COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2008/120/EC
of 18 December 2008
laying down minimum standards for the protection of pigs
(Codified version)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article 37 thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament (1),
Whereas:
(1)
Council Directive 91/630/EEC of 19 November 1991 laying down minimum standards for the protection of pigs (2) has been substantially amended several times (3). In the interests of clarity and rationality the said Directive should be codified.
(2)
Most Member States have ratified the European Convention for the protection of animals kept for farming purposes. The Community has also approved this Convention by Council Decision 78/923/EEC (4).
(3)
Council Directive 98/58/EC of 20 July 1998 concerning the protection of animals kept for farming purposes (5) establishes Community provisions applying to all farmed animals in relation to construction requirements for animal housing, insulation, heating and ventilation conditions, equipment inspection and inspection of livestock. It is therefore necessary to deal with these matters in this Directive when more detailed requirements have to be established.
(4)
Pigs, being live animals, are included in the list of products set out in Annex I to the Treaty.
(5)
The keeping of pigs is an integral part of agriculture. It constitutes a source of revenue for part of the agricultural population.
(6)
Differences which may distort conditions of competition interfere with the smooth running of the organisation of the common market in pigs and pig products.
(7)
There is therefore a need to establish common minimum standards for the protection of pigs kept for rearing and fattening in order to ensure rational development of production.
(8)
Pigs should benefit from an environment corresponding to their needs for exercise and investigatory behaviour. The welfare of pigs appears to be compromised by severe restrictions of space.
(9)
When pigs are kept in groups, appropriate management measures for their protection should be taken to improve their welfare.
(10)
Sows prefer to have social interactions with other pigs when provided with freedom of movement and environmental complexity. Keeping sows in continuous close confinement should therefore be prohibited.
(11)
Tail-docking, tooth-clipping and tooth-grinding are likely to cause immediate pain and some prolonged pain to pigs. Castration is likely to cause prolonged pain which is worse if there is tearing of the tissues. Those practices are therefore detrimental to the welfare of pigs, especially when carried out by incompetent and inexperienced persons. As consequence, rules should be laid down to ensure better practices.
(12)
A balance should be kept between the various aspects to be taken into consideration, as regarding welfare including health, economic and social considerations, and also environmental impact.
(13)
It is necessary for official services, producers, consumers and others to be kept informed of developments in this field. The Commission should therefore, on the basis of an opinion from the European Food Safety Authority, actively pursue scientific research into the best pig-rearing system(s) from the point of view of pig welfare. Provision should accordingly be made for an interim period to enable the Commission to complete this task successfully.
(14)
The measures necessary for the implementation of this Directive should be adopted in accordance with Council Decision 1999/468/EC of 28 June 1999 laying down the procedures for the exercise of implementing powers conferred on the Commission (6).
(15)
This Directive should be without prejudice to the obligations of the Member States relating to the time limits for transposition into national law of the Directives set out in Annex II, Part B,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1
This Directive lays down the minimum standards for the protection of pigs confined for rearing and fattening.
Article 2
For the purposes of this Directive, the following definitions shall apply:
1.
‘pig’ means an animal of the porcine species, of any age, kept for breeding or fattening;
2.
‘boar’ means a male pig after puberty, intended for breeding;
3.
‘gilt’ means a female pig after puberty and before farrowing;
4.
‘sow’ means a female pig after the first farrowing;
5.
‘farrowing sow’ means a female pig between the perinatal period and the weaning of the piglets;
6.
‘dry pregnant sow’ means a sow between weaning her piglets and the perinatal period;
7.
‘piglet’ means a pig from birth to weaning;
8.
‘weaner’ means a pig from weaning to the age of 10 weeks;
9.
‘rearing pig’ means a pig from 10 weeks to slaughter or service;
10.
‘competent authority’ means a competent authority within the meaning of Article 2(6) of Council Directive 90/425/EEC of 26 June 1990 concerning veterinary and zootechnical checks applicable in intra-Community trade in certain live animals and products with a view to the completion of the internal market (7).
