Construct a DFA which accept the language L = {w | w ∈ {a,b}* and Na(w) mod 3 = Nb (w) mod 3} - GeeksforGeeks

02 Jul, 2019
Problem: Construct a deterministic finite automata (DFA) for accepting the language L = {w | w ∈ {a,b}* and Na(w) mod 3 = Nb (w) mod 3}.
Language L={w | Na(w) = Nb(w)mod 3} which means all string contain modulus of count of a’s equal to modulus of count of b’s by 3.
Examples:
Input: a a b b bOutput: NOT ACCEPTED// n = 2, m=3 (2 mod 3! = 3 mod 3)
Input: a a b bOutput: ACCEPTED// n = 2, m = 2 (2 mod 3 = 2 mod 3)
Input: b b bOutput: NOT ACCEPTED// n = 0, m = 3 ((0 mod 3 = 3 mod 3) <=> (0=0))
Approaches:
Construct FA for {w | w  {a, b}} and Na = 0 mod 3 means having a’s as a multiple of 3.Construct FA for {w | w  {a, b}} and Nb = 0 mod 3 means having b’s as a multiple of 3.Concatenate the two FA and make single DFA using Concatenation process in DFA.Making state as final state which accepts the equal modulus count for a’s and b’s.DFA State Transition Diagram:States 00, 11 and 22 leads to the acceptance of the string.Whereas states 01, 02, 10, 12, 20 and 21 leads to the rejection of the string.Let’s see code for the demonstration:C/C++JavaPython 3C#C/C++// C/C++ Program to construct a DFA which accept the language// L = { w | w is in {a, b}* and Na(w) mod 3 = Nb(w) mod 3}#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>  // dfa tells the number associated// string end in which state.int dfa = 0;  // This function is for// the starting state (00)of DFAvoid start(char c){    if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 10;    }    else if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 1;    }      // -1 is used to check for any invalid symbol    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  // This function is for the first state (01) of DFAvoid state01(char c){    if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 11;    }    else if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 2;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  // This function is for the second state (02) of DFAvoid state02(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 0;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 12;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  // This function is for the third state (10)of DFAvoid state10(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 11;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 20;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  // This function is for the forth state (11)of DFAvoid state11(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 12;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 21;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  void state12(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 10;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 22;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  void state20(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 21;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 0;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  void state21(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 22;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 1;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  void state22(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 20;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 2;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  int isAccepted(char str[]){    // store length of string    int i, len = strlen(str);      for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {        if (dfa == 0)            start(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 1)            state01(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 2)            state02(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 10)            state10(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 11)            state11(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 12)            state12(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 20)            state20(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 21)            state21(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 22)            state22(str[i]);          else            return 0;    }    if (dfa == 0 || dfa == 11 || dfa == 22)        return 1;    else        return 0;}  // driver codeint main(){    char str[] = "aaaabbbb";    if (isAccepted(str))        printf("ACCEPTED");    else        printf("NOT ACCEPTED");    return 0;}  // This code is contributed by SHUBHAMSINGH10.Java// Java  Program to construct a DFA which accept the language// L = { w | w is in {a, b}* and Na(w) mod 3 = Nb(w) mod 3}class GFG{// dfa tells the number associated// string end in which state.static int dfa = 0;   // This function is for// the starting state (00)of DFAstatic void start(char c){    if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 10;    }    else if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 1;    }       // -1 is used to check for any invalid symbol    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   // This function is for the first state (01) of DFAstatic void state01(char c){    if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 11;    }    else if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 2;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   // This function is for the second state (02) of DFAstatic void state02(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 0;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 12;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   // This function is for the third state (10)of DFAstatic void state10(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 11;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 20;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   // This function is for the forth state (11)of DFAstatic void state11(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 12;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 21;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   static void state12(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 10;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 22;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   static void state20(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 21;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 0;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   static void state21(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 22;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 1;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   static void state22(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 20;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 2;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   static boolean isAccepted(String st){    // store length of string    int i, len = st.length();    char[] str = st.toCharArray();    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {        if (dfa == 0)            start(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 1)            state01(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 2)            state02(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 10)            state10(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 11)            state11(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 12)            state12(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 20)            state20(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 21)            state21(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 