[ { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: As with other settler colonies, Aotearoa New Zealand has seen a long-running conflict between a Euro-centric 'master narrative' of the historical past and Indigenous counter-narratives. Previous research on these narrative struggles adopts the 'top-down' perspective on collective remembering, focusing primarily on how memory entrepreneurs deploy cultural texts and practices to construct particular representations of history. To broaden the methodological scope, the analysis developed in this paper follows the 'bottom-up' approach, which makes it possible to map the distribution of collective memories across individuals and investigate their attitudinal effects. By means of a rigorous survey study (N = 1,066), the paper reveals three key findings about collective remembering in Aotearoa New Zealand. First, individuals in the 'critical years' of adolescence are more open to weaving Indigenous Maori perspectives into their understandings of history than older generations. Second, when compared to the monocultural master narrative, historical reconstructions that reflect Maori experiences promote a more inclusive understanding of national identity and generate public support for redressing historical injustices against Maori. Third, the empirical analysis finds no evidence for claims made by conservative political actors that creating space for the articulation of Maori histories perpetuates social division and weakens popular identification with the nation.", "output": "Settler memory and Indigenous counter-memories: narrative struggles over the history of colonialism in Aotearoa New Zealand", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is a major climate variability mode that substantially influences weather extremes and climate patterns worldwide. However, the response of IOD variability to anthropogenic global warming remains highly uncertain. The latest IPCC Sixth Assessment Report concluded that human influences on IOD variability are not robustly detected in observations and twenty-first century climate-model projections. Here, using millennial-length climate simulations, we disentangle forced response and internal variability in IOD change and show that greenhouse warming robustly suppresses IOD variability. On a century time scale, internal variability overwhelms the forced change in IOD, leading to a widespread response in IOD variability. This masking effect is mainly caused by a remote influence of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. However, on a millennial time scale, nearly all climate models show a long-term weakening trend in IOD variability by greenhouse warming. Our results provide compelling evidence for a human influence on the IOD.This study shows that the variability of the Indian Ocean Dipole robustly weakens due to long-term warming. The findings provide compelling evidence for an anthropogenic influence on the Indian Ocean Dipole intensity.", "output": "Decreased Indian Ocean Dipole variability under prolonged greenhouse warming", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Epistemic reliabilism holds that a belief is justified if and only if it is produced by a reliable or truth-conducive process. I argue that reliabilism offers an epistemology for bounded rationality. This latter concept refers to normative and descriptive accounts of real-world reasoning instead of some ideal reasoning. However, as initially formulated, reliabilism involves an absolute, context-independent assessment of rationality that does not do justice to the fact that several processes are reliable in some reasoning environments but not in others, as is widely reported in the cognitive sciences literature. I consider possible solutions to this problem. Resorting to 'normality reliabilism', a variant of the theory, is one; but I find it insufficient. Therefore, in addition, I propose to relativise the reliability assessment to reasoning environments. This novel version of reliabilism fits bounded rationality better than the original one does.", "output": "Reliabilist epistemology meets bounded rationality", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: In the frame of the Venezia2021 project the private 'Byzantine house' designed by Giuseppe Torres in 1905 was chosen as the emblematic architectural site which marks Venice's transition towards modernity, requiring study of its conservation in the lagoon environment of the city of Venice. In conjunction with the definition of a specific Path of Knowledge of the ground floor, a series of stone and lithoid materials as well as their related deterioration products from the interior rooms were sampled for analysis. The investigations covered a wide range of materials (plasters, mortars, natural and artificial stones, bricks, glass and finishings). They were carried out by means of a multi-analytical approach comprising SEM-EDX and optical microscopy; XRPD; XRF, ion chromatography; and Raman and infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. The stones identified are linked to the Venetian architectural tradition (Euganean trachyte and Istrian stone). The sands in the mortars are mainly of regional origin and the glass is compatible with traditional Venetian (Murano) recipes. Of particular interest is the presence of an intonachino charged with ground fluorite. The deterioration products are linked to the extensive and intense phenomenon of capillary rising damp and efflorescence deposition induced by the lagoon environment.", "output": "Giuseppe Torres's 'Byzantine House' in Venice: Building Materials and Deterioration Products of an Early 1900s Home in the Lagoon Environment", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This article reports on research focused on a visual arts education course offered during a primary teacher training in Chile. It was driven by the increasing cultural diversity in Chilean schools, the potential of art education to respond to this context and the limited space that this field has in the national curriculum, an issue that is replicated in most teachers' training programmes. Intercultural and students' cultural funds of knowledge theories informed a framework that was implemented in the investigated course to strengthen pre-service teachers' cultural identity and the adoption of culturally inclusive practices. Through focus groups with the students and analysis of their visual journals, the research explored whether the course impacted their perception of visual arts education, and their cultural identities. Through a/r/tography, an arts-based methodology that articulates art, research and education, the study presents the students' voices and imagery, testimonies that contributed to reassess the space given to art education in primary schools and teacher training programmes.", "output": "The Potential of Visual Arts Education: Strengthening Pre-Service Primary Teachers' Cultural Identity", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Objective and importance of study: Overweight and obesity are the second leading risk factors for death and non-communicable disease in Australia. This study aimed to examine the Australian Federal Government funding landscape for population-level obesity prevention from 2013 to 2022.STUDY TYPE: A retrospective analysis and narrative synthesis of publicly available data on obesity prevention funding from the Federal Government and major federally funded Australian research organisations.METHODS: Searches were conducted of Australian Federal Government Budget documents and funding announcements from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australian Research Council (ARC) and Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF). Funding allocations targeting obesity prevention, or the prevention of risk factors associated with obesity, were included. These were determined by the presence of keywords related to obesity, unhealthy diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Data were extracted verbatim, coded and narratively synthesised by funding source.RESULTS: From 2013 to 2022, 186 funding allocations for obesity prevention in Australia were identified, totalling approximately A$778 million. The proportion of funding allocated to obesity prevention compared to the total annual budget of each funding source was relatively low: NHMRC = 1.1%; ARC = 0.2%; MRFF = 0.8%; Federal Government = 0.1% (of health budget). Funding for obesity prevention initiatives fluctuated over time.CONCLUSIONS: Findings underscore the need for strategic and ongoing funding allocation to support obesity prevention research, implementation and sustainment of evidence-based obesity prevention initiatives in Australia.", "output": "How much is invested in obesity prevention in Australia? An analysis of major research and Federal Government funding, 2013-2022.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, highly aggressive cutaneous malignancy. Immunosuppression increases the risk of MCC and is associated with poor prognosis. Organ transplant recipients (OTR) have worse overall survival (OS) than patients with immunosuppression due to other causes. Treating MCC after organ transplantation is challenging, as checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy, the standard of care for treating MCC, increases the risk of transplant rejection. This paper reviews the cases of two simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant (SPKT) recipients with MCC and explores the role of immunosuppression in the development of MCC. Immunosuppression was discontinued and checkpoint inhibitor therapy was initiated in the first patient and considered by the second patient. In both cases, treatment failed, and the patients died shortly after developing metastatic MCC. These cases illustrate the need for improved multidisciplinary treatment regimens for MCC in OTRs. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(5):376-377. doi:10.36849/JDD.8234 .", "output": "Metastatic Merkel Cell Carcinoma After Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation: Fatal Outcomes.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Background The prevalence of depression in medical students was greater than in the general population. Knowing of predictive factors for depression among medical students is useful. The objectives of this study included the assessment of personality traits as well as the association between the personality traits and the presence of symptoms of depression, and suicidal ideation among medical students covering several regions of Thailand.Methods From April to July 2023, a cross-section study was conducted. The participants included first to sixth-year medical students studying at three Faculties of Medicine in Thailand; Prince of Songkla University; Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University; and Chiang Mai University. Using the online process, the questionnaires were composed of three sections; demographic data; the International Personality Item Pool-NEO (IPIP-NEO), Thai version; and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Thai version. Demographics, personality traits, depression, and suicidal ideation were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results were presented as frequency, mean, and standard deviation (SD) or median and interquartile range (IQR). The association between independent variables and the presence of depression was identified using binary logistic regression analysis, and the association with suicidal ideation was identified using ordinal logistic regression analysis.Results The 868 medical students participated in this study. Most of them were female (63.5%), Buddhist (82.0%), and first-year medical students (31.8%). The mean age (SD) was 20.8 (2.2) years, and the mean cumulative Grade Point Average (SD) was 3.5 (0.4). They reported the median (IQR) score of PHQ-9 as 6.0 (3.0-9.0), 238 participants (27.4%) presented with depression, and 138 (15.9%) participants reported suicidal ideation. According to the IPIP-NEO, participants with depression or suicidal ideation had higher Neuroticism scores and lower Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness scores compared to those without such issues. An increase in the Neuroticism score was linked to higher odds of depression, while an increase in the Conscientiousness score was associated with lower odds of depression. Suicidal ideation significantly increased with higher Neuroticism scores and the presence of a psychiatric illness.Conclusions More than a quarter of Thai medical students reported depression. A higher Neuroticism and lower Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness scores related to depression. Therefore, medical schools may benefit from knowing medical students' personality traits, to identify coping mechanisms and predict those at a higher risk of developing depression in the future.", "output": "The personality traits with depression and suicidal ideation among Thai medical students: a university-based multiregional study", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The present proposed volume takes as its fulcrum the concept of gender, and in its most simple iteration asks: What happens when, we - that is, the varied individuals and communities who take a vested interest in the collections housed by ethnographic museums - think more deliberately from the objects in our museums? How might we theorize gender in ways that allow us to think our relationships to each other in Povinelli's (2011) 'otherwise' ways? Ultimately this volume brings together cutting-edge thinking in gender studies, material culture, and museum practice, centering the lens on the ethnographic as a critical category of analysis that continues to regiment how we organize the very collections in our museums.", "output": "Rethinking gender from the ethnographic museum. Introduction to the special issue", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Purpose To compare the details, oncologists include in discharge letters with what home care physicians need. Although discharge letters are important to share patients' information for home palliative care, few studies have compared the details, especially patients' emotions, regarding what oncologists include in discharge letters and home care physicians' needs. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted by sending anonymous, self-administered questionnaires to 500 certified oncologists (OCs) and 500 directors of home care supporting clinics (HCs) in Japan between March and May 2023. The survey considered 20 potential items found in discharge letters, and compared rates of OCs including these items and HCs needs. Results Of 310 valid responses, 186 were from OCs (average age: 47.7; 29 females) and 124 from HCs (average age: 55.4; 9 females). Major items with lower inclusion rates for OCs included patients' emotions regarding medical conditions (58.4% in OCs vs. 92.6% in HCs, p < 0.001), families' emotions regarding medical conditions (60.0 vs. 92.6%, respectively, p < 0.001), patients' perceptions regarding medical conditions (84.9 vs. 94.3%, respectively, p = 0.011), families' perceptions regarding medical conditions (84.3 vs. 95.1%, respectively, p = 0.004), and potential late-onset treatment-related adverse events (79.3 vs. 92.6%, respectively, p = 0.002). Conversely, OCs included patients' activities of daily living more frequently (96.2 vs. 90.2%, respectively, p = 0.031). Conclusion Transitioning to home-based palliative care may necessitate accurate information and consideration of patients' and families' perceptions and emotions regarding medical conditions in discharge letters for continuous provision of high-quality care.", "output": "Differences in discharge letter content: oncologists' vs. home care physicians' needs", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Communicating health disparities in mass and social media has typically taken the form of comparing disease risks and outcomes between two or more social groups, a strategy known as social comparison framing. This comprehensive review examined the design and results of 17 studies from 15 peer-reviewed journal articles about the effects of social comparison framing of health disparities. Most studies focus on race-based disparities across a variety of health topics. For individual-level outcomes, social comparison tends to reduce perceived disease risks for the lower disease prevalence group while prompting negative emotions and yielding inconsistent impact on health behavioral intentions among members of the higher prevalence group. For societal-level outcomes, social comparison often has either null or polarizing effects on support for policies to address these disparities that vary by racial identity/attitudes of the respondents. Studies also find that racial comparisons trigger lower levels of support for policy remedies relative to economic, educational, or geographic comparisons. We conclude that social comparison framing of health disparities, in the absence of broader discussion of the social and structural causes of these disparities, is more likely to incur negative consequences. We propose several possible strategies to communicate health disparity information more effectively.", "output": "Effects of communicating health disparities using social comparison framing: A comprehensive review.