m-Way Search Tree | Set-2 | Insertion and Deletion

20 Jun, 2022
The insertion in an m-Way search tree is similar to binary trees but there should be no more than m-1 elements in a node. If the node is full then a child node will be created to insert the further elements. Let us see the example given below to insert an element in an m-Way search tree.Example:  
To insert a new element into an m-Way search tree we proceed in the same way as one would in order to search for the element
To insert 6 into the 5-Way search tree shown in the figure, we proceed to search for 6 and find that we fall off the tree at the node [7, 12] with the first child node showing a null pointer
Since the node has only two keys and a 5-Way search tree can accommodate up to 4 keys in a node, 6 is inserted into the node like [6, 7, 12]
But to insert 146, the node [148, 151, 172, 186] is already full, hence we open a new child node and insert 146 into it. Both these insertions have been illustrated below
 
 
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// Inserts a value in the m-Way treestruct node* insert(int val,                    struct node* root){    int i;    struct node *c, *n;    int flag;     // Function setval() is called which    // returns a value 0 if the new value    // is inserted in the tree, otherwise    // it returns a value 1    flag = setval(val, root, &i, &c);     if (flag) {        n = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));        n->count = 1;        n->value[1] = i;        n->child[0] = root;        n->child[1] = c;        return n;    }    return root;}
// Inserts a value in the m-Way treestruct node* insert(int val,                    struct node* root){    int i;    struct node *c, *n;    int flag;     // Function setval() is called which    // returns a value 0 if the new value    // is inserted in the tree, otherwise    // it returns a value 1    flag = setval(val, root, &i, &c);     if (flag) {        n = new node();        n->count = 1;        n->value[1] = i;        n->child[0] = root;        n->child[1] = c;        return n;    }    return root;}
// Inserts a value in the m-Way treepublic node insert(int val, node root){    int i;    node c, n;    int flag;       // Function setval() is called which    // returns a value 0 if the new value    // is inserted in the tree, otherwise    // it returns a value 1    flag = setval(val, root, i, c);     if (flag) {        n = new node();        n.count = 1;        n.value[1] = i;        n.child[0] = root;        n.child[1] = c;        return n;    }    return root;} // This code is contributed by Tapesh(tapeshdua420)
# Inserts a value in the m-Way treedef insert(val, root):    # Function setval() is called which    # returns a value 0 if the new value    # is inserted in the tree, otherwise    # it returns a value 1    i,c=0,None    flag = setval(val, root, i, c)     if (flag) :        n = node()        n.count = 1        n.value[1] = i        n.child[0] = root        n.child[1] = c        return n         return root
insert():  
The function insert() receives two parameters-the address of the new node and the value that is inserted
This function calls a function setval() which returns a value 0 if the new value is inserted in the tree, otherwise it returns a value 1
If it returns 1 then memory is allocated for new node, the variable count is assigned a value 1 and the new value is inserted in the node
Then the addresses of the child nodes are stored in child pointers and finally the address of the node is returned
 