22)            state22(str[i]);           else            return false;    }    if (dfa == 0 || dfa == 11 || dfa == 22)        return true;    else        return false;}   // driver codepublic static void main(String []args)    {    String str = "aaaabbbb";    if (isAccepted(str))        System.out.println("ACCEPTED");    else        System.out.println("NOT ACCEPTED");    }}  // This code contributed by Rajput-JiPython 3"""Python Program to construct a DFA which accept the language L =  {w | w belongs to {a, b}*}and Na(w)mod3 = Nb(w)mod 3"""    # This function is for # the starting state (00)of DFA def start( c):        if (c == 'a'):          dfa = 10            elif (c == 'b') :         dfa = 1                 #-1 is used to check for any invalid symbol     else:          dfa = -1    return dfa              # This function is for the first state (01) of DFA def state01( c):        if (c == 'a'):          dfa = 11            elif (c == 'b') :         dfa = 2            else:          dfa = -1    return dfa       # This function is for the second state (02) of DFA def state02( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 0            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 12          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa              # This function is for the third state (10)of DFA def state10( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 11            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 20          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa            # This function is for the forth state (11)of DFA def state11( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 12            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 21          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa            def state12( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 10            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 22          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa            def state20( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 21            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 0          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa           def state21( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 22            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 1          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa    def state22( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 20            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 2          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa           def isAccepted(str):        # store length of string     l = len(str)    # dfa tells the number associated      # with the present dfa = state      dfa = 0          for i in range(l):          if (dfa == 0) :            start(str[i])             elif (dfa == 1):             state01(str[i])             elif (dfa == 2) :            state02(str[i])             elif (dfa == 10) :            state10(str[i])             elif (dfa == 11) :            state11(str[i])                       elif (dfa == 12) :            state12(str[i])                   elif (dfa == 20) :            state20(str[i])             elif (dfa == 21) :            state21(str[i])             elif (dfa == 22) :            state22(str[i])                       else:            return 0            if (dfa == 0 or dfa == 11 or dfa == 22) :        return 1     else:        return 0        # Driver code   if __name__ == "__main__" :        string = "aaaabbbb"     if (isAccepted(string)) :        print("ACCEPTED")     else:        print("NOT ACCEPTED")      # This code is contributed by SHUBHAMSINGH10.C#// C# Program to construct a DFA which accept the language // L = { w | w is in {a, b}* and Na(w) mod 3 = Nb(w) mod 3} using System;  class GFG{   // DFA tells the number associated // string end in which state. static int dfa = 0;   // This function is for // the starting state (00)of DFA static void start(char c) {     if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 10;     }     else if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 1;     }       // -1 is used to check for any invalid symbol     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   // This function is for the first state (01) of DFA static void state01(char c) {     if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 11;     }     else if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 2;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   // This function is for the second state (02) of DFA static void state02(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 0;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 12;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   // This function is for the third state (10)of DFA static void state10(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 11;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 20;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   // This function is for the forth state (11)of DFA static void state11(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 12;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 21;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   static void state12(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 10;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 22;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   static void state20(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 21;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 0;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   static void state21(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 22;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 1;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   static void state22(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 20;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 2;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   static Boolean isAccepted(String st) {     // store length of string     int i, len = st.Length;     char[] str = st.ToCharArray();     for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {         if (dfa == 0)             start(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 1)             state01(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 2)             state02(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 10)             state10(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 11)             state11(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 12)             state12(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 20)             state20(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 21)             state21(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 22)             state22(str[i]);           else            return false;     }     if (dfa == 0 || dfa == 11 || dfa == 22)         return true;     else        return false; }   // Driver code public static void Main(String []args) {     String str = "aaaabbbb";     if (isAccepted(str))         Console.WriteLine("ACCEPTED");     else        Console.WriteLine("NOT ACCEPTED"); } }   // This code is contributed by 29AjayKumarOutput:ACCEPTEDMy Personal Notes
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Construct FA for {w | w  {a, b}} and Na = 0 mod 3 means having a’s as a multiple of 3.
Construct FA for {w | w  {a, b}} and Nb = 0 mod 3 means having b’s as a multiple of 3.
Concatenate the two FA and make single DFA using Concatenation process in DFA.
