coastalcph/tydi_xor_rc huggingface dataset:
Question: 原子説はいつ提唱された？
Context: In chemistry and physics, atomic theory is a scientific theory of the nature of matter, which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms. It began as a philosophical concept in ancient Greece and entered the scientific mainstream in the early 19th century when discoveries in the field of chemistry showed that matter did indeed behave as if it were made up of atoms.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 19th century
Question: 日本で最小の行政単位は何
Context: A is a local administrative unit in Japan with a population of at least 50,000 of which at least 60% of households must be established in a central urban area, and at least 60% of households must be employed in commerce, industry or other urban occupations. Cities are ranked on the same level as and ; the only difference is that they are not a component of . Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.
Answerable: yes
Answer: local administrative unit
Question: ゲーム会社アトラスの創始者は誰
Context: When Atlas Games did not have the finances to publish "On the Edge" (1994), they partnered with Jerry Corrick and Bob Brynildson and formed a new corporation called Trident, Inc. to publish the game. Eventually Atlas would be subsumed into Trident; Brynildson, Corrick, and their store - The Source Comics & Games - continued to support Atlas with their business experience and perspective.
Answerable: no
Answer: no
Question: 水底トンネルの役割は何？
Context: Each of the tunnels that run underneath the East and Hudson Rivers were marvels of engineering when first constructed. The Holland Tunnel is the oldest of the vehicular tunnels, opening to great fanfare in 1927 as the first mechanically ventilated underwater tunnel. The Queens Midtown Tunnel was opened in 1940 to relieve the congestion on the city's bridges. Each of its tubes were designed wider than the Holland Tunnel in order to accommodate the wider cars of the period. When the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel opened in 1950, it was the longest continuous underwater vehicular tunnel in North America, a title it still holds. The Lincoln Tunnel has three tubes linking midtown Manhattan to New Jersey, a configuration that provides the flexibility to provide four lanes in one direction during rush hours, or three lanes in both direction.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 0 to relieve the congestion on the city's bridges
Question: プロキシマ・ケンタウリbの大きさは？
Context: Proxima Centauri b (also called Proxima b or Alpha Centauri Cb) is an exoplanet orbiting in the habitable zone of the red dwarf star Proxima Centauri, which is the closest star to the Sun and part of a triple star system. It is located about 4.2 light-years (1.3 parsecs, 40 trillion km, or 25 trillion miles) from Earth in the constellation of Centaurus, making it the closest known exoplanet to the Solar System.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 40 trillion km
Question: モザンビークで信仰されている宗教はなんですか？
Context: Islam in Mozambique is the religion of approximately 60% of the total population. The vast majority of Mozambican Muslims are Sunni belonging to Shafi school of jurisprudence, although some Ismaili Shiite Muslims are also registered. The Muslims consists primarily of indigenous Mozambicans, citizens of South Asian (Indian and Pakistani) descent, and a very small number of North African and Middle Eastern immigrants.

Answerable: yes
Answer: Islam
Question: チェロの起源はいつ
Context: The violin family, including cello-sized instruments, emerged c. 1500 as family of instruments distinct from the viola da gamba family. The earliest depictions of the violin family, from northern Italy c. 1530, show three sizes of instruments, roughly corresponding to what we now call violins, violas, and cellos. Contrary to a popular misconception, the cello did not evolve from the viola da gamba, but existed alongside it for about two and a half centuries. The violin family is also known as the viola da braccio (meaning viola of the arm) family, a reference to the primary way the members of the family are held. This is to distinguish it from the viola da gamba (meaning viola of the leg) family, in which all the members are all held with the legs. The likely predecessors of the violin family include the lira da braccio and the rebec. The earliest surviving cellos are made by Andrea Amati, the first known member of the celebrated Amati family of luthiers.
Answerable: yes
Answer: c. 1500
Question: ナサニエル・アーチボルトはドラフト何巡目で指名された？
Context: Archibald was selected in the second round of the 1970 NBA draft (19th pick) by the Cincinnati Royals. He was also drafted by the Texas Chaparrals of the American Basketball Association. In 1972–73 season, Archibald led the NBA in scoring and assists, becoming the only player to win the titles in both categories in the same season. (In the 1967–68 season, Oscar Robertson led the NBA in points and assists per game but did not win the titles because they were based on totals rather than averages at the time.) His scoring average of 34.0 points per game broke the NBA record for a guard. His 910 assists that season (11.4 assists per game) was also an NBA record at the time, breaking Guy Rodgers' mark of 908. He was named the Sporting News NBA MVP that season. Archibald played for the Kansas City Kings from 1970 to 1976.
Answerable: yes
Answer: second
Question: ウェットスーツを発明氏だのは誰
Context: Hugh Bradner, a University of California, Berkeley, physicist invented the modern wetsuit in 1952. Wetsuits became available in the mid-1950s and evolved as the relatively fragile foamed neoprene was first backed, and later sandwiched, with thin sheets of tougher material such as nylon or later Lycra/Spandex. Improvements in the way joints in the wetsuit were made by gluing, taping and blindstitching, helped the suit to remain waterproof and reduce "flushing", the replacement of water trapped between suit and body by cold water from the outside. Further improvements in the seals at the neck, wrists, ankles and zippers produced a suit known as a "semi-dry".
Answerable: yes
Answer: Hugh Bradner
Question: 超光速航法とはなんですか？
Context: Faster-than-light (also superluminal or FTL) communication and travel are the conjectural propagation of information or matter faster than the speed of light.