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// Sets the value in the nodeint setval(int val,           struct node* n,           int* p,           struct node** c){    int k;     // if node is null    if (n == NULL) {        *p = val;        *c = NULL;        return 1;    }    else {         // Checks whether the value to be        // inserted is present or not        if (searchnode(val, n, &k))            cout << "Key value already exists\n";         // The if-else condition checks whether        // the number of nodes is greater or less        // than the maximum number. If it is less        // then it inserts the new value in the        // same level node, otherwise, it splits the        // node and then inserts the value        if (setval(val, n->child[k], p, c)) {             // if the count is less than the max            if (n->count < MAX) {                fillnode(*p, *c, n, k);                return 0;            }            else {                 // Insert by splitting                split(*p, *c, n, k, p, c);                return 1;            }        }        return 0;    }}
// Sets the value in the nodeint setval(int val,           struct node* n,           int* p,           struct node** c){    int k;     // if node is null    if (n == NULL) {        *p = val;        *c = NULL;        return 1;    }    else {         // Checks whether the value to be        // inserted is present or not        if (searchnode(val, n, &k))            printf("Key value already exists\n");         // The if-else condition checks whether        // the number of nodes is greater or less        // than the maximum number. If it is less        // then it inserts the new value in the        // same level node, otherwise, it splits the        // node and then inserts the value        if (setval(val, n->child[k], p, c)) {             // if the count is less than the max            if (n->count < MAX) {                fillnode(*p, *c, n, k);                return 0;            }            else {                 // Insert by splitting                split(*p, *c, n, k, p, c);                return 1;            }        }        return 0;    }}
# Sets the value in the nodedef setval(val, n, p, c):    k=0     # if node is None    if (n == None) :        p = val        c = None        return 1         else :         # Checks whether the value to be        # inserted is present or not        if (searchnode(val, n, k)):            print("Key value already exists")         # The if-else condition checks whether        # the number of nodes is greater or less        # than the maximum number. If it is less        # then it inserts the new value in the        # same level node, otherwise, it splits the        # node and then inserts the value        if (setval(val, n.child[k], p, c)) :             # if the count is less than the max            if (n.count < MAX) :                fillnode(p, c, n, k)                return 0                         else :                 # Insert by splitting                split(p, c, n, k, p, c)                return 1                              return 0
setval():  
The function setval() receives four parameters The first argument is the value that is to be insertedThe second argument is the address of the nodeThe third argument is an integer pointer that points to a local flag variable defined in the function insert()The last argument is a pointer to pointer to the child node that will be set in a function called from this function
The first argument is the value that is to be inserted
The second argument is the address of the node
The third argument is an integer pointer that points to a local flag variable defined in the function insert()
The last argument is a pointer to pointer to the child node that will be set in a function called from this function
The function setval() returns a flag value that indicates whether the value is inserted or not
If the node is empty then this function calls a function searchnode() that checks whether the value already exists in the tree
If the value already exists then a suitable message is displayed
Then a recursive call is made to the function setval() for the child of the node
If this time the function returns a value 1 it means the value is not inserted
Then a condition is checked whether the node is full or not
If the node is not full then a function fillnode() is called that fills the value in the node hence at this point a value 0 is returned
If the node is full then a function split() called that splits the existing node. At this point, a value 1 is returned to add the current value to the new node
 
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// Adjusts the value of the nodevoid fillnode(int val,              struct node* c,              struct node* n,              int k){    int i;     // Shifting the node by one position    for (i = n->count; i > k; i--) {        n->value[i + 1] = n->value[i];        n->child[i + 1] = n->child[i];    }    n->value[k + 1] = val;    n->child[k + 1] = c;    n->count++;}
// Adjusts the value of the nodevoid fillnode(int val,              struct node* c,              struct node* n,              int k){    int i;     // Shifting the node by one position    for (i = n->count; i > k; i--) {        n->value[i + 1] = n->value[i];        n->child[i + 1] = n->child[i];    }    n->value[k + 1] = val;    n->child[k + 1] = c;    n->count++;}
# Adjusts the value of the nodedef fillnode(val, c, n, k):    i=0     # Shifting the node by one position    for i in range(n.count, k, -1):        n.value[i + 1] = n.value[i]        n.child[i + 1] = n.child[i]         n.value[k + 1] = val    n.child[k + 1] = c    n.count+=1
fillnode():  
The function fillnode() receives four parameters The first is the value that is to be insertedThe second is the address of the child node of the new value that is to be insertedThe third is the address of the node in which the new value is to be insertedThe last parameter is the position of the node where the new value is to be inserted
The first is the value that is to be inserted
The second is the address of the child node of the new value that is to be inserted
The third is the address of the node in which the new value is to be inserted
The last parameter is the position of the node where the new value is to be inserted
 
