Cocktail Sort - GeeksforGeeks

03 Mar, 2022
Cocktail Sort is a variation of Bubble sort. The Bubble sort algorithm always traverses elements from left and moves the largest element to its correct position in first iteration and second largest in second iteration and so on. Cocktail Sort traverses through a given array in both directions alternatively. Algorithm: Each iteration of the algorithm is broken up into 2 stages: 
The first stage loops through the array from left to right, just like the Bubble Sort. During the loop, adjacent items are compared and if value on the left is greater than the value on the right, then values are swapped. At the end of first iteration, largest number will reside at the end of the array.The second stage loops through the array in opposite direction- starting from the item just before the most recently sorted item, and moving back to the start of the array. Here also, adjacent items are compared and are swapped if required.
The first stage loops through the array from left to right, just like the Bubble Sort. During the loop, adjacent items are compared and if value on the left is greater than the value on the right, then values are swapped. At the end of first iteration, largest number will reside at the end of the array.
The second stage loops through the array in opposite direction- starting from the item just before the most recently sorted item, and moving back to the start of the array. Here also, adjacent items are compared and are swapped if required.
Example : 
Let us consider an example array (5 1 4 2 8 0 2)
First Forward Pass: (5 1 4 2 8 0 2) ? (1 5 4 2 8 0 2), Swap since 5 > 1 (1 5 4 2 8 0 2) ? (1 4 5 2 8 0 2), Swap since 5 > 4 (1 4 5 2 8 0 2) ? (1 4 2 5 8 0 2), Swap since 5 > 2 (1 4 2 5 8 0 2) ? (1 4 2 5 8 0 2) (1 4 2 5 8 0 2) ? (1 4 2 5 0 8 2), Swap since 8 > 0 (1 4 2 5 0 8 2) ? (1 4 2 5 0 2 8), Swap since 8 > 2After first forward pass, greatest element of the array will be present at the last index of array.First Backward Pass: (1 4 2 5 0 2 8) ? (1 4 2 5 0 2 8) (1 4 2 5 0 2 8) ? (1 4 2 0 5 2 8), Swap since 5 > 0 (1 4 2 0 5 2 8) ? (1 4 0 2 5 2 8), Swap since 2 > 0 (1 4 0 2 5 2 8) ? (1 0 4 2 5 2 8), Swap since 4 > 0 (1 0 4 2 5 2 8) ? (0 1 4 2 5 2 8), Swap since 1 > 0After first backward pass, smallest element of the array will be present at the first index of the array.Second Forward Pass: (0 1 4 2 5 2 8) ? (0 1 4 2 5 2 8) (0 1 4 2 5 2 8) ? (0 1 2 4 5 2 8), Swap since 4 > 2 (0 1 2 4 5 2 8) ? (0 1 2 4 5 2 8) (0 1 2 4 5 2 8) ? (0 1 2 4 2 5 8), Swap since 5 > 2Second Backward Pass: (0 1 2 4 2 5 8) ? (0 1 2 2 4 5 8), Swap since 4 > 2Now, the array is already sorted, but our algorithm doesn’t know if it is completed. The algorithm needs to complete this whole pass without any swap to know it is sorted. (0 1 2 2 4 5 8) ? (0 1 2 2 4 5 8) (0 1 2 2 4 5 8) ? (0 1 2 2 4 5 8)Below is the implementation of the above algorithm :
C++
Java
Python
C#
Javascript
// C++ implementation of Cocktail Sort#include <bits/stdc++.h>using namespace std; // Sorts array a[0..n-1] using Cocktail sortvoid CocktailSort(int a[], int n){    bool swapped = true;    int start = 0;    int end = n - 1;     while (swapped)    {        // reset the swapped flag on entering        // the loop, because it might be true from        // a previous iteration.        swapped = false;         // loop from left to right same as        // the bubble sort        for (int i = start; i < end; ++i)        {            if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {                swap(a[i], a[i + 1]);                swapped = true;            }        }         // if nothing moved, then array is sorted.        if (!swapped)            break;         // otherwise, reset the swapped flag so that it        // can be used in the next stage        swapped = false;         // move the end point back by one, because        // item at the end is in its rightful spot        --end;         // from right to left, doing the        // same comparison as in the previous stage        for (int i = end - 1; i >= start; --i)        {            if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {                swap(a[i], a[i + 1]);                swapped = true;            }        }         // increase the starting point, because        // the last stage would have moved the next        // smallest number to its rightful spot.        ++start;    }} /* Prints the array */void printArray(int a[], int n){    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)        printf("%d ", a[i]);    printf("\n");} // Driver codeint main(){    int a[] = { 5, 1, 4, 2, 8, 0, 2 };    int n = sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]);    CocktailSort(a, n);    printf("Sorted array :\n");    printArray(a, n);    return 0;}
// Java program for implementation of Cocktail Sortpublic class CocktailSort{    void cocktailSort(int a[])    {        boolean swapped = true;        int start = 0;        int end = a.length;         while (swapped == true)        {            // reset the swapped flag on entering the            // loop, because it might be true from a            // previous iteration.            swapped = false;             // loop from bottom to top same as            // the bubble sort            for (int i = start; i < end - 1; ++i)            {                if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {                    int temp = a[i];                    a[i] = a[i + 1];                    a[i + 1] = temp;                    swapped = true;                }            }             // if nothing moved, then array is sorted.            if (swapped == false)                break;             // otherwise, reset the swapped flag so that it            // can be used in the next stage            swapped = false;             // move the end point back by one, because            // item at the end is in its rightful spot            end = end - 1;             // from top to bottom, doing the            // same comparison as in the previous stage            for (int i = end - 1; i >= start; i--)            {                if (a[i] > a[i + 1])                {                    int temp = a[i];                    a[i] = a[i + 1];                    a[i + 1] = temp;                    swapped = true;                }            }             // increase the starting point, because            // the last stage would have moved the next            // smallest number to its rightful spot.            start = start + 1;        }    }     /* Prints the array */    void printArray(int a[])    {        int n = a.length;        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)            System.out.print(a[i] + " ");        System.out.println();    }     // Driver code    public static void main(String[] args)    {        CocktailSort ob = new CocktailSort();        int a[] = { 5, 1, 4, 2, 8, 0, 2 };        ob.cocktailSort(a);        System.out.println("Sorted array");        ob.printArray(a);    }}