Article 3
1. Member States shall ensure that all holdings comply with the following requirements:
(a)
the unobstructed floor area available to each weaner or rearing pig kept in a group, excluding gilts after service and sows, must be at least:
Live weight (kg)
m2
Not more than 10
0,15
More than 10 but not more than 20
0,20
More than 20 but not more than 30
0,30
More than 30 but not more than 50
0,40
More than 50 but not more than 85
0,55
More than 85 but not more than 110
0,65
More than 110
1,00
(b)
the total unobstructed floor area available to each gilt after service and to each sow when gilts and/or sows are kept in groups must be at least 1,64 m2 and 2,25 m2 respectively. When these animals are kept in groups of fewer than six individuals the unobstructed floor area must be increased by 10 %. When these animals are kept in groups of 40 or more individuals the unobstructed floor area may be decreased by 10 %.
2. Member States shall ensure that flooring surfaces comply with the following requirements:
(a)
for gilts after service and pregnant sows: a part of the area required in paragraph 1(b), equal to at least 0,95 m2 per gilt and at least 1,3 m2 per sow, must be of continuous solid floor of which a maximum of 15 % is reserved for drainage openings;
(b)
when concrete slatted floors are used for pigs kept in groups:
(i)
the maximum width of the openings must be:
-
11 mm for piglets,
-
14 mm for weaners,
-
18 mm for rearing pigs,
-
20 mm for gilts after service and sows;
(ii)
the minimum slat width must be:
-
50 mm for piglets and weaners, and
-
80 mm for rearing pigs, gilts after service and sows.
3. Member States shall ensure that the construction of or conversion to installations in which sows and gilts are tethered is prohibited. From 1 January 2006 the use of tethers for sows and gilts shall be prohibited.
4. Member States shall ensure that sows and gilts are kept in groups during a period starting from four weeks after the service to one week before the expected time of farrowing. The pen where the group is kept must have sides greater than 2,8 m in length. When fewer than six individuals are kept in a group the pen where the group is kept must have sides greater than 2,4 m in length.
By way of derogation from the first subparagraph, sows and gilts raised on holdings with fewer than 10 sows may be kept individually during the period mentioned in that subparagraph, provided that they can turn around easily in their boxes.
5. Member States shall ensure that, without prejudice to the requirements laid down in Annex I, sows and gilts have permanent access to manipulable material at least complying with the relevant requirements of that Annex.
6. Member States shall ensure that sows and gilts kept in groups are fed using a system which ensures that each individual can obtain sufficient food even when competitors for the food are present.
7. Member States shall ensure that all dry pregnant sows and gilts, in order to satisfy their hunger and given the need to chew, are given a sufficient quantity of bulky or high-fibre food as well as high-energy food.
8. Member States shall ensure that pigs that have to be kept in groups, that are particularly aggressive, that have been attacked by other pigs or that are sick or injured may temporarily be kept in individual pens. In this case the individual pen used shall allow the animal to turn around easily if this is not in contradiction with specific veterinary advice.
9. The provisions laid down in paragraphs 1(b), 2, 4, 5 and the last sentence of paragraph 8 shall apply to all holdings newly built or rebuilt or brought into use for the first time after 1 January 2003. From 1 January 2013 those provisions shall apply to all holdings.
The provisions laid down in the first subparagraph of paragraph 4 shall not apply to holdings with fewer than 10 sows.
Article 4
Member States shall ensure that the conditions for rearing pigs comply with the general provisions laid down in Annex I.
Article 5
The provisions of Annex I may be amended in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 11(2), in order to take account of scientific progress.
Article 6
Member States shall ensure that:
(a)
any person who employs or engages persons to attend to pigs ensures that the person attending to the animals has received instructions and guidance on the relevant provisions of Article 3 and Annex I;
(b)
appropriate training courses are available. In particular such training courses must focus on welfare aspects.
Article 7
1. Preferably before 1 January 2005 and in any event by 1 July 2005, the Commission shall submit to the Council a report, drawn up on the basis of an opinion from the European Food Safety Authority. The report shall be drawn up taking into account the socioeconomic consequences, the sanitary consequences, the environmental effects and different climatic conditions. It shall also take into account the development of techniques and systems of pig production and meat processing which would be likely to reduce the need to resort to surgical castration. If need be, the report shall be accompanied by appropriate legislative proposals on the effects of different space allowances and floor types applicable to the welfare of weaners and rearing pigs.
