Document: 409 U.S. 239 93 S.Ct. 477 34 L.Ed.2d 446 Paul P. ERLENBAUGH et al., Petitioners,v.UNITED STATES. No. 71-839. Argued Nov. 13, 1972. Decided Dec. 12, Syllabus Causing a publication to be carried by facility of interstate commerce with an intent facilitate the operation illegal gambling business is violation 18 U.S.C. § 1952. The exception for 'any newspaper or similar publication' contained in 1953, which prohibits shipment certain paraphernalia, was not intended read into Pp. 242—248. 452 F.2d 967, affirmed. Charles W. Grubb, Cedar Lake, Ind., petitioners. Allan A. Tuttle, Raleigh, N.C., respondent. Mr. Justice MARSHALL delivered opinion Court. 1 petitioners this case attack their convictions under Travel Act, 1952, makes it unlawful use furtherance criminal activity. Petitioners were tried five separate trials.1 cases consolidated purposes appeal since each raised question whether causing state law violated Court Appeals Seventh Circuit affirmed convictions, finding no 1952 transmittal publications. 967 (1971). We granted certiorari limited purpose resolving conflict between decision and previous ruling Fourth Circuit.2 405 973, 92 1194, 31 247 (1972). For reasons stated below, we affirm. 2 In all respects here relevant, facts are identical. Each involves Hammond, Indiana, bookmaking business. A known as Illinois Sports News important functioning operation. News, type generally referred 'scratch sheet,'3 contains more complete detailed horse racing information than found regular newspapers, used extensively customers operations placing bets. Because appears daily except Sunday, published Chicago, Illinois, necessary make arrangements prompt delivery from Chicago Hammond establishments. This accomplished copies placed on board early morning train South Shore & Bend Railroad railroad station where picked up operations. assumed various roles scheme,4 but pattern scheme securing same cases. 3 Section 1952(a) subjects liability anyone who 'uses any . promote, manage, establish, carry on, promotion, management, establishment, carrying activity, thereafter performs attempts perform (these) acts ..' Unlawful activity includes enterprise involving offenses laws State they committed See 1952(b).5 our open dispute that involved businesses Indiana law;6 those businesses; News—a commerce, railroad—was requisite overt occurred following facility. only these fall outside ambit because secure news publication.7 4 basis petitioners' challenge legality 1952—and courts appeals—is 1953. 1953(a) anyone, 'except common carrier usual course its business, knowingly (to) carr(y) (to send) paper, writing, other device used, (a) bookmaking; (b) wagering pools .; (c) numbers, policy, polita, game broad sweep subsection terms paraphernalia covered some extent 1953(b)(3) section inapplicable 'the carriage transportation publication.'8 5 Petitioners' argument starts premise could have been prosecuted falls within 1953(b)(3).9 recognize express newspapers comparable 1953(b)(3), contend 1953 pari materia is, pertain subject—and, settled principles statutory construction, should therefore construed 'as if one law,' United States v. Freeman, How. 556, 564, 11 L.Ed. 724 (1845); see, e.g., Stewart, 311 60, 64, 61 102, 105, 85 40 (1940); Estate Sanford Commissioner Internal Revenue, 308 39, 44, 60 51, 56, 84 20 (1939). Thus, would us applicable also 1952(a), thereby barring prosecution latter well former. cannot do. 6 rule materia—like canon construction—is reflection practical experience interpretation statutes: legislative body uses particular word consistent meaning given context. example, 'later act can regarded (an) earlier sense aids ascertaining words contemporary setting,' 'is entitled great weight ambiguities doubts.' supra, at 64—65, 105. also, Hunter Erickson, 393 385, 388, 89 557, 559, 21 616 (1969); 44 565. logical extension principle individual sections single statute together,10 necessarily assumes whenever Congress passes new statute, aware statutes subject, cf. Allen Grand Central Aircraft Co., 347 535, 541—552, 74 745, 748 755, 98 933 (1954). Given underlying assumption, rule's application certainly most when enacted time. Such indeed here.11 Yet resort simply resolve 'ambiguities (or) doubts' language introduce coverage none now apparent. might sensible construction two serve function, plainly not.12 7 True, both parts comprehensive federal effort13 assist local authorities dealing organized which, many instances, had proportions14 materially assisted availability facilities commerce.15 statutes, however, play different achieving broad, goals. 