Pygame – Drawing Objects and Shapes

31 Oct, 2021
In this article, we are going to see how to draw an object using Pygame. There can be two versions for drawing any shape, it can be a solid one or just an outline of it.
You can easily draw basic shapes in pygame using the draw method of pygame. 
To draw a rectangle in your pygame project you can use draw.rect() function.
Syntax: pygame.draw.rect(surface, color, rect, width)
Parameters:
surface :- Here we can pass the surface on which we want to draw our rectangle. In the above example, we created a surface object named ‘window’.
color :- Here we can pass the color for our rectangle. We are using blue color in our example.
rect :- Here we can pass the rectangle, position, and dimensions.
width :- Here we can pass the line thickness. we can also create a solid rectangle by changing the value of this width parameter. So let’s look at that.
First, import the required module and initialize pygame. Now, Create the surface object of a specific dimension using the display.set_mode() method of pygame. Fill the background of the surface object with white color using the fill() function of pygame. Create a rectangle using the draw.rect() method of pygame. Update the Surface object.
Example 1: Drawing outlined rectangle using pygame.
Python3
# Importing pygame moduleimport pygamefrom pygame.locals import * # initiate pygame and give permission# to use pygame's functionality.pygame.init() # create the display surface object# of specific dimension.window = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 600)) # Fill the scree with white colorwindow.fill((255, 255, 255)) # Using draw.rect module of# pygame to draw the outlined rectanglepygame.draw.rect(window, (0, 0, 255),                 [100, 100, 400, 100], 2) # Draws the surface object to the screen.pygame.display.update()
Output :
We can create a solid rectangle by setting the width parameter equal to 0 and the rest of the approach remains the same.
Example 2: Drawing a solid rectangle.
Python3
# Importing pygame moduleimport pygamefrom pygame.locals import * # initiate pygame and give permission# to use pygame's functionality.pygame.init() # create the display surface object# of specific dimension.window = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 600)) # Fill the scree with white colorwindow.fill((255, 255, 255)) # Using draw.rect module of# pygame to draw the solid rectanglepygame.draw.rect(window, (0,   0, 255),                 [100, 100, 400, 100], 0) # Draws the surface object to the screen.pygame.display.update()
Output :
To draw a circle in your pygame project you can use draw.circle() function. The entire approach is the same as above only the function and parameters are changed accordingly.
Syntax : pygame.draw.circle(surface, color, center, radius, width)
Parameters :
surface :- Here we can pass the surface on which we want to draw our circle. In the above example, we created a surface object named ‘window’.
color :- Here we can pass the color for our circle. We are using green color in our example.
center :- Here we can pass the ( x, y ) coordinates for the center of the circle.
radius :- Here we can pass the radius of our circle.
width :- Here we can pass the line thickness. we can also create a solid circle by changing the value of this width parameter. So let’s look at that.
Example 1: Drawing a hollow circle.
Python3
# Importing pygame moduleimport pygamefrom pygame.locals import * # initiate pygame and give permission# to use pygame's functionality.pygame.init() # create the display surface object# of specific dimension.window = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 600)) # Fill the scree with white colorwindow.fill((255, 255, 255)) # Using draw.rect module of# pygame to draw the solid circlepygame.draw.circle(window, (0, 255, 0),                   [300, 300], 170, 3) # Draws the surface object to the screen.pygame.display.update()
Output :
We can create a solid circle by setting the width parameter equal to 0. 
Example 2: drawing a solid circle
Python3
# Importing pygame moduleimport pygamefrom pygame.locals import * # initiate pygame and give permission# to use pygame's functionality.pygame.init() # create the display surface object# of specific dimension.window = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 600)) # Fill the scree with white colorwindow.fill((255, 255, 255)) # Using draw.rect module of# pygame to draw the solid circlepygame.draw.circle(window, (0, 255, 0),                   [300, 300], 170, 0) # Draws the surface object to the screen.pygame.display.update()
Output :
Similarly, you can draw other basic shapes using the draw module of pygame. 
The desired polygon can be drawn using polygon() function. 
Syntax: polygon(surface, color, points, width)
Again the approach remains the same only the function and the parameters change.
Example 1: drawing a solid polygon
Python3
# Importing pygame moduleimport pygamefrom pygame.locals import * # initiate pygame and give permission# to use pygame's functionality.pygame.init() # create the display surface object# of specific dimension.window = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 600)) # Fill the scree with white colorwindow.fill((255, 255, 255)) # Using draw.rect module of# pygame to draw the outlined polygonpygame.draw.polygon(window, (255, 0, 0),                    [[300, 300], [100, 400],                     [100, 300]]) # Draws the surface object to the screen.pygame.display.update()
Output :
Example 2: Drawing a hollow polygon
Python3
# Importing pygame moduleimport pygamefrom pygame.locals import * # initiate pygame and give permission# to use pygame's functionality.pygame.init() # create the display surface object# of specific dimension.window = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 600)) # Fill the scree with white colorwindow.fill((255, 255, 255)) # Using draw.rect module of# pygame to draw the outlined polygonpygame.draw.polygon(window, (255, 0, 0),                    [[300, 300], [100, 400],                     [100, 300]], 5) # Draws the surface object to the screen.pygame.display.update()
Output:
A line is the most basic drawing entity and can be drawn in pygame using line() function.
