Difference between SOP and POS in Digital Logic

03 Jun, 2021
In digital logic, the inputs and output of a function are in the form of binary numbers (boolean values) i.e., the values are either zero (0) or one (1). Therefore, digital logic is also known as ‘Boolean logic’. These inputs and output can be termed as ‘Boolean Variables’. The output boolean variable of a digital signal can be expressed in terms of input boolean variables which forms the ‘Boolean Expression’. 
Representation of Boolean expression can be primarily done in two ways. They are as follows: 
Sum of Products (SOP) form Product of Sums (POS) form  
Sum of Products (SOP) form 
Product of Sums (POS) form  
Note: If the number of input variables are n, then the total number of combinations in Boolean algebra is 2n. 
If the input variable (let A) value is :  
Zero (0) – a is LOW -It should be represented as A’ (Complement of A) 
One (1) – a is HIGH -It should be represented as A  
In boolean logic,  
AND is represented as '.'
A AND B is written as 'A.B'

OR is represented as '+'
A OR B is written as 'A+B' 
For example, Considering number of input variables =3, Say A, B and C. Total number of combinations are: 23=8. 
 
Sum of Products (SOP): It is one of the ways of writing a boolean expression. As the name suggests, it is formed by adding (OR operation) the product terms. These product terms are also called as ‘min-terms’. Min-terms are represented with ‘m’, they are the product(AND operation) of boolean variables either in normal form or complemented form. 
Therefore, SOP is sum of minterms and is represented as: F in SOP = m(0, 3) Here, F is sum of minterm0 and minterm3. 
For Example: 
A=0, B=0, C=0   Minterm is A'.B'.C'
A=1, B=0, C=1   Minterm is A.B'.C  
Consider a function X, whose truth table is as follows: 
 
The function X can be written in SOP form by adding all the min-terms when X is HIGH(1). While writing SOP, the following convention is to be followed:  
If variable A is Low(0) - A'
            A is High(1) - A
X (SOP) = m(1, 3, 6) = A’.B’.C + A’.B.C + A.B.C’ 
Product of Sums (POS): As the name suggests, it is formed by multiplying(AND operation) the sum terms. These sum terms are also called as ‘max-terms’. Max-terms are represented with ‘M’, they are the sum (OR operation) of Boolean variables either in normal form or complemented form. 
Therefore, POS is product of maxterms and is represented as: F in POS = M(1, 2) Here, F is product of maxterm1 and maxterm2. 
For Example:  
A=0, B=1, C=0   Maxterm is A+B'+C
A=1, B=1, C=1   Maxterm is A'+B'+C'  
Consider a function X, whose truth table is as follows: 
The function X can be written in POS form by multiplying all the max-terms when X is LOW(0). While writing POS, the following convention is to be followed: 
If variable A is Low(0) - A
            A is High(1) - A'

X (POS) = M(0, 2, 4, 5, 7)  

        = (A+B+C).(A+B'+C).(A'+B+C).(A'+B+C').(A'+B'+C') 
Difference between SOP and POS :  
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