What are assertions in Selenium with python?

There are assertions in Selenium which are verification or checkpoints for
the test case. In the absence of an assertion, there is no option of determining if a
test case has failed or not.
Sometimes, we may use the conditional statements like if – else and so on and then
print the result of pass/ fail in the console. But that can only solve the problem of
checking logs and not for actual reporting.
Thus assertion is used for generating test execution reports. In case, our test case
passes all the test steps, the assertions do not impact the test cases in any way,
however if the test case fails, it is reported.
A test case can contain numerous methods of assertions. Some of them can accept
values of all data types and some will only have numeric values. The different types
of assertions are listed below −
assertEqual – This assertion has two parameters. A comparison is done
between the first and second parameter. In case both of them match, the
test case is considered a pass; else the test case is failed.
assertEqual – This assertion has two parameters. A comparison is done
between the first and second parameter. In case both of them match, the
test case is considered a pass; else the test case is failed.
The third parameter of assertEqual is an optional one. It is mostly used for
informational purposes for result analysis.
assertEqual("Tutorialspoint", "Tutorialspoint")
assertNotEqual – This assertion can have more than two parameters. A
comparison is done between the first and second parameter. In case both of
them do not match, the test case is considered a pass; else the test case is
failed.
assertNotEqual – This assertion can have more than two parameters. A
comparison is done between the first and second parameter. In case both of
them do not match, the test case is considered a pass; else the test case is
failed.
The third parameter of assertEqual is an optional one. It is mostly used for
informational purposes for result analysis.
assertNotEqual("Tutorials", "Tutorialspoint")
assertTrue – This assertion can handle more than two parameters. A
comparison is done between the first and second parameter. In case both of
them do match, the test case is considered a pass; else the test case is failed.
assertTrue – This assertion can handle more than two parameters. A
comparison is done between the first and second parameter. In case both of
them do match, the test case is considered a pass; else the test case is failed.
The assertTrue assertion allows the use of relational operators for
comparison. In these situations, the result is in Boolean (True or False). The
final parameter of this assertion can contain informational messages used
for result analysis.
assertTrue((hd="Tutorialspoint") OR (hd="Selenium"),"Matching header")
assertFalse – This assertion can handle more than two parameters. A
comparison is done between the first and second parameter. In case both of
them do not match, the test case is considered a pass; else the test case is
failed.
assertFalse – This assertion can handle more than two parameters. A
comparison is done between the first and second parameter. In case both of
them do not match, the test case is considered a pass; else the test case is
failed.
The assertTrue assertion allows the use of relational operators for
comparison. In these situations, the result is in Boolean (True or False). The
final parameter of this assertion can contain informational messages used
for result analysis.
assertFalse(2>3,"2 is not greater than 3")

assertIs – This assertion can handle two parameters. A comparison is done
between the first and second parameter. In case both of them match, the
test case is considered a pass; else the test case is failed.
assertIs – This assertion can handle two parameters. A comparison is done
between the first and second parameter. In case both of them match, the
test case is considered a pass; else the test case is failed.
The third parameter of assertEqual is an optional one. It is mostly used for
informational purposes for result analysis.
assertIs(Tutorialspoint", "Tutorialspoint", "Both are equal")
assertIsNot – This assertion can handle two parameters. A comparison is
done between the first and second parameter. In case both of them do not
match, the test case is considered a pass; else the test case is failed.
The final parameter of this assertion can contain informational messages
used for result analysis.
assertIsNot – This assertion can handle two parameters. A comparison is
done between the first and second parameter. In case both of them do not
match, the test case is considered a pass; else the test case is failed.
The final parameter of this assertion can contain informational messages
used for result analysis.
The final parameter of this assertion can contain informational messages
used for result analysis.
assertIsNot(Tutorialspoint", "Tutorials", "Both are not equal")
assertIsNone – This assertion can handle a parameter. It is used to check if
the value provided is none. If the result is equal to none, the test case is
considered a pass; else the test case is failed.
assertIsNone – This assertion can handle a parameter. It is used to check if
the value provided is none. If the result is equal to none, the test case is
considered a pass; else the test case is failed.
The final parameter of this assertion can contain informational messages
used for result analysis.
assertIsNone( result, "The result is equal to none")
assertIsNotNone – This assertion can handle a parameter. It is used to check
if the value provided is none. If the result is not equal to none, the test case
is considered a pass; else the test case is failed.
assertIsNotNone – This assertion can handle a parameter. It is used to check
if the value provided is none. If the result is not equal to none, the test case
is considered a pass; else the test case is failed.
The final parameter of this assertion can contain informational messages
used for result analysis.
assertIsNotNone( r, "The result is not equal to none")

