coastalcph/tydi_xor_rc huggingface dataset:
Question: Onko ensimmäinen tuliase keksitty Yhdysvalloissa?
Context: The earliest depiction of a firearm is a sculpture from a cave in Sichuan, China. The sculpture dates to the 12th century and is of a figure carrying a vase-shaped bombard, with flames and a cannonball coming out of it. The oldest surviving gun, a hand cannon made of bronze, has been dated to 1288 because it was discovered at a site in modern-day Acheng District, Heilongjiang, China, where the "Yuan Shi" records that battles were fought at that time. The firearm had a 6.9 inch barrel of a 1-inch diameter, a 2.6 inch chamber for the gunpowder and a socket for the firearm's handle. It is 13.4 inches long and 7.8 pounds without the handle, which would have been made of wood.
Answerable: no
Answer: no
Question: Mihin tarkoitukseen yritykset voivat käyttää Windows NT 4.0 -järjestelmää?
Context: Windows NT 4.0 is the last major release of Microsoft Windows to support the Alpha, MIPS or PowerPC CPU architectures. It remained in use by businesses for a number of years, despite Microsoft's many efforts to get customers to upgrade to Windows 2000 and newer versions. It was also the last release in the Windows NT family to be branded as "Windows NT" although Windows 2000 carried the designation "Built on NT Technology".
Answerable: yes
Answer: businesses
Question: Oliko Harry S. Truman perustamassa NATOa?
Context: Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States (1945–1953), succeeding upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt after serving as vice president. He implemented the Marshall Plan to rebuild the economy of Western Europe, and established the Truman Doctrine and NATO.
Answerable: yes
Answer: established the Truman Doctrine and NATO
Question: Mikä on Suomessa linja-auton suurin sallittu ajonopeus?
Context: Speed limits change depending on the time of the year; the maximum speed limit on motorways is in the summer and in the winter. The main roads usually have speed limits of either 100 km/h or . Speed limits in urban areas range between and . If no other speed limit is signposted, the general speed limit in Finland is in built-up areas and outside.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 100 km/h
Question: Onko maa pallon kuu suurin kuu meidän aurinkokunnassa?
Context: Ganymede is the largest and most massive moon in the Solar System. Its diameter of 5,268 km is 0.41 times that of Earth, 0.77 times that of Mars, 1.02 times that of Saturn's Titan (the second-largest moon), 1.08 times Mercury's, 1.09 times Callisto's, 1.45 times Io's and 1.51 times the Moon's. Its mass is 10% greater than Titan's, 38% greater than Callisto's, 66% greater than Io's and 2.02 times that of the Moon.
Answerable: no
Answer: no
Question: Mikä on Suomen suurin maanselkä?
Context: Settlements are often built on valley-floor divides in the Alps. Examples are Eben im Pongau, Kirchberg in Tirol and Waidring (In all of these, the village name indicates the pass and the watershed is even explicitly displayed in the coat of arms). Extremely low divides with heights of less than two metres are found on the North German Plain within the "Urstromtäler", for example, between Havel and Finow in the "Eberswalde Urstromtal". In marsh deltas such as the Okavango, the largest drainage area on earth, or in large lakes areas, such as the Finnish Lakeland, it is difficult to find a meaningful definition of a watershed. Another case is bifurcation, where the watershed is effectively in the river bed, a wetland or underground. The largest watershed of this type is the bifurcation of the Orinoco in the north of South America, whose main stream empties into the Caribbean, but which also drains into the South Atlantic via the Casiquiare canal and Amazon River.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Finnish Lakeland
Question: Kuinka korkea veroprosentti Hollannissa on vuonna 2018?
Context: The Netherlands has a partly progressive tax rate. In the past, the highest income bracket in the Netherlands was 72%, but in 1990 it was changed to 60%, and in 2001 it became 52%. The brackets in 2018 are 36.55%, 40.85%, and 51.95%.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 51.95%
Question: Milloin atomi ensimmäisen kerran puolitettiin?
Context: Rutherford moved in 1907 to the Victoria University of Manchester (today University of Manchester) in the UK, where he and Thomas Royds proved that alpha radiation is helium nuclei. Rutherford performed his most famous work after he became a Nobel laureate. In 1911, although he could not prove that it was positive or negative,
he theorized that atoms have their charge concentrated in a very small nucleus,
and thereby pioneered the Rutherford model of the atom, through his discovery and interpretation of Rutherford scattering by the gold foil experiment of Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden. He conducted research that led to the first "splitting" of the atom in 1917 in a nuclear reaction between nitrogen and alpha particles, in which he also discovered (and named) the proton.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 1917
Question: Milloin tehtiin alkuperäinen ford GT
Context: The Ford GT is an American mid-engine two-seater sports car manufactured and marketed by Ford for model year 2005 in conjunction with the company's 2003 centenary. The Ford GT began production again from the 2017 model year.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 2005
Question: Mikä oli Itävallan asukasluku 2018?
