Commission Directive 2002/16/EC
of 20 February 2002
on the use of certain epoxy derivatives in materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs
(Text with EEA relevance)
THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,
Having regard to Council Directive 89/109/EEC of 21 December 1988 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs(1), and in particular Article 3 thereof,
After consulting the Scientific Committee on Food,
Whereas:
(1) The use and/or presence of 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane bis(2,3-epoxypropyl) ether ("BADGE"), bis(hydroxyphenyl)methane bis(2,3-epoxypropyl)ethers ("BFDGE") and novolac glycidyl ethers ("NOGE") in materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs has led to questions about their safety, mainly when they are used as an additive.
(2) Test results have shown significant levels of these substances and certain derivatives thereof in some foodstuffs.
(3) The Scientific Committee on Food has given an opinion that the specific migration limit for BADGE and some of its derivatives can be extended for another three years pending the submission of further toxicological data for evaluation.
(4) Acceptance of the use and/or presence of BADGE may therefore be provisionally extended.
(5) The Scientific Committee on Food has examined the data available on BFDGE, which are very similar to the corresponding data obtained for BADGE.
(6) Acceptance of the use and/or presence of BFDGE and some of its derivatives may therefore also be continued pending the submission and evaluation of further toxicological data, under certain conditions.
(7) The Scientific Committee on Food has stated that, in the absence of information about the potential exposure and toxicological profile of NOGE components with more than two aromatic rings and their derivatives, it is not in a position to evaluate the safety of use and/or the presence of corresponding products. The Committee is therefore of the opinion that at present, it is not appropriate to use NOGE as an additive in materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs due to its tendency to migrate in this application.
(8) The use and/or presence of NOGE components with more than two aromatic rings and their derivatives in plastic materials and articles, surface coatings and adhesives intended to come into contact with foodstuffs should be regulated through the establishment of a strict limit, which should, in practice, provisionally rule out their use as additives. This provisional limit should apply pending the submission of adequate data for a more complete scientific risk assessment, in accordance with Article 5(7) of the World Trade Organisation Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, and the development of adequate methods for the determination of their levels in foodstuffs.
(9) The use and/or presence of NOGE and BFDGE as starting substances for the preparation of special coatings used to cover the surfaces of very big containers should provisionally be allowed to continue, pending the submission of further technical data. The large volume/surface area ratio of these containers, their repeated use over their long lifetime which reduces migration, and their contact with foodstuffs at ambient temperature in the majority of the applications suggest that it is not necessary to set a migration limit for NOGE and BFDGE in such containers.
(10) Member States which have not yet authorised the use and/or the presence of BADGE and/or BFDGE and/or NOGE in materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs should be able to maintain their prohibition.
(11) The use and/or presence of BADGE, BFDGE and NOGE in plastic materials and articles, surface coatings such as varnishes, lacquers and paints, as well as adhesives, should be regulated at Community level to avoid risks to human health and barriers to the free movement of goods.
(12) Errors due to the presence of other chemical substances may occur during analysis. Validated methods of analysis are, therefore, necessary for correct verification of compliance with the restrictions set out in the Directive.
(13) A transitional period should be provided for in respect of materials and articles which are brought into contact with foodstuffs before the deadline for implementation of this Directive.
(14) This transitional period should also take into account the requirements of Directive 2000/13/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 March 2000 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the labelling, presentation and advertising of foodstuffs(2), as amended by Commission Directive 2001/101/EC(3).
(15) In view of the new technical requirements, Commission Directive 2001/61/EC of 8 August 2001 on the use of certain epoxy derivatives in materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs(4) should be repealed for reasons of clarity.
(16) The measures provided for in this Directive are in accordance with the opinion of the Standing Committee on Foodstuffs,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1
1. This Directive shall apply to materials and articles which, in the finished product state, are intended to come into contact or are brought into contact with foodstuffs and are intended for that purpose and which are manufactured with or contain one or more of the following substances:
(a) 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane bis(2,3-epoxypropyl) ether (hereinafter "BADGE"), and some of its derivatives;
(b) bis(hydroxyphenyl)methane bis(2,3-epoxypropyl)ethers (hereinafter "BFDGE"), and some of their derivatives;
(c) other novolac glycidyl ethers (hereinafter "NOGE"), and some of their derivatives.
For the purposes of this Directive, "materials and articles" are:
(a) materials and articles made of any type of plastics;
(b) materials and articles covered by surface coatings;
(c) adhesives.
2. This Directive shall not apply to containers or storage tanks having a capacity greater than 10000 litres or to pipelines belonging to or connected with them, covered by special coatings called "heavy-duty coatings".
Article 2
The materials and articles referred to in Article 1(1) shall not release the substances listed in Annex I in a quantity exceeding the limit laid down in that Annex.
The use and/or presence of BADGE in the manufacture of those materials and articles may only be continued until 31 December 2004.
Article 3
The materials and articles referred to in Article 1(1) shall not release the substances listed in Annex II in a quantity which, when added, to the sum of BADGE and its derivatives listed in Annex I, exceeds the limit laid down in Annex II.
The use and/or presence of BFDGE in the manufacture of those materials and articles may only be continued until 31 December 2004.
Article 4
As from 1 March 2003, the quantity of NOGE components with more than two aromatic rings and at least one epoxy group as well as their derivatives containing chlorohydrin functions and having a molecular mass less than 1000 daltons shall not be detectable in the materials and articles referred to in Article 1(1) at the detection limit of 0,2 mg/6 dm2, including analytical tolerance.
For the purpose of this Directive, the detection limit specified in the first paragraph should be verified by a validated method of analysis. If such a method does not exist, an analytical method with appropriate performance characteristics may be used, pending the development of a validated method.
The use and/or presence of NOGE in the manufacture of those materials and articles may only be continued until 31 December 2004.
Article 5
The requirements of this Directive shall not apply to materials and articles covered by surface coatings, and adhesives, referred to in points (b) and (c) of the second subparagraph of Article 1(1), which are brought into contact with foodstuffs before 1 March 2003. These materials and articles may continue to be placed on the market provided that the date of filling appears on the materials and articles, taking into account the requirements of Directive 2000/13/EC.
Article 6
Directive 2001/61/EC is hereby repealed.
References to the repealed Directive shall be construed as references to this Directive and be read in accordance with the correlation table set out in Annex III.
Article 7
Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive by 28 February 2003 at latest. They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.
When Member States adopt those provisions, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or be accompanied by such a reference on the occasion of their official publication. Member States shall determine how such reference is to be made.
Article 8
This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities.
Article 9
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Done at Brussels, 20 February 2002.