Bootstrap 4 - Quick Guide

Bootstrap 4 is a powerful and popular mobile first front-end framework for building responsive mobile first sites on the web. It is a latest version of Bootstrap, which uses HTML, CSS and JavaScript.
The last stable release of Bootstrap v3.3.7 was in July 2016 and in August 2017, Bootstrap 4.0.0 beta version released.
It contains mobile first styles throughout the entire library, instead of using them in the separate files.
It contains mobile first styles throughout the entire library, instead of using them in the separate files.
With just the knowledge of HTML and CSS anyone can get started with Bootstrap. Also the Bootstrap official site has a good documentation.
With just the knowledge of HTML and CSS anyone can get started with Bootstrap. Also the Bootstrap official site has a good documentation.
It is supported by all popular browsers and its responsive CSS adjusts to Desktops, Tablets and Mobiles.
It is supported by all popular browsers and its responsive CSS adjusts to Desktops, Tablets and Mobiles.
Provides a clean and uniform solution for building an interface for developers.
Provides a clean and uniform solution for building an interface for developers.
It contains beautiful and functional built-in components which are easy to customize.
It contains beautiful and functional built-in components which are easy to customize.
It is an open source and provides web based customization.
It is an open source and provides web based customization.
Bootstrap 4 is a latest version of Bootstrap 3, who's source CSS files are converted into SCSS. It uses the flex modal for grid system and supports all the latest browsers. However, it supports Internet Explorer 9+ and iOS 7+ and dropped support for IE 8 and lesser versions, iOS 6 and lesser versions. For more information on difference between Bootstrap 3 and Bootstrap 4, checkout this chapter. 
You can start using Bootstrap 4 in your website by including it from CDN(Content Delivery Network) or downloading from getbootstrap.com.
The Bootstrap 4 can be used in the website by including it from Content Delivery Network.
Use the below compiled Bootstrap's CDN of CSS and JS in your project.
<!-- Compiled and Minified Bootstrap CSS -->
<link rel = "stylesheet" 
   href = "https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css"
   integrity = "sha384-Gn5384xqQ1aoWXA+058RXPxPg6fy4IWvTNh0E263XmFcJlSAwiGgFAW/dAiS6JXm" 
   crossorigin = "anonymous">

<!-- jQuery Library -->
<script src = "https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.slim.min.js" 
   integrity = "sha384-KJ3o2DKtIkvYIK3UENzmM7KCkRr/rE9/Qpg6aAZGJwFDMVNA/GpGFF93hXpG5KkN" 
   crossorigin = "anonymous">
</script>

<!-- Popper -->
<script src = "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.12.9/umd/popper.min.js" 
   integrity = "sha384-ApNbgh9B+Y1QKtv3Rn7W3mgPxhU9K/ScQsAP7hUibX39j7fakFPskvXusvfa0b4Q" 
   crossorigin = "anonymous">
</script>

