Dynamic Programming | High-effort vs. Low-effort Tasks Problem - GeeksforGeeks

11 Aug, 2021
You are given n days and for each day (di) you could either perform a high effort tasks (hi) or a low effort tasks (li) or no task with the constraint that you can choose a high-effort tasks only if you choose no task on the previous day. Write a program to find the maximum amount of tasks you can perform within these n days.Examples: 
No. of days (n) = 5
Day      L.E.   H.E
1        1       3
2        5       6
3        4       8
4        5       7
5        3       6
Maximum amount of tasks 
        = 3 + 5 + 4 + 5 + 3 
        = 20
Optimal Substructure To find the maximum amount of tasks done till i’th day, we need to compare 2 choices: 
Go for high effort tasks on that day, then find the maximum amount of tasks done till (i – 2) th day.Go for low effort task on that day and find the maximum amount of tasks done till (i – 1) th day.
Go for high effort tasks on that day, then find the maximum amount of tasks done till (i – 2) th day.
Go for low effort task on that day and find the maximum amount of tasks done till (i – 1) th day.
Let high [1...n] be the input array for high effort task amount on i’th day and low [1...n] be the input array for low effort task amount on ith day. Let max_task (high [], low [], i) be the function that returns maximum amount of task done till ith day, so it will return max(high[i] + max_task(high, low, (i – 2)), low [i] + max_task (high, low, (i – 1)))Therefore, the problem has optimal substructure property as the problem can be solved using solutions to subproblems.Overlapping Subproblems Following is a simple recursive implementation of the High-effort vs. Low-effort task problem. The implementation simply follows the recursive structure mentioned above. So, High-effort vs. Low-effort Task Problem has both properties of a dynamic programming problem.  
C++
C
Java
Python3
C#
PHP
Javascript
// A naive recursive C++ program to find maximum// tasks.#include <iostream>using namespace std; // Returns the maximum among the 2 numbersint max(int x, int y){    return (x > y ? x : y);} // Returns maximum amount of task that can be// done till day nint maxTasks(int high[], int low[], int n){    // If n is less than equal to 0, then no    // solution exists    if (n <= 0)        return 0;     /* Determines which task to choose on day n,    then returns the maximum till that day */    return max(high[n - 1] + maxTasks(high, low, (n - 2)),            low[n - 1] + maxTasks(high, low, (n - 1)));} // Driver codeint main(){    int n = 5;    int high[] = {3, 6, 8, 7, 6};    int low[] = {1, 5, 4, 5, 3};    cout << maxTasks(high, low, n);    return 0;} // This code is contributed by Shubhamsingh10
// A naive recursive C program to find maximum// tasks.#include<stdio.h> // Returns the maximum among the 2 numbersint max(int x, int y){    return (x > y ? x : y);} // Returns maximum amount of task that can be// done till day nint maxTasks(int high[], int low[], int n){    // If n is less than equal to 0, then no    // solution exists    if (n <= 0)        return 0;     /* Determines which task to choose on day n,       then returns the maximum till that day */    return max(high[n-1] + maxTasks(high, low, (n-2)),              low[n-1] + maxTasks(high, low, (n-1)));} // Driver program to test above functionint main(){    int n = 5;    int high[] = {3, 6, 8, 7, 6};    int low[] = {1, 5, 4, 5, 3};    printf("%dn", maxTasks(high, low, n));    return 0;}
// A naive recursive Java program// to find maximum tasks. class GFG{         // Returns maximum amount of task    // that can be done till day n    static int maxTasks(int high[], int low[], int n)    {                 // If n is less than equal to 0,        // then no solution exists        if (n <= 0)            return 0;         /* Determines which task to choose on day n,            then returns the maximum till that day */        return Math.max(high[n - 1] + maxTasks(high, low, (n - 2)),                low[n - 1] + maxTasks(high, low, (n - 1)));    }     // Driver code    public static void main(String []args)    {        int n = 5;        int high[] = {3, 6, 8, 7, 6};        int low[] = {1, 5, 4, 5, 3};        System.out.println( maxTasks(high, low, n));    }} // This code is contributed by Ita_c.
