseimport java.sql.*; public class update1{    public static void main(String args[])    {        String id = "id1";        String pwd = "pwd1";        String newPwd = "newpwd";        try        {            Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");            Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("             jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl", "login1", "pwd1");            Statement stmt = con.createStatement();                     // Updating database            String q1 = "UPDATE userid set pwd = '" + newPwd +                    "' WHERE id = '" +id+ "' AND pwd = '" + pwd + "'";            int x = stmt.executeUpdate(q1);                         if (x > 0)                           System.out.println("Password Successfully Updated");                       else                           System.out.println("ERROR OCCURRED :(");                         con.close();        }        catch(Exception e)        {            System.out.println(e);        }    }}
Output :
Password Successfully Updated
Implementing Delete Statement
Java
// Java program to illustrate// deleting from Databaseimport java.sql.*; public class delete{    public static void main(String args[])    {        String id = "id2";        String pwd = "pwd2";        try        {            Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");            Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("             jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl", "login1", "pwd1");            Statement stmt = con.createStatement();                              // Deleting from database            String q1 = "DELETE from userid WHERE id = '" + id +                    "' AND pwd = '" + pwd + "'";                                 int x = stmt.executeUpdate(q1);                         if (x > 0)                           System.out.println("One User Successfully Deleted");                       else                System.out.println("ERROR OCCURRED :(");                        con.close();        }        catch(Exception e)        {            System.out.println(e);        }    }}
Output :
One User Successfully Deleted
Implementing Select Statement
Java
// Java program to illustrate// selecting from Databaseimport java.sql.*; public class select{    public static void main(String args[])    {        String id = "id1";        String pwd = "pwd1";        try        {            Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");            Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("                    jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl", "login1", "pwd1");            Statement stmt = con.createStatement();                         // SELECT query            String q1 = "select * from userid WHERE id = '" + id +                                    "' AND pwd = '" + pwd + "'";            ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(q1);            if (rs.next())            {                System.out.println("User-Id : " + rs.getString(1));                System.out.println("Full Name :" + rs.getString(3));                System.out.println("E-mail :" + rs.getString(4));            }            else            {                System.out.println("No such user id is already registered");            }            con.close();        }        catch(Exception e)        {            System.out.println(e);        }    }}
Output :
User-Id : id1
Full Name : geeks for geeks
E-mail :geeks@geeks.org
Note : Here the column index here is 1-based, the first column will be at index 1, the second at index 2, and so on. For other data types, the ResultSet provide appropriate getter methods:
getString()
getInt()
getFloat()
getDate()
getTimestamp()
.....
This article is contributed by Sangeet Anand. If you like GeeksforGeeks and would like to contribute, you can also write an article using write.geeksforgeeks.org or mail your article to review-team@geeksforgeeks.org. See your article appearing on the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks.Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above.
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