Document: 383 U.S. 463 86 S.Ct. 943 16 L.Ed.2d 31 Ralph GINZBURG et al., Petitioners,v.UNITED STATES. Edward MISHKIN, Appellant, v. STATE OF NEW YORK. Nos. 42 and 49. Supreme Court of the United States March 21, 1966 Dissenting Opinion. Paul Bender, Washington, D.C., for respondent, pro hac vice, by special leave Court. Mr. Justice BRENNAN delivered opinion 1 A judge sitting without a jury in District Eastern Pennsylvania1 convicted petitioner Ginzburg three corporations controlled him upon all 28 counts an indictment charging violation federal obscenity statute, 18 U.S.C. § 1461 (1964 ed.).2 224 F.Supp. 129. Each count alleged that resident received mailed matter, either one publications challenged as obscene, or advertising telling how where might be obtained. The Appeals Third Circuit affirmed, 338 F.2d 12. We granted certiorari, 380 961, 85 1103, 14 152. affirm. Since petitioners do not argue trial misconceived failed to apply standards we first enunciated Roth States, 354 476, 77 1304, 14983 only serious question is whether those were correctly applied.4 2 In cases which this has decided questions since Roth, it regarded materials sufficient themselves determination question. present case, however, prosecution charged offense context circumstances production, sale, publicity assumed that, standing alone, obscene. agree may include consideration setting presented aid determining obscenity, assume deciding could have succeeded otherwise. As Mishkin State New York, 502, 958, did courts below, F.Supp., at 134, F.2d, 14—15, view against background commercial exploitation erotica solely sake their prurient appeal.5 record regard amply supports decision mailing offended statute.6 3 EROS, hard-cover magazine expensive format; Liaison, bi-weekly newsletter; Housewife's Handbook on Selective Promiscuity (hereinafter Handbook), short book. issue EROS specified indictment, Vol. 1, No. 4, contains 15 articles photo-essays subject love, sex, sexual relations. prefatory 'Letter from Editors' announcing its dedication 'keeping sex art preventing becoming science.' remainder consists digests two concerning relations had earlier appeared professional journals report interview with psychotherapist who favors broadest license relationships. noted, '(w)hile treatment largely superficial, entirely restraint any kind. According defendants' own expert, literary merit.' 134. purports autobiography detailing complete candor author's experiences age 36. text includes, concluding sections book elaborate, her views such subjects education children, laws regulating private consensual adult practices, equality women It was claimed would find valuable, example marriage manual children. 4 Besides testimony merit material, there abundant evidence show each accused originated sold stock trade sordid business pandering—'the purveying textual graphic matter openly advertised appeal erotic interest customers.'7 early sought privileges postmasters Intercourse Blue Ball, Pennsylvania. court found obvious, these hamlets chosen value names furthering petitioners' efforts sell basis salacious appeal;8 facilities post offices inadequate handle anticipated volume mail, denied. Mailing then obtained postmaster Middlesex, Jersey. Liaison thereafter several million circulars soliciting subscriptions office; over 5,500 copies mailed. 5 'leer sensualist' also permeates publications. sent stressed respective publications, boasted publishers take full advantage what they unrestricted allowed law expression matters.9 Handbook, apparently consisted almost reproduction introduction book, written Dr. Albert Ellis. Although he alludes book's informational putative therapeutic usefulness, his remarks are preoccupied imagery. solicitation indiscriminate, limited those, physicians phychiatrists, independently discern worth.10 Inserted advertisement slip labeled 'GUARANTEE' reading, 'Documentary Books, Inc. unconditionally guarantees refund price THE HOUSEWIFE'S HANDBOOK ON SELECTIVE PROMISCUITY if fails reach you because Post Office censorship interference.' Similar slips Liaison; highlighted gloss put eliminating doubt purchaser being asked buy.11 6 This evidence, our view, relevant ultimate and, record, serves resolve ambiguity doubt. deliberate representation erotically