Document: 385 U.S. 149 87 S.Ct. 382 17 L.Ed.2d 258 UNITED STATES, Petitioner,v.Stephen Robert DEMKO. No. 76. Argued Nov. 8, 1966. Decided Dec. 5, Richard S. Salzman, Asst. Atty. Gen., for petitioner. Gerald N. Ziskind, Pittsburgh, Pa., respondent. Mr. Justice BLACK delivered the opinion of Court. 1 The respondent Demko, a federal prisoner, was seriously injured in 1962 performance an assigned prison task penitentiary. Shortly afterward he filed claim compensation benefits under 18 U.S.C. § 4126. That law, first enacted by Congress 1934, authorized Federal Prison Industries, Inc., corporation, to use its funds 'in paying, rules and regulations promulgated Attorney General, * inmates or their dependents injuries suffered any industry.'1 Under that law it, awarded $180 per month which start on discharge from continue so long as disability continued.2 After winning this award, brought action against United States District Court Tort Claims Act,3 alleging his injury due Government's negligence entitled recover additional damages Act. defended single ground respondent's right 4126 exclusive remedy Government barring him suit Court, holding not remedy, rejected defense accordingly entered judgment tort based stipulated facts. Appeals Third Circuit affirmed. 350 F.2d 698. Subsequently Second Circuit, Granade v. States, 356 837, reached precisely opposite result, inmate, employment eligible 4126, is precluded suing To resolve conflict we granted certiorari. 383 966, 86 1275, 16 307. 2 Historically, workmen's statutes were offspring desire give workers quicker more certain recovery than can be obtained suits subject common-law defenses such suits. Thus laws are practically always thought substitutes for, supplements to, actions. A series comparatively recent cases has recognized historic truth ruled accordingly. Johansen 343 427, 72 849, 96 L.Ed. 1051, Patterson 359 495, 79 936, 3 971, instance, typical recognition groups covered exclusive. Such rulings have established general rule exclusivity laws.4 In supra, at 441, 857, stated where 'the created comprehensive system award payments injuries, it should held made exceptions without specific legislation effect.' Later 496, 937, emphatically refused abandon ruling, calling attention fact statute could change 'policy time.' Consequently decide case principle that, there reasonably fairly covers particular group workers, presumably protect group. There no indication congressional purpose make non-exclusive. It provided prisoners only chance they had kind. Its enactment 12 years prior 1946 nothing legislative history latter Act pointed add after already been protected Indeed hold designed supplemental effect would given greater protection all other government employees who exclusively Employees' Compensation Act,5 easy infer. 4 court below accept because deemed enough. We disagree. shown regulations, coverage amount dependents, compares favorably with over country.6 While differences way protects beneficiaries, these main differing circumstances nonprisoners. Solicitor General points out, offers far liberal many state laws, standard rests schedules payment take care employees. This meet, accepted fashion special need class prisoners, now 30 functioned satisfaction Congress, except broadened 1961.7 Until decides differently adequate substitute torts. 5 required states Muniz, 374 150, 83 1850, 10 805. think not. Whether prisoner also neither issue nor decided Muniz. As our Muniz noted, two law. What involved, barred seeking relief However, case. decision possibly control here law.8 All arguments considered but find none sufficient justify judgments courts reversed direction sustain 6 Reversed. 7 WHITE, whom DOUGLAS joins, dissenting. 8 805, available Given case, respondent, while unless proposition intent effect. Certainly section does words exclude remedies; my view inferred, meet tests 971. Section permits, require, application industries income some form scheme. scheme adopted applies limited prisoners—those doing industry, maintenance, similar work. industry work gets plan until released then if completely recovered. Furthermore, stop reincarcerated. If dies prison, all. On hand, guard plan, may sue Recovery when keeps whether before term expires again imprisoned. 9 Essentially, I agree Judge Freedman, wrote Circuit. following passage opinion: 'Congress adopting amendment 1961 gave express exclusive, provisions preclude imputation intention. very different servicemen described Feres being 'simple, certain, uniform' (340 135, 144, 71 153, 95 152) time passed 1946. vastly enjoyed employes permissive rather mandatory. entirely within discretion exceed payable paid upon inmate's release will denied full occurs custody significant remains release. provision claimant personal physician present physical examination, opportunity administrative review. Finally, compensation, even granted, become vested right, conducts himself lawful manner immediately suspended conviction crime, incarceration penal institution. 11 'What emerges therefore, severely restrictive permeated levels dominion origin injury. discretionary sketchy plaintiff 1946, equivalent 1916. Nowhere found intended serve broad sweeping policy embodied Act.' 698, 700—701. (Footnotes omitted.) Nor cumulate concedes must offset otherwise receive. 13 Respectfully, dissent. June 23, c. 736, 4, 48 Stat. 1211. Industries Columbia corporation 'governmental body' expand industrial training rehabilitation program initiated May 27, 1930, 340, 46 391. August 1, 1966, raised $245.31 authority July 80 252, amending Act, 39 742, amended, 751 et seq. 28 §§ 1346(b), 2671 lower held, uniformly, persons supplied received course Jones Suits Admiralty Public Vessels Jarvis Cir., 342 799, cert. denied, 831, 70, 15 75; Rizzuto 298 748; Lowe 292 501; Somma 283 149; Mills Panama Canal Co., 272 37, 362 961, 877, 876; Forfari, 268 29, Denied, 361 902, 211, 157; Balancio 267 875, 139, 114; Aubrey 103 U.S.App.D.C. 65, 254 768; Firth, 207 665; Lewis 89 21, 190 22, 869, 110, 653. See Gradall 329 960, 963, 161 Ct.Cl. 714; Denenberg 305 378, 379—380, 158 401. governing awards appear CFR 301.1—301.10 (1965 rev.). expanded include prisoners' 'any industry' activity connection maintenance operation institution confined.' September 26, 1961, 75 681. 'right pursuant (s) affected suit. Regardless outcome (respondent) same instituted.'

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