Find the number of distinct islands in a 2D matrix

11 Aug, 2021
Given a boolean 2D matrix. The task is to find the number of distinct islands where a group of connected 1s (horizontally or vertically) forms an island. Two islands are considered to be distinct if and only if one island is equal to another (not rotated or reflected).Examples: 
Input: grid[][] = {{1, 1, 0, 0, 0}, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0}, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1}, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1}}Output: 1 Island 1, 1 at the top left corner is same as island 1, 1 at the bottom right cornerInput: grid[][] = {{1, 1, 0, 1, 1}, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1}}Output: 3 Distinct islands in the example above are: 1, 1 at the top left corner; 1, 1 at the top right corner and 1 at the bottom right corner. We ignore the island 1, 1 at the bottom left corner since 1, 1 it is identical to the top right corner.
 
Approach: This problem is an extension of the problem Number of Islands.The core of the question is to know if 2 islands are equal. The primary criteria is that the number of 1’s should be same in both. But this cannot be the only criteria as we have seen in example 2 above. So how do we know? We could use the position/coordinates of the 1’s. If we take the first coordinates of any island as a base point and then compute the coordinates of other points from the base point, we can eliminate duplicates to get the distinct count of islands. So, using this approach, the coordinates for the 2 islands in example 1 above can be represented as: [(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1)].Below is the implementation of above approach:  
C++
Python3
// C++ implementation of above approach#include <bits/stdc++.h>using namespace std; // 2D array for the storing the horizontal and vertical// directions. (Up, left, down, right}vector<vector<int> > dirs = { { 0, -1 },                              { -1, 0 },                              { 0, 1 },                              { 1, 0 } }; // Function to perform dfs of the input gridvoid dfs(vector<vector<int> >& grid, int x0, int y0,         int i, int j, vector<pair<int, int> >& v){    int rows = grid.size(), cols = grid[0].size();     if (i < 0 || i >= rows || j < 0        || j >= cols || grid[i][j] <= 0)        return;     // marking the visited element as -1    grid[i][j] *= -1;     // computing coordinates with x0, y0 as base    v.push_back({ i - x0, j - y0 });     // repeat dfs for neighbors    for (auto dir : dirs) {        dfs(grid, x0, y0, i + dir[0], j + dir[1], v);    }} // Main function that returns distinct count of islands in// a given boolean 2D matrixint countDistinctIslands(vector<vector<int> >& grid){    int rows = grid.size();    if (rows == 0)        return 0;     int cols = grid[0].size();    if (cols == 0)        return 0;     set<vector<pair<int, int> > > coordinates;     for (int i = 0; i < rows; ++i) {        for (int j = 0; j < cols; ++j) {             // If a cell is not 1            // no need to dfs            if (grid[i][j] != 1)                continue;             // vector to hold coordinates            // of this island            vector<pair<int, int> > v;            dfs(grid, i, j, i, j, v);             // insert the coordinates for            // this island to set            coordinates.insert(v);        }    }     return coordinates.size();} // Driver codeint main(){    vector<vector<int> > grid = { { 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 },                                  { 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 },                                  { 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 },                                  { 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 } };     cout << "Number of distinct islands is "         << countDistinctIslands(grid);     return 0;}
# Python implementation of above approach # 2D array for the storing the horizontal and vertical# directions. (Up, left, down, rightdirs = [ [ 0, -1 ],        [ -1, 0 ],        [ 0, 1 ],        [ 1, 0 ] ] # Function to perform dfs of the input griddef dfs(grid, x0, y0, i, j, v):    rows = len(grid)    cols = len(grid[0])     if i < 0 or i >= rows or j < 0 or j >= cols or grid[i][j] <= 0:        return    # marking the visited element as -1    grid[i][j] *= -1     # computing coordinates with x0, y0 as base    v.append( (i - x0, j - y0) )     # repeat dfs for neighbors    for dir in dirs:        dfs(grid, x0, y0, i + dir[0], j + dir[1], v)       # Main function that returns distinct count of islands in# a given boolean 2D matrixdef countDistinctIslands(grid):    rows = len(grid)    if rows == 0:        return 0     cols = len(grid[0])    if cols == 0:        return 0     coordinates = set()     for i in range(rows):        for j in range(cols):             # If a cell is not 1            # no need to dfs            if grid[i][j] != 1:                continue             # to hold coordinates            # of this island            v = []            dfs(grid, i, j, i, j, v)             # insert the coordinates for            # this island to set            coordinates.add(tuple(v))             return len(coordinates) # Driver codegrid = [[ 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 ],[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ],[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ],[ 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 ] ] print("Number of distinct islands is", countDistinctIslands(grid)) # This code is contributed by ankush_953
Number of distinct islands is 3
 
Time complexity: O(rows * cols), where rows is the number of rows and cols is the number of columns in the matrix.Space complexity: O(rows * cols) 
ankush_953
vaibhavdodiya
pankajsharmagfg
DFS
Technical Scripter 2018
Algorithms
Graph
Matrix
DFS
Matrix
Graph
Algorithms
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