<!-- Compiled and Minified Bootstrap JavaScript -->
<script src = "https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.min.js" 
   integrity = "sha384-JZR6Spejh4U02d8jOt6vLEHfe/JQGiRRSQQxSfFWpi1MquVdAyjUar5+76PVCmYl" 
   crossorigin = "anonymous">
</script>
Include the CDN versions of jQuery and Popper.js (Bootstrap 4 uses jQuery and Popper.js to make use of JavaScript components such as modals, tooltips, popovers etc) before the minified Bootstrap JavaScript, if you are using the compiled version of JavaScript.
Following are some components, which require jQuery −
Used for closable alerts
Used for closable alerts
Toggle the states by using buttons and checkboxes/radio buttons and collapse for toggling content
Toggle the states by using buttons and checkboxes/radio buttons and collapse for toggling content
Carousel for slides, controls, and indicators
Carousel for slides, controls, and indicators
Dropdowns (uses the Popper.js for perfect positioning)
Dropdowns (uses the Popper.js for perfect positioning)
Open and close the Modals
Open and close the Modals
For collapsing the Navbar
For collapsing the Navbar
Tooltips and popovers (uses the Popper.js for perfect positioning)
Tooltips and popovers (uses the Popper.js for perfect positioning)
You can download the Bootstrap 4 from https://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.1/getting-started/download/. When you click on this link, you will get to see a screen as shown below −
Here you can see two buttons −
Download − Clicking this, you can download the precompiled and minified versions of Bootstrap's CSS and JavaScript. No documentation or original source code files are included.
Download − Clicking this, you can download the precompiled and minified versions of Bootstrap's CSS and JavaScript. No documentation or original source code files are included.
Download Source − Clicking this, you can get the latest Bootstrap SCSS, JavaScript source code and documentation files.
Download Source − Clicking this, you can get the latest Bootstrap SCSS, JavaScript source code and documentation files.
For better understanding and ease of use, we shall use precompiled version of Bootstrap throughout the tutorial. As the files are complied and minified, you don't have to bother every time including separate files for individual functionality.
Once the compiled version Bootstrap 4 is downloaded, extract the ZIP file, and you will see the following file/directory structure −
As you can see, there are compiled CSS and JS (bootstrap.*), as well as compiled and minified CSS and JS (bootstrap.min.*).
If you have downloaded the Bootstrap 4 source code, then the file structure would be as follows −
The files under js/ and scss/ are the source code for Bootstrap CSS and JavaScript.
The files under js/ and scss/ are the source code for Bootstrap CSS and JavaScript.
The dist/ folder include everything listed in the precompiled download section above.
The dist/ folder include everything listed in the precompiled download section above.
The docs/examples/, includes source code for Bootstrap documentation and examples of Bootstrap usage.
The docs/examples/, includes source code for Bootstrap documentation and examples of Bootstrap usage.
The below example specifies simple web page of Bootstrap 4 −
<html lang = "en">
   <head>
      <!-- Meta tags -->
      <meta charset = "utf-8">
      <meta name = "viewport" content = "width=device-width, initial-scale = 1, shrink-to-fit = no">
      
      <!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
      <link rel = "stylesheet" 
      href = "https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/css/bootstrap.min.css"
         integrity =" sha384-MCw98/SFnGE8fJT3GXwEOngsV7Zt27NXFoaoApmYm81iuXoPkFOJwJ8ERdknLPMO" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      
      <title>Bootstrap 4 Example</title>
   </head>
   
   <body>
      <h2>Hello, world!!! Welcome to Tutorialspoint...</h2>
      
      <!-- jQuery first, then Popper.js, then Bootstrap JS -->
      <script src = "https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.slim.min.js"
         integrity = "sha384-q8i/X+965DzO0rT7abK41JStQIAqVgRVzpbzo5smXKp4YfRvH+8abtTE1Pi6jizo" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
      <script src = "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.3/umd/popper.min.js" 
         integrity = "sha384-ZMP7rVo3mIykV+2+9J3UJ46jBk0WLaUAdn689aCwoqbBJiSnjAK/l8WvCWPIPm49" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
      <script src = "https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/js/bootstrap.min.js" 
         integrity = "sha384-ChfqqxuZUCnJSK3+MXmPNIyE6ZbWh2IMqE241rYiqJxyMiZ6OW/JmZQ5stwEULTy" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
   </body>
</html>
It will produce the following result −
Bootstrap 4 uses container classes to wrap the page's contents. It contains two container classes −
.container − It represents a fixed width container.
.container − It represents a fixed width container.
.container-fluid − It represents a full width container.
.container-fluid − It represents a full width container.
The .container class is used to wrap the page content with fixed width and content can be placed in the center easily by using the .container class as shown below.
<div class = "container">
   ...
</div>

The below example specifies a simple web page with fixed width container −
<html lang = "en">
   <head>
      <!-- Meta tags -->
      <meta charset = "utf-8">
      <meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width, initial-scale = 1, shrink-to-fit = no">
      
