HCatalog - Installation

All Hadoop sub-projects such as Hive, Pig, and HBase support Linux operating system. Therefore, you need to install a Linux flavor on your system. HCatalog is merged with Hive Installation on March 26, 2013. From the version Hive-0.11.0 onwards, HCatalog comes with Hive installation. Therefore, follow the steps given below to install Hive which in turn will automatically install HCatalog on your system.
Java must be installed on your system before installing Hive. You can use the following command to check whether you have Java already installed on your system −
$ java –version

If Java is already installed on your system, you get to see the following response −
java version "1.7.0_71"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_71-b13)
Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 25.0-b02, mixed mode)

If you don’t have Java installed on your system, then you need to follow the steps given below.
Download Java (JDK <latest version> - X64.tar.gz) by visiting the following link http://www.oracle.com/
Then jdk-7u71-linux-x64.tar.gz will be downloaded onto your system.
Generally you will find the downloaded Java file in the Downloads folder. Verify it and extract the jdk-7u71-linux-x64.gz file using the following commands.
$ cd Downloads/
$ ls
jdk-7u71-linux-x64.gz

$ tar zxf jdk-7u71-linux-x64.gz
$ ls
jdk1.7.0_71 jdk-7u71-linux-x64.gz

To make Java available to all the users, you have to move it to the location “/usr/local/”. Open root, and type the following commands.
$ su
password:
# mv jdk1.7.0_71 /usr/local/
# exit

For setting up PATH and JAVA_HOME variables, add the following commands to ~/.bashrc file.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_71
export PATH=PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
Now verify the installation using the command java -version from the terminal as explained above.
Hadoop must be installed on your system before installing Hive. Let us verify the Hadoop installation using the following command −
$ hadoop version

If Hadoop is already installed on your system, then you will get the following response −
Hadoop 2.4.1
Subversion https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common -r 1529768
Compiled by hortonmu on 2013-10-07T06:28Z
Compiled with protoc 2.5.0
From source with checksum 79e53ce7994d1628b240f09af91e1af4

If Hadoop is not installed on your system, then proceed with the following steps −
Download and extract Hadoop 2.4.1 from Apache Software Foundation using the following commands.
$ su
password:
# cd /usr/local
# wget http://apache.claz.org/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.4.1/
hadoop-2.4.1.tar.gz
# tar xzf hadoop-2.4.1.tar.gz
# mv hadoop-2.4.1/* to hadoop/
# exit

The following steps are used to install Hadoop 2.4.1 in pseudo distributed mode.
You can set Hadoop environment variables by appending the following commands to ~/.bashrc file.
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME
export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME
export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME
export YARN_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME 
export HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_NATIVE_DIR=$HADOOP_HOME/lib/native
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin

Now apply all the changes into the current running system.
$ source ~/.bashrc

You can find all the Hadoop configuration files in the location “$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop”. You need to make suitable changes in those configuration files according to your Hadoop infrastructure.
$ cd $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop

In order to develop Hadoop programs using Java, you have to reset the Java environment variables in hadoop-env.sh file by replacing JAVA_HOME value with the location of Java in your system.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_71

Given below are the list of files that you have to edit to configure Hadoop.
The core-site.xml file contains information such as the port number used for Hadoop instance, memory allocated for the file system, memory limit for storing the data, and the size of Read/Write buffers.
Open the core-site.xml and add the following properties in between the <configuration> and </configuration> tags.
<configuration>
   <property>
      <name>fs.default.name</name>
      <value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>
   </property>
</configuration>
The hdfs-site.xml file contains information such as the value of replication data, the namenode path, and the datanode path of your local file systems. It means the place where you want to store the Hadoop infrastructure.
Let us assume the following data.
dfs.replication (data replication value) = 1

(In the following path /hadoop/ is the user name.
hadoopinfra/hdfs/namenode is the directory created by hdfs file system.)

namenode path = //home/hadoop/hadoopinfra/hdfs/namenode

(hadoopinfra/hdfs/datanode is the directory created by hdfs file system.)
datanode path = //home/hadoop/hadoopinfra/hdfs/datanode
Open this file and add the following properties in between the <configuration>, </configuration> tags in this file.
<configuration>
   <property>
      <name>dfs.replication</name>
      <value>1</value>
   </property> 
   
   <property>
      <name>dfs.name.dir</name>
      <value>file:///home/hadoop/hadoopinfra/hdfs/namenode</value> 
   </property> 