Answerable: yes
Answer: conjectural propagation of information or matter faster than the speed of light
Question: モダフィニルを開発したのは誰
Context: Modafinil was originally developed in France by neurophysiologist and emeritus experimental medicine professor Michel Jouvet and Lafon Laboratories. Modafinil originated with the late 1970s invention of a series of benzhydryl sulfinyl compounds, including adrafinil, which was first offered as an experimental treatment for narcolepsy in France in 1986. Modafinil is the primary metabolite of adrafinil, lacking the polar -OH group on its terminal amide, and has similar activity to the parent drug but is much more widely used. It has been prescribed in France since 1994 under the name Modiodal, and in the US since 1998 as Provigil.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Michel Jouvet
Question: イスパノアメリカ独立戦争のターニングポイントは？
Context: The Peninsular War was the trigger for conflicts in Spanish America in the absence of a legitimate monarch. The Peninsular War began an extended period of instability in the worldwide Spanish monarchy that lasted until 1823. Napoleon's capture of the Bourbon monarchs precipitated a political crisis in Spain and Spanish America. Although the Spanish world almost uniformly rejected Napoleon's plan to place his brother, Joseph, on the throne, there was no clear solution to the lack of a king. Following traditional Spanish political theories on the contractual nature of the monarchy (see Philosophy of Law of Francisco Suárez), the peninsular provinces responded to the crisis by establishing juntas. The move, however, led to more confusion, since there was no central authority and most juntas did not recognize the claim of some juntas to represent the monarchy as a whole. The Junta of Seville, in particular, claimed authority over the overseas empire, because of the province's historic role as the exclusive entrepôt of the empire.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Peninsular War
Question: 身体醜形障害は拒食症につながる？
Context: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), occasionally still called dysmorphophobia, is a mental disorder characterized by the obsessive idea that some aspect of one's own body part or appearance is severely flawed and warrants exceptional measures to hide or fix their dysmorphic part on their figure. In BDD's delusional variant, the flaw is imagined. If the flaw is actual, its importance is severely exaggerated. Either way, thoughts about the dysmorphia are pervasive and intrusive, occupying up to several hours a day or more. The "DSM-5" categorizes BDD in the obsessive–compulsive spectrum, and distinguishes it from anorexia nervosa.
BDD is estimated to affect up to 2.4% of the population. It usually starts during adolescence and affects both men and women. The BDD subtype muscle dysmorphia, perceiving the body as too small, affects mostly males. Besides thinking about it, one repetitively checks and compares the perceived flaw, and can adopt unusual routines to avoid social contact that exposes it. Fearing the stigma of vanity, one usually hides the preoccupation. Commonly unsuspected even by psychiatrists, BDD has been underdiagnosed. Severely impairing quality of life via educational and occupational dysfunction and social isolation, BDD has high rates of suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts.
Answerable: yes
Answer: distinguishes
Question: ジャック・ヒギンズのデビュー作はなんですか？
Context: He first played competitive football with Ormond Football Club in the South Metro Junior Football League before later moving to play for East Malvern Junior Football Club in the same league. Higgins was an impressive junior player and leader, captaining his side to a Division 1 premiership at under-13 level in 2012. He was named best on ground in that grand final and kicked a sealing goal deep into the fourth quarter of the match to win his side the final. His dedication to the sport was already on full display, having already learnt to kick proficiently on his left leg at age ten in order to win a bet with his dad. Such was his dedication that when he missed out on the 50-player Victorian state squad at under-12 level he immediately went to the park to run 200 metre sprints in an effort to improve his attributes. In fact he even worked with a specialist running coach as early as age 13.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Ormond Football Club
Question: 慕容 評の性別は？
Context: Murong Ping (慕容評) was a regent of the Chinese/Xianbei state Former Yan during the reign of Murong Wei (Emperor You), after the death of the previous, far more capable regent Murong Ke. He, along with Murong Wei's mother Empress Dowager Kezuhun, is often blamed for Former Yan's decline and fall.
Answerable: yes
Answer: He
Question: ムーアとはどのような土地ですか？
Context: The Moore River Native Settlement was the name of the now defunct Aboriginal settlement and internment camp located north of Perth and west of Mogumber in Western Australia, near the headwaters of the Moore River.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Aboriginal settlement and internment camp
Question: インカ帝国はいつ滅亡した？
Context: The Spanish installed Atahualpa's brother Manco Inca Yupanqui in power; for some time Manco cooperated with the Spanish while they fought to put down resistance in the north. Meanwhile, an associate of Pizarro, Diego de Almagro, attempted to claim Cusco. Manco tried to use this intra-Spanish feud to his advantage, recapturing Cusco in 1536, but the Spanish retook the city afterwards. Manco Inca then retreated to the mountains of Vilcabamba and established the small Neo-Inca State, where he and his successors ruled for another 36 years, sometimes raiding the Spanish or inciting revolts against them. In 1572 the last Inca stronghold was conquered and the last ruler, Túpac Amaru, Manco's son, was captured and executed. This ended resistance to the Spanish conquest under the political authority of the Inca state.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 1572
Question: 教皇不可謬説の提唱者は誰？
Context: Papal infallibility is a dogma of the Catholic Church that states that, in virtue of the promise of Jesus to Peter, the Pope is preserved from the possibility of error "when, in the exercise of his office as shepherd and teacher of all Christians, in virtue of his supreme apostolic authority, he defines a doctrine concerning faith or morals to be held by the whole Church." "Infallibility means more than exemption from actual error; it means exemption from the possibility of error;..." 