      <!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
      <link rel = "stylesheet" 
         href = "https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/css/bootstrap.min.css" 
         integrity = "sha384-MCw98/SFnGE8fJT3GXwEOngsV7Zt27NXFoaoApmYm81iuXoPkFOJwJ8ERdknLPMO" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      <title>Bootstrap 4 Example</title>
      <style>
         .container {
            background: #a52c644a;
            text-align: center;
            padding-top: 100px;
            padding-bottom: 100px;
         }   
      </style>
   </head>
   
   <body>
      <div class = "container">
         <h2>Fixed Width Container</h2>
         This is a simple web page with fixed width container by using 
         <code>.container</code> class.
      </div>
      
      <!-- jQuery first, then Popper.js, then Bootstrap JS -->
      <script src = "https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.slim.min.js" 
         integrity = "sha384-q8i/X+965DzO0rT7abK41JStQIAqVgRVzpbzo5smXKp4YfRvH+8abtTE1Pi6jizo" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
      <script src = "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.3/umd/popper.min.js" 
         integrity = "sha384-ZMP7rVo3mIykV+2+9J3UJ46jBk0WLaUAdn689aCwoqbBJiSnjAK/l8WvCWPIPm49" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
      <script src = "https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/js/bootstrap.min.js" 
         integrity = "sha384-ChfqqxuZUCnJSK3+MXmPNIyE6ZbWh2IMqE241rYiqJxyMiZ6OW/JmZQ5stwEULTy" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
   </body>
</html>
It will produce the following result −
You can create a full width container by using the .container-fluid class as shown below.
<div class = "container-fluid">
   ...
</div>

The below example specifies a simple web page with full width container −
<html lang = "en">
   <head>
      <!-- Meta tags -->
      <meta charset = "utf-8">
      <meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width, initial-scale = 1, shrink-to-fit = no">
      
      <!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
      <link rel = "stylesheet" 
         href = "https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/css/bootstrap.min.css" 
         integrity = "sha384-MCw98/SFnGE8fJT3GXwEOngsV7Zt27NXFoaoApmYm81iuXoPkFOJwJ8ERdknLPMO" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      <title>Bootstrap 4 Example</title>
       <style>
         .container-fluid {
            background: #a52c644a;
            text-align: center;
            padding-top: 100px;
            padding-bottom: 100px;
         }   
      </style>
   </head>
   
   <body>
      <div class = "container-fluid">
         <h2>Full Width Container</h2>
         This is a simple web page with full width container by using 
         <code>.container-fluid</code> class.
      </div>
      
      <!-- jQuery first, then Popper.js, then Bootstrap JS -->
      <script src = "https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.slim.min.js" 
         integrity = "sha384-q8i/X+965DzO0rT7abK41JStQIAqVgRVzpbzo5smXKp4YfRvH+8abtTE1Pi6jizo" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
      <script src = "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.3/umd/popper.min.js" 
         integrity =" sha384-ZMP7rVo3mIykV+2+9J3UJ46jBk0WLaUAdn689aCwoqbBJiSnjAK/l8WvCWPIPm49" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
      <script src = "https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/js/bootstrap.min.js" 
         integrity = "sha384-ChfqqxuZUCnJSK3+MXmPNIyE6ZbWh2IMqE241rYiqJxyMiZ6OW/JmZQ5stwEULTy" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
   </body>
</html>
It will produce the following result −
Bootstrap 4 grid system built with flexbox which is fully responsive and scales up to 12 columns (according to the size of device) by creating layout with rows and columns across the page. It provides responsive, mobile first fluid grid system which scales the columns as the device or viewport size increases.
Rows must be placed within a .container class for proper alignment and padding.
Rows must be placed within a .container class for proper alignment and padding.
For responsive width use .container class and for fixed width across all viewport, use the .container-fluid class.
For responsive width use .container class and for fixed width across all viewport, use the .container-fluid class.
Use rows to create horizontal groups of columns.
Use rows to create horizontal groups of columns.
Content should be placed within the columns, and only columns may be the immediate children of rows.
Content should be placed within the columns, and only columns may be the immediate children of rows.
Columns contain padding for controlling the space between them.
Columns contain padding for controlling the space between them.
If you place more than 12 columns in a row, then the columns will be placed in a new line. 
If you place more than 12 columns in a row, then the columns will be placed in a new line. 
Columns create gaps between column content via padding. Therefore, you can remove the margin from rows and padding from columns with .no-gutters class on the row.
Columns create gaps between column content via padding. Therefore, you can remove the margin from rows and padding from columns with .no-gutters class on the row.
You can make grid system responsive by using five grid breakpoints such as extra small, small, medium, large, and extra large.
You can make grid system responsive by using five grid breakpoints such as extra small, small, medium, large, and extra large.
Predefined grid classes like .col-4 are available for quickly making grid layouts. LESS mixins can also be used for more semantic layouts.
Predefined grid classes like .col-4 are available for quickly making grid layouts. LESS mixins can also be used for more semantic layouts.
The following table summarizes aspects of how Bootstrap 4 grid system works across multiple devices −
30px
(15px on each side of a column)
30px
(15px on each side of a column)
30px
(15px on each side of a column)
30px
(15px on each side of a column)
30px
(15px on each side of a column)
Following is basic structure of Bootstrap 4 grid −
<div class = "container">
   <div class = "row">
      <div class = "col-*-*"></div>
      <div class = "col-*-*"></div>
   </div>
   
