pwd module in Python

02 Aug, 2019
pwd module in Python provides access to the Unix user account and password database. Each entry stored in Unix user account and password database is reported as a tuple-like object whose attributes are similar as the members of passwd structure defined in <pwd.h> header file.
Following are the attributes of the tuple-like object which represents the entries stored in Unix user account and password database:
Note: pwd module is a UNIX specific service. So, all method of this module is available on UNIX versions only.
pwd module defines following three methods:
pwd.getpwuid() method
pwd.getpwnam() method
pwd.getpwall() method
pwd.getpwnam() method in Python is used to get the password database entry for the specified user id.
Syntax: pwd.getpwuid(uid)
Parameter:uid: A numeric value representing the user id for which password database entry is required.
Return type: This method returns a tuple-like object of class ‘pwd.struct_passwd’ which represents the password database entry for the specified user id.
Code: Use of pwd.getpwuid() method
# Python program to explain pwd.getpwuid() method    # importing pwd module import pwd  # User iduid = 1000  # Get the password # database entry for the# specified user id# using pwd.getpwuid() methodentry = pwd.getpwuid(uid)  # Print the retrieved entryprint("Password database entry for user id : % d:" % uid)print(entry)  # User iduid = 0  # Get the password # database entry for the# specified user id# using pwd.getpwuid() methodentry = pwd.getpwuid(uid)  # Print the retrieved entryprint("Password database entry for user id : % d:" % uid)print(entry)
Password database entry for user id : 1000
pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name='ihritik', pw_passwd='x', pw_uid=1000, pw_gid=1000,
pw_gecos='Hritik,,, ', pw_dir='/home/ihritik', pw_shell='/bin/bash')

Password database entry for user id : 0
pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name='root', pw_passwd='x', pw_uid=0, pw_gid=0, pw_gecos='root',
pw_dir='/root', pw_shell='/bin/bash')

pwd.getpwnam() method in Python is used to get the password database entry for the specified user name
Syntax: pwd.getpwnam(name)
Parameter:name: A string value representing the user name for which password database entry is required.
Return type: This method returns a tuple-like object of class ‘pwd.struct_passwd’ which represents the password database entry for the specified name.
Code: Use of pwd.getpwnam() method
# Python program to explain pwd.getpwnam() method    # importing pwd module import pwd  # User namename = "ihritik"  # Get the password # database entry for the# specified username# using pwd.getpwnam() methodentry = pwd.getpwnam(name)  # Print the retrieved entryprint("Password database entry for '% s':" % name)print(entry)    # User namename = "root"  # Get the password # database entry for the# specified username# using pwd.getpwnam() methodentry = pwd.getpwnam(name)  # Print the retrieved entryprint("\nPassword database entry for '% s':" % name)print(entry)
Password database entry for 'ihritik':
pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name='ihritik', pw_passwd='x', pw_uid=1000, pw_gid=1000,
pw_gecos='Hritik,,, ', pw_dir='/home/ihritik', pw_shell='/bin/bash')

Password database entry for 'root':
pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name='root', pw_passwd='x', pw_uid=0, pw_gid=0, pw_gecos='root',
pw_dir='/root', pw_shell='/bin/bash')

