Document: 462 U.S. 640 103 S.Ct. 2605 77 L.Ed.2d 65 ILLINOIS, Petitionerv.Ralph LAFAYETTE. No. 81-1859. Argued April 20, 1983. Decided June Syllabus After respondent was arrested for disturbing the peace, he taken to police station. There, without obtaining a warrant and in process of booking him inventorying his possessions, removed contents shoulder bag had been carrying found amphetamine pills. Respondent subsequently charged with violating Illinois Controlled Substances Act, at pretrial hearing trial court ordered suppression The Appellate Court affirmed, holding that search did not constitute valid incident lawful arrest or inventory respondent's belongings. Held: search. Pp. 643-648. (a) Consistent Fourth Amendment, it is reasonable personal effects person under as part routine administrative procedure station jailing suspect. justification such searches does rest on probable cause, hence absence immaterial reasonableness Here, every consideration orderly administration—protection suspect's property, deterrence false claims theft against police, security, identification suspect—benefiting both public points toward appropriateness examination bag. 643-647. (b) fact protection property might have achieved by less intrusive means not, itself, render unreasonable. Even if some existed, would be unreasonable expect officers everyday course business make fine subtle distinctions deciding which containers items may searched, must sealed unit. 647-648. 99 Ill.App.3d 830, 55 Ill.Dec. 210, 425 N.E.2d 1383, reversed remanded. Michael A. Ficaro, Chicago, Ill., petitioner. Peter Carusona, Ottawa, respondent. Chief Justice BURGER delivered opinion Court. 1 question presented whether, time an arrives station, may, warrant, carried person. 2 * On September 1, 1980, about 10 p.m., Officer Maurice Mietzner Kankakee City Police arrived Town Cinema Kankakee, Illinois, response call disturbance. There involved altercation theatre manager. He handcuffed him, took purse-type trip 3 At room; there, handcuffs from empty pockets place counter. doing so, espondent package cigarettes placed then bag, ten pills inside cigarette case package. 4 Section 402(b) Ill.Rev.Stat., ch. 561/2, ¶ 1402(b), basis controlled substances A held State argued South Dakota v. Opperman, 428 364, 96 3092, 49 1000 (1976). testified examined bag's because standard "everything" possession App. 15, 16. seeking find drugs weapons when searched conceded small enough could container locker protective purposes. Id., 15. hearing, but before any ruling, submitted brief first delayed arrest. Thereafter, 22. 5 appeal, affirmed. 1383 (3d Dist.1981). It waived argument failing raise hearing. 832, Ill.Dec., 212, N.E.2d, 1385. However, went discuss reject State's argument: "[E]ven assuming, arguendo, has this argument, stationhouse arrest." 833, 6 also purported distinguish supra, there greater privacy interest than automobile, legitimate interests met manner, "sealing [the bag] within plastic box placing secured locker." Ill.App.3d, 834-835, 213, 1386. concluded: 7 "Therefore, postponed warrantless [respondent's] neither nor belongings, thus, violated fourth amendment." 835, 8 Supreme denied discretionary review. Pet. Cert. B-1. We granted certiorari, --- ----, 339, 75 381 (1982), frequency confronts courts, we reverse. II 9 here consistent Indeed, previously established constitutes well-defined exception requirement. See supra. rely United States Chadwick, 433 97 2476, 53 538 (1977), Arkansa Sanders, 442 753, 2586, 61 235 (1979); former, noted "probable cause irrelevant" state: "This so salutary functions simply no application context; constitutional determined other bases." U.S., n. 5, S.Ct., 2483 5.1 11 so-called independent legal concept rather incidental step following preceding incarceration. To determine whether "balanc[e] its intrusion individual's Amendment promotion governmental interests." Delaware Prouse, 440 648, 654, 1391, 1396, 59 660 (1979). 