Document: 523 U.S. 371118 S.Ct. 1352140 L.Ed.2d 529 Angel Francisco BREARDv.Fred W. GREENE, Warden.THE REPUBLIC OF PARAGUAY et al.v.James S. GILMORE, Governor of Virginia, al.In re ANGEL FRANCISCO BREARD.REPUBLIC III, al. Nos. 97-8214 (A-732), 97-1390 (A-738), 97-8660 (A-767) and 125, Orig. (A-771). Supreme Court the United States April 14, 1998. PER CURIAM. 1 Breard is scheduled to be executed by Commonwealth Virginia this evening at 9:00 p.m. Breard, a citizen Paraguay, came in 1986, age 20. In 1992, was charged with attempted rape capital murder Ruth Dickie. At his trial 1993, State presented overwhelming evidence guilt, including semen found on Dickie's body matching Breard's DNA profile hairs identical all microscopic characteristics hair samples taken from Breard. chose take witness stand defense. During testimony, confessed killing Dickie, but explained that he had only done so because Satanic curse placed him father-in-law. Following jury Circuit Arlington County, convicted both charges sentenced death. On appeal, affirmed convictions sentences, v. Commonwealth, 248 Va. 68, 445 S.E.2d 670 (1994), we denied certiorari, 513 971, 115 442, 130 353 (1994). collateral relief subsequently as well. 2 then filed motion for habeas under 28 U.S.C. §2254 Federal District August 20, 1996. motion, argued first time conviction sentence should overturned alleged violations Vienna Convention Consular Relations (Vienna Convention), 24, 1963, [1970] 21 U.S.T. 77, T.I.A.S. No. 6820, arrest. Specifically, violated when arresting authorities failed inform that, foreign national, right contact Paraguayan Consulate. The rejected claim, concluding procedurally defaulted claim raise it state court could not demonstrate cause prejudice default. Netherland, 949 F.Supp. 1255, 1266 (E.D.Va.1996). Fourth affirmed. Pruett, 134 F.3d 615, 620 (1998). has petitioned writ certiorari. 3 September 1996, Republic Ambassador Paraguay States, Consul General (collectively Paraguay) brought suit against certain officials, alleging their separate rights been Commonwealth's failure treaty consulate arrest, conviction, sentence. addition, asserted parallel 42 §1983, denial Convention. concluded lacked subject-matter jurisdiction over these suits "continuing violation federal law'' therefore bring its claims within exception Eleventh Amendment immunity established Ex parte Young, 209 123, 441, 52 L.Ed. 714 (1908). Allen, 1269, 1272-1273 grounds. 622 also 4 3, 1998, nearly five years after became final, instituted proceedings International Justice (ICJ), 9, ICJ noted issued an order requesting "take measures disposal ensure pending final decision . '' set briefing schedule matter, oral argument likely held November. petition original corpus stay application "enforce'' ICJ's order. leave file bill complaint Court, citing Court's cases "affecting Ambassadors Consuls.'' Const., Art. §2. 5 It clear if any, failing courts. Nevertheless, petitions contend may heard "supreme law land'' thus trumps procedural default doctrine. Pet. Cert. 97-8214, pp. 15-18; 97-1390, p. n. 8. This plainly incorrect two reasons. 6 First, while give respectful consideration interpretation international rendered interpret such, recognized absent express statement contrary, rules forum govern implementation State. See Sun Oil Co. Wortman, 486 717, 723, 108 2117, 2122, 100 743 (1988); Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft Schlunk, 694, 700, 2104, 2108-2109, 722 Societe Nationale Industrielle Aerospatiale Dist. Southern Iowa, 482 522, 539, 107 2542, 2553, 96 461 (1987). proposition embodied itself, which provides expressed "shall exercised conformity laws regulations receiving State,'' provided "said must enable full effect given purposes accorded Article are intended.'' 36(2), T., 101. rule country assertions error criminal raised form basis habeas. Wainwright Sykes, 433 72, 97 2497, 53 594 (1977). Claims considered defaulted. Ibid. By asserting court, exercise Virginia. Having do so, cannot those now review. 