Document: 360 U.S. 474 79 S.Ct. 1400 3 L.Ed.2d 1377 William L. GREENE, Petitioner,v.Neil M. McELROY, Thomas S. Gates, Jr., and Robert B. Anderson. No. 180. Argued April 1, 1959. Decided June 29, [Syllabus from pages 474-475 intentionally omitted] Mr. Carl W. Berueffy, Washington, D.C., for the petitioner. George Cochran Doub, respondents. Chief Justice WARREN delivered opinion of Court. 1 This case involves validity Government's revocation security clearance granted to petitioner, an aeronautical engineer employed by a private manufacturer which produced goods armed services. Petitioner was discharged his employment solely as consequence because access classified information required nature job. After discharge, petitioner unable secure all practical purposes that field endeavor is now closed him. 2 vice president general manager Engineering Research Corporation (ERCO), business devoted primarily developing manufacturing various mechanical electronic products. He began this in 1937 soon after graduation Guggenheim School Aeronautics and, except brief leave absence, he stayed with firm until discharge 1953. first junior draftsman. Because excellence work eventually became chief executive officer firm. During career ERCO, credited expedited development complicated flight simulator design rocket launcher, both were ERCO long used Navy. post-World War II period, given clearances on three occasions.1 These projects undertaken services.2 On November 21, 1951, however, Army-Navy-Air Force Personnel Security Board (PSB) advised company's jeopardy tentative decision deny Department Defense revoke reasons.3 invited respond notification. The corporation, through its president, informed PSB had taken extended furlough due Board's action. also stated loyal discreet United States citizen absence denied services outstanding administrative executive. December 11, it 'decided you contract (at ERCO) * would be inimical best interests States.' Accordingly, revoked petitioner's clearancs. could seek hearing before Industrial Employment Review (IERB), took course.4 Prior hearing, received letter informing him action based indicating between 1943 1947 associated Communists, visited officials Russian Embassy, attended dinner allegedly Communist Front organization.5 4 January 23, 1952, counsel, appeared IERB. questioned detail concerning background disclosed IERB letter. In response numerous searching ues tions explained substance specific 'suspect' persons whom said have actually friends ex-wife. some during marriage, lasted 1942 1947, then wife held views did not concur friendly associates other little common. these basic disagreements prime reasons marriage ended failure. attributed attendance at dinner, membership bookshop association purportedly 'front organization, presence home 'Communist' publications. categorically ever been spoke length about dislike 'a theory Government has object common ownership property.' Lastly, visits foreign embassies (including Embassy) made connection attempts sell ERCO's products their Governments. Petitioner's witnesses, who included top-level executives number military officers worked past, corroborated many statements testified citizen. whose right never challenged, testimony visiting Embassy. 5 presented no witnesses. It obvious, questions posed relied confidential reports available apparently compilations contacted investigatory agency. opportunity confront question reflected adversely or government investigators statements. Moreover, seemed evident itself seen those subject reports. 6 IERB, basis reports, reversed authorized Secret work. 7 March 27, 1953, Secretary abolished directed Secretaries establish regional Boards coordinate industrial program.6 instructed uniform standards, criteria, procedures.7 Cases pending referred new Boards.8 interim period abolishment old program implementation one, considered themselves charged administering activities under previously criteria.9 8 17, respondent Anderson, Navy, wrote reviewed concluded 'continued Navy (was) inconsistent National Security.' No preceded requested exclude 'from any part your plants, factories sites are being carried out bar information.' corporation recommendation IERB's overruled. choice but comply request.10 led discharge.11 what occurred discuss matter view importance firm.12 replied '(a)s far concerned, further discussion problem time will serve useful purpose.' 