Document: 469 U.S. 105 S.Ct. 611 83 L.Ed.2d 518 UNITED STATESv.Charles Noel WOODWARD. No. 83-1947. Jan. 7, 1985. PER CURIAM. 1 On March 1, 1980, respondent Charles Woodward and his wife arrived at Los Angeles International Airport on a flight from Brazil. In passing through Customs, was handed the usual form that included following question: 2 "Are you or any family member carrying over $5,000 (or equivalent value in currency) monetary instruments such as coin, currency, traveler's checks, money orders, negotiable bearer form?" 3 Respondent checked "no" box. 4 After questioning for brief period, customs officials decided to search wife. As he being escorted room, told an official were $20,000 cash. removed approximately $12,000 boot; another $10,000 found makeshift belt concealed under wife's clothing. 5 indicted charges of making false statement agency United States, 18 U.S.C. § 1001,1 willfully failing report excess into 84 Stat. 1121, 1122, 31 §§ 1058, 1101 (1976 ed.).2 The same conduct— answering question whether more than country—formed basis each count. A jury convicted both charges; received sentence six months prison count, consecutive 3-year term probation currency reporting During proceedings District Court, never asserted Congress did not intend permit cumulative punishment conduct violating statutes. 6 States Court Appeals Ninth Circuit, after inviting briefs subject, held respondent's could be punished 1001 ed.). See 726 F.2d 1320 (1983). court applied rule statutory construction contained Blockburger v. 284 299, 304, 52 180, 182, 76 L.Ed. 306 (1932)—" 'whether provision requires proof fact which other does not' "—and felony lesser offense misdemeanor. F.2d, 1323. words, every violation statute necessarily entails law.3 reasoned willful failure file required is concealment prohibited by 1001. Concluding presumably intended someone position only misdemeanor, reversed conviction statement. 1327. 7 plainly misapplied determining punishment; include offense. Section proscribes nondisclosure material if "conceal[ed] . trick, scheme, device," (Emphasis added.)4 person could, without employing "trick, simply fail disclosure report. traveler who enters country passes Customs prepared answer questions truthfully, but asked might nonetheless subject 1058 ed.) transporting filing However, because conceal means (and make statement) would fall within 1001.5 8 There no evidence allow separate two different offenses. generally Albernaz 450 333, 340, 101 1137, 1142, 67 275 (1981); Missouri Hunter, 459 359, 367, 103 673, 678, 74 535 Sections enacted 1970 part Currency Foreign Transactions Reporting Act, Pub.L. 91-508, Tit. II, 1118 et seq. 203(k) Act expressly provided: 9 "For purposes section title 18, Code, contents reports this are statements representations matters jurisdiction States." 1052(k) ed.).6 10 It clear law, Congress' attention drawn 1001, time it suggest statutes together. We cannot assume, therefore, unaware had created offenses permitting multiple conduct. Albernaz, supra, U.S., 341-342, S.Ct., 1143-44. 11 Finally, intent shown "are directed evils." 343, 1144. develop records "have high degree usefulness criminal, tax, regulatory investigations." 1051 statute, hand, designed "to protect authorized functions governmental departments agencies perversion result deceptive practices described." Gilliland, 312 86, 93, 61 518, 522, 85 598 (1941). 12 All guides legislative reveal punishable Accordingly, petition writ certiorari granted, Appeals' judgment reversing reversed. 13 so ordered. Title provides: "Whoever, matter department knowingly falsifies, conceals covers up device fact, makes false, fictitious fraudulent representations, uses writing document knowing contain entry, shall fined imprisoned five years, both." 1101(a) provides pertinent part: "Except provided subsection (c) section, whoever, principal, agent, bailee, agent knowingly— "(1) transports causes transported instruments— "(A) place outside "(B) "(2) receives termination their transportation amount exceeding one occasion accordance with (b) section." "Whoever violates chapter regulation $1,000, year, recently recodified substantive change 5322(a) 5316. 97-258, 96 877 converse clearly true; ed.), involve Woodward's case, Government have prove existence device. charged made form. This type affirmative misrepresentation proscribed even accompanied London, 550 206, 213 (CA5 1977) (§ "affirmative act concealed"). When 1982, eliminated "[u]nnecessary" "Section applies unless otherwise provided." H.R.Rep. 97-651, p. 301 (1982), U.S.Code Cong. & Admin.News 1895, 2195.

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