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// Splits the nodevoid split(int val,           struct node* c,           struct node* n,           int k, int* y,           struct node** newnode){    int i, mid;    if (k <= MIN)        mid = MIN;    else        mid = MIN + 1;     // Allocating the memory for a new node    *newnode = new node();     for (i = mid + 1; i <= MAX; i++) {        (*newnode)->value[i - mid] = n->value[i];        (*newnode)->child[i - mid] = n->child[i];    }     (*newnode)->count = MAX - mid;    n->count = mid;     // it checks whether the new value    // that is to be inserted is inserted    // at a position less than or equal    // to minimum values required in a node    if (k <= MIN)        fillnode(val, c, n, k);    else        fillnode(val, c, *newnode, k - mid);     *y = n->value[n->count];    (*newnode)->child[0] = n->child[n->count];    n->count--;}
// Splits the nodevoid split(int val,           struct node* c,           struct node* n,           int k, int* y,           struct node** newnode){    int i, mid;    if (k <= MIN)        mid = MIN;    else        mid = MIN + 1;     // Allocating the memory for a new node    *newnode = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));     for (i = mid + 1; i <= MAX; i++) {        (*newnode)->value[i - mid] = n->value[i];        (*newnode)->child[i - mid] = n->child[i];    }     (*newnode)->count = MAX - mid;    n->count = mid;     // it checks whether the new value    // that is to be inserted is inserted    // at a position less than or equal    // to minimum values required in a node    if (k <= MIN)        fillnode(val, c, n, k);    else        fillnode(val, c, *newnode, k - mid);     *y = n->value[n->count];    (*newnode)->child[0] = n->child[n->count];    n->count--;}
# Splits the nodedef split(val, c, n, k, y, newnode):    i, mid=0,0    if (k <= MIN):        mid = MIN    else:        mid = MIN + 1     # Allocating the memory for a new node    newnode = node()     for i in range(mid + 1,MAX+1) :        newnode.value[i - mid] = n.value[i]        newnode.child[i - mid] = n.child[i]          newnode.count = MAX - mid    n.count = mid     # it checks whether the new value    # that is to be inserted is inserted    # at a position less than or equal    # to minimum values required in a node    if (k <= MIN):        fillnode(val, c, n, k)    else:        fillnode(val, c, newnode, k - mid)     y = n.value[n.count]    newnode.child[0] = n.child[n.count]    n.count-=1
split():  
The function split() receives six parametersThe first four parameters are exactly the same as in the case of function fillnode()The fifth parameter is a pointer to variable that holds the value from where the node is splitThe last parameter is a pointer to pointer of the new node created at the time of split
The first four parameters are exactly the same as in the case of function fillnode()
The fifth parameter is a pointer to variable that holds the value from where the node is split
The last parameter is a pointer to pointer of the new node created at the time of split
In this function firstly it is checked whether the new value that is to be inserted is inserted at a position less than or equal to minimum values required in a node
If the condition is satisfied then the node is split at the position MIN
Otherwise, the node is split at one position more than MIN
Then dynamically memory is allocated for a new node
Next, a for loop is executed which copies into the new node the values and children that occur on the right side of the value from where the node is split
 