9 asked reconsideration decision. October 13, stating Eastern (EIPSB) accept jurisdiction arrive final determination status.13 Various letters subsequently exchanged counsel EIPSB. resulted finally generalized charges, quoted margin, incorporating discussed 1952 IERB.14 10 28, 1954, ore than one year action, two days thereafter, EIPSB cross-examined detail. statement Chairman, following passage: 11 'The transcript include material file case, that, investigation conducted Federal Bureau Investigation investigative agencies confidential. Neither contain identity informants reveal source evidence. only Statement Reasons, answer thereto hearing.' 12 again incidents occurring including associations alleged house literature. 13 Petitioner, question, outset salary $4,700 per architectural draftsman receiving $18,000 Vice President General Manager ERCO. later unsuccessfully tried obtain aeronautics barricaded lack clearance.15 14 subjected intense examination similar experienced 1952. course examination, injected subjects inquiry relying petitioner.16 reiterated great explanations cross-examination, agreed exwife. 15 witnesses loyal, spoken approvingly economic system, valuable engineer, significant contributions country's war efforts World Korean War. 16 Soon conclusion notified affirmed Secretary's decided granting 'not clearly consistent national security.' furnished detailed findings supporting informed, considerations prohibited such disclosure.17 September 16, 1955, review Board.18 12, 1956, almost years nearly second latter Director Office found 1942—1947 closely her friends, knowing they active behalf sympathized Party, petitiner maintained sympathetic political wife, member suspect association, invested money radio station, had, occasion, publications home, credibility witness proceedings doubtful. doubts affected evaluation trustworthiness trustworthy afforded information.19 affirmed. 17 filed complaint District Court Columbia asking declaration unlawful void order restraining respondents acting pursuant it.20 requiring advise void. Following affirmance Board, moved summary judgment cross-filed dismissal judgment. motion judgment, 150 F.Supp. 958, Appeals disposition, 103 U.S.App.D.C. 87, 254 F.2d 944, 952. 18 recognized suffered substantial harm revocation.21 But court's view, suit 'justiciable controversy'—no controversy courts effectively decide. followed Appeals' reasoning Executive alone competent evaluate competing exist determining clearances. court rejected claim deprived livelihood without traditional safeguards 'due process law' confrontation accusers determine fitness. Central unwillingness choose disclosing identities giving clearance. 19 contends Dpar tment barring either Congress 'liberty' 'property' contravention Fifth Amendment. property employment; liberty freedom practice chosen profession. Respondents admit, must, caused lose job seriously affected, if destroyed, ability field. Although hold follow profession free unreasonable governmental interference comes within concepts Amendment, Dent v. State West Virginia, 129 114, 231, 32 L.Ed. 623; Schware Bar Examiners, 353 232, 77 752, 796; Peters Hobby, 349 331, 352, 75 790, 800, 99 1129 (concurring opinion); cf. Slochower Higher Education, 350 551, 76 637, 100 692; Truax Raich, 239 33, 41, 36 7, 10, 60 131; Allgeyer Louisiana, 165 578, 589—590, 427, 431, 41 832; Powell Commonwealth Pennsylvania, 127 678, 684, 992, 995, 1257, 253, contend admitted interferences indirect by-products necessary protect integrity secret hence do constitute deprivations meaning Alternatively, urge even restrained enjoyment constitutionally protected rights, accorded law permitted utilize procedural consonant effective program, administration kept insure unimpaired flow subversive conduct. our should narrower ground 'authorization,' we find need answers questions.22 20 issue, see it, whether create may jobs professions fact determinations fitness cross-examination. 21 II, sporadic control establishments manufactured materials defense. Report Commission Security, 1957, S.Doc.No.64, 85th Cong., 1st Sess. 236. instituted formalized plants engaed sabotage, espionage, willful activity designed disrupt defense program. Id., i37. 1946, require contractors, information, sign secrecy agreements consent employees Top information. 