Document: 343 U.S. 205 72 S.Ct. 618 96 L.Ed. 888 UEBERSEE FINANZ-KORPORATION, A.G.v.McGRATH, Atty. Gen. No. 178. Argued Jan. 2, 1952. Decided April 7, Mr. Thurman, Arnold, Washington, D.C., for petitioner. James L. Morrisson, respondent. Justice MINTON delivered the opinion of Court. 1 Petitioner sued in District Court Columbia return certain its property vested by Alien Property Custodian 1942 under Trading with Enemy Act 1917, 40 Stat. 411, as amended First War Powers Act, 1941, 55 839, 50 U.S.C.A.Appendix, § et seq. The found Custodian, 82 F.Supp. 602, and Appeals affirmed, 89 U.S.App.D.C. 167, 196 F.2d 557. We granted certiorari, 342 847, 74. 2 following facts were confirmed upon an abundance evidence record. In 1931, Wilhelm von Opel, a citizen resident national Germany, owned shares stock Adam Opel Works, German corporation largely General Motors Corporation. had agreement to sell his at price. he became alarmed business conditions Germany desired get out country save investment himself family from economic governmental influences there prevailing. that year, wife entered into what was known law usufruct their only son, Fritz, who not lived since 1929 reason subject restrictions handling this property. By agreement, Wilhelm's title Works transferred Fritz. instrument provided follows: 'The is assigned Fritz Opel. It remains * until death survivor them. However, 20% all dividends interest received will accrue Opel.' 3 further if died before parents without issue, transfer be void revert parents, transferors. If have advancement, deducted share parents' estate. income drawn also accounted advancement. 4 After much expert testimony, pertaining such follows (82 605): 5 '(52.) A right usufruct, once established, rem person having has right: '(a) enjoyment or, case money or securities, securities; 6 '(b) co-possession together holding legal property; 7 '(c) voice management insofar maintenance preservation usufructuary's rights subsection (a) above are concerned; 8 '(d) prevent sale disposition result co-possession; 9 '(e) Civil Code does mention whether usufructuary, protection income, any voting rights. absence decided commentaries speculate three different directions. One position owner usufructuary no whatsoever. second measures which nothing do while can vote regard income. third rights.' R. 60—61; 605. 10 Under latter, on October 17, sold Motors, accordance contract company. order protect several interests involved, proceeds petitioner, Swiss acquired purpose. Eventually these funds used purchase stocks, later corporations organized various states United States, derived stocks Custodian. 97% law, Court, may follow ascertainable original usufruct. Therefore, purchased petitioner treated agreement. 11 On June 1935, placed but capital safety deposit box Zurich, Switzerland, gave key thereto Hans Frankenberg, it agent Frankenberg become managing director request 1932, exercised control over petitioner's investments vesting herein involved. delivery containing stock, thus possession res, usufruct; thereby consummated. engaged activities behalf concerning investments, guidance agent, Frankenberg. 12 Neither nor ever drew An oil lease one American whose sold, pay fine Germany. Expenses trip South America Hungary paid charged against account 13 subsidiary Hungarian mining bauxite Hungary, 1939 1940 guaranteed loan bank operations. repaid November 1942. States war December 13, 1941. During October, November, shipped so end 14 1942, held right, title, another corporation. All been 15 From 5, date controlled, used, ways handled directed agents. wholly subordinated Wilhelm. bare now dead. His wife, daughter, still survive. 16 pleadings Clark v. Uebersee Finanz-Korp., A.G., 332 480, 68 174, 92 88. There, alleged complaint enemy ally enemy, time specified question directly indirectly, whole part, designated country; none owing belonging benefit interest. This construed allegations 'to mean free taint particularly seized, respondent interest, itself, companies either kind whatsoever, done territory enemy.' page 482, 175. alleging sufficient motion dismiss, sent back trial. Upon trial, stated. 17 found, clear practical purposes was, extent 97%, owned, managed, controlled findings demonstrate corporate company purpose enabling use saw fit. paramount controlling. reality Wilhelm's, except receive neutral name only. Its complete because predominant influence substance, title; failed exercise subordination father. agree when said: 'This involve diluted 'taint'; involves ownership nationals benefits business.' 88 183, 191 328. 18 Before 1941 here involved could vested, country, unless shown doing enemy. Behn, Meyer & Co. Miller, 266 457, 45 165, 69 374; supra. But 18, Congress passage power vest foreign thereof said 9(a) defined recover vested. As supra, included word 'enemy' affected 'enemy taint.' Since we find direct indirect domination national, cannot 9(a). 19 suggested must returned proof actual warfare States. crucial fact enemy-tainted existence controlling Government move. wait worst acts. Cf. Miller Wall. 268, 306, 20 135. said, would difficult stronger short full than exists case. aspect insignificant *.' 606. 21 view decision today Kaufman Societe Internationale, Pour Participations Industrielles Commerciales S.A., 156, 611, consideration given effort open assertion 22 attempted litigation reopened asserting establishing nonenemy status Because failure diligently timely assert refused reopen separate 23 judgment affirmed novel Kaufman, Hormel Helvering, 312 552, 61 719, 85 1037, applicable. accordingly vacate court below remand cause consideration, light opinion, application made within 30 days remand, other respects affirmed. 24 ordered. 25 Judgment part; vacated part remanded 26 CLARK took

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