COUNCIL DECISION
of 10 July 2007
in accordance with Article 122(2) of the Treaty on the adoption by Malta of the single currency on 1 January 2008
(2007/504/EC)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article 122(2) thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,
Having regard to the report from the Commission (1),
Having regard to the report from the European Central Bank (2),
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament (3),
Having regard to the discussion of the Council, meeting in the composition of Heads of State or Government,
Whereas:
(1)
The third stage of economic and monetary union (EMU) started on 1 January 1999. The Council, meeting in Brussels on 3 May 1998 in the composition of Heads of State or Government, decided that Belgium, Germany, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal and Finland fulfilled the necessary conditions for adopting the single currency on 1 January 1999 (4).
(2)
The Council decided on 19 June 2000 that Greece fulfilled the necessary conditions for adopting the single currency on 1 January 2001 (5). The Council decided on 11 July 2006 that Slovenia fulfilled the necessary conditions for adopting the single currency on 1 January 2007 (6).
(3)
In accordance with paragraph 1 of the Protocol on certain provisions relating to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland annexed to the Treaty, the United Kingdom notified the Council that it did not intend to move to the third stage of EMU on 1 January 1999. This notification has not been changed. In accordance with paragraph 1 of the Protocol on certain provisions relating to Denmark annexed to the Treaty and the Decision taken by the Heads of State or Government in Edinburgh in December 1992, Denmark has notified the Council that it will not participate in the third stage of EMU. Denmark has not requested that the procedure referred to in Article 122(2) of the Treaty be initiated.
(4)
By virtue of Decision 98/317/EC, Sweden has a derogation as defined in Article 122 of the Treaty. In accordance with Article 4 of the 2003 Act of Accession (7), the Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland and Slovakia have a derogation as defined in Article 122 of the Treaty. In accordance with Article 5 of the 2005 Act of Accession (8), Bulgaria and Romania have a derogation as defined in Article 122 of the Treaty.
(5)
The European Central Bank (ECB) was established on 1 July 1998. The European Monetary System has been replaced by an exchange rate mechanism, the setting-up of which was agreed by a resolution of the European Council of 16 June 1997 on the establishment of an exchange-rate mechanism in the third stage of economic and monetary union (9). The procedures for an exchange-rate mechanism in stage three of economic and monetary union (ERM II) were laid down in the Agreement of 1 September 1998 between the ECB and the national central banks of the Member States outside the euro area laying down the operating procedures for an exchange rate mechanism in stage three of economic and monetary union (10).
(6)
Article 122(2) of the Treaty lays down the procedures for abrogation of the derogation of the Member States concerned. According to that Article, at least once every two years, or at the request of a Member State with a derogation, the Commission and the ECB are to report to the Council in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 121(1) of the Treaty. On 27 February 2007, Malta submitted a formal request for a convergence assessment.
(7)
National legislation in the Member States, including the statutes of national central banks, is to be adapted as necessary with a view to ensuring compatibility with Articles 108 and 109 of the Treaty and the Statute of the European System of Central Banks and of the European Central Bank (hereinafter referred to as the Statute of the ESCB). The reports of the Commission and the ECB provide a detailed assessment of the compatibility of the legislation of Malta with Articles 108 and 109 of the Treaty and the Statute of the ESCB.
(8)
According to Article 1 of the Protocol on the convergence criteria referred to in Article 121 of the Treaty, the criterion on price stability referred to in the first indent of Article 121(1) of the Treaty means that a Member State has a price performance that is sustainable and an average rate of inflation, observed over a period of one year before the examination, that does not exceed by more than one and a half percentage points that of, at most, the three best performing Member States in terms of price stability. For the purpose of the criterion on price stability, inflation is measured by the harmonised indices of consumer prices (HICPs) defined in Council Regulation (EC) No 2494/95 (11). In order to assess the price stability criterion a Member State's inflation is measured by the percentage change in the arithmetic average of 12 monthly indices relative to the arithmetic average of 12 monthly indices of the previous period. In the one-year period ending in March 2007, the three best performing Member States in terms of price stability were Finland, Poland and Sweden, with inflation rates of, respectively 1,3 %, 1,5 % and 1,6 %. A reference value calculated as the simple arithmetic average of the inflation rates of the three best performing Member States in terms of price stability plus 1,5 percentage points was considered in the reports of the Commission and the ECB. On this basis, the reference value in the one-year period ending in March 2007 was 3,0 %.
