How to store a very large number of more than 100 digits in C++ - GeeksforGeeks

06 Oct, 2021
Given an integer N in form of string str consisting of more than 100 digits, the task is to store the value for performing an arithmetic operation and print the given integer.Examples:  
Input: str = “54326789013892014531903492543267890138920145319034925432678901389201” Output: 54326789013892014531903492543267890138920145319034925432678901389201Input: str = “7890138920145319034925432678907890138920145319034925432678901903492543267890” Output: 7890138920145319034925432678907890138920145319034925432678901903492543267890  
 
Approach: No data type is present in C++ to store 10100. So, the idea is to use get the input as string (as string can be of any length) and then convert this string into an array of digits of the length same as the length of string. Storing the big integer into an integer array will help to perform some basic arithmetic on that number. Below are the steps: 
Take the large number as input and store it in a string.Create an integer array arr[] of length same as the string size.Iterate over all characters (digits) of string str one by one and store that digits in the corresponding index of the array arr  
Take the large number as input and store it in a string.
Create an integer array arr[] of length same as the string size.
Iterate over all characters (digits) of string str one by one and store that digits in the corresponding index of the array arr  
arr[i] = str[i] – ‘0’;// Here ‘0’ represents the digit 0, and // str[i] – ‘0’ = ASCII(str[i]) – ASCII(‘0’) = ASCII(str[i] – 48  
 Using the above step, we can store very very large number for doing any arithmetic operations.
 
Using the above step, we can store very very large number for doing any arithmetic operations.
Below is the implementation of the above approach: 
C++
// C++ program for the above approach#include <iostream>using namespace std; // Function to return dynamic allocated// array consisting integers individuallyint* GetBigInteger(string str){    int x = str.size(), a = 0;     // Create an array to store the big    // integer into it.     // Make the array size same as the    // size of string str    int* arr = new int[str.size()];     // Loop to extract string elements    // into the array one by one    while (a != x) {         // Subtracting '0' to convert        // each character into digit         // str[a] - '0'        // = ASCII(str[a]) - ASCII('0')        // = ASCII(str[a] - 48        arr[a] = str[a] - '0';        a++;    }     // Return the reference of the array    return arr;} // Driver Codeint main(){    // Big Integer in form of string str    string str = "12345678098765431234567809876543";     // Function Call    int* arr = GetBigInteger(str);     // Print the digits in the arr[]    for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i++) {        cout << arr[i];    }    return 0;}
12345678098765431234567809876543
 
Time Complexity: O(K), K is the number of digits in the number Auxiliary Space: O(K), K is the number of digits in the number 
arorakashish0911
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