2. Not later than 1 January 2008 the Commission shall submit to the Council a report, drawn up on the basis of an opinion from the European Food Safety Authority.
The report shall cover in particular:
(a)
the effects of stocking density, including group size and methods of grouping the animals, in different farming systems on the welfare, including health, of pigs;
(b)
the impact of stall design and different flooring types on the welfare, including health, of pigs, taking into account different climatic conditions;
(c)
the risk factors associated with tail-biting and recommendations to reduce the need for tail-docking;
(d)
further developments of group-housing systems for pregnant sows, taking account both of pathological, zootechnical, physiological and ethological aspects of the various systems and of their health and environmental impact and of the different climatic conditions;
(e)
the determination of space requirements, including the service area for individually housed adult breeding boars;
(f)
further developments of loose-house systems for sows in the service area and for farrowing sows which meet the needs of the sow without compromising piglet survival;
(g)
consumers’ attitudes and behaviour towards pigmeat in the event of different levels of improvement in the welfare of the animals;
(h)
socioeconomic implications of the various systems of rearing pigs and their effects on the Community’s economic partners.
The report may, if necessary, be accompanied by appropriate legislative proposals.
Article 8
1. Member States shall ensure that inspections are carried out under the responsibility of the competent authority in order to check that the provisions of this Directive are being complied with.
These inspections, which may be carried out on the occasion of checks made for other purposes, shall each year cover a statistically representative sample of the different rearing systems used in each Member State.
2. The Commission shall, in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 11(2), draw up a code of rules to be applied in carrying out the inspections provided for in paragraph 1 of this Article.
3. Every two years, by the last working day in April and for the first time by 30 April 1996, Member States shall inform the Commission of the results of the inspections carried out during the previous two years in accordance with this Article, including the number of inspections carried out in proportion to the number of holdings in their territory.
Article 9
In order to be imported into the Community, animals coming from a third country must be accompanied by a certificate issued by the competent authority of that country, certifying that they have received treatment at least equivalent to that granted to animals of Community origin as provided for by this Directive.
Article 10
Veterinary experts from the Commission may, where necessary for the uniform application of this Directive, carry out on-the-spot checks in cooperation with the competent authorities. The persons carrying out these checks shall implement the special personal hygiene measures necessary to exclude any risk of transmission of disease.
The Member State in the territory of which a check is being carried out shall give all necessary assistance to the experts in carrying out their duties. The Commission shall inform the competent authority of the Member State concerned of the results of the checks.
The competent authority of the Member State concerned shall take any measures which may prove necessary to take account of the results of the check.
With regard to relations with third countries, the provisions of Chapter III of Council Directive 91/496/EEC of 15 July 1991 laying down the principles governing the organization of veterinary checks on animals entering the Community from third countries (8) shall apply.
General rules for the application of this Article shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 11(2).
Article 11
1. The Commission shall be assisted by the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health set up pursuant to Article 58 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2002 laying down the general principles and requirements of food law, establishing the European Food Safety Authority and laying down procedures in matters of food safety (9), hereinafter referred to as ‘the Committee’.
2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Articles 5 and 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply.
The period laid down in Article 5(6) of Decision 1999/468/EC shall be set at three months.
Article 12
Member States may, in compliance with the general rules of the Treaty, maintain or apply within their territories stricter provisions for the protection of pigs than those laid down in this Directive. They shall inform the Commission of any such measures.
Article 13
Directive 91/630/EEC, as amended by the Acts listed in Annex II, Part A, is repealed, without prejudice to the obligations of the Member States relating to the time limits for transposition into national law of the Directives set out in Annex II, Part B.
References to the repealed Directive shall be construed as references to this Directive and shall be read in accordance with the correlation table in Annex III.
Article 14
This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
Article 15
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Done at Brussels, 18 December 2008.