Context: Austria's population was estimated to be nearly 9 million (8.83) in 2018 by the Statistik Austria. The population of the capital, Vienna, exceeds 1.8 million (2.6 million, including the suburbs), representing about a quarter of the country's population. It is known for its cultural offerings and high standard of living.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 9 million
Question: Mikä oli Itävallan asukasluku vuonna 2018?
Context: Austria's population was estimated to be nearly 9 million (8.83) in 2018 by the Statistik Austria. The population of the capital, Vienna, exceeds 1.8 million (2.6 million, including the suburbs), representing about a quarter of the country's population. It is known for its cultural offerings and high standard of living.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 9 million
Question: Kumpi oli ensin - jazz vai blues?
Context: Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in blues and ragtime. Jazz is seen by many as "America's classical music". Since the 1920s Jazz Age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression. It then emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African-American and European-American musical parentage with a performance orientation. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation. Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as "one of America's original art forms".
Answerable: yes
Answer: blues
Question: Missä alettiin valmistaa matkapuhelimia ensimmäisenä?
Context: In the USSR, Leonid Kupriyanovich, an engineer from Moscow, in 1957-1961 developed and presented a number of experimental pocket-sized communications radio. The weight of one model, presented in 1961, was only 70 g and could fit on a palm. However, in the USSR the decision at first to develop the system of the automobile "Altai" phone was made.
Answerable: yes
Answer: USSR
Question: Mikä on Venäjän vanhin kaupunki?
Context: Derbent claims to be the oldest city in Russia with historical documentation dating to the 8th century BCE. Due to its strategic location, over the course of history, the city changed ownership many times, particularly among the Persian, Arab, Mongol, Timurid, Shirvan and Iranian kingdoms. In the 19th century, the city passed from Iranian into Russian hands by the 1813 Treaty of Gulistan.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Derbent
Question: Kuka on kehittänyt puettavat tietokoneet?
Context: However, a computer is not merely a time-keeping or calculating device, but rather a user-programmable item for complex algorithms, interfacing, and data management. By this definition, the wearable computer was invented by Steve Mann, in the late 1970s:
Answerable: yes
Answer: Steve Mann
Question: Mistä Ruotsin noitavainot alkoivat?
Context: The Mora witch trial, which took place in Mora, Sweden, in 1669, is the most internationally famous Swedish witch trial. Reports of the trial spread throughout Europe, and a provocative German illustration of the execution is considered to have had some influence on the Salem witch trials. It was the first mass execution during the great Swedish witch hunt of 1668–1676.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 1668
Question: Milloin Buurisota käytiin?
Context: The First Boer War (, literally "First Freedom War"), also known as the First Anglo-Boer War, the Transvaal War or the Transvaal Rebellion, was a war fought from 16 December 1880 until 23 March 1881 between the United Kingdom and the South African Republic (also known as the Transvaal Republic; not to be confused with the modern-day Republic of South Africa). The war resulted in defeat for the British and the second independence of the South African Republic.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 1880
Question: Mikä on Venäjän Novgorod Oblastin väkiluku nykyisin?
Context: Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (, "Nizhegorodskaya oblast"), also known as Nizhegorod Oblast, is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Nizhny Novgorod. It has a population of 3,310,597 as of the 2010 Census. From 1932 to 1990 it was known as Gorky Oblast.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 3,310,597
Question: Mikä on yleisin kissa laji Suomessa?
Context: The breed is mostly popular in Scandinavia as there are still huge populations of similar-looking cats in Europe, and the European Shorthairs are for those appreciating a supple breed which has had a selection for a good temper. European Shorthair is on the list of endangered breeds in Sweden. European Shorthair is the national cat of Finland.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Shorthair
Question: Kuinka monta poikasta kultapanda yleensä synnyttää?
Context: Giant pandas give birth to twins in about half of pregnancies. If twins are born, usually only one survives in the wild. The mother will select the stronger of the cubs, and the weaker cub will die due to starvation. The mother is thought to be unable to produce enough milk for two cubs since she does not store fat. The father has no part in helping raise the cub.
Answerable: yes
Answer: o twins in about half of pregnancies
Question: Miksi P. G. T. Beauregardia nimitettiin Napoleoniksi?
Context: Beauregard became one of the most frequently described generals in Confederate chronicles, and almost every observer noted his foreign French visage. His comportment was "courteous, grave, sometimes reserved and severe, sometimes abrupt with people who displeased him." Associates would see him go months without smiling. "Many who saw him thought he looked like a French marshal or like Napoleon in a gray uniform- which was what he wanted them to think.
Answerable: yes
Answer: he looked like a French marshal or like Napoleon in a gray uniform
Question: Missä Friedrich August von Hayek opiskeli taloustiedettä?
Context: At the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively and also studied philosophy, psychology and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed he studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much of his time staining brain cells. Hayek's time in Monakow's lab and his deep interest in the work of Ernst Mach inspired his first intellectual project, eventually published as "The Sensory Order" (1952). It located connective learning at the physical and neurological levels, rejecting the "sense data" associationism of the empiricists and logical positivists. Hayek presented his work to the private seminar he had created with Herbert Furth called the Geistkreis.