   <property>
      <name>dfs.data.dir</name>
      <value>file:///home/hadoop/hadoopinfra/hdfs/datanode</value> 
   </property>
</configuration>
Note − In the above file, all the property values are user-defined and you can make changes according to your Hadoop infrastructure.
This file is used to configure yarn into Hadoop. Open the yarn-site.xml file and add the following properties in between the <configuration>, </configuration> tags in this file.
<configuration>
   <property>
      <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
      <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
   </property>
</configuration>
This file is used to specify which MapReduce framework we are using. By default, Hadoop contains a template of yarn-site.xml. First of all, you need to copy the file from mapred-site,xml.template to mapred-site.xml file using the following command.
$ cp mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml

Open mapred-site.xml file and add the following properties in between the <configuration>, </configuration> tags in this file.
<configuration>
   <property>
      <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
      <value>yarn</value>
   </property>
</configuration>
The following steps are used to verify the Hadoop installation.
Set up the namenode using the command “hdfs namenode -format” as follows −
$ cd ~
$ hdfs namenode -format
The expected result is as follows −
10/24/14 21:30:55 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG:
/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = localhost/192.168.1.11
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 2.4.1
...
...
10/24/14 21:30:56 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory
/home/hadoop/hadoopinfra/hdfs/namenode has been successfully formatted.
10/24/14 21:30:56 INFO namenode.NNStorageRetentionManager: Going to retain 1
images with txid >= 0 10/24/14 21:30:56 INFO util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 0
10/24/14 21:30:56 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at localhost/192.168.1.11
************************************************************/

The following command is used to start the DFS. Executing this command will start your Hadoop file system.
$ start-dfs.sh
The expected output is as follows −
10/24/14 21:37:56 Starting namenodes on [localhost]
localhost: starting namenode, logging to
/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-localhost.out localhost:
starting datanode, logging to
   /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-localhost.out
Starting secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0]

The following command is used to start the Yarn script. Executing this command will start your Yarn daemons.
$ start-yarn.sh
The expected output is as follows −
starting yarn daemons
starting resourcemanager, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/logs/
yarn-hadoop-resourcemanager-localhost.out
localhost: starting nodemanager, logging to
   /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.1/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-localhost.out

The default port number to access Hadoop is 50070. Use the following URL to get Hadoop services on your browser.
http://localhost:50070/

The default port number to access all applications of cluster is 8088. Use the following url to visit this service.
http://localhost:8088/

Once you are done with the installation of Hadoop, proceed to the next step and install Hive on your system.
We use hive-0.14.0 in this tutorial. You can download it by visiting the following link http://apache.petsads.us/hive/hive-0.14.0/. Let us assume it gets downloaded onto the /Downloads directory. Here, we download Hive archive named “apache-hive-0.14.0-bin.tar.gz” for this tutorial. The following command is used to verify the download −
$ cd Downloads
$ ls

On successful download, you get to see the following response −
apache-hive-0.14.0-bin.tar.gz

The following steps are required for installing Hive on your system. Let us assume the Hive archive is downloaded onto the /Downloads directory.
The following command is used to verify the download and extract the Hive archive −
$ tar zxvf apache-hive-0.14.0-bin.tar.gz
$ ls

On successful download, you get to see the following response −
apache-hive-0.14.0-bin apache-hive-0.14.0-bin.tar.gz

We need to copy the files from the superuser “su -”. The following commands are used to copy the files from the extracted directory to the /usr/local/hive” directory.
$ su -
passwd:
# cd /home/user/Download
# mv apache-hive-0.14.0-bin /usr/local/hive
# exit

You can set up the Hive environment by appending the following lines to ~/.bashrc file −
export HIVE_HOME=/usr/local/hive
export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:/usr/local/Hadoop/lib/*:.
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:/usr/local/hive/lib/*:.