# Python program for implementation of Cocktail Sort  def cocktailSort(a):    n = len(a)    swapped = True    start = 0    end = n-1    while (swapped == True):         # reset the swapped flag on entering the loop,        # because it might be true from a previous        # iteration.        swapped = False         # loop from left to right same as the bubble        # sort        for i in range(start, end):            if (a[i] > a[i + 1]):                a[i], a[i + 1] = a[i + 1], a[i]                swapped = True         # if nothing moved, then array is sorted.        if (swapped == False):            break         # otherwise, reset the swapped flag so that it        # can be used in the next stage        swapped = False         # move the end point back by one, because        # item at the end is in its rightful spot        end = end-1         # from right to left, doing the same        # comparison as in the previous stage        for i in range(end-1, start-1, -1):            if (a[i] > a[i + 1]):                a[i], a[i + 1] = a[i + 1], a[i]                swapped = True         # increase the starting point, because        # the last stage would have moved the next        # smallest number to its rightful spot.        start = start + 1  # Driver codea = [5, 1, 4, 2, 8, 0, 2]cocktailSort(a)print("Sorted array is:")for i in range(len(a)):    print("% d" % a[i])
// C# program for implementation of Cocktail Sortusing System; class GFG {     static void cocktailSort(int[] a)    {        bool swapped = true;        int start = 0;        int end = a.Length;         while (swapped == true) {             // reset the swapped flag on entering the            // loop, because it might be true from a            // previous iteration.            swapped = false;             // loop from bottom to top same as            // the bubble sort            for (int i = start; i < end - 1; ++i) {                if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {                    int temp = a[i];                    a[i] = a[i + 1];                    a[i + 1] = temp;                    swapped = true;                }            }             // if nothing moved, then array is sorted.            if (swapped == false)                break;             // otherwise, reset the swapped flag so that it            // can be used in the next stage            swapped = false;             // move the end point back by one, because            // item at the end is in its rightful spot            end = end - 1;             // from top to bottom, doing the            // same comparison as in the previous stage            for (int i = end - 1; i >= start; i--) {                if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {                    int temp = a[i];                    a[i] = a[i + 1];                    a[i + 1] = temp;                    swapped = true;                }            }             // increase the starting point, because            // the last stage would have moved the next            // smallest number to its rightful spot.            start = start + 1;        }    }     /* Prints the array */    static void printArray(int[] a)    {        int n = a.Length;        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)            Console.Write(a[i] + " ");        Console.WriteLine();    }     // Driver code    public static void Main()    {        int[] a = { 5, 1, 4, 2, 8, 0, 2 };        cocktailSort(a);        Console.WriteLine("Sorted array ");        printArray(a);    }} // This code is contributed by Sam007
<script>    // Javascript program for implementation of Cocktail Sort         function cocktailSort(a)    {        let swapped = true;        let start = 0;        let end = a.length;          while (swapped == true) {              // reset the swapped flag on entering the            // loop, because it might be true from a            // previous iteration.            swapped = false;              // loop from bottom to top same as            // the bubble sort            for (let i = start; i < end - 1; ++i) {                if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {                    let temp = a[i];                    a[i] = a[i + 1];                    a[i + 1] = temp;                    swapped = true;                }            }              // if nothing moved, then array is sorted.            if (swapped == false)                break;              // otherwise, reset the swapped flag so that it            // can be used in the next stage            swapped = false;              // move the end point back by one, because            // item at the end is in its rightful spot            end = end - 1;              // from top to bottom, doing the            // same comparison as in the previous stage            for (let i = end - 1; i >= start; i--) {                if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {                    let temp = a[i];                    a[i] = a[i + 1];                    a[i + 1] = temp;                    swapped = true;                }            }              // increase the starting point, because            // the last stage would have moved the next            // smallest number to its rightful spot.            start = start + 1;        }    }      /* Prints the array */    function printArray(a)    {        let n = a.length;        for (let i = 0; i < n; i++)            document.write(a[i] + " ");        document.write("</br>");    }         let a = [ 5, 1, 4, 2, 8, 0, 2 ];    cocktailSort(a);    document.write("Sorted array :" + "</br>");    printArray(a);         // This code is contributed by decode2207.</script>
Sorted array :
0 1 2 2 4 5 8 
Worst and Average Case Time Complexity: O(n*n). Best Case Time Complexity: O(n). Best case occurs when array is already sorted.Auxiliary Space: O(1)Sorting In Place: YesStable: YesComparison with Bubble Sort: Time complexities are same, but Cocktail performs better than Bubble Sort. Typically cocktail sort is less than two times faster than bubble sort. Consider the example (2, 3, 4, 5, 1). Bubble sort requires four traversals of array for this example, while Cocktail sort requires only two traversals. (Source Wiki)References: 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocktail_shaker_sort
http://will.thimbleby.net/algorithms/doku.php?id=cocktail_sort
http://www.programming-algorithms.net/article/40270/Shaker-sort
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