Document: 377 U.S. 252 84 S.Ct. 1253 12 L.Ed.2d 280 LOCAL 20, TEAMSTERS, CHAUFFEURS AND HELPERS UNION, etc., Petitioner,v.Lester MORTON, etc. No. 485. Argued April 29, 1964. Decided May 25, David Previant, Milwaukee, Wis., for petitioner. M. J. Stauffer, Sandusky, Ohio, respondent. Mr. Justice STEWART delivered the opinion of Court. 1 The petitioner is a labor organization. Respondent company engaged in business providing dump trucks and drivers, as subcontractor on highway construction, with its principal place at Tiffin, Ohio. represented respondent's employees from 1950 until 1956 under an oral agreement. In parties negotiations written An impasse barg ining precipitated strike which lasted August to October that year. During secondary activities involving some customers suppliers, purpose inducing them cease doing Claiming these were unlawful both § 303 Labor Management Relations Act 1947, 29 U.S.C. 187,1 common law respondent sued United States District Court Northern claiming damages losses caused by petitioner's allegedly conduct during strike. 2 After trial without jury, found had encouraged France Stone Co., supplier respondent, C. A. Schoen, Inc., O'Connel Coal force their employers violation federal Act.2 court awarded $1,600 cau ed this law.3 also determined persuaded management Launder & Son, another customers, refrain Since there been no approach Launder's employees, held request was permissible activity law, but ruled violated which, said, prohibits 'making direct appeals struck employer's or suppliers stop employer * *.' accordingly almost $9,000 compensatory Ohio law.4 addition, more than loss contract haul sand Wilson Sand Gravel resulted insufficient number drivers available perform contract. This award based upon court's reasoning entitled recover measured all profits lost result total activity, so long unlawful.5 Finally, punitive $15,000, although expressly finding times free any violence.6 3 Appeals affirmed respects.7 Relying doctrine pendent jurisdiction, Hurn v. Oursler, 289 238, 53 586, 77 L.Ed. 1148, cases union violence, e.g., Flame Co. Mine Workers, 6 Cir., F.2d 39, appellate concluded '(a) nonfederal cause action not extinguished because state preempted relief,'8 'punitive are recoverable boycott *.'9 Certiorari granted consider issues case presents. 375 939, 348, 11 270. 4 At outset we affirm Act. 'the defendant Company using plaintiff's forcing requiring plaintiff *.'10 clear supported evidence, amount therefor.11 5 With respect remaining components money judgment recovered central question be decided whether court, federal, apply awarding resulting union's peaceful vis-a -vis employer, confined field damage actions brought specifically limited provisions We disagree can resolved either reference jurisdiction line precedents have permitted applied situations where violence present. If mark limits beyond may go activities, then service. Pendent permits circumstances determine otherwise would heard court. supra. But if authority give greater power do so.' Lauf E. G. Shinner 323, 328, 58 578, 581, 82 872. 7 And has prevail reason controlling considerations entirely absent present case. '(W)e allowed grant compensation consequences, defined traditional torts, marked imminent threats public order. International Union, Automobile, Workers Russell, 356 634, 78 932, 1030; Construction Laburnum Const. Corp., 347 656, 74 833, 98 1025. State prevailed compelling interest, scheme our federalism, maintenance domestic peace overridden absence clearly expressed congressional direction. such interest.' San Diego Bldg. Trades Council Garmon, 359 236, 247—248, 79 773, 781, 775. 8 It contention, however, since neither arguably protected nor prohibited National Act, amended, basis injuries conduct. even though it assumed least here involved prohibited, still necessary enacting 303, 'Congress occupied closed regulation.' Union O'Brien, 339 454, 457, 70 783, 94 978. basic question, other words, 'in this, incompatible doctrines local must way principles law.' Local 174, Teamsters, Lucas Flour 369 95, 102, 571, 576. answer ultimately depends application kind operate frustrate legislation. Colorado Anti-Discrimination Comm'n Continental Air Lines, 372 714, 722, 83 1022, 1026, 10 84. 