Answerable: yes
Answer: Catholic Church
Question: WordStarが初めて発売されたのはいつ
Context: WorldStarHipHop is a content-aggregating video blog. Founded in 2005, the site averages 528,726 unique visitors a day. Alexa ranks the site 235th in site traffic in the United States and 992nd for worldwide traffic. The site, operated by Worldstar, LLC, was founded by Lee "Q" O'Denat at age 31, a Hollis, Queens–based hip-hop fan and Grover Cleveland High School dropout. Described by "Vibe" as a "remnant of the Geocities generation", the site regularly features public fighting caught on video, music videos and assorted content targeted to young audiences. O'Denat referred to the site as the "CNN of the ghetto". In 2012, Alexa Internet stated "Compared with all Internet users, its users are disproportionately young people and they tend to be childless, moderately educated men 18–21 who browse from school and work."
Answerable: yes
Answer: 2005
Question: エクトル・ベルリオーズのデビュー曲は何
Context: At age 22 Berlioz fell in love with the Irish Shakespearean actress Harriet Smithson, and he pursued her obsessively until she finally accepted him seven years later. Their marriage was happy at first but eventually foundered. Harriet inspired his first major success, the "Symphonie fantastique", in which an idealised depiction of her occurs throughout.
Answerable: yes
Answer: "Symphonie fantastique"
Question: ジョン・ディキンソンの最終階位は何
Context: In Philadelphia, he lived at his wife's property, Fair Hill, near Germantown, which they modernized through their combined wealth. Meanwhile, he built an elegant mansion on Chestnut Street but never lived there as it was confiscated and turned into a hospital during his 1776–77 absence in Delaware. It then became the residence of the French ambassador and still later the home of his brother, Philemon Dickinson. Fair Hill was burned by the British during the Battle of Germantown. While in Philadelphia as State President, he lived at the confiscated mansion of Joseph Galloway at Sixth and Market Streets, now established as the State Presidential mansion.
Answerable: yes
Answer: State President
Question: 「エトルリア同盟」が結成されたのいつ
Context: According to legend, there was a period between 600 BC and 500 BC in which an alliance was formed among twelve Etruscan settlements, known today as the "Etruscan League", "Etruscan Federation", or "Dodecapolis" (in Greek Δωδεκάπολις). The Etruscan League of twelve cities was founded by two Lydian noblemen: Tarchon and his brother Tyrrhenus. Tarchon lent his name to the city of Tarchna, or Tarquinnii, as it was known by the Romans. Tyrrhenus gave his name to the Tyrrhenians, the alternative name for the Etruscans. Although there is no consensus on which cities were in the league, the following list may be close to the mark: Arretium, Caisra, Clevsin, Curtun, Perusna, Pupluna, Veii, Tarchna, Vetluna, Volterra, Velzna, and Velch. Some modern authors include Rusellae. The league was mostly an economic and religious league, or a loose confederation, similar to the Greek states. During the later imperial times, when Etruria was just one of many regions controlled by Rome, the number of cities in the league increased by three. This is noted on many later grave stones from the 2nd century BC onwards. According to Livy, the twelve city-states met once a year at the Fanum Voltumnae at Volsinii, where a leader was chosen to represent the league.
Answerable: yes
Answer: between 600 BC and 500 BC
Question: サーモグラフィーを開発したのは誰
Context: Infrared was discovered in 1800 by Sir William Herschel as a form of radiation beyond red light. These "infrared rays" (infra is the Latin prefix for "below") were used mainly for thermal measurement. There are four basic laws of IR radiation: Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation, Stefan-Boltzmann law, Planck’s law, and Wien’s displacement law. The development of detectors was mainly focused on the use of thermometer and bolometers until World War I. A significant step in the development of detectors occurred in 1829, when Leopoldo Nobili, using the Seebeck effect, created the first known thermocouple, fabricating an improved thermometer, a crude thermopile. He described this instrument to Macedonio Melloni. Initially, they jointly developed a greatly improved instrument. Subsequently, Melloni worked alone, developing an instrument in 1833 (a multielement thermopile) that could detect a person 10 meters away. The next significant step in improving detectors was the bolometer, invented in 1880 by Samuel Pierpont Langley. Langley and his assistant Charles Greeley Abbot continued to make improvements in this instrument. By 1901, it had the capability to detect radiation from a cow from 400 meters away, and was sensitive to differences in temperature of one hundred thousandths of a degree Celsius.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Sir William Herschel
Question: セリー・オークに大学はある？
Context: University of Birmingham School is a mixed free school that occupies a new, purpose-built building located on the University of Birmingham's Selly Oak campus. The University of Birmingham School opened in September 2015, and is sponsored by the University of Birmingham and managed by an Academy Trust.