Let K be a key to be deleted from the m-Way search tree. To delete the key we proceed as one would to search for the key. Let the node accommodating the key be as illustrated below.  
Approach: There are several cases for deletion  
If (Ai = Aj = NULL) then delete K
If (Ai != NULL, Aj = NULL) then choose the largest of the key elements K’ in the child node pointed to by Ai, delete the key K’ and replace K by K’
Obviously deletion of K’ may call for subsequent replacements and therefore deletions in a similar manner, to enable the key K’ move up the tree
If (Ai = NULL, Aj != NULL) then choose the smallest of the key element K” from the sub-tree pointed to by Aj, delete K” and replace K by K”
Again deletion of K” may trigger subsequent replacements and deletions to enable K” move up the tree
If (Ai !=NULL, Aj != NULL) then choose either the largest of the key elements K’ in the sub-tree pointed to by Ai, or the smallest of the key elements K” from the sub-tree pointed to by Aj to replace K
As mentioned before, to move K’ or K” up the tree it may call for subsequent replacements and deletions
Example:  
To delete 151, we search for 151 and observe that in the leaf node [148, 151, 172, 186] where it is present, both its left sub-tree pointer and right sub-tree pointer are such that (Ai = Aj = NULL)
We therefore simply delete 151 and the node becomes [148, 172, 186]. Deletion of 92 also follows a similar process
To delete 262, we find its left and right sub-tree pointers Ai</sub and Aj respectively, are such that (Ai = Aj = NULL)
Hence we choose the smallest element 272 from the child node [272, 286, 350], delete 272 and replace 262 with 272. Note that, to delete 272 the deletion procedure needs to be observed again
To delete 12, we find the node [7, 12] accommodates 12 and the key satisfies (Ai != NULL, Aj = NULL)
Hence we choose the largest of the keys from the node pointed to by Ai, viz., 10 and replace 12 with 10. This deletion is illustrated below
 
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// Deletes value from the nodestruct node* del(int val,                 struct node* root){    struct node* temp;    if (!delhelp(val, root)) {        cout << '\n';        cout << "value %d not found.\n";    }    else {        if (root->count == 0) {            temp = root;            root = root->child[0];            free(temp);        }    }    return root;}
// Deletes value from the nodestruct node* del(int val,                 struct node* root){    struct node* temp;    if (!delhelp(val, root)) {        printf("\n");        printf("value %d not found.\n", val);    }    else {        if (root->count == 0) {            temp = root;            root = root->child[0];            free(temp);        }    }    return root;}
# Deletes value from the nodedef delete(val, root):    temp=None    if (not delhelp(val, root)) :        print()        print("value not found.")         else :        if (root.count == 0) :            temp = root            root = root.child[0]               return root
del():  
The function del() receives two parameters. First is the value that is to be deleted second is the address of the root node
This function calls another helper function delhelp() which returns value 0 if the deletion of the value is unsuccessful, 1 otherwise
Otherwise, a condition is checked whether the count is 0
If it is, then it indicates that the node from which the value is deleted is the last value
Hence, the first child of the node is itself made the node and the original node is deleted. Finally, the address of the new root node is returned
 
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// Helper function for del()int delhelp(int val,            struct node* root){    int i;    int flag;    if (root == NULL)        return 0;    else {         // Again searches for the node        flag = searchnode(val,                          root,                          &i);         // if flag is true        if (flag) {            if (root->child[i - 1]) {                copysucc(root, i);                // delhelp() is called recursively                flag = delhelp(root->value[i],                                root->child[i])                 if (!flag)                {                    cout << "\n";                    cout << "value %d not found.\n";                }            }            else                clear(root, i);        }        else {            // Recursion            flag = delhelp(val, root->child[i]);        }         if (root->child[i] != NULL) {            if (root->child[i]->count < MIN)                restore(root, i);        }        return flag;    }}
// Helper function for del()int delhelp(int val,            struct node* root){    int i;    int flag;    if (root == NULL)        return 0;    else {         // Again searches for the node        flag = searchnode(val,                          root,                          &i);         // if flag is true        if (flag) {            if (root->child[i - 1]) {                copysucc(root, i);                // delhelp() is called recursively                flag = delhelp(root->value[i],                                root->child[i])                 if (!flag)                {                    printf("\n");                    printf("value %d not found.\n", val);                }            }            else                clear(root, i);        }        else {            // Recursion            flag = delhelp(val, root->child[i]);        }         if (root->child[i] != NULL) {            if (root->child[i]->count < MIN)                restore(root, i);        }        return flag;    }}
# Helper function for del()def delhelp(val, root):    i,flag=None,None    if (root == None):        return 0    else :         # Again searches for the node        flag = searchnode(val,root,i)         # if flag is true        if (flag) :            if (root.child[i - 1]) :                copysucc(root, i)                # delhelp() is called recursively                flag = delhelp(root.value[i],                                root.child[i])                if (not flag):                    print()                    print("value not found.")                                          else:                clear(root, i)                 else :            # Recursion            flag = delhelp(val, root.child[i])                  if (root.child[i] != None) :            if (root.child[i].count < MIN):                restore(root, i)                 return flag
delhelp():  
The function delhelp() receives two parameters. First is the value to be deleted and the second is the address of the node from which it is to be deleted
Initially it is checked whether the node is NULL
If it is, then a value 0 is returned
Otherwise, a call to function searchnode() is made
If the value is found then another condition is checked to see whether there is any child to the value that is to be deleted
If so, the function copysucc() is called which copies the successor of the value to be deleted and then a recursive call is made to the function delhelp() for the value that is to be deleted and its child
If the child is empty then a call to function clear() is made which deletes the value
If the searchnode() function fails then a recursive call is made to function delhelp() by passing the address of the child
If the child of the node is not empty, then a function restore() is called to merge the child with its siblings
Finally the value of the flag is returned which is set as a returned value of the function searchnode()
 
