Document: 371 U.S. 542 83 S.Ct. 531 9 L.Ed.2d 514 LOCAL NO. 438 CONSTRUCTION & GENERAL LABORERS' UNION, AFL—CIO, Petitioner,v.S. J. CURRY et al., etc. No. 87. Argued Nov. 7 and 8, 1962. Decided Jan. 21, 1963. John S. Patton Edwin Pearce, Atlanta, Ga., for petitioner. Robert B. Langstaff, Albany, respondents. Mr. Justice WHITE delivered the opinion of Court. 1 In face petitioner's claim that subject matter this suit was within exclusive jurisdiction National Labor Relations Board, Supreme Court Georgia reversed denial by trial court a temporary injunction sought 217 Ga. 512, 123 S.E.2d 653. We granted certiorari to consider authorize entry an requested parties brief also question our own review court's judgment under 28 U.S.C. § 1257. 369 883, 82 1159, 8 286. 2 Respondents, partners in contracting business, entered into construction contract with City Atlanta requiring wages paid respondents 'conform those being on similar types work area.' Shortly after beginning construction, various unions area visited respondents, whose practice it hire without regard union membership employees were not represented union. According strongly urged hiring labor, whereas recalled only their request raise pay scales prevailing area. Some months later, following unsuccessful efforts have persuade higher wages, petitioner placed single picket at site. Thereupon other contractors respondents' supervision refused experienced difficulty having materials supplies delivered. Construction slowed, laid off all but 37 72 men working them, ability finish job time provided jeopardized. 3 Respondents then brought action Superior Fulton County, Georgia, alleging picketing purpose forcing violation right-to-work statute.1 A hearing upon held. its sole publicizing facts about any event activities claimed be Board. It stipulated had purchased more than $50,000 worth goods commodities from outside State Georgia.2 The denied appealed. found peaceful evidence sufficient sustain finding paying conforming Relying quoting earlier case, nevertheless concluded whole record employer 'to employ or unable comply terms his * such is unlawful purpose, clearly provisions Code Ann.Supp. 54—804 *.'3 'the judge erred refusing interlocutory injunction,' later minutes made court. 4 Upon record, we hold has appellate 1257 reverse below as beyond power courts. allegations complaint, well findings Court, out least arguable 8(b) Act, 29 158(b).4 Consequently, state no issue adjudicate controversy, which lay powers Plumbers, etc., Local 298, A.F. L. v. Door 359 354, 359, 79 844, 847, 872; San Diego Bldg. Trades Council, 2020 Garmon, 236, 244—245, 773, 779, 775; Hotel Employees Union, 255 Sax Enterprises, Inc., 358 270, 273, 289; Weber Anheuser-Busch, 348 468, 478, 481, 75 480, 486—488, 99 L.Ed. 546; Garner Teamsters, Etc., Union 776, 346 485, 489—491, 74 161, 165—166, 98 228. Nor courts sustainable, urge, reason law 14(b) s 164(b). This precise contention been previously considered rejected 429, Farnsworth Chambers Co., 353 969, 77 1056, 1133, reversing 201 Tenn. 329, 299 S.W.2d 8. exceeded authorizing issuance injunction. 5 would us dismiss case since limits authority final judgments authorized injunction, thus leaving permanent order still issued further hearings But believe rests solid ground. federal raised court, here, whether proceed determine controversy. ripe erroneously decided admittedly (compare Gibbons Ogden, 6 Wheat. 448, 302) nor governs properly before Compare 174, Lucas Flour 95, 571, 593. What do here finally asserting deal controversy instead domain Whether wholly separate independent merits cause. merits, namely legality union's picketing, entirely apart determination Board should conduct issue. jurisdictional reviewable District Court's decision Cohen Beneficial Industrial Loan Corp., 337 541, 69 1221, 93 1528, exempting plaintiffs stockholder's filed filing bond pursuant statute. That ruling held 1291 even though take place. now, like Cohen, falls 'in small class claims right separable from, collateral to, rights asserted action, too important cause itself require consideration deferred until adjudicated. long given provision statute practical rather technical construction.' Id., 546, S.Ct., 1225. And Radio Station WOW Johnson, 326 120, 65 1475, 89 2092, Nebraska award relief assertedly Federal Communications Commission accounting place courts.5 'In effect, multiple litigation allowing adjudication because of, unaffected by, another happens entangled.' 