arousing, example, stimulated reader accept them prurient; looks titillation, saving intellectual content. Similarly, tend force public confrontation potentially offensive aspects work; brazenness heightens offensiveness material. And presentation dissemination material equally social importance courtroom was, circumstances, pretense reality—whether traded market-place spurious claim litigation purposes. Where purveyor's sole emphasis sexually provocative fact decisive obscenity. Certainly which, here, does necessarily imply suppression involved, originate used pandering application test. 7 proposition argued improperly obscene whole, concluded four predominantly appealed substantially exceeded community candor, while other admittedly non-offensive. But '(t)he studied arrangement editorialized purpose appealing insulate through inclusion non-offensive material.' 131. However erroneous conclusion unsupported pandering, here it. created, represented instrument stimulation bring. Like pervasive matters rendered available make 'the widespread weakness titillation pornography.'12 Petitioners' expert agreed, think, '(i)f object (of work) gain creator curiosity appetite,' work pornographic. words, animating sensual detail give publication cast, reinforced conceded Government otherwise debatable conclusion. 8 similar analysis applies judgment regarding Handbook. bulk proofs directed concerned publication. Before selling rights petitioners, author printed privately; she persons whose membership lists medical psychiatric associations, asserting adjunct therapy. Over 12,000 sales resulted solicitation, number witnesses testified useful practice. seriously contest worth controlled, even neutral, environment. Petitioners, audience, focus claims supposed educational value; rather, deliberately emphasized work, order catch salaciously disposed. They proclaimed obscenity; cannot conclude below erred taking evaluation face declaring whole despite evidence.13 9 Rebhuhn, 109 512, persuasive authority conclusion.14 That under predecessor 1461, brought scholars members learned professions. books involved authors proved many instances been men scientific standing, anthropologists psychiatrists. Second therefore entitled protection First Amendment, 'could lawfully passed mails, likely use purposes * *.' 514. defendants disseminated 'proper use, but woefully misused them, misuse constituted gravamen crime.' Id., 515. Speaking affirming conviction, Judge Learned Hand said: 10 '* (T)he works place, though one, anthropology psychotherapy. laymen wished study practices savage barbarous peoples, aberrations; most per se. decisions held statute forbid However, case bar, when showed indiscriminately flooded mails advertisements, plainly designed merely prurient, guise distributing merit. mean distributor duty insure shall proper hands, nor need say care must possible limit; no more than appeals disposed, (fact finder) pierce fragile screen, set up cover purpose.' 514—515. 11 perceive threat Amendment thus holding close probative respect nature satisfy test.15 No weight ascribed profited sale hold adjudged abstract; sanction indeed induce self-censorship, offend frequently stated principle activity, itself, justification narrowing secured Amendment.16 Rather, created exploited interests17 strengthens transactions illicit merchandise, constitutionally protected matter.18 conviction explained part presence element, suppress question, chill distribution use. Nor should inhibit enterprise others seeking endeavor advance human knowledge understanding science, literature, art. All will determined questionable brands term defined Roth—a inconsistent shelter Amendment.19 'The is, course, attribute defendant's conduct, placed draw color character. wholly different result reached setting.' U.S., 495, S.Ct., 1315 (Warren, C.J., concurring). 12 important stress simply elaborates test vel non judged. interests pornography shown lending itself description matters, support contexts escape condemnation. 