238. At outset, each service administered own 239. Later, established administer more centralized Ibid. Confusion existed criteria procedures boards. Eventually, approval provided '(t)he manner disclosure affecting tending compromise sources methods *.' See 'Procedures Governing dated 1949,' note 48 supra, § 4(c). abolition boards establishment 4, promulgated likewise non-disclosure 'tending informants.'23 22 All programs directives issued Army, Air Force. None creature statute Order President.24 23 maintain congressional authorization fashion denies individuals test unnecessary inherent authority secrets inviolate. And argue statutory grant power necessary, can readily inferred 'as necesari ly implicit provisions' legislation dealing must act power; rather, exercised delegated 24 Certain principles remained relatively immutable jurisprudence. One where injures individual, reasonableness depends findings, evidence prove individual so show untrue. While important documentary evidence, consists memory might faulty who, fact, perjurers motivated malice, vindictiveness, intolerance, prejudice, jealousy. We protections requirements They ancient roots.25 expression Sixth Amendment provides criminal cases accused shall enjoy 'to confronted against him.' zealous rights erosion. cases, e.g., Mattox States, 156 237, 242—244, 337, 339—340, 39 409; Kirby 174 47, 574, 43 890; Motes 178 458, 474, 993, 999, 44 1150; re Oliver, 333 257, 273, 68 499, 507, 92 682, types regulatory actions scrutiny. E.g., Southern R. Co. 290 190, 54 148, 78 260; Ohio Bell Telephone Public Utilities Commission, 301 292, 57 724, 81 1093; Morgan 304 19, 58 773, 776, 82 1129; Carter Kubler, 320 243, 64 88 26; Reilly Pinkus, 338 269, 70 110, 94 63. Nor, pointed out, ignored fundamental enacting legislation. Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee McGrath, 341 123, 168—169, 71 624, 646—647, 95 817 opinion). 25 Professor Wigmore, commenting states treatise, Wigmore Evidence (3d ed. 1940) 1367: 26 'For centuries policy Anglo-American system regard necessity testing cross-examination vital feature law. belief safeguard value human comparable conviction (unless special exception) probed sublimated test, increasing strength lengthening experience.' 27 Little added incisive point present clearnce absent allowed stand probing person attack often uncover inconsistencies, lapses recollection, bias,26 but, addition, members know identities, normally rely investigator's report informant examining investigator personally.27 28 background, by-pass well-recognized operate injure substantially denying them professions. cite Orders believe presidential delegation. first, Exec. 10290, Fed.Reg. 9795, 50 U.S.C.A. 401 note, entitled 'Prescribing Regulations Establishing Minimum Standards For Classification, Transmission, Handling, By Departments Agencies Branch, Of Official Information Which Requires Safeguarding Interest provided, relevant part: 29 PART V—DISSEMINATION OF CLASSIFIED SECURITY INFORMATION 30 '29. General. a. knowledge possession of, to, virtue office position. 31 'b. Classified unauthorized persons, inspect 'c. head agency controlling dissemination adequate needs 33 '30. Limitations dissemination—a. Within Branch. limited official duties Special measures limit 'Top Secret' absolute minimum. Only portion proper planning appropriate organizational unit released individual. 34 Outside disseminated outside Branch having threo f conditions channels disseminating agency, though partly responsible production.' 35 second, 10501, Fed. Reg. 7049, 'Safeguarding Interests States' 'Sec. 7. Accountability Dissemination. 37 '(b) Dissemination branch department proposed 38 Clearly, neither orders empowers whereby civilian continued chance challenge upon adverse rest.28 Turning legislative enactments deemed delegating opportunities denial confrontation, assertion, brief, '(w)ith contention Program explicitly agree 40 proffered Act amended, U.S.C. 171 et seq., seq. That created gave departments. Nowhere Act, amendments, there effect. Another cited Armed Service Procurement amended. 2304, 2304 that: 42 '(a) Purchases contracts covered chapter formal advertising. However, negotiate purchase contract, if— '(12) procurement determines publicly character, ingredients, components.' 2306, 2306: 45 cost-plus-a-percentage-of-cost contracting used. Subject limitation subsections (b)—(e), may, negotiating section title, make kind considers promote statutes, together 798, makes crime willfully knowingly communicate crypto-graphic intelligence activities, 783(b), 783(b),whi ch employee agents governments 'Communist organizations,' reflect recognition existence keeping 46 statutes apparent recognizes secrets, hardly elaborate embodies traditionally believed inadequate persons.29 47 urges refuse adopt 'inferred' reasoning, nevertheless, ratification appropriation funds finance aspects fashioned Defense. refer us Hearings House Appropriations 84th 774—781. hearings, approve reimbursement lost wages contractors