   <div class = "row">
      <div class = "col-*-*"></div>
      <div class = "col-*-*"></div>
      <div class = "col-*-*"></div>	  
   </div>
   
   <div class = "row">...</div>
</div>
Following is an example of Bootstrap 4 grid system −
<html lang = "en">
   <head>
      <!-- Meta tags -->
      <meta charset = "utf-8">
      <meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width, initial-scale = 1, shrink-to-fit = no">
      
      <!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
      <link rel = "stylesheet" 
         href = "https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/css/bootstrap.min.css" 
         integrity = "sha384-MCw98/SFnGE8fJT3GXwEOngsV7Zt27NXFoaoApmYm81iuXoPkFOJwJ8ERdknLPMO" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      <title>Bootstrap 4 Example</title>
      </style>
         .grid_system  div[class^="col"] {
            border: 1px solid white;
            background: #e4dcdc;
            text-align: center;
            padding-top: 5px;
            padding-bottom: 5px
         }
      </style>
   </head>
   
   <body>
      <div class = "grid_system">
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-1">.col-sm-1</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-1">.col-sm-1</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-1">.col-sm-1</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-1">.col-sm-1</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-1">.col-sm-1</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-1">.col-sm-1</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-1">.col-sm-1</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-1">.col-sm-1</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-1">.col-sm-1</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-1">.col-sm-1</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-1">.col-sm-1</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-1">.col-sm-1</div>
         </div>
         
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-3">.col-sm-3</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-3">.col-sm-3</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-3">.col-sm-3</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-3">.col-sm-3</div>
         </div>
         
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-4">.col-sm-4</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-4">.col-sm-4</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-4">.col-sm-4</div>
         </div>
         
         <div class = "row">
            <div class =" col-sm-3">.col-sm-3</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-3">.col-sm-3</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-6">.col-sm-6</div>
         </div>
         
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-5">.col-sm-5</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-7">.col-sm-7</div>
         </div>
         
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-6">.col-sm-6</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-6">.col-sm-6</div>
         </div>
         
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-12">.col-sm-12</div>
         </div>
      </div>
      