Syntax : pygame.draw.line(surface, color, start_pos, end_pos, width)
Example 1: drawing a line
Python3
# Importing pygame moduleimport pygamefrom pygame.locals import * # initiate pygame and give permission# to use pygame's functionality.pygame.init() # create the display surface object# of specific dimension.window = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 600)) # Fill the scree with white colorwindow.fill((255, 255, 255)) # Using draw.rect module of# pygame to draw the linepygame.draw.line(window, (0, 0, 0),                 [100, 300],                 [500, 300], 5) # Draws the surface object to the screen.pygame.display.update()
Output:
You can draw multiple shapes on the same surface object. For that, the first required modules are imported and pygame is initialized. Now, create the surface object of a specific dimension using the display.set_mode() method of pygame. Fill the background of the surface object with white color using the fill() function of pygame. Create required shapes are described above. Update the Surface object
Example 1: Drawing a circle inside a rectangle.
Python3
# Importing pygame moduleimport pygamefrom pygame.locals import * # initiate pygame and give permission# to use pygame's functionality.pygame.init() # create the display surface object# of specific dimension.window = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 600)) # Fill the scree with white colorwindow.fill((255, 255, 255)) # Using draw.rect module of# pygame to draw the rectanglepygame.draw.rect(window, (0, 0, 255),                 [50, 200, 500, 200]) # Using draw.rect module of# pygame to draw the circle inside the rectanglepygame.draw.circle(window, (0, 255, 0),                   [300, 300], 100) # Draws the surface object to the screen.pygame.display.update()
Output:
Example 2: Drawing rectangles inside one another.
Python3
# Importing pygame moduleimport pygamefrom pygame.locals import * # initiate pygame and give permission# to use pygame's functionality.pygame.init() # create the display surface object# of specific dimension.window = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 600)) # Fill the scree with white colorwindow.fill((255, 255, 255)) # Creating a list of different rectsrectangle_list = [pygame.Rect(50, 100, 500, 200),                  pygame.Rect(70, 120, 460, 160),                  pygame.Rect(90, 140, 420, 120),                  pygame.Rect(110, 160, 380, 80),                  pygame.Rect(130, 180, 340, 40)                  ] # Creating list of different colorscolor_list = [(0,   0,   0),              (255, 255, 255),              (0,   0, 255),              (0, 255,   0),              (255,   0,   0)              ] # Creating a variable which we will use# to iterate over the color_listcolor_var = 0 # Iterating over the rectangle_list using# for loopfor rectangle in rectangle_list:     # Drawing the rectangle    # using the draw.rect() method    pygame.draw.rect(window, color_list[color_var],                     rectangle)     # Increasing the value of color_var    # by 1 after every iteration    color_var += 1 # Draws the surface object to the screen.pygame.display.update()
Output :
You can easily create your own specialized drawing functions in pygame. 
This can be done by following the given procedure. Create a drawing function that will take starting position, width, and height as parameters. Draw required shapes are described above. Call the drawfunction()
Python3
# Importing pygame moduleimport pygamefrom pygame.locals import * # Creating Drawing function  def drawingfunction(x, y, width, height):     # Creating rectangle using the draw.rect() method    pygame.draw.rect(window, (0, 0, 255), [x, y, width, height])     # Calculation the center of the circle    circle_x = width/2 + x    circle_y = height/2 + y     # Calculating the radius of the circle    if height < width:        radius = height/2    else:        radius = width/2     # Drawing the circle    pygame.draw.circle(window, (0, 255, 0), [circle_x, circle_y], radius)  # initiate pygame and give permission# to use pygame's functionality.pygame.init() # create the display surface object# of specific dimension.window = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 600)) # Fill the scree with white colorwindow.fill((255, 255, 255)) # Calling the drawing functiondrawingfunction(50, 200, 500, 200) # Draws the surface object to the screen.pygame.display.update()
Output:
Now let’s see how we can create shapes whenever the user clicks the mouse. We are going to create circles in the next example but you can create any shape you want.
Create a list to store the position of the shape to be drawn. Create a variable to store the color of the shape. Create a variable which we will use to run the while loop and Create a while loop. Iterate over all the events received from pygame.event.get(). If the type of the event is quit then setting the run variable to false. If the type of the event is MOUSEBUTTONDOWN ( this event occurs when a user presses the mouse button) then getting the current position in a variable then appending that position in our circle_positions list. Iterate over all the positions in of the array created using a for a loop. Keep drawing the shape. Update the surface object.
Python3
# Importing pygame moduleimport pygamefrom pygame.locals import * # initiate pygame and give permission# to use pygame's functionality.pygame.init() # create the display surface object# of specific dimension.window = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 600)) # Fill the scree with white colorwindow.fill((255, 255, 255)) # creating list in which we will store# the position of the circlecircle_positions = [] # radius of the circlecircle_radius = 60 # Color of the circlecolor = (0, 0, 255) # Creating a variable which we will use# to run the while looprun = True # Creating a while loopwhile run:     # Iterating over all the events received from    # pygame.event.get()    for event in pygame.event.get():         # If the type of the event is quit        # then setting the run variable to false        if event.type == QUIT:            run = False         # if the type of the event is MOUSEBUTTONDOWN        # then storing the current position        elif event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:            position = event.pos            circle_positions.append(position)                 # Using for loop to iterate    # over the circle_positions    # list    for position in circle_positions:         # Drawing the circle        pygame.draw.circle(window, color, position,                           circle_radius)     # Draws the surface object to the screen.    pygame.display.update()
Output:
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