temporarily denied, granted, Apparently, reimbursements prior appropriations. purpose, conceivably procedures, way involved program.30 Respondents' argument delegation resolves into following: President, terms, restrict acquiesced application results restraints freedoms use long-required protections. Similarly, Congress, although enacted relating utilized workers, existing ratified specifically appropriating aspect it. 49 If acquiescence implied enough take area questionable constitutionality, shown here. circumstances, clear, standards interpretation, inferred. Thus, delegation, difficulty finding, do, apply affords does situation. deal here imposed conflict long-accepted notions fair procedures.31 Before judge whether, context full hearings confronted, clear respective constitutional powers, warranted use. Cf. Watkins 354 178, 1173, 1273; Scull 359 344, 838, 865. Such decisions cannot assumed nonaction. Kent Dulles, 357 116, 113, 1204; Ex parte Endo, 323 283, 301—302, 65 208, 218, 89 243. assure cherished authorized, explicit especially areas doubtful requires careful purposeful consideration implementing laws. Without lawmakers, import effect relegated default administrators government, endowed decide them. Where raised serious problems, intended afford process. See, Japanese Immigrant Case (Kaoru Yamataya Fisher), 189 86, 101, 611, 614, 721; Dismuke 297 167, 172, 56 400, 80 561; 299—300, 217, 243; American Power & Light Securities Exchange 329 90, 107— 108, 67 133, 143, 91 103; Hannegan Esquire, 327 146, 156, 66 456, 461, 90 586; Wong Yang Sung 339 49, 445, 453, 616. Anniston Mfg. Davis, 816, 1143; Rumely, 345 73 543, 97 770. Court's concern forms procedure restricted implication most Nation's possible Constitution presents inhibition. 51 instant severely rendered failed comport ideas procedure. type product President. Whether circumstances Nor limits be. empowered deprive proceeding 52 remanded herewith. 53 ordered. Judgment directions. 55 FRANKFURTER, HARLAN WHITTAKER revoked, intimating procedures. HARLAN, concurring specially. What written sides word concurs Court, join opinion. Unlike brother CLARK finds 'both simple,' I consider issue difficult far-reaching. my quite properly declines posture case. My subscribe unnecessarily deals very disclaims deciding. drawn deciding constitutionality security-clearance matters deliberately expressly position instance totality factors bearing much express fraught consequences 59 Ample justification abstaining stage wise rule reaching issues prematurely. rle indeed consistently when faced 'confrontation' loyalty cases. Vitarelli Seaton, 535, 968; 363, 1152, 1403; 1113, 1204. Adherence is, understand underlying today's decision, regrettable yielded temptations colorful characterization depict secrets,' suggest today 'the President's Cabinet refusal give' 'access despite reliability. consequences. material, rather particular grounds permissible. With good reason reach stand. certainly nothing suggests material. 61 CLARK, dissenting. 62 To me simple. respondents, Cabinet, have, series refused give Greene certain 'secret.' pertinent defines 'secret' 63 'defense result damage Nation, jeopardizing international relations endangering effectiveness defense, compromising plans, scientific technological developments revealing operations.' Nov. 5, CFR (1949—1953 Comp.), p. 979, 1(b), note. Surely secrets.1 says access, manager, officer, wholly States,2 training engineering, facts engages largest airplane customer, unaccountable parlayed right.' anyone else privilege enshrouded protection. sleight hand too me. all. holding protection job, ordered Cabnet secrets.3 strikes down regulations insufficiently fail provide hearings. Let problem. concludes 'that cross-examination.' doing, holds naught Roosevelt Truman every connected since plus Dwight D. Eisenhower Staff 1946. contrary conclusion, fully published Greene's error holding, 'authorization' 'right interference' cites four support proposition compare others. As read point.4 single Even damages lie Government. exempted suits Tort Claims Act. 2680(h), 2680(h). by-passing exemption claim, Vitarelli, 1959, 968, loss wages. Taylor McElroy, 709, 1428. date back His year. protects ignores namely, person, save secrets. keep industry, still loses presently enjoys. simple entirely permissive time. done day operation. seems benefit. not. Access supplies needed. officers. knew provisions. working box. Perkins Lukens Steel Co., 1940, 310 127—128, 869, 876, 84 1108: 69 'Like businesses enjoys unrestricted produce supplies, deal, fix terms needed