mysqlbinlog - Unix, Linux Command

The server's binary log consists of files containing
\(lqevents\(rq
that describe modifications to database contents. The server writes these files in binary format. To display their contents in text format, use the
mysqlbinlog
utility. You can also use
mysqlbinlog
to display the contents of relay log files written by a slave server in a replication setup because relay logs have the same format as binary logs. The binary log and relay log are discussed further in
Section 5.2.4, \(lqThe Binary Log\(rq, and
Section 16.2.2, \(lqReplication Relay and Status Files\(rq.


Invoke
mysqlbinlog
like this:





shell> mysqlbinlog [options] log_file ...


For example, to display the contents of the binary log file named
binlog.000003, use this command:





shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.0000003


The output includes events contained in
binlog.000003. For statement-based logging, event information includes the SQL statement, the ID of the server on which it was executed, the timestamp when the statement was executed, how much time it took, and so forth. For row-based logging, the event indicates a row change rather than an SQL statement. See
Section 16.1.2, \(lqReplication Formats\(rq, for information about logging modes.


Events are preceded by header comments that provide additional information. For example:





# at 141
#100309  9:28:36 server id 123  end_log_pos 245
  Query thread_id=3350  exec_time=11  error_code=0


In the first line, the number following
at
indicates the starting position of the event in the binary log file.


The second line starts with a date and time indicating when the statement started on the server where the event originated. For replication, this timestamp is propagated to slave servers.
server id
is the
server_id
value of the server where the event originated.
end_log_pos
indicates where the next event starts (that is, it is the end position of the current event + 1).
thread_id
indicates which thread executed the event.
exec_time
is the time spent executing the event, on a master server. On a slave, it is the difference of the end execution time on the slave minus the beginning execution time on the master. The difference serves as an indicator of how much replication lags behind the master.
error_code
indicates the result from executing the event. Zero means that no error occurred.


The output from
mysqlbinlog
can be re-executed (for example, by using it as input to
mysql) to redo the statements in the log. This is useful for recovery operations after a server crash. For other usage examples, see the discussion later in this section and in
Section 6.5, \(lqPoint-in-Time (Incremental) Recovery Using the Binary Log\(rq.


Normally, you use
mysqlbinlog
to read binary log files directly and apply them to the local MySQL server. It is also possible to read binary logs from a remote server by using the
--read-from-remote-server
option. To read remote binary logs, the connection parameter options can be given to indicate how to connect to the server. These options are
--host,
--password,
--port,
--protocol,
--socket, and
--user; they are ignored except when you also use the
--read-from-remote-server
option.


mysqlbinlog
supports the following options, which can be specified on the command line or in the
[mysqlbinlog]
and
[client]
option file groups.
mysqlbinlog
also supports the options for processing option files described at
Section 4.2.3.3.1, \(lqCommand-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling\(rq.



o





Display a help message and exit.



o





This option determines when events should be displayed encoded as base-64 strings using
BINLOG
statements. The option has these permissible values (not case sensitive):








Note

Automatic
BINLOG
display is the only safe behavior if you intend to use the output of
mysqlbinlog
to re-execute binary log file contents. The other option values are intended only for debugging or testing purposes because they may produce output that does not include all events in executable form.
















For examples that show the effect of
--base64-output
and
--verbose
on row event output, see
the section called \(lqMYSQLBINLOG ROW EVENT DISPLAY\(rq.






On a computer having multiple network interfaces, this option can be used to select which interface is employed when connecting to the MySQL server.


This option is supported only in the version of
mysqlbinlog
that is supplied with MySQL Cluster, beginning with MySQL Cluster NDB 6.3.4. It is not available in standard MySQL 5.1 releases.






The directory where character sets are installed. See
Section 9.5, \(lqCharacter Set Configuration\(rq.






This option causes
mysqlbinlog
to output entries from the binary log (local log only) that occur while
db_name
is been selected as the default database by
USE.


The
--database
option for
mysqlbinlog
is similar to the
--binlog-do-db
option for
mysqld, but can be used to specify only one database. If
--database
is given multiple times, only the last instance is used.