      <!-- jQuery first, then Popper.js, then Bootstrap JS -->
      <script src = "https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.slim.min.js"
         integrity = "sha384-q8i/X+965DzO0rT7abK41JStQIAqVgRVzpbzo5smXKp4YfRvH+8abtTE1Pi6jizo" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
      <script src = "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.3/umd/popper.min.js" 
         integrity = "sha384-ZMP7rVo3mIykV+2+9J3UJ46jBk0WLaUAdn689aCwoqbBJiSnjAK/l8WvCWPIPm49" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
      <script src = "https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/js/bootstrap.min.js" 
         integrity = "sha384-ChfqqxuZUCnJSK3+MXmPNIyE6ZbWh2IMqE241rYiqJxyMiZ6OW/JmZQ5stwEULTy" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
   </body>
</html>
It will produce the following result −
The following example describes creating two column layouts for small, medium and large devices. On small devices such as mobile phones, columns will automatically become horizontal as default.
<html lang = "en">
   <head>
      <!-- Meta tags -->
      <meta charset = "utf-8">
      <meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width, initial-scale = 1, shrink-to-fit = no">
      
      <!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
      <link rel = "stylesheet" href = "https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/css/bootstrap.min.css" 
         integrity = "sha384-MCw98/SFnGE8fJT3GXwEOngsV7Zt27NXFoaoApmYm81iuXoPkFOJwJ8ERdknLPMO" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      <title>Bootstrap 4 Example</title>
   </head>
   
   <body>
      <div class = "grid_system">
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-6">.col-sm-6</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-6">.col-sm-6</div>
         </div>
         
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-7">.col-sm-7</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-5">.col-sm-5</div>
         </div>
         
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-4">.col-sm-4</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-8">.col-sm-8</div>
         </div>
		 
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-9">.col-sm-9</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-3">.col-sm-3</div>
         </div>
      </div>
      
      <!-- jQuery first, then Popper.js, then Bootstrap JS -->
      <script src = "https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.slim.min.js" 
         integrity = "sha384-q8i/X+965DzO0rT7abK41JStQIAqVgRVzpbzo5smXKp4YfRvH+8abtTE1Pi6jizo" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
      <script src = "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.3/umd/popper.min.js" 
         integrity = "sha384-ZMP7rVo3mIykV+2+9J3UJ46jBk0WLaUAdn689aCwoqbBJiSnjAK/l8WvCWPIPm49" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
      <script src = "https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/js/bootstrap.min.js" 
         integrity = "sha384-ChfqqxuZUCnJSK3+MXmPNIyE6ZbWh2IMqE241rYiqJxyMiZ6OW/JmZQ5stwEULTy" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
   </body>
</html>
It will produce the following result −
The following example describes creating three column layouts for medium and large devices. If the screen resolution is more than or equal to 992 pixels, then it will display in landscape mode in tablets and as usual, it will display in portrait mode.
<html lang = "en">
   <head>
      <!-- Meta tags -->
      <meta charset = "utf-8">
      <meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width, initial-scale = 1, shrink-to-fit = no">
      
      <!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
      <link rel = " stylesheet" href = " https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/css/bootstrap.min.css" 
         integrity = "sha384-MCw98/SFnGE8fJT3GXwEOngsV7Zt27NXFoaoApmYm81iuXoPkFOJwJ8ERdknLPMO"
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      <title>Bootstrap 4 Example</title>
   </head>
   
   <body>
      <div class = "grid_system">
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-4">.col-sm-4</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-4">.col-sm-4</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-4">.col-sm-4</div>
         </div>
         
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-3">.col-sm-3</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-4">.col-sm-4</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-5">.col-sm-5</div>
         </div>
         
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-2">.col-sm-2</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-8">.col-sm-8</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-2">.col-sm-2</div>
         </div>
		
         <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-sm-2">.col-sm-2</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-3">.col-sm-3</div>
            <div class = "col-sm-7">.col-sm-7</div>
         </div>
      </div>
      
      <!-- jQuery first, then Popper.js, then Bootstrap JS -->
      <script src = "https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.slim.min.js" 
         integrity = "sha384-q8i/X+965DzO0rT7abK41JStQIAqVgRVzpbzo5smXKp4YfRvH+8abtTE1Pi6jizo" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
      <script src = "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.3/umd/popper.min.js" 
         integrity = "sha384-ZMP7rVo3mIykV+2+9J3UJ46jBk0WLaUAdn689aCwoqbBJiSnjAK/l8WvCWPIPm49" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
      <script src = "https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/js/bootstrap.min.js" 
         integrity = "sha384-ChfqqxuZUCnJSK3+MXmPNIyE6ZbWh2IMqE241rYiqJxyMiZ6OW/JmZQ5stwEULTy" 
         crossorigin = "anonymous">
      </script>
      