purchases. Judicial restraint purchasing break settled judicial departure fields hitherto wisely happily apportioned genius polity another Government.' refuses pass say permit 'employment think confuses trials. ago repeatedly approved permitted. Chicago Lines Waterman S.S. Corp., 1948, 103, 568; Carlson Landon, 342 524, 72 525, 96 547; Nugent, 346 991, 1417; Reynolds, 528, 727; ex rel. Knauff Shaughnessy, 1950, 537, 309, 317; Shaughnessy Mezei, 206, 625, 956, Jay Boyd, 351 345, 919, 1242. vogue required. patterned Employee Loyalty Program, inaugurated passage Hatch 1939, 118i, recognized. Every Attorney noted, several attacked ground, yet strike down.5 labor fairness A score cited, Not contrary. striking strange, hard critical emergency. know—and now—whether not, wherein deficient. am sure remember times emergency—no grave present—it permitted, whatsoever—much less cross-examination—to remove citizens homes Coast place concentration camps. Hirabayashi 1943, 81, 1375, 87 1774; Korematsu 1944, 214, 193, 194. exclusion indicates just offenses violation curfew commander. Likewise while war, inception emergency declared world affairs safety today. spending period. light inescapable authorizations sufficient. examine II. THE PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS HAVE GRANTED SUFFICIENT AUTHORITY TO CABINET OFFICERS. 74 Since 1941 operation week Pearl Harbor, 8972, 6420, Dec. 1941, guards patrols, measures, injury destruction national-defense premises, utilities, (Emphasis added.) 1942, Order, undertook formulation execution security.6 outlined 1946 publication 'Suspension Subversives Privately Operated Facilities Importance Army Programs.'7 Interestingly enough, instructions peace, signed Staff—now President—Dwight Eisenhower. Stat. 495, effected reorganization departments placed Military Establishment. Section 305(a) transferred organization '(a)ll laws, orders, regulations, applicable respect function 213 Munitions supervision Among functions '(1) Establishment matters, plans *; (2) plan mobilization; (10) perform direct.'8 Forrestal reported '* internal matters. planned phases forward programs: Development forces hands industry potential enemies; 'd. handling personnel First (1948) 102—103. forerunner exact put 1948 Board. And, Annual 1949, Secretary, Louis Johnson, 'Industrial Security.—A develop practices research Criteria developed facility performance contracts. Work started central register centralize data ready reference prevent duplication making investigations. joint administers hears appeals denials.' Second Defense, Fiscal Year 1949 (1950), 85. 83 Transmitted processed handled detailed.9 Again 1950 law, status 85 'In past months, activated operate, set stipulating denied. Index Clearance File clearing indvid ual denials, (and) standard check list *. 86 Uniform investigations contractors' agreement coordinated bind suppliers awarded, manual guidance prepared.' Semiannual July 31, 97. Reorganization Plan 6, 638, C.A. 133z—15 'functions Board' dissolved Secretary. Also 10450, Apr. 2489, 936, 631 dealt 9835, 1935, (1943—1948 630, Mar. federal suspected disloyalty confrontation.10 right. 9365, (1949), 210, 1948. revised again, provided. 1503, CFR, 288, 1954. contemplated Program. Army—transmitted Defense—made 10450 doubt, carrying Semi-annual Jan. 30, 135 136. Thus regularly highest How say, facts, sufficiently beyond me, unless means write Manual hand. Furthermore, aware appropriated formative 1949—1951, activity. F. Carpenter, Chairman Subcommittee testify 'off record,' references attack.11 Significantly bill item $11,300,000 maintenance, inter alia, Again, Timberlake, testified: 'Then going intensify mobilization emphasis Representatives, Supplemental Appropriation 81st 2d 264. While, record' urgent additional 1951.12 93 1953 Plan, Assistant Manpower, Personnel, Reserve Forces. course, two, indicate awareness appropriations be-speak on. Eighty-fourth Senator Wiley unanimous consent, printed so-called Internal Manual, Doc. 40, compilation committees security. Contained volume Regulation,' i.e., verbatim copy up February 2, 1955. condemned regulations. Still voice Halls exceeded contractor rights. inaction here, Executive. Why, ask, vital? 'blind' others understand' *' 44, 545, suppose fastidiousness satisfied Congress' placing books. superfluous Governmet t o multitudinous perhaps large damages—by discharges add nota bene. direction, today, copiously issues, puts cloud over attack. reading doubt language broad sweep speaks prophecy. hope winds change. temporary debacle turn rout Confidential August 9, G—2, Washington Material Command 3, 1950. project entered controls accordance turn, paragraphs 4(e) 6: Contractor (this imply separation employee) factories, performed, concerned duly representative, interest security, designate writing. 