Document: 347 U.S. 637 74 S.Ct. 822 98 L.Ed. 1009 BARBERv.GONZALES. No. 431. Argued March 10, 1954. Decided June 7, Mr. Robert W. Ginnane, Washington, D.C., for petitioner. Mrs. Blanch Freedman, New York City, respondent. Chief Justice WARREN delivered the opinion of Court. 1 Respondent was born in Philippine Islands 1913 and came therefrom to continental United States 1930. He has lived here ever since. In 1941, he convicted State California assault with a deadly weapon sentenced imprisonment one year Alameda County jail. 1950, Washington second degree burglary under indeterminate sentence law that minimum term two years state penitentiary. 1951, after an administrative hearing, ordered deported § 19(a) Immigration Act 1917 as alien who 'after entry' had been more than once terms or crimes involving moral turpitude. 39 Stat. 889, amended, formerly 8 U.S.C. 155(a), U.S.C.A. 155(a).* 2 After respondent taken into custody, filed petition writ habeas corpus District Court Northern California. The attacked validity deportation order on ground, among others, not subject since made 'entry' within meaning section. dismissed petition. On appeal, Appeals Ninth Circuit, judge dissenting, reversed Court's judgment remanded case directions respondent's release from custody. 207 F.2d 398. We granted certiorari. 346 914, 274. 3 sole question presented is whether respondent—who national Islands, prior Independence 1934, 1941 1950 turpitude—may now be 1917. 4 It conceded States; such owed permanent allegiance States, including obligation military service; retained this status when 1930 hence then any other federal statute relating exclusion aliens.1 Government, however, contends changed by 48 456, which provided eventual independence Philippines, subsequently achieved 1946, 60 1352. Section 8(a)(1) 1934 provides: 5 'For purposes 1917, * section, all laws immigration, exclusion, expulsion aliens, citizens are shall considered if they were aliens. For separate country have each fiscal quota fifty.' Government urges reference 'citizens Islands' includes Filipinos residing virtue provision assimilated 'immigration, expulsion'; that, having twice thereafter turpitude, deportable 6 Government's argument premised assumption 19(a). If did make 'entry,' even assuming correct its broad construction Act. 7 '* except hereinafter provided, hereafter because conviction crime committed five entry at time shall, upon warrant Attorney General, custody *.' (Italics added.) sustained contention never requisite 'entry.' With conclusion, we agree. 9 would us interpret 'ordinary, everyday sense' 'coming States.' Under view, States' satisfy requirement. While it true statutory language should interpreted whenever possible according common usage, some acquire special technical process judicial construction. So word E.g., Delgadillo v. Carmichael, 332 388, 68 92 17; ex rel. Claussen Day, 279 398, 49 354, 73 758; DiPasquale Karnuth, Cir., 158 878; Del Guercio Gabot, 161 559. Cf. Volpe Smith, 289 422, 425, 53 665, 667, 77 1598.2 supra, page 401, stated applicable rule: 10 'The (in 19(a)) own force implies coming outside. extent shows there act must arrival foreign port place. There no where goes sea board American vessel returns same another without place.' 11 See also Stapf Corsi, 287 129, 132, 40, 41, 215; Carmichael Delaney, 170 239, 242—243. This concept codified Congress Nationality 1952.3 12 At arriving 'from contrary, moving our insular possessions mainland. until Philippines could regarded 'foreign' immigration purposes. Having warns conclusion inconsistent congressional purpose terminate residence criminals. But believe different permissible view well-settled Although penal character, statutes practical matter may inflict 'the equivalent banishment exile', Fong Haw Tan Phelan, 333 6, 374, 376, 433, strictly construed. 391, 12, 17. absence explicit showing contrary intent, give words their usual meaning.4 13 affirmed. 14 Affirmed. 15 MINTON, whom REED BURTON join, dissenting. 16 holding construed given meaning, I content excellent dissent Judge Bone court below. 402. 17 effect construe favor criminal sought his acts, rather protection citizens. know good reason why strained compel cling onto public policy criminals whose convictions already established record. Why instant case? least do ordinary meaning. 18 construing very statute, said 1298: 19 'An examination think, reveals nothing sufficient indicate intend section meaning.' 20 Eichenlaub Shaughnessy, 338 521, 70 329, 94 307. 21 338, 17, lends authority case. case, voluntarily left land. His ship torpedoed. blown sea. rescued Cuba, whence back way Miami, Florida. said: 22 'In petitioner, course, chose return country, knowing exigencies war, voluntary act, put him soil. indeed harsh read so add peril perils might well hold kidnaped return. Respect does thrive captious interpretations.' 12. 23 fortuitous about petitioner's States. outside, aliens do. No supports 24 Because strict putting liberal criminal, dissent. Now 1251(a)(1—5), (6)(D), (8, 12), (18)(d, e). From Spanish cession 1898 final territory jurisdiction Hooven & Allison Co. Evatt, 324 652, 674—676, 65 870, 881—882, 89 1252. Persons during period nationals entitled conversely owing They excluded general 'aliens.' Gonzales Williams, 192 1, 12—13, 177, 179, 317; Toyota 268 402, 411, 45 563, 565, 69 1016. But, neither become supra; 416. stated: 'We accept first subsequent one. And requires affirmance challenged judgment. That acceptation clear enough Lewis Frick, 233 291, 34 488, 58 967; 758. An context latter makes word's 'ordinary meaning' being "any country". narrowed definition further resident unintentional. 101(a)(13) 1952 Act, 66 167, 1101(a)(13), provides pertinent part: means place outlying possession 101(a)(29), 170, 1101(a)(29), 1101(a) (29), defines 'outlying possessions' Samoa Swains Island. By Hawaii, Alaska, Guam, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands. 188, 1182(d)(7), 1182(d)(7). attacks grounds: (1) country; (2) apply involves proceeding; (3) today lacked power deprive national. Our disposition unnecessary consider these contentions.

Category: 1