Find other two sides of a right angle triangle - GeeksforGeeks

27 Jan, 2022
Given one side of right angle triangle, check if there exists a right angle triangle possible with any other two sides of the triangle. If possible print length of the other two sides. Else print -1 Note: All the sides of triangle must be positive integers
Example 1: 
Input : a = 3
Output : b = 4, c = 5
Explanation : a = 3, b = 4 and c = 5 form right 
angle triangle because 
32 + 42 = 9 + 16 = 25 = 52 => 32 + 42 = 52
Example 2: 
Input : a = 11
Output : b = 60, c = 61
Explanation : a = 11, b = 60 and c = 61 form 
right angle triangle because
112 + 602 = 121 + 3600 = 3721 = 612 => 112 + 602 = 612
To solve this problem we first observe the Pythagoras equation. If a and b are the lengths of the legs of a right triangle and c is the length of the hypotenuse, then the sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs is equal to the square of the length of the hypotenuse. 
This relationship is represented by the formula:  
a2 + b2 = c2
 
 
Case 1 – a is an odd number: Given a, find b and c
c2 - b2 = a2
OR
c = (a2 + 1)/2;
b = (a2 - 1)/2;
Above solution works only for case when a is odd, because a2 + 1 is divisible by 2 only for odd a.
Case 2 – a is an even number: When c-b is 2 & c+b is (a2)/2
c-b = 2 & c+b = (a2)/2
Hence,
c = (a2)/4 + 1;
b = (a2)/4 - 1;
This works when a is even. 
This solution doesn’t work for case of a = 1 and a = 2 because there isn’t any right angle triangle with side 1 or 2 with all integer sides.  
C++
Java
Python3
C#
PHP
Javascript
// C++ program to print other two sides of right// angle triangle given one side#include <bits/stdc++.h>using namespace std; // Finds two sides of a right angle triangle// if it exist.void printOtherSides(int n){    // if n is odd    if (n & 1)    {        // case of n = 1 handled separately        if (n == 1)            cout << -1 << endl;        else        {            int b = (n*n-1)/2;            int c = (n*n+1)/2;            cout << "b = " << b                 << ", c = " << c << endl;        }    }    else    {        // case of n = 2 handled separately        if (n == 2)            cout << -1 << endl;        else        {            int b = n*n/4-1;            int c = n*n/4+1;            cout << "b = " << b                 << ", c = " << c << endl;        }    }} // Driver program to test above functionint main(){    int a = 3;    printOtherSides(a);    return 0;}
// Java program to print other two// sides of right angle triangle// given one side class GFG{    // Finds two sides of a right angle    // triangle if it they exist.    static void printOtherSides(int n)    {        // if n is odd        if (n % 2 != 0)        {            // case of n = 1 handled separately            if (n == 1)                System.out.println("-1");            else            {                int b = (n * n -1) / 2;                int c = (n *n  +1) / 2;                System.out.println("b = "+ b +                                   ", c = "+c);            }        }        else        {            // case of n = 2 handled separately            if (n == 2)                System.out.println("-1");            else            {                int b = n * n / 4 - 1;                int c = n * n / 4 + 1;                System.out.println("b = "+ b +                                   ", c = "+c);            }        }    }             // Driver code    public static void main (String[] args)    {        int a = 3;        printOtherSides(a);    }} // This code is contributed by Anant Agarwal.
# Python program to print other# two sides of right angle# triangle given one side # Finds two sides of a right angle# triangle if it they exist.def printOtherSides(n):         # if n is odd    if(n & 1):                 # case of n = 1 handled        # separately        if(n == 1):            print(-1)        else:            b = (n * n - 1) // 2            c = (n * n + 1) // 2            print("b =", b, ", c =", c)    else:                 # case of n = 2 handled        # separately        if(n == 2):            print(-1)        else:            b = n * n // 4 - 1            c = n * n // 4 + 1            print("b =", b", c =", c) # Driver Codea = 3printOtherSides(a) # This code is contributed by# Sanjit_Prasad
// C# program to print other two// sides of right angle triangle// given one sideusing System; class GFG {         // Finds two sides of a right angle    // triangle if it they exist.    static void printOtherSides(int n)    {                 // if n is odd        if (n % 2 != 0)        {                         // case of n = 1 handled            // separately            if (n == 1)            Console.WriteLine("-1");            else            {                int b = (n * n - 1) / 2;                int c = (n * n + 1) / 2;                Console.Write("b = "+ b +                              ", c = "+ c);            }        }        else        {                         // case of n = 2 handled            // separately            if (n == 2)            Console.Write("-1");            else            {                int b = n * n / 4 - 1;                int c = n * n / 4 + 1;                Console.Write("b = "+ b +                              ", c = "+ c);            }        }    }             // Driver code    public static void Main ()    {        int a = 3;        printOtherSides(a);    }} // This code is contributed by Nitin Mittal.
<?php// PHP program to print other two// sides of right angle triangle// given one side // Finds two sides of a right angle// triangle if it they exist.function printOtherSides($n){         // if n is odd    if ($n & 1)    {        // case of n = 1        // handled separately        if ($n == 1)            echo -1 ;        else        {            $b = ($n * $n - 1) / 2;            $c = ($n * $n + 1) / 2;            echo "b = " ,$b,", c = " ,$c ;        }    }    else    {                 // case of n = 2        // handled separately        if ($n == 2)            echo -1 ;        else        {            $b = $n * $n / 4 - 1;            $c = $n * $n / 4 + 1;            echo "b = " ,$b, ", c = ", $c ;        }    }}     // Driver Code    $a = 3;    printOtherSides($a);    return 0; // This code is contributed by nitin mittal.?>
<script> // javascript program to print other two// sides of right angle triangle// given one side  // Finds two sides of a right angle// triangle if it they exist.function printOtherSides(n){    // if n is odd    if (n % 2 != 0)    {        // case of n = 1 handled separately        if (n == 1)            document.write("-1");        else        {            var b = (n * n -1) / 2;            var c = (n *n  +1) / 2;            document.write("b = "+ b +                               ", c = "+c);        }    }    else    {        // case of n = 2 handled separately        if (n == 2)            document.write("-1");        else        {            var b = n * n / 4 - 1;            var c = n * n / 4 + 1;            document.write("b = "+ b +                               ", c = "+c);        }    }}     // Driver codevar a = 3;printOtherSides(a);  // This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar </script>
Output: 
b = 4, c = 5
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