'No cleared Contractor, be, specified subparagraphs extent memorandum Provost Marshal Marshal, 'It three-man board, representative Its required, suspend individuals, work.' S.Doc. 64, 1950.' four-member board hear PSB. charter, Force, 1949.' read, 'That years, 1943—1947, near sympathetically Party; 1944—1947 entertained representatives D.C.; further, social Conference Human Welfare, Third Dinner, Statler Hotel Cited Congressional Un-American Activities).' '5. geographical regions work-load region. There region consist separate distinct divisions, Screening Division Appeal Division, equal representation division. determined majority vote fina, ubject request appellant cause department.' provided: '6. thirty (30), implement above-described requirements. govern Board.' '7. '4. Actions facilities paragraph memorandum.' supra. Colonel Henry Berliner, affidavit follows: 'During previous thereto, principal stockholder Corporation, Riverdale, Maryland. chairman corporation. 'I acquainted Lewis Greene. month April, Vice-President charge engineering Corporation. 1937. progress company consistent. valued employees, doing. advising plant. company, result, ofthe indefinitely.' Honorable Anderson 'Secretary 'Washington 25, D.C. 'My dear Secretary: 'Receipt acknowledged state history Security. 'You protecting request, please receipt excluded barred tendered resignation left contact clarified formally accepted resignation. 'Mr. engineering. knowledge, experience proven inestimable past. below operations. like personal conference further. 'Furthermore, referring recommending appropriate, discussing 'Please thanks courtesies extend. 'Respectfully yours, 'Engineering 'By /s/L. A. Wells' May governed specifications contained sent nineteen hearing. 'Security thus Greene: '1. Book Shop Association, officially subversive. '2. Subject's Jean Hinton Greene, married approximately ardent greater marriage. '3. 'Daily Worker'; 'Soviet Russia Today'; Fact'; Karl Marx's 'Das Kapital.' Many reliable politica sympathies accord towards Russia; Party 'line'; 'fellow-traveller' arguments; influenced 'Jean's wild theories'; etc. (Nothing record establishes 'testified' everything officers.) $1000. Metropolitan Broadcasting director Radio Station WQQW. reliably stockholders Communists pro-Communists news coverage WQQW frequently paralleled 'line.' (This station WGMS, Washington's 'Good Music Station.' liked classical music investment.) Dinner front. notables, Court.) Beginning continuing thereafter Soviet Major Constantine I. Ovchinnikov, Col. Pavel Berezin, N. Asseev, Ilia Saraev, Anatoly Y. Golkovsky. (High-level above corporation.) '8. frequent Dr. Vaso Syrzentic Yugoslav identified agent International Party. (Petitioner met once transaction.) '9. Alexander Hess Czechoslovak Red Intelligence. abandoned finding it.) '10. close Mrs. Nathan Gregory Silvermaster Ludwig Ullman. Ullman Espionage Apparatus 1940's. (Silvermaster top economist Agriculture direct superior ex-wife department.) '11. contacts Laughlin Currie 1945—48. espionage group. offices President.) '12. members, R_ _ S_ _, E_ B_ W_ M_ P_ D_ N_ I_ _. (These ex-wife.) '13. same strong supporters conspiracy, J. L_ O_ F_ V_ G_ noted last year.' '(a)fter effort commensurate experience, aeronautics. spite draftsman-engineer obliged go $4,400 year, higher justified particularly able obtain. defendants complained me.' instance, 'left wing' owned stock, acquaintanceship subversives relationships governments: 'Q. called attention (Congressman) Rankin (Senator) Bilbo characterized run Communists? come known reliability refers conversations told evening become chummy him, wish comment that? Concerning relationship reliability, hic h shortly Western High speech she remarked probably people learn things replying, 'Well something good, least.' Do anything all, didn't meet Russians early 1943. Now, initiative came Berezin. sir, meeting Berezin arranged Hochfeld indicated. conversation talking Harry, presumed Harry young friend ours wanted yourself. Can why cause? assumptions look their's cause. weight lent assumption strongly pro-Communist affairs, don't I'll you.' evidently 'eccentric.' Now Bill's red brick you're about. Was unusual itself, interior dirty? Were beds mattresses them? Did Slept touch? When Jean's dress conventionally guests? ask this, somebody invite expect them, woman wear shoes stockings usual clothing appear overalls?' notification stated: prohibit furnishing appeal inasmuch entire comments panel form reasons.' untrustworthy. 