COMMISSION REGULATION (EEC) No 343/92 of 22 January 1992 on the definition of the concept of originating products and methods of administrative cooperation applicable to imports into the Community of products originating in the Republics of Croatia and Slovenia and the Yugoslav Republics of Bosnia-Herzegovina and Macedonia
THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community,
Having regard to Council Regulation (EEC) No 3567/91 of 2 December 1991 on the tariff arrangements applicable to imports into the Community of products originating in the Republics of Bosnia-Hercegovina, Croatia, Macedonia and Slovenia (1), and in particular Article 5 thereof,
Whereas, as regards the products referred to in the abovementioned Regulation, rules should be established to define the conditions in which they acquire the character of originating products, the mode of proof and the terms as to verification thereof, following the procedure laid down in Article 14 of Council Regulation (EEC) No 802/68 of 27 June 1968 concerning the common definition of the concept of the origin of goods (2),
Whereas the measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the Committee on Origin,
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION
TITLE I
DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT OF ORIGINATING PRODUCTS
Article 1
Origin criterion
For the purpose of implementing the provisions concerning tariff preferences granted by the Community to certain products originating in the Republics of Croatia and Slovenia and the Yugoslav Republics of Bosnia-Herzegovina and Macedonia, hereinafter referred to as 'a beneficiary Republic', the following products shall be considered as:
(a) products originating in a beneficiary Republic:
(i) products wholly obtained in that beneficiary Republic;
(ii) products obtained in that beneficiary Republic, in the manufacture of which products other than those wholly obtained in that beneficiary Republic are used, provided that the said products have undergone sufficient working or processing within the meaning of Article 3. This condition shall not apply, however, to products which, within the meaning of this Regulation, originate in the Community, provided they undergo, in the beneficiary Republic concerned, working or processing which exceeds the insufficient working or processing listed in Article 3 (3);
(b) products originating in the Community:
(i) products wholly obtained in the Community;
(ii) products obtained in the Community, in the manufacture of which products other than those wholly obtained in the Community are used, provided that the said products have undergone sufficient working or processing within the meaning of Article 3. This condition shall not apply, however, to products which, within the meaning of this Regulation, originate in a beneficiary Republic, provided they undergo, in the Community, working and processing which exceeds the insufficient working or processing listed in Article 3 (3).
Article 2
Wholly obtained products
1. The following shall be considered as wholly obtained either in the beneficiary Republic concerned or in the Community:
(a) mineral products extracted from their soil or from their seabed;
(b) vegetable products harvested there;
(c) live animals born and raised there;
(d) products from live animals raised there;
(e) products obtained by hunting or fishing conducted there;
(f) products of sea fishing and other products taken from the sea by their vessels;
(g) products made aboard their factory ships exclusively from products referred to in subparagraph (f);
(h) used articles collected there fit only for the recovery of raw materials;
(i) waste and scrap resulting from manufacturing operations conducted there;
(j) goods produced there exclusively from the products specified in subparagraphs (a) to (i). 2. The term 'their vessels' in paragraph 1 (f) shall apply only to vessels:
- which are registered or recorded in a Member State or in the beneficiary Republic concerned,
- which sail under the flag of a Member State or of the beneficiary Republic concerned,
- which are owned to an extent of at least 50 % by nationals of the Member States and the beneficiary Republic or by a company with its head office in a Member State or in the beneficiary Republic of which the manager, managers, Chairman of the board of directors or of the supervisory board, and the majority of the members of such a board, are nationals of the Member States or the beneficiary Republic and of which, in addition in the case of partnerships or limited companies, at least half the capital belongs to the Member States or the beneficiary Republic or to public bodies or nationals of the Member States or of the beneficiary Republic,
- of which the captain and officers are all nationals of the Member States or of the beneficiary Republic concerned,
- of which at least 75 % of the crew are nationals of the Member States or of the beneficiary Republic concerned.
3. The terms 'the Community' and 'the beneficiary Republic' shall also cover their territorial waters. Sea-going vessels, including factory ships, on which the fish caught is worked or processed, shall be considered as part of the territory of the State or Republic to which they belong, provided that they satisfy the conditions set out in paragraph 2.
