COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 1467/94 of 20 June 1994 on the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article 43 thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission (1),
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament (2),
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee (3),
Whereas, with a view to the preservation of biological and genetic diversity in agriculture in the Community, which constitutes an irreplaceable fund of biological and genetic resources, genetic resources should be preserved; whereas all necessary measures should be taken to conserve, characterize, collect and utilize those resources to promote the aims of the common agricultural policy and safeguard biological diversity in line with the Convention on Biological Diversity ratified by the Community in 1993; whereas all forward-looking solutions which might prove necessary should be applied;
Whereas in this Regulation 'agriculture' should be taken in the broad sense of the term and genetic resources in agriculture should therefore include genetic resources in forestry;
Whereas genetic resources in agriculture include both plant and animal genetic resources within the meaning of this Regulation;
Whereas the aim of effective development and coordination of the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture must be to organize, for the general good, work undertaken in the Member States, to utilize the results of that work effectively, to direct that work towards ends compatible with the needs of the common agricultural policy and in line with the Convention on Biological Diversity, and to pool the resources necessary for implementing actions responding to the needs of the Community taking into account, where it is appropriate, those actions undertaken in the same area by international organizations recognized as competent and by European countries outside the Union;
Whereas, in order to attain that objective, the permanent exchange of information and, in particular, reciprocal consultation on programmes in the Member States, existing and planned, for the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture should be established;
Whereas the coordination, at Community level, of work already under way at national level for the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture must enable that work to be made more effective;
Whereas current work appears inadequate, either because of the nature of the work itself or because the means available to the Member States do not enable them to increase their efforts in the field of the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture; whereas, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity, the European Community should be able to support and supplement the efforts made in the Member States in such cases, thus helping to meet the obligations which weigh on the Community to protect the environment and maintain the countryside, and to develop and implement plans for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity; whereas the problem of conservation of genetic resources in agriculture has a transnational dimension and concerns all Member States, but to date there has been no specific programme of action in this area at Community level; whereas the best solution is to add value by concerting existing actions and supporting new high-priority actions; whereas inaction would lead to inefficiency and loss of genetic resources;
Whereas the work undertaken in the field of the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture should increase diversification in agriculture, help to maintain biological diversity, improve the quality of agricultural products and reduce inputs and agricultural production costs by promoting, in particular, the extensification of agricultural production;
Whereas, given that the coordination of the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture is directly linked to the common agricultural policy, measures adopted to that end must be applied as rapidly as possible;
Whereas, for the purposes of coordination, in view of the geographical spread of the genetic wealth of Community agriculture and owing to the need to implement relevant measures, close and permanent cooperation between the Commission and the Member States on the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture should be established;
Whereas the coordination of work at national level calls for a broad and detailed knowledge of the situation regarding the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture in each Member State; whereas the relevant information should be gathered and the procedures for providing access thereto laid down;
Whereas work carried out at Community level should be directed, in particular, towards improving the quality of agricultural products and finding new uses for traditional or new agricultural products with a view to increasing their added value;
Whereas a Community programme of measures for the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture must help to preserve biological diversity in the Community, increase the competitiveness of agriculture and improve the management of agricultural resources;
Whereas such a Community programme of long-term measures could lead to new forms of production, thus benefiting agriculture, the environment and the countryside;
Whereas it is important to ensure that the results of work on the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture to which the Community makes a contribution is made available to the Community;
Whereas within the framework of the general policy on the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture developed by the Community with the aid of the relevant consultative bodies, the establishment of a committee composed of representatives of the Member States and chaired by a representative of the Commission is the most suitable means for developing cooperation, such a committee being able to provide the appropriate aid and advice to the Commission in the execution of those tasks entrusted to it in the coordination of the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture;
Whereas, to permit the utilization of the results obtained, their dissemination and the provision of advice should be promoted; whereas in order to achieve as broad and appropriate use of the action programme as possible it will be supplemented by publications covering the results and advisory activities,
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
Article 1
1. With a view to the achievement of the aims of the common agricultural policy, work on the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture undertaken in the Member States shall be coordinated and promoted at Community level under the conditions set out in this Regulation.
2. For the purposes of this Regulation:
(a) genetic resources in agriculture shall include both plant and animal genetic resources;
(b) - plant genetic resources shall mean, in particular, those of agricultural crops, including vines, fodder crops, horticultural crops, including market-garden and ornamental crops, medicinal plants and aromatics, fruit crops, forest trees, fungi, micro-organisms and wild flora which are or could be of use in the field of agriculture,
- animal genetic resources shall mean, in particular, those of farm animals (vertebrates and certain invertebrates), micro-organisms and wild fauna which are or could be of use in the field of agriculture.
3. The coordination and promotion referred to in paragraph 1 shall be carried out in accordance with the general policy on genetic resources in agriculture laid down by the Community.
TITLE I Information and consultation
Article 2
Arrangements for the exchange of information and consultation between the Member States and the Commission shall be established under the conditions set out in Articles 3 and 4.
Article 3
1. Member States shall provide the Commission on a regular basis, and at least once a year, with technical, economic and financial information on specific measures for the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture carried out or planned under their authority.
They shall endeavour to provide the Commission on a regular basis with similar information on measures for the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture carried out and planned by bodies not under their authority.