126, 1479.6 There doubt determined Lankford Milhollin, 594, 599, 40 376, 379; Smoot Alexander, 192 684, 686, 16 544, 545; Dixon Farm Mtg. 187 660, 661, 732, 733; Blackwell Southland Butane Gas 95 Ga.App. 113, 115, 97 191, 192. Unless will inevitably remain must proceedings conduct. If issues, could come seeking doubtful privilege relitigating entire truth frequently true injunctions labor disputes, may effectively dispose render illusory policy against fragmenting prolonging piecemeal reviews does prohibit holding judgment, particularly when postponing seriously erode national heard adequate sustaining case. Pope Atlantic Coast Line R. 345 379, 382, 73 749, 751, 1094, general demurrer enjoin employee prosecuting Alabama Employers' Liability Act. bar courts' although ordinarily overruling judgment. looked are entitled determining questions finality, Department Banking, Pink, 317 264, 268, 63 233, 235, 87 254; Gospel Army Los Angeles, 331 543, 547, 67 1428, 1430, 91 1662; Richfield Oil Corp. Equalization, 329 69, 72, 156, 158, 80, purposes terminated, freely conceded he defenses offer courts, relying 80. 10 quite situation here. suit, resolved issues course Petitioner's adjudged authorized. Petitioner factual legal present respondent suggest matters adjudicated conclusive lower court.7 Since there nothing substance meaning scope cases. Cf. Clark Williard, 292 112, 54 615, 78 1160.8 11 remains Montgomery Building Council Ledbetter Erection 344 178, 196, 204, where applied salutary long-standing rule decisions judgments. Ledbetter, course, 228, subsequent preemption cases9 respective much mooted Moreover, did pass claim, withdrawn answer controverted clear left litigated apparently preferred avoid deciding relationships traditional badges finality. Republic Natural Co. Oklahoma, 334 62, 68 972, 92 1212. event, however, extent said erroneous assertion dispute, substantial pre-empted decline follow it. 12 reversed. 13 Reversed. 14 HARLAN, concurring result. 15 I join reversal below. approach taken 'finality' far broader demands, precedent warrant.* At today, none interpreted versus could, more, pending. Indeed, expressly contrary, despite fact coupled, might effect mooting underlying thereby aborting 17 Neither WOW, lends support view stage, simply virtue separability rest can deemed For unlike now merged open time. moot victory 18 need strain these precedents breaking point, recognizes (p. 550), 'There case.' During oral argument litigate. words, they course. 19 stand fall presented, squarely governed 1094. what done formality, reviewed every significant sense. No showing supra, readily distinguishable doubts cast vitality Ledbetter; less overruled. law, Ga.Code, 54—804, provides: 'Compelling persons join, refrain joining, organization, strike striking.—It shall person, acting alone concert one compel attempt person joining striking will, threatened actual interference immediate family, physical property, pursuit lawful employment family.' referred 66 9906, 'Unlawfully preventing laborers, performing duties.—Any persons, who, threats, violence, intimidation, means, prevent engaging in, remaining duties occupation, guilty misdemeanor.' Although point judicial interstate commerce, understand accuracy validity stipulation purchases meet direct inflow standards set NLRB exercise jurisdiction. See Twenty-Third Annual Report, p. (G.P.O., 1958). 514, S.E.2d, 655, Powers Courson, 213 20, 96 577. Sections 8(b)(1)(A), 8(b)(2), 8(b)(4)(B), 8(b)(7)(C) provide, pertinent part: '(b) unfair organization agents— '(1) restrain coerce (A) guaranteed section *; '(2) discriminate subsection (a)(3) respect whom terminated some ground failure tender periodic dues initiation fees uniformly required condition acquiring retaining membership; '(4) (i) engage induce encourage individual employed engaged commerce industry affecting refusal use, manufacture, process, transport, otherwise handle goods, articles, materials, perform services; (ii) threaten, coerce, either object thereof is— '(B) cease using, selling, handling, transporting, dealing products producer, processor, manufacturer, doing business recognize bargain representative unless certified 9: Provided, contained clause (B) construed make unlawful, primary picketing; '(7) picketed, threaten employees, accept select collective bargaining representative, currently employees: '(C) conducted petition 9(c) reasonable period exceed thirty days commencement picketing: subparagraph (C) publicity truthfully advising public (including consumers) members with, employment, pick up, deliver transport services. 'Nothing paragraph (7) permit act 8(b).' Amalgamated Meat Cutters 427 Fairlawn Meats, 23, 604, 605, 613; Officers' Commercial Telegraphers 347 17, 40—42, 52—53, 323, 335—336, 342, 662; 55, 218 F.2d 226, 232 (10th Cir.). '(b)ecause importance invaded Commission' directed attention one. U.S., 123, 1478. This, consistent followed older cases recognizing Forgay Conrad, How. 201, 404; Carondelet Canal Navigation Louisiana, 233 362, 34 627, 58 1001. cited text, ante, 550. urgently desire litigate violated city, decide. characterization coercing concerned, E.g., 775, 547. My views fully forth dissenting Mercantile Bank Langdeau, 572, 520.

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