   </body>
</html>
It will produce the following result −
Bootstrap 4 uses collection of content methods for displaying the text, blocks of code, responsive images, data in a tabular format etc on the web page.
The following table lists down the content methods which you can use to manipulate the Bootstrap 4 −
Typography
The typography feature creates headings, paragraphs, lists and other inline elements.
Code
It is used to display inline and multiline blocks of code in the document.
Images
Bootstrap 4 provides support for images by using <img> tag.
Tables
Tables are used for displaying the data in a tabular format.
Figures
The figure element specifies the content along with related images with an optional caption.
Bootstrap 4 uses collection of content methods for displaying the text, blocks of code, responsive images, data in a tabular format etc on the web page.
The following table lists down the content methods which you can use to manipulate the Bootstrap 4 −
Alerts
The alert component specifies the predefined message for user actions.
Badges
Badges are used to highlight the additional information to the content.
Breadcrumb
It is used to show hierarchy-based information for a site.
Buttons
Bootstrap provides clickable button to put content such as text and images.
Button group
Button groups allow multiple buttons to be stacked together on a single line.
Cards
Card is a content container which displays a bordered box with some padding around it.
Carousel
Carousel is a flexible, responsive way to add a slider to your site.
Collapse
It is used to show or hide the content.
Dropdowns
Dropdown menus can be used for displaying links in a list format.
Forms
The form element is used to collect input from user.
Input group
Using input groups you can easily prepend and append text or buttons to the text-based inputs.
Jumbotron
It increases the size of headings and adds a lot of margin for landing page content.
Modal
Modal is a child window that is layered over its parent window.
Navs
Bootstrap provides navigation items for your site in a horizontal menu.
Navbar
Navbar provides navigation headers for your application or site.
Pagination
Pagination is used to divide the related content across multiple pages.
Popovers
Popover is similar to tooltip, offering an extended view complete with a heading.
Progress
Progress bar shows progress of a process with stacked bars, animated backgrounds, and text labels.
Scrollspy
Scrollspy is used to indicate currently active link in the menu based on scroll position.
Tooltips
Tooltips are useful when you need to describe a link.
Bootstrap 4 uses collection of utilities for displaying borders, text color, embeding video etc on the web page.
The following table lists down the utilities types which you can use to manipulate the Bootstrap 4 −
Borders
Border utility provides style, color and radius of an element's border.
Clearfix and Close Icon
Clearfix is used to clear the floated content and close icon for dismissing the content.
Colors
Use the contextual classes to change the color of text, link and background color of an element.
Embed
It is used to embed the video in a page by using <iframe> element.
Float
It is used to float an element to left or right side.
Shadows and Spacing
Shadow utility adds shadow to the elements and spacing utility provides margin or padding values to an element.
Sizing
You can make the size of an element wide or tall by using width and height utilities.
Text
Bootstrap provides text utilities to control text alignment, transform, weight and more.
Flex
Flex utility can be used to manage the layout, alignment, grid columns, navigation and other components of the page.
Bootstrap is a powerful and popular mobile first front-end framework for building responsive mobile first sites on the web by using HTML, CSS and JS framework.
The following table shows differences in Bootstrap 3 and Bootstrap 4 −

    26 Lectures 
     2 hours 

 Anadi Sharma

    54 Lectures 
     4.5 hours 

 Frahaan Hussain

    161 Lectures 
     14.5 hours 

 Eduonix Learning Solutions

    20 Lectures 
     4 hours 

 Azaz Patel

    15 Lectures 
     1.5 hours 

 Muhammad Ismail

    62 Lectures 
     8 hours 

 Yossef Ayman Zedan
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