unordered_map at() in C++

26 Sep, 2021
Prerequisite : Unordered maps in STLUnordered_map : unordered_map is an associated container that stores elements formed by the combination of key value and a mapped value. The key value is used to uniquely identify the element and mapped value is the content associated with the key. Both key and value can be of any type predefined or user-defined.unordered_map :: at(): This function in C++ unordered_map returns the reference to the value with the element as key k.  
Syntax:  
unordered_map.at(k);
Parameter:
It is the key value of the element whose mapped value we want to access.
Return type :
A reference to the mapped value of the element with a key value equivalent
Note : The method gives run-time error if key is not present.
CPP
// C++ program to illustrate// std :: unordered_map :: at()#include<iostream>#include<string>#include<unordered_map> using namespace std; int main(){    unordered_map<string,int> mp = {                            {"first",1},                            {"second",2},                            {"third",3},                            {"fourth",4}    };                                         // returns the reference i.e. the mapped    // value with the key 'second'    cout<<"Value of key mp['second'] = "        <<mp.at("second")<<endl;         try    {        mp.at();    }     catch(const out_of_range &e)    {        cerr << "Exception at " << e.what() << endl;    }              return 0;}
Output:  
Value of key mp['second'] = 2
Exception at _Map_base::at
Practical Application : std :: unordered_map :: at() function can be used to access the mapped value and thus can edit, update etc. 
CPP
// CPP program to illustrate// application of this function// Program to correct the marks// given in different subjects#include<iostream>#include<string>#include<unordered_map> using namespace std; // driver codeint main(){    // marks in different subjects    unordered_map<string,int> my_marks = {                    {"Maths", 90},                    {"Physics", 87},                    {"Chemistry", 98},                    {"Computer Application", 94}                    };                                                      my_marks.at("Physics") = 97;        my_marks.at("Maths") += 10;        my_marks.at("Computer Application") += 6;                 for (auto& i: my_marks)        {            cout<<i.first<<": "<<i.second<<endl;        }                   return 0;}
Output:  
Computer Application: 100
Chemistry: 98
Physics: 97
Maths: 100
How unordered_map at() is different from unordered_map operator() 
Both at() and operator[] is used to refer the element present at the given position, the only difference is, at() throws out-of-range exception whereas operator[] shows undefined behavior i.e. if operator[] is used to find the value corresponding to key and if key is not present in unordered map, it will first insert the key into the map and then assign the default value ‘0’ corresponding to that key. . 
ranjeetgautam13032
kashishsoda
cpp-unordered_map
cpp-unordered_map-functions
STL
C++
Technical Scripter
STL
CPP
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