8 has narrow, specific function. It erects substantial barrier16 distribution materials conduct forms gambling.17 By interdicting flow businesses, purposefully seeks impede such businesses.18 9 contrast, does apply just gambling; rather, concerned spectrum 'unlawful activity,'19 being element. Moreover, focus upon materials, furthering 'business enterprise.' short, effort deny individuals access channels commerce.20 while ultimately seeks, like inhibit activity,21 takes very approach doing so. To based nature material transported carve slice statute. will do without affirmative indication—which lacking here—that so intended. 10 Our conclusion bolstered fact reason absent context original version introduced Senate exceptions set forth (b). quickly realized bill, introduced, bore potential unreasonably application, imposed absolute carrier, 'knowingly carries sends commerce' Were 'knowingly' modifying phrase 'carries sends'22 applied wholly innocent person unaware information.23 avoid problem added 1953.24 But obviously poses threat citizens. Its further activity—as clearly true There then, over judgment 12 Affirmed. 13 WHITE took part case. Erlenbaugh, Mitchell, Hintz together. Petitioner Erlenbaugh convicted conspiracy violate Mitchell counts violating section. White Lloyd together petitioner second trial. three counts, count Kelly alone Kulik Dobrowski respectively, Misiolek, Tumlin, Strosky together, Misiolek Tumlin four Arnold, 380 366, 368 (1967), reversed conviction because, view, telephone order through mail (of sports football betting pool) 'facility promote activity', contemplated 1952.' specifically declined follow Arnold. F.2d, 973. 'scratch' withdrawn race entered. withdrawal good affects odds race, interest bettors. described respective detail, see 969—970. n. 19, infra. Ind.Ann.Stat. §§ 10—2304, 10—2307, 10—2331 (1956), IC 1971, 35—1—104—4, 35—1—104—7, 35—25—1—3. presented solely construction. issue constitutionality Subsection to: '(1) parimutuel equipment, tickets legally acquired, designed racetracks sporting events connection legal law, (2) bets wagers event Whether publications sheet' 'newspaper 1953(b) (3) arisen number occasions lower courts. Kelly, 328 227, 229—236 (CA6 1964); (CA4 1967); Kish, 303 F.Supp. 1212 (N.D.Ind.1969); Azar, 243 345, 346 (E.D.Mich.1964). Government concedes 1953(b)(3). Brief 3. See, Clark Uebersee Finanz-Korporation, A.G., 332 480, 488, 68 174, 177, 88 (1947); Markham Cabell, 326 404, 410—411, 66 193, 196—197, 90 165 (1945); Ex parte Public National Bank, 278 101, 104, 49 43, 73 202 (1928). Title Code Act Sept. 1961, Pub.L. 87—228, 1(a), 75 Stat. 498, amended, July 7, 1965, 89—68, 79 212; Oct. 27, 1970, Tit. II, 701(i) (2), 1282. 87—218, 492. Indeed, Attorney General Kennedy's program combat crime racketeering, considered simultaneously committees House Senate. Hearings S. 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1665 before Committee Judiciary, 87th Cong., 1st Sess. (1961) (hereinafter Hearings); H.R. 468, 1246, 3021, 3022, 3023, 3246, 5230, 6571, 6572, 6909, 7039 Subcommittee Hearings). Cf. Farmers Reservoir Irrigation Co. McComb, 337 764, 69 1274, 1279, 1672 (1949); Helvering Stockholms Enskilda 293 84, 87—88, 55 50, 51—52, 211 (1934); Atlantic Cleaners Dyers States, 286 427, 433, 52 607, 608, 76 1204 (1932). 11, supra. 14 Kennedy, recommended legislation Congress, testified Committees racketeering developed convincingly (demonstrates) need Federal laws.' 10—11; 19—20. H.R.Rep. 966, Sess., 2—3 (§ 1952) U.S.Code Cong. Admin.News p. 2664. 15 Kennedy observed racketeers 'use communications impunity activities. If curtail facilities, inflict telling blow cut them down size.' 11. Previously, Subcommittee, package 'designed prohibit enterprises today.' 20. H.R.Rep.No. 1952); 968, 1953), 2634. 16 Only carriers acting plus specified 1953(b), 8, excluded statute's prohibition. 17 1084. Representative Celler, House, follows: 'The primary prevent material. actually (cut off) (shut supplies, reality lotteries kindred diversions.' 107 Cong.Rec. 16537. S.Rep. 589, (1961); (1961). 19 'As activity' means (1) gambling, liquor excise tax paid, narcotics, controlled substances prostitution extortion, bribery, arson States.' 'This bill enforcement denying engaged liquor, narcotics enterprises.' 2665. 13943 (remarks Sen. Eastland). Rewis 401 808, 811, 91 1056, 1059, 28 493 (1971), '§ aimed primarily and, specifically, persons reside operating, managing activities located another.' We, course, adhere view 'Congress expansive alter sensitive federal-state relationships, overextend police resources, produce situations relatively minor (would transformed) felonies.' Id., 812, S.Ct., 1059. Bass, 404 336, 349—350, 515, 523—524, 30 488 there proof directed another State. grant certiorari, elements though note reach instances managed State, 15, 22 Chase, 372 453, 460 (C.A.4), cert. denied, 387 907, 87 1688, 626 (1967) ('(K)nowledge transmit created by' 1953). 23 committee felt interpreted bring penalties containing results predictions.' 24 ibid.;

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