Answerable: yes
Answer: University of Vienna
Question: Minkä kokoisia näyttöjä kannettavissa tietokoneissa käytetään?
Context: The form of the traditional laptop computer is a clamshell, with a screen on one of its inner sides and a keyboard on the opposite, facing the screen. It can be easily folded to conserve space while traveling. The screen and keyboard are inaccessible while closed. Devices of this form are commonly called a 'traditional laptop' or notebook, particularly if they have a screen size of 11 to 17 inches measured diagonally and run a full-featured operating system like Windows 10, macOS, or Linux. Traditional laptops are the most common form of laptops, although Chromebooks, Ultrabooks, convertibles and 2-in-1s (described below) are becoming more common, with similar performance being achieved in their more portable or affordable forms.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 11 to 17 inches
Question: Kuinka monta turistia vieraili Kreikassa vuonna 2018?
Context: Greece attracted 26.5 million visitors in 2015, 30.1 million visitors in 2017 and over 33 million in 2018,
Answerable: yes
Answer: over 33 million
Question: Missä päin Suomea voi nähdä hylkeen?
Context: Kolovesi National Park, home of the Saimaa Ringed Seals – one of the most endangered seals in the world, 
is located in Savonranta and its neighbour municipalities Enonkoski and Heinävesi.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Kolovesi National Park
Question: Kuinka monta noitaa sarjassa esiintyy?
Context: Netflix Chilling Adventures of Sabrina depicts the Weird Sisters as Three Teenage Witches named Prudence Agatha & Dorcas
Answerable: yes
Answer: Three
Question: Kuka oli Kroatian ensimmäinen presidentti?
Context: Presidential elections were held in Croatia for the first time on 2 August 1992, simultaneously with the 1992 parliamentary elections. Voter turnout was 74.9%. The result was a victory for Franjo Tuđman of the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), who received 57.8% of the vote in the first round of the elections, ahead of 7 other candidates. Dražen Budiša, the Croatian Social Liberal Party (HSLS) candidate and runner-up in the election, received 22.3% of the vote. The second presidential elections in modern Croatia were held on 15 June 1997. The incumbent, Franjo Tuđman ran opposed by Zdravko Tomac, the candidate of the Social Democratic Party of Croatia (SDP), and Vlado Gotovac, nominated by the HSLS. Tomac and Gotovac received 21.0% and 17.6% of votes respectively in the first round of voting, and Tuđman secured another term. The third presidential elections were held on 24 January 2000, to fill the office of the President of the Republic, after the incumbent Franjo Tuđman died on 10 December 1999. The first round of voting saw Stjepan Mesić, candidate of the Croatian People's Party (HNS) in the lead, receiving 41.3% of votes, followed by Dražen Budiša of the HSLS with 27.8% of votes and Mate Granić, nominated by the HDZ, receiving 22.6% of votes. The runoff election, the first in the presidential elections of modern Croatia, was held on 7 February, when Mesić won, picking up 56.9% of votes. Voter turnout in the first round was 63.0% and 60.9% in the runoff. The first round of the fourth presidential elections was held on 2 January 2005. No candidate secured a first-round victory; however, the incumbent Mesić enjoyed a substantial lead over other candidates, as he received 48.9% of votes, and the second and third ranked candidates Jadranka Kosor (HDZ) and Boris Mikšić (independent) managed only 20.3% and 17.8% of voter support respectively. Ultimately, Mesić won reelection, receiving 65.9% of votes in the runoff held on 16 January. The 2009–2010 presidential election was held on 27 December 2009, with Ivo Josipović (SDP) picking up 32.4% of votes, followed by Milan Bandić (independent), Andrija Hebrang (HDZ) and Nadan Vidošević (independent) receiving 14.8%, 12.0% and 11.3% of the votes respectively. The second round of voting was held on 10 January 2010, when Josipović defeated Bandić, receiving 60.3% of the vote. The first round of the most recent presidential election was held on 28 December 2014, where Josipović won 38.46% of the votes, followed by Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović (HDZ) who received 37.22% of ballots. The third was an independent candidate, Ivan Vilibor Sinčić who received 16.42% of votes, and Milan Kujundžić (Croatian Dawn – Party of the People) who was supported by 6.3% of the votes. The runoff was held on 11 January 2015, and Grabar-Kitarović won by a margin of approximately one percentage point.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Franjo Tuđman
Question: Minä vuonna Vladimir Krasno Solnyško on syntynyt?
Context: Born in 958, Vladimir was the natural son and youngest son of Sviatoslav I of Kiev by his housekeeper Malusha. Malusha is described in the Norse sagas as a prophetess who lived to the age of 100 and was brought from her cave to the palace to predict the future. Malusha's brother Dobrynya was Vladimir's tutor and most trusted advisor. Hagiographic tradition of dubious authenticity also connects his childhood with the name of his grandmother, Olga of Kiev, who was Christian and governed the capital during Sviatoslav's frequent military campaigns. His place of birth is identified by different authors either as Budyatychi (modern Volyn Oblast, Ukraine) or Budnik (; modern Pskov Oblast, Russia).