18, 'We injured. forced paid reduced, shows, Further, considerable (without real contradiction) pursuit profession, current dependence aircraft production well. stigma, degree, attached Greene.' 95—96, 952—953. respondents' concession standing bring assert whatever have. actions, injuries, .refugee 152, opinion), invasion legally arbitrary contractual relationships. impair interests. Philadelphia Stimson, 223 605, 340, 570. Regulation, 1553, recommended 67.1—4. Release pertaining safeguarding nor informants, employee, lawyer representatives, involving grant, deny, clearance, Reasons concerned.' 'Charter supra; 1950,' Memorandum notes Facility Program,' Part (1958 Supp.); Information, 6213, 2814. Festus thousand King Agrippa Felix prisoner named Paul priests elders desired Paul, Romans deliver man die, face face, license himself laid Acts 25:16. explains emergence principle ingredients trial. 1364. O'Brian, Individual Freedom, 62. 'personal wife,' 'old' petitioner: I'd quotation yours years. you, saying books Incidentally man's favorable respect. thought viewpoints impressions definite parlor pink along her. theories Here's visitor occasions regarding visits, wife's we've mentioned particular, topic China forth among revolutionists agrarian reformists propaganda line back. got constantly fault institutions, opposing Capitalistic System praise attempted do. case? yourself felt modern country rich powerful, capitalistic disadvantage exploited rich. times, fellow-traveler argument. indicated pretty well versed parroting arguments wife. that?' Confrontation 'witnesses' hazy recollecting long-past incidents, irrationally bias vindictiveness. Jerome Fenton, Director, Constitutional Rights Senate Judiciary Committee, 1955: '(Q.) besides oath (A .) agencies. might, themselves, hearsay, not? (A.) statement. Ninth (sic) port third, fourth-hand Circuit Parker Lester, 227 708.) '(A.) 'Yes.' tell help evaluation? purpose? Well, adviser, expert area. Each screening well-trained how wheat chaff, assist expert, then, assisting seen, hasn't interviewed witness? witness; no. no.' Rights, S.Res. 94, 623—624. Richardson, Col.L.Rev. 546, Foreign Relations Sess., 327—339 (statement Edgar Hoover, Investigation). better, utilities doubtful, nonconfrontation appears, notice non-confrontation workers embodied 354-page Senator, reproduced, documents comment, Regulation. referred, constitutes description Department's program: prescribed eligibility governing disposition department, thereof, (a) denial, suspension, employee; (b) withdrawal individuals. 'While assumes, received, responsibilities necessitate vigorous policies minimize risk incident employees. assurance time, limitations ensure 774. ev en afforded. 'plainly purpose bestow precise claimed.' 303, 24, 219, Likewise, amounts successors, multifold objectives, mention uses put, estimated million Brown, (1958), 179—180; Association City New York. Loyalty-Security (1956), 64. kindly credits 'colorful characterization' issue. pride authorship, merely Solicitor co-counsel five different places Brief States. pp. 59. plant performed Brother officials, judgments practicalities operation, relief seeks here—and grants—is 'in substance, mandatory injunction (or, practice, allow him) notwithstanding jeopardize safety.' 48. CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUE. 1889, 623, Virginia practicing medicine 796, 'right' 'privilege' 'invidiously discriminatory.' 1129, simply violated involved. opinion, Douglas, J., page 350, went 'right.' 692, York school teacher pead ed touched plead 1915, 1897, 832, 1888, discrimination claimed. alleges discrimination. Bailey 248, 182 46, equally divided 918, 669, 1352; 1129. (1957), n. Pamphlet 32—4 (1946) removal subversives. criterion 'good *', defined 'sabotage, wilful program.' 10: revealed procurement, success project, immediate project. end cooperation organizations organized solicited Clearly anticipate Amendments amended delete subparagraph 10. 192. IV, Exec.Order 9835 disclose names furnishes sufficient requesting advises writing essential revealed. Representativs, Bill 91. dearth appears 1955 bill. Under proposal fund reimburse suspended cleared. Moore secretaries contingency funds. Then colloquy: Mahon. (the fund) buy boy top, toy, thinks proper? 'Gen. Moore. right, explain committee session spent precisely for.' 780.

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