2. The Commission shall keep a permanent inventory of the measures referred to in paragraph 1 and, by means of appropriate measures, encourage exchanges of information between competent organizations in the Member States, in particular exchanges on the origins and individual characteristics of available genetic resources. Such exchanges of information may take place in the context of measures financed by the programme referred to in Article 7.
3. After obtaining the opinion of the Committee referred to in Article 13, the Commission shall fix the procedures for making available to those concerned all the information gathered.
Article 4
1. The Commission shall make a permanent study of the policy on, the situation of and the trends in conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture in the Member States, taking into account the results of other relevant studies in the field of genetic resources, including those available on genetic exploitation and erosion. To that end, the Commission shall consult with the Member States within the Committee referred to in Article 13.
2. The Commission shall organize exchanges of information, and an expansion and improvement of the measures for the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture in particular by means of seminars, training courses, exchanges of experts, study visits and scientific and technical reports.
TITLE II Specific measures
Article 5
1. Without prejudice to any recommendations the Commission might make to the Member States, the Commission shall be responsible for:
(a) assisting the coordination, at Community level, of certain national measures for the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture to permit the rational organization of the means employed within the Community and the efficient utilization of the results and to achieve an approach in line with the aims of the common agricultural policy;
(b) the development and implementation of programmes of measures for the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture at Community level to support or supplement action undertaken in the Member States.
2. The detailed rules for applying paragraph 1 shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 14.
Article 6
1. In accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 14, the Commission shall take all necessary measures to ensure that any results which could contribute to the application of measures adopted pursuant to Article 5 (1) are made available to the Community by the most suitable means.
2. The Commission shall take the appropriate steps, in accordance with the aims of the common agricultural policy, to promote the dissemination and exploitation of any results of work in the field of the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture which could contribute to the achievement of those aims.
TITLE III Action programme concerning genetic resources in agriculture
Article 7
A first Community programme for the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture as set out in Annex I, hereinafter referred to as 'the programme', is hereby adopted for a period of five years.
Article 8
The detailed rules for the application of the programme, including the level of financial support from the Community, are set out in Annex I.
Article 9
The Commission shall implement the programme after obtaining the opinion of the Committee referred to in Article 13. Such consultation shall concern, in particular:
- the drafting and updating of a programme of work,
- the content of the public calls for proposals for actions,
- the assessment of the concerted actions and the projects provided for in Annex I,
- the development and exploitation of the inventory referred to in Article 3 (2).
Article 10
1. The programme of work referred to in the first indent of Article 9 shall set out the detailed objectives, the type of actions to be applied and the relevant financial provisions to be adopted. The Commission shall issue public calls for proposals for actions on the basis of the programme of work.
2. Contracts concluded by the Commission for the implementation of the various measures shall lay down detailed rules for the dissemination, protection and exploitation of the results of actions undertaken as part of the programme.
Article 11
1. During the third year of implementation, the Commission shall carry out a review of the programme and an analysis of the situation, in particular, the financial position. The Commission shall submit a report to the European Parliament and the Council on the results of the review.
2. At the end of the programme, the Commission shall appoint a group of independent experts to assess the results. The group's report, together with the Commission's comments, shall be submitted to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee.
Article 12
1. The funds estimated as necessary for the execution of this programme, including the cost of personnel and administration, amount to ECU 20 million.
2. An indicative allocation of the funds is given in Annex II.
TITLE IV General provisions
Article 13
1. A Committee on the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture, hereinafter referred to as 'the Committee', shall be set up composed of representatives of the Member States and chaired by a representative of the Commission.
2. The Committee shall adopt rules of procedure in accordance with the rules adopted in 1965 for the Management Committees established for the administration of the common organizations of the markets.
3. Matters shall be referred to the Committee for an opinion in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 14.
Article 14
1. Where the procedure laid down in this Article is to be followed, the chairman shall refer the matter to the Committee either on his own initiative or at the request of a representative of a Member State.
2. The representative of the Commission shall submit to the Committee a draft of the measures to be taken. The Committee shall deliver its opinion on the draft within a time limit which the chairman may lay down according to the urgency of the matter. The opinion shall be delivered by the majority laid down in Article 148 (2) of the Treaty in the case of decisions which the Council is required to adopt on a proposal from the Commission. The votes of the representatives of the Member States within the Committee shall be weighted in the manner set out in that Article. The chairman shall not vote.
3. The Commission shall adopt measures which shall apply immediately. However, if these measures are not in accordance with the opinion of the Committee, they shall be communicated by the Commission to the Council forthwith. In that event the Commission may defer application of the measures which it has decided for a period of not more than one month from the date of such communication.
The Council, acting by a qualified majority, may take a different decision within the time limit referred to in the previous paragraph 5.
Article 15
The Committee may consider any other relevant question referred to it by its chairman either on his own initiative or at the request of the representative of a Member State.
Article 16
The Commission shall submit a regular report to the European Parliament and the Council on the measures for the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture referred to in Article 5.
In particular, the report shall include:
- a survey of the development of actions with regard to the conservation characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture in the Member States,
- a description of the development of the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture in the Community,
- the position with regard to measures applied under this Regulation,
- an exploratory study of desirable developments in the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture in the Member States and the coordination of work in that sphere at Community level in the light of the the aims of the common agricultural policy and of the results already achieved under the present programme. The study will include, where appropriate, references to the work undertaken in this area by international organizations of recognized competence.
Article 17
This Regulation shall enter into force on the third day after that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
Done at Luxembourg, 20 June 1994.