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// Removes the value from the// node and adjusts the valuesvoid clear(struct node* m, int k){    int i;    for (i = k + 1; i <= m->count; i++) {        m->value[i - 1] = m->value[i];        m->child[i - 1] = m->child[i];    }    m->count--;}
// Removes the value from the// node and adjusts the valuesvoid clear(struct node* m, int k){    int i;    for (i = k + 1; i <= m->count; i++) {        m->value[i - 1] = m->value[i];        m->child[i - 1] = m->child[i];    }    m->count--;}
# Removes the value from the# node and adjusts the valuesdef clear(m, k):    for i in range(k + 1,m.count+1) :        m.value[i - 1] = m.value[i]        m.child[i - 1] = m.child[i]         m.count-=1
clear():  
The function clear() receives two parameters. First is the address of the node from which the value is to be deleted and second is the position of the value that is to be deleted
This function simply shifts the values one place to the left from the position where the value is to be deleted is present
 
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// Copies the successor of the// value that is to be deletedvoid copysucc(struct node* m, int i){    struct node* temp;    temp = p->child[i];    while (temp->child[0])        temp = temp->child[0];    p->value[i] = temp->value[i];}
// Copies the successor of the// value that is to be deletedvoid copysucc(struct node* m, int i){    struct node* temp;    temp = p->child[i];    while (temp->child[0])        temp = temp->child[0];    p->value[i] = temp->value[i];}
# Copies the successor of the# value that is to be deleteddef copysucc(m, i):    temp = p.child[i]    while (temp.child[0]):        temp = temp.child[0]    p.value[i] = temp.value[i]
copysucc() 
The function copysucc() receives two parameters. First is the address of the node where the successor is to be copied and second is the position of the value that is to be overwritten with its successor
 
