How to make Flappy Bird Game in Pygame?

31 Aug, 2021
In this article, we are going to see how to make a flappy bird game in Pygame.
We all are familiar with this game. In this game, the main objective of the player is to gain the maximum points by defending the bird from hurdles. Here, we will build our own Flappy Bird game using Python.
We will be using Pygame(a Python library) to create this Flappy Bird game. Pygame is an open-source library that is designed for making video games. it helps us to create fully functional games and multimedia programs in python.
First of all, You have to install the Pygame library using the command:-
pip install pygame
Step 1: In this first step, we have to import libraries.
After that, we have to set the height and width of the screen to which the game will be played. Now we have to define some images which we shall use in our game like pipes as hurdles, birds images, and also a background image of the flappy bird game.
Python3
# For generating random height of pipesimport random  import sys import pygamefrom pygame.locals import *   # Global Variables for the gamewindow_width = 600window_height = 499  # set height and width of windowwindow = pygame.display.set_mode((window_width, window_height))   elevation = window_height * 0.8game_images = {}      framepersecond = 32pipeimage = 'images/pipe.png'background_image = 'images/background.jpg'birdplayer_image = '/images/bird.png'sealevel_image = '/images/base.jfif'
Step 2: After declaring game variables and importing libraries we have to initialize the Pygame 
The used file can be downloaded from here.
Initialize the program using pygame.init() and set the caption of the window. Here pygame.time.Clock() will be used further in the main loop of the game to alter the speed the bird. Load the images from the system in pygame using pygame.image.load().
Python3
# program where the game startsif __name__ == "__main__":                    # For initializing modules of pygame library    pygame.init()      framepersecond_clock = pygame.time.Clock()          # Sets the title on top of game window    pygame.display.set_caption('Flappy Bird Game')            # Load all the images which we will use in the game    # images for displaying score    game_images['scoreimages'] = (        pygame.image.load('images/0.png').convert_alpha(),        pygame.image.load('images/1.png').convert_alpha(),        pygame.image.load('images/2.png').convert_alpha(),        pygame.image.load('images/3.png').convert_alpha(),        pygame.image.load('images/4.png').convert_alpha(),                pygame.image.load('images/5.png').convert_alpha(),        pygame.image.load('images/6.png').convert_alpha(),        pygame.image.load('images/7.png').convert_alpha(),        pygame.image.load('images/8.png').convert_alpha(),        pygame.image.load('images/9.png').convert_alpha()    )    game_images['flappybird'] = pygame.image.load(birdplayer_image).convert_alpha()                      game_images['sea_level'] = pygame.image.load(sealevel_image).convert_alpha()    game_images['background'] = pygame.image.load(background_image).convert_alpha()    game_images['pipeimage'] = (pygame.transform.rotate(pygame.image.load(pipeimage)                                                        .convert_alpha(),                                                        180),                                pygame.image.load(pipeimage).convert_alpha())      print("WELCOME TO THE FLAPPY BIRD GAME")    print("Press space or enter to start the game")
Step 3: Initialize the position of the bird and starting the game loop
Initialize the position of bird and sea level to the ground. Adding conditions in the loop defines the game conditions. The variable horizontal and vertical is used to set the position of the bird. We have to run the program until the user stops or exits (using sys.exit())if the program so, we create an infinite while loop.
Python3
while True:          # sets the coordinates of flappy bird        horizontal = int(window_width/5)        vertical = int((window_height - game_images['flappybird'].get_height())/2)                  # for selevel        ground = 0          while True:            for event in pygame.event.get():                  # if user clicks on cross button, close the game                if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE):                    pygame.quit()                                          # Exit the program                    sys.exit()                     # If the user presses space or up key,                # start the game for them                elif event.type == KEYDOWN and (event.key == K_SPACE or event.key == K_UP):                    flappygame()                                  # if user doesn't press anykey Nothing happen                else:                    window.blit(game_images['background'], (0, 0))                    window.blit(game_images['flappybird'], (horizontal, vertical))                    window.blit(game_images['sea_level'], (ground, elevation))                                          # Just Refresh the screen                    pygame.display.update()                                                  # set the rate of frame per second                    framepersecond_clock.tick(framepersecond)
Step 4: Create a function that generates a new pipe of random height
First of all, we have to fetch the height of the pipe using getheight() function. After this generates a random number between 0 to a number (such that the height of the pipe should be adjustable to our window height). After that, we create a list of dictionaries that contains coordinates of upper and lower pipes and return it.