Article 3
Sufficiently processed products
1. For the purposes of Article 1, non-originating materials are considered to be sufficiently worked or processed when the product obtained is classified in a heading which is different from those in which all the non-originating materials used in its manufacture are classified, subject to the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3.
The expressions 'chapters' and 'headings' used in this Regulation shall mean the chapters and the headings (four-digit codes) used in the nomenclature which makes up the harmonized commodity description and coding system (hereinafter referred to as the 'harmonized system' or 'HS').
The expression 'classified' shall refer to the classification of a product or material under a particular heading.
2. For a product mentioned in columns 1 and 2 of the list in Annex II, the conditions set out in column 3 for the product concerned must be fulfilled instead of the rule in paragraph 1.
(a) Where in the list in Annex II a percentage rule is applied in determining the originating status of a product obtained in the Community or a beneficiary Republic, the value added by the working or processing shall correspond to the ex-works price of the product obtained, less the customs value of third-country materials imported into the territory concerned.
(b) The term 'value' in the list in Annex II shall mean the customs value at the time of the import of the non-originating materials used or, if this is not known and cannot be ascertained, the first ascertainable price paid for the materials in the territory concerned.
Where the value of the originating materials used needs to be established, the first subparagraph of (b) shall be applied mutatis mutandis.
(c) The term 'ex-works price' in the list in Annex II shall mean the price paid for the product obtained to the manufacturer in whose undertaking the last working or processing is carried out, provided the price includes the value of all the materials used in manufacture, minus any internal taxes which are, or may be, repaid when the product obtained is exported.
(d) 'Customs value' shall be understood as meaning the value determined in accordance with the Agreement on implementation of Article VII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, established in Geneva on 12 April 1979.
3. For the purpose of implementing paragraphs 1 and 2 the following shall be considered as insufficient working or processing to confer the status of originating products, whether or not there is a change of heading:
(a) operations to ensure the preservation of products in good condition during transport and storage (ventilation, spreading out, drying, chilling, placing in salt, sulphur dioxide or other aqueous solutions, removal of damaged parts, and like operations);
(b) simple operations consisting of removal of dust, sifting or screening, sorting, classifying, matching (including the making-up of sets of articles, washing, painting, cutting-up);
(c) (i) changes of packaging and breaking up and assembly of consignments;
(ii) simple placing in bottles, flasks, bags, cases, boxes, fixing on cards or boards etc., and all other simple packaging operations;
(d) affixing marks, labels and other like distinguishing signs on products or their packaging;
(e) simple mixing of products, whether or not of different kinds, where one or more components of the mixture do not meet the conditions laid down in this Regulation to enable them to be considered as originating either in the beneficiary Republic concerned or in the Community;
(f) simple assembly of parts of articles to constitute a complete article;
(g) a combination of two or more operations specified in subparagraphe (a) to (f);
(h) slaughter of animals.
Article 4
Neutral elements
In order to determine whether goods originate in a beneficiary Republic or in the Community it shall not be necessary to establish whether the electrical power, fuel, plant and equipment, and machines and tools used to obtain such goods or whether any materials or products used in the course of production which do not enter and which were not intended to enter into the final composition of the goods originate in third countries or not.
Article 5
Accessories, spare parts and tools
Accessories, spare parts and tools dispatched with a piece of equipment, machine, apparatus or vehicle which are part of the normal equipment and included in the price thereof or are not separately invoiced are regarded as one with the piece of equipment, machine, apparatus or vehicle in question.
Article 6
Sets
Sets, as defined in general rule 3 of the harmonized system, shall be regarded as originating when all component articles are originating products. Nevertheless, when a set is composed of originating and non-originating articles the set as a whole shall be regarded as originating provided that the value of the non-originating articles does not exceed 15 % of the ex-works price of the set.
Article 7
Direct transport
1. The preferential treatment applies only to originating products or materials which are transported between the territory of the Community and that of the beneficiary Republic concerned without entering any other territory. However, goods originating in the beneficiary Republic or in the Community and constituting one single consignment which is not split up may be transported through territory other than that of the Community and the beneficiary Republic concerned with, should the occasion arise, transhipment or temporary warehousing in such territory, provided that the goods have remained under the surveillance of the customs authorities in the country of transit or of warehousing and that they have not undergone operations other than unloading, reloading or any operation designed to preserve them in good condition.
