CoffeeScript - Syntax

In the previous chapter, we have seen how to install CoffeeScript. In this chapter, let us check out the syntax of CoffeeScript.
The syntax of CoffeeScript is more graceful when compared to the syntax of JavaScript. It avoids the troublesome features like curly braces, semicolons, and variable decelerations.
Unlike many other programming languages like C, C++, and Java, the statements in CoffeeScript do not end with semicolons (;). Instead of that, every new line is considered as a separate statement by the CoffeeScript compiler.
Here is an example of a CoffeeScript statement.
name = "Javed"
age = 26
In the same way, we can write two statements in a single line by separating them using semicolon as shown below.
name = "Javed";age = 26
In JavaScript, we declare a variable using the var keyword before creating it, as shown below.
var name = "Javed"
var age = 20
While creating variables in CoffeeScript, there is no need to declare them using the var keyword. We can directly create a variable just by assigning a value to it as shown below.
name = "Javed"
age = 20
In general, we use parenthesis while declaring the function, calling it, and also to separate the code blocks to avoid ambiguity. In CoffeeScript, there is no need to use parentheses, and while creating functions, we use an arrow mark (->) instead of parentheses as shown below.
myfunction = -> alert "Hello"
Still, we have to use parentheses in certain scenarios. While calling functions without parameters, we will use parentheses. For example, if we have a function named my_function in CoffeeScript, then we have to call it as shown below.
my_function()
In the same way, we can also separate the ambiguous code using parentheses. If you observe the following example, without braces, the result is 2233 and with braces, it will be 45.
alert "The result is  "+(22+33)
In JavaScript, for the block codes such as functions, loops, and conditional statements, we use curly braces. In CoffeeScript, there is no need to use curly braces. Instead, we have to maintain proper indentations (white spaces) within the body. This is the feature which is inspired from the Python language.
Following is an example of a function in CoffeeScript. Here you can observe that instead of curly braces, we have used three whitespaces as indentation to separate the body of the function.
myfunction = -> 
   name = "John"
   alert "Hello"+name
In any programming language, we use comments to write description about the code we have written. These comments are not considered as the part of the programs. The comments in CoffeeScript are similar to the comments of Ruby language. CoffeeScript provides two types of comments as follows −
Whenever we want to comment a single line in CoffeeScript, we just need to place a hash tag before it as shown below.
# This is the single line comment in CoffeeScript
Every single line that follows a hash tag (#) is considered as a comment by the CoffeeScript compiler and it compiles the rest of the code in the given file except the comments.
Whenever we want to comment more than one line in CoffeeScript (multiple lines), we can do that by wrapping those lines within a pair of triple hash tags as shown below.
###
These are the multi line comments in CoffeeScript
We can write as many number of lines as we want 
within the pair of triple hash tags.
###
A list of all the reserved words in CoffeeScript are given in the following table. They cannot be used as CoffeeScript variables, functions, methods, loop labels, or any object names.
case
default
function
var
void
with
const
let
enum
export
import
native
__hasProp
__extends
__slice
__bind
__indexOf
implements
else
interface
package
private
protected
public
static
yield
true
false
null
this
new
delete
typeof
in
arguments
eval
instanceof
return
throw
break
continue
debugger
if
else
switch
for
while
do
try
catch
finally
class
extends
super
undefined
then
unless
until
loop
of
by
when
and
or
is
isnt
not
yes
no
on
off
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