Python3
def createPipe():    offset = window_height/3    pipeHeight = game_images['pipeimage'][0].get_height()          # generating random height of pipes    y2 = offset + random.randrange(      0, int(window_height - game_images['sea_level'].get_height() - 1.2 * offset))      pipeX = window_width + 10    y1 = pipeHeight - y2 + offset    pipe = [                # upper Pipe        {'x': pipeX, 'y': -y1},                  # lower Pipe        {'x': pipeX, 'y': y2}      ]    return pipe
Step 5: Now we create a GameOver() function which represents whether the bird has hit the pipes or fall into the sea.
According to my thought, three conditions lead to a situation of the game over. if the difference between our elevation and a certain height is less than vertical it means the bird has crossed its boundaries resulting in a game over and if the bird hits any of the lower and upper pip then this will also lead to game over condition.
Python3
# Checking if bird is above the sealevel.def isGameOver(horizontal, vertical, up_pipes, down_pipes):    if vertical > elevation - 25 or vertical < 0:         return True      # Checking if bird hits the upper pipe or not    for pipe in up_pipes:            pipeHeight = game_images['pipeimage'][0].get_height()        if(vertical < pipeHeight + pipe['y']            and abs(horizontal - pipe['x']) < game_images['pipeimage'][0].get_width()):            return True                # Checking if bird hits the lower pipe or not    for pipe in down_pipes:        if (vertical + game_images['flappybird'].get_height() > pipe['y'])         and abs(horizontal - pipe['x']) < game_images['pipeimage'][0].get_width():            return True    return False
Step 6:  Now we will be creating our main function (flappygame()) that will do the following things:
Initialize the variables and creating two pipes by createPipe() function. Create two lists first is of lower pipes and the other is of lower pipes. Defining the bird velocity, minimum bird velocity, maximum bird velocity, and pipes velocity. Handle the key events using pygame.event.get() and checking for the game is over or not if it is over return from the function. Updating the score and blit game images such as background, pipe, and bird on the window.
Python3
def flappygame():    your_score = 0    horizontal = int(window_width/5)    vertical = int(window_width/2)    ground = 0    mytempheight = 100      # Generating two pipes for blitting on window    first_pipe = createPipe()    second_pipe = createPipe()      # List containing lower pipes    down_pipes = [        {'x': window_width+300-mytempheight,         'y': first_pipe[1]['y']},        {'x': window_width+300-mytempheight+(window_width/2),         'y': second_pipe[1]['y']},    ]      # List Containing upper pipes     up_pipes = [        {'x': window_width+300-mytempheight,         'y': first_pipe[0]['y']},        {'x': window_width+200-mytempheight+(window_width/2),         'y': second_pipe[0]['y']},    ]      pipeVelX = -4 #pipe velocity along x      bird_velocity_y = -9  # bird velocity    bird_Max_Vel_Y = 10       bird_Min_Vel_Y = -8    birdAccY = 1           # velocity while flapping    bird_flap_velocity = -8          # It is true only when the bird is flapping    bird_flapped = False      while True:                 # Handling the key pressing events        for event in pygame.event.get():            if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE):                pygame.quit()                sys.exit()            if event.type == KEYDOWN and (event.key == K_SPACE or event.key == K_UP):                if vertical > 0:                    bird_velocity_y = bird_flap_velocity                    bird_flapped = True          # This function will return true if the flappybird is crashed        game_over = isGameOver(horizontal, vertical, up_pipes, down_pipes)        if game_over:            return          # check for your_score        playerMidPos = horizontal + game_images['flappybird'].get_width()/2        for pipe in up_pipes:            pipeMidPos = pipe['x'] + game_images['pipeimage'][0].get_width()/2            if pipeMidPos <= playerMidPos < pipeMidPos + 4:                  # Printing the score                your_score += 1                print(f"Your your_score is {your_score}")          if bird_velocity_y < bird_Max_Vel_Y and not bird_flapped:            bird_velocity_y += birdAccY          if bird_flapped:            bird_flapped = False        playerHeight = game_images['flappybird'].get_height()        vertical = vertical + min(bird_velocity_y, elevation - vertical - playerHeight)          # move pipes to the left        for upperPipe, lowerPipe in zip(up_pipes, down_pipes):            upperPipe['x'] += pipeVelX            lowerPipe['x'] += pipeVelX          # Add a new pipe when the first is about        # to cross the leftmost part of the screen        if 0 < up_pipes[0]['x'] < 5:            newpipe = createPipe()            