7 Second, although treaties our Constitution supreme land, status no less true provisions apply. We have "that Act Congress parity treaty, statute subsequent inconsistent extent conflict renders null.'' Reid Covert, 354 1, 18, 77 1222, 1231, 1148 (1957) (plurality opinion); see Whitney Robertson, 124 190, 194, 8 456, 458, 190 (1888) (holding conflict, "the one last date will control other''). Convention-which arguably confers individual consular assistance following arrest-has continuously since 1969. But before raising Convention, enacted Antiterrorism Effective Death Penalty (AEDPA), petitioner "treaties States'' will, general rule, afforded evidentiary hearing "has develop factual [the] proceedings.'' U.S.C.A. §2254(a), (e)(2) (Supp. 1998). ability obtain based subject subsequently-enacted just any arising would be. prevents establishing prejudiced him. Without hearing, establish how advised him, advice attorneys differed provided, what factors electing reject plea bargain offered That limitation, argues, justified were novel discovered them earlier. Assuming true, such barred review Teague Lane, 489 288, 109 1060, 103 334 (1989). Even properly proven, extremely doubtful result overturning judgment without some showing trial. Arizona Fulminante, 499 279, 111 1246, 113 302 (1991). case, even made. decided plead guilty testify own contrary attorneys, who far better able explain legal system than official been. prejudice-that followed, accepted State's offer forgo death penalty return guilty-is more speculative courts routinely inmate alleges infected attorney error. See, e.g., Hill Lockhart, 474 52, 59, 106 366, 370, 88 203 (1985). 9 As Paraguay's (both action case coming us certiorari), neither text nor history clearly nation private States' aside notification provisions. reason why might succeed. Amendment's "fundamental principle'' absence consent, immune State'' enunciated Principality Monaco Mississippi, 292 313, 329-330, 54 745, 750-751, 78 1282 (1934). Though exemption dealing continuing consequences past rights, Milliken Bradley, 267, 2749, 745 (1977), agree. notify occurred long ago effect. causal link present case. 10 Insofar seeks base cognizable. Section 1983 "person jurisdiction'' deprivation "of privileges, or immunities secured laws.'' initial authorized §1983. "person'' term used Moor Alameda 411 693, 699, 93 1785, 1790, 36 596 (1973); South Carolina Katzenbach, 383 301, 323-324, 86 803, 815-816, 15 769 (1966); cf. Will Michigan Dept. Police, 491 58, 2304, 105 45 Nor "within States. And acting capacity, greater proceed §1983 does represents. Any virtue exist benefit individual. 11 unfortunate matter comes Nonetheless, decide questions law. Executive Branch, other hand, exercising authority relations may, did, utilize diplomatic discussion Paraguay. Last night Secretary sent letter execution. If wishes wait ICJ, prerogative. nothing existing allows make choice 12 For foregoing reasons, deny corpus, complaint, accompanying applications 13 Statement SOUTER. 14 I agree lack reasonably arguable connection between disentitle theory offered. Moreover, substantial doubts either meaning enforceable judicial proceeding underway. believe requests denied, mooted. Accordingly, voted respective certiorari (Nos. 97-8214), (No. 125 Orig.), 97-8660), associated STEVENS, dissenting. 16 Appeals' denying petitioner's February Under Rules, timely late May 19, Rule 13.1 (" [A] civil criminal, entered appeals Clerk 90 days entry judgment''). Ordinary pursuant Rules additional thereafter consider merits light response have, however, deprived normal deliberation execution today. There compelling refusing follow procedures adopted orderly disposition noncapital cases. Indeed, aspects provide adhering procedures. grant stay, respectfully dissent act hastily rather appropriate character. 17 BREYER, 18 my view, several issues here sufficient difficulty warrant speedy consideration. example, novelty create "cause'' having 20-22. He add nature accept it, "watershed procedure,'' overcome bar otherwise posed 311, 1075-1076, additionally says Solicitor describes Virginia's "prejudiced'' isolating critical moment Officials try avoid pleading guilty. 22; Brief Amicus Curiae [T]he Branch conceded violated''). say, examining record fully, arguments obviously merit. am willing fuller positions majority sometimes difficult addresses. 19 same time, advantage short available. More mean argument, perhaps, potential relevance forum. 20 Finally, STEVENS points out, pursuing leaves ordinary Like can find special truncate period reasons together requested course. 22 GINSBURG, 23 course instant petition, corpus.

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