2. Evidence that the conditions referred to in paragraph 1 have been fulfilled shall be supplied to the responsible customs authorities by the production of:
(a) a through bill of lading issued in the exporting country covering the passage through the country of transit; or
(b) a certificate issued by the customs authorities of the country of transit:
- giving an exact description of the goods,
- stating the dates of unloading and reloading of the goods or of their embarkation or disembarkation, identifying the ships used,
- certifying the conditions under which the goods remained in the transit country;
(c) or failing these, any substantiating documents.
Article 8
Territorial requirement
The conditions set out in this Title relative to the acquisition of originating status must be fulfilled without interruption in the Community or the beneficiary Republic concerned.
If originating goods exported from the Community or the beneficiary Republic to another country are returned, they must be considered as non-originating unless it can be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the customs authorities that:
- the goods returned are the same goods as those exported, and
- they have not undergone any operation beyond that necessary to preserve them in good condition while in that country or while being exported.
TITLE II
PROOF OF ORIGIN
Article 9
Movement certificate EUR.1
Evidence of originating status of products, within the meaning of this Regulation, shall be given by a movement certificate EUR.1, a specimen of which appears in Annex III to this Regulation.
Article 10
Procedure for the issue of certificates
1. A movement certificate EUR.1 shall be issued only on application having been made in writing by the exporter or, under the exporter's responsiblity, his authorized representative. Such application shall be made on a form, a specimen of which appears in Annex III, which shall be completed in accordance with this Regulation.
Applications for movement certificates EUR.1 must be preserved for at least two years by the customs authorities of the exporting Member State or beneficiary Republic.
2. The exporter or his representative shall submit with his request any appropriate supporting document proving that the products to be exported are such as to qualify for the issue of a movement certificate EUR.1.
He shall undertake to submit, at the request of the appropriate authorities, any supplementary evidence they may require for the purpose of establishing the correctness of the originating status of the products eligible for preferential treatment and shall undertake to agree to any inspection of his accounts and to any check on the processes of the obtaining of the above products carried out by the said authorities.
Exporters must keep for at least two years the supporting documents referred to in this paragraph.
3. A movement certificate EUR.1 may be issued only where it can serve as the documentary evidence required for the purpose of implementing the tariff preferences.
4. The movement certificate EUR.1 shall be issued by the customs authorities of the exporting Member State or beneficiary Republic, if the goods can be considered originating products within the meaning of this Regulation.
5. In cases where the goods are considered originating products within the meaning of Article 1 (a) (ii), last sentence, or (b) (ii), last sentence, the movement certificates EUR.1 shall be issued subject to the presentation of the proof of origin previously issued or made out. This proof of origin must be kept for at least two years by the customs authorities of the exporting Member State of beneficiary Republic.
6. Since the movement certificate EUR.1 constitutes the documentary evidence for the application of the tariff preferences, it shall be the responsibility of the customs authorities of the exporting Member State or beneficiary Republic to take any steps necessary to verify the origin of the goods and to check the other statements on the certificate.
7. For the purpose of verifying whether the conditions stated in paragraphs 4 and 5 have been met, the customs authorities of the exporting Member State or beneficiary Republic shall have the right to call for any documentary evidence or to carry out any check which they consider appropriate.
8. It shall be the responsibility of the customs authorities of the exporting Member State or beneficiary Republic to ensure that the forms referred to in Article 9 are duly completed. In particular, they shall check whether the space reserved for the description of the products has been completed in such a manner as to exclude all possibility of fraudulent additions. To this end, the description of the products must be indicated without leaving any blank lines. Where the space is not completely filled a horizontal line must be drawn below the last line of the description, the empty space being crossed through.
9. The date of issue of the movement certificate must be indicated in the part of the certificate reserved for the customs authorities.
10. A movement certificate EUR.1 shall be issued by the customs authorities of the exporting Member State or beneficiary Republic when the products to which it relates are exported. It shall be made available to the exporter as soon as actual export has been effected or ensured.
11. In the case of the Republics of Bosnia-Hercegovina and Macedonia, references to 'the customs authorities' in this and following Articles shall be understood to refer to the Chambers of Economy, as long as the Chambers of Economy in those Republics carry out the functions concerned.