Making state as final state which accepts the equal modulus count for a’s and b’s.DFA State Transition Diagram:States 00, 11 and 22 leads to the acceptance of the string.Whereas states 01, 02, 10, 12, 20 and 21 leads to the rejection of the string.Let’s see code for the demonstration:C/C++JavaPython 3C#C/C++// C/C++ Program to construct a DFA which accept the language// L = { w | w is in {a, b}* and Na(w) mod 3 = Nb(w) mod 3}#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>  // dfa tells the number associated// string end in which state.int dfa = 0;  // This function is for// the starting state (00)of DFAvoid start(char c){    if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 10;    }    else if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 1;    }      // -1 is used to check for any invalid symbol    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  // This function is for the first state (01) of DFAvoid state01(char c){    if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 11;    }    else if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 2;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  // This function is for the second state (02) of DFAvoid state02(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 0;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 12;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  // This function is for the third state (10)of DFAvoid state10(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 11;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 20;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  // This function is for the forth state (11)of DFAvoid state11(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 12;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 21;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  void state12(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 10;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 22;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  void state20(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 21;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 0;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  void state21(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 22;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 1;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  void state22(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 20;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 2;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  int isAccepted(char str[]){    // store length of string    int i, len = strlen(str);      for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {        if (dfa == 0)            start(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 1)            state01(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 2)            state02(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 10)            state10(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 11)            state11(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 12)            state12(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 20)            state20(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 21)            state21(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 22)            state22(str[i]);          else            return 0;    }    if (dfa == 0 || dfa == 11 || dfa == 22)        return 1;    else        return 0;}  // driver codeint main(){    char str[] = "aaaabbbb";    if (isAccepted(str))        printf("ACCEPTED");    else        printf("NOT ACCEPTED");    return 0;}  // This code is contributed by SHUBHAMSINGH10.Java// Java  Program to construct a DFA which accept the language// L = { w | w is in {a, b}* and Na(w) mod 3 = Nb(w) mod 3}class GFG{// dfa tells the number associated// string end in which state.static int dfa = 0;   // This function is for// the starting state (00)of DFAstatic void start(char c){    if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 10;    }    else if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 1;    }       // -1 is used to check for any invalid symbol    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   // This function is for the first state (01) of DFAstatic void state01(char c){    if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 11;    }    else if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 2;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   // This function is for the second state (02) of DFAstatic void state02(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 0;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 12;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   // This function is for the third state (10)of DFAstatic void state10(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 11;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 20;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   // This function is for the forth state (11)of DFAstatic void state11(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 12;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 21;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   static void state12(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 10;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 22;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   static void state20(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 21;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 0;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   static void state21(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 22;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 1;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   static void state22(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 20;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 2;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   static boolean isAccepted(String st){    // store length of string    int i, len = st.length();    char[] str = st.toCharArray();    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {        if (dfa == 0)            start(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 1)            state01(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 2)            state02(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 10)            state10(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 11)            state11(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 12)            state12(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 20)            state20(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 21)            state21(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 22)            state22(str[i]);           else            return false;    }    if (dfa == 0 || dfa == 11 || dfa == 22)        return true;    else        return false;}   // driver codepublic static void main(String []args)    {    String str = "aaaabbbb";    if (isAccepted(str))        System.out.println("ACCEPTED");    else        System.out.println("NOT ACCEPTED");    }}  // This code contributed by Rajput-JiPython 3"""Python Program to construct a DFA which accept the language L =  {w | w belongs to {a, b}*}and Na(w)mod3 = Nb(w)mod 3"""    # This function is for # the starting state (00)of DFA def start( c):        if (c == 'a'):          dfa = 10            elif (c == 'b') :         dfa = 1                 #-1 is used to check for any invalid symbol     else:          dfa = -1    return dfa              # This function is for the first state (01) of DFA def state01( c):        if (c == 'a'):          dfa = 11            elif (c == 'b') :         dfa = 2            else:          dfa = -1    return dfa       # This function is for the second state (02) of DFA def state02( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 0            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 12          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa              # This function is for the third state (10)of DFA def state10( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 11            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 20          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa            # This function is for the forth state (11)of DFA def state11( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 