9 Section 303(b) authorizes courts person injured certain described s 303(a).12 type made subject private considered Congress, 303(a) comprehensively great particularity 'describes condemns specific directed objectives.' 1976, Brotherhood Carpenters, Board, 357 93, 98, 1011, 1015, 1186.13 selecting forms economic pressure should Congress 'balance between uncontrolled further respective interests,' id., 100, 1016, 'preserving right organizations bring bear offending primary disputes (by) shielding unoffending others pressures controversies own.' Board Denver Council, 341 675, 692, 71 943, 953, 95 1284. case, proscribed '(A) persuade him engage boycott, refrains means coercion through inducement employees.' supra, 99, 1016. weapon self-help, formed integral part effort achieve bargaining goals respondent.14 Allowing use balance conflicting interests union, community. 761, Electrical, 366 667, 672, 81 1285, 1288, 592. proscribe same focused did when enacted inevitable determination leave self-help available, upset national policy. 'For impinge area combat designed quite much obstruction policy declare picketing purposes methods prohibits.' Garner 346 485, 500, 161, 171, 228. hold, therefore, against persuasion Lanunder's cannot stand. require reversal damages. Punitive violations conflict judgment, reflected language statute15 legislative history,16 recovery actual, insofar only they stand, because, held, substantive yield limitations. short, 'of judicial decision within dominated sweep statutes legal relations affect deemed governed having source those statutes, rather Sola Electric Jefferson 317 173, 176, 63 172, 87 165. Accordingly, hold displaced damages.17 There remains consideration account. conceded 'no evidence connection (the Wilson) job,' record makes account his discouraged working activity.18 event injury 'by subsection (a)' does violate 303(a), 592, proximately lawful, contemporaneously acts elsewhere. See Chauffeurs, 175 111 U.S.App.D.C. 65, 294 261. 13 vacated remanded proceedings consistent opinion. ordered. 14 Vacated remanded. 15 GOLDBERG, concurring. 16 My concurrence Court's indicate approval holdings 1030, 1947 provided: shall unlawful, section only, industry affecting commerce, organization in, induce encourage concerted refusal course employment use, manufacture, process, transport, handle work goods, articles, materials, commodities services, object thereof is— '(1) self-employed join using, selling, handling, transporting, dealing products producer, processor, manufacturer, person; '(2) recognize bargain representative unless certified 159 title; '(3) particular '(4) assign trade, craft, class failing conform order certification determining performing work. Nothing contained construed make enter premises (other own employer), ratified approved whom required subchapter II chapter. '(b) Whoever property (a) sue therefor district limitations 185 title controversy, parties, sustained cost suit.' 61 Stat. 158, 187. Certain amendments Labor-Management Reporting Disclosure 1959, 73 545, (Supp. IV) 187, germane questions presented 200 F.Supp. 653, 658—659. Id., 661. 658, 320 505. 507. 508. F.Supp., 659. No dealings Inc. note 1, 8(b)(4), 158(b)(4), 'have identity language' specify two 'different remedies.' Longshoremen's shoremen's Warehousemen's Juneau Spruce 342 237, 244, 72 Ct. 235, 239, 96 275. 8(b)(4) provides constitutes unfair practice administrative remedy afforded. gives rise claim cognizable courts. As consequence 1959 now incorporates prohibitions embodied 8(b)(4). voluntary compliance request, unsupported consideration, amounted 'agreement, express implied' 8(e) added 519, 158(e). pertinent '(w)hoever (Emphasis supplied.) Senate debate bill, Senator Taft '* I see why suits sort filed. all, restore people who lose something boycotts jurisdictional strikes lost.' 93 Cong.Rec. 4858. Later, response Morse's impose virtually unlimited liability, 'Under Sherman suit attorneys' fees. simply provide actual damages.' 4872—4873. 17 America Patton, 211 742, 747—750, 47 A.L.R.2d 850; Overnite Transportation 257 N.C. 18, 125 S.E.2d 277, cert. denied, 371 862, 120, 100. 18 argued effective attempts discourage nothing indicate, effect whatsoever employees' decisions

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