Answerable: yes
Answer: 958
Question: Milloin Belgian Kuningas Leopold hallitsi Belgian Kongoa?
Context: Colonial rule in the Congo began in the late 19th century. King Leopold II of Belgium attempted to persuade the Belgian government to support colonial expansion around the then-largely unexplored Congo Basin. Their ambivalence resulted in Leopold's establishing a colony himself. With support from a number of Western countries, Leopold achieved international recognition for a personal colony, the Congo Free State, in 1885. By the turn of the century, however, the violence used by Free State officials against indigenous Congolese and a ruthless system of economic exploitation led to intense diplomatic pressure on Belgium to take official control of the country, which it did by creating the Belgian Congo in 1908.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 1908
Question: Mikä teollisuutta Afrikassa tuotetaan?
Context: The economy of Africa consists of the trade, industry, agriculture, and human resources of the continent. , approximately 1.07 billion people were living in 54 different countries in Africa. Africa is a resource-rich continent. Recent growth has been due to growth in sales in commodities, services, and manufacturing. Sub-Saharan Africa, in particular, is expected to reach a GDP of $29 trillion by 2050.
Answerable: yes
Answer: trade, industry, agriculture, and human resources of the continent
Question: Kuinka monta anarkismin suuntausta on olemassa?
Context: Anarchism is generally defined as the political philosophy which holds ruling classes and the state to be undesirable, unnecessary and harmful, or alternatively as opposing authority and hierarchical organization in the conduct of human relations. Proponents of anarchism, known as "anarchists", advocate stateless societies based on non-hierarchical voluntary associations. However, anarchist schools of thought can differ fundamentally, supporting anything from extreme individualism to complete collectivism. Strains of anarchism have often been divided into the categories of social and individualist anarchism or similar dual classifications. Anarchism is often considered a radical left-wing ideology and much of anarchist economics and anarchist legal philosophy reflect anti-authoritarian interpretations of communism, collectivism, syndicalism, mutualism or participatory economics. At some point "the collectivist, communist, and liberal and individualist strands of thought from which anarchists drew their inspiration began to assume an increasingly distinctive quality, supporting the rise of a number of anarchist schools". Anthropologist David Graeber has noted that while the major schools of Marxism always have founders (e.g. Leninism, Trotskyism and Maoism), schools of anarchism "almost invariably emerge from some kind of organizational principle or form of practice", citing anarcho-syndicalism, individualist anarchism and platformism as examples.
Answerable: yes
Answer: anarcho-syndicalism, individualist anarchism and platformism
Question: Mikä oli Suomen ensimmäinen puolue?
Context: The Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP, , ), shortened to the Social Democrats, is a social-democratic political party in Finland. The party holds 35 seats in Finland's parliament. The party has set many fundamental policies of Finnish society during its representation in the Finnish Government. Founded in 1899, the SDP is Finland's oldest active political party. The SDP has a close relationship with Finland's largest trade union, SAK, and is a member of the Socialist International, the Party of European Socialists, and SAMAK.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Social Democratic Party of Finland
Question: Missä Viktor Janukovytš asuu vuonna 2019?
Context: Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych (, ; born 9 July 1950) is a Ukrainian politician who was elected as the fourth President of Ukraine on 7 February 2010. He served as President from February 2010 until his removal from power in February 2014 as a result of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution. He is currently in exile in Russia and wanted by Ukraine for high treason.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Russia
Question: Kuka oli ensimmäinen kreikkalainen filosofi?
Context: This list of ancient Greek philosophers contains philosophers who studied in ancient Greece or spoke Greek. Ancient Greek philosophy began in Miletus with the pre-Socratic philosopher Thales and lasted through Late Antiquity. Some of the most famous and influential Greek philosophers of all time were from the ancient Greek world, including Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. 
Abbreviations used in this list:
Answerable: yes
Answer: Thales
Question: Kuka on Maailmanpankin johtaja vuonna 2019?
Context: Kristalina Ivanova Georgieva-Kinova (, born 13 August 1953 in Sofia) is the first Chief Executive Officer of the World Bank and will be interim President of the World Bank Group from 1 February 2019. Until 2017, she was Vice-President of the European Commission in the college of the Juncker Commission.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Kristalina Ivanova Georgieva-Kinova
Question: Mikä oli Israelin asukasluku vuonna 2018?
Context: The demographics of Israel are monitored by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. The State of Israel has a population of approximately 8,855,000 inhabitants as of the first half of 2018. Some 74.5% are Jews of all backgrounds (about 6,556,000 individuals), 20.9% are Arab of any religion other than Jewish (about 1,837,000 individuals), while the remaining 4.6% (about 400,000 individuals) are defined as "others", including persons of Jewish ancestry deemed non-Jewish by religious law and persons of non-Jewish ancestry who are family members of Jewish immigrants (neither of which are registered at the Ministry of Interior as Jews), Christian non-Arabs, Muslim non-Arabs and all other residents who have neither an ethnic nor religious classification.
