JSTL - SQL <sql:transaction> Tag

The <sql:transaction> tag is used to group the <sql:query> and <sql:update> tags into transactions. You can put as many <sql:query> and <sql:update> tags as statements inside the <sql:transaction> tag to create a single transaction.
It ensures that the database modifications performed by the nested actions are either committed or rolled back if an exception is thrown by any nested action.
The <sql:transaction> tag has the following attributes −
To start with the basic concept, let us create a Students table in the TEST database and create a few records in that table as follows −
Open a Command Prompt and change to the installation directory as follows −
C:\>
C:\>cd Program Files\MySQL\bin
C:\Program Files\MySQL\bin>

Login to the database as follows −
C:\Program Files\MySQL\bin>mysql -u root -p
Enter password: ********
mysql>

Create the Employee table in the TEST database as follows −
mysql> use TEST;
mysql> create table Students
   (
      id int not null,
      first varchar (255),
      last varchar (255),
      dob date
   );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
mysql>

We will now create a few records in the Employee table as follows −
mysql> INSERT INTO Students 
   VALUES (100, 'Zara', 'Ali', '2002/05/16');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
 
mysql> INSERT INTO Students 
   VALUES (101, 'Mahnaz', 'Fatma', '1978/11/28');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> INSERT INTO Students 
   VALUES (102, 'Zaid', 'Khan', '1980/10/10');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> INSERT INTO Students 
   VALUES (103, 'Sumit', 'Mittal', '1971/05/08');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql>
Let us now write a JSP which will make use of the <sql:update> tag along with <sql:transaction> tag to execute an SQL UPDATE statement. Here the code inside <sql:transaction> tag either will be executed completely or not at all −
<%@ page import = "java.io.*,java.util.*,java.sql.*"%>
<%@ page import = "javax.servlet.http.*,javax.servlet.*"%>
<%@ page import = "java.util.Date,java.text.*" %>

<%@ taglib uri = "http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix = "c"%>
<%@ taglib uri = "http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/sql" prefix = "sql"%>
 
<html>
   <head>
      <title>JSTL sql:transaction Tag</title>
   </head>

   <body>
      <sql:setDataSource var = "snapshot" driver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
      url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/TEST" user = "root" password = "cohondob"/>

      <%
         Date DoB = new Date("2001/12/16");
         int studentId = 100;
      %>

      <sql:transaction dataSource = "${snapshot}">
         <sql:update var = "count">
            UPDATE Students SET last = 'Ali' WHERE Id = 102
         </sql:update>
         
         <sql:update var = "count">
            UPDATE Students SET last = 'Shah' WHERE Id = 103
         </sql:update>
         
         <sql:update var = "count">
            INSERT INTO Students 
            VALUES (104,'Nuha', 'Ali', '2010/05/26');
         </sql:update>
      </sql:transaction>

      <sql:query dataSource = "${snapshot}" var = "result">
         SELECT * from Students;
      </sql:query>
 
      <table border = "1" width = "100%">
         <tr>
            <th>Emp ID</th>
            <th>First Name</th>
            <th>Last Name</th>
            <th>DoB</th>
         </tr>
         
         <c:forEach var = "row" items = "${result.rows}">
            <tr>
               <td> <c:out value = "${row.id}"/></td>
               <td> <c:out value = "${row.first}"/></td>
               <td> <c:out value = "${row.last}"/></td>
               <td> <c:out value = "${row.dob}"/></td>
            </tr>
         </c:forEach>
      </table>
 
   </body>
</html>
Access the above JSP, the following result will be displayed −
+-------------+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
|    Emp ID   |    First Name  |     Last Name   |       DoB       |
+-------------+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
|     100     |    Zara        |     Ali         |   2001-12-16    |
|     101     |    Mahnaz      |     Fatma       |   1978-11-28    |
|     102     |    Zaid        |     Ali         |   1980-10-10    |
|     103     |    Sumit       |     Mittal      |   1971-05-08    |
|     104     |    Nuha        |     Ali         |   2010-05-26    |
+-------------+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+


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