Document: 351 U.S. 266 76 S.Ct. 794 100 L.Ed. 1162 UNITED AUTOMOBILE, AIRCRAFT AND AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS OF AMERICA, affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations, UAW CIO, Appellant,v.WISCONSIN EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS BOARD and Kohler Co., a Wisconsin Corporation. No. 530. Argued April 24, 25, 1956. Decided June 4, Mr.Kurt L. Hanslowe, Detroit, Mich., for appellant. Mrs. Beatrice Lampert, Madison, Wis., appellee Employment Relations Board. Mr. Jerome Powell, Washington, D.C., Co. Justice REED delivered opinion Court. 1 This case, as stated in brief United Automobile, Aircraft Agricultural Implement Workers America, presents question whether or not State may enjoin through its labor statute, Peace Act, St.1953, § 111.01 et seq., union conduct kind which be an unfair practice under National Labor amended, 29 U.S.C.A. 151 seq.1 2 Appellant concedes that punish violence arising relation controversies generall applicable criminal statutes. It does admit deny charged violence. The considers coercion immaterial this case. Its position is exercise police power agency concerned only relations. argument Board will use to stop force order further state policy, thus creating conflict federal policy developed by argues has no jurisdiction alleged act because such would Act. 3 controversy arose out failure appellant Company reach accord concerning new collective-bargaining agreement. As parties were unable agree, Kohler's production workers struck picketed premises company. Ten days later filed complaint charging others committing practices within meaning Act.2 was appellant's members had engaged mass picketing, thereby obstructing ingress egress from plant; interfered free uninterrupted public ways; prevented persons desiring employed entering coerced employees who desired work, threatened them their families physical injury. found allegations true issued directed certain cease all activities. appears below.3 Without change substance it enforced Circuit Court, Supreme Court affirmed judgment. 269 Wis. 578, 70 N.W.2d 191. appeal raised important federalism, we noted probable jurisdiction. 350 957, 347.4 4 subject seems agreed, think correctly view findings fact, coercing rights violation 8(b)(1) Act.5 Since there Act protect against organizations assuring right refrain concerted activities, might have similar Board.6 provisions cover relations Company. v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., 301 1, 31, 57 615, 621, 81 893. These assumed include strikers but also other seeking employment plant.7 5 By virtue Commerce Clause, art. 8, cl. 3, regulate affecting interstate commerce, are here involved. If congressional enactment occupies field, control Supremacy 6, 2, supersedes or, current phrase, preempts power. Kelly 302 9, 58 87, 91, 82 3. In 1935 10(a), empowered prevent practices. 10(a) made 'exclusive.' 49 Stat. 449, 453, 160. Taft-Hartley amendments 1947, word 'exclusive' omitted 'shall affected any means adjustment prevention been established agreement, code, law, otherwise', re-enacted without significant change. omission explained Conference Report.8 6 Yet Wagner ruled Wisconsin, same could Allen-Bradley Local 1111, Electrical Radio Machine America Board, 315 740, 62 820, 86 1154. At time, however, provision enjoining With passage recognized unions commit detriment employees, prohibited among practices, wish striking. See note 5, supra. urges amendment eliminated State's activities now consideration 7 obvious 8[b][1] exclusive method controlling even much less interfering approaching area where strike progress.9 No one suggests beyond regulatory pervasiveness. interest law precludes interpretation. Senator Taft prohibition allow action.10 8 references 'to general coercion, statutes.' But cannot correct since leading case dealing well known Congress.11 fact Management covered first time make obsolete. Orders originate boards become effective judiciary should give more careful protection than purely judicial orders court. 9 There reason re-examine opinions dealt problems involving federal-state justisdiction over industrial controversies. They adequately summarized Weber Anheuser-Busch, Inc., 348 468, 474—477, 75 480, 484—486, 99 546. matter held not, furtherance 'which 'unfair practice' Id., at page 475, 485, cases cited. our post-Taft-Hartley clear rule take States violance, overt threats violence.12 dominant preventing property damage questioned. genuine local concern. Nor commits while engaging violent taking steps conclusion explicit cited 12. 