Document: 404 U.S. 28 92 S.Ct. 175 30 L.Ed.2d 209 Edwin James DOHERTYv.UNITED STATES. No. 71—5679. Nov. 9, 1971. PER CURIAM. 1 Applicant Doherty was convicted in federal court of smuggling marihuana. The Court Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed, 441 F.2d 1168. Doherty's retained counsel, who had represented him both at trial and on appeal, withdrew after appellate decision because without funds to pay legal services. Without opinion denied pro se motion appointment counsel assist preparing a petition writ certiorari. has now filed this seeking that purpose. We treat as certiorari review Appeals' order denying appointment. 2 rule appointed indigent appellants must, adverse Appeals, inform his client right seek and, if so desires, prepare certiorari.* In apparently determined its no help Doherty, whose been rather than appointed. defer court's construction own rule. However, it is not clear also considered light provisions Criminal Justice Act 1964 insofar they may be relevant prisoner's have counsel's Court. 18 U.S.C. §§ 3006A(c), 3006A(d)(6), 3006A(g). See H.R.Rep.No.1709, 88th Cong., 2d Sess., 7 (1964); U.S.Code Cong. & Admin.News 1964, p. 2990; Report Proceedings Special Session Judicial Conference United States, 36 F.R.D. 282, 291 (1965); Fed.Rule Crim.Proc. 44(a). give further consideration request leave proceed forma pauperis granted, judgment affirming conviction are vacated, case remanded proceedings consistent with opinion, including re-entry affirmance appropriate reconsideration counsel. 3 So ordered. 4 Vacated remanded. 5 Mr. DOUGLAS, concurring. 6 While concurring completely Court's per curiam, I believe additional detail clarifying applicability 44 Act1 these circumstances warranted inasmuch all circuits' rules implementing latter susceptible replications result reached below.2 Rule each establish policy providing every accused stage defense from arraignment through direct by Court, petitioning * 8 June 29, 1940, 54 Stat. 688,3 authorized Supreme prescribe uniform criminal procedures courts prior verdict. By an December 26, 1944 (323 821), such were adopted, thereafter transmitted Congress, became effective March 21, 1946. These contained forerunner present 44, which provided: 9 'Assignment Counsel. If defendant appears shall advise assign represent proceeding unless he elects or able obtain counsel.' 10 This procedure embodied our holding Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 458, 58 1019, 82 L.Ed. 1461 (1938), defendants under Sixth Amendment free during trial. Until 352 565, 77 550, 593 (1957), unclear whether extended assistance appeals convictions arising courts. any event last decade sweep decisions involving appeal required revision make 'every proceedings' did, fact, include appeals.4 Thus, revised since 1966 reads: 11 'Every unable entitled assigned initial appearance before commissioner waives appointment.' 12 Whether 'appeal' includes addressed Advisory Committee's Note until academic question implementation uniformly adopted routinely extend duty preparation petitions desired their clients. Because traditionally those indigents only gap coverage would arise where, here, made decided indigent's appeal. 13 It significant language amended does 'appeals' restrict 'courts appeals.' Moreover, qualification 'first appeal' present. Additionally, extent suggested reading sheds thinking, refers law article argues mandatory appointments stages process,5 That obvious disposition ambiguity. II 14 An independent source statutory continuous representation process 1964. As provides automatic prosecutions originating District Courts therefrom. Unlike authorizes discretionary 'interests justice' pauper 'subject revocation parole, custody material witness, relief section 2241, 2254, 2255 title 4245 18.'6 § Another important difference between former disbursement reimburse court-appointed lawyers.7 Financial Bar become increasingly necessary expanded indigents' rights 15 clearest statement Act's blanket found first sentence subsection (c): 16 'A person whom States magistrate ancillary matters.' 3006A(c). 17 ambiguous phrase 'through appeal,' clarified 1970 amendment another section. 3006A(d)(6) provides: 'If certiorari, do prepayment fees costs security therefor filing affidavit 1915(a) 28.' 84 918.8 (Emphasis added.) 19 Most original congressional hearings floor debates concern wisdom public defender services contrast more conventional system rotating among Bar. No discussion directed precise involved here. Nonetheless, there several indicia 'appeal,' used intended 20 Different versions Act—all based upon Attorney General's Committee Poverty Administration Federal report 1963—were passed Houses Congress. A conference committee ironed out differences House members afterwards reported concerning 21 'Implied Senate version, expressed proceeding; i.e., commissioner, district court, appeals, Court.' H.R.Rep. 1709, Admin. News 3003 (emphasis added). 22 At least two exchanges explicit within coverage.9 23 Conference's Implement submitted 1965 interim recommendation that: 24 '(C)ounsel should initiate file petition, requested defendant.' Act, 285, (1965).10 25 mentioned earlier, circuit conferences. 26 And implement participation cases where we grant note probable jurisdiction. 53(8). 27 Other indicators intent study. One recommendations lawyer incentives subsequent 'any proceedings.' Hearings S. 1057 Judiciary, 1st 183, 205 (1963). Presumably purpose excise step prepared avoided substituted instead 'proceedings Appeals.' study group recommended cover probation parole hearings, suggestion accepted legislature. Id., 210, 3006A(a). difficult ascribe Congress paupers matters but withhold when meant available merits. cannot seriously urged against backdrop, lawyerless relatively infrequent impecunious petitioners adversely claims. situations one, judicial function resolve underlying purposes measure. 29 Since applicant aid remains Given existing apparatus appointing improverished appellants, seem little burden them applications one. Also, local facilitate swift filings etitions time limits prescribed 22(2). conclusion requests lie elsewhere. Boskey, Right Counsel Appellate Proceedings, 45 Minn.L.Rev. 783 (1961). join remanding reconsider application. agree enter new decree papers run anew. 'Following unsuccessful, defendant, petition. desire Clerk effect, signed defendant. refuses sign, state.' Rules Circuit, App. 4(c). Aug. 20, Pub.L.No.88—455, 78 552. Oct. 14, 1970, Pub.L.No.91—447, 916, codified 3006A. 438 1279 then rejected similar interpretation analogous Beasley 70—5146, O.T., 1971 (motion rehearing denial 866, 124, 110). All circuits draft proposal discussed infra. plans reproduced 1A West's Forms, 488 (B. Boskey ed. 1969). 3771. 1934 verdict guilty entered. Mar. 8, 1934, 48 399, amending Feb. 24, 1933, 47 904, amended, 3772. early did address issue convictions. 292 659. Together Acts provide rulemaking authority over procedural aspects rpocess. Two preliminary drafts proposed amendments Practice Procedure Conference. first, 1962, expressly Preliminary Draft Proposed Amendments (Dec.1962). second text issued Second (Mar. 1964). Once 3006A(g) collateral matters, automatically (as review) appeals. See, example, Fifth Plan Under 7(I)(4) (III)(4), U.S.C.A. (Supp.1972). 3006A(d). provision added 916. sponsors bill Congressman Moore, replied response ceilings total single attorney could paid 'May answer saying $500 limitation applies, represents Commissioner way Court—$500 compensation allowed.' 110 Cong.Rec. 446. id., 450 (remarks Congs. Moore Kastenmeier). reaffirmed September 22—23, 1965, meeting Sept. 75.

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