Print even and odd numbers in increasing order using two threads in Java

27 Jan, 2022
Prerequisite: Multithreading
Given an integer N, the task is to write Java Program to print the first N natural numbers in increasing order using two threads.
Examples:
Input: N = 10Output: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Input: N = 18Output: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Approach: The idea is to create two threads and print even numbers with one thread and odd numbers with another thread. Below are the steps:
Create two threads T1 and T2 using the below syntax, where T1 and T2 are used to print odd and even numbers respectively.Thread T1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {           public void run() { mt.printEvenNumber(); }});Thread T2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {           public void run() { mt.printOddNumber(); }});where,printOddNumber() is used to print all the odd numbers till N,printEvenNumber() is used to print all the even numbers till N.
Thread T1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {           public void run() { mt.printEvenNumber(); }});
Thread T2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {           public void run() { mt.printOddNumber(); }});
where,printOddNumber() is used to print all the odd numbers till N,printEvenNumber() is used to print all the even numbers till N.
Maintain a global counter variable and start both threads using the below function:T1.start();T2.start();
T1.start();T2.start();
If the counter is even in the Thread T1, then wait for the thread T2 to print that even number. Otherwise, print that odd number, increment the counter and notify to the Thread T2 using the function notify().
If the counter is odd in the Thread T2, then wait for the thread T1 to print that odd number. Otherwise, print that even number, increment the counter and notify the Thread T1 using the function notify().
Below is the implementation of the above approach:
Java
// Java program for the above approach  public class GFG {      // Starting counter    int counter = 1;      static int N;      // Function to print odd numbers    public void printOddNumber()    {        synchronized (this)        {            // Print number till the N            while (counter < N) {                  // If count is even then print                while (counter % 2 == 0) {                      // Exception handle                    try {                        wait();                    }                    catch (                        InterruptedException e) {                        e.printStackTrace();                    }                }                  // Print the number                System.out.print(counter + " ");                  // Increment counter                counter++;                  // Notify to second thread                notify();            }        }    }      // Function to print even numbers    public void printEvenNumber()    {        synchronized (this)        {            // Print number till the N            while (counter < N) {                  // If count is odd then print                while (counter % 2 == 1) {                      // Exception handle                    try {                        wait();                    }                    catch (                        InterruptedException e) {                        e.printStackTrace();                    }                }                  // Print the number                System.out.print(                    counter + " ");                  // Increment counter                counter++;                  // Notify to 2nd thread                notify();            }        }    }      // Driver Code    public static void main(String[] args)    {        // Given Number N        N = 10;          // Create an object of class        GFG mt = new GFG();          // Create thread t1        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {            public void run()            {                mt.printEvenNumber();            }        });          // Create thread t2        Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {            public void run()            {                mt.printOddNumber();            }        });          // Start both threads        t1.start();        t2.start();    }}
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Time Complexity: O(N)Auxiliary Space: O(1)
rajpiyush72
Java-Multithreading
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