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Among smart construction technologies, 3D laser scanning technology is used in a variety of applications, including progress measurement, quantity management, reverse engineering (RE), health monitoring, mechanical electronic plumbing (MEP), and so on, using point clouds data (PCD) in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) field. This technology is one of the important data acquisition technologies in construction status to perform active project management through the complete and accurate three-dimensional and visual judgment of building acts. The surveying work for setting out a building is the first step in constructing a building; the location of the building must match the design plan for a building to be sustainable. This is because, if a location deviation exceeds the permitted range, the building must be demolished and rebuilt. When this happens, sustainable construction management is impossible due to delays in the construction schedule, increased construction costs, waste generation, and so on. The purpose of this study is to investigate a case where the accuracy of setting out a building was measured in the construction stage of a building and the building layout design was modified by RE. Although the foundation construction of the case building was in progress, it was confirmed that the setting out of the building measured using a 3D laser scanner did not match with the building layout plan. Therefore, there was no legal problem even if the layout plan is modified according to the measured results, so the building layout plan was modified through RE. Consequently, it was confirmed that a case building under construction became sustainable through RE, and that sustainable construction management was possible by preventing construction schedule delays, increased construction costs, and waste generation.", "output": "Reverse Engineering of Building Layout Plan through Checking the Setting out of a Building on a Site Using 3D Laser Scanning Technology for Sustainable Building Construction: A Case Study", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The practice of forced marriage has been the subject of focussed attention over the past 15 years in Australia. The policy approach has largely centred on criminal law responses. In this paper we turn to the social safety net, supports available for those experiencing pressure to marry or in a forced marriage, and their families. We report on eight focus groups with 56 participants working in key frontline roles, drawing on their perspectives to advance our understanding of key features of the social response. We identify four key features: the first is relational; frontline workers observe that an effective social response is contingent on trusting, client-led relationships. Secondly, appropriate framing and considered language is highlighted as critical. The third and fourth features are structural considerations within a social response: Australia's migration and asylum-seeking system and the resourcing of relevant social services.", "output": "Forced Marriage in Australia: Building a Social Response with Frontline Workers", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Digital twinning is a rapidly growing area of research. Digital twins combine models and data to provide up-to-date information about the state of a system. They support reliable decision-making in fields such as structural monitoring and advanced manufacturing. The use of metrology data to update models in this way offers benefits in many areas, including metrology itself. The recent activities in digitalisation of metrology offer a great opportunity to make metrology data 'twin-friendly' and to incorporate digital twins into metrological processes. This paper discusses key features of digital twins that will inform their use in metrology and measurement, highlights the links between digital twins and virtual metrology, outlines what use metrology can make of digital twins and how metrology and measured data can support the use of digital twins, and suggests potential future developments that will maximise the benefits achieved.", "output": "Digital twins for metrology; metrology for digital twins", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This paper presents a comparative analysis of the linguistic landscapes (LL) of two distinct ethnic areas in Shin-Okubo, Japan: Koreatown and Islamic Street. By paying particular attention to the difference in the formation of the two immigrant communities, this study aims to better understand various functions of language on signage and their impact on socio-cultural interactions between immigrants and the host society. The findings reveal distinct functions of languages in the LLs, showcasing their significance to the dynamic process of immigrant community formation. In Koreatown, a major centre of Korean culture consumption among the Japanese, the symbolic use of Korean asserts authenticity and offers Japanese tourists an exotic experience. This creates a cohesive space of commodification, vitalising the area in harmony with the local host community. In contrast, Islamic Street represents a multifaceted space shaped by a diverse array of languages and scripts, reflecting its recent emergence of ethnolinguistic vitality. The LL of Islamic Street, characterised by the informational use of language that caters to the daily needs and transnational practices of immigrants, reflects and fosters their social and cultural distance from the host society.", "output": "Linguistic landscape of Shin-\u014ckubo, Tokyo: a comparative study of Koreatown and Islamic Street", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Fisheries enterprises require financing to support their production, innovation, and market expansion, but they also face various risks from the external environment. The effective prevention and mitigation of these risks is a common concern of both the government and academia. This paper aims to explore the nature and transmission mechanism of financing risk for fisheries enterprises from the perspective of dynamic capital flow and external environmental risk. Based on a literature review and expert consultation, an index system is proposed to measure the financing risk of fisheries enterprises. A complex network model is subsequently used to analyze the key risk factors and their interactions, and a risk network visualization diagram is drawn. The main findings are as follows: (1) Laws, institutions, and policies in the external environment of fisheries enterprises are the initial risk factors for the financing risk network, affecting the availability, cost, and regulation of financing sources for fisheries enterprises. (2) Market competition, corporate profitability, and financing scale are the key intermediary factors of the financing risk network, reflecting the performance, demand, and capacity of fisheries enterprises to obtain and use financing. (3) The intermediary centrality in the financing risk network of fisheries enterprises contains more information than other node characteristic parameters, indicating the importance and influence of each factor in the network structure and dynamics. This paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the nature and transmission mechanism of financing risk for fisheries enterprises and provides implications for risk management and policy-making.", "output": "Construction and analysis of the financing risk network of Chinese fisheries enterprises", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Inborn errors of immunity have been associated with reduced health-related quality of life and increased fatigue. Sleep disorders, which have been shown to contribute to fatigue and other health concerns, are prevalent in the general population, but there are limited studies evaluating these conditions in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of fatigue, sleep disturbances, and sleep-disordered breathing in adults with CVID. Patients completed 4 validated, self-administered questionnaires and a 1-night disposable home sleep apnea test. Our results demonstrated increased median Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System fatigue scores of 58.7 in patients with CVID in addition to clinically significant fatigue as measured by Fatigue Severity Scale score (median, 5.2) and overall poor sleep quality based on global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score (median, 9.0). For CVID patients who completed the home sleep apnea test, 76.9% met criteria for sleep-disordered breathing with an Apnea-Hypopnea Index score of 5 or greater. The results of our study indicate that patients with CVID may have increased rates of undiagnosed sleep disorders that may contribute to increased fatigue and reduced health-related quality of life.", "output": "Assessment of Sleep Disorders in Patients with CVID.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The rock discontinuity orientation has a significant impact on the engineering stability. This paper proposes a semi-automatic method for identifying the orientation of rock discontinuities based on 3D point clouds. First, the normal of each point is calculated by k-nearest neighbors (KNN) and least squares (LS) algorithms. Then the point normal is regarded as the input parameter and the number of joint sets can be determined by density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN). For each joint set, the point coordinate is considered as the input parameter, and DBSCAN is employed again to obtain the individual joint plane. Finally, the orientation of each joint plane is computed by LS algorithm, and the weighted mean of the orientation based on size is taken as the orientation of each joint set. The correctness of the method is verified by two standard geometric solid objects, and it is applied in real slope engineering to identify the orientation of rock discontinuities. The results are consistent with those observed in the field, and the differences with other methods are discussed. In comparison with the open source procedure DSE and the commercial software ShapeMetrix, the proposed method shows remarkable advantages in terms of precision and accuracy, and can preserve more point cloud information. This study extends the method of semi-automatic identification of rock discontinuities and can provide a reference for similar engineering.", "output": "Semi-automatic identification of rock discontinuity orientation based on 3D point clouds and its engineering application", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Health technology assessment (HTA) guidance often recommends a 3% real annual discount rate, the appropriateness of which has received limited attention. This article seeks to identify an appropriate rate for high-income countries because it can influence projected cost-effectiveness and hence resource allocation recommendations.METHODS: The author conducted 2 Pubmed.gov searches. The first sought articles on the theory for selecting a rate. The second sought HTA guidance documents.RESULTS: The first search yielded 21 articles describing 2 approaches. The Ramsey Equation sums contributions by 4 factors: pure time preference, catastrophic risk, wealth effect, and macroeconomic risk. The first 3 factors increase the discount rate because they indicate future impacts are less important, whereas the last, suggesting greater future need, decreases the discount rate. A fifth factor-project-specific risk-increases the discount rate but does not appear in the Ramsey Equation. Market interest rates represent a second approach for identifying a discount rate because they represent competing investment returns and hence opportunity costs. The second search identified HTA guidelines for 32 high-income countries. Twenty-two provide no explicit rationale for their recommended rates, 8 appeal to market interest rates, 3 to consistency, and 3 to Ramsey Equation factors.CONCLUSIONS: Declining consumption growth and real interest rates imply HTA guidance should reduce recommended discount rates to 1.5 to 2+%. This change will improve projected cost-effectiveness for therapies with long-term benefits and increase the impact of accounting for long-term drug price dynamics, including reduced prices attending loss of market exclusivity.", "output": "It Is Time to Reconsider the 3% Discount Rate.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Submissions on enforcement matters (SEMs) allow civil society members to assert that one party to a free trade agreement (FTA) is failing to enforce its domestic environmental laws. Submissions that survive every step of the SEM process result in a 'factual record' prepared by a secretariat on enforcement matters. Relying on qualitative comparative analysis and an original dataset compiling the 158 SEMs submitted under the framework of US FTAs, I investigate what conditions make submissions more likely to succeed in leading to a factual record. I find that the existence of previous submissions dealing with the same facts, submissions against developing countries, and the presence of at least one non-governmental organization as a submitter contribute to a submission's success, but only in conjunction with other conditions and for a limited number of cases. This result provides overall evidence that secretariats' decisions are unbiased by the factors examined in this paper.", "output": "Searching for a recipe for success: environmental citizen petitions under free trade agreements", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: To date, no pediatric studies have highlighted the impact of center's ventricular assist device (VAD) volumes on postimplant outcomes.METHODS: Children (age <19) enrolled in Pedimacs undergoing initial left ventricular assist device implantation from 2012 to 2020 were included. Center volume was analyzed as a continuous and categorical variable. For categorical analysis, center volumes were divided as: low volume (1-15 implants), medium volume (15-30 implants), and high volume (>30 implants) during our study period. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared by center's VAD volumes.RESULTS: Of 44 centers, 16 (36.4%) were low, 11 (25%) weremedium, and 17 (38.6%) werehigh-volume centers. Children at high-volume centers were least likely intubated, sedated, or paralyzed, and most likely ambulating preimplant (p<0.05 for all). Center's VAD volumes were not a significant risk factor for mortality postimplant when treated as a continuous or a categorical variable (p>0.05). Compared to low volume, children at high-volume centers had fewer early neurological events. Compared to medium volume, those at high-volume centers had fewer late bleeding events(p<0.05 for all). There were no significant differences in survival after an adverse event by hospital volumes (p>0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Althoughhospital volume does not affect post-VAD implant mortality, pediatric centers with higher VAD volumes have fewer patients intubated, sedated, paralyzed preimplant, and have lower adverse events. Failure to rescue was not significantly different between low, medium, and high-volume VAD centers.", "output": "Impact of center volume on outcomes after ventricular assist device implantation in pediatric patients: An analysis of the STS-Pedimacs database.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Investigate the effect of cumulative head impacts on saccade latency and errors, measured across two successive football seasons.DESIGN: Participants were acquired from a sample of convenience-one Canadian university football team. Head impacts were collected during training camp, practices, eight regular season games, and four playoff games in each season. Saccade measurements were collected at five time points-before and after training camp, at midseason, after regular season, and after playoffs.SETTING: Two seasons following players from a single USports football team during practices and games.PARTICIPANTS: Players who completed a baseline saccade measurement and a minimum of one follow-up measurement were included in the study. A total of 127 players were monitored across two competitive seasons, including 61 players who participated in both seasons.INDEPENDENT VARIABLES: Head impact measurements were collected using helmet-mounted sensors.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Saccade latency and number of errors were measured using high-speed video or electro-oculography.RESULTS: On average, each head impact increased prosaccade latency by 5.16 * 10 -3 ms (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.26 * 10 -4 -1.00 * 10 -2 , P = 0.03) and antisaccade latency by 5.74 * 10 -3 ms (95% CI, 7.18 * 10 -4 -1.06 * 10 -2 , P = 0.02). These latency increases did not decrease between the two seasons; in fact, prosaccade latencies were 23.20 ms longer (95% CI, 19.40-27.14, P < 0.001) at the second season's baseline measurement than the first. The number of saccade errors was not affected by cumulative head impacts.CONCLUSIONS: Repetitive head impacts in Canadian university football result in cumulative declines in brain function as measured by saccade performance.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Football organizations should consider implementing policies focused on reducing head impacts to improve player safety.", "output": "Effect of Repetitive Head Impacts on Saccade Performance in Canadian University Football Players.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The first comprehensive study of the cathedral's medieval stained-glass windows, supported by restoration charts, was carried out in 1959 by the art historian Jean Lafond and was the first of the collection of French works in the Corpus Vitrearum. Since that date, the publication of the inventory of ancient stained-glass windows in France, as well as other publications, have widened our knowledge of the stainedglass windows of Notre-Dame. The three medieval roses are the most important elements of Notre-Dame's glass heritage. Dating back to the 13 th century, they show evidence of the restorations carried out across the centuries. In the west rose which depicts a psychomachia, the zodiac and the Labours of the Months, only eleven of the original panels are still in place. In the north transept, the rose depicting the Virgin Mary surrounded by figures of the Old Testament is the best preserved window. The rose located in the south, which originally depicted a majestic God presiding over an assembly of saints, virgins and angels, has been substantially modified. A large number of stopgaps are observed in these three roses and are a sign of the restoration techniques used during the 18 th century. The coats of arms of Cardinal and Marshal Noailles, found in one of the choir chapels, are the two last vestiges of this period. The 18 th -century decoration was, in turn, replaced during the restoration of the cathedral by Lassus and Viollet-le-Duc. In keeping with medieval traditions, they sought to present stained-glass windows with large figures in the upper windows of the choir, narrative stained-glass windows in some chapels and grisaille stained-glass windows for the rest of the building. This project took more than ten years to accomplish and was carried out by seven glass painting workshops, chosen amongst the best of their time and assisted by a painter. To restore the missing stained-glass windows, the architects relied on the small number of written reports describing the stained-glass windows before their destruction, but also on the details of fragments remaining in the cathedral, and the stained-glass windows of other medieval buildings. In the second half of the 20 th century, the grisaille windows that had been installed in the nave in the previous century were in turn replaced with abstract windows created by Jacques Le Chevallier. Since 2019, art historians from the Glass working group have been actively committed to updating and synthesizing the historical data on all of the cathedral's stained-glass windows. Documentary research will help to guide the observation of the works and will be completed, in the case of the original stained-glass windows, with the revision of the 1959 restoration chart. The study of the 19 th -century stained-glass windows will focus on the search for archaeological models, on the quality of the materials (glass, lead, etc.) and their implementation, but also on the specificity of the painting work, and ultimately providing a better knowledge of the workshops of glass painters who worked for Notre-Dame. (c) 2022 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR).", "output": "Adapting the study of the stained-glass windows of Notre-Dame de Paris cathedral to the challenge of restoring a damaged listed building", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This article concerns the diachronic rationality norms for comparative confidence judgments, that is, judgments of the form I am at least as confident in $p$ as I am in $q$. Specifically, it identifies, characterizes, and evaluates an intuitively compelling learning rule called comparative conditionalization that specifies how agents should revise their comparative confidence judgments in the face of novel evidence.", "output": "Comparative Learning", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: We expand the theory of politician quality in electoral democracies with citizen candidates by supposing that performance while in office sends a signal to the voters about the politician's valence. Individuals live two periods and decide to become candidates when young, trading off against type-specific private wages. The valence signal increases the reelection chances of high valence incumbents (screening mechanism of reelection), and thus their expected gain from running for office (self-selection mechanism). Since self-selection improves the average quality of challengers, voters become more demanding when evaluating the incumbent's performance. This complementarity between the self-selection and the screening mechanisms may lead to multiple