Answerable: no
Answer: no
Question: イングランドの七王国の名前はなんですか？
Context: The Anglo-Saxons were the members of Germanic-speaking groups who migrated to the southern half of the island of Great Britain from nearby northwestern Europe and their cultural descendants. Anglo-Saxon history thus begins during the period of Sub-Roman Britain following the end of Roman control, and traces the establishment of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the 5th and 6th centuries (conventionally identified as seven main kingdoms: Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Sussex, and Wessex), their Christianisation during the 7th century, the threat of Viking invasions and Danish settlers, the gradual unification of England under Wessex hegemony during the 9th and 10th centuries, and ending with the Norman conquest of England by William the Conqueror in 1066.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Sussex, and Wessex
Question: モータースポーツの発祥はどこ？
Context: In 1894, a French newspaper organised a race from Paris to Rouen and back, starting city to city racing. In 1900, the Gordon Bennett Cup was established. Closed circuit racing arose as open road racing, on public roads, was banned. Brooklands was the first dedicated motor racing track in the United Kingdom.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Paris
Question: 天体物理データシステムはいつ開発された
Context: An initial version of ADS, with a database consisting of 40 papers, was created as a proof of concept in 1988, and the ADS database was successfully connected with the SIMBAD database in the summer of 1993. The creators believed this was the first use of the Internet to allow simultaneous querying of transatlantic scientific databases. Until 1994, the service was available via proprietary network software, but it was transferred to the nascent World Wide Web early that year. The number of users of the service quadrupled in the five weeks following the introduction of the ADS web-based service.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 1988
Question: ウィリアム3世は何年に死去しましたか？
Context: William III (; 4 November 1650 – 8 March 1702), also widely known as William of Orange, was sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from 1672 and King of England, Ireland and Scotland from 1689 until his death in 1702. As King of Scotland, he is known as William II. He is sometimes informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy".
Answerable: yes
Answer: 1702
Question: 『聖闘士星矢』を放送した放送局は何
Context: An anime adaptation based on the "Saint Seiya" manga was created by Toei Animation and broadcast on TV Asahi from October 11, 1986 to 1989. It was directed first by Kōzō Morishita (episodes 1–73) and then by Kazuhito Kikuchi (episodes 74–114). The character designers and aestheticists were Shingo Araki and Michi Himeno, and Seiji Yokoyama composed the soundtracks. Following Kurumada's storylines from the manga closely, the chief scriptwriters were Takao Koyama (1-73) and Yoshiyuki Suga (74-114). The series has three main parts: "Sanctuary" (episodes 1–73), "Asgard", which exists only in the anime adaptation (episodes 74–99), and "Poseidon" (episodes 100–114). The anime was cancelled and left unfinished in 1989, leaving one arc of the manga not animated.
Answerable: yes
Answer: TV Asahi
Question: 羯族の公用語はなんですか？
Context: Another theory claims that a surviving sentence of the Jie language appears to be indicate that it was a Yeniseian language. The reconstructed name "Kiat" (see above) may be cognate with the ethnonyms of Yeniseian-speaking peoples, such as the Ket and the Kott (who spoke the extinct Kott language); however, Vovin et al. (2016) connected the ethnonyms to Proto-Yeniseian *keˀt "person, human being" rather than *qeˀt/s "stone" as proposed by Pulleyblank.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Yeniseian
Question: Manchester Mark Iを発明したのは誰
Context: Based on the Manchester Mark 1, which was designed at the University of Manchester by Freddie Williams and Tom Kilburn, the machine was built by Ferranti of the United Kingdom. The Manchester Mark 1 effectively served as a prototype for the Ferranti Mark 1; the main improvements over it were in the size of the primary and secondary storage, a faster multiplier, and additional instructions.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Freddie Williams and Tom Kilburn
Question: アメリカ合衆国で共産主義革命が起きたことはある？
Context: Although Marxist theory suggested that the places ripest for social revolution—either through peaceful transition or by force of arms—were industrial societies, communism was mostly successful in underdeveloped countries with endemic poverty such as the Russian Empire and the Republic of China. In 1917, the Bolshevik Party seized power during the Russian Revolution and created the Soviet Union, the world's first Marxist state. The Bolsheviks thoroughly embraced the concept of proletarian internationalism and world revolution, seeing their struggle as an international rather than a purely regional cause. This was to have a phenomenal impact on the spread of communism during the twentieth century as the Soviet Union installed new communist governments in Central and Eastern Europe following World War II and indirectly backed the ascension of others in the Americas, Asia and Africa. Pivotal to this policy was the Communist International (also simply known as the Commintern), which was formed with the perspective of aiding and assisting communist parties around the world and fostering revolution. This was one major cause of tensions during the Cold War as the United States and its military allies equated the global spread of communism with Soviet expansionism by proxy.
Answerable: no
Answer: no
Question: ＭＬＢで初めてナックルボールを投げたのは誰
Context: Knuckleball pitchers are baseball players who rely on the knuckleball as their primary pitch, or pitch primarily based on their ability to throw a knuckleball. The inventor of the knuckleball has never been established, although several pitchers from the early 20th century have been credited. Baseball statistician and historian Rob Neyer named four individuals in an article he wrote in the 2004 book "The Neyer/James Guide to Pitchers" as potentially deserving credit, any of whom may have originated the pitch in either the or seasons. Nap Rucker of the Brooklyn Dodgers came up to the majors in 1907, initially throwing hard stuff but later switching to the knuckleball. A 1908 article credited Lew Moren as the inventor of the pitch. Ed Cicotte earned a full-time spot with the Detroit Tigers in 1908, earning the nickname "Knuckles" for his signature pitch. A picture of Ed Summers showed him gripping what he called a "dry spitter" using a variation of the knuckleball grip using the knuckles of his index and middle fingers.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Nap Rucker
Question: エリザベス・アン・ベイリー・シートンの性別は何？
Context: Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton, SC, (August 28, 1774 – January 4, 1821) was the first native-born citizen of the United States to be canonized by the Roman Catholic Church (September 14, 1975). She established the first Catholic girls' school in the nation in Emmitsburg, Maryland, where she also founded the first American congregation of religious sisters, the Sisters of Charity.