13 Petitioners raise procedural objections, principally findings accompanied court's memorandum opinion, Fed.Rules Crim.Proc. 23. Even assumption objections well taken, error affecting substantial rights. Affirmed. BLACK, dissenting. Only stark emerges clarity out confusing welter opinions thousands words today.1 Ginzburg, now finally authoritatively condemned serve five years prison about neither anyone else possibly known criminal. Since, I said times, believe Federal power whatever Constitution type burden speech ideas kind (as distinguished conduct), Part II dissent my Brother DOUGLAS reverse Ginzburg's ground alone. assuming, correct today Congress clamp official some selected Court, ways approved it, enacted enforced invalid grounds. I. 17 Criminal punishment government, although universally recognized necessity areas exercise government's awesome dangerous powers. Consequently, wise good governments hedge restricting within easily identifiable boundaries. Experience, wisdom flowing experience, long ago led belief agents government vested discretion define punish criminal past conduct clearly crime advance. To end, least part, came into being, marking boundaries impose people. contrast, bad wrote general rules all, leaving highly task unbridled moment trial, sometimes, history tells us, unknown tongue so people understand inaccessible spots read them. seems me harsh expedients previously marked years. HARLAN effect rewritten thereby imposed criteria never thought about; think certainly adopt see having sentence affirmed amended below. Such affirmance violates due process. Cole Arkansas, 333 196, 68 514, 92 L.Ed. 644. Compare Shuttlesworth City Birmingham, 382 87, 211, 176. Quite apart vice affirmance, declared majority guidelines determine can punished common publishing circulating vague meaningless practically fate person violating statutes discretion, whim caprice tries him. separately discuss elements consider proving obscenity.2 19 (a) element considered necessary dominant theme taken sex. quite apparent beings, serving judges jurors, expected sort remotely promise uniformity enforcement law. What individual, juror, 'prurient sex' depend run given ordinary scrutiny, large extent judge's juror's personality, habits, inclinations, attitudes individual characteristics. courthouse so-called criterion another community, maybe few miles away, same clean bill health. final submission amounts nothing request juror assert personal beliefs legally distributed. Upon subjective becomes certain last time. 20 (b) second described 'patently affronts contemporary relating matters. *' Nothing position adopted previous leaves certainty 'community standards'3 referred world-wide, nation-wide, section-wide, state-wide, country-wide, precinct-wide township-wide. definite mentioned, capable assessing standards' subject? Could expect jurors Mississippi York City, Vermont California? So again guilt innocence defendant particular individuals place held. remember try man 3,000 home. 21 (c) third Brethren required establish 'utterly redeeming value.' uncertain, substance Milky Way. If free society contemplated Bill Rights, little defense liberty American provokes stimulates desire value. Whether evolving, dynamic ours uniform agreement among politicians, statesmen, professors, philosophers, scientists, religious groups group. case-by-case assessment values technique utilize stays penitentiary. 22 My after fourteen separate handed down person, much less layman, knowing comes area 'obscenity' confused today. For reason if, appears today, country far along way talk write, commit further constitutional transgressions dark literature symbols distributed obnoxious governmental Nation accepted basic ideal freedom, am compelled stamp illegal preferable unpredictable book-by-book drifted. 23 saying once forbids conduct. II. 24 obvious Court's exceedingly orally writing anything Sex life. Its influence felt throughout world ignored. facts life lead difficulty trouble sorrow pain. abuses, instances, spoken know pleasantly interwoven activities involves very creation itself. bound Though suggest solve problems arise discussions thing confident, answer problems. difficult approves subjecting dangers anticipate moment. avoid exactly adopted. myself follow course recognize aspect discussion made crime. 