Answerable: yes
Answer: approximately 8,855,000
Question: Minkä ikäisenä Edvard III tuli kuningas?
Context: Edward was crowned at age fourteen after his father was deposed by his mother, Isabella of France, and her lover Roger Mortimer. At age seventeen he led a successful coup d'état against Mortimer, the de facto ruler of the country, and began his personal reign. After a successful campaign in Scotland he declared himself rightful heir to the French throne in 1337. This started what became known as the Hundred Years' War. Following some initial setbacks, this first phase of the war went exceptionally well for England; victories at Crécy and Poitiers led to the highly favourable Treaty of Brétigny, in which England made territorial gains, and Edward renounced his claim to the French throne. This phase would become known as the Edwardian War. Edward's later years were marked by international failure and domestic strife, largely as a result of his inactivity and poor health.
Answerable: yes
Answer: fourteen
Question: Montako joukkuetta pelaa Sveitsin jääkiekkoilun korkeimmalla sarjatasolla?
Context: During the regular season, each of the 12 teams play 50 games. The top eight teams after the regular season qualify for the playoffs to determine the Swiss champion in best-of-seven series. The bottom four teams in the standings play a relegation tournament, called playouts, in which each team retains their regular season points and play an additional six matches. Following those matches, the two bottom ranked teams will play each other in a best-of-seven series, with the loser then playing the winner of the Swiss League playoffs in a best-of-seven series for a spot in the successive NL season.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 12
Question: Mihin kieliryhmään arabiankieli kuuluu?
Context: Arabic () ' or () ' or ) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai Peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Central Semitic
Question: Milloin ensimmäinen kiintolevy keksittiin?
Context: In 1953, IBM recognized the immediate application for what it termed a "Random Access File" having high capacity and rapid random access at a relatively low cost. After considering technologies such as wire matrices, rod arrays, drums, drum arrays, etc., the engineers at IBM's San Jose California laboratory invented the hard disk drive. The disk drive created a new level in the computer data hierarchy, then termed Random Access Storage but today known as secondary storage, less expensive and slower than main memory (then typically drums) but faster and more expensive than tape drives.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 1953
Question: Kuka kehitti sähkötupakan?
Context: An electronic cigarette or e-cigarette is a handheld electronic device that simulates the feeling of smoking. It works by heating a liquid to generate an aerosol, commonly called a "vapor", that the user inhales. Using e-cigarettes is commonly referred to as vaping. The liquid in the e-cigarette, called e-liquid, or e-juice, is usually made of nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerine, and flavorings. Not all e-liquids contain nicotine.
The health risks of e-cigarettes are uncertain. They are likely safer than tobacco cigarettes but are of unclear effect in relation to other methods of stopping smoking. Their long-term health effects are not known. They may help some smokers quit. When used by non-smokers, e-cigarettes can lead to nicotine addiction, and there is concern that children could start smoking after using e-cigarettes. So far, no serious adverse effects have been reported in trials. Less serious adverse effects include throat and mouth irritation, vomiting, nausea, and coughing.
E-cigarettes create an aerosol, commonly called vapor. Its exact composition varies. The majority of toxic chemicals found in tobacco smoke are absent in e-cigarette aerosol. Those present are mostly below 1% of the corresponding levels in tobacco smoke. The aerosol can contain toxicants and traces of heavy metals at levels permissible in inhalation medicines, and potentially harmful chemicals not found in tobacco smoke at concentrations permissible by workplace safety standards. However, chemical concentrations may exceed the stricter public safety limits.
The modern e-cigarette was invented in 2003 by Chinese pharmacist Hon Lik, and as of 2018 most e-cigarettes are made in China. Since they were first sold in 2004 their global use has risen exponentially. In the United States and the United Kingdom their use is widespread. Reasons for using e-cigarettes involve trying to quit smoking, reduce risk, or save money, though some use them recreationally. As of 2014, the majority of users still smoke tobacco. There are concerns that dual use of tobacco products and e-cigarettes may "delay or deter quitting". About 60% of UK users are smokers and roughly 40% are ex-smokers. In the UK use among never-smokers was negligible. Because of overlap with tobacco laws and medical drug policies, e-cigarette legislation is debated in many countries. A European directive of 2016 set standards for liquids, vaporizers, ingredients and child-proof liquid containers. As of August 2016, the US FDA extended its regulatory power to include e-cigarettes. There are around 500 brands of e-cigarettes, with global sales in excess of US$7 billion.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Hon Lik
Question: Minä vuonna elokuvia aloitettiin kuvamaan?