Answerable: yes
Answer: She
Question: 説話集『千夜一夜物語』は何年に初出版されましたか？
Context: One Thousand and One Nights () is a collection of Middle Eastern folk tales compiled in Arabic during the Islamic Golden Age. It is often known in English as the Arabian Nights, from the first English-language edition (c. 1706 – c. 1721), which rendered the title as "The Arabian Nights' Entertainment".
Answerable: yes
Answer: 1706
Question: 『クシエルの遺産』の出版社は何
Context: Kushiel's Legacy is a series of fantasy novels by Jacqueline Carey, comprising the Phèdre Trilogy and the Imriel Trilogy (called the "Treason's Heir" trilogy in the United Kingdom). Since the series features a fictional version of medieval Western Europe, it can be considered historical fantasy or alternate history.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Jacqueline Carey
Question: ヨーゼフ・メンゲレはどのように亡くなりましたか？
Context: Mengele's health had been steadily deteriorating since 1972. He suffered a stroke in 1976, and he also had high blood pressure and an ear infection that affected his balance. On 7 February 1979, while visiting his friends Wolfram and Liselotte Bossert in the coastal resort of Bertioga, he suffered another stroke while swimming and drowned. Mengele was buried in Embu das Artes under the name "Wolfgang Gerhard", whose identification he had been using since 1971.
Answerable: yes
Answer: drowned
Question: エーギロカシスは海中に住んだ？
Context: Aegirocassis is an extinct genus of anomalocarid arthropod belonging to the family Hurdiidae that lived 480 million years ago during the early Ordovician. It is known by a single species, Aegirocassis benmoulai. A fossil of "A. benmoulai" from the Fezouata biota, Morocco was discovered by and named after Mohamed Ben Moula, a fossil collector who recognized its rare characteristics and brought it to the notice of a professional paleontologist, Peter Van Roy, at the Ghent University in Belgium. 
Van Roy initiated scientific study of the fossil, the earliest known of a "giant" filter-feeder discovered to date. "Aegirocassis" is considered to have evolved from early predatory anomalocarids. At the time of its existence, "A. benmoulai" was possibly the largest animal in the world. The length was described as exceeding in the scientific journal "Nature".
Answerable: no
Answer: no
Question: チャーン・サイモンズ理論はいつ提唱された？
Context: In the 1940s S. S. Chern and A. Weil studied the global curvature properties of smooth manifolds "M" as de Rham cohomology (Chern–Weil theory), which is an important step in the theory of characteristic classes in differential geometry. Given a flat "G"-principal bundle "P" on "M" there exists a unique homomorphism, called the Chern–Weil homomorphism, from the algebra of "G"-adjoint invariant polynomials on "g" (Lie algebra of "G") to the cohomology formula_1. If the invariant polynomial is homogeneous one can write down concretely any "k"-form of the closed connection "ω" as some 2"k"-form of the associated curvature form Ω of "ω".
Answerable: yes
Answer: 1940s
Question: 龍窯の発祥はどこ
Context: A dragon kiln () or "climbing kiln", is a traditional Chinese form of kiln, used for Chinese ceramics, especially in southern China. It is long and thin, and relies on having a fairly steep slope, typically between 10° and 16°, up which the kiln runs. The kiln could achieve the very high temperatures, sometimes as high as 1400 °C, necessary for high-fired wares including stoneware and porcelain, which long challenged European potters, and some examples were very large, up to 60 metres long, allowing up to 25,000 pieces to be fired at a time. By the early 12th century CE they might be over 135 metres long, allowing still larger quantities to be fired; more than 100,000 have been claimed.
Answerable: yes
Answer: southern China
Question: 欧州連合理事会の定員数は？
Context: The European Union (EU) has had permanent observer status at the United Nations (UN) since 1974, and has had enhanced participation rights since 2011. The EU itself does not have voting rights but it is represented alongside its 28 members, two of which (France and the United Kingdom) are permanent members of the Security Council.
Answerable: yes
Answer: two
Question: 袁 世凱の出身はどこ
Context: On September 16, 1859, Yuan was born as 
Yuan Shikai in the village of Zhangying (張營村), Xiangcheng County, Chenzhou Prefecture, Henan, China. The Yuan clan later moved 16 kilometers southeast of Xiangcheng to a hilly area that was easier to defend. There the Yuans had built a fortified village, Yuanzhaicun ().
Answerable: yes
Answer: Zhangying
Question: カール・クリスティアン・グメリンは生物学者？
Context: Karl (Carl) Christian Gmelin (18 March 1762, in Badenweiler – 26 June 1837, in Karlsruhe) was a German botanist. He was the brother of engraver Wilhelm Friedrich Gmelin (1760–1820).
Answerable: yes
Answer: botanist
Question: ハッテラス入り江砲台の戦いで北軍を率いたのは誰
Context: Howell detached from "Minnesota" later in 1861 to become the first commanding officer of the new gunboat , which was commissioned on 20 December 1861 and assigned to the East Gulf Blockading Squadron, with which she remained throughout her career. Under his command, "Tahoma" enjoyed many successes. On 26 April 1862, she chased a Confederate schooner until it ran aground, then destroyed it. In June 1862, she raided St. Mark's, Florida, where she burned a barracks and destroyed a battery of Confederate artillery. Off Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula, she captured the blockade runner "Uncle Mose", a schooner carrying 115 bales of cotton, after "Uncle Mose" mistakenly sailed up to her on 7 July 1862. Nine days later, Howell was promoted to commander on 16 July 1862.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Howell
Question: 三国志演義の著者は誰
Context: Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a 14th-century historical novel attributed to Luo Guanzhong. It is set in the turbulent years towards the end of the Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period in Chinese history, starting in 169 AD and ending with the reunification of the land in 280.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Luo Guanzhong.
