Document: 402 U.S. 39 91 S.Ct. 1287 28 L.Ed.2d 582 Charles McDANIEL, Superintendent of Schools, et al., Petitioners,v.Joseph BARRESI, Jr., No. 420. Argued Oct. 13, 1970. Decided April 20, 1971. Syllabus The Board Education Clarke County, Ga. (with a two-to-one white-Negro elementary school system ratio), devised student assignment plan for desegregating schools which establishes geographic zones drawn to promote desegregation and also provides that pupils in heavily concentrated Negro 'pockets' walk or go by bus other attendance zones. resulting enrollment ranges from 20% 40% all but two schools, where it is 50%. Respondent parents sued enjoin the plan's operation. state trial court denied an injunction. Georgia Supreme Court reversed, holding violated (1) equal protection because '(treated) students differently their race,' (2) Civil Rights Act 1964, Title IV prohibits board requiring busing achieve racial balance. Held: 1. In compliance with its duty convert unitary system, properly took race into account fixing lines. P. 41. 2. IV, direction federal officials, does not restrict officials assigning within systems. Pp. 41—42. Barresi v. Browne, 226 456, 175 S.E.2d 649, reversed. Eugene A. Epting, Athens, petitioners. E. Freeman Leverett, Elberton, respondents. Mr. Chief Justice BURGER delivered opinion Court. 1 We granted certiorari this case review order enjoining operation plan. action was brought Superior Georgia, children attending public county. Named as defendants were members County Education. respondents' request injunction, on appeal 649 (1970). This then certiorari, 400 804, 10, 27 35 2 Beginning 1963, began voluntary program desegregate schools. student-assignment presently at issue, involving only has been effect since start 1969 academic year. plan, adopted approved Department Health, Education, Welfare,1 relies primarily upon greater Additionally, five either are transported located zones.2 As consequence each varies generally between 40%, although have 50% enrollment. ratio approximately one. 3 Respondents contend board's violates Fourteenth Amendment Federal Constitution 1964. upheld both contentions, concluding first Equal Protection Clause 'by treating race.' concluded prohibited 'requiring transportation one another * such balance *.' reject these contentions. 4 part affirmative disestablish dual drawing To done otherwise would severely hampered ability deal effectively task hand. School boards operated systems 'clearly charged take whatever steps might be necessary discrimination eliminated root branch.' Green Board, 391 430, 437—438, 88 1689, 1694, 20 716 (1968). remedial process, will almost invariably require assigned 'differently See Swann Charlotte-Mecklenburg 281, 1, 1267, 554; Youngblood Public Instruction, 430 F.2d 625, 630 (CA5 1970). Any approach freeze status quo very target processes. 5 Nor barred sections relied respondents (42 U.S.C. §§ 2000c(b), 2000c—6) directed designed simply foreclose any interpretation expanding powers enforce Clause. Swann, supra, U.S., 17, S.Ct., 1276. clearly authorities exercise discretionary assign 6 Reversed. It may well present urgings fear losing financial assistance. court, however, made no findings matters. No parties case. Where distance student's residence his more than 1/2 miles, free provided. There challenge here feasibility provisions annual expenses reported record $11,070 less spent during 1968—1969 year under

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