12            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 21          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa            def state12( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 10            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 22          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa            def state20( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 21            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 0          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa           def state21( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 22            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 1          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa    def state22( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 20            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 2          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa           def isAccepted(str):        # store length of string     l = len(str)    # dfa tells the number associated      # with the present dfa = state      dfa = 0          for i in range(l):          if (dfa == 0) :            start(str[i])             elif (dfa == 1):             state01(str[i])             elif (dfa == 2) :            state02(str[i])             elif (dfa == 10) :            state10(str[i])             elif (dfa == 11) :            state11(str[i])                       elif (dfa == 12) :            state12(str[i])                   elif (dfa == 20) :            state20(str[i])             elif (dfa == 21) :            state21(str[i])             elif (dfa == 22) :            state22(str[i])                       else:            return 0            if (dfa == 0 or dfa == 11 or dfa == 22) :        return 1     else:        return 0        # Driver code   if __name__ == "__main__" :        string = "aaaabbbb"     if (isAccepted(string)) :        print("ACCEPTED")     else:        print("NOT ACCEPTED")      # This code is contributed by SHUBHAMSINGH10.C#// C# Program to construct a DFA which accept the language // L = { w | w is in {a, b}* and Na(w) mod 3 = Nb(w) mod 3} using System;  class GFG{   // DFA tells the number associated // string end in which state. static int dfa = 0;   // This function is for // the starting state (00)of DFA static void start(char c) {     if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 10;     }     else if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 1;     }       // -1 is used to check for any invalid symbol     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   // This function is for the first state (01) of DFA static void state01(char c) {     if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 11;     }     else if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 2;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   // This function is for the second state (02) of DFA static void state02(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 0;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 12;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   // This function is for the third state (10)of DFA static void state10(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 11;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 20;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   // This function is for the forth state (11)of DFA static void state11(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 12;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 21;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   static void state12(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 10;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 22;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   static void state20(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 21;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 0;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   static void state21(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 22;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 1;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   static void state22(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 20;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 2;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   static Boolean isAccepted(String st) {     // store length of string     int i, len = st.Length;     char[] str = st.ToCharArray();     for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {         if (dfa == 0)             start(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 1)             state01(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 2)             state02(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 10)             state10(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 11)             state11(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 12)             state12(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 20)             state20(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 21)             state21(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 22)             state22(str[i]);           else            return false;     }     if (dfa == 0 || dfa == 11 || dfa == 22)         return true;     else        return false; }   // Driver code public static void Main(String []args) {     String str = "aaaabbbb";     if (isAccepted(str))         Console.WriteLine("ACCEPTED");     else        Console.WriteLine("NOT ACCEPTED"); } }   // This code is contributed by 29AjayKumarOutput:ACCEPTEDMy Personal Notes
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DFA State Transition Diagram:States 00, 11 and 22 leads to the acceptance of the string.Whereas states 01, 02, 10, 12, 20 and 21 leads to the rejection of the string.Let’s see code for the demonstration:C/C++JavaPython 3C#C/C++// C/C++ Program to construct a DFA which accept the language// L = { w | w is in {a, b}* and Na(w) mod 3 = Nb(w) mod 3}#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>  // dfa tells the number associated// string end in which state.int dfa = 0;  // This function is for// the starting state (00)of DFAvoid start(char c){    if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 10;    }    else if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 1;    }      // -1 is used to check for any invalid symbol    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  // This function is for the first state (01) of DFAvoid state01(char c){    if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 11;    }    else if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 2;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  // This function is for the second state (02) of DFAvoid state02(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 0;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 12;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  // This function is for the third state (10)of DFAvoid state10(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 11;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 20;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  // This function is for the forth state (11)of DFAvoid state11(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 12;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 21;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  void state12(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 10;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 22;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  void state20(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 21;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 0;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  void state21(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 22;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 1;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  void state22(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 20;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 2;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  int isAccepted(char str[]){    // store length of string    int i, len = strlen(str);      for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {        if (dfa == 0)            start(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 1)            