The effects of this option depend on whether the statement-based or row-based logging format is in use, in the same way that the effects of
--binlog-do-db
depend on whether statement-based or row-based logging is in use.



o
















INSERT INTO test.t1 (i) VALUES(100);
INSERT INTO db2.t2 (j)  VALUES(200);
USE test;
INSERT INTO test.t1 (i) VALUES(101);
INSERT INTO t1 (i)      VALUES(102);
INSERT INTO db2.t2 (j)  VALUES(201);
USE db2;
INSERT INTO test.t1 (i) VALUES(103);
INSERT INTO db2.t2 (j)  VALUES(202);
INSERT INTO t2 (j)      VALUES(203);


mysqlbinlog --database=test
does not output the first two
INSERT
statements because there is no default database. It outputs the three
INSERT
statements following
USE test, but not the three
INSERT
statements following
USE db2.


mysqlbinlog --database=db2
does not output the first two
INSERT
statements because there is no default database. It does not output the three
INSERT
statements following
USE test, but does output the three
INSERT
statements following
USE db2.











Write a debugging log. A typical
debug_options
string is
'd:t:o,file_name'. The default is
'd:t:o,/tmp/mysqlbinlog.trace'.






Print some debugging information when the program exits. This option was added in MySQL 5.1.21.






Print debugging information and memory and CPU usage statistics when the program exits. This option was added in MySQL 5.1.21.






Disable binary logging. This is useful for avoiding an endless loop if you use the
--to-last-log
option and are sending the output to the same MySQL server. This option also is useful when restoring after a crash to avoid duplication of the statements you have logged.


This option requires that you have the
SUPER
privilege. It causes
mysqlbinlog
to include a
SET sql_log_bin = 0
statement in its output to disable binary logging of the remaining output. The
SET
statement is ineffective unless you have the
SUPER
privilege.






With this option, if
mysqlbinlog
reads a binary log event that it does not recognize, it prints a warning, ignores the event, and continues. Without this option,
mysqlbinlog
stops if it reads such an event.






Display a hex dump of the log in comments, as described in
the section called \(lqMYSQLBINLOG HEX DUMP FORMAT\(rq. The hex output can be helpful for replication debugging. This option was added in MySQL 5.1.2.






Get the binary log from the MySQL server on the given host.






Prepare local temporary files for
LOAD DATA INFILE
in the specified directory.





Important

These temporary files are not automatically removed by
mysqlbinlog
or any other MySQL program.








Skip the first
N
entries in the log.






The password to use when connecting to the server. If you use the short option form (-p), you
cannot
have a space between the option and the password. If you omit the
password
value following the
--password
or
-p
option on the command line,
mysqlbinlog
prompts for one.


Specifying a password on the command line should be considered insecure. See
Section 5.3.2.2, \(lqEnd-User Guidelines for Password Security\(rq. You can use an option file to avoid giving the password on the command line.






The TCP/IP port number to use for connecting to a remote server.






Deprecated. Use
--start-position
instead.
--position
is removed in MySQL 5.5.






The connection protocol to use for connecting to the server. It is useful when the other connection parameters normally would cause a protocol to be used other than the one you want. For details on the permissible values, see
Section 4.2.2, \(lqConnecting to the MySQL Server\(rq.






Read the binary log from a MySQL server rather than reading a local log file. Any connection parameter options are ignored unless this option is given as well. These options are
--host,
--password,
--port,
--protocol,
--socket, and
--user.


This option requires that the remote server be running. It works only for binary log files on the remote server, not relay log files.






Direct output to the given file.






Display only those events created by the server having the given server ID. This option is available as of MySQL 5.1.4.






Use only the first
N
bits of the
server_id
to identify the server. If the binary log was written by a
mysqld
with server-id-bits set to less than 32 and user data stored in the most significant bit, running
mysqlbinlog
with
--server-id-bits
set to 32 enables this data to be seen.


This option was added in MySQL Cluster NDB 7.0.17 and MySQL Cluster NDB 7.1.6, and is supported only by the versions of
mysqlbinlog
supplied with these and later releases of MySQL Cluster.






Add a
SET NAMES charset_name
statement to the output to specify the character set to be used for processing log files. This option was added in MySQL 5.1.12.






Display only the statements contained in the log, without any extra information or row-based events. This is for testing only, and should not be used in production systems.






For connections to
localhost, the Unix socket file to use, or, on Windows, the name of the named pipe to use.