Article 11
Issue of EUR.1 retrospectively
1. In exceptional circumstances a movement certificate EUR.1 may also be issued after exportation of the products to which it relates if it was not issued at the time of exportation because of errors or involuntary omissions or special circumstances. In this case the certificate shall bear a special reference to the conditions under which it was issued.
2. For the implementation of paragraph 1, the exporter must in the application:
- indicate the place and date of export of the products to which the certificate relates,
- certify that no movement certificate EUR.1 was issued at the time of export of the products in question, and state the reasons.
3. The customs authorities may issue a movement certificate EUR.1 retrospectively only after verifying that the information supplied in the exporter's application agrees with that in the corresponding file.
4. Certificates issued retrospectively must be endorsed with one of the following phrases:
- EXPEDIDO A POSTERIORI
- UDSTEDT EFTERFOELGENDE
- NACHTRAEGLICH AUSGESTELLT
- AAÊAEÏÈAAÍ AAÊ ÔÙÍ ÕÓÔAAÑÙÍ
- ISSUED RETROSPECTIVELY
- DÉLIVRÉ A POSTERIORI
- RILASCIATO A POSTERIORI
- AFGEGEVEN A POSTERIORI
- EMITIDO A POSTERIORI.
5. The endorsement referred to in paragraph 4 shall be inserted in the 'Remarks' box on the movement certificate EUR.1.
Article 12
Issue of a duplicate EUR.1
1. In the event of the theft, loss or destruction of a movement certificate EUR.1, the exporter may apply to the customs authorities which issued it for a duplicate made out on the basis of the export documents in their possession.
2. The duplicate issued in this way must be endorsed with one of the following words:
- DUPLICADO
- DUPLIKAT
- ÁÍÔÉÃÑÁOEÏ
- DUPLICATE
- DUPLICATA
- DUPLICATO
- DUPLICAAT
- SEGUNDA VIA.
3. The endorsement referred to in paragraph 2 shall be inserted in the 'Remarks' box on the movement certificate EUR.1.
4. The duplicate, which must bear the date of issue of the original EUR.1 certificate, shall take effect a from that date.
Article 13
Replacement of certificates
It shall at any time be possible to replace one or more movement certificates EUR.1 by one or more other movement certificates EUR.1 provided that this is done at the customs office where the goods are located.
Article 14
Validity of movement certificates EUR.1
1. A movement certificate EUR.1 which is submitted within five months of the date of issue by the customs authorities of the exporting Member State or beneficiary Republic, to the customs authorities of the importing Member State or beneficiary Republic where the products are entered.
2. A movement certificate EUR.1 which is submitted to the customs authorities of the importing Member State or beneficiary Republic after the final date of presentation specified in paragraph 1 may be accepted for the purpose of applying preferential treatment, where the failure to submit the certificate by the final date set is due to reasons of force majeure or exceptional circumstances.
3. In other cases of belated presentation, the customs authorities of the importing Member State or beneficiary Republic may accept the certificates where the products have been submitted to them before the said final date.
Article 15
Exhibitions
1. Products sent from a beneficiary Republic for exhibition in another country and sold after the exhibition for importation into the Community, and products sent from the Community for exhibition in another country and sold after the exhibition for importation into a beneficiary Republic, shall benefit from the tariff preferences or from the cumulation arrangements, on condition that the goods meet the requirements of this Regulation entitling them to be recognized as originating in the Community or in the beneficiary Republic concerned and provided that it is shown to the satisfaction of the customs authorities that:
(a) an exporter has consigned these products from the Community or the beneficiary Republic to the country in which the exhibition is held and has exhibited them there;
(b) the products have been sold or otherwise disposed of by that exporter to someone in the beneficiary Republic or in the Community;
(c) the products have been consigned during the exhibition or immediately thereafter to the beneficiary Republic or to the Community in the state in which there were sent for exhibition;
(d) the products have not, since they were consigned for exhibition, been used for any purpose other than demonstration at the exhibition.
2. A movement certificate EUR.1 must be produced to the customs authorities in the normal manner. The name and address of the exhibition must be indicated thereon. Where necessary, additional documentary evidence of the nature of the products and the conditions under which they have been exhibited may be required.
3. Paragraph 1 shall apply to any trade, industrial, agricultural or crafts exhibition, fair or similar public show or display which is not organized for private purposes in shops or business premises with a view to the sale of foreign products, and during which the products remain under customs control.