state01(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 2)            state02(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 10)            state10(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 11)            state11(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 12)            state12(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 20)            state20(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 21)            state21(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 22)            state22(str[i]);          else            return 0;    }    if (dfa == 0 || dfa == 11 || dfa == 22)        return 1;    else        return 0;}  // driver codeint main(){    char str[] = "aaaabbbb";    if (isAccepted(str))        printf("ACCEPTED");    else        printf("NOT ACCEPTED");    return 0;}  // This code is contributed by SHUBHAMSINGH10.Java// Java  Program to construct a DFA which accept the language// L = { w | w is in {a, b}* and Na(w) mod 3 = Nb(w) mod 3}class GFG{// dfa tells the number associated// string end in which state.static int dfa = 0;   // This function is for// the starting state (00)of DFAstatic void start(char c){    if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 10;    }    else if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 1;    }       // -1 is used to check for any invalid symbol    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   // This function is for the first state (01) of DFAstatic void state01(char c){    if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 11;    }    else if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 2;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   // This function is for the second state (02) of DFAstatic void state02(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 0;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 12;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   // This function is for the third state (10)of DFAstatic void state10(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 11;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 20;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   // This function is for the forth state (11)of DFAstatic void state11(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 12;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 21;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   static void state12(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 10;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 22;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   static void state20(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 21;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 0;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   static void state21(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 22;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 1;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   static void state22(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 20;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 2;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   static boolean isAccepted(String st){    // store length of string    int i, len = st.length();    char[] str = st.toCharArray();    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {        if (dfa == 0)            start(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 1)            state01(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 2)            state02(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 10)            state10(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 11)            state11(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 12)            state12(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 20)            state20(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 21)            state21(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 22)            state22(str[i]);           else            return false;    }    if (dfa == 0 || dfa == 11 || dfa == 22)        return true;    else        return false;}   // driver codepublic static void main(String []args)    {    String str = "aaaabbbb";    if (isAccepted(str))        System.out.println("ACCEPTED");    else        System.out.println("NOT ACCEPTED");    }}  // This code contributed by Rajput-JiPython 3"""Python Program to construct a DFA which accept the language L =  {w | w belongs to {a, b}*}and Na(w)mod3 = Nb(w)mod 3"""    # This function is for # the starting state (00)of DFA def start( c):        if (c == 'a'):          dfa = 10            elif (c == 'b') :         dfa = 1                 #-1 is used to check for any invalid symbol     else:          dfa = -1    return dfa              # This function is for the first state (01) of DFA def state01( c):        if (c == 'a'):          dfa = 11            elif (c == 'b') :         dfa = 2            else:          dfa = -1    return dfa       # This function is for the second state (02) of DFA def state02( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 0            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 12          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa              # This function is for the third state (10)of DFA def state10( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 11            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 20          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa            # This function is for the forth state (11)of DFA def state11( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 12            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 21          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa            def state12( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 10            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 22          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa            def state20( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 21            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 0          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa           def state21( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 22            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 1          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa    def state22( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 20            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 2          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa           def isAccepted(str):        # store length of string     l = len(str)    # dfa tells the number associated      # with the present dfa = state      dfa = 0          for i in range(l):          if (dfa == 0) :            start(str[i])             elif (dfa == 1):             state01(str[i])             elif (dfa == 2) :            state02(str[i])             elif (dfa == 10) :            state10(str[i])             elif (dfa == 11) :            state11(str[i])                       elif (dfa == 12) :            state12(str[i])                   elif (dfa == 20) :            state20(str[i])             elif (dfa == 21) :            state21(str[i])             elif (dfa == 22) :            state22(str[i])                       else:            return 0            if (dfa == 0 or dfa == 11 or dfa == 22) :        return 1     else:        return 0        # Driver code   if __name__ == "__main__" :        string = "aaaabbbb"     if (isAccepted(string)) :        print("ACCEPTED")     else:        print("NOT ACCEPTED")      # This code is contributed by SHUBHAMSINGH10.C#// C# Program to construct a DFA which accept the language // L = { w | w is in {a, b}* and Na(w) mod 3 = Nb(w) mod 3} using System;  class GFG{   // DFA tells the number associated // string end in which state. static int dfa = 0;   // This function is for // the starting state (00)of DFA static void start(char c) {     if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 10;     }     else if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 1;     }       // -1 is used to check for any invalid symbol     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   // This function is for the first state (01) of DFA static void state01(char c) {     if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 11;     }     else