up_pipes.append(newpipe[0])            down_pipes.append(newpipe[1])          # if the pipe is out of the screen, remove it        if up_pipes[0]['x'] < -game_images['pipeimage'][0].get_width():            up_pipes.pop(0)            down_pipes.pop(0)          # Lets blit our game images now        window.blit(game_images['background'], (0, 0))        for upperPipe, lowerPipe in zip(up_pipes, down_pipes):            window.blit(game_images['pipeimage'][0],                        (upperPipe['x'], upperPipe['y']))            window.blit(game_images['pipeimage'][1],                        (lowerPipe['x'], lowerPipe['y']))          window.blit(game_images['sea_level'], (ground, elevation))        window.blit(game_images['flappybird'], (horizontal, vertical))                  # Fetching the digits of score.        numbers = [int(x) for x in list(str(your_score))]        width = 0                  # finding the width of score images from numbers.        for num in numbers:            width += game_images['scoreimages'][num].get_width()        Xoffset = (window_width - width)/1.1                  # Blitting the images on the window.        for num in numbers:            window.blit(game_images['scoreimages'][num], (Xoffset, window_width*0.02))            Xoffset += game_images['scoreimages'][num].get_width()                      # Refreshing the game window and displaying the score.        pygame.display.update()                  # Set the framepersecond        framepersecond_clock.tick(framepersecond)
Python3
# Import moduleimport randomimport sysimport pygamefrom pygame.locals import *  # All the Game Variableswindow_width = 600window_height = 499  # set height and width of windowwindow = pygame.display.set_mode((window_width, window_height))elevation = window_height * 0.8game_images = {}framepersecond = 32pipeimage = 'images/pipe.png'background_image = 'images/background.jpg'birdplayer_image = 'images/bird.png'sealevel_image = 'images/base.jfif'    def flappygame():    your_score = 0    horizontal = int(window_width/5)    vertical = int(window_width/2)    ground = 0    mytempheight = 100      # Generating two pipes for blitting on window    first_pipe = createPipe()    second_pipe = createPipe()      # List containing lower pipes    down_pipes = [        {'x': window_width+300-mytempheight,         'y': first_pipe[1]['y']},        {'x': window_width+300-mytempheight+(window_width/2),         'y': second_pipe[1]['y']},    ]      # List Containing upper pipes    up_pipes = [        {'x': window_width+300-mytempheight,         'y': first_pipe[0]['y']},        {'x': window_width+200-mytempheight+(window_width/2),         'y': second_pipe[0]['y']},    ]      # pipe velocity along x    pipeVelX = -4      # bird velocity    bird_velocity_y = -9    bird_Max_Vel_Y = 10    bird_Min_Vel_Y = -8    birdAccY = 1      bird_flap_velocity = -8    bird_flapped = False    while True:        for event in pygame.event.get():            if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE):                pygame.quit()                sys.exit()            if event.type == KEYDOWN and (event.key == K_SPACE or event.key == K_UP):                if vertical > 0:                    bird_velocity_y = bird_flap_velocity                    bird_flapped = True          # This function will return true        # if the flappybird is crashed        game_over = isGameOver(horizontal,                               vertical,                               up_pipes,                               down_pipes)        if game_over:            return          # check for your_score        playerMidPos = horizontal + game_images['flappybird'].get_width()/2        for pipe in up_pipes:            pipeMidPos = pipe['x'] + game_images['pipeimage'][0].get_width()/2            if pipeMidPos <= playerMidPos < pipeMidPos + 4:                your_score += 1                print(f"Your your_score is {your_score}")          if bird_velocity_y < bird_Max_Vel_Y and not bird_flapped:            bird_velocity_y += birdAccY          if bird_flapped:            bird_flapped = False        playerHeight = game_images['flappybird'].get_height()        vertical = vertical + \            min(bird_velocity_y, elevation - vertical - playerHeight)          # move pipes to the left        for upperPipe, lowerPipe in zip(up_pipes, down_pipes):            upperPipe['x'] += pipeVelX            lowerPipe['x'] += pipeVelX          # Add a new pipe when the first is        # about to cross the leftmost part of the screen        if 0 < up_pipes[0]['x'] < 5:            newpipe = createPipe()            up_pipes.append(newpipe[0])            down_pipes.append(newpipe[1])          # if the pipe is out of the screen, remove it        if up_pipes[0]['x'] < -game_images['pipeimage'][0].get_width():            up_pipes.pop(0)            down_pipes.pop(0)          # Lets blit our game images now        window.blit(game_images['background'], (0, 0))        for upperPipe, lowerPipe in zip(up_pipes, down_pipes):            window.blit(game_images['pipeimage'][0],                        (upperPipe['x'], upperPipe['y']))            window.blit(game_images['pipeimage'][1],                        (lowerPipe['x'], lowerPipe['y']))          window.blit(game_images['sea_level'], (ground, elevation))        window.blit(game_images['flappybird'], (horizontal, vertical))          # Fetching the digits of score.        