Question: スワヒリ語は何か国で公用語とされている？
Context: The exact number of Swahili speakers, be it native or second-language speakers, is unknown and a matter of debate. Various estimates have been put forward and they vary widely, from 50 million to over 100 million. Swahili serves as a national language of four nations: Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, and the DRC. Shikomor, the official language in Comoros and also spoken in Mayotte (), is related to Swahili. Swahili is also one of the working languages of the African Union and officially recognised as a lingua franca of the East African Community. South Africa legalized the teaching of Swahili in South African schools as an optional subject beginning in 2020.
Answerable: yes
Answer: four
Question: アーレンの面積は？
Context: With an area of 146.63 km2, Aalen is ranked 7th in Baden-Württemberg and 2nd within the Government Region of Stuttgart, after Stuttgart. With a population of about 66,000, Aalen is the 15th most-populated settlement in Baden-Württemberg.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 146.63 km2
Question: 電子工学の先駆者は誰
Context: Electricity has been a subject of scientific interest since at least the early 17th century. William Gilbert was a prominent early electrical scientist, and was the first to draw a clear distinction between magnetism and static electricity. He is credited with establishing the term "electricity". He also designed the versorium: a device that detects the presence of statically charged objects. In 1762 Swedish professor Johan Carl Wilcke invented a device later named electrophorus that produced a static electric charge. By 1800 Alessandro Volta had developed the voltaic pile, a forerunner of the electric battery
Answerable: yes
Answer: William Gilbert
Question: ハリケーン・イニキの最大速度は？
Context: The origin of Iniki is unclear, but it possibly began as a tropical wave that exited the African coast on August 18. It moved westward across the unfavorable Atlantic Ocean and crossed Central America into the Pacific on August 28. The wave continued rapidly westward and remained disorganized. Conditions slowly became more favorable, and, as the convection concentrated around a center, the wave was classified Tropical Depression Eighteen-E on September 5. At this time, the wave was located 1700 miles (2700 km) southwest of Cabo San Lucas or 1550 miles (2500 km) east-southeast of Hilo. Initially, the thunderstorm activity was not concentrated towards the center and thus the depression was not expected to intensify beyond minimal tropical storm strength. The depression continued quickly westward and remained weak until September 8, when it slowed enough to strengthen to a tropical storm. Located at the southern periphery of a subtropical ridge, Iniki continued westward and strengthened over the unusually favorable central Pacific; it reached hurricane status on September 9 while 470 miles (760 km) south-southeast of Hilo. The subtropical ridge, which typically keeps hurricanes well away from the Hawaiian Islands, weakened due to an approaching upper level-trough and allowed Iniki to turn to the northwest. With very favorable upper-level outflow and warm water temperatures, Iniki steadily intensified, and attained major hurricane status on September 10 while south-southwest of the island chain.
As Iniki turned to the north, it continued to strengthen, reaching a peak of 145 mph (235 km/h) winds on September 11 while 170 miles (270 km) south-southwest of Poipū on the island of Kauai. It continued rapidly to the north-northeast, and made landfall on south-central Kauai early on the 11th with sustained winds of 145 mph (235 km/h), making Iniki a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. The National Weather Service reported wind gusts of up to 175 mph (280 km/h). The highest recorded wind speed from Hurricane Iniki was a 227 mph (365 km/h) reading from the Navy's Makaha Ridge radar station. According to the Honolulu Advertiser, that remarkable figure was recorded at a digital weather station whose wind gauging equipment blew off after taking the measurement during the storm. After crossing the island, Iniki rapidly accelerated north-northeastward, weakened rapidly, and was absorbed by a cold front as it lost tropical characteristics and became extratropical, on September 13, about halfway between Alaska and Hawaii.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 227 mph
Question: 行動生態学の先駆者は誰？
Context: Behavioral ecology, also spelled behavioural ecology, is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures. Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen outlined four questions to address when studying animal behaviors that are the proximate causes, ontogeny, survival value, and phylogeny of behavior.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Tinbergen
Question: 保守統一党が結成されたのはいつ
Context: The Justice Unity Party (, ) was a Thai pro-military and conservative political party established after the military coup d'état of 1991. It was founded by Narong Wongwan, who became party chairman, and others close to the National Peace Keeping Council. Samakkhi Tham represented the interests of the military, bureaucracy and provincial business owners. 