if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 2;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   // This function is for the second state (02) of DFA static void state02(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 0;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 12;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   // This function is for the third state (10)of DFA static void state10(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 11;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 20;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   // This function is for the forth state (11)of DFA static void state11(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 12;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 21;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   static void state12(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 10;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 22;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   static void state20(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 21;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 0;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   static void state21(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 22;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 1;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   static void state22(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 20;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 2;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   static Boolean isAccepted(String st) {     // store length of string     int i, len = st.Length;     char[] str = st.ToCharArray();     for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {         if (dfa == 0)             start(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 1)             state01(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 2)             state02(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 10)             state10(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 11)             state11(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 12)             state12(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 20)             state20(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 21)             state21(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 22)             state22(str[i]);           else            return false;     }     if (dfa == 0 || dfa == 11 || dfa == 22)         return true;     else        return false; }   // Driver code public static void Main(String []args) {     String str = "aaaabbbb";     if (isAccepted(str))         Console.WriteLine("ACCEPTED");     else        Console.WriteLine("NOT ACCEPTED"); } }   // This code is contributed by 29AjayKumarOutput:ACCEPTEDMy Personal Notes
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DFA State Transition Diagram:
States 00, 11 and 22 leads to the acceptance of the string.Whereas states 01, 02, 10, 12, 20 and 21 leads to the rejection of the string.
Let’s see code for the demonstration:
C/C++
Java
Python 3
C#
// C/C++ Program to construct a DFA which accept the language// L = { w | w is in {a, b}* and Na(w) mod 3 = Nb(w) mod 3}#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>  // dfa tells the number associated// string end in which state.int dfa = 0;  // This function is for// the starting state (00)of DFAvoid start(char c){    if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 10;    }    else if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 1;    }      // -1 is used to check for any invalid symbol    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  // This function is for the first state (01) of DFAvoid state01(char c){    if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 11;    }    else if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 2;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  // This function is for the second state (02) of DFAvoid state02(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 0;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 12;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  // This function is for the third state (10)of DFAvoid state10(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 11;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 20;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  // This function is for the forth state (11)of DFAvoid state11(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 12;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 21;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  void state12(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 10;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 22;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  void state20(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 21;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 0;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  void state21(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 22;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 1;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  void state22(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 20;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 2;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}  int isAccepted(char str[]){    // store length of string    int i, len = strlen(str);      for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {        if (dfa == 0)            start(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 1)            state01(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 2)            state02(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 10)            state10(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 11)            state11(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 12)            state12(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 20)            state20(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 21)            state21(str[i]);          else if (dfa == 22)            state22(str[i]);          else            return 0;    }    if (dfa == 0 || dfa == 11 || dfa == 22)        return 1;    else        return 0;}  // driver codeint main(){    char str[] = "aaaabbbb";    if (isAccepted(str))        printf("ACCEPTED");    else        printf("NOT ACCEPTED");    return 0;}  // This code is contributed by SHUBHAMSINGH10.
// Java  Program to construct a DFA which accept the language// L = { w | w is in {a, b}* and Na(w) mod 3 = Nb(w) mod 3}class GFG{// dfa tells the number associated// string end in which state.static int dfa = 0;   // This function is for// the starting state (00)of DFAstatic void start(char c){    if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 10;    }    else if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 1;    }       // -1 is used to check for any invalid symbol    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   // This function is for the first state (01) of DFAstatic void state01(char c){    if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 11;    }    else if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 2;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   // This function is for the second state (02) of DFAstatic void state02(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 0;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 12;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   // This function is for the third state (10)of DFAstatic void state10(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 11;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 20;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   // This function is for the forth state (11)of DFAstatic void state11(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 12;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 21;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   static void state12(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 10;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 22;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   static void state20(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 21;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 0;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   static void