The following command is used to execute ~/.bashrc file.
$ source ~/.bashrc

To configure Hive with Hadoop, you need to edit the hive-env.sh file, which is placed in the $HIVE_HOME/conf directory. The following commands redirect to Hive config folder and copy the template file −
$ cd $HIVE_HOME/conf
$ cp hive-env.sh.template hive-env.sh

Edit the hive-env.sh file by appending the following line −
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop

With this, the Hive installation is complete. Now you require an external database server to configure Metastore. We use Apache Derby database.
Follow the steps given below to download and install Apache Derby −
The following command is used to download Apache Derby. It takes some time to download.
$ cd ~
$ wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/db/derby/db-derby-10.4.2.0/db-derby-10.4.2.0-bin.tar.gz
The following command is used to verify the download −
$ ls

On successful download, you get to see the following response −
db-derby-10.4.2.0-bin.tar.gz

The following commands are used for extracting and verifying the Derby archive −
$ tar zxvf db-derby-10.4.2.0-bin.tar.gz
$ ls

On successful download, you get to see the following response −
db-derby-10.4.2.0-bin db-derby-10.4.2.0-bin.tar.gz

We need to copy from the superuser “su -”. The following commands are used to copy the files from the extracted directory to the /usr/local/derby directory −
$ su -
passwd:
# cd /home/user
# mv db-derby-10.4.2.0-bin /usr/local/derby
# exit

You can set up the Derby environment by appending the following lines to ~/.bashrc file −
export DERBY_HOME=/usr/local/derby
export PATH=$PATH:$DERBY_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$DERBY_HOME/lib/derby.jar:$DERBY_HOME/lib/derbytools.jar

The following command is used to execute ~/.bashrc file −
$ source ~/.bashrc

Create a directory named data in $DERBY_HOME directory to store Metastore data.
$ mkdir $DERBY_HOME/data

Derby installation and environmental setup is now complete.
Configuring Metastore means specifying to Hive where the database is stored. You can do this by editing the hive-site.xml file, which is in the $HIVE_HOME/conf directory. First of all, copy the template file using the following command −
$ cd $HIVE_HOME/conf
$ cp hive-default.xml.template hive-site.xml

Edit hive-site.xml and append the following lines between the <configuration> and </configuration> tags −
<property>
   <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
   <value>jdbc:derby://localhost:1527/metastore_db;create = true</value>
   <description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
Create a file named jpox.properties and add the following lines into it −
javax.jdo.PersistenceManagerFactoryClass = org.jpox.PersistenceManagerFactoryImpl

org.jpox.autoCreateSchema = false
org.jpox.validateTables = false
org.jpox.validateColumns = false
org.jpox.validateConstraints = false

org.jpox.storeManagerType = rdbms
org.jpox.autoCreateSchema = true
org.jpox.autoStartMechanismMode = checked
org.jpox.transactionIsolation = read_committed

javax.jdo.option.DetachAllOnCommit = true
javax.jdo.option.NontransactionalRead = true
javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName = org.apache.derby.jdbc.ClientDriver
javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL = jdbc:derby://hadoop1:1527/metastore_db;create = true
javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName = APP
javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword = mine
Before running Hive, you need to create the /tmp folder and a separate Hive folder in HDFS. Here, we use the /user/hive/warehouse folder. You need to set write permission for these newly created folders as shown below −
chmod g+w

Now set them in HDFS before verifying Hive. Use the following commands −
$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop fs -mkdir /tmp
$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop fs -mkdir /user/hive/warehouse
$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop fs -chmod g+w /tmp
$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop fs -chmod g+w /user/hive/warehouse

The following commands are used to verify Hive installation −
$ cd $HIVE_HOME
$ bin/hive

On successful installation of Hive, you get to see the following response −
Logging initialized using configuration in 
   jar:file:/home/hadoop/hive-0.9.0/lib/hive-common-0.9.0.jar!/
hive-log4j.properties Hive history
   =/tmp/hadoop/hive_job_log_hadoop_201312121621_1494929084.txt
......................
hive>

You can execute the following sample command to display all the tables −
hive> show tables;
OK Time taken: 2.798 seconds
hive>

Use the following command to set a system variable HCAT_HOME for HCatalog Home.
export HCAT_HOME = $HiVE_HOME/HCatalog

Use the following command to verify the HCatalog installation.
cd $HCAT_HOME/bin
./hcat

If the installation is successful, you will get to see the following output −
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory]
usage: hcat { -e "<query>" | -f "<filepath>" } 
   [ -g "<group>" ] [ -p "<perms>" ] 
   [ -D"<name> = <value>" ]
	
-D <property = value>    use hadoop value for given property
-e <exec>                hcat command given from command line
-f <file>                hcat commands in file
-g <group>               group for the db/table specified in CREATE statement
-h,--help                Print help information
-p <perms>               permissions for the db/table specified in CREATE statement

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