25 case. 26 DOUGLAS, dissenting 27 Today's condemnation engrafts exception unwarranted judge-made new condemns old history. advertisements best magazines chock-full thighs, ankles, calves, bosoms, eyes, hair, potential buyer's attention lotions, tires, food, liquor, clothing, autos, insurance policies. sexy adds detracts quality merchandise offered sale. whit legality stand own, irrespective reasons why wiles imagine promotional effort chapters Song Solomon worthy unostentatious average edition Bible. has, veriety contexts, insisted preservation safeguarded requires virgilance. 'criminal usually imponderables contingencies freedoms.' Dombrowski Pfister, 479, 486, 1116, 1120, 22. uncertainty distinguishing characteristic legal principle—in 'pandering' theory—'the loser.' Smith People California, 361 147, 151, 80 215, 218, 205. takes admonition Speiser Randall, 357 513, 525, 78 1332, 1342, 1460, separation legitimate illegitimate calls sensitive tools.' frailties us reject insensitive procedures1 clumsy, vague, overbroad substantive realm 488, 1311, 1498, door barring state intrusion left adjar; kept tightly closed opened slightest crack prevent encroachment interests.' 29 aura promotion contents importance.' supra, 484, 1309.3 One Promiscuity, doctors psychiatrists clinical psychologist 'I like recommend church read, especially marital difficulties, increase tolerance another. Much suitable reading teen people, young empathize strongly growing period Mrs. Rey (Anthony) relates, disabused unrealistic notions experiences. help better appreciation female sexuality.' 30 Rev. George Von Hilsheimer III, Baptist minister,4 'insistently pastoral counseling formal psychological counseling': history, unhappy series misadvantures encounter typical woman men. adventures outside normally bounds Americans serial polygamy, teach advocate this, gives whom sense unusual, failures guilty are, say, failures.' 32 minister's enough test, unless censor's word experts weighed scales, event Anthony Comstock too often prove weighty dozen detached scholars, we, Board Censors, lay review censor benefit 'any evidence' rule 'substantial administrative field. Cf. Universal Camera Corp. National Labor Relations Board, 340 474, 71 456, 95 456. Or perhaps let sift choose conflicting versions 'redeeming importance' making sure keep clear lest reverse, Book Named 'John Cleland's Memoirs Woman Pleasure' Attorney General Com. Massachusetts, 413, 975, lower fair two-sided argument was. importance,' honor minister field counseling. 33 Then newsletter Liaison. witnesses, critic Dwight Macdonald, while, go beyond customary limits tolerated 'an extremely testeless, vulgar repulsive issue.' may, perhaps, overstate collection 'dirty' jokes poems, late Jerome Frank: 34 'Those lawyers. Judges judicial notice gatherings lawyers Bar Association alumni leading schools, tales told fully 'obscene' statute. 'One thinks lyrics sung respected conservative member faculty great law-school considers Alma Mater Many upper courts."5 35 Liaison's spiritual. 'shameful morbid nudity, excretion.' ribald humor is—for worse—a culture. mature ignore 36 EROS. affirms court, essays numerous limericks, expressed equal force. Another photo essay 'Black White Color' dealt interracial love: undoubtedly society. Critic Macdonald testified: 37 suppose idea Negro white together, then, horrified don't. From artistic point good. fact, done taste, don't it—I heard before, obviously competent accomplished photographer.' 38 witness, Professor Horst W. Janson, presently Chairman Fine Arts Department University, 39 outstandingly beautiful photographs. treated lyrical delicate manner here. 40 add photography appropriate hands photographer awareness compositional devices patterns well-established western 41 contrast bodies opportunities models color, rather extraordinary contrasts.' article specifically Drs. Eberhard Phyllis C. Kronhausen women, illustrative quotations.6 discussed stated: 43 (this was) interesting remarkable quotations love-making, intercourse eloquent way. seen woman's view. made, difference between man's approach important.' 44 Still lengthy excerpt Life Loves Frank Harris, record. Suffice stature. At importance.'7 45 Some tracts concern normal homosexuality, masochistic yearning probably everyone some. Masochism subdued. broad frame reference longing whipped lashed, gagged, cruelly treated.8 Why unlawful cater needs group? sure, somewhat offbeat, nonconformist, odd. tastes. Chopin, 'rock roll.' 