state21(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 22;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 1;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   static void state22(char c){    if (c == 'b') {        dfa = 20;    }    else if (c == 'a') {        dfa = 2;    }    else {        dfa = -1;    }}   static boolean isAccepted(String st){    // store length of string    int i, len = st.length();    char[] str = st.toCharArray();    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {        if (dfa == 0)            start(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 1)            state01(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 2)            state02(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 10)            state10(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 11)            state11(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 12)            state12(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 20)            state20(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 21)            state21(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 22)            state22(str[i]);           else            return false;    }    if (dfa == 0 || dfa == 11 || dfa == 22)        return true;    else        return false;}   // driver codepublic static void main(String []args)    {    String str = "aaaabbbb";    if (isAccepted(str))        System.out.println("ACCEPTED");    else        System.out.println("NOT ACCEPTED");    }}  // This code contributed by Rajput-Ji
"""Python Program to construct a DFA which accept the language L =  {w | w belongs to {a, b}*}and Na(w)mod3 = Nb(w)mod 3"""    # This function is for # the starting state (00)of DFA def start( c):        if (c == 'a'):          dfa = 10            elif (c == 'b') :         dfa = 1                 #-1 is used to check for any invalid symbol     else:          dfa = -1    return dfa              # This function is for the first state (01) of DFA def state01( c):        if (c == 'a'):          dfa = 11            elif (c == 'b') :         dfa = 2            else:          dfa = -1    return dfa       # This function is for the second state (02) of DFA def state02( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 0            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 12          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa              # This function is for the third state (10)of DFA def state10( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 11            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 20          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa            # This function is for the forth state (11)of DFA def state11( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 12            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 21          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa            def state12( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 10            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 22          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa            def state20( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 21            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 0          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa           def state21( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 22            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 1          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa    def state22( c):        if (c == 'b') :         dfa = 20            elif(c =='a'):              dfa = 2          else:          dfa = -1    return dfa           def isAccepted(str):        # store length of string     l = len(str)    # dfa tells the number associated      # with the present dfa = state      dfa = 0          for i in range(l):          if (dfa == 0) :            start(str[i])             elif (dfa == 1):             state01(str[i])             elif (dfa == 2) :            state02(str[i])             elif (dfa == 10) :            state10(str[i])             elif (dfa == 11) :            state11(str[i])                       elif (dfa == 12) :            state12(str[i])                   elif (dfa == 20) :            state20(str[i])             elif (dfa == 21) :            state21(str[i])             elif (dfa == 22) :            state22(str[i])                       else:            return 0            if (dfa == 0 or dfa == 11 or dfa == 22) :        return 1     else:        return 0        # Driver code   if __name__ == "__main__" :        string = "aaaabbbb"     if (isAccepted(string)) :        print("ACCEPTED")     else:        print("NOT ACCEPTED")      # This code is contributed by SHUBHAMSINGH10.
// C# Program to construct a DFA which accept the language // L = { w | w is in {a, b}* and Na(w) mod 3 = Nb(w) mod 3} using System;  class GFG{   // DFA tells the number associated // string end in which state. static int dfa = 0;   // This function is for // the starting state (00)of DFA static void start(char c) {     if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 10;     }     else if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 1;     }       // -1 is used to check for any invalid symbol     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   // This function is for the first state (01) of DFA static void state01(char c) {     if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 11;     }     else if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 2;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   // This function is for the second state (02) of DFA static void state02(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 0;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 12;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   // This function is for the third state (10)of DFA static void state10(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 11;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 20;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   // This function is for the forth state (11)of DFA static void state11(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 12;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 21;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   static void state12(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 10;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 22;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   static void state20(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 21;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 0;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   static void state21(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 22;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 1;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   static void state22(char c) {     if (c == 'b') {         dfa = 20;     }     else if (c == 'a') {         dfa = 2;     }     else {         dfa = -1;     } }   static Boolean isAccepted(String st) {     // store length of string     int i, len = st.Length;     char[] str = st.ToCharArray();     for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {         if (dfa == 0)             start(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 1)             state01(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 2)             state02(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 10)             state10(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 11)             state11(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 12)             state12(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 20)             state20(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 21)             state21(str[i]);           else if (dfa == 22)             state22(str[i]);           else            return false;     }     if (dfa == 0 || dfa == 11 || dfa == 22)         return true;     else        return false; }   // Driver code public static void Main(String []args) {     String str = "aaaabbbb";     if (isAccepted(str))         Console.WriteLine("ACCEPTED");     else        Console.WriteLine("NOT ACCEPTED"); } }   // This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar
Output:
ACCEPTED
Rajput-Ji
29AjayKumar
GATE CS
Theory of Computation & Automata
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