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// Adjusts the nodevoid restore(struct node* m, int i){    if (i == 0) {        if (m->child[1]->count > MIN)            leftshift(m, 1);        else            merge(m, 1);    }    else {        if (i == m->count) {            if (m->child[i - 1]->count > MIN)                rightshift(m, i);            else                merge(m, i);        }        else {            if (m->child[i - 1]->count > MIN)                rightshift(m, i);            else {                if (m->child[i + 1]->count > MIN)                    leftshift(m, i + 1);                else                    merge(m, i);            }        }    }}
// Adjusts the nodevoid restore(struct node* m, int i){    if (i == 0) {        if (m->child[1]->count > MIN)            leftshift(m, 1);        else            merge(m, 1);    }    else {        if (i == m->count) {            if (m->child[i - 1]->count > MIN)                rightshift(m, i);            else                merge(m, i);        }        else {            if (m->child[i - 1]->count > MIN)                rightshift(m, i);            else {                if (m->child[i + 1]->count > MIN)                    leftshift(m, i + 1);                else                    merge(m, i);            }        }    }}
# Adjusts the nodedef restore(m, i):    if (i == 0):        if (m.child[1].count > MIN):            leftshift(m, 1)        else:            merge(m, 1)         else :        if (i == m.count) :            if (m.child[i - 1].count > MIN):                rightshift(m, i)            else:                merge(m, i)                 else :            if (m.child[i - 1].count > MIN):                rightshift(m, i)            else :                if (m.child[i + 1].count > MIN):                    leftshift(m, i + 1)                else:                    merge(m, i)
restore():  
The function restore() receives two parameters. First is the node that is to be restored and second is the position of the value from where the values are restored
If the second parameter is 0, then another condition is checked to find out whether the values present at the first child are more than the required minimum number of values
If so, then a function leftshift() is called by passing the address of the node and a value 1 signifying that the value of this node is to be shifted from the first value
If the condition is not satisfied then a function merge() is called for merging the two children of the node
 
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// Adjusts the values and children// while shifting the value from// parent to right childvoid rightshift(struct node* m, int k){    int i;    struct node* temp;     temp = m->child[k];     // Copying the nodes    for (i = temp->count; i > 0; i--) {        temp->value[i + 1] = temp->value[i];        temp->child[i + 1] = temp->child[i];    }    temp->child[1] = temp->child[0];    temp->count++;    temp->value[1] = m->value[k];     temp = m->child[k - 1];    m->value[k] = temp->value[temp->count];    m->child[k]->child[0]                = temp->child[temp->count];    temp->count--;} // Adjusts the values and children// while shifting the value from// parent to left childvoid leftshift(struct node* m, int k){    int i;    struct node* temp;     temp = m->child[k - 1];    temp->count++;    temp->value[temp->count] = m->value[k];    temp->child[temp->count]                   = m->child[k]->child[0];     temp = m->child[k];    m->value[k] = temp->value[1];    temp->child[0] = temp->child[1];    temp->count--;     for (i = 1; i <= temp->count; i++) {        temp->value[i] = temp->value[i + 1];        temp->child[i] = temp->child[i + 1];    }}
// Adjusts the values and children// while shifting the value from// parent to right childvoid rightshift(struct node* m, int k){    int i;    struct node* temp;     temp = m->child[k];     // Copying the nodes    for (i = temp->count; i > 0; i--) {        temp->value[i + 1] = temp->value[i];        temp->child[i + 1] = temp->child[i];    }    temp->child[1] = temp->child[0];    temp->count++;    temp->value[1] = m->value[k];     temp = m->child[k - 1];    m->value[k] = temp->value[temp->count];    m->child[k]->child[0]                = temp->child[temp->count];    temp->count--;} // Adjusts the values and children// while shifting the value from// parent to left childvoid leftshift(struct node* m, int k){    int i;    struct node* temp;     temp = m->child[k - 1];    temp->count++;    temp->value[temp->count] = m->value[k];    temp->child[temp->count]                   = m->child[k]->child[0];     temp = m->child[k];    m->value[k] = temp->value[1];    temp->child[0] = temp->child[1];    temp->count--;     for (i = 1; i <= temp->count; i++) {        temp->value[i] = temp->value[i + 1];        temp->child[i] = temp->child[i + 1];    }}
# Adjusts the values and children# while shifting the value from# parent to right childdef rightshift(m, k):    temp = m.child[k]     # Copying the nodes    for i in range(temp.count,0,-1) :        temp.value[i + 1] = temp.value[i]        temp.child[i + 1] = temp.child[i]         temp.child[1] = temp.child[0]    temp.count+=1    temp.value[1] = m.value[k]     temp = m.child[k - 1]    m.value[k] = temp.value[temp.count]    m.child[k].child[0] = temp.child[temp.count]    temp.count-=1     # Adjusts the values and children# while shifting the value from# parent to left childdef leftshift(m, k):     temp = m.child[k - 1]    temp.count+=1    temp.value[temp.count] = m.value[k]    temp.child[temp.count] = m.child[k].child[0]     temp = m.child[k]    m.value[k] = temp.value[1]    temp.child[0] = temp.child[1]    temp.count-=1     for i in range(1, temp.count+1):        temp.value[i] = temp.value[i + 1]        temp.child[i] = temp.child[i + 1]    
rightshift() and leftshift()  
The function rightshift() receives two parameters
First is the address of the node from where the value is shifted to its child and second is the position k of the value that is to be shifted
The function leftshift() are exactly same as that of function rightshift()
The function merge() receives two parameters. First is the address of the node from which the value is to copied to the child and second is the position of the value
 