# A naive recursive Python3 program to# find maximum tasks. # Returns maximum amount of task# that can be done till day ndef maxTasks(high, low, n) :         # If n is less than equal to 0,    # then no solution exists    if (n <= 0) :        return 0     # Determines which task to choose on day n,    # then returns the maximum till that day    return max(high[n - 1] + maxTasks(high, low, (n - 2)),               low[n - 1] + maxTasks(high, low, (n - 1))); # Driver Codeif __name__ == "__main__" :     n = 5;    high = [3, 6, 8, 7, 6]    low = [1, 5, 4, 5, 3]    print(maxTasks(high, low, n)); # This code is contributed by Ryuga
// A naive recursive C# program// to find maximum tasks.using System; class GFG{         // Returns maximum amount of task    // that can be done till day n    static int maxTasks(int[] high,                    int[] low, int n)    {                 // If n is less than equal to 0,        // then no solution exists        if (n <= 0)            return 0;         /* Determines which task to choose on day n,            then returns the maximum till that day */        return Math.Max(high[n - 1] +            maxTasks(high, low, (n - 2)), low[n - 1] +            maxTasks(high, low, (n - 1)));    }     // Driver code    public static void Main()    {        int n = 5;        int[] high = {3, 6, 8, 7, 6};        int[] low = {1, 5, 4, 5, 3};        Console.Write( maxTasks(high, low, n));    }} // This code is contributed by Ita_c.
<?php// A naive recursive PHP program to find maximum// tasks. // Returns maximum amount of task that can be// done till day nfunction maxTasks($high, $low, $n){    // If n is less than equal to 0, then no    // solution exists    if ($n <= 0)        return 0;     /* Determines which task to choose on day n,    then returns the maximum till that day */    return max($high[$n - 1] + maxTasks($high, $low, ($n - 2)),                $low[$n - 1] + maxTasks($high, $low, ($n - 1)));} // Driver Code$n = 5;$high = array(3, 6, 8, 7, 6);$low = array(1, 5, 4, 5, 3);print(maxTasks($high, $low, $n));     // This code is contributed by mits?>
<script> // A naive recursive Java program// to find maximum tasks.     // Returns maximum amount of task    // that can be done till day n    function maxTasks(high, low, n)    {                   // If n is less than equal to 0,        // then no solution exists        if (n <= 0)            return 0;           /* Determines which task to choose on day n,            then returns the maximum till that day */        return Math.max(high[n - 1] + maxTasks(high, low, (n - 2)),                low[n - 1] + maxTasks(high, low, (n - 1)));    }      // Driver code         let n = 5;        let high = [3, 6, 8, 7, 6];        let low = [1, 5, 4, 5, 3];        document.write( maxTasks(high, low, n));; </script>
Output : 
20
It should be noted that the above function computes the same subproblems again and again. Therefore, this problem has Overlapping Subproblems Property. So the High-effort vs. Low-effort Task Problem has both the properties of a dynamic programming problem.Dynamic Programming Solution  
C++
C
Java
Python3
C#
PHP
Javascript
// A DP based C++ program to find maximum tasks.#include <iostream>using namespace std; // Returns the maximum among the 2 numbersint max(int x, int y){    return (x > y ? x : y);} // Returns maximum amount of task that can be// done till day nint maxTasks(int high[], int low[], int n){    // An array task_dp that stores the maximum    // task done    int task_dp[n+1];     // If n = 0, no solution exists    task_dp[0] = 0;     // If n = 1, high effort task on that day will    // be the solution    task_dp[1] = high[0];     // Fill the entire array determining which    // task to choose on day i    for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++)        task_dp[i] = max(high[i-1] + task_dp[i-2],                         low[i-1] + task_dp[i-1]);    return task_dp[n];} // Driver program to test above functionint main(){    int n = 5;    int high[] = {3, 6, 8, 7, 6};    int low[] = {1, 5, 4, 5, 3};    cout << maxTasks(high, low, n);    return 0;} // This code is contributed by shivanisinghss2110
// A DP based C++ program to find maximum tasks.#include<stdio.h> // Returns the maximum among the 2 numbersint max(int x, int y){    return (x > y ? x : y);} // Returns maximum amount of task that can be// done till day nint maxTasks(int high[], int low[], int n){    // An array task_dp that stores the maximum    // task done    int task_dp[n+1];     // If n = 0, no solution exists    task_dp[0] = 0;     // If n = 1, high effort task on that day will    // be the solution    task_dp[1] = high[0];     // Fill the entire array determining which    // task to choose on day i    for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++)        task_dp[i] = max(high[i-1] + task_dp[i-2],                         low[i-1] + task_dp[i-1]);    return task_dp[n];} // Driver program to test above functionint main(){    int n = 5;    int high[] = {3, 6, 8, 7, 6};    int low[] = {1, 5, 4, 5, 3};    printf("%d", maxTasks(high, low, n));    return 0;}
// A DP based Java program to find maximum tasks.class GFG{     // Returns the maximum among the 2 numbersstatic int max(int x, int y){    return (x > y ? x : y);} // Returns maximum amount of task that can be// done till day nstatic int maxTasks(int []high, int []low, int n){    // An array task_dp that stores the maximum    // task done    int[] task_dp = new int[n + 1];     // If n = 0, no solution exists    task_dp[0] = 0;     // If n = 1, high effort task on that day will    // be the solution    task_dp[1] = high[0];     // Fill the entire array determining which    // task to choose on day i    for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++)        task_dp[i] = Math.max(high[i - 1] + task_dp[i - 2],                        low[i - 1] + task_dp[i - 1]);    return task_dp[n];} // Driver codepublic static void main(String[] args){    int n = 5;    int []high = {3, 6, 8, 7, 6};    int []low = {1, 5, 4, 5, 3};    System.out.println(maxTasks(high, low, n));}} // This code is contributed by Code_Mech.