equilibria. We show that more difficult and/or less variable political jobs increase the politicians' quality. Conversely, societies with more wage inequality have lower quality polities. We also show that incumbency advantage blurs the screening mechanism by giving incumbents an upper-hand in electoral competition and may wipe out the positive effect of the screening mechanism on the quality of the polity.", "output": "The determinants of political selection: a citizen-candidate model with valence signaling and incumbency advantage", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, often misunderstood as a reflection of the nationalist hyper-patriotism of the Reagan Era, were in fact a crucial moment in building a neoliberal, global Los Angeles. Tracing the development of LA'84's Olympic look 'festive federalism', this article considers the ways in which organizers in fact made strenuous efforts not to associate the Games with the nation state. It argues that festive federalism - the name given to the colour scheme and iconography of LA'84 design - was more than just an Olympic look. Rather, it was a neoliberal aesthetic, a philosophy for confronting economic challenges posed by local racial contexts. Festive federalism celebrated diversity and colourblindness simultaneously and extolled the neoliberal virtues of individualism, competition, and self-reliance. In doing so, it nullified the risk posed to the Games' profitability by race-based demands in communities of colour nearby to Olympic venues. In place of race, festive federalism called for a new type of individualistic, post-racial citizen-consumer. Analyzing the application of festive federalism to the 1984 Olympic Arts Festival, this article demonstrates how culture redefined race, national identity, and history for a new, neoliberal age.", "output": "Festive Federalism: Race, Nation, and Neoliberal Aesthetics at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Representations of the slim body have traditionally been at the centre of scholarly interest in dieting culture, whereas food often remains a shadowy presence compared with more persistent themes of body discipline, slenderness and anti-fat messages. This article offers a different perspective on weight-loss dieting, placing food at the very centre of the analysis. By examining different diets in British and Scandinavian ladies' magazines from the 1890s to the 1920s, I argue that the gendering of different foods was central to the changes that weight-loss diets went through at the turn of the twentieth century, when the meat-heavy diets associated with male dieting were gradually transformed. That this process was initiated within the feminine beauty culture promoted by ladies' magazines is reinforced by the fact that weight-loss diets changed well before mainstream nutritional advice did. The empirical analysis shows that this process of feminisation tied weight-loss diets to existing, vegetarian beauty routines for a good complexion, suggesting that modern dieting culture is not only about slimming, but can be seen as a variation of a theme within beauty culture that centres around the imagined impact of different foods on the gendered body.", "output": "Where's the beef? The feminisation of weight-loss dieting in Britain and Scandinavia c.1890-1925", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: PurposeThis study aims to analyze the factors that drive or prevent interorganizational data sharing in the context of digital transformation (DT). Data sharing appears as a precondition for companies to capture emerging opportunities in supply chain management and for product-related servitization; however, there are ongoing concerns, and data are often perceived as the new oil. It is thus important to gain a better understanding of the determinants of firms' decisions.Design/methodology/approachThe authors develop an embedded case study analysis involving 16 firms within an extended supply network in the automotive industry. The authors focus on the peculiarities of the new context, as opposed to elements highlighted by research prior to the advent of the latest technologies. Abductive reasoning is applied to the theoretical foundations of the resource-based view, resource dependence theory and the complex adaptive systems perspective.FindingsData sharing is largely underpinned by factors identified prior to DT, such as data specificity, dependence dynamics and protection mechanisms and the dynamism of the business context. DT, however, can influence the extent of data sharing. New factors concern complementarities whenever data are pooled from different sources and digital platforms, as well as different forms of data ownership protection.Originality/valueThis study stresses that data sharing in the context of DT can be explained through established theoretical lenses, providing the integration of elements accounting for new technological opportunities.", "output": "The data sharing conundrum: revisiting established theory in the age of digital transformation", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This paper explores the different epistemologies that define the Professional Doctorate, paying close attention to how Postgraduate Researchers (PGRs) doing a Professional Doctorate reconcile academic and professional knowledge. Through a narrative exploration of the literature published since the first UK Professional Doctorates were awarded in 2000, the paper situates the Professional Doctorate within the confluence of the workplace, the profession and the university. From this stance, the paper explores distinct knowledge terrains between knowledge generated by Professional Doctorates in the context of application and knowledge generated in the context of disciplinary laws applied to sites of practice. The purpose of this discussion is to understand if, how and to what extent Professional Doctorates reconcile competing knowledge terrains. This study draws towards two broad conclusions. The first conclusion suggests that in the literature identified, the distinction between academic and professional epistemologies has little resonance. Instead of the dichotomous knowledge generated in the context of practice in contrast to knowledge generated in the context of disciplinary laws, Professional Doctorates were ensconced within several competing epistemologies. The literature identified focuses on impact and identity, concepts the study employs as lenses to guide a discussion. The paper thus views the process of reconciliation first through the lens of impact and then through the lens of identity. The investigation then draws a second conclusion: The epistemic landscape occupied by the Professional Doctorate is involved in a reconciliation of more significance that the putative academic and professional binary. The paper is compelled towards a diffractive re-reading of this academic-professional knowledge tension. This new reading allows a full recognition of both difference and mutual entanglement between knowledge generated in the context of practice and knowledge generated in the context of disciplinary laws.", "output": "Professional doctorates reconciling academic and professional knowledge: towards a diffractive re-reading", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This paper uses new data to study school management and productivity in India. We report five main results. First, management quality in public schools is low, and similar to 2 standard deviations below high-income countries with comparable data. Second, private schools have higher management quality, driven by much stronger people management. Third, people management quality is correlated with independent measures of teaching practice, as well as school productivity measured by student value added. Fourth, better-managed schools have lower variation in within-school teacher effectiveness and higher levels of minimum teacher effectiveness. Fifth, consistent with better people management, teacher pay in private schools is positively correlated with teacher effectiveness, whereas we find no such correlation in public schools.", "output": "Personnel Management and School Productivity: Evidence from India", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The global supply chains sustainability and viability has been severely impacted due to the emergence of black swan events such as COVID-19. Previous studies have examined how to enhance supply chain sustainability from a single internal capability perspective or an external relationship perspective, few studies have examined the combined effects of internal and external factors to enhance supply chain sustainability. To fill this research gap, this study investigates the multivariate relationship from internal capabilities and external relationships mutually complementary perspective to improve supply chain sustainability. Grounded on dynamic capabilities theory and relational view, we put forward the supply chain dynamic capability construct under the internal perspective, and relationship construct with supply chain members under the external perspective. Based on the configuration theory, 270 data from enterprises were analyzed using fsQCA (fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis), and the results shows that: first, there is no necessary condition for generating high supply chain sustainability, which means that individual factors do not lead to high supply chain sustainability; second, this study identified two paths to achieve high supply chain sustainability: capability-driven and relationship-driven, which reflects the multiple paths and complex mechanisms to achieve high supply chain sustainability; third, this study finds the important role of supply chain dynamic reconfiguring capability in forming high supply chain sustainability. These results can provide some theoretical guidance for enterprises to improve supply chain sustainability and achieve high quality economic development.", "output": "Exploring the drivers of supply chain sustainability: An internal and external configuration perspective", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This article proposes a hierarchical collaborative reactive power and voltage control method aimed at meeting the internal voltage requirements of a coupled system composed of centralized new energy stations such as wind and solar power and traditional thermal power units, with particular attention paid to the reactive power regulation ability of power units in new energy stations. This method is implemented in two layers: At the transmission layer, the overall reactive power compensation capacity of thermal power units and stations on the transmission lines within the system is determined according to the engineering requirements of different node voltages in the coupled system, the regulation voltages of the high-voltage grid-connected points and the point of common coupling (PCC) of the stations are found, and the actual regulation voltages of the PCCs of the stations are given as commands. At the station layer, based on determining reactive power distribution between power units and continuous reactive power compensation devices within each station, voltage optimization is carried out using the voltage command issued by the transmission layer as a reference. At the same time, consistency coordination between the transmission layer and the station layer is achieved based on the Analytical Target Cascading (ATC) method at different layers. Finally, simulation analysis was conducted on a regional coupled system in Dalian. The results showed that the method proposed in this paper can effectively control the voltage safety requirements of each region and PCC in the coupled system and, to some extent, improve the economic efficiency of system operation.", "output": "Collaborative Control of Reactive Power and Voltage in a Coupled System Considering the Available Reactive Power Margin", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: In many countries around the world, individualised budgets are replacing 'block funding' as the primary way in which disability service provision is funded. These models assume that dynamics of competition improve services for people with disabilities. This article presents the findings of research on the accessibility and inclusiveness of mainstream services for people with intellectual disabilities in four Australian cities in the wake of the rollout of individual support budgets. We use the concept of 'repair' and the conceptual framework of 'landscapes of care and support' to analyse interviews with mainstream service managers. Our findings reveal that not-for-profit organisations perform crucial tasks in persuading for-profit service providers to collaborate with them to improve their accessibility and inclusion. When these services collaborate to repair service access, not-for-profit organisations often take on associated responsibility, costs and risk to encourage reparative adjustments in for-profit services. Not-for-profit organisations are also more likely to be tasked with the relational and interpersonal work that is crucial for successful service repair. Our findings challenge assumptions that free-market competition is the main driver of more accessible and inclusive service delivery and suggest how policy can support more equitable collaborative repair work.Dans de nombreux pays autour du monde, le financement individualis & eacute; est en train de devenir le syst & egrave;me principal pour les services destin & eacute;s aux personnes en situation de handicap, repla & ccedil;ant ainsi le financement global. Ce mod & egrave;le repose sur l'assomption que les dynamiques de la comp & eacute;tition vont am & eacute;liorer le soutien aux personnes handicap & eacute;es. Cet article pr & eacute;sente les r & eacute;sultats d'une & eacute;tude sur l'accessibilit & eacute; et l'inclusion des services de base pour les personnes en situation de handicap mental dans quatre grandes villes australiennes pendant le d & eacute;ploiement du financement individualis & eacute;. Nous nous servons du concept de << r & eacute;paration >> et de la structure conceptuelle de << panoramas de soins et de soutien >> pour analyser les entretiens avec les responsables des services g & eacute;n & eacute;raux. Nos observations r & eacute;v & egrave;lent que les organizations & agrave; but non lucratif accomplissent une t & acirc;che essentielle en persuadant celles & agrave; but lucratif de collaborer pour am & eacute;liorer leur accessibilit & eacute; et leur inclusion. Quand ces services travaillent ensemble pour r & eacute;parer l'acc & egrave;s aux prestations, les organizations & agrave; but non lucratif prennent souvent en charge les responsabilit & eacute;s, les frais et les risques r & eacute;sultants afin d'encourager les ajustements rectificatifs chez les prestations & agrave; but lucratif. Elles sont aussi plus susceptibles de se retrouver charg & eacute;es du travail relationnel et interpersonnel qui est essentiel pour le succ & egrave;s de la r & eacute;paration. Nos observations remettent en question l'id & eacute;e re & ccedil;ue que la libre concurrence est le principal facteur pour des prestations de services plus accessibles et plus inclusifs. Elles sugg & egrave;rent aussi des moyens par lesquels les strat & eacute;gies peuvent soutenir des travaux de r & eacute;paration collaboratifs plus & eacute;quitables.Enmuchos pa & iacute;ses del mundo, los presupuestos individualizados est & aacute;nreemplazando la financiaci & oacute;n en bloque como la forma principalen que se prestan los servicios para la discapacidad. Estos modelossuponen que la din & aacute;mica de la competencia mejora los servicios paralas personas con discapacidad. Este art & iacute;culo presenta los resultadosde una investigaci & oacute;n sobre la accesibilidad y la inclusi & oacute;n de losservicios generales para personas con discapacidad intelectual encuatro ciudades australianas tras la implementaci & oacute;n de presupuestosde apoyo individuales. Utilizamos el concepto de reparaci & oacute;n yel marco conceptual de paisajes de atenci & oacute;n y apoyo paraanalizar entrevistas con administradores de servicios convencionales.Nuestros hallazgos revelan que las organizaciones sin fines de lucrorealizan tareas cruciales para persuadir a los proveedores deservicios con fines de lucro a colaborar con ellos para mejorar suaccesibilidad e inclusi & oacute;n. Cuando estos servicios colaboran parareparar el acceso a los servicios, las organizaciones sin fines delucro a menudo asumen responsabilidades, costos y riesgos asociadospara fomentar ajustes reparativos en los servicios con fines delucro. Tambi & eacute;n es m & aacute;s probable que las organizaciones sin fines delucro tengan la tarea de realizar el trabajo relacional einterpersonal que es crucial para una reparaci & oacute;n exitosa delservicio. Nuestros hallazgos cuestionan los supuestos de que lacompetencia del libre mercado es el principal impulsor de unaprestaci & oacute;n de servicios m & aacute;s accesible e inclusiva y sugieren c & oacute;molas pol & iacute;ticas pueden respaldar un trabajo de reparaci & oacute;ncolaborativo m & aacute;s equitativo.", "output": "Repairing disability access in competitive environments: drivers of inclusive service provision for people with intellectual disabilities", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The carbon neutrality agenda requires that carbon lock -in enters an endgame. A well -developed energy system, which is secure, equitable, and sustainable is paramount to getting rid of carbon lock -in and realizing decarbonization. We carry out systematic research to empirically study the possible carbon lock -in reduction effect of energy trilemma based on the instrumental variable -generalized method of moment (IV-GMM) model. We also detect heterogeneous effects in terms of geographical locations and endowments of capital, as well as the impact mechanisms. Moreover, this paper highlights the mediating and threshold role of environmental regulation. We thus get the following conclusions. (1) The paper's primary findings underscore that the continuous increase of energy trilemma exacerbates carbon lock -in and hampers the process of decarbonization; (2) Energy trilemma has a higher stimulating effect on carbon lock -in in provinces that lie in the central region and that have a comparatively low level of physical, social, and human capital; (3) Energy trilemma can also indirectly aggravate carbon lock -in by inhibiting technology innovation and exacerbating carbon emissions intensity; (4) The interaction of environmental regulation and energy trilemma can alleviate the energy trilemma - carbon lock -in nexus, and environmental regulation also shows a significant threshold effect.", "output": "Carbon lock-in endgame: Can energy trilemma eradication contribute to decarbonization?", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: In recent years, some kiln sites from Shang and Zhou dynasties have been excavated in Fujian province in southeastern China, and substantial high-quality ceramic shards were unearthed. The research conducted by archaeologists indicates that these shards are likely the earliest high-fired ceramic products in this area, characterised by unique appearance features and are therefore valuable for exploring the development and manufacture of early high-fired ceramics in Fujian. In this study, we gathered some proto-celadon and stamped stoneware shards from three kiln sites dating back to the Shang and Western Zhou dynasties. We analysed the chemical composition of the ceramic body and glaze, firing temperature, and mineral phase to investigate the selection of raw materials, firing, and glazing technology of these early ceramic products. The results indicate that the bodies of these high-fired ceramic shards were made of locally weathered porcelain stone, and the glazes are lime glaze. During the Western Zhou dynasty, the potter utilised different raw materials for proto-celadon and stamped stoneware, which was not the case during the Shang Dynasty. The firing temperatures of the majority of shards exceeded 1,000 degrees C, and the bodies had been completed phase transformation.", "output": "Study of the manufacture of high-fired ceramics from Fujian (China) during the Shang and Zhou dynasties", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This letter proposes a prior information-assisted (PIA) point cloud segmentation network that can be effectively applied to point cloud segmentation applications in human-robot interaction scenario. The joint angles of the robots are used as prior information, which is fed into the network as an additional input in the form of a vector along with the actual point cloud of the target scene. The PIA network incorporates a point cloud generation network and a simulation-assisted segmentation network. Based on the joint angles of the robots, the generation network generates a point cloud for a simulated scene without people or obstacles. Several new loss functions are proposed to train the point cloud generation network. The simulation-assisted segmentation network extracts and compares the features of the actual point cloud with those of the simulated point cloud and segments the actual point cloud. Experiments conducted on a homemade point cloud dataset involving an industrial scene demonstrate that the proposed approach can achieve significantly improved segmentation performance and network robustness.", "output": "Prior Information-Assisted Neural Network for Point Cloud Segmentation in Human-Robot Interaction Scenarios", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Using prisoner height data, Moreno-Lazaro (2023) claims that Puerto Rican living standards declined after US annexation and stagnated for decades. This conclusion is not supported by the prisoner data and is inconsistent with other welfare measures that show dramatic improvement, such as per capita GDP, life expectancy, and literacy.", "output": "A comment on Height and the standard of living in Puerto Rico from the Spanish Enlightenment to annexation by the United States, 1770-1924.