Implementation of DFS using C language

Depth First Search (DFS) is an algorithm which traverses a graph and visits all nodes before coming back it can determine. Also, it determines whether a path exist between two nodes.
It searches a graph or tree in depth-wise manner.
Given below is an algorithm for the implementation of the Depth First Search (DFS) −
Step 1 − Initially stack is empty.
Step 2 − If a node to be visited is not present in the stack, then we push it onto the stack and mark it as visited.
Step 3 − Then, check if the current node matches our search criteria or not.
      Step 3.1 − If it is there, then we are done.
Step 4 − Otherwise, we need to go to all the adjacent nodes from the current node.
      Step 4.1 − Then visit all that types of nodes, in any random order, and keep searching.
Step 5 − If all adjacent nodes are already visited then it becomes a dead end.
Step 6 − We go to the previously visited node and pop the recent node from the stack.
Step 7 − The algorithm will terminate if all the nodes have been searched, or if we get our answer.
Following is the C program for the implementation of the Depth First Search (DFS)−
 Live Demo
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#define MAX 5
void addVertex(char);
void addEdge(int,int );
void displayVertex(int);
void depthFirstSearch();
int getAdjUnvisitedVertex(int);
struct Vertex {
   char label;
   bool visited;
};
//stack variables
int stack[MAX];
int top = -1;
//graph variables
//array of vertices
struct Vertex* lstVertices[MAX];
//adjacency matrix
int adjMatrix[MAX][MAX];
//vertex count
int vertexCount = 0;
//stack functions
void push(int item) {
   stack[++top] = item;
}
int pop() {
   return stack[top--];
}
int peek() {
   return stack[top];
}
bool isStackEmpty() {
   return top == -1;
}
//graph functions
//add vertex to the vertex list
void addVertex(char label) {
   struct Vertex* vertex = (struct Vertex*) malloc(sizeof(struct Vertex));
   vertex->label = label;
   vertex->visited = false;
   lstVertices[vertexCount++] = vertex;
}
//add edge to edge array
void addEdge(int start,int end) {
   adjMatrix[start][end] = 1;
   adjMatrix[end][start] = 1;
}
//display the vertex
void displayVertex(int vertexIndex) {
   printf("%c ",lstVertices[vertexIndex]->label);
}
//get the adjacent unvisited vertex
int getAdjUnvisitedVertex(int vertexIndex) {
   int i;
   for(i = 0; i < vertexCount; i++) {
      if(adjMatrix[vertexIndex][i] == 1 && lstVertices[i]->visited == false) {
         return i;
      }
   }
   return -1;
}
void depthFirstSearch() {
   int i;
   //mark first node as visited
   lstVertices[0]->visited = true;
   //display the vertex
   displayVertex(0);
   //push vertex index in stack
   push(0);
   while(!isStackEmpty()) {
      //get the unvisited vertex of vertex which is at top of the stack
      int unvisitedVertex = getAdjUnvisitedVertex(peek());
      //no adjacent vertex found
      if(unvisitedVertex == -1) {
         pop();
      } else {
         lstVertices[unvisitedVertex]->visited = true;
         displayVertex(unvisitedVertex);
         push(unvisitedVertex);
      }
   }
   //stack is empty, search is complete, reset the visited flag
   for(i = 0;i < vertexCount;i++) {
      lstVertices[i]->visited = false;
   }
}
int main() {
   int i, j;
   for(i = 0; i < MAX; i++) // set adjacency {
      for(j = 0; j < MAX; j++) // matrix to 0
         adjMatrix[i][j] = 0;
      addVertex('S'); // 0
      addVertex('A'); // 1
      addVertex('B'); // 2
      addVertex('C'); // 3
      addVertex('D'); // 4
      addEdge(0, 1); // S - A
      addEdge(0, 2); // S - B
      addEdge(0, 3); // S - C
      addEdge(1, 4); // A - D
      addEdge(2, 4); // B - D
      addEdge(3, 4); // C - D
      printf("Depth First Search: ");
      depthFirstSearch();
return 0;
}
When the above program is executed, it produces the following result −
Depth First Search: S A D B C