Article 16
Submission of certificates
Movement certificates EUR.1 shall be submitted to the customs authorities in the importing Member State or beneficiary Republic, in accordance with the procedures laid down by the Member State or Republic. The said authorities may require a translation of a certificate. They may also require the import declaration to be accompanied by a statement from the importer to the effect that the products meet the conditions required for the tariff preferences.
Article 17
Importation by instalments
Without prejudice to Article 3 (3), where, at the request of the person declaring the goods at the customs, a dismantled or non-assembled article falling within Chapter 84 or 85 of the harmonized system is imported by instalments on the conditions laid down by the competent authorities, it shall be considered to be a single article and a movement certificate may be submitted for the whole article upon import of the first instalment.
Article 18
Preservation of certificates
Movement certificates EUR.1 shall be preserved by the customs authorities of the importing Member State or beneficiary Republic in accordance with the rules in force in that Member State or Republic.
Article 19
Form EUR.2
1. Notwithstanding Article 9, the evidence of originating status, within the meaning of this Regulation, for consignments containing only originating products and whose value does not exceed ECU 3 000 per consignment, shall be given by a form EUR.2, a specimen of which appears in Annex IV to this Regulation.
2. The form EUR.2 shall be completed and signed by the exporter or, under the exporter's responsibility, by his authorized representative in accordance with this Regulation. If the goods contained in the consignment have already been subject to verification in the exporting country by reference to the definition of the concept of originating products, the exporter may refer to this check in the 'remarks' box of form EUR.2.
3. A form EUR.2 shall be completed for each consignment.
4. These provisions do not exempt exporters from complying with any other formalities required by customs or postal regulations.
5. The exporter who made out the form EUR.2 shall submit at the request of the customs authorities of the exporting Member State or beneficiary Republic all supporting documents concerning the use of this form.
Article 20
Discrepancies
The discovery of slight discrepancies between the statements made in the movement certificate EUR.1 or in the form EUR.2 and those made in the documents submitted to the customs office for the purpose of carrying out the formalities for importing the goods shall not ipso facto render the document null and void if it is duly established that the movement certificate EUR.1 or the form EUR.2 does correspond to the goods submitted.
Article 21
Exemptions from proof of origin
1. The following originating products within the meaning of this Regulation shall, on importation into the Community, benefit from the tariff preferences without it being necessary to produce documents referred to in Article 9 or in Article 19:
(a) products sent as small packages from private persons to private persons, provided that the value of the products does not exceed ECU 215;
(b) products forming part of travellers' personal luggage, provided that the value of the products does not exceed ECU 600.
2. These provisions shall be applied only when such products are not imported by way of trade and have been declared as meeting the conditions required for the application of the tariff preferences, and where there is no doubt as to the veracity of such declaration.
3. Importations which are occasional and consist solely of products for the personal use of the recipients or travellers or their families shall not be considered as importations by way of trade if it is evident from the nature and quantity of the products that no commercial purpose is in view.
TITLE III
METHODS OF ADMINISTRATIVE COOPERATION
Article 22
Communication of stamps
The beneficiary Republics shall send to the Commission specimens of the stamps used together with the addresses of the customs authorities competent to issue movement certificates EUR.1 and carry out the subsequent verification of these certificates. The Commission shall forward this information to the customs authorities of the Member States.
Movement certificates EUR.1 shall be accepted for the purpose of applying preferential treatment from the date on which the information is received by the Commission.
Movement certificates EUR.1 presented to the customs authorities of the importing Member State before this date be accepted in conformity with the Community legislation.
Article 23
Verification of movement certificates EUR.1 and of forms EUR.2
1. Subsequent verifications of EUR.1 certificates and of forms EUR.2 shall be carried out at random or whenever the customs authorities of the importing Member State or beneficiary Republic have reasonable doubts as to the authenticity of the document or the accuracy of the information regarding the true origin of the goods in question.
2. In order to ensure the proper application of this Regulation, the beneficiary Republics and the Member States of the Community shall assist each other, through their respective customs administrations in checking the authenticity of movement certificates EUR.1 and forms EUR.2 and the accuracy of the information concerning the actual origin of the products concerned.