Context: Although the start of the history of film is not clearly defined, the commercial, public screening of ten of Lumière brothers' short films in Paris on 28 December 1895 can be regarded as the breakthrough of projected cinematographic motion pictures. There had been earlier cinematographic results and screenings but these lacked either the quality or the momentum that propelled the cinématographe Lumière into a worldwide success.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 1895
Question: Mistä kasakkakulttuurin nimitys tulee?
Context: The origins of the first Cossacks are disputed, though the 1710 Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk claimed Khazar origin. The emergence of Cossacks is dated to the 14th or 15th centuries, when two connected groups emerged, the Zaporozhian Sich of the Dnieper and the Don Cossack Host.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Khazar origin
Question: Miten murha määritellään Suomen rikoslaissa?
Context: In jurisprudence, the comparison of an actual crime against the "brutal or cruel way" standard has been understood to mean comparison to "usual" homicide cases. In recent cases, the Finnish Supreme Court has not considered a single axe stroke on the head, or strangulation to be "brutal or cruel". On the other hand, causing death by jumping on a person's chest and head and firing over 10 times on a person's torso have been considered to fulfill the standard.
Answerable: yes
Answer: In jurisprudence, the comparison of an actual crime against the "brutal or cruel way"
Question: Kuka oli Suomen ensimmäinen kenraali?
Context: Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (; 4 June 1867 – 27 January 1951) was a Finnish military leader and statesman. Mannerheim served as the military leader of the Whites in the Finnish Civil War, Regent of Finland (1918–1919), commander-in-chief of Finland's defence forces during World War II, Marshal of Finland, and the sixth president of Finland (1944–1946).
Answerable: yes
Answer: Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
Question: Minä vuosina Aristoteles on ollut elossa?
Context: Aristotle (; "Aristotélēs",; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidiki, Greece. Along with Plato, he is considered the "Father of Western Philosophy". Aristotle provided a complex and harmonious synthesis of the various existing philosophies prior to him, including those of Socrates and Plato, and it was above all from his teachings that the West inherited its fundamental intellectual lexicon, as well as problems and methods of inquiry. As a result, his philosophy has exerted a unique influence on almost every form of knowledge in the West and it continues to be central to the contemporary philosophical discussion.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 384–322 BC
Question: Mitkä ovat talouskasvun vaikutukset?
Context: Development of new goods and services also creates economic growth.
Answerable: yes
Answer: new goods and services
Question: Onko Suomi koskaan käyttänyt ohjelmistoja sodan käymiseen?
Context: The military history of Finland consists of hundreds of years of armed actions in the territory encompassing modern Finland.
Answerable: no
Answer: no
Question: Miksi Kim Jong-il oli Pohjois-Korean johtaja 17 vuotta?
Context: Kim was born in Vyatskoye, Russia, then part of the Soviet Union. By the early 1980s, Kim had become the heir apparent for the leadership of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) and assumed important posts in the party and army organs. Kim succeeded his father and DPRK founder, Kim Il-sung, following the elder Kim's death in 1994. Kim was the General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK), WPK Presidium, Chairman of the National Defence Commission (NDC) of North Korea and the Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army (KPA), the fourth-largest standing army in the world.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Kim succeeded his father
Question: Mikä oli El Salvadorin asukasluku vuonna 2018?
Context: El Salvador's population numbers 6.1 million. Ethnically, 78% of Salvadorans are mixed (mixed Indigenous Native American and European Spanish origin). Another 12% is of pure European descent, 10% are of pure indigenous descent, 0.16% are Black and others are 0.64%.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 6.1 million
Question: Milloin Anglikaaninen kirkko perustettiin?
Context: In 1534, King Henry VIII separated the English Church from Rome. A theological separation had been foreshadowed by various movements within the English Church, such as Lollardy, but the English Reformation gained political support when Henry VIII wanted an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon so he could marry Anne Boleyn. Pope Clement VII, considering that the earlier marriage had been entered under a papal dispensation and how Catherine's nephew, Emperor Charles V, might react to such a move, refused the annulment. Eventually, Henry, although theologically opposed to Protestantism, took the position of Supreme Head of the Church of England to ensure the annulment of his marriage. He was excommunicated by Pope Paul III.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 1534
Question: Mikä johti Buurisotaan?
Context: The complex origins of the war resulted from more than a century of conflict between the Boers and Britain, but of particular immediate importance was the question as to who would control and benefit most from the very lucrative Witwatersrand gold mines. 
Answerable: yes
Answer: question as to who would control and benefit most from the very lucrative Witwatersrand gold mines
Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 15. presidentti?
Context: James Buchanan Jr. (; April 23, 1791June 1, 1868) was an American politician who served as the 15th president of the United States (1857–1861), serving immediately prior to the American Civil War. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the 17th United States secretary of state and had served in the Senate and House of Representatives before becoming president.
Answerable: yes
Answer: James Buchanan Jr.
Question: Minkä kokoinen Eretrian kaupunki on ollut?
Context: The municipality has an area of 168.557 km2, the municipal unit 58.648 km2.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 168.557 km2
Question: Milloin Carroll Shelby aloitti työnsä Fordilla?