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Does landholding inequality undermine democratization? Recent contributions have challenged the argument that landholding elites oppose suffrage extension if geographically fixed assets are unequally distributed. We advance research on this long-standing question by exploiting exogenous variance to reinvestigate the relationship. Using multiple instruments, we find that landholding inequality decreases support for suffrage extension. By focusing on traditional patterns of social control, we explore an empirically neglected mechanism linking landholding inequality and democratization. Taking advantage of four direct democratic votes between 1866 and 1877 in Switzerland, we demonstrate that landholding inequality also influences the political preferences of ordinary citizens who do not control these resources. This paper shows that high levels of landholding inequality provide local elites with the incentive and the means to align the local population's voting behaviour with their political goals. Supplementary analyses using qualitative and quantitative data further substantiate this social control mechanism.", "output": "Landholding Inequality, Social Control, and Mass Opposition to Suffrage Extension", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Recent studies on brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) implemented in robotic systems have shown that the system's effectiveness in assisting individuals with movement disorders to enhance their human-computer interaction skills. However, achieving precise and rapid online completion of tasks remains a challenge for manipulators with multiple degrees of freedom (DOFs). In this paper, we explore a time-sharing control strategy for studying motion control of a robotic arm based on steady-state visual evoked potentials. The signals are generated by the joint frequency-phase modulation method, analyzed with the filter-bank canonical correlation analysis algorithm, and identified to control the six-DOF robotic arm for task execution. The shared control strategy not only reduces user's cognitive fatigue but also enhances system in practical environments. The use of high-frequency stimuli significantly improves user comfort, and hybrid coding increases the universality of the BCI system. Additionally, by setting multiple locations and actions randomly, the robotic arm can adaptively program the optimal path. The online results showed that BCI instructions of the proposed system could be accurately chosen from six options within 6.45 s. Subjects used an average of 12 commands for the robotic arm to achieve the proposed task with an average accuracy of 98.21%. These findings validate the feasibility and effectiveness of applying the system to robotic control. The control strategy proposed in this study exhibits versatility in controlling robots to perform various complex tasks across different domains.", "output": "Control of the robotic arm system with an SSVEP-based BCI", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The east limb of the Ross Gyre approaches the western Amundsen Sea, thereby exerting an influence on the surface circulation dynamics. This study investigates the impact of the zonal movement of the eastern boundary of the Ross Gyre on the surrounding surface geostrophic circulation in January. Specifically, a zonal shift of the eastern boundary of the Ross Gyre induces a substantial shelf-basin circulation within the Amundsen Sea. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the influence of the Ross Gyre on the exchange processes between the Amundsen Sea shelf and basin.", "output": "Impact of Ross Gyre on surface circulation in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Fast person re-identification (ReID) aims to search person images quickly and accurately. The main idea of recent fast ReID methods is the hashing algorithm, which learns compact binary codes and performs fast Hamming distance and counting sort. However, a very long code is needed for high accuracy (e.g., 2048), which compromises search speed. In this work, we introduce a new solution for fast ReID by formulating a novel Coarse-to-Fine (CtF) hashing code search strategy, which complementarily uses short and long codes, achieving both faster speed and better accuracy. It uses shorter codes to coarsely rank broad matching similarities and longer codes to refine only a few top candidates for more accurate instance ReID. Specifically, we design an All-in-One (AiO) module together with a Distance Threshold Optimization (DTO) algorithm. In AiO, we simultaneously learn and enhance multiple codes of different lengths in a single model. It learns multiple codes in a pyramid structure, and encourage shorter codes to mimic longer codes by self-distillation. DTO solves a complex threshold search problem by a simple optimization process, and the balance between accuracy and speed is easily controlled by a single parameter. It formulates the optimization target as a F-beta score that can be optimised by Gaussian cumulative distribution functions. Besides, we find even short code (e.g., 32) still takes a long time under large-scale gallery due to the O(n) time complexity. To solve the problem, we propose a gallery-size-free latent-attributes-based One-Shot-Filter (OSF) strategy, that is always O(1) time complexity, to quickly filter major easy negative gallery images, Specifically, we design a Latent-Attribute-Learning (LAL) module supervised a Single-Direction-Metric (SDM) Loss. LAL is derived from principal component analysis (PCA) that keeps largest variance using shortest feature vector, meanwhile enabling batch and end-to-end learning. Every logit of a feature vector represents a meaningful attribute. SDM is carefully designed for fine-grained attribute supervision, outperforming common metrics such as Euclidean and Cosine metrics. Experimental results on 2 datasets show that CtF+OSF is not only 2% more accurate but also 5x faster than contemporary hashing ReID methods. Compared with non-hashing ReID methods, CtF is 50x faster with comparable accuracy. OSF further speeds CtF by 2x again and upto 10x in total with almost no accuracy drop.", "output": "Faster Person Re-Identification: One-Shot-Filter and Coarse-to-Fine Search", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Climate change is a major threat to global heritage and many sites are already experiencing impacts from climate change and related hazards. Recent studies have indicated that this challenge is especially acute in the African continent. Climate vulnerability assessment is increasingly a key tool in periodic reporting and ongoing site management and an essential first step in climate adaptation planning. This paper presents results from climate vulnerability assessments undertaken at two UNESCO World Heritage (WH) properties: The Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara in Tanzania; and the Sukur Cultural Landscape in Nigeria. These assessments each applied a version of the Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI), a values-based, science-driven and community-focused technique. A values mapping exercise identified key heritage and socioeconomic values, including key attributes associated with the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the WH property. Downscaled climate projections were used to identify key hazards over selected emissions scenarios and timeframes, before weighing potential impacts against local adaptive capacities. Based on the timeframes and emissions scenarios, the project found OUV Vulnerability was Moderate at the Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara and Low at the Sukur Cultural Landscape, whilst the Community Vulnerability was Low for both properties. The paper will conclude with some wider observations on the application of climate vulnerability assessments in an African context and a focus on lessons learned. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.", "output": "Values, climate change and community- Results and lessons learned from the application of the climate vulnerability index in Tanzania and Nigeria", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Argument maps represent some arguments more effectively than others. The goal of this article is to account for that variability, so that those who wish to use argument maps can do so with more foresight. I begin by identifying four properties of argument maps that make them useful tools for evaluating arguments. Then, I discuss four types of argument that are difficult to map well: reductio ad absurdum arguments, charges of equivocation, logical analogies, and mathematical arguments. The difficulties presented by these four types appear unrelated to one another, but I show that, in each case, the difficulty can be traced back to the use of metalinguistic reasoning. The need to represent a transition between object language and metalanguage can undermine one or more of the benefits that argument map representation would otherwise confer.", "output": "Some Benefits and Limitations of Modern Argument Map Representation", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Wooden shipwrecks submerged in underwater environments are susceptible to physical and biological corrosion. This study investigates the microscopic morphology and structural composition of barnacles and the wooden surface of the Yangtze Estuary II shipwreck. Analytical techniques, including optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (SEMEDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier infrared transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), were employed to analyze the corrosion processes. The findings have unveiled a distinct pattern of black corrosion, prominently concentrated within the interface region where barnacles attach to the wooden shipwreck. This corrosion primarily consists of FeS, FeS2 and Fe3 S4 and exhibits a notable tendency to expand along the wooden surface to interior region. Additionally, a striking ultraviolet fluorescence phenomenon emanates from the barnacle cement within the adhesion region of barnacles and the wooden surface. This observation has led to the hypothesis that the origin of this black corrosion is intricately linked to the barnacle cement, its role in biological corrosion, and subsequent biomineralization processes. To conclude, this study provides an intricate account of the microbial corrosion process influenced by barnacle cement in the context of the wooden shipwreck. The research findings offer valuable insights that can serve as a point of reference in identifying the sources of disease and implementing protective measures for waterlogged wooden cultural relics. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )", "output": "Barnacle attachment and its corrosion effects on the surface of the Yangtze Estuary II Shipwreck", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Science museums play an important role in science education, engaging the public with science concepts and building support for scientific research. Here, we describe Give Heart Cells a Beat, an interactive exhibit that lets museum visitors synchronize the beating of live stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to their own heart rate in real time. The beat rate of cells accurately matched the beat rate of visitors and responded dynamically to changes such as exercise. Visitor evaluation revealed that engagement with the specimen prompted curiosity in heart biology and stem cells. Give Heart Cells a Beat is the product of a close collaboration between a museum and an academic research laboratory, and to our knowledge, it is the first interactive exhibit to use live human heart cells. We hope this exhibit serves as an example for the implementation of stem cell technology in informal science education and inspires future relationships between academia and public science venues.", "output": "Give heart cells a beat: An interactive museum exhibit that synchronizes stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to visitors' heartbeat.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: At the end of the First World War, defeated European empires ceded a wealth of imperial patronage, including palaces, government buildings and offices, to newly forming states in central Europe. While we know a great deal about these property transfers, the fate of ceded property in mandates and other newly emerging sovereign spaces, such as international zones, is less well known. This article traces the ways in which central European properties were reallocated and sold in international zones, with special reference to the International Zone of Tangier. While the remains of central European imperialism in Tangier were integrated into the international administration, this process encouraged erstwhile imperial powers to vie ever harder to reclaim 'their' former property, including private property portfolios. Meanwhile, it encouraged existing imperial powers to support private property purchases in order to secure advantages in the administration. In other words, internationalization entailed widespread competition for property that is omitted from the usual accounts of these spaces. Drawing attention to this phenomenon is important as it reveals the new forms imperial rivalries took on within the international structures created after the war.", "output": "Property and the End of Empire in International Zones, 1919-1947", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: In risk and safety assessments of aviation systems, engineers generally pay more attention to the risks of hardware or software failure and focus less on the risks caused by human errors. In this paper, a (FRAHE) method is proposed for identifying this critical error type and determining the risk severity of human errors. This method accounts for the human error probability as well as the impacts of human errors on the system. The fuzzy inference approach is employed in this paper to address the uncertainty and issues of imprecision that arise from insufficient information and scarce error data and a risk assessment model of human error is developed. The model can be used to precisely describe the relationship between the output risk severity and the input risk indicators, including the human error probability, the error impact probability, and the human error consequence. A case study of the approach task is presented to demonstrate the availability and reasonability of the model. The risk-based modeling method can not only provide valuable information for reducing the occurrence of critical errors but also be used to conduct prospective analyses to prevent unsafe incidents or aviation accidents.", "output": "Flight safety assessment based on a modified human error risk quantification approach.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: Health literacy (HL) has been put forward as a potential mediator through which socioeconomic status (SES) affects health. This study explores whether HL mediates the relation between SES and a selection of health or health-related outcomes.METHODS: Data from the participants of the Belgian health interview survey 2018 aged 18 years or older were individually linked with data from the Belgian compulsory health insurance (n=8080). HL was assessed with the HLS-EU-Q6. Mediation analyses were performed with health behaviour (physical activity, diet, alcohol and tobacco consumption), health status (perceived health status, mental health status), use of medicine (purchase of antibiotics), and use of preventive care (preventive dental care, influenza vaccination, breast cancer screening) as dependent outcome variables, educational attainment and income as independent variables of interest, age and sex as potential confounders and HL as mediating variable.RESULTS: The study showed that unhealthy behaviours (except alcohol consumption), poorer health status, higher use of medicine and lower use of preventive care (except flu vaccination) were associated with low SES (i.e., low education and low income) and with insufficient HL. HL partially mediated the relationship between education and health behaviour, perceived health status and mental health status, accounting for 3.8-16.0% of the total effect. HL also constituted a pathway by which income influences health behaviour, perceived health status, mental health status and preventive dental care, with the mediation effects accounting for 2.1-10.8% of the total effect.CONCLUSIONS: Although the influence of HL in the pathway is limited, our findings suggest that strategies for improving various health-related outcomes among low SES groups should include initiatives to enhance HL in these population groups. Further research is needed to confirm our results and to better explore the mediating effects of HL.", "output": "Does health literacy mediate the relationship between socioeconomic status and health related outcomes in the Belgian adult population?", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: PURPOSE: Project Building Bridges was funded by the U.S. Department of Education Office of Special Education Programs to address the shortage of speech-language pathologists qualified to serve students with complex communication needs who benefit from augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) and are culturally and linguistically diverse. The purpose was to train future speech-language pathologists in culturally responsive AAC practices through coursework and fieldwork in AAC integrated into the Master of Science degree in Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences.METHOD: Fifty-seven graduate students completed the project. The scholars' curriculum consisted of two AAC courses, both on-campus and externship AAC clinical practicum experiences to provide services to multicultural and linguistically diverse students, a U.S. or international service-learning opportunity, and cumulative portfolio presentations.RESULTS: Mixed-methods outcome measures consisted of four sets of pre- and postsurveys and qualitative feedback from exit interviews to assess changes in graduate student competencies. Significant differences were demonstrated between scholars' pre- and post-assessments of confidence ratings. Significant differences were also demonstrated in both scholars' and school mentors' pre- and post-assessments of competency ratings. No significant differences were found between evaluations of AAC preparation by Clinical Fellowship (CF) candidates and their CF mentors at 1 year postgraduation.CONCLUSIONS: Project Building Bridges provides a framework for preparing highly qualified speech-language pathologists to serve culturally and linguistically diverse students who benefit from AAC as evidenced by pre- and postsurvey results. The project can serve as a model for other university programs in the development of preservice preparation programs focusing on culturally and linguistically diverse students with AAC needs.", "output": "Project Building Bridges: A Framework for Preparing Highly Qualified Speech-Language Pathologists to Serve Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students With Augmentative and Alternative Communication Needs.