Random Numbers in Python

25 Jan, 2022
Python defines a set of functions that are used to generate or manipulate random numbers through the random module. Functions in the random module rely on a pseudo-random number generator function random(), which generates a random float number between 0.0 and 1.0. These particular type of functions is used in a lot of games, lotteries, or any application requiring a random number generation.
1. choice() :- choice() is an inbuilt function in the Python programming language that returns a random item from a list, tuple, or string.
Example:
Python3
# Python3 program to demonstrate the use of# choice() method # import randomimport random # prints a random value from the listlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]print(random.choice(list1)) # prints a random item from the stringstring = "striver"print(random.choice(string))
Output:
5
t
2. randrange(beg, end, step):- The random module offers a function that can generate random numbers from a specified range and also allowing rooms for steps to be included, called randrange().
Example:
Python3
# Python code to demonstrate the working of# choice() and randrange() # importing "random" for random operationsimport random # using choice() to generate a random number from a# given list of numbers.print("A random number from list is : ", end="")print(random.choice([1, 4, 8, 10, 3])) # using randrange() to generate in range from 20# to 50. The last parameter 3 is step size to skip# three numbers when selecting.print("A random number from range is : ", end="")print(random.randrange(20, 50, 3))
Output: 
A random number from list is : 4
A random number from range is : 41
3. random():- This method is used to generate a float random number less than 1 and greater or equal to 0.
4. seed():- Seed function is used to save the state of a random function so that it can generate some random numbers on multiple executions of the code on the same machine or on different machines (for a specific seed value). The seed value is the previous value number generated by the generator. For the first time when there is no previous value, it uses current system time.
Example:
Python3
# Python code to demonstrate the working of# random() and seed() # importing "random" for random operationsimport random # using random() to generate a random number# between 0 and 1print("A random number between 0 and 1 is : ", end="")print(random.random()) # using seed() to seed a random numberrandom.seed(5) # printing mapped random numberprint("The mapped random number with 5 is : ", end="")print(random.random()) # using seed() to seed different random numberrandom.seed(7) # printing mapped random numberprint("The mapped random number with 7 is : ", end="")print(random.random()) # using seed() to seed to 5 againrandom.seed(5) # printing mapped random numberprint("The mapped random number with 5 is : ", end="")print(random.random()) # using seed() to seed to 7 againrandom.seed(7) # printing mapped random numberprint("The mapped random number with 7 is : ", end="")print(random.random())
Output: 
A random number between 0 and 1 is : 0.510721762520941
The mapped random number with 5 is : 0.6229016948897019
The mapped random number with 7 is : 0.32383276483316237
The mapped random number with 5 is : 0.6229016948897019
The mapped random number with 7 is : 0.32383276483316237
5. shuffle():- It is used to shuffle a sequence (list). Shuffling means changing the position of the elements of the sequence. Here, the shuffling operation is in place.
Example:
Python3
# import the random moduleimport random  # declare a listsample_list = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E'] print("Original list : ")print(sample_list) # first shufflerandom.shuffle(sample_list)print("\nAfter the first shuffle : ")print(sample_list) # second shufflerandom.shuffle(sample_list)print("\nAfter the second shuffle : ")print(sample_list)
Output:
Original list : 
['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E']

After the first shuffle : 
['A', 'B', 'E', 'C', 'D']

After the second shuffle : 
['C', 'E', 'B', 'D', 'A']
6. uniform(a, b):- This function is used to generate a floating point random number between the numbers mentioned in its arguments. It takes two arguments, lower limit(included in generation) and upper limit(not included in generation). 
Python3
# Python code to demonstrate the working of# shuffle() and uniform() # importing "random" for random operationsimport random # Initializing listli = [1, 4, 5, 10, 2] # Printing list before shufflingprint("The list before shuffling is : ", end="")for i in range(0, len(li)):    print(li[i], end=" ")print("\r") # using shuffle() to shuffle the listrandom.shuffle(li) # Printing list after shufflingprint("The list after shuffling is : ", end="")for i in range(0, len(li)):    print(li[i], end=" ")print("\r") # using uniform() to generate random floating number in range# prints number between 5 and 10print("The random floating point number between 5 and 10 is : ", end="")print(random.uniform(5, 10))
Output: 
The list before shuffling is : 1 4 5 10 2 
The list after shuffling is : 2 1 4 5 10 
The random floating point number between 5 and 10 is : 5.183697823553464
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