pwd.getpwall() method in Python is used to get the list of all available entries stored in password database.
Syntax: pwd.getpwall()
Parameter: No parameter is required.
Return type: This method returns a list of tuple-like object of class ‘pwd.struct_passwd’ whose elements represent all available entries stored in password database.
Code: Use of pwd.getpwall() method
# Python program to explain pwd.getpwall() method    # importing pwd module import pwd  # Get the list # of all available password# database entries using# pwd.getpwall() methodentries = pwd.getpwall()      # Print the list print("Password database entries:")for row in entries:    print(row)
Password database entries:pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’root’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=0, pw_gid=0, pw_gecos=’root’, pw_dir=’/root’, pw_shell=’/bin/bash’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’daemon’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=1, pw_gid=1, pw_gecos=’daemon’, pw_dir=’/usr/sbin’, pw_shell=’/usr/sbin/nologin’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’bin’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=2, pw_gid=2, pw_gecos=’bin’, pw_dir=’/bin’, pw_shell=’/usr/sbin/nologin’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’sys’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=3, pw_gid=3, pw_gecos=’sys’, pw_dir=’/dev’, pw_shell=’/usr/sbin/nologin’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’sync’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=4, pw_gid=65534, pw_gecos=’sync’, pw_dir=’/bin’, pw_shell=’/bin/sync’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’games’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=5, pw_gid=60, pw_gecos=’games’, pw_dir=’/usr/games’, pw_shell=’/usr/sbin/nologin’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’man’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=6, pw_gid=12, pw_gecos=’man’, pw_dir=’/var/cache/man’, pw_shell=’/usr/sbin/nologin’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’lp’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=7, pw_gid=7, pw_gecos=’lp’, pw_dir=’/var/spool/lpd’, pw_shell=’/usr/sbin/nologin’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’mail’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=8, pw_gid=8, pw_gecos=’mail’, pw_dir=’/var/mail’, pw_shell=’/usr/sbin/nologin’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’news’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=9, pw_gid=9, pw_gecos=’news’, pw_dir=’/var/spool/news’, pw_shell=’/usr/sbin/nologin’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’uucp’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=10, pw_gid=10, pw_gecos=’uucp’, pw_dir=’/var/spool/uucp’, pw_shell=’/usr/sbin/nologin’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’proxy’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=13, pw_gid=13, pw_gecos=’proxy’, pw_dir=’/bin’, pw_shell=’/usr/sbin/nologin’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’www-data’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=33, pw_gid=33, pw_gecos=’www-data’, pw_dir=’/var/www’, pw_shell=’/usr/sbin/nologin’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’backup’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=34, pw_gid=34, pw_gecos=’backup’, pw_dir=’/var/backups’, pw_shell=’/usr/sbin/nologin’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’list’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=38, pw_gid=38, pw_gecos=’Mailing List Manager’, pw_dir=’/var/list’, pw_shell=’/usr/sbin/nologin’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’irc’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=39, pw_gid=39, pw_gecos=’ircd’, pw_dir=’/var/run/ircd’, pw_shell=’/usr/sbin/nologin’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’gnats’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=41, pw_gid=41, pw_gecos=’Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin)’, pw_dir=’/var/lib/gnats’, pw_shell=’/usr/sbin/nologin’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’nobody’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=65534, pw_gid=65534, pw_gecos=’nobody’, pw_dir=’/nonexistent’, pw_shell=’/usr/sbin/nologin’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’systemd-timesync’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=100, pw_gid=102, pw_gecos=’systemd Time Synchronization,,, ‘, pw_dir=’/run/systemd’, pw_shell=’/bin/false’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’systemd-network’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=101, pw_gid=103, pw_gecos=’systemd Network Management,,, ‘, pw_dir=’/run/systemd/netif’, pw_shell=’/bin/false’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’systemd-resolve’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=102, pw_gid=104, pw_gecos=’systemd Resolver,,, ‘, pw_dir=’/run/systemd/resolve’, pw_shell=’/bin/false’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’systemd-bus-proxy’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=103, pw_gid=105, pw_gecos=’systemd Bus Proxy,,, ‘, pw_dir=’/run/systemd’, pw_shell=’/bin/false’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’syslog’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=104, pw_gid=108, pw_gecos=”, pw_dir=’/home/syslog’, pw_shell=’/bin/false’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’messagebus’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=105, pw_gid=109, pw_gecos=”, pw_dir=’/var/run/dbus’, pw_shell=’/bin/false’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’_apt’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=106, pw_gid=65534, pw_gecos=”, pw_dir=’/nonexistent’, pw_shell=’/bin/false’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’uuidd’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=107, pw_gid=113, pw_gecos=”, pw_dir=’/run/uuidd’, pw_shell=’/bin/false’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’rtkit’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=108, pw_gid=114, pw_gecos=’RealtimeKit,,, ‘, pw_dir=’/proc’, pw_shell=’/bin/false’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’avahi-autoipd’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=109, pw_gid=115, pw_gecos=’Avahi autoip daemon,,, ‘, pw_dir=’/var/lib/avahi-autoipd’, pw_shell=’/bin/false’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’usbmux’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=110, pw_gid=46, pw_gecos=’usbmux daemon,,, ‘, pw_dir=’/var/lib/usbmux’, pw_shell=’/bin/false’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’dnsmasq’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=111, pw_gid=65534, pw_gecos=’dnsmasq,,, ‘, pw_dir=’/var/lib/misc’, pw_shell=’/bin/false’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’whoopsie’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=112, pw_gid=119, pw_gecos=”, pw_dir=’/nonexistent’, pw_shell=’/bin/false’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’kernoops’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=113, pw_gid=65534, pw_gecos=’Kernel Oops Tracking Daemon,,, ‘, pw_dir=’/’, pw_shell=’/bin/false’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’speech-dispatcher’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=114, pw_gid=29, pw_gecos=’Speech Dispatcher,,, ‘, pw_dir=’/var/run/speech-dispatcher’, pw_shell=’/bin/false’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’avahi’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=115, pw_gid=120, pw_gecos=’Avahi mDNS daemon,,, ‘, pw_dir=’/var/run/avahi-daemon’, pw_shell=’/bin/false’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’saned’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=116, pw_gid=122, pw_gecos=”, pw_dir=’/var/lib/saned’, pw_shell=’/bin/false’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’pulse’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=117, pw_gid=123, pw_gecos=’PulseAudio daemon,,, ‘, pw_dir=’/var/run/pulse’, pw_shell=’/bin/false’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’colord’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=118, pw_gid=125, pw_gecos=’colord colour management daemon,,, ‘, pw_dir=’/var/lib/colord’, pw_shell=’/bin/false’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’hplip’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=119, pw_gid=7, pw_gecos=’HPLIP system user,,, ‘, pw_dir=’/var/run/hplip’, pw_shell=’/bin/false’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’geoclue’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=120, pw_gid=126, pw_gecos=”, pw_dir=’/var/lib/geoclue’, pw_shell=’/bin/false’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’gdm’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=121, pw_gid=127, pw_gecos=’Gnome Display Manager’, pw_dir=’/var/lib/gdm3′, pw_shell=’/bin/false’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’ihritik’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=1000, pw_gid=1000, pw_gecos=’Hritik,,, ‘, pw_dir=’/home/ihritik’, pw_shell=’/bin/bash’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’sshd’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=122, pw_gid=65534, pw_gecos=”, pw_dir=’/run/sshd’, pw_shell=’/usr/sbin/nologin’)pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name=’master’, pw_passwd=’x’, pw_uid=1001, pw_gid=1002, pw_gecos=’,,, ‘, pw_dir=’/home/master’, pw_shell=’/bin/bash’)
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