# A DP based Python3 program to find maximum tasks.# Returns the maximum among the 2 numbersdef max1(x, y):     return x if(x > y) else y; # Returns maximum amount of task# that can be done till day ndef maxTasks(high, low, n):     # An array task_dp that stores    # the maximum task done    task_dp = [0] * (n + 1);     # If n = 0, no solution exists    task_dp[0] = 0;     # If n = 1, high effort task    # on that day will be the solution    task_dp[1] = high[0];     # Fill the entire array determining    # which task to choose on day i    for i in range(2, n + 1):        task_dp[i] = max(high[i - 1] + task_dp[i - 2],                          low[i - 1] + task_dp[i - 1]);    return task_dp[n]; # Driver coden = 5;high = [3, 6, 8, 7, 6];low = [1, 5, 4, 5, 3];print(maxTasks(high, low, n)); # This code is contributed by mits
// A DP based C# program to find maximum tasks.using System; class GFG{     // Returns the maximum among the 2 numbersstatic int max(int x, int y){    return (x > y ? x : y);} // Returns maximum amount of task that can be// done till day nstatic int maxTasks(int []high, int []low, int n){    // An array task_dp that stores the maximum    // task done    int[] task_dp = new int[n + 1];     // If n = 0, no solution exists    task_dp[0] = 0;     // If n = 1, high effort task on that day will    // be the solution    task_dp[1] = high[0];     // Fill the entire array determining which    // task to choose on day i    for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++)        task_dp[i] = max(high[i - 1] + task_dp[i - 2],                        low[i - 1] + task_dp[i - 1]);    return task_dp[n];} // Driver program to test above functionstatic void Main(){    int n = 5;    int []high = {3, 6, 8, 7, 6};    int []low = {1, 5, 4, 5, 3};    Console.WriteLine(maxTasks(high, low, n));}} // This code is contributed by mits
<?php// A DP based PHP program to find maximum tasks.// Returns the maximum among the 2 numbersfunction max1($x, $y){    return ($x > $y ? $x : $y);} // Returns maximum amount of task that can be// done till day nfunction maxTasks($high, $low, $n){    // An array task_dp that stores the maximum    // task done    $task_dp = array($n + 1);     // If n = 0, no solution exists    $task_dp[0] = 0;     // If n = 1, high effort task on that day will    // be the solution    $task_dp[1] = $high[0];     // Fill the entire array determining which    // task to choose on day i    for ($i = 2; $i <= $n; $i++)        $task_dp[$i] = max($high[$i - 1] + $task_dp[$i - 2],                        $low[$i - 1] + $task_dp[$i - 1]);    return $task_dp[$n];} // Driver code{    $n = 5;    $high = array(3, 6, 8, 7, 6);    $low = array(1, 5, 4, 5, 3);    echo(maxTasks($high, $low, $n));} // This code is contributed by Code_Mech.
<script> // A DP based javascript program to find maximum tasks.      // Returns the maximum among the 2 numbersfunction max(x , y){    return (x > y ? x : y);} // Returns maximum amount of task that can be// done till day nfunction maxTasks(high , low , n){    // An array task_dp that stores the maximum    // task done    var task_dp = Array.from({length: n+1}, (_, i) => 0);     // If n = 0, no solution exists    task_dp[0] = 0;     // If n = 1, high effort task on that day will    // be the solution    task_dp[1] = high[0];     // Fill the entire array determining which    // task to choose on day i    for (i = 2; i <= n; i++)        task_dp[i] = Math.max(high[i - 1] + task_dp[i - 2],                        low[i - 1] + task_dp[i - 1]);    return task_dp[n];} // Driver codevar n = 5;var high = [3, 6, 8, 7, 6];var low = [1, 5, 4, 5, 3];document.write(maxTasks(high, low, n)); // This code is contributed by Amit Katiyar</script>
Output: 
20
Time Complexity : O(n)This article is contributed by Akash Aggarwal .If you like GeeksforGeeks and would like to contribute, you can also write an article using write.geeksforgeeks.org or mail your article to review-team@geeksforgeeks.org. See your article appearing on the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks.Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above. 
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