Answerable: yes
Answer: 1991
Question: 圏論を初めて研究したのは誰？
Context: Samuel Eilenberg and Saunders Mac Lane introduced the concepts of categories, functors, and natural transformations in 1942–45 in their study of algebraic topology, with the goal of understanding the processes that preserve mathematical structure.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Samuel Eilenberg and Saunders Mac Lane
Question: ベリャーエフ・サークルの結成当初のメンバー数は？
Context: Soon Belyayev became interested in other Russian composers. In 1884 he set up an annual Glinka Prize, named after pioneer Russian composer Mikhail Glinka (1804–1857). In 1885, disgusted with the quality of music publishing in Russia and the lack of foreign copyright for works printed there, he founded his own publishing firm in Leipzig, Germany. This firm initially issued works by Glazunov, Rimsky-Korsakov, Lyadov and Borodin at its own expense, and would boast a catalog of over 2000 works, all written by Russian composers, by the time of the October Revolution in 1917. At Rimsky-Korsakov's suggestion, Belyayev also founded his own concert series, the Russian Symphony Concerts, open exclusively to Russian composers. Among the works written especially for this series were the three by Rimsky-Korsakov for which he is currently best known in the West—"Scheherazade", the "Russian Easter Festival Overture" and "Capriccio Espagnol". These concerts would last until the October Revolution, and by 1910 would host premieres of 165 works. Belyayev set up an advisory council, made up of Glazunov, Lyadov and Rimsky-Korsakov, to select which among the many composers appealing for help should be assisted, either through money, publication or performances. This council would look through the compositions and appeals submitted and suggest which were deserving of patronage and public attention. Though the three worked together, Rimsky-Korsakov became the "de facto" leader of the group. "By force of matters purely musical I turned out to be the head of the Belyayev circle", he wrote. "As the head Belyayev, too, considered me, consulting me about everything and referring everyone to me as chief."
Answerable: yes
Answer: three
Question: ラース・フォン・トリアーの最終学歴は何？
Context: He studied film theory at the University of Copenhagen and film direction at the National Film School of Denmark. At 25, he won two Best School Film awards at the Munich International Festival of Film Schools for "Nocturne" and "Last Detail". The same year, he added the German nobiliary particle "von" to his name, possibly as a satirical homage to the equally self-invented titles of directors Erich von Stroheim and Josef von Sternberg, and saw his graduation film "Images of Liberation" released as a theatrical feature.
Answerable: yes
Answer: film theory at the University of Copenhagen and film direction at the National Film School of Denmark
Question: ハンザ同盟はどの様な同盟ですか？
Context: The Hanseatic League (; Middle Low German: "Hanse", "Düdesche Hanse", "Hansa"; Standard German: "Deutsche Hanse"; Latin: "Hansa Teutonica") was a commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and market towns in Northwestern and Central Europe. Growing from a few North German towns in the late 1100s, the league came to dominate Baltic maritime trade for three centuries along the coasts of Northern Europe. Hansa territories stretched from the Baltic to the North Sea and inland during the Late Middle Ages, and diminished slowly after 1450.
Answerable: yes
Answer: commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and market towns
Question: ルワンダは海に面していますか？
Context: Rwanda (; ), officially the Republic of Rwanda (; Swahili: "Jamhuri ya Rwanda"; ), is a country in Central and East Africa and one of the smallest countries on the African mainland. Located a few degrees south of the Equator, Rwanda is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Rwanda is in the African Great Lakes region and is highly elevated; its geography is dominated by mountains in the west and savanna to the east, with numerous lakes throughout the country. The climate is temperate to subtropical, with two rainy seasons and two dry seasons each year.
Answerable: no
Answer: no
Question: HIVがウイルスが完全に除去された事例はあるか？
Context: Timothy Ray Brown (born 1966) is an American considered to be the first person cured of HIV/AIDS. Brown was diagnosed with HIV in 1995 while studying in Berlin, Germany, giving him the nickname The Berlin Patient.
Answerable: no
Answer: no
Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？
Context: As part of the doctrines of the Church of God in Christ (COGIC), to which the Stewart family belonged, the parents – K.C and Alpha Stewart – encouraged musical expression in the household. Sylvester and his brother Freddie along with their sisters Rose and Vaetta formed "The Stewart Four" as children, performing gospel music in the Church of God in Christ and even recording a single local release 78 rpm single, "On the Battlefield" b/w "Walking in Jesus' Name", in 1952. The eldest sister, Loretta, was the only Stewart child not to pursue a musical career. All of the other Stewart children would later adopt the surname "Stone" and become members of Sly & the Family Stone.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 1952
Question: 『紳士は金髪がお好き』の主人公はリトルロック出身ですか？
Context: In Vienna, Lorelei meets ‘Dr. Froyd’ (Sigmund Freud) at the request of Spoffard, who is concerned about her health. Lorelei tells Freud that she has always done as she likes. Freud decides he cannot analyse Lorelei because she has never repressed a desire. He advises her to cultivate some inhibitions. Lorelei and Dorothy visit The Demel Restaurant, where Mr. Spoffard’s mother is being cautioned by her companion, Miss Chapman, about Lorelei’s character. Miss Chapman suggests to Spoffard’s mother that Lorelei is the reason her son has been neglectful of her of late. Fearing that Miss Chapman will cause Spoffard to renounce her company, Lorelei takes Spoffard out for a moonlit drive and tells him all about herself and her beginnings in Little Rock. She puts a slant on the story that makes it sound like a Puritan spiritual biography. Spoffard begins to cry because of the ordeals Lorelei has suffered, and even compares her to Mary Magdalene. He arranges for Lorelei to meet his mother. Explaining that she is a Christian Scientist, Lorelei tells Spoffard’s mother that if there is no disease, then there is no harm in anything, so why not drink champagne? Spoffard’s mother, who enjoys the champagne, decides that Christian Science is a better religion than Presbyterianism. Lorelei gives her a beautiful hat to wear, but since Spoffard’s mother has an Edwardian hairstyle, it does not fit, whereupon Lorelei whips out some scissors and bobs Spoffard’s mother’s hair. The meeting is a success.