'normal,' masochistic, deviant respects, homosexual. group translates mundane symbols. group, embracing masochism, anathema stable majority. freedom press denied them? Are barred communicating symbolisms When speaks 'social value,' 'value' majority? minority cognizable? one; Is communicate other? communication 'written word' forbidden? enough, greater thereapeutical sermon 'normal' ever offer. importance'? 'Redeeming' whom? 'Importance' 46 took stance One, Olesen, 355 371, 364, 352, unanimously reversed Cir., 241 772 opinion. Our accurately Lockhart McClure, Obscenity Censorship: Core Constitutional Issue—What Obscene? Utah L.Rev. 289, 293 (1961): 47 '(This) homosexuals One—The Homosexual Magazine, definitely critical magazine, tastes homosexuals.'9 48 Man fixed mould. caters idiosyncrasies minority, ahve temporary transient likes dislikes spectrum. plebian testes be, others' How probe mysteries subconscious not? Catering eccentric taste giving opportunity express repress inner desires, chusetts, 431—432, 984. antisocial conduct? 49 unorthodox amongst us. orthodox literature. An omniscience possess. 50 leads conclusion, allows expressed—whether orthodox, popular, repulsive. permissible lines 'good' 'bad' true mandate permitted 'reasonable' regulation expression, constitutions nations,10 legislative judiciary leeway. charter control barred. sit reveal 'truth' is. pick competing offerings. There compulsion spend one's time poring bulletins, political tracts, theological treatises. theory choose, trash attracted satisfies deepest need, hopefully, move plateau enduring ideas. 51 Free Society Constitution. acting censors endowing shocking send anything, distant incitement action ones before 52 HARLAN, 53 convictions corporate codefendants. convicted, ed.), shipment 'nonmailable' matter. Manual Enterprises, Day, 370 478, 82 1432, 639, assessed, character premise arising predecessors, decided. See, e.g., 1498. restricted banning 'hardcore pornography,' 507, 1320, Memoirs' General, 455, 996. Because maintained falls narrow class, excluded mails. 54 recognizes justifying convictions; refuses approve 'exegesis Roth' (note 3, 465, 944); declines 'characterizations' 'outside' 'setting' announces crucial 5, 466, 945). Moreover, accepts Government's concession 'worth' something 'controlled, environment' (383 472, 948); notes 'publications abstract' 949). sustains items not, viewing strictly, 55 curious elaboration unrelated language, purposes, applied, convict defendants. While precise obscure, objective ultimately focuses supplemented goes mailer's aim 'pander' 'titillate' 56 panderer statutory doctrine, latter category.1 area, longer protects nonobscene, examined light attitude, motives. mere euphemism allowing just agreeable. Were enact 'panderer' police power, that—subject drafting attacks vagueness grounds—such constitutional. Possibly postal commerce fear write sharply focused definitions area. Casting dubious straightforward 101-year-old (see Stat. 507) astonishing piece improvisation. 57 perfectly sustained tried Appeals.2 face' social, value'; 'no credible valid psychiatry, psychology, medicine.' 129, Eros majority's casts doubts explicit findings. interprets offhand remark prosecutor sentencing hearing 'concession,' accepts, rested petitioner, explicitly implied rejection based Similarly Eros, implies finding 'erroneous' supported 'by pandering' 471, 947). characterizes decision, aside conclusion' 948). 58 dimension return day come depend. affords subsequent purveyor Fanny Hill methods secure 59 motives pander pornography' receiving relevant. interested purchasing reasons, public. On hand, suggests, exonerate showing primarily (no set) serious—minded Also representations. Conceivably someone selective portions classic avowed risk nonmailable Presumably attempt ban Lady Chatterley's Lover, bannable 1960 abstract Roth. Grove Press, Christenberry, 276 433. Press passages D. H. Lawrence's theories properly invoked. well-known A. N. Entitled Ulysses, 72 705, Woolsey 182, nugatory mailer Ulysses titillating readers 'coarse, blasphemous, obscene' portions, 707, piloting intricacies Joyce's stream consciousness. 60 past, admissible intent.3 Now attitude motive, primary seeing inquiries logically related addition, impermissibly 1461. 