3. For the purposes of implementing the provisions of paragraph 1, the customs authorities of the importing Member State or beneficiary Republic shall return the EUR.1 certificate or form EUR.2 or a photocopy thereof to the customs authorities of the exporting country, giving, where appropriate, the reasons of substance or form for an inquiry.
The relevant commercial documents or a copy thereof shall be attached to the certificate EUR.1 or form EUR.2 and the customs authorities shall forward, in support of the request for verification, any documents and information that have been obtained suggesting that the particulars given on the said certificate or the said form are inaccurate.
If the customs authorities of the importing Member State decide to suspend the tariff preferences specified in Article 1 while awaiting the results of the verification, they shall offer to release the goods to the importer subject to any precautionary measures judged necessary.
4. The customs authorities of the importing Member State shall be informed of the results of the verification within a maximum of six months. These results must be such as to make it possible to determine whether the documents returned pursuant to paragraph 3 apply to the products actually exported, and whether these products were, in fact, eligible to benefit from the tariff preferences.
If in cases of reasonable doubt there is no reply within six months of the date of the verification request, or if the reply does not contain sufficient information to determine the authenticity of the document in question or the real origin of the products, the requesting authorities shall refuse, except in the case of force majeure or exceptional circumstances, any benefit from the preferential treatment.
5. For the purpose of the subsequent verification of EUR.1 certificates, the customs authorities of the exporting country must keep copies of the certificates, as well as any export documents referring to them, for at least two years.
TITLE IV
PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO CEUTA AND MELILLA
Article 24
Application of this Regulation
1. The term 'Community' used in this Regulation does not cover Ceuta or Melilla. The term 'products originating in the Community' does not cover products originating in Ceuta and Melilla.
2. Titles I to III and Title V shall apply mutatis mutandis to products originating in Ceuta and Melilla, subject to the particular conditions set out in Article 25.
Article 25
Special conditions
1. The following provisions shall apply instead of Article 1 and references to that Article shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Article.
2. Providing they have been transported directly in accordance with the provisions of Article 7, the following shall be considered as:
(a) products wholly obtained in Ceuta and Melilla:
(i) products wholly obtained in Ceuta and Melilla;
(ii) products obtained in Ceuta and Melilla in the manufacture of which products other than those referred to in (i) are used, provided that the said products have undergone sufficient working or processing within the meaning of Article 3. This condition shall not apply, however, to products which, within the meaning of this Regulation, originate in the Community or in a beneficiary Republic provided they undergo, in Ceuta and Melilla, working or processing which exceeds the insufficient working or processing set out in Article 3 (3);
(b) products originating in a beneficiary Republic:
(i) products wholly obtained in that beneficiary Republic;
(ii) products obtained in that beneficiary Republic in the manufacture of which products other than those referred to in (i) are used, provided that the said products have undergone sufficient working or processing within the meaning of Article 3. This condition shall not apply, however, to products which, within the meaning of this Regulation, originate in Ceuta and Melilla or the Community provided they undergo, in the beneficiary Republic concerned, working or processing which exceeds the insufficient working or processing set out in Article 3 (3); 3. Ceuta and Melilla shall be considered as a single territory.
4. The exporter or his authorized representative shall enter the name of the beneficiary Republic concerned and 'Ceuta and Melilla' in box 2 of the movement certificates EUR.1.
In addition, in the case of products originating in Ceuta and Melilla, this shall be indicated in box 4 of EUR1. certificates.
5. The Spanish customs authorities shall be responsible for the application of this Regulation in Ceuta and Melilla.
TITLE V
FINAL PROVISIONS
Article 26
Petroleum products
The products set out in Annex V shall be temporarily excluded from the scope of this Regulation. Nevertheless, Titles II to IV shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to these products.
Article 27
Transitional measures
Without prejudice to Article 16, for a period of six months from the date of entry into force of this Regulation, there may be produced, in respect of products referred to in Council Regulation (EEC) No 3567/91 which on 15 November 1991 were either in transit or being held in the Community in customs warehouses or free zones, movement certificates EUR.1 issued in accordance with Article 11, together with documentary evidence of direct transport.
Article 28
Entry into force
This Regulation shall enter into force on the third day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities.
It shall apply from 15 November 1991.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
Done at Brussels, 22 January 1992
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