Document: 433 U.S. 676 97 S.Ct. 2909 53 L.Ed.2d 1048 James Junior FINCHv.UNITED STATES. No. 76-1206. June 29, 1977. PER CURIAM. 1 In an information filed in the United States District Court for of Montana, petitioner was charged with knowingly fishing on a portion Big Horn River Montana reserved use by Crow Indians, violation 18 U.S.C. § 1165. The case submitted to agreed statement facts, which showed that had cast his lure into river while standing land owned State within exterior boundaries Reservation. After considering stipulated facts and reviewing applicable treaties, court dismissed failure state offense. 395 F.Supp. 205 (1975). 2 On Government's appeal, Appeals Ninth Circuit reversed. 548 F.2d 822 (1976). held appeal permissible under 3731 Double Jeopardy Clause because, as v. Wilson, 420 332, 95 1013, 43 232 (1975), no further factual proceedings would be required event its legal conclusions were found erroneous: 3 'Here, it is easy separate resolutions from determinations law. No additional must determine whether stipulation supports conviction defendant. only determination made one.' F.2d, at 827. 4 merits, viewed pertinent treaties differently violated 1165 'by willfully without lawful authority or permission tribe.' 835. directed entry judgment conviction. 5 We think jurisdiction entertain appeal. When information, jeopardy attached, see Serfass States, 377, 388, 1055, 1062, 265 but formal finding guilt innocence been entered, Jenkins, 358, 1006, 250 (1975); Lee 432 23, 28 n. 4, 29 7, 2141, 2145 80. these circumstances, holding Wilson inapposite. A successful Government 'would not justify reversal instructions reinstate general guilt: there such finding, form substance, reinstate.' supra, U.S., 368, S.Ct., 1012. Absent plea guilty nolo contendere, Fed.Rule Crim.Proc. 11, verdict trial necessary predicate See Rule 23(c). Because dismissal granted prior any declaration innocence, 'on ground, correct not, defendant simply cannot convicted offense charged,' Lee, 30, 2146, we hold barred Clause. 6 grant petition certiorari, vacate Appeals, remand directions dismissed. 7 It so ordered. 8 Mr. Justice STEVENS certiorari set oral argument. 9 REHNQUIST, whom THE CHIEF JUSTICE joins, dissenting. 10 I dissent summary disposition this two reasons. first assumption, both Court, respondent sumit issue 'agreed facts' means clear Judge Battin's principal opinion case, 205. My second reason disagreeing has never passed claim double where issues rather than jury after hearing witnesses. While am prepared say Court's decision involved here wrong, sufficiently conviced right either argument briefing merits. 11 states '(t)he facts,' '(a)fter offense.' put matter much same way. Implicit submission waiver petitioner's consent district decide innocence. however, points. That way: 12 'On 14, 1974, motion dismiss said information. parties extensive wellconsidered memoranda September 1974 order wherein denied noted sufficient face. An Agreed Statement Facts law have filed. Additionally, counsel Tribe Indians Department Fish Game, appeared herein amici curiae. 13 'After thorough review file, compelled reconsider my dated defendant's dismiss. conclude face several reasons.' Id., 207. 14 inconsistent agreement submit innoncence neither reconsideration previously denied. This uncertainty, unless somehow clarified, lead me deny render advisory what may important question. 15 proceeding hypothesis well sufficiency decided attached. therefore proceeded inquire require determinations, constitute instead governed 16 agree Appeals' alignment Jenkins conclusory gave too little attention ways differs Wilson. But do opposite result obvious warrant disposition. deciding question poses, can ignore three decisions intervened since Jenkins-Wilson-Serfass (Serfass (1975)) trilogy years ago. Dinitz, 424 600, 96 1075, 47 267 (1976), qualified 'manifest necessity' requirement Perez, Wheat. 579 (1824), mistrial request Its stress absence prosecutorial overraching misconduct, way trilogy, nonetheless emphasized more balancing fairness test sort 'bright line' distinctions forth Jenkins. Martin Linen Supply Co., 430 564, 1349, 51 642 (1977), 80 likewise read terms 'double values' strict Wilson-Jenkins distinction. 17 If some shift emphasis cases Term, seems factually distingishes factor weighed against jeopardy. bars repeated prosecutions reduce possibility innocent man will finally convicted, avoid subjecting defendants 'to embarrassment, expense ordeal compelling (them) live continuing anxiety insecurity . ..' Green 355 184, 187-188, 78 221, 223, 299 (1957). Jorn, 400 470, 479, 91 547, 554, 27 543 (1971). Since if right, are issue, embarrassment absent, normally full-scale retrial calling witnesses sides avoided. uncertainties entirely unrelated questions involved. involving claims witnesses, occasion pass when attaches situation. Assuming procedural history judge. believe controlled raises straightforward suggested feels should briefed argued.

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