Context: After retiring from driving in October 1959 for health reasons, he opened a high-performance driving school and the Shelby-American company.
He obtained a license to import the AC Cobra (often known in the US as the Shelby Cobra), a successful British Sports racing car manufactured by AC Motors of England, which AC had designed at Shelby's request by fitting a Ford V8 to their popular AC Ace sports car in place of its standard AC six, Ford Zephyr or 2-liter Bristol engine. Shelby remained influential with Ford manufactured cars, including the Daytona Coupe, GT40, the Mustang-based Shelby GT350 and Shelby GT500. After parting with Ford, Shelby moved on to help develop performance cars with divisions of the two other Big 3 American companies, Dodge, and Oldsmobile.
Answerable: yes
Answer: October 1959
Question: Oliko maapallolla mitään elämää mioseenin epookin aikana?
Context: The Miocene () is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Charles Lyell; its name comes from the Greek words (', “less”) and (', “new”) and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern sea invertebrates than the Pliocene. The Miocene is preceded by the Oligocene and is followed by the Pliocene.
Answerable: no
Answer: no
Question: Milloin oli ns. Antebellum kausi Yhdysvalloissa?
Context: The Antebellum era was a period in the history of the Southern United States, from the late 18th century until the start of the American Civil War in 1861, marked by the economic growth of the South.
Answerable: yes
Answer: late 18th century until the start of the American Civil War in 1861
Question: Milloin Rhodoksen kaupunkivaltio hajosi?
Context: In 408 BC, the cities united to form one territory. They built the city of Rhodes, a new capital on the northern end of the island. Its regular plan was, according to Strabo, superintended by the Athenian architect Hippodamus.
In 357 BC, the island was conquered by the king Mausolus of Caria, then it fell again to the Persians in 340 BC. Their rule was also short.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 357 BC
Question: Milloin Spartan valtakunta perustettiin?
Context: The earliest certain evidence of human settlement in the region of Sparta, consists of pottery dating from the Middle Neolithic period found in the vicinity of Kouphovouno some two kilometres southwest of Sparta.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Middle Neolithic period
Question: Ketkä ihmiset Yhdysvaltojen itsenäisyysjulistus kattoi?
Context: The United States Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (now known as Independence Hall) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776. The Declaration announced that the Thirteen Colonies at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain would regard themselves as thirteen independent sovereign states, no longer under British rule. With the Declaration, these new states took a collective first step toward forming the United States of America. The declaration was signed by representatives from New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.
Answerable: yes
Answer: the Thirteen Colonies
Question: Oliko Thomas Jefferson Yhdysvaltojen toinen varapresidentti?
Context: Thomas Jefferson (April 13, [O.S. April 2] 1743 – July 4, 1826) was a statesman, diplomat, architect, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Previously, he had been elected the second vice president of the United States, serving under John Adams from 1797 to 1801. The principal author of the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was a proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights motivating American colonists to break from the Kingdom of Great Britain and form a new nation; he produced formative documents and decisions at both the state and national level.
Answerable: no
Answer: no
Question: Kuka on voittanut eniten kultamitaleita telinevoimistelun olympiakisoissa?
Context: Biles is a four-time World all-around champion (2013–15, 2018), four-time World floor exercise champion (2013–15, 2018), two-time World balance beam champion (2014, 2015), the 2018 World vault champion, a five-time United States national all-around champion (2013–16, 2018), and a member of the gold-medal-winning American teams at the 2014, 2015, and 2018 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. Additionally, she is a three-time World silver medalist (2013 and 2014 on vault, 2018 on uneven bars) and a three-time World bronze medalist (2015 on vault, 2013 and 2018 on balance beam). Having won a combined total of twenty-five Olympic and World Championship medals, Biles is the most decorated American gymnast and the third most decorated female gymnast in history.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Biles
Question: Kuinka monta jääkiekkopeliä jääkiekkoilija pelaa keskimäärin uransa aikana?
Context: The National Hockey League (NHL) is a major professional ice hockey league which operates in Canada and the United States. Since its inception in , 321 players have played at least 1,000 regular season games, varying in amounts between Gordie Howe's 1,767 to Bernie Federko's 1,000. Of these players, a number have been inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 1,000
Question: Milloin ensimmäinen U-boat laskettiin merelle?
Context: The first submarine built in Germany, the three-man "Brandtaucher", sank to the bottom of Kiel harbor on 1 February 1851 during a test dive.
The inventor and engineer Wilhelm Bauer had designed this vessel in 1850, and Schweffel & Howaldt constructed it in Kiel. Dredging operations in 1887 rediscovered "Brandtaucher"; it was later raised and put on historical display in Germany.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 1850
Question: Minä vuonna Pakistan itsenäistyi?