Start reading the binary log at the first event having a timestamp equal to or later than the
datetime
argument. The
datetime
value is relative to the local time zone on the machine where you run
mysqlbinlog. The value should be in a format accepted for the
DATETIME
or
TIMESTAMP
data types. For example:





shell> mysqlbinlog --start-datetime="2005-12-25 11:25:56" binlog.000003


This option is useful for point-in-time recovery. See
Section 6.3, \(lqExample Backup and Recovery Strategy\(rq.






Start reading the binary log at the first event having a position equal to or greater than
N. This option applies to the first log file named on the command line.


This option is useful for point-in-time recovery. See
Section 6.3, \(lqExample Backup and Recovery Strategy\(rq.






Stop reading the binary log at the first event having a timestamp equal to or later than the
datetime
argument. This option is useful for point-in-time recovery. See the description of the
--start-datetime
option for information about the
datetime
value.


This option is useful for point-in-time recovery. See
Section 6.3, \(lqExample Backup and Recovery Strategy\(rq.






Stop reading the binary log at the first event having a position equal to or greater than
N. This option applies to the last log file named on the command line.


This option is useful for point-in-time recovery. See
Section 6.3, \(lqExample Backup and Recovery Strategy\(rq.






Do not stop at the end of the requested binary log from a MySQL server, but rather continue printing until the end of the last binary log. If you send the output to the same MySQL server, this may lead to an endless loop. This option requires
--read-from-remote-server.






The MySQL user name to use when connecting to a remote server.






Reconstruct row events and display them as commented SQL statements. If this option is given twice, the output includes comments to indicate column data types and some metadata. This option was added in MySQL 5.1.28.


For examples that show the effect of
--base64-output
and
--verbose
on row event output, see
the section called \(lqMYSQLBINLOG ROW EVENT DISPLAY\(rq.






Display version information and exit.






Specify the number of open file descriptors to reserve.


You can pipe the output of
mysqlbinlog
into the
mysql
client to execute the events contained in the binary log. This technique is used to recover from a crash when you have an old backup (see
Section 6.5, \(lqPoint-in-Time (Incremental) Recovery Using the Binary Log\(rq). For example:




shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.000001 | mysql -u root -p


Or:




shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.[0-9]* | mysql -u root -p


You can also redirect the output of
mysqlbinlog
to a text file instead, if you need to modify the statement log first (for example, to remove statements that you do not want to execute for some reason). After editing the file, execute the statements that it contains by using it as input to the
mysql
program:




shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.000001 > tmpfile
shell> ... edit tmpfile ...
shell> mysql -u root -p < tmpfile


When
mysqlbinlog
is invoked with the
--start-position
option, it displays only those events with an offset in the binary log greater than or equal to a given position (the given position must match the start of one event). It also has options to stop and start when it sees an event with a given date and time. This enables you to perform point-in-time recovery using the
--stop-datetime
option (to be able to say, for example,
\(lqroll forward my databases to how they were today at 10:30 a.m.\(rq).


If you have more than one binary log to execute on the MySQL server, the safe method is to process them all using a single connection to the server. Here is an example that demonstrates what may be
unsafe:




shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.000001 | mysql -u root -p # DANGER!!
shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.000002 | mysql -u root -p # DANGER!!


Processing binary logs this way using multiple connections to the server causes problems if the first log file contains a
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE
statement and the second log contains a statement that uses the temporary table. When the first
mysql
process terminates, the server drops the temporary table. When the second
mysql
process attempts to use the table, the server reports
\(lqunknown table.\(rq


To avoid problems like this, use a
single
mysql
process to execute the contents of all binary logs that you want to process. Here is one way to do so:




shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.000001 binlog.000002 | mysql -u root -p


Another approach is to write all the logs to a single file and then process the file:




shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.000001 >  /tmp/statements.sql
shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.000002 >> /tmp/statements.sql
shell> mysql -u root -p -e "source /tmp/statements.sql"


mysqlbinlog
can produce output that reproduces a
LOAD DATA INFILE
operation without the original data file.
mysqlbinlog
copies the data to a temporary file and writes a
LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE
statement that refers to the file. The default location of the directory where these files are written is system-specific. To specify a directory explicitly, use the
--local-load
option.