12 In order see proper perspective, necessary study evolution along continuum immediately upon officer lawfully arrestee, Robinson, 414 218, 94 467, 38 427 (1973); area arrestee's immediate control, Chimel California, 395 752, 89 2034, 23 685 (1969). explained doctrine where said: 13 "A officer's determination how suspect whom necessarily quick ad hoc judgment require broken down each instance into analysis authority custodial arrest, while based need disarm discover evidence, depend what later decide probability particular situation evidence Amendment; being lawful, requires additional justification. establishes search, hold full only requirement 'reasonable' Amendment." 235, 477 (emphasis added). 14 An invariably confined; arrestee more continuation custody inherent status. Nonetheless, factors justifying reaching prior confinement are somewhat different 15 underlying possessions circumstances even those supporting Consequently, scope will often vary made conduct impractical unreasonable—or embarrassingly intrusive—on street can readily—and privately—be performed For example, hardly justify disrobing street, practical necessities jail administration taking prisoner's clothes confining although rare. This clear Edwards, 415 804, 1237-1238: "With authorities were entitled [at stationhouse] arrestee's] clothing take keep official custody."2 16 stationhouse, entirely remove list who jailed. range support process. unheard persons employed activities steal persons; similarly, known regarding their stationhouse. standardized making soon after deters inhibits careless handling articles Arrested injure themselves—or others—with belts, knives, detained. Dangerous instrumentalities razor blades, bombs, weapons—can concealed innocent-looking possession. bare recital these mundane realities justifies measures limit risks—either they returned release. Examining all listing them procedure. actually fear container; protect risks arises subjective concerns. 476-477. Finally, inspection assist ascertaining verifying identity. W. LaFave, Search Seizure § 5.3, 306-307 (1978). short, benefiting 17 Our cases amply conclusion. upheld glove compartment abandoned automobile impounded police. served outweighed car. Those protected owner's possible theft. consider existence protecting custody—such locking car impounding safe storage guard. Similarly, procedures appropriate serve stake here. 18 "preservation defendant's clai lost stolen 'could manner.' . easily sealing 1386 (citation omitted). Perhaps real "could achieved," steps; our function write manual administering routine, neutral role assure violations Constitution. 19 activity turn alternative "less intrusive" means. Cady Dombrowski, 413 433, 93 2523, 37 706 (1973), trunk revolver suspected there. rejected contention equally well posting guard over automobile. language applicable case, held, "[t]he might, abstract, accomplished 'less intrusive' unreasonable." 447, 2531. Martinez-Fuerte, 543, 557 12, 3074, 3082 1116 position second-guess departments method best deter employees preserve security evident item important involved. 20 existed types Only recently New York Belton, 453 454, 101 2860, 69 768 (1981), stated: " '[a] single familiar essential guide officers, limited expertise reflect balance social individual specific confront.' 458-460, 2863-2864, quoting Dunaway York, 200, 213-214, 2248, 2257-2258, 60 824 Ross, 456 798, 821, 102 2157, 2170, 72 572 (1982). 21 Applying principles, "unreasonable" incarcerating person, article possession, accordance procedures.3 22 remanded proceedings inconsistent opinion. ordered. 24 MARSHALL, BRENNAN joins, concurring judgment. 25 I agree do suspect, therefore concur securing jailhouse setting 26 very relied solely justified prevent destruction evidence. 251, 484, (1973) (MARSHALL, J., dissenting); 763, 2040, (1969); Rabinowitz, 339 56, 72, 70 430, 437, L.Ed. 653 (1950) (Frankfurter, dissenting). deem respondent, seriously doubt lawful. fruits offense peace—of suspected. Moreover, concern seizure further searching seizure. Cf. 2485, (1977); id., 2, 2486 (BRENNAN, concurring). 800, 1234, 39 771 (1974). addressed Cooper 386 58, 87 788, 730 (1967), sustained occurred week owner arrested. manner: "It answer say obtained test be, procure itself reasonable, was." 807, 1239 addressing here, strip appropriate. record unclear incarcerated booked peace. That inquiry remand.

Category: 0