numbers = [int(x) for x in list(str(your_score))]        width = 0          # finding the width of score images from numbers.        for num in numbers:            width += game_images['scoreimages'][num].get_width()        Xoffset = (window_width - width)/1.1          # Blitting the images on the window.        for num in numbers:            window.blit(game_images['scoreimages'][num],                        (Xoffset, window_width*0.02))            Xoffset += game_images['scoreimages'][num].get_width()          # Refreshing the game window and displaying the score.        pygame.display.update()        framepersecond_clock.tick(framepersecond)    def isGameOver(horizontal, vertical, up_pipes, down_pipes):    if vertical > elevation - 25 or vertical < 0:        return True      for pipe in up_pipes:        pipeHeight = game_images['pipeimage'][0].get_height()        if(vertical < pipeHeight + pipe['y'] and\           abs(horizontal - pipe['x']) < game_images['pipeimage'][0].get_width()):            return True      for pipe in down_pipes:        if (vertical + game_images['flappybird'].get_height() > pipe['y']) and\        abs(horizontal - pipe['x']) < game_images['pipeimage'][0].get_width():            return True    return False    def createPipe():    offset = window_height/3    pipeHeight = game_images['pipeimage'][0].get_height()    y2 = offset + \        random.randrange(            0, int(window_height - game_images['sea_level'].get_height() - 1.2 * offset))      pipeX = window_width + 10    y1 = pipeHeight - y2 + offset    pipe = [        # upper Pipe        {'x': pipeX, 'y': -y1},          # lower Pipe        {'x': pipeX, 'y': y2}    ]    return pipe    # program where the game startsif __name__ == "__main__":          # For initializing modules of pygame library    pygame.init()    framepersecond_clock = pygame.time.Clock()      # Sets the title on top of game window    pygame.display.set_caption('Flappy Bird Game')      # Load all the images which we will use in the game      # images for displaying score    game_images['scoreimages'] = (        pygame.image.load('images/0.png').convert_alpha(),        pygame.image.load('images/1.png').convert_alpha(),        pygame.image.load('images/2.png').convert_alpha(),        pygame.image.load('images/3.png').convert_alpha(),        pygame.image.load('images/4.png').convert_alpha(),        pygame.image.load('images/5.png').convert_alpha(),        pygame.image.load('images/6.png').convert_alpha(),        pygame.image.load('images/7.png').convert_alpha(),        pygame.image.load('images/8.png').convert_alpha(),        pygame.image.load('images/9.png').convert_alpha()    )    game_images['flappybird'] = pygame.image.load(        birdplayer_image).convert_alpha()    game_images['sea_level'] = pygame.image.load(        sealevel_image).convert_alpha()    game_images['background'] = pygame.image.load(        background_image).convert_alpha()    game_images['pipeimage'] = (pygame.transform.rotate(pygame.image.load(        pipeimage).convert_alpha(), 180), pygame.image.load(      pipeimage).convert_alpha())      print("WELCOME TO THE FLAPPY BIRD GAME")    print("Press space or enter to start the game")      # Here starts the main game      while True:          # sets the coordinates of flappy bird          horizontal = int(window_width/5)        vertical = int(            (window_height - game_images['flappybird'].get_height())/2)        ground = 0        while True:            for event in pygame.event.get():                  # if user clicks on cross button, close the game                if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYDOWN and \                                          event.key == K_ESCAPE):                    pygame.quit()                    sys.exit()                  # If the user presses space or                # up key, start the game for them                elif event.type == KEYDOWN and (event.key == K_SPACE or\                                                event.key == K_UP):                    flappygame()                  # if user doesn't press anykey Nothing happen                else:                    window.blit(game_images['background'], (0, 0))                    window.blit(game_images['flappybird'],                                (horizontal, vertical))                    window.blit(game_images['sea_level'], (ground, elevation))                    pygame.display.update()                    framepersecond_clock.tick(framepersecond)
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