61 62 STEWART, 63 sentenced sending mail pamphlet, possess Personally, hard discerning any. Most strikes both unedifying. means esthetic sensibilities, mine other's. 64 Censorship reflects society's lack confidence hallmark authoritarian regime. Long charted course. believed truly strong free. faith, worse, enlightened choice interference policeman's intrusive thumb heavy hand. coarse refined, vulgarity elegance. worthless convey neighbor. committed himself.1 65 Constitution, room 'obscenity press.' 485, 1309. characterized id., 1309, 'deals interest,' 487, 1310, 'goes matters.' n. 20, 1310.2 Enterprises joined Harlan's adding 'patent indecency' essential protected. 66 exist distinct class coalesce. suppress, civil sanctions. hardcore pornography, trying Jacobellis Ohio, 378 184, 197, 84 1676, 1683 (concurring opinion). misunderstanding, margin description, borrowed Solicitor General's brief, reference.3 See Obscenity: Developing Standards, Minn.L.Rev. 63—64. 67 arguments contrary, suppressed laws.4 universal degree concede Amendment. But, says, still Why? Because, says 'commercial exploitation,' 'pandering,' 'titillation.' exploitation'; 'pandering'; Therefore, affirm grounds, valid, deny process grounds valid. Neither makes exploitation' 'titillation' offense. terms elusively would, unconstitutionally void. developed Brethren, note 69 me, regrettable. Today assumes disapproves 'sordid business.' completeness G. P. Putnam's Sons.5 upholding enforcing choose. lose sight star adjudication, forsake Big Brother. 70 dissent. challenge venue 3237 ed.). provides pertinent part: 'Every lewd, lascivious, indecent, filthy vile article, device, substance; and— card, letter, circular, advertisement, information, directly indirectly, where, how, whom, mentioned *. 'Is conveyed office letter carrier. 'Whoever knowingly uses mailing, carriage delivery section fined $5,000 imprisoned years, both, understood approving exegesis consideration. society, children ages, psychotics, feeble-minded susceptible elements. Just pace reader's overlooked community.' 137. Butler Michigan, 352 380, 524, 412. stipulated obscene; characteristics including editorial formats, contained, digested, excerpted Thus decide articles, identified offensive, setting. concession, 13, infra, Handbook; characterizations suggested unaware established approach, afforded trial. transcript reveals points announced mode admitted irrelevant, toward end. 495—496, 1314—1315 Evidence contrary suggestion JUSTICE dissent, introduced supporting finding. Scienter prior revealed following colloquy, occurred introduce post-master Pennsylvania: COURT. Who signed letter? 'Mr. CREAMER. R. Brady, Associate Publisher Ginzburg. Incorporated's stationery. your objection is— SHAPIRO. indicted identification issue, doubtful relevance event. Anything say? Your Honor pleases, statement indicating advantageous Pennsylvania, office. intent, least, establishes disseminating Admitted.' Thus, claimed: 'Eros child times. (It) recent realistically interpreted America's breath expression. candor.' another, lavish spread: 'EROS quarterly devoted Love Sex. weeks birth, rave community—and rage prudes everywhere! it's wonder: handles candor. mazagine—which frankly avowedly enabled ruling painting, content, right published genuine undisclosed outer envelopes ads ask, 'Are few?' line eliminates ambiguity: elite?' continues: 'That happy love feeling pangs conscience? Can blushing stammering? 'If so, ought periodical called 'In short, Cupid's Chronicle. 'Though wish scandal sheet street. aimed intelligent, educated adults I'll venture you've by-weekly eagerly awaited mail.' Note infra. additional pandering. former writers goals Schwartz, Morals Offenses Model Penal Code, Col.L.Rev. 669, 677 (1963). drew distinction solicitation. proceeding (the author) physicians; widespread, indiscriminate consequently, interfere. morning Proposed Official Draft ALI Code likewise 251.4(4); Tentative (May 6, 1957), 1—3, 13—17, 45—46, 53; 12; Craig, Suppressed 195—206 175 496—497 (D.C.S.D.N.Y.1959), aff'd 433 (C.A.2d Cir. 1960); 707 1934), 182 (D.C.S.D.N.Y.1933). Trial Chatterly—Regina Penguin Ltd. (Rolph. ed. 1961). consistent scheme. referring 'obscene matter' appear deal qualities abstract, settled significant involved. supra. creates remedy, cf. 1441, (opinion Brennan, J.), readily admits interpretation, compare