Because
mysqlbinlog
converts
LOAD DATA INFILE
statements to
LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE
statements (that is, it adds
LOCAL), both the client and the server that you use to process the statements must be configured with the
LOCAL
capability enabled. See
Section 5.3.5, \(lqSecurity Issues with LOAD DATA LOCAL\(rq.






The temporary files created for
LOAD DATA LOCAL
statements are
not
automatically deleted because they are needed until you actually execute those statements. You should delete the temporary files yourself after you no longer need the statement log. The files can be found in the temporary file directory and have names like
original_file_name-#-#.




The
--hexdump
option causes
mysqlbinlog
to produce a hex dump of the binary log contents:





shell> mysqlbinlog --hexdump master-bin.000001


The hex output consists of comment lines beginning with
#, so the output might look like this for the preceding command:





/*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
# at 4
#051024 17:24:13 server id 1  end_log_pos 98
# Position  Timestamp   Type   Master ID        Size      Master Pos    Flags
# 00000004 9d fc 5c 43   0f   01 00 00 00   5e 00 00 00   62 00 00 00   00 00
# 00000017 04 00 35 2e 30 2e 31 35  2d 64 65 62 75 67 2d 6c |..5.0.15.debug.l|
# 00000027 6f 67 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |og..............|
# 00000037 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
# 00000047 00 00 00 00 9d fc 5c 43  13 38 0d 00 08 00 12 00 |.......C.8......|
# 00000057 04 04 04 04 12 00 00 4b  00 04 1a                |.......K...|
#       Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.0.15-debug-log created 051024 17:24:13
#       at startup
ROLLBACK;


Hex dump output currently contains the elements in the following list. This format is subject to change. (For more information about binary log format, see
\m[blue] http://forge.mysql.com/wiki/MySQL_Internals_Binary_Log\m[].)



o






o






o








o






o






o






o







The following examples illustrate how
mysqlbinlog
displays row events that specify data modifications. These correspond to events with the
WRITE_ROWS_EVENT,
UPDATE_ROWS_EVENT, and
DELETE_ROWS_EVENT
type codes. The
--base64-output=DECODE-ROWS
and
--verbose
options may be used to affect row event output. These options are available as of MySQL 5.1.28.


Suppose that the server is using row-based binary logging and that you execute the following sequence of statements:





CREATE TABLE t
(
  id   INT NOT NULL,
  name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
  date DATE NULL
) ENGINE = InnoDB;
START TRANSACTION;
INSERT INTO t VALUES(1, 'apple', NULL);
UPDATE t SET name = 'pear', date = '2009-01-01' WHERE id = 1;
DELETE FROM t WHERE id = 1;
COMMIT;


By default,
mysqlbinlog
displays row events encoded as base-64 strings using
BINLOG
statements. Omitting extraneous lines, the output for the row events produced by the preceding statement sequence looks like this:





shell> mysqlbinlog log_file
...
# at 218
#080828 15:03:08 server id 1  end_log_pos 258   Write_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAANoAAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
fAS3SBcBAAAAKAAAAAIBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA//8AQAAAAVhcHBsZQ==
'/*!*/;
...
# at 302
#080828 15:03:08 server id 1  end_log_pos 356   Update_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAAC4BAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
fAS3SBgBAAAANgAAAGQBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA////AEAAAAFYXBwbGX4AQAAAARwZWFyIbIP
'/*!*/;
...
# at 400
#080828 15:03:08 server id 1  end_log_pos 442   Delete_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAAJABAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
fAS3SBkBAAAAKgAAALoBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA//4AQAAAARwZWFyIbIP
'/*!*/;