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Recent allegations that Pope John Paul II turned a blind eye to clergy sexual abuse as archbishop and pope have ignited much controversy in Poland. In this study, we utilize data from an original representative survey of Polish adults to examine predictors of defensive political reactions to these allegations. We hypothesized that national and Catholic collective narcissism (an exaggerated belief in in-group greatness that requires consistent external validation) would predict defensive attitudes in the face of the allegation, and that nonnarcissistic in-group satisfaction with national and Polish identities would be less related to defensive attitudes. Using a variety of statistical approaches, we find support for these predictions among Polish Catholics.", "output": "The Father's Love: Collective Narcissism and Defensive Reactions to Allegations about Pope John Paul II in Polish Public Opinion", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite potential links between diabetes and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), routine hearing assessments for diabetic patients are not standard practice. Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SNHL and its association with diabetes-related factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Diabetes Clinic, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan, from May to September 2021. A total of 396 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria participated after informed consent. Data collection involved a sociodemographic profile, Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument examination followed by pure-tone audiometry and laboratory tests including haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c). HL was defined using better ear four-frequency pure-tone average of \u226526dB HL and graded as per WHO criteria. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. chi2, independent t-test and multinomial logistic regression analyses were applied. P<0.05 at 95% CI was considered significant.RESULTS: Our study revealed a high prevalence of SNHL among patients with T2DM. Mild HL was seen in 55.8%, while 18.7% suffered from moderate HL. Common audiological symptoms included difficulty understanding speech in noisy surroundings (44.2%), balance problems (42.9%), sentence repetition (35.9%), tinnitus (32.3%) and differentiating consonants (31.1%). Hearing impairment predominantly affected low (0.25-0.5kHz) and high (4-8kHz) frequencies with a significant difference at 4kHz among both sexes (t (394)=2.8, p=0.004). Peripheral neuropathy was significantly associated with SNHL on multinomial logistic regression after adjusting with age, sex, body mass index and the presence of any comorbidities. Diabetes duration, HbA1c or family history of diabetes was found unrelated to SNHL severity.CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the substantial prevalence of SNHL among patients with T2DM and emphasises the importance of targeted audiological care as part of a holistic approach to diabetes management. Addressing HL early may significantly improve communication and overall quality of life.", "output": "Sensorineural hearing loss among type 2 diabetic patients and its association with peripheral neuropathy: a cross-sectional study from a lower middle-income country.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The condition assessment of Industrial Heritage machinery in operation is an open research subject of utmost importance for defining conservation and maintenance plans. The present work approaches this issue by proposing the study of Industrial Heritage machinery that includes the assessment of substrates, coatings, lubricants and operating mechanisms by applying analytical techniques currently used for heritage studies together with techniques employed in condition monitoring of modern machinery. An early 20th century steam engine from the Vale de Milhacos Gunpowder Factory (Portugal), in operation for demonstration purposes, was selected as a case study. The engine metallic alloys and coatings were studied by XRF and Raman spectroscopies, and the main properties of lubricants studied according to EN ISO and ASTM standard tests. Metallic particles present in the oil due to wear were assessed by XRF. The mechanisms were examined by gamma radiography, magnetoscopy, thermography and vibrational analysis. Data showed the use of distinct alloys according to the engine components' function similar to those reported for the same period. Green copper phthalocyanine and toluidine red identified as coatings' pigments are typical from the late 20th century and thus ascribed to a previous repair. The properties of the fresh and used lubricants are slightly different but without evidence of a significant alteration that could endanger the machine's functioning. However, the presence of metallic particles in the oil suggested the existence of wear phenomena. The engine's operating speed (51 rpm) and the vapour temperature ( approximate to 154 degrees C) attained inside the cylinder were indirectly determined. The presence of cracks on the engine structure was assessed, and possible faults that can imperil the engine functioning were analysed. The vibrational analysis of equipment in operation revealed a lack of lubrication and wear on the feed pump journal bearings. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY -NC -ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )", "output": "In full swing: Analytical strategies for the conservation assessment of operating Industrial Heritage machinery", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: SaNuRN is a five-year project by the University of Rouen Normandy (URN) and the Cote dAzur University (CAU) consortium to optimize digital health education for medical and paramedical students, professionals, and administrators. The project includes a skills framework, training modules, and teaching resources. In 2027, SaNuRN is expected to train a significant portion of the 400,000 health and paramedical professions students at the French national level. Our purpose is to give a synopsis of the SaNuRN initiative, emphasizing its novel educational methods and how they will enhance the delivery of digital health education. Our goals include showcasing SaNuRN as a comprehensive program consisting of a proficiency framework, instructional modules, and educational materials and explaining how SaNuRN is implemented in the participating academic institutions. SaNuRN is a project aimed at educating and training health-related and paramedics students in digital health. The project results from a cooperative effort between URN and CAU, covering four French departments. The project is based on the French National Referential on Digital Health (FNRDH), which defines the skills and competencies to be acquired and validated by every student in the health, paramedical, and social professions curricula. The SaNuRN team is currently adapting the existing URN and CAU syllabi to FNRDH and developing short-duration video capsules of 20 to 30 minutes to teach all the relevant material. The project aims to ensure that the largest student population earns the necessary skills, and it has developed a two-tier system involving facilitators who will enable the efficient expansion of the projects educational outreach and support the students in learning the needed material efficiently. With a focus on real-world scenarios and innovative teaching activities integrating telemedicine devices and virtual professionals, SaNuRN is committed to enabling continuous learning for healthcare professionals in clinical practice. The SaNuRN team introduced new ways of evaluating healthcare professionals by shifting from a knowledge-based to a competencies-based evaluation, aligning with the Miller teaching pyramid and using the Objective Structured Clinical Examination and Script Concordance Test in digital health education. Drawing on the expertise of URN, CAU, and their public health and digital research laboratories and partners, the SaNuRN project represents a platform for continuous innovation, including telemedicine training and living labs with virtual and interactive professional activities. The SaNuRN project provides a comprehensive, personalized 30-hour training package for health and paramedical students, addressing all 70 FNRDH competencies. The program is enhanced using AI and NLP to create virtual patients and professionals for digital healthcare simulation. SaNuRN teaching materials are open-access. The project collaborates with academic institutions worldwide to develop educational material in digital health in English and multilingual formats. SaNuRN offers a practical and persuasive training approach to meet the current digital health education requirements.", "output": "Digital Health Education for the Future: The SaNuRN (Sante Numerique Rouen-Nice) Consortium's Journey.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Between 1838 and 1849 a man repeatedly visited London claiming to be 'Louis Christophe', seeking access to money deposited in the Bank of England by his 'brother' the deceased King of Haiti, Henri Christophe. By following this impostor around London and the wider Atlantic, this article makes an important contribution to understanding of the Black presence in Britain during the early Victorian period. Alongside his interactions with the Black community, it documents how 'Louis Christophe' was able to defraud British philanthropists, the forms of racial prejudice he received during the decade, and the legacy of the Haitian Revolution.", "output": "'The Black Prince of Baker Street' and the Black Presence in Britain, 1837-1849", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The eye tracking approach has the potential to facilitate more tailored and intelligent geoapplication interactions. There is a lack of knowledge regarding how gaze interaction influences user performance (accuracy and efficiency), visual behavior, and cognitive workload in real-world map-reading settings. In this study, we adopted a low-cost eye tracker and dwell time method to implement a fundamental gaze-based map interaction: target (point, line and area) selection. We administered a comparative experiment in which 36 participants were asked to perform a series of map target selection tasks using gaze-based and mouse interactions. The results demonstrated that gaze-based map interaction is comparable to mouse in terms of overall efficiency. By evaluating the visual behavior of the participants, we found that mouse interaction exhibited heightened fixation frequency and larger saccade amplitude than gaze interaction. Although gaze-based map interaction frustrated participants more often, the overall cognitive workload was no different from that of mouse interaction. These differences between interaction modes were largely affected by task types but rarely dependent on target shapes or positions. Moreover, participants evaluated gaze interaction higher in terms of attractiveness, stimulation and novelty. These results are beneficial for map interaction researchers and developers.", "output": "Evaluating the performance of gaze interaction for map target selection", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The cleaning of re-polychromated plaster is a rather challenging task for Conservators. The optimal choice of solvents and its application instruments may depend on the original polychromy (binder and pigment) that aims to be revealed and the overlay polychromy (binder and pigment) as well. We present a new image-processing based method that uses hyperspectral imaging to obtain a non-invasive quantitative evaluation of cleaning procedures. It is based on the application of unmixing techniques for this problem. The method computes three quality indices: efficiency, destructivity, and alteration, that are based on the residual amounts of overlay pigment, the detection of excessive abrasion in the sample and the change in color that the cleaning produces. It produces as well pixel-by-pixel concentration maps and presence maps for plaster and overlay pigment, and it can self-evaluate by computing the error map comparing the modelled spectral reflectance with the measured spectral reflectance from the samples. (c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.", "output": "Unmixing-based cleaning methods evaluation for re-polychromated plasterwork", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: In the realm of autonomous mobile robots, safe navigation through unpaved outdoor environments remains a challenging task. Due to the high-dimensional nature of sensor data, extracting relevant information becomes a complex problem, which hinders adequate perception and path planning. Previous works have shown promising performances in extracting global features from full-sized images. However, they often face challenges in capturing essential local information. In this letter, we propose Crop-LSTM, which iteratively takes cropped image patches around the current robot's position and predicts the future position, orientation, and bumpiness. Our method performs local feature extraction by paying attention to corresponding image patches along the predicted robot trajectory in the 2D image plane. This enables more accurate predictions of the robot's future trajectory. With our wheeled mobile robot platform Raicart, we demonstrated the effectiveness of Crop-LSTM for point-goal navigation in an unpaved outdoor environment. Our method enabled safe and robust navigation using RGBD images in challenging unpaved outdoor terrains.", "output": "Learning Vehicle Dynamics From Cropped Image Patches for Robot Navigation in Unpaved Outdoor Terrains", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: PURPOSE: To report the indications, surgical techniques, and outcomes of repeat keratoplasty and evaluate the risk factors for graft failure in the Chinese population.METHODS: The medical records of 216 patients (243 cases) who underwent at least two keratoplasties at a leading eye hospital in southern China between 2011 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Indications and surgical procedures for repeat corneal transplantation were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to determine the graft survival rate after repeat keratoplasty. A multivariable survival model was used to assess the risk factors.RESULTS: Repeated keratoplasties increased continuously from 2011 to 2020 (P = 0.002). The most common primary indication was infectious keratitis (38.7%), and the most common reason for repeat keratoplasty was graft rejection (30.04%). Regraft techniques included penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in 165 cases (67.9%), deep lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in 52 cases (21.40%), and endothelial keratoplasty (EK) in 26 cases (10.7%). Median survival was 5.3, 6.8, and 6.4 years for PK, DALK, and EK, respectively. The 5-year survival rate was 53.5%, 66.6%, and 69.8% for PK, DALK, and EK, respectively. The median LogMAR visual acuity was 1.4 for PK, 0.75 for DALK, and 1.2 for EK at the end of the follow-up. Multivariate analysis revealed that graft rejection is a risk factor for repeat keratoplasty failure (P = 0.002).CONCLUSIONS: DALK and EK may provide better outcomes than PK in treating graft failure. Preventing and treating postoperative graft rejection may be key to improving regraft survival. These findings will aid in the management of failed corneal grafts.", "output": "Repeat corneal transplantation in Southern China: Indications, surgical technique, outcomes, and risk factors for repeat keratoplasty failure.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: Health apps are increasingly recognized as crucial tools for enhancing health care delivery. Many countries, particularly those in sub-Saharan Africa, can substantially benefit from using health apps to support self-management and thus help to achieve universal health coverage and the third sustainable development goal. However, most health apps published in app stores are of unknown or poor quality, which poses a risk to patient safety. Regulatory standards and guidance can help address this risk and promote patient safety.OBJECTIVE: This review aims to assess the regulatory standards and guidance for health apps supporting evidence-based best practices in sub-Saharan Africa with a focus on self-management.METHODS: A methodological framework for scoping reviews was applied. A search strategy was built and applied across the following databases, gray literature sources, and institutional websites: PubMed, Scopus, World Health Organization (WHO) African Index Medicus, OpenGrey, WHO Regional Office for Africa Library, ICTworks, WHO Directory of eHealth policies, HIS Strengthening Resource Center, International Telecommunication Union, Ministry of Health websites, and Google. The search covered the period between January 2005 and January 2024. The findings were analyzed using a deductive descriptive content analysis. The policy analysis framework was adapted and used to organize the findings. The Reporting Items for Stakeholder Analysis tool guided the identification and mapping of key stakeholders based on their roles in regulating health apps for self-management.RESULTS: The study included 49 documents from 31 sub-Saharan African countries. While all the documents were relevant for stakeholder identification and mapping, only 3 regulatory standards and guidance contained relevant information on regulation of health apps. These standards and guidance primarily aimed to build mutual trust; promote integration, inclusion, and equitable access to services; and address implementation issues and poor coordination. They provided guidance on systems quality, software acquisition and maintenance, security measures, data exchange, interoperability and integration, involvement of relevant stakeholders, and equitable access to services. To enhance implementation, the standards highlight that legal authority, coordination of activities, building capacity, and monitoring and evaluation are required. A number of stakeholders, including governments, regulatory bodies, funders, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, academia, and the health care community, were identified to play key roles in regulating health apps.CONCLUSIONS: Health apps have huge potential to support self-management in sub-Saharan Africa, but the lack of regulatory standards and guidance constitutes a major barrier. Hence, for these apps to be safely and effectively integrated into health care, more attention should be given to regulation. Learning from countries with effective regulations can help sub-Saharan Africa build a more robust and responsive regulatory system, ensuring the safe and beneficial use of health apps across the region.INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025714.", "output": "Regulatory Standards and Guidance for the Use of Health Apps for Self-Management in Sub-Saharan Africa: Scoping Review.