Document: 362 U.S. 390 80 S.Ct. 799 4 L.Ed.2d 816 Willia NIUKKANEN, etc., Petitioner,v.E. D. McALEXANDER, etc. No. 130. Argued March 21, 1960. Decided April 18, Rehearing Denied June 6, See 363 817, 1245. Mr. Joseph Forer, Washington, D.C., and Nels Peterson, Portland, Or., for petitioner. Oscar H. Davis, respondent. PER CURIAM. 1 The petitioner sought relief from an order directing his deportation on the ground that as alien he had become, after entering United States, a member of Communist Party within meaning Act October 16, 1918, amended by § 22 Internal Security 1950, 64 Stat. 987, 1006.1 District Court, hering, denied petition, Niukkanen v. Boyd, 148 F.Supp. 106, Court Appeals affirmed. 9 Cir., 241 F.2d 938. Invoking Rowoldt Perfetto, 355 115, 78 180, 2 140, decided deportation, administrative reconsideration status. Upon its denial Board Immigration began judicial proceeding immediately before us review. After hearing, again petition affirmed Court. 265 825. ultimate question is whether subject to under Galvan Press, 347 522, 74 737, 98 L.Ed. 911, or saved it supra. determination this issue turns evaluation testimony in light supra, Such assessment largely depends credibility which district judge based judgment, particularly himself, whom saw heard. An able found denying membership Party, unlike who admitted membership, see U.S., at pages 116—117, page 181, but accounted innocence, 'perjured himself before, I believe perjured today.' We cannot say findings, Appeals, were clearly erroneous do not support conclusion both lower courts. Judgment 3 Justice DOUGLAS, with CHIEF JUSTICE, BLACK, BRENNAN concur, dissenting. Petitioner was born Finland 1908, came here when less than year old has resided ever since. He married native-born citizen; served honorably our Army; no criminal record any kind except petty offense, back 1930. 5 evidence against given two witnesses once been Communists, one swore never knew. They testified 1937 1939 Oregon. One them assisted circulation paper, Labor New Dealer, apparently organ Party. There paid dues 25 cents month attended open closed meetings But even these ex-Communists appeared said there discussion ways means overthrow Government those meetings, only problems such labor conditions, relief, like discussed. also advocated Government. Petitioner's interest according hostile witnesses, result 'the sufferings people depression'; 'very sympathetic toward their welfare.' This witness agreed intellectual interested 'theory' 'political discussion.' His interests 'in bread butter topics day, what unemployment relief.' Nor taught doctrine nor distributed literature, Dealer. 6 These dances arranged Portland. they held office Party; employed 'functionary' sense representing regional meeting Aberdeen, where various speakers, ex-Communist, gave 'glowing accounts' work 'more fabricating' achievements. 7 know petitioner's lips acquainted conventional literature; nothing accusers it. reads whole put down without feeling man neither conspiratorial, dangerous, cunning, knowledgeable. Petitioner—a painter trade represents microscopic element ranks force caught up movement whose ideology did understand leaders spoke terms hungry, jobs unemployed. recently earned about $4,000 year; bought home $3,100 (which now worth $6,000 $6,500 $2,500 mortgage); personal property, including car, $2,000. 8 background following can be best understood. 'Q. In Finnish Hall anywhere else you attend meetings? A. Well, if yes maybe wouldn't telling truth, because really couldn't tell way other. went there. Sometimes Communist, wasn't. It could have 10 Have States branch affiliate organization name similar name? Knowingly, haven't, no. 11 Do lawful political purpose? can't answer questions don't know. If Congress says unlawful, unlawful. isn't, isn't. got right, 12 am trying confuse you, * find out your feelings Communism. Naturally don't—Communism socialism, care party place else, anything overthrowing government violence agree it, 13 What impression do? thing heard days more work, else; violent Government, sort, anyplace always food. 14 As far know, stood during period? that, it.' 15 case all fours 140. 'solidity proof' (id., 120, 183) required severe consequences old, memory life land, lived over 50 years met. 'meaningful association' requires (355 simply established here. case, Rowoldt, association 'wholly devoid 'political' implications.' 183. 16 upon being banished court. taken character witnesses. believed Niukkanen, virtue having read same reliable own. Certainly then today' does preclude Court's review him. Apart would too meagre establish we case. 17 unanimity finders fact 119, 182) 'member' refusal asked proceedings stop declaring insubstantial deportation.' 121, 184. present should likewise barrier entry just decree. A every meaningful entire sent into exile acts reveals utterly sinister implication. Now U.S.C.A. 1251(a)(6)(C).

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