assertIn – This assertion has two parameters. It is used to check if the first
parameter exists in the second parameter. If the item is present in the
second element, the test case is considered a pass; else the test case is failed.
The third parameter of assertIs is an optional one. It is mostly used for
informational purposes for result analysis.
assertIn – This assertion has two parameters. It is used to check if the first
parameter exists in the second parameter. If the item is present in the
second element, the test case is considered a pass; else the test case is failed.
The third parameter of assertIs is an optional one. It is mostly used for
informational purposes for result analysis.
This type of assertion is mostly used in set, list, tuple and dictionary.
s = set(["PLSQL", "Selenium", "Jmeter"])
assertIn("Selenium", s, " Selenium is present in set s")
assertNotIn – This assertion has two parameters. It is used to check if the
first parameter exists in the second parameter. If the item is not present in
the second element, the test case is considered a pass; else the test case is
failed.
assertNotIn – This assertion has two parameters. It is used to check if the
first parameter exists in the second parameter. If the item is not present in
the second element, the test case is considered a pass; else the test case is
failed.
The third parameter of assertIs is an optional one. It is mostly used for
informational purposes for result analysis.
This type of assertion is mostly used in set, list, tuple and dictionary.
s = set(["PLSQL", "Selenium", "Jmeter"])
assertIn("Oracle", s, " Oracle is not present in set s")
assertIsInstance – This assertion has two parameters. It is used to check if
the given object( in the first parameter) is an instance of the class( in the
second parameter). If yes, the test case is considered a pass; else the test
case is failed.
assertIsInstance – This assertion has two parameters. It is used to check if
the given object( in the first parameter) is an instance of the class( in the
second parameter). If yes, the test case is considered a pass; else the test
case is failed.
The third parameter of assertIs is an optional one. It is mostly used for
informational purposes for result analysis.
Cl1 c = new Cl1()
assertIsInstance(c, Cl1, " c is an instance of Cl1")
assertIsNotInstance – This assertion has two parameters. It is used to check
if the given object( in the first parameter) is an instance of the class( in the
second parameter). If no, the test case is considered a pass; else the test case
is failed.
assertIsNotInstance – This assertion has two parameters. It is used to check
if the given object( in the first parameter) is an instance of the class( in the
second parameter). If no, the test case is considered a pass; else the test case
is failed.
The third parameter of assertIs is an optional one. It is mostly used for
informational purposes for result analysis.
Cl1 c = new Cl1()
assertIsInstance(d, Cl1, " d is not an instance of Cl1")
assertListEqual – This assertion has two parameters. It is used to check if the
two lists mentioned in the parameter are similar or not. If there is any missing
or not similar element, it is printed as an error message.
assertListEqual – This assertion has two parameters. It is used to check if the
two lists mentioned in the parameter are similar or not. If there is any missing
or not similar element, it is printed as an error message.
assertTupleEqual – This assertion has two parameters. It is used to check if
the two tuples mentioned in the parameter are similar or not. If there is any
missing or not similar element, it is printed as an error message.
assertTupleEqual – This assertion has two parameters. It is used to check if
the two tuples mentioned in the parameter are similar or not. If there is any
missing or not similar element, it is printed as an error message.
assertSetEqual – This assertion has two parameters. It is used to check if the
two sets mentioned in the parameter are similar or not. If there is any
missing or not similar element, it is printed as an error message.
assertSetEqual – This assertion has two parameters. It is used to check if the
two sets mentioned in the parameter are similar or not. If there is any
missing or not similar element, it is printed as an error message.
assertDictEqual – This assertion has two parameters. It is used to check if the
two dictionaries mentioned in the parameter are similar or not. If there is
any missing or not similar element, it is printed as an error message.
assertDictEqual – This assertion has two parameters. It is used to check if the
two dictionaries mentioned in the parameter are similar or not. If there is
any missing or not similar element, it is printed as an error message.