Context: Independence Day (; "Yaum-e Āzādī"), observed annually on 14 August, is a national holiday in Pakistan. It commemorates the day when Pakistan achieved independence and was declared a sovereign state following the end of the British Raj in 1947. Pakistan came into existence as a result of the Pakistan Movement, which aimed for the creation of an independent Muslim state in the north-western regions of South Asia via partition. The movement was led by the All-India Muslim League under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The event was brought forth by the Indian Independence Act 1947 under which the British Raj gave independence to the Dominion of Pakistan which comprised West Pakistan (present-day Pakistan) and East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). In the Islamic calendar, the day of independence coincided with Ramadan 27, the eve of which, being Laylat al-Qadr, is regarded as sacred by Muslims.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 1947
Question: Mikä on Argenttiinan pääkaupunki?
Context: Argentina (), officially named the Argentine Republic (), is a country located mostly in the southern half of South America. Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. With a mainland area of , Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the fourth largest in the Americas, and the largest Spanish-speaking nation. The sovereign state is subdivided into twenty-three provinces (, singular "provincia") and one autonomous city ("ciudad autónoma"), Buenos Aires, which is the federal capital of the nation () as decided by Congress. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system. Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica, the Falkland Islands (), and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.
Answerable: yes
Answer: Buenos Aires
Question: Milloin laseria aloitettiin käyttämään mittaamisessa?
Context: Lidar originated in the early 1960s, shortly after the invention of the laser, and combined laser-focused imaging with the ability to calculate distances by measuring the time for a signal to return using appropriate sensors and data acquisition electronics. Its first applications came in meteorology, where the National Center for Atmospheric Research used it to measure clouds. The general public became aware of the accuracy and usefulness of lidar systems in 1971 during the Apollo 15 mission, when astronauts used a laser altimeter to map the surface of the moon.
Answerable: yes
Answer: 1960s
Question: Minä vuonna Charles de Gaulle tuli valtaan?
Context: Born in Lille, he graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1912. He was a decorated officer of the First World War, wounded several times, and later taken prisoner at Verdun. During the interwar period, he advocated mobile armoured divisions. During the German invasion of May 1940, he led an armoured division which counterattacked the invaders; he was then appointed Undersecretary for War. Refusing to accept his government's armistice with Germany, De Gaulle exhorted the French population to resist occupation and to continue the fight in his Appeal of 18 June. He led a government in exile and the Free French Forces against the Axis. Despite frosty relations with the United Kingdom and especially the United States, he emerged as the undisputed leader of the French Resistance. He became head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic in June 1944, the interim government of France following its Liberation. As early as 1944, De Gaulle introduced a dirigiste economic policy, which included substantial state-directed control over a capitalist economy which was followed by 30 years of unprecedented growth, known as the Trente Glorieuses.
Answerable: yes
Answer: May 1940
Question: Oliko Rikhard I Leijonamieli väkivaltainen?
Context: Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 1189 until his death. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and was overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. He was the third of five sons of King Henry II of England and Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine. He was known as or Richard the Lionheart because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior. He was also known in (), because of his reputation for terseness.
Answerable: no
Answer: no
Question: Voiko krokotiili syödä ihmisen?
Context: The two species with the most well-known and documented reputation for preying on humans are the Nile crocodile and saltwater crocodile, and these are the perpetrators of the vast majority of both fatal and non-fatal crocodilian attacks. Each year, hundreds of deadly attacks are attributed to the Nile crocodile in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Southeast Asia, Australia, New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands attacks by saltwater crocodiles often occur. Reviews indicate that at least half of all attacks by the Nile and saltwater crocodiles are fatal (in Australia, however, only about 25% of saltwater crocodile attacks are fatal). The mugger crocodile is also very dangerous to humans, killing several people in India every year and with a fatality rate (slightly less than half of all attacks are fatal) that is almost as high. Unlike the predatory attacks by Nile and saltwater crocodiles, victims of mugger crocodiles are often not eaten, indicating that many attacks by this species are territorial or defensive rather than predatory. Crocodilians will defend not only themselves, but also their nest and young from anything they perceive as a threat.
Answerable: yes
Answer: reputation for preying on humans are the Nile crocodile and saltwater crocodile
Question: Mistä Brasilia on saanut nimensä?
Context: The name "Brazil" is a shortened form of "Terra do Brasil", "land of Brazil", a reference to brazilwood, given in the early 16th century to the territories leased to the merchant consortium led by Fernão de Loronha for commercial exploitation of brazilwood for the production of wood dyes for the European textile industry.
Answerable: yes
Answer: brazilwood
Question: Kuinka Roomalle valittiin keisari?
Context: The election of a Holy Roman Emperor was generally a two-stage process whereby, from at least the 13th century, the King of the Romans was elected by a small body of the greatest princes of the Empire, the prince-electors. This was then followed shortly thereafter by his coronation as Emperor, an appointment that was normally for life. Until 1530, emperors were crowned by the Pope. In 1356, the Emperor Charles IV promulgated the Golden Bull, which became the fundamental law by which all future kings and emperors were elected.
Answerable: yes
Answer: by a small body of the greatest princes of the Empire, the prince-electors