Document: 356 U.S. 584 78 S.Ct. 970 2 L.Ed.2d 991 Freddie EUBANKS, Petitioner,v.STATE OF LOUISIANA. No. 550. Argued April 30 and May 1, 1958. Decided 26, Mr. Herbert J. Garon, New Orleans, La., for petitioner. M. E. Culligan, respondent. Justice BLACK delivered the opinion of Court. 1 In an unbroken line cases stretching back almost 80 years this Court has held that a criminal defendant is denied equal protection laws guaranteed by Fourteenth Amendment if he indicted grand jury or tried petit from which members his race have been excluded because their race.1 Our only concern here with application established principle to facts disclosed record now before us. The petitioner, young Negro, was all-white in Parish Louisiana, murder white woman. He moved quash indictment on ground Negroes had systematically juries parish, including returned against him. After hearing, motion overruled, tried, convicted sentenced death. Louisiana Supreme affirmed, holding no discriminatory exclusion jury, 232 La. 289, 94 So.2d 262. We granted certiorari, 355 812, 68, 30. 3 method are selected parish not controverted. A commission required select, 'impartially, citizens Orleans having qualifications requisite register as voters, names less than seven hundred fifty persons competent * serve jurors.'2 Twice each year Commissioners draw 75 group. list then submitted one six judges local court who, rotation, choose new 12 every months.3 Obviously broad discretion selecting provided Commission. State v. Dorsey, 207 928, 22 273. Several them interview substantial number prospective jurors making choice. Others, judge who chose testified they usually basis personal knowledge reputation community. Petitioner does challenge system choosing jurors, such, but contend it administered so Negro service. 4 Although comprise about one-third population uncontradicted testimony various witnesses picked duty within memory. And lone exception apparently resulted mistaken impression juror white. From 1936, when Commission first began include pool potential until 1954, petitioner indicted, 36 were parish. Six more included judges. Yet out 432 single chosen. Undisputed also proved large educated, registered vote possessed service, all emphasized fact since 1936 regularly panel. Indeed, served federal many years. 5 Patton Mississippi, 332 463, 469, 68 184, 187, 92 L.Ed. 76, declared, unanimous opinion, 'When selection plan, whatever is, operates such way always result complete long-continued any representative at group Negroes, other racial group, indictments verdicts thus cannot stand.' This essentially situation here. True, serving generally discriminated juries, pick best available jurors. But Chief Hughes said Norris Alabama, 294 587, 598, 55 579, 584, 79 1074, 'If, presence adduced, mere general assertions officials performance be accepted adequate justification negroes (Equal Protection Clause) adopted special reference protection—would vain illustory requirement.' Compare Reece Georgia, 350 85, 88, 76 167, 169, 100 77; Hernandez Texas, 347 475, 481, 74 667, 671, 98 866. particularly true where several never even interviewed reluctantly forced conclude uniform shown attributed chance, accident, sufficiently qualified ever lists It seems clear us consistently barred service race. 6 may well be, recently stated, 'the community throughout controlled tradition thinking whole under influence tradition.'4 justify failure comply constitutional mandate requiring laws. 7 'A prisoner whose conviction reversed need go free guilty, (the State) indict try him again procedure conforms requirements.5 liberty impose upon charged crime discrimination its trial Constitution, Act Congress passed pursuant alike forbid. Nor grant withhold benefits protection, Constitution commands all, merely we deem innocent guilty.' Hill 316 400, 406, 62 1159, 1162, 86 1559. 8 judgment cause remanded further proceedings inconsistent opinion. 9 ordered. 10 Reversed directions. Strauder West Virginia, 303, 25 664; Neal Delaware, 103 370, 26 567; Gibson 162 565, 16 904, 40 1075; Carter 177 442, 20 687, 44 839; Rogers 192 226, 24 257, 48 417; Martin 200 316, 338, 50 497; 1074; Hale Commonwealth Kentucky, 303 613, 58 753, 82 1050; Pierre 306 354, 59 536, 83 757; Smith 311 128, 61 164, 85 84; 1559; Akins 325 398, 65 1276, 89 1692; 76; Cassell 339 282, 70 629, 866; 77. LSA—Rev.Stat.1950, Tit. 15, § 194. Id., 196. Dowels, Crim. Dist. Ct. 139—324, Oct. 1952 (unreported opinion). case quashed intentionally juries. 'Our vulnerable theory United States 'that chance accident alone can hardly explain continuous omission over long period time' five last four years, courts, shows notwithstanding courts select regardless selects how often what time continue consistent, constant same. 'While conscious fallibility, firm States, would support ruling except quashing herein intentional systematic color violation Amendment, inclusive case, differentiated pattern eliminated colored juries.' So far appears instance annulled discrimination. For example 757, Negro's discriminatorily On remand another composed part impaneled indictment. Negro. See Pierre, 198 619, 895.

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