Document: 365 U.S. 695 81 S.Ct. 849 6 L.Ed.2d 29 NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD, Petitioner,v.NEWS SYNDICATE COMPANY, Inc., et al. No. 339. Argued March 1, 1961. Decided April 17, Mr. Dominick L. Manoli, Washington, D.C., for petitioner. John R. Schoemer, Jr., New York City, respondent News Syndicate Co., Inc. Gerhard P. Van Arkel, Mailers' Union 6, International Typographical AFL-CIO. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of Court. 1 Respondent union, affiliated with Union, entered into collective bargaining agreements various publishers, including (and Dow Jones & Co.), which contained a provision that 'the General Laws * not in conflict this contract or federal state law shall govern relations between parties on conditions specifically enumerated herein.' The limited mail-room employment to 'journeymen and apprentices.' also provided superintendents, foremen, assistant foremen must be members union would do hiring. ITU 'foremen journeymen' should 'active members' only operate, maintain, service any mailing machinery equipment, no person eligible as 'learner' who is member. 2 Another stated, however, 'The discipline Foreman carrying out instructions Publisher his representatives accordance agreement.' It 'shall appointed may removed by Publisher.' 3 foreman at one plant was member Board found he discriminated favor men against nonunion employee named Julius Arrigale. another Burton Randall. concluded had violated § 8(b)(1)(A) (2) 8(a)(1) (3) National Labor Relations Act, amended Taft-Hartley 61 Stat. 136, 140—141, amended, U.S.C., 158, U.S.C.A. respectively, their arrangements operating an unlawful closed shop preferential hiring system.1 held vesting control over delegation exclusive without requisite safeguards prescribed Mountain Pacific Chapter, 119 N.L.R.B. 883. order provisions direction all employees mail-rooms reimbursed dues assessments paid period beginning six months before charges it; duty made, so far concerns news mail-room, joint several liability Syndicate. 122 818. 4 petitioned Court Appeals enforcement order. That court finding discrimination Randall part supported record; it refused Board's order, allowing Board, if wished, enter directed instance record show. 279 F.2d 323. case here petition writ certiorari we granted along 340, etc. v. 705, 855, 36, because them, 364 877, 878, 166, 5 100, 101. What have day decided Local 60, United Brotherhood Carpenters, 651, 875, dispositive requiring respondents reimburse assessments. We believe right concluding its face even though foremen—who are members—do In first place, (unlike Laws) does require journeymen apprentices members. second set forth make 'solely employers' agents,' concluded.2 page 330. Finally, said 357, Teamsters, 667, 835, 11, will assume unions employers violate law, favoring clear command Act Congress. As stated Appeals, 'In absence calling explicitly illegal conduct, cannot failed affirmatively disclaim objectives.' 7 agree per se unlawful. For has condition those incorporated 'not law.' Any rule regulation permitted required would, therefore, excluded from incorporation since war Act. can say Judge Prettyman Honolulu Star-Bulletin 107 U.S.App.D.C. 58, 61, 274 567, 570 while words law' might some circumstances puzzling uncertain meaning, 'there could hardly uncertainty respecting closed-shop clause.' 8 explicit exception plainly spelled provisos 8(a)(3). Whether practice maintained enforced raises distinct question. 9 comes down method became journeymen. One either take apprentice training program pass competency examination. Apprentices were hired foremen; but there discriminatory practices actual apprentices. If followed examination route, given 'by impartial examiners qualified judge journeyman selected hereto.' officials foremen. 10 proposed agreed 1956 put class 'regular substitute' extras prior two years earned 15 vacation credits, way describing averaged about three days' work week. Those day-to-day basis ('shaped work') included 60 men. Of these, 31 invited They passed, made substitutes,' subsequently Thereafter each new substitutes' Randall, 'shaped' longer than many them. appears, full-time outside jobs kept him 'shaping' regularly.3 Arrigale nonjourneyman shaped up Wall Street Journal, essentially same setup News. asserted occurred when 'outside card-men' preference Arrigale, although steadily oldest extra. testified took sure competency, they taken test served There evidence membership test, save fact did become 11 Respondents, contend accord priority hire regularly employer status) system based legitimate qualifications. concluded: 12 'We find dearth ever been (let alone, preference) journeyman, qualifying standards taking discriminatory. barren slightest hint conduct examinations. Availability, dependability regularity service, well mere valid nondiscriminatory considerations determining hire. applicant competent another, mean other properly preferred And achieving status indicated willingness adoption standard, indicate, least record, seemingly fair, effect. admitted welcomed opportunity member, aught appears remaining meet established standard. 13 conclude warrant general, particular, applicants, encouraged membership.' pages 333—334. 14 This disposed Arrigale's complaint Randall's loss night's sustained Board. drew contrary inferences. But now seriously challenge foregoing Appeals. Rather, main reliance long history ITU's use shop, members, obscurity conflict' clause agreement. think reversal facts within scope review entrusted it. See Universal Camera Corp. 340 474, 490—491, 71 456, 465—466, 95 L.Ed. 456. Affirmed. 16 WHITTAKER dissents. dissenting 660, 880. 17 FRANKFURTER consideration decision case. 18 HARLAN, whom Jutsice STEWART joins, concurring. 19 I join Court's reasoning my concurring opinions 68, 656, 878 Nos. 64 85, Relation 677, 840. 20 Here, respect 'hiring hall' 'General Laws' 'encouraged' accepted. need add light historic such clauses maintain conditions, willing overrule determination employed seeking newspaper's mail room regard innocently worded union's evidencing employer's intent allow forbidden bylaws relationship regards employment, until unfair labor arising therefrom actually made. 21 CLARK, dissenting. 22 disposition However, reasons dissent 685, 845, inclusion agreement 'Foreman' (3). I, portions opinion. Section provides relevant part: '(a) employer— '(1) interfere with, restrain, coerce exercise rights guaranteed section 7; '(3) tenure term encourage discourage organization: Provided, nothing statute States, preclude making organization (not established, maintained, assisted action defined 8(a) practice) therein after thirtieth following effective date agreement, whichever later Provided further, justify nonmembership (A) reasonable grounds believing available terms generally applicable (B) denied terminated failure tender periodic initiation fees uniformly acquiring retaining membership; '(b) agents— restrain 7: paragraph impair prescribe own rules acquisition retention therein; '(2) cause attempt discriminate violation subsection (a)(3) ground *.' provides: 'Employees self-organization, form, join, assist organizations, bargain collectively through choosing, engage concerted activities purpose mutual aid protection, refrain except extent affected authorized 8(a)(3).' 157. 1947 amendments changed ruling Packard Motor Car Co. 330 485, 67 789, 91 1040, 'employees.' 2(3) excludes 'employees' 'employed supervisor.' 2(11) defines 'supervisor' 'having authority, interest employer, hire,' etc., employees. 152(3, 11). 14(a) 'Nothing herein prohibit individual supervisor becoming organization, subject compelled deem individuals supervisors national local, relating bargaining.' 164(a). Senator Taft, under these recognized so. S.Rep. 105, 80th Cong., 1st Sess., p. 5. neither nor meaning follows: minimum mailing-room staff ('regular situation holders') both journeymen; report night 'shape.' To fill vacancies added needs, next turns Next line insists referred card men,' rate shaping newspapers, lowest category consists what calls 'nonunion shapers' 'non-journeymen casuals'); rate, status. Within category, ranked seniority running shaper' 'non-journeyman casual.' He turning good years; most showed Fridays Saturdays job. From 1950 1956, third 'casual' list; list.

Category: 6