To see the row events as comments in the form of
\(lqpseudo-SQL\(rq
statements, run
mysqlbinlog
with the
--verbose
or
-v
option. The output will contain lines beginning with
###:





shell> mysqlbinlog -v log_file
...
# at 218
#080828 15:03:08 server id 1  end_log_pos 258   Write_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAANoAAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
fAS3SBcBAAAAKAAAAAIBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA//8AQAAAAVhcHBsZQ==
'/*!*/;
### INSERT INTO test.t
### SET
###   @1=1
###   @2='apple'
###   @3=NULL
...
# at 302
#080828 15:03:08 server id 1  end_log_pos 356   Update_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAAC4BAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
fAS3SBgBAAAANgAAAGQBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA////AEAAAAFYXBwbGX4AQAAAARwZWFyIbIP
'/*!*/;
### UPDATE test.t
### WHERE
###   @1=1
###   @2='apple'
###   @3=NULL
### SET
###   @1=1
###   @2='pear'
###   @3='2009:01:01'
...
# at 400
#080828 15:03:08 server id 1  end_log_pos 442   Delete_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAAJABAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
fAS3SBkBAAAAKgAAALoBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA//4AQAAAARwZWFyIbIP
'/*!*/;
### DELETE FROM test.t
### WHERE
###   @1=1
###   @2='pear'
###   @3='2009:01:01'


Specify
--verbose
or
-v
twice to also display data types and some metadata for each column. The output will contain an additional comment following each column change:





shell> mysqlbinlog -vv log_file
...
# at 218
#080828 15:03:08 server id 1  end_log_pos 258   Write_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAANoAAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
fAS3SBcBAAAAKAAAAAIBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA//8AQAAAAVhcHBsZQ==
'/*!*/;
### INSERT INTO test.t
### SET
###   @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
###   @2='apple' /* VARSTRING(20) meta=20 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
###   @3=NULL /* VARSTRING(20) meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=1 */
...
# at 302
#080828 15:03:08 server id 1  end_log_pos 356   Update_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAAC4BAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
fAS3SBgBAAAANgAAAGQBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA////AEAAAAFYXBwbGX4AQAAAARwZWFyIbIP
'/*!*/;
### UPDATE test.t
### WHERE
###   @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
###   @2='apple' /* VARSTRING(20) meta=20 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
###   @3=NULL /* VARSTRING(20) meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=1 */
### SET
###   @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
###   @2='pear' /* VARSTRING(20) meta=20 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
###   @3='2009:01:01' /* DATE meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
...
# at 400
#080828 15:03:08 server id 1  end_log_pos 442   Delete_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAAJABAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
fAS3SBkBAAAAKgAAALoBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA//4AQAAAARwZWFyIbIP
'/*!*/;
### DELETE FROM test.t
### WHERE
###   @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
###   @2='pear' /* VARSTRING(20) meta=20 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
###   @3='2009:01:01' /* DATE meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */


You can tell
mysqlbinlog
to suppress the
BINLOG
statements for row events by using the
--base64-output=DECODE-ROWS
option. This is similar to
--base64-output=NEVER
but does not exit with an error if a row event is found. The combination of
--base64-output=DECODE-ROWS
and
--verbose
provides a convenient way to see row events only as SQL statements:





shell> mysqlbinlog -v --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS log_file
...
# at 218
#080828 15:03:08 server id 1  end_log_pos 258   Write_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
### INSERT INTO test.t
### SET
###   @1=1
###   @2='apple'
###   @3=NULL
...
# at 302
#080828 15:03:08 server id 1  end_log_pos 356   Update_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
### UPDATE test.t
### WHERE
###   @1=1
###   @2='apple'
###   @3=NULL
### SET
###   @1=1
###   @2='pear'
###   @3='2009:01:01'
...
# at 400
#080828 15:03:08 server id 1  end_log_pos 442   Delete_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
### DELETE FROM test.t
### WHERE
###   @1=1
###   @2='pear'
###   @3='2009:01:01'







Note


You should not suppress
BINLOG
statements if you intend to re-execute
mysqlbinlog
output.




The SQL statements produced by
--verbose
for row events are much more readable than the corresponding
BINLOG
statements. However, they do not correspond exactly to the original SQL statements that generated the events. The following limitations apply:



o






o
















CHAR(4) CHARACTER SET latin1
CHAR(2) CHARACTER SET ucs2






Proper interpretation of row events requires the information from the format description event at the beginning of the binary log. Because
mysqlbinlog
does not know in advance whether the rest of the log contains row events, by default it displays the format description event using a
BINLOG
statement in the initial part of the output.


If the binary log is known not to contain any events requiring a
BINLOG
statement (that is, no row events), the
--base64-output=NEVER
option can be used to prevent this header from being written.


Copyright © 1997, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.


This documentation is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it only under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.


This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.


You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with the program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA or see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.




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