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The accurate assessment of the material constitution and degradation in newly discovered archaeological artefacts is paramount for the decisions surrounding a thorough treatment of the object during the restoration and conservation stages. The laboratories possess competent experts and complex devices to perform this analysis properly. Nevertheless, a timely hint of an artificial intelligence assistant regarding the chemical composition and corrosion compound localization of a metal asset could save additional time and resources. The present paper proposes such a computational framework based on deep learning techniques that, on the base of its automatic determination of the chemical concentration of the predominant metal from a microscope image, can subsequently independently also recognize and delineate the corrosion spots of the products specific to that metal. The experiments have been performed on iron and copper heritage items from the Oltenia Museum, Romania. The results suggest that, even with an economic training information in terms of microscope images and annotations, the artificial intelligence framework can provide on-site support for an early examination of metal heritage assets.(c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.", "output": "Computational framework for the evaluation of the composition and degradation state of metal heritage assets by deep learning", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The interaction mechanisms of the underground tunnel passing through the surface structure for a short distance are complex, and there are hidden dangers, with the interaction between the two tunnels having a nonnegligible impact on the seismic performance of the structural system. To explore the interaction law of seismic response between the double tunnel and the surface structure, this study conducted a shake-table test on a surface frame structure-soil-double-tunnel interaction system with a basement, using an actual tunnel project in Zhengzhou, China, as the background. A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model of the system was established using the finite-element analysis software ABAQUS (2021) with the equivalent linear method, and the numerical model's reliability was verified by comparing with the test results. The verified numerical simulation was used to study the interaction between the structures in the system under six different prototype model cases. The research findings revealed that the tunnel's presence reduced the dynamic response of the structural system while amplifying the far-field dynamic response, and the interaction between the two tunnels increased the degree of this reduction and amplification. The frame structure reduced the soil dynamic response while amplifying the acceleration response and shear force of the tunnel. Additionally, the location of weak layers of the frame structure was influenced by the type of seismic wave inputted, while the diameter and crossing location of the tunnel had nonnegligible influences on the dynamic response of the structural system. The research results can serve as a reference to preliminarily determine the interaction laws of the seismic responses of a double-tunnel and adjacent surface frame structures.", "output": "Experimental and Numerical Study on the Seismic Response of a Surface Frame Structure-Soil-Double-Tunnel System", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The founding of Qart-Hadasht, or 'New Carthage', in 228/227 BC reaffirmed the Carthaginian presence on the Iberian Peninsula. The city would serve as its main political base and military port in the Western Mediterranean before being lost to Rome in the Second Punic War. Although the conquest was led on the ground by the Barcid family, the town's flourishing also led to an increase in the metropolis's economic and commercial activities. In this study, a total of 37 amphorae of Central Mediterranean typology and located in different Punic contexts of the town were analysed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetry (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thin-section petrography (OM). The analyses reveal that a significant number of them originated in North Africa, mainly in the area of Tunisia, though some originated from other production centres on the island of Sicily and probably Algeria. The results also confirm the existence of shared amphora types produced in different Punic production areas and workshops. Thus, the central argument here is that the arrival of containers from such diverse provenances allows us to identify the economic opportunity that this foundation represented for the metropolis as a whole and to explore how this new trade relationship was structured.", "output": "Trade dynamics between Carthage and Iberia at the end of the 3rd century BC: analytical characterisation of central mediterranean amphorae from Qart-Hadasht (Cartagena, Spain)", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Although teachers and administrators increasingly support the idea of student voice, questions remain about what student voice looks like in practice. This mixed methods study in two urban U.S. high schools explores what student voice practices in the classroom entail and how these practices relate to other pedagogical strategies. Findings reveal that student -teacher relationships, differentiated instruction, and choice serve as core building blocks for the use of student voice practices in the classroom. Findings also underscore the rarity of the student voice practices of seeking student feedback and input and engaging in collaborative decision -making with students.", "output": "The pedagogical foundations of student voice practices: The role of relationships, differentiation, and choice in supporting student voice practices in high school classrooms", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Atlantoaxial abnormalities are rarely documented among wild animals. Many defects of segmentation in the spine are hereditary in domestic species and humans. Here, we present a block vertebra in an eastern wapiti (Cervus canadensis canadensis) from the Angel Site (12Vg1) in southern Indiana (USA) dating to 1000-1400 CE. Diagnosis used macroscopic and radiographic examination. Evidence of inflammatory response and eburnation point to functional compromise. Recorded pathologies of this nature are underrepresented in the past and present. We suggest this specimen from an adult wapiti species represents a female as this condition would have been more debilitating in an antlered stag limiting the possibility of living well into adulthood.", "output": "Conjoined first (atlas) and second (axis) cervical vertebrae in an eastern wapiti (Cervus canadensis canadensis) from the Angel Site (1000-1400 CE, Indiana, USA)", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Focused on transnational exchanges, this article examines a series of trips to Fascist Italy that were undertaken by pupils of Nazi elite schools in their role as youth ambassadors of the Third Reich. As a form of cultural diplomacy that continued during the Second World War, these trips were part of Fascist and Nazi efforts to foster a new cultural order. However, although intended to strengthen ties between the two regimes, the trips also laid bare national differences.", "output": "Nazi Elite-School Pupils as Youth Ambassadors: Between Fascist Italy and the Third Reich", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The essay discloses dimensions of communicative awareness, which are both local and general in the sense that they are recognised in all civilisations and pervade the researches of anthropologists, archeologists and historians. These dimensions are bodily activities composed of six practical orientations: up -down, left -right and forward -backward. Our social architecture, our systems of practical implements, our spaces and times of orientations are inscribed by both, the specific bodily situations and their silent background in all communicative awareness. Even languages are variations on these silent dimensions of activities: we face the future - a forward orientation; we leave the past behind - pertaining to our backward dimension; there are upper and lower social classes, left and right political movements. These silent dimensions are both universal and contingent.", "output": "The Silent Communication", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The condition assessment of Industrial Heritage machinery in operation is an open research subject of utmost importance for defining conservation and maintenance plans. The present work approaches this issue by proposing the study of Industrial Heritage machinery that includes the assessment of substrates, coatings, lubricants and operating mechanisms by applying analytical techniques currently used for heritage studies together with techniques employed in condition monitoring of modern machinery. An early 20th century steam engine from the Vale de Milhacos Gunpowder Factory (Portugal), in operation for demonstration purposes, was selected as a case study. The engine metallic alloys and coatings were studied by XRF and Raman spectroscopies, and the main properties of lubricants studied according to EN ISO and ASTM standard tests. Metallic particles present in the oil due to wear were assessed by XRF. The mechanisms were examined by gamma radiography, magnetoscopy, thermography and vibrational analysis. Data showed the use of distinct alloys according to the engine components' function similar to those reported for the same period. Green copper phthalocyanine and toluidine red identified as coatings' pigments are typical from the late 20th century and thus ascribed to a previous repair. The properties of the fresh and used lubricants are slightly different but without evidence of a significant alteration that could endanger the machine's functioning. However, the presence of metallic particles in the oil suggested the existence of wear phenomena. The engine's operating speed (51 rpm) and the vapour temperature ( approximate to 154 degrees C) attained inside the cylinder were indirectly determined. The presence of cracks on the engine structure was assessed, and possible faults that can imperil the engine functioning were analysed. The vibrational analysis of equipment in operation revealed a lack of lubrication and wear on the feed pump journal bearings. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY -NC -ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )", "output": "In full swing: Analytical strategies for the conservation assessment of operating Industrial Heritage machinery", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This article addresses the impact of the fall of the Iron Curtain on migration and migration policy in Austria. The introduction explains Austria's reasoning for prioritizing trade over migration policy relative to the Central and Eastern European countries after the fall of the Iron Curtain. This decision was a paradigm shift, abandoning the guest worker model of migration and introducing immigration legislation with family migration as a core element. The legislative reforms brought about changes in all areas of migration governance. Despite the restrictive policy stance toward migration, in-migration gained momentum to the extent that, by 2022, Austria had one of the highest shares of migrants in its population in the European Union. As the official understanding of Austria is to be an immigration country by chance rather than by choice, it has consequently been unable to develop the necessary instruments to promote innovation and economic growth with the help of migrants. Instead, restrictive policies that guide the settlement and integration of migrants in general, and of asylum seekers in particular, may jeopardize social cohesion and the sustainability of economic growth.", "output": "Migration in Austria after the Fall of the Iron Curtain", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Healthcare practitioners are regularly faced with treating patients at the end of their life, and this can be very daunting. This article hopes to help the practitioner have an approach to managing end-of-life care that makes it less distressing. The symptoms at the end-of-life include delirium and/or agitation, breathing changes, skin changes, sleeping more, decrease in need for food and drink, incontinence, and increased secretions. These symptoms are discussed and practical ways of management are given. The article further discusses how to approach the difficult conversation with the family and gives guidance as to what needs to be discussed. A number of tips are discussed on how to prepare the family to handle a death at home. It is essential to look at coping mechanisms and selfcare for practitioners dealing with end-of-life care as the death of a patient not only affects the family but also the practitioner.", "output": "How to approach patients and families at the end of life.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Influenza affects a considerable proportion of the global population each year, and meteorological conditions may have a significant impact on its transmission. In this study, we aimed to develop a prediction model for the number of influenza patients at the national level using satellite images and provide a basis for predicting influenza through satellite image data.STUDY DESIGN: We developed an influenza incidence prediction model using satellite images and influenza patient data.METHODS: We collected satellite images and daily influenza patient data from July 2014 to June 2019 and developed a convolutional long short-term memory (LSTM)-LSTM neural network model. The model with the lowest average of mean absolute error (MAE) was selected.RESULTS: The final model showed a high correlation between the predicted and actual number of influenza patients, with an average MAE of 5.9010 per million population. The model performed best with a 2-week time sequence.CONCLUSIONS: We developed a national-level prediction model using satellite images to predict influenza incidence. The model offers the advantage of nationwide analysis. These results may reduce the burden of influenza by enabling timely public health interventions.", "output": "Convolutional LSTM-LSTM model for predicting the daily number of influenza patients in South Korea using satellite images.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: Diarrhea caused by Salmonella and Shigella species are the leading cause of illness especially in developing countries. These infections are considered as the main public health problems in children, including Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, associated factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella and Shigella species in Sheik Hassan Yabere Referral Hospital Jigjiga, Eastern Ethiopia from August 05 to November 15, 2022.METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 239 under-five children with diarrhea selected through a convenient sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect associated factors. A stool sample was collected and processed for the identification of Salmonella and Shigella species using MacConkey adar, Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar (Oxoid Ltd) and Biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. The data was entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to the statistical package of social science version 22 for analysis. The association between outcome and independent variables was assessed using bivariate, multivariable, and chi-square and P-value<0.05 was considered as statistical significance.RESULT: Overall prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella species was 6.3% (95% CI, 5.7-6.9%), of which 3.8% (95 CI, 3.2-4.4%) were Salmonella species and 2.5% (95% CI, 1.95-3%) were Shigella species. Unimproved water source (AOR=5.08, 95% CI=1.45, 17.25), open field (AOR=2.3, 95% CI=1.3, 5.03), rural residence (AOR=1.8, 95% CI=1.4, 7.5), Hand-washing practice (p=0.001), and raw meat consumption (p=0.002) were associated with occurrence of Salmonella and Shigella species. Salmonella and Shigella isolates were resistant to Ampicilin (100%). However, Salmonella isolates was sensitive to Norfloxacin (100%). About 22.2% and 16.7% of Salmonella and Shigella isolates were multi-drug resistant, respectively.CONCLUSION: Prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella species were lower than most studies done in Ethiopia. Hand-washing habit, water source type, Open field waste disposal habit, raw meat consumption and rural residence were associated with Salmonellosis and shigellosis. All isolated Salmonella were sensitive to norfloxacin. The evidence from this study underscores the need for improved water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) system and the imperative to implement drug susceptibility tests for the treatment of Salmonella and Shigella infection.", "output": "Prevalence, associated factors and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella and Shigella species among diarrheic under five children in Sultan Sheik Hassan Yabere referral Hospital, Jigjiga, Eastern Ethiopia.