Photographs, etc., 156 350 (D.C.S.D.N.Y.1957). Times Co. Sullivan, 376 254, 265 266, 710, 718, 686; 150, 217, Valentine Chrestensen, 316 52, 920, 1262, viewed handbills purporting contain advertising. Jamison Texas, 318 87 869, Murdock Commonwealth 319 105, 870, 1292, integral hence Material produce arousal, advertising, dressed speech, speech. Breard Alexandria, 341 622, 1233, Martin Struthers, 141, 862, 1313. Kovacs Cooper, 336 77, 448, 93 513; Giboney Empire Storage & Ice Co., 490, 684, 834; Cox Louisiana, 379 536, 453, 471; 559, 487. advertises sells threatened inherent residual 486—487, 491—492, 1120—1121, 1123—1124, 22; behavior centrol objectives laws. pp. 13—17; Comments 251.4, supra; 677—681 (1963); Censorship—Obscenity Mail, 212—219 (1961); 962. 49, 368, 975. things proven brief (1) interest, (2) parently (3) Brennan Chief Fortas, coalesce Clark indicates, proof alone third—the utterly value—is two. states 'if predominant exceeding 'is concurred Goldberg 793, Justice, Clark, 199, 1684. Marcus Search Warrants 367 717, 81 1708, 1127; Quantity Copies Books Kansas, 205, 1723, 809; Freedman Maryland, 51, 734, 649. 412; 215; 639 Harlan, J.). arousing. Roth: '(S)ex synonymous. Obscene deals i.e., shameful excretion 487 1310 (emphasis added). quotes (ante, 468-469, 9), promised pertaining socially valuable. effect, A.B. University Miami 1951. He graduate psychology training thereapy. Thereafter, student, Doctor Divinity Chicago 1957. extensive experience counselor, lecturer, family counselor. consultant President Kennedy's Study Group Voluntary Services, board directors Mobilization Youth. 237 796, 822 Kronhausens Pornography Law (1959). comment generated demonstrates Review p. (Jan. 9, 1964); Yorker, 79—80 Library Journal, 4743—4744 (Dec. 15, 1963); Review, (Nov. 10, Time, 102—104 8, Newsweek, 98—100 (Oct. 28, Republic, 23—27 1963). Krafft-Ebing, Psychopathia Sexualis, 89 seq. (1893); Eisler, Into Wolf, (1951); Stekel, Sadism (1929) passium; Bergler, Principles Self-Damage (1959) passim; Reik, Mordern (1941) passim. summarized follows: 'Sappho Remembered' story lesbian's girl twenty 'actually nearer sixteen maturity', struggle lesbian, married childhood sweetheart. affair roommate college, resulting expulsion recounted bring jealousy angle. climax chance live lesbian. cheap calculated promote lesbianism. dealing homosexuality scientific, historical poem 'Lord Samuel Lord Montagu' homosexual Montagu British Peers warning males toilets 'sniffing round drains' Piecadilly (London). stories 'All Heaven Too,' 'Not Til End', pages 32—36, Remembered', except relate lesbians.' 772, 777, 778. judgments condemning catering wider range seem tolerate Mounce 180, 267, 187, vacating remanding 247 148 (nudist magazines); Sunshine Summerfield, 372, 365, reversing 101 U.S.App.D.C. 358, 249 114 magazine); Tralins Gerstein, 576, 1903, 1033, Fla.App., 151 So.2d (book titled 'Pleasure Was Business' depicting happenings house prostitution); Inc., 577, 1909, 1035, reversing, 537 'Tropic Cancer' Henry Miller). Union Burma, Art. 17(i), reprinted Peaslee, Constitutions Nations, 281 (2d 1956); India, 19(2), op. cit. 227; Ireland, 40(6)(1)(i), 458; Swiss Confederation, 55, III 344; Libya, 22, 438 (3d 1965); Nigeria, 25(2), 605; Zambia, 22(2), 1040—1041. prevailing clearer ramifications doctrine. shoddy pandering,' 12, indicates relies heavily settling Jersey, 467—468, 945—946). admitted, scienter, 16. asserted shows intent erroneously de minimis, 16—17, parties intent. scienter; nowhere sustain theory. Different involving assault privacy blatant obtrusive impossible unwilling exposure 1233; Public Utilities Commission Columbia Pollak, 343 451, 813, 96 1068; Griswold Connecticut, 381 1678, 510. considerations play deemed insufficiently informed choice. issues tendered accurate roth 'fashioned because, stated, 481, 1307. able 'standards.' photographs, motion picture, value, graphically acts intercourse, various sodomy sadism, sometimes participants scenes orgy-like strips drawings comic-book format grossly exaggerated fashion. pamphlets booklets, photographic illustrations, verbally describing bizarre whatsoever afford portrayals situation conceivably embodying inviolate During oral advised counsel vast prosecutions involve nature. pleas

Category: 2