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Python3
Java
// Merges two nodesvoid merge(struct node* m, int k){    int i;    struct node *temp1, *temp2;     temp1 = m->child[k];    temp2 = m->child[k - 1];    temp2->count++;    temp2->value[temp2->count] = m->value[k];    temp2->child[temp2->count] = m->child[0];     for (i = 0; i <= temp1->count; i++) {        temp2->count++;        temp2->value[temp2->count] = temp1->value[i];        temp2->child[temp2->count] = temp1->child[i];    }    for (i = k; i < m->count; i++) {        m->value[i] = m->value[i + 1];        m->child[i] = m->child[i + 1];    }    m->count--;    free(temp1);}
// Merges two nodesvoid merge(struct node* m, int k){    int i;    struct node *temp1, *temp2;     temp1 = m->child[k];    temp2 = m->child[k - 1];    temp2->count++;    temp2->value[temp2->count] = m->value[k];    temp2->child[temp2->count] = m->child[0];     for (i = 0; i <= temp1->count; i++) {        temp2->count++;        temp2->value[temp2->count] = temp1->value[i];        temp2->child[temp2->count] = temp1->child[i];    }    for (i = k; i < m->count; i++) {        m->value[i] = m->value[i + 1];        m->child[i] = m->child[i + 1];    }    m->count--;    free(temp1);}
# Merges two nodesdef merge(m, k):    temp1 = m.child[k]    temp2 = m.child[k - 1]    temp2.count+=1    temp2.value[temp2.count] = m.value[k]    temp2.child[temp2.count] = m.child[0]     for i in range(temp1.count+1):        temp2.count+=1        temp2.value[temp2.count] = temp1.value[i]        temp2.child[temp2.count] = temp1.child[i]         for i in range(k,m.count):        m.value[i] = m.value[i + 1]        m.child[i] = m.child[i + 1]         m.count-=1
void merge(Node m, int k){    int i;    Node temp1, temp2;     temp1 = m.child[k];    temp2 = m.child[k - 1];    temp2.count++;    temp2.value[temp2.count] = m.value[k];    temp2.child[temp2.count] = m.child[0];     for (i = 0; i <= temp1.count; i++) {        temp2.count++;        temp2.value[temp2.count] = temp1.value[i];        temp2.child[temp2.count] = temp1.child[i];    }    for (i = k; i < m.count; i++) {        m.value[i] = m.value[i + 1];        m.child[i] = m.child[i + 1];    }    m.count--;}
The function merge() receives two parameters
First is the address of the node from which the value is to be copied to the child and second is the position of the value
In this function, two temporary variables temp1 and temp2 are defined to hold the addresses of the two children of the value that is to be copied
Initially, the value of the node is copied to its child. Then the first child of the node is made the respective child of the node where the value is copied
Then two for loops are executed, out of which first copies all the values and children of one child to the other child
The second loop shifts the value and child of the node from where the value is copied
Then the count of the node from where the node is copied is decremented. Finally, the memory occupied by the second node is released by calling free()
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