Answerable: no
Answer: no
Question: 小島プロダクションのデビュー作はなんですか？
Context: Kojima Productions Co., Ltd. is a Japanese video game development studio founded in 2005 by video game designer Hideo Kojima, creator of the "Metal Gear" series. The company was originally established as a subsidiary of Konami, located in Tokyo. The studio had just under 100 employees in 2005 but had grown to over 200 people for the development of "". In 2015, the company was temporarily disbanded, after Kojima left Konami. In December 2015, Kojima's employment contract with Konami was officially terminated, and he reformed the company as an independent studio, located in Shinagawa.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Metal Gear
Question: ハインケル社の創始者は誰？
Context: Heinkel Flugzeugwerke () was a German aircraft manufacturing company founded by and named after Ernst Heinkel. It is noted for producing bomber aircraft for the Luftwaffe in World War II and for important contributions to high-speed flight, with the pioneering examples of a successful liquid-fueled rocket and a turbojet-powered aircraft in aviation history, with both Heinkel designs' first flights occurring shortly before the outbreak of World War II in Europe.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Ernst Heinkel
Question: レイ・チャールズのデビュー曲は何？
Context: Late in 1954, Charles recorded "I've Got a Woman". The lyrics were written by bandleader Renald Richard. Charles claimed the composition. They later admitted that the song went back to The Southern Tones' "It Must Be Jesus" (1954). It became one of his most notable hits, reaching number two on the R&B chart. "I've Got a Woman" combined gospel, jazz, and blues. In 1955, he had hits with "This Little Girl of Mine" and "A Fool for You". In upcoming years, he scored with "Drown in My Own Tears" and "Hallelujah I Love Her So". In 1959, "What'd I Say" reached No. 6 on the "Billboard" Pop chart and No. 1 on the "Billboard" R&B chart.
Answerable: yes
Answer: I've Got a Woman
Question: 『ギャラクシーエンジェル』が初めて発売されたのはいつ
Context: The "Galaxy Angel" anime series, produced by Broccoli, Madhouse and Bandai Visual, premiered across Japan on Animax between 7 April 2001 to 29 September 2001, and was soon followed by numerous sequels, including a second series ("Z"), a third series ("A", "AA", and "S") and a fourth ("X"). Each broadcast is made up of two 15-minute episodes, whose titles always contain references to food. The first series was broadcast by Animax, while later series have been broadcast by TV Osaka and other TXN stations. Internationally, the series has been broadcast by Animax and its respective networks worldwide, including its English language networks in Southeast Asia and South Asia, and its other networks in Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea and Latin America. In the US, this series is distributed in DVDs from Bandai Entertainment.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 7 April 2001
Question: ドゴン族の神話は口承で残された？
Context: The blind Dogon elder, Ogotemmêli, taught the main symbols of the Dogon religion to the French anthropologist Marcel Griaule in October 1946. Griaule had lived amongst the Dogon people for fifteen years before this meeting with Ogotemmêli had taken place. Ogotemmêli taught Griaule the religious stories in the same way that Ogotemmêli had learned them from his father and grandfather; instruction which he had learned over the course of more than twenty years. What makes the record so important from a historical perspective is that the Dogon people were still living in their oral culture at the time their religion was recorded. They were one of the last people in Africa to lose their independence and come under French rule.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Dogon people were still living in their oral culture at the time their religion was recorded
Question: レール・コーポレーション・ニューサウスウェールズはいつ設立した
Context: Rail Corporation New South Wales (RailCorp) is an agency of the State of New South Wales, Australia established under the "Transport Administration Act 1988" in 2004. It is currently a division under the control of Transport for NSW. It holds rail property assets, rolling stock and rail infrastructure in the Sydney metropolitan area and limited country locations in the state and it makes these assets available to Sydney Trains and NSW TrainLink for their operations. It also manages the NSW Government’s contract with the Airport Link Company. The chief executive of RailCorp is Sydney Trains chief executive Howard Collins.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 2004
Question: 三重県の主要農産物は何
Context: Mie Prefecture has traditionally been a link between east and west Japan, thanks largely to the Tokaido and Ise Pilgrimage Roads. Traditional handicrafts such as Iga Braid, Yokkaichi Banko Pottery, Suzuka Ink, Iga Pottery and Ise Katagami flourished. With 65% of the prefecture consisting of forests and with over of coastline, Mie has a long been associated with forestry and seafood industries. Mie also produces tea, beef, cultured pearls and fruit, mainly mandarin oranges. Food production companies include Azuma Foods.
Answerable: yes
Answer: mandarin oranges
Question: ジロ・デ・イタリアは女性選手も参加できる？
Context: The three Grand Tours are events for men only, and no three week races exist on the women's road cycling circuit. The Giro Rosa, the ten stage Italian road race for women is the only race on the current women's circuit treated as broadly equivalent to a Grand Tour, although the defunct women's Tour de France was, in its time, given similar status.
Answerable: no
Answer: no
Question: MDは、光磁気ディスクを使用していますか？
Context: MiniDisc (MD) is a magneto-optical disc-based data storage format offering a capacity of 74 minutes and, later, 80 minutes, of digitized audio or 1 gigabyte of Hi-MD data. Sony brand audio players were on the market in September 1992.
Answerable: no
Answer: no
Question: ザ・シャドウズ のデビュー曲は何
Context: The Shadows is a 1961 rock album by British group The Shadows, which reached number one in the UK charts.
Answerable: yes
Answer: The Shadows