10 natural guardians communities suffer most fear loss occasioned destruction. We interpret leave powerless avert emergencies compelling directions effect. 11 hold chosen entrust board concern Court.13 12 Affirmed. 13 DOUGLAS, whom CHIEF JUSTICE andMr. BLACK concur, dissenting. 14 instances sustained identical regulations both Federal Government. People California Zook, 336 725, 69 841, 93 1005, example. few far between. 15 Of course, Government act, each different sanction, often survive. Construction Workers, Mine Laburnum Const. 347 656, 74 833, 1025, recent allowed common-law tort action damages court acts basis administrative relief present Here prescribed remedy duplicates Congress. Each reaches conduct. disallowed duplication Garner Teamsters, etc., Union, 346 161, 98 228. proceeding And see Today depart before board. sanction precise remedies pregnant potentialities clashes conflicts.* 16 course arrests invoke hilt. transgress when they agencies courts authorized enjoin. retreat open door unseemly conflicts between sustain what done here. presented narrowed another paragraph apply instances, here, asserted employer-union relationship. proceedings plea employer state-enjoined constitutes defense charge after passed upon pending complaint. disposition appeal, do consider these narrower issues material. Statutes 1953, c. 111, p. 1903. 111.04, 1905: '111.04 Rights employes. Employes shall self-organization form, join assist organizations, bargain collectively representatives own choosing, engage lawful, purpose collective bargaining mutual aid protection; employes activities.' 111.06(2), 1907: '(2) employe individually concert others: '(a) To coerce intimidate enjoyment his legal rights, including those guaranteed section family, picket domicile, injure person family. '(f) hinder prevent, threats, intimidation, pursuit lawful work employment, obstruct interfere entrance place roads, streets, highways, railways, airports, ways travel conveyance.' 111.07, 1908: '111.07 Prevention (1) Any submitted manner effect provided subchapter, nothing herein equitable competent jurisdiction.' ordered Respondent Unions, officers, agents immediately desist '1. Coercing intimidating picketing injuring employe. '2. Hindering desirous being '3. Obstructing way '4. railways private drives 'It following affirmative action: Limit number pickets around total 200, 25 entrance. Such march single file times maintain space least 20 feet width pass on either foot conveyance freely enter interference.' received considerable attention years. A collection available articles Note, 53 Mich.L.Rev. 602. Further Comments Federalism, 54 540; Isaacson, Law: versus Jurisdiction, 42 A.B.A.J. 415. 'Sec. 8. * '(b) organization agents— '(1) restrain (A) *.' 61 136, 141, 158(b)(1). 7. Employees self-organization, join, protection, 140, 157. Cf. Matter #1150, Electrical, 84 N.L.R.B. 972; Perry Norvell 80 225; District 96 1389. Phelps Dodge Corp. 313 177, 182, 845, 846, 85 1271; First. Hearst Publications, 322 120, I, 64 851, 855, 88 1170. H.R.Rep. 510, 80th Cong., 1st Sess. 52: Conf. House bill existing language providing Board's deal prevention, retained makes exclusive. Senate amendment, authorizing temporary injunctions making suable, giving provides prevention. conference agreement adopts amendment. retaining powers adjustment, that, two exist, courts, saddition to, lieu of, remedies.' Affiliated 666—669, 838—840, recovery, clear. Cong.Rec. 4437: 'The Oregon ago said proposed legislation result some laws. duplicate laws extent, I it, actual involved threat operation. 'Mr. President, say arguments suggested duplicated law. point agreed committee covering part extent Secondary boycotts, jurisdictional strikes, so forth, involve respecting criminal, measure duplicating my opinion, valid argument.' 4024; S.Rep. 105, 50. said: employee activity forbidden threatening injury damage, company's factory, streets roads surrounding homes employees. So fourteen individuals concerned, status company affected. 'We agree statement amicus curiae designed prclude enacting limited regulation type activity. Committee Reports plainly indicate 'a mere measure' authority several exerted Furthermore, long insisted 'intention exclude exerting must clearly manifested'. Board.' 748—749, 825. 477, 482, 486, 488; 1025; 488, 164, 228; International Union Auto, Agr. C.I.O. O'Brien, 339 454, 459, 781, 783, 94 978; U.A.W., A.F. 232 245, 253, 516, 521, 651. Hughes Superior 460, 467, 718, 722, 985; Brotherhood Chauffeurs, Warehousemen Helpers 309 Hanke, 470, 479, 773, 778, 995. 1154,

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