(9)
According to Article 2 of the Protocol on the convergence criteria, the criterion on the government budgetary position referred to in the second indent of Article 121(1) of the Treaty means that at the time of the examination the Member State is not the subject of a Council Decision under Article 104(6) of the Treaty that an excessive deficit exists.
(10)
According to Article 3 of the Protocol on the convergence criteria, the criterion on participation in the exchange-rate mechanism of the European Monetary System referred to in the third indent of Article 121(1) of the Treaty means that a Member State has respected the normal fluctuation margins provided for by the exchange-rate mechanism (ERM) of the European Monetary System without severe tensions for at least the last two years before the examination. In particular, the Member State must not have devalued its currency's bilateral central rate against any other Member State's currency on its own initiative for the same period. Since 1 January 1999 the ERM II has provided the framework for assessing the fulfilment of the exchange rate criterion. In assessing the fulfilment of this criterion in their reports, the Commission and the ECB have examined the two-year period ending 26 April 2007.
(11)
According to Article 4 of the Protocol on the convergence criteria, the criterion on the convergence of interest rates referred to in the fourth indent of Article 121(1) of the Treaty means that, observed over a period of one year before the examination, a Member State has had an average nominal long-term interest rate that does not exceed by more than two percentage points that of, at most, the three best performing Member States in terms of price stability. For the purpose of the criteria on the convergence of interest rates, comparable interest rates on 10-year benchmark government bonds were used. In order to assess the fulfilment of the interest-rate criterion, a reference value calculated as the simple arithmetic average of the nominal long-term interest rates of the three best-performing Member States in terms of price stability plus two percentage points was considered in the reports of the Commission and the ECB. On this basis, the reference value in the one-year period ending in March 2007 was 6,4 %.
(12)
In accordance with Article 5 of the Protocol on the convergence criteria, the statistical data used in the current assessment of the fulfilment of the convergence criteria are to be provided by the Commission. The Commission has provided the necessary data for the preparation of this Decision. The Commission has provided it on the basis of reports submitted by the Member States before 1 April 2007 in accordance with Council Regulation (EC) No 3605/93 of 22 November 1993 on the application of the Protocol on the excessive deficit procedure annexed to the Treaty establishing the European Community (12).
(13)
On the basis of reports presented by the Commission and the ECB on the progress made in the fulfilment by Malta of its obligations regarding the achievement of economic and monetary union, the Commission concludes that:
In Malta, national legislation, including the Statute of the national central bank, is compatible with Articles 108 and 109 of the Treaty and the Statute of the ESCB.
Regarding the fulfilment by Malta of the convergence criteria mentioned in the four indents of Article 121(1) of the Treaty:
-
the average inflation rate in Malta in the year ending March 2007 stood at 2,2 %, which is below the reference value, and is likely to remain below the reference value in the months ahead,
-
the budget deficit in Malta has seen a credible and sustainable reduction to below 3 % of GDP and the debt-to-GDP ratio has been diminishing towards the reference value of 60 %; the Commission therefore recommended the Council to abrogate the Decision on the existence of an excessive deficit for Malta,
-
Malta has been a member of ERM II since 2 May 2005; in the two-year period ending 26 April 2007, the Maltese lira (MTL) has not been subject to severe tensions and Malta has not devalued, on its own initiative, the MTL bilateral central rate against the euro,
-
in the year ending March 2007, the long-term interest rate in Malta was on average 4,3 %, which is below the reference value.
Malta has achieved a high degree of sustainable convergence by reference to these criteria.
Consequently, Malta fulfils the necessary conditions for the adoption of the single currency.
(14)
By its Decision 2007/464/CE (13), the Council, acting on a recommendation from the Commission, abrogated Decision 2005/186/EC on the existence of an excessive deficit in Malta.
(15)
According to Article 122(2) of the Treaty the Council, acting by qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission, is to decide which Member States with a derogation fulfil the necessary conditions for the adoption of the single currency and abrogate the derogations of the Member States concerned,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
Article 1
Malta fulfils the necessary conditions for the adoption of the single currency. The derogation in favour of Malta referred to in Article 4 of the 2003 Act of Accession shall be abrogated with effect from 1 January 2008.
Article 2
This Decision is addressed to the Member States.
Article 3
This Decision shall be published in the Official Journal of the European Union.
Done at Brussels, 10 July 2007.