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Seeking to add a comparative element to the study of patron-client relations, this article introduces a multidimensional measurement tool for analysing de facto-patron state relations. The tool is used to measure military, political, societal and cultural resource exchange sustaining de facto state patron-client relationships, focusing on the client side of this dyadic relationship as this is where the defining features of patron-client relationships are most evident due to the asymmetry of resources. The study uses original data on Abkhazia, Kosovo, Nagorno-Karabakh, Northern Cyprus, Taiwan, Transnistria and their respective patron states. Comparing their degrees of dependence and differences based on the type of patronage, the article also discusses the merits and shortcomings of the tool, inviting further development.", "output": "From Nagorno-Karabakh to Taiwan: measuring patron-client relations of de facto states", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Explanations for the emergence and abandonment of the Chalcolithic Trypillia mega-sites have long been debated. Here, the authors use Gini coefficients based on the sizes of approximately 7000 houses at 38 Trypillia sites to assess inequality between households as a factor in the rise and/or demise of these settlements. The results indicate temporarily reduced social inequality at mega-sites. It was only after several generations that increased social differentiation re-emerged and this may explain the subsequent abandonment of the mega-sites. The results indicate that increases in social complexity need not be associated with greater social stratification and that large aggregations of population can, for a time at least, find mechanisms to reduce inequality.", "output": "Trypillia mega-sites: a social levelling concept?", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: INTRODUCTION: People with substance use disorder (SUD) deal with stigmatization in various areas of life, including healthcare system. In this study, we investigated the attitudes of final-year medical students towards SUD people and attempted to understand their influence.METHODS: We conducted a two-stage cluster analysis (hierarchical ascending classification followed by K-means clustering) based on the beSAAS. We administrated this 23-item questionnaire to 923 final-year medical students in Belgium (response rate=71,1%). Sociodemographic characteristics were compared between the clusters.RESULTS: Four clusters of students with specific characteristics were identified in this study. The first, The Inclusives (including 27,9% of respondents) had the least negative attitudes; they wanted to specialize mainly in psychiatry and gynecology. The second, The Centrists (23,6%) consisted mainly of male students. They had many private and professional experiences with substance use and considered themselves less healthy than others did. Most wanted to specialize in pediatrics and general practice. Their attitudes were slightly negative towards people with SUD. The third, The Moralists (27,6%), were mainly older, from non-European countries, had the least experience with substance use (or contact mainly in hospitals), had the less high mother's level of education and reported excellent health. They were heading toward other specialties. They had the most stereotypes and moralism, and less treatment optimism. The fourth, The Specialist care-oriented (20,8%), were the most in favor of specialized treatment. This group had a higher proportion of Belgian, females, and students who had specific contact with this population. They especially intended to specialize in internal medicine.CONCLUSION: This study revealed 4 profiles of medical students with different attitudes towards SUD people. The Moralists, including more than a quarter of the respondents, were characterized by strong stereotypes and moralism and little treatment optimism. These clusters could contribute to the design of a learner-centered program aimed at addressing stigma within the main curriculum.", "output": "Cluster analysis of medical students' attitudes regarding people who use drugs: a first step to design a tailored education program.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Accurate 3D object detection in large-scale outdoor scenes, characterized by considerable variations in object scales, necessitates features rich in both long-range and fine-grained information. While recent detectors have utilized window-based transformers to model long-range dependencies, they tend to overlook fine-grained details. To bridge this gap, we propose MsSVT++, an innovative Mixed-scale Sparse Voxel Transformer that simultaneously captures both types of information through a divide-and-conquer approach. This approach involves explicitly dividing attention heads into multiple groups, each responsible for attending to information within a specific range. The outputs of these groups are subsequently merged to obtain final mixed-scale features. To mitigate the computational complexity associated with applying a window-based transformer in 3D voxel space, we introduce a novel Chessboard Sampling strategy and implement voxel sampling and gathering operations sparsely using a hash map. Moreover, an important challenge stems from the observation that non-empty voxels are primarily located on the surface of objects, which impedes the accurate estimation of bounding boxes. To overcome this challenge, we introduce a Center Voting module that integrates newly voted voxels enriched with mixed-scale contextual information towards the centers of the objects, thereby improving precise object localization. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our single-stage detector, built upon the foundation of MsSVT++, consistently delivers exceptional performance across diverse datasets.", "output": "MsSVT plus plus : Mixed-Scale Sparse Voxel Transformer With Center Voting for 3D Object Detection", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This article addresses the issue of historical knowledge in relation to material evidence. More specifically, it asks, What objects capture the historian's attention and what knowledge is gained from those objects? What does the historian's gaze select as things of history and thus as removed from a world of object assemblages and fluid matter? Is it the case that only artifacts deliberately produced or modified by humans (regardless of the purpose) count as things of history? Or do physical entities produced by unintended human and nonhuman factors also display temporal endurance or alteration occurring over time and resonate with humans? Are things of history only entities endowed with shape, or do formless materials qualify too? In this article, I outline a theory of intentionality in relation to material items for two main reasons. First, it allows for a critique of material evidence, which is still missing in the historical discipline. Second, it enables us to address any remaining epistemological, ethical, or political issues, biases, or contradictions associated with the multifaceted research on material culture that affect the way we do history.", "output": "THE UNCERTAIN STUFF OF HISTORY: OUTLINE OF A THEORY OF INTENTIONALITY-THING BY THING", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The chemical (e.g., preservation/embalming) treatment of skeletal remains can reduce overall DNA quality and quantity. The histological and stable isotope examination of treated and untreated human remains improves our understanding of how chemical preservatives impact bone diagenesis and will determine if chemical treatment adversely affects stable isotope ratio analysis of collagen. Fidelity in the application(s) of stable isotope interpretations requires that the isotope delta (delta) values have not been altered postmortem. Re-associated antimeres and refits of chemically treated and untreated rib and long bones from eight casualties [thin-sectioned human bone (n = 43) and collagen extraction/stable isotope analysis (n = 42)] from the World War II Battle of Tarawa were examined to compare skeletal elements from the same individual that had different taphonomic histories. Histological analyses included scoring upon the Oxford Histological Index (OHI) and Birefringence scale, recording microbial invasion, and general observations. The collected data were analyzed via simple descriptive statistics and paired samples t-tests. Treated remains scored higher on the OHI and for Birefringence, indicating that bone quality was good to excellent. The untreated samples scored lower on the OHI and Birefringence scales suggesting poorer preservation than the treated remains. Histology results were supported by the isotope sample preparation results: the collagen % yield was higher for treated bone than untreated bone. Additionally, chemical preservation had no meaningful impact on isotope delta values of treated and untreated remains from the same element or pair-matched elements. Overall, treated remains exhibited good preservation while untreated remains exhibit poorer preservation with significant microfocal destruction to the extent that little histological analyses can be applied. Stable isotope ratio analysis is viable for both treated and untreated remains indicating this testing modality likely can be used for most treated remains, regardless of origin.", "output": "The influence of taphonomy on histological and isotopic analyses of treated and untreated buried modern human bone", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Mangrove forests, crucial carbon-rich ecosystems, are increasingly vulnerable to soil carbon loss and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to human disturbance. However, the contribution of mangrove trees to GHG emissions remains poorly understood. This study monitored CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes from the stems of two mangrove species, native Kandelia obovata (KO) and exotic Sonneratia apetala (SA), at three heights (0.7 m, 1.2 m, and 1.7 m) during the dry winter period on Qi'ao Island, Pearl River Estuary, China. Heartwood samples were analyzed to identify potential functional groups related to gas fluxes. Our study found that tree stems acted as both sinks and sources for N2O (ranging from -9.49 to 28.35 mu g m(-2) h(-1) for KO and from -6.73 to 28.95 mu g m(-2) h(-1) for SA) and CH4. SA exhibited significantly higher stem CH4 flux (from -26.67 to 97.33 mu g m(-2) h(-1)) compared to KO (from -44.13 to 88.0 mu g m(-2) h(-1)) (P < 0.05). When upscaled to the community level, both species were net emitters of CH4, contributing approximately 4.68 % (KO) and 0.51 % (SA) to total CH4 emissions. The decrease in stem CH4 flux with increasing height, indicates a soil source. Microbial analysis in the heartwood using the KEGG database indicated aceticlastic methanogenesis as the dominant CH4 pathway. The presence of methanogens, methanotrophs, denitrifiers, and nitrifiers suggests microbial involvement in CH4 and N2O production and consumption. Remarkably, the dominance of Cyanobacteria in the heartwood microbiome (with the relative abundance of 97.5 +/- 0.6 % for KO and 99.1 +/- 0.2 % for SA) implies roles in carbon and nitrogen fixation for mangroves coping with nitrogen limitation in coastal wetlands, and possibly in CH4 production. Although the present study has limitations in sampling duration and area, it highlights the significant role of tree stems in GHG emissions which is crucial for a holistic evaluation of the global carbon sequestration capability of mangrove ecosystems. Future research should broaden spatial and temporal scales to enhance the accuracy of upscaling tree stem gas fluxes to the mangrove ecosystem level.", "output": "Methane and nitrous oxide emissions and related microbial communities from mangrove stems on Qi'ao Island, Pearl River Estuary in China", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This article investigates the connection and dependence between the definiteness of the totalities involved in mathematical structures and the determinateness of statements about that structure. From a logical perspective, we investigate whether logical principles expressing the definiteness of totalities license the use of classical logic. From a philosophical perspective, this article provides a reconstruction of Solomon Feferman's claim that the definiteness of the natural number conception implies the determinateness of arithmetical statements and therefore justifies the adoption of classical logic for arithmetical theories.", "output": "Definite totalities and determinate truth in conceptual structuralism", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: We have recovered disease-symptomatic monocot leaves from the middle Siwalik (late Miocene; 12-8 Ma) sedimentary strata of Himachal Pradesh, western Himalaya, India. Information about disease symptoms linked to fossil monocot leaves, however, is lacking. The present study therefore aims to elucidate their identity through the analysis of morphological characteristics of the plant pathogenic fungi (causal agent) associated with these disease symptoms. Black mildew disease caused by foliicolous fungal fossil-genus Meliolinites Selkirk ex Janson. and Hills (fossil Meliolaceae) is detected on infected host Siwalik monocot leaves. In the study presented here, we provide formal descriptions and illustrations for the fossil-genus. The pathogen Meliolinites is recognized by the presence of appressoria, phialides, mycelial seta, black non-ostiolate ascomata, and four-septate, five-celled ascospores. This is the first report of melioloid fungus causing black mildew disease on fossil monocot leaves. Here, we also reconstruct a possible disease cycle of black mildew pathogen on Siwalik monocot leaves. The insitu evidence of Meliolinites on the monocot leaf cuticles indicates the possible existence of a biotrophic relationship in Himachal sub-Himalaya's ancient warm and humid tropical forest during the time of deposition.", "output": "Black mildew disease on the Siwalik (Miocene) monocot leaves of Western Himalaya, India caused by Meliolinites", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This article considers the relationship of two prominent leaders of British women's temperance, Lady Henry Somerset and Lady Elizabeth Biddulph. They were noteworthy for taking opposing sides when the British Women's Temperance Association divided on the question of the political reach of its work. Somerset and Biddulph were elite women, daughters of earls and near neighbours around Ledbury, a centre of cider apple and hop cultivation in Herefordshire. Both made their first temperance pledge in the area. We examine their geographical proximity and consider the importance of local agricultural labour and landscapes to their temperance work.", "output": "Temperance lives and landscape: Lady Elizabeth Biddulph, Lady Henry Somerset, and late nineteenth-century Ledbury", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: To study the variation law of shock wave pressure load on the surface of a certain type of landmine installed on the ground when explosive contact ground explosion, the TNT (C7H5N3O6) contact ground explosion experiments were conducted. Using the pressure test device that simulates the shape of a certain type of landmine to test the shock wave pressure load on its side and top surface respectively. Combined with the numerical simulation, studied the variation law of shock wave overpressure peak, positive pressure action time, and specific impulse on the side and top surface of the landmines at different scaled distances. The results show that the scaled distance less than 1.453 m/ kg1/3 is the range of near-range explosion. In this range, the shock wave pressure time history curve shows multiple peaks due to the combined action of the shock wave and detonation products. The closer to the explosion source, the pressure peak generated by the detonation product is significantly higher than the shock wave pressure peak, and the propagation speed of the shock wave is faster than that of detonation products. With the further increase of the blast center distance, the positive pressure action time of the shock wave on the side and top surface of the landmine it was increased significantly. The specific impulse of the shock wave on the side of the landmines is significantly higher than that on the top surface of the device at the same scaled distance. In the range of scaled distance less than 1.937 m/kg1/3, the specific impulse of the shock wave on both the side and top surfaces of the landmines increases at first and then decreases later, and its variation curve shows an obvious triangle. With the increase of the explosive quality, the rate of rise and attenuation of specific impulse of the shock wave is faster. With the further increase of blasting center distance, the specific impulse of the shock wave on the side and the top surface of the landmines tends to be equal at the same scaled distance, the continuous range is wide, and the explosive quality has little effect on it.", "output": "Study on the variation law of shock wave on the surface of landmine shell under touchdown explosion", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: We study a new driving factor of women's inclusion in politics: the economic empowerment of their mothers. We evaluate Swedish microdata on politicians and their parents over fifty years. The results demonstrate a strong intergenerational dynamic from mothers to daughters. Female politicians come from households where their mother is more likely to be employed, earns more in the labour market, and earns a larger share of household earnings. This pattern was strong among parliamentarians in the 1970s and 1980s when female numerical representation increased rapidly in Sweden but is not present in national politics after the introduction of gender quotas in the early 1990s or in local politics.", "output": "Working Mothers and Political Daughters: Intergenerational Dynamics of Women's Political Officeholding", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This study addresses the critical challenge of accurately forecasting electricity consumption by utilizing Exponential Smoothing and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models. The research aims to enhance the precision of forecasting in the dynamic energy landscape and reveals promising outcomes by employing a robust methodology involving model application to a large amount of consumption data. Exponential Smoothing demonstrates accurate predictions, as evidenced by a low Sum of Squared Errors (SSE) of 0.469. SARIMA, with its seasonal ARIMA structure, outperforms Exponential Smoothing, achieving lower Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values on both training (2.21%) and test (2.44%) datasets. This study recommends the adoption of SARIMA models, supported by lower MAPE values, to influence technology adoption and future-proof decision-making. This study highlights the societal implications of informed energy planning, including enhanced sustainability, cost savings, and improved resource allocation for communities and industries. The synthesis of model analysis, technological integration, and consumer-centric approaches marks a significant stride toward a resilient and efficient energy ecosystem. Decision-makers, stakeholders, and researchers may leverage findings for sustainable, adaptive, and consumer-centric energy planning, positioning the sector to address evolving challenges effectively and empowering consumers while maintaining energy efficiency.", "output": "Empowering Sustainability: A Consumer-Centric Analysis Based on Advanced Electricity Consumption Predictions", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: I introduce and discuss an underappreciated form of motivated cognition: motivational pessimism, which involves the biasing of beliefs for the sake of self-motivation. I illustrate how motivational pessimism avoids explanatory issues that plague other (putative) forms of motivated cognition and discuss distinctions within the category, related to awareness, aetiology, and proximal goals.", "output": "Motivational pessimism and motivated cognition", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Nowadays, solar energy is considered to be one of the most developed renewable energy sources, and its production capacity has increased in recent years. To optimize yields and production, the correct selection of the location of these plants is essential. This research develops a methodological proposal that allows for detecting and evaluating the most appropriate places to implement solar photovoltaic plants almost automatically through GIS tools. A multi-criteria analysis is proposed to analyze large extensions of land with ten duly weighted criteria that cover the energy and territorial requirements that any installation must meet. The method assigns each site a location coefficient that reflects the weighting of the chosen criteria so that the value ordered from highest to lowest reflects the best to the worst location. Unlike other research works that can be considered similar, the methodological proposal is much more consistent than traditional alternatives as it uses a multi-criteria analysis and a weighting mechanism that is also statistically consistent, objective, and based on logical criteria. This innovative methodology is applied to Cantabria (north of Spain), although it could be used for other contexts.", "output": "Optimal Location of Solar Photovoltaic Plants Using Geographic Information Systems and Multi-Criteria Analysis", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: PURPOSE: The impact of sarcopenia in oncology is increasingly recognized, yet little is known about its clinical implications in breast cancer. This systematic review and meta-analysis estimates the overall prevalence of sarcopenia in breast cancer, quantifies skeletal muscle index (SMI), and comprehensively evaluates sarcopenia's impact on clinical outcomes.METHODS: We systematically searched primary original research published before June 2023 in four databases: the Cochrane Library via Wiley, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Embase via Elsevier Excerpta Medica, and Medline via Ovid. Standardized mean SMI and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by applying the random-effects model. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the National Institutes of Health quality assessment checklist.RESULTS: The systematic review included 17 studies with a total of 9863 patients; the meta-analysis included 12 of these studies. The mean prevalence of sarcopenia in breast cancer (stages I-III) was 32.5%. The mean SMI assessed by CT was 43.94 cm2/m2 (95% CI 42.87, 45.01; p<.01). Overall, low muscle mass was associated with chemotherapy toxicities, dose reductions, dose delays, or treatment discontinuation. Low muscle mass was generally associated with poor survival, but in some studies, this association was not significant or reversed direction.CONCLUSION: Sarcopenia is not just a state of muscle mass loss, but an influencing factor on therapeutic effects and survival rates in oncology. It is thus necessary to recognize the risk of sarcopenia throughout the trajectory of cancer treatment, identify low muscle mass early, and manage it from a prehabilitation perspective.", "output": "Prevalence and clinical implications of sarcopenia in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This study aimed to use a data-driven approach to identify individualized speed thresholds to characterize running demands and athlete workload during games and practices in skill and linemen football players. Data were recorded from wearable sensors over 28 sessions from 30 male Canadian varsity football athletes, resulting in a total of 287 performances analyzed, including 137 games and 150 practices, using a global positioning system. Speed zones were identified for each performance by fitting a 5-dimensional Gaussian mixture model (GMM) corresponding to 5 running intensity zones from minimal (zone 1) to maximal (zone 5). Skill players had significantly higher (p < 0.001) speed thresholds, percentage of time spent, and distance covered in maximal intensity zones compared to linemen. The distance covered in game settings was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to practices. This study highlighted the use of individualized speed thresholds to determine running intensity and athlete workloads for American and Canadian football athletes, as well as compare running performances between practice and game scenarios. This approach can be used to monitor physical workload in athletes with respect to their tactical positions during practices and games, and to ensure that athletes are adequately trained to meet in-game physical demands.", "output": "Characterization of Running Intensity in Canadian Football Based on Tactical Position.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Exposure to childhood adversity has been associated with a greater risk for engaging in offending behaviour. Despite this, investigation of the early experiences of incarcerated people, particularly males, remains limited. Based on the adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) framework, this review explored the prevalence of 10 early adverse events in males detained to prison. Articles were systematically searched from seven databases, and reference lists. Fifty papers (N = 48,648) were included, primarily from western countries (86%, k = 43). Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated utilising random effect models. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. Experiences of sexual abuse were the most frequently studied ACE (80%), yet obtained the lowest prevalence estimates (12%, 95% CI 8-16%). Highest estimates were attained for emotional neglect (38%, 95% CI 28-50%), intimate partner violence (36%, 95% CI 28-44%) and parental separation (36%, 95% CI 24-52%), which were among the least frequently explored (11.8%-31.4%). High heterogeneity was apparent for all ACEs, and not accounted for by country of study. Results indicate early trauma to be pervasive in the lives of incarcerated males, though biases in the evidence may underestimate the true prevalence and nature of ACEs experienced. Further examination of direct maltreatment and household adversities, by multiple intersections, is needed.", "output": "Prevalence of types of adverse childhood experiences in incarcerated males: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Within the framework of the CNRS/Ministry of Culture Notre-Dame Scientific Workshop, the Acoustics Working Group presents the work of the soundscape archaeology axis and, more precisely, the proposal for the restitution of the soundscape of the Notre-Dame construction site from 1170 to 1182. This is part of the work of its third mission: historical mission >>. This article presents the first steps necessary to reconstruct a soundscape that may have existed at the very beginning of the construction of Notre-Dame (1163-1170) (c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.", "output": "Study and analysis of the sound environment of the Notre-Dame construction site between the 12th and 18th centuries", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: From diagnosis and disclosure to leading change, two neurodivergent researchers recount their experiences setting up peer support networks at their universities.", "output": "How we stepped up to support others", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Fact-checking initiatives have rapidly expanded worldwide with the overall aim of assessing the veracity of factual claims made in public. In this paper, we critique how the objectivity norm informs the current role perception of fact-checkers and suggest ways to reinterpret this perception through rhetorical argumentation theory. First, we point to research literature on fact-checking as a site in which role perceptions of fact-checkers and epistemological ideals are represented, (re)created and contested, marking out an objectivist role perception. Second, we highlight recent contributions from scholars who, like us, have noticed tensions between the objectivist role perception and role performances of fact-checkers and constructively recommended different ways of working around these tensions. In dialogue with these suggestions, we propose that rhetorical argumentation theory can be considered a supplementary resource to further advance epistemological discussions on the role perception of fact-checkers. In addition, the vocabulary from rhetorical argumentation theory holds potential for methodological operationalisation to guide the future role performances of fact-checkers. Finally, to develop our suggestion further, we propose a new research agenda embracing action-oriented research as an integrated way of developing fact-checkers' role and practise together with practitioners.", "output": "And That's a Fact: A Rhetorical Perspective on the Role of Fact-Checkers", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Incomprehension of and resistance to contemporaneous art have been constant features in the development of modern art. The predictive coding framework can be used to analyse this response by outlining the difference between the misunderstanding of (i) contemporary conceptual/minimalist art and (ii) early modern avant-garde art and by elucidating their underlying cognitive mechanisms. In both of these cases, incomprehension and its behavioural consequences are tied to the failure of the optimal prediction error (PE) minimization that is involved in the perception of such art works. In the case of contemporary conceptual/minimalist art the failure stems from the fact that the encounter results in non-salient visual sensations and generates no PE. In early modern avant-garde art, the occasional inability of viewers to recognize pictorial content using new pictorial conventions reflected the absence of suitable priors to explain away ambiguous sensory data. The capacity to recognize pictorial content in modernist painting, as a prerequisite for a satisfying encounter with such works and ultimately a wider acceptance of new artistic styles, required an updating of a number of expectations in order to optimize the fit between priors and sensations, from low-level perceptual priors to the development of higher-level, culturally determined expectations.This article is part of the theme issue 'Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and empirical perspectives'.", "output": "A hole in a piece of cardboard and predictive brain: the incomprehension of modern art in the light of the predictive coding paradigm", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This research analyses the common features of the methodology used by fact-checkers of the #CoronaVirusFacts alliance. By using a mixed approach together with content analysis, this study offers an in-depth exploration and census of all fact-checkers worldwide regarding the methodology they use to carry out their task, in addition to the following proposed work phases: a) identification and selection of information -criteria and technique used; b) research and verification; c) drafting and publication of fact-checked information; and d) transparency process and correction policy. The conclusion reached is that the pandemic has intensified the activity and interaction among the platforms that comprise the #CoronaVirusFacts alliance, which has established this network as a professional association that fully complies with standard codes of ethics. Transparent funding and a strong commitment to impartiality are the qualities embodied by these micro-media verifiers, who are mostly independent. Moreover, they use a variety of sources to cross-check information. This research is part of the R&D&I project on disinformation (Impact of disinformation on journalism: content, professional routines and audiences (DESINFOPER) PID2019-108956RB-I00), which highlights the need to study the inner workings of verification processes worldwide in order to build public trust in these fact-checkers, and to transfer their work and best practices to similar platforms.", "output": "The Methodology Used by Fact-Checkers. An In-Depth Analysis of Commonly Used Strategies", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Experts have always played an important role in heritage planning, practice, and theory. There is a wealth of literature published every year regarding heritage and its cultural significance. Experts also contribute to heritage planning and developing policy documents. Still, literature is rarely used as a source of primary research to systematically reveal and compare experts' opinions on the cultural significance of built heritage. Analyzing them as a whole is costly and time-consuming, especially on built heritage, when much has been written about. While the automation of methods has proven to mitigate such restrictions in other fields, as digital humanities, their application in heritage planning, practice, and theory is still scarce. Hence, this paper aims to investigate the potentials of AI models (e.g., multi label text classification) in analyzing scientific documents, revealing the cultural significance of built heritage, values and attributes. This was done to better understand the similarities and differences between the experts' opinions. Yazd, Iran, is taken a case study, with a particular focus on windcatchers, a key attribute conveying cultural significance, of outstanding universal value, due to its inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List. This paper has three subsequent phases: 1) state of the art on the application of AI in heritage planning; 2) methodology of data collection and data analysis related to coding values and attributes of windcatchers, addressed in relevant documents; 3) preliminary findings on the experts' opinions over values and attributes of windcatchers. Results contribute to the scientific discussion, revealing the cultural significance of windcatchers of Yazd from experts' point of view. Besides, the potential of AI for heritage planning is revealed in terms of (de)coding and measuring the cultural significance of built heritage from the available documents, showing the opinions of experts with various backgrounds. This model can be applied to other key attributes in Yazd and other case studies and scales to support heritage planning, practice, and theory. (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )", "output": "Capturing experts' knowledge in heritage planning enhanced by AI: A case study of windcatchers in Yazd, Iran", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Prominent research programs dealing with the nature and mechanisms of interpersonal social coordination have emerged in cognitive science, developmental psychology and evolutionary anthropology. I argue that the mechanistic approach to explanation in contemporary philosophy of science can facilitate interdisciplinary integration and division of labor between these different disciplinary research programs. By distinguishing phenomenal models from mechanistic models and structural decomposition from functional decomposition in the process of mechanism discovery, I argue that behavioral and cognitive scientists can make interlocking contributions to families of mechanism models representing a) what central forms of interpersonal social coordination consist in, b) what types of agents engage in such forms of coordination, c) what types of cognitive mechanisms give rise to such forms of coordination, d) how the operation of such mechanisms is modulated by the natural and social environments that the agents populate. Thus mechanistic philosophy of science can play a heuristic role in guiding the research strategies of scientists in different scientific disciplines in a manner that is complementary to the research strategies of scientists in other disciplines and thereby efficient from the point of view of the division of epistemic labor.", "output": "Mechanistic Explanation, Interdisciplinary Integration and Interpersonal Social Coordination", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Automaticity, an essential skill attribute, develops when an activity is performed without requiring attention. Despite its importance, little is known about the implications of automaticity in the construction industry. To address this gap, this study investigated the development of automaticity during a repetitive construction task. Recruiting 28 subjects to participate in a laboratory roofing-installation experiment repeated across four trial days, this study examined traditional metrics of the primary (installation) task's duration and accuracy as well as nontraditional metrics of a concurrent secondary (memory) task's score to examine performance measures diagnostically indicative of automaticity. The results revealed that there were significant improvements in the primary task's mean duration and accuracy and the secondary task's mean performance score from the experiment's first trial day to every other day, an indication that, with repeated practice, automaticity-induced performance improves. Because these automatic performance measures provide an index for evaluating feature-based improvements indicative of automaticity, this study argues that such performance measures capture automaticity developing during repetitive construction activities. Given that practitioners are interested in training workers to achieve automaticity to increase their productivity and multitasking skills, the results of this study provide methods for testing training effectiveness and the extent to which workers have developed automaticity.", "output": "Application of Automaticity Theory in Construction", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: PURPOSE: Given the increasing significance and potential impact of artificial intelligence (AI) technology on health care delivery, there is an increasing demand to integrate AI into medical school curricula. This study aimed to define medical AI competencies and identify the essential competencies for medical graduates in South Korea.METHOD: An initial Delphi survey conducted in 2022 involving 4 groups of medical AI experts (n = 28) yielded 42 competency items. Subsequently, an online questionnaire survey was carried out with 1,955 participants (1,174 students and 781 professors) from medical schools across South Korea, utilizing the list of 42 competencies developed from the first Delphi round. A subsequent Delphi survey was conducted with 33 medical educators from 21 medical schools to differentiate the essential AI competencies from the optional ones.RESULTS: The study identified 6 domains encompassing 36 AI competencies essential for medical graduates: (1) understanding digital health and changes driven by AI; (2) fundamental knowledge and skills in medical AI; (3) ethics and legal aspects in the use of medical AI; (4) medical AI application in clinical practice; (5) processing, analyzing, and evaluating medical data; and (6) research and development of medical AI, as well as subcompetencies within each domain. While numerous competencies within the first 4 domains were deemed essential, a higher percentage of experts indicated responses in the last 2 domains, data science and medical AI research and development, were optional.CONCLUSIONS: This medical AI framework of 6 competencies and their subcompetencies for medical graduates exhibits promising potential for guiding the integration of AI into medical curricula. Further studies conducted in diverse contexts and countries are necessary to validate and confirm the applicability of these findings. Additional research is imperative for developing specific and feasible educational models to integrate these proposed competencies into pre-existing curricula.", "output": "Defining Medical AI Competencies for Medical School Graduates: Outcomes of a Delphi Survey and Medical Student/Educator Questionnaire of South Korean Medical Schools.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The urban planning evolution of Jaffa has been significantly shaped by political dynamics and conflict. Before 1948, Jaffa exhibited a diverse population and a distinctive urban layout reflective of its unique character. The British and Arab vision of the time aimed to expand and modernize Jaffa's urban fabric; however, the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 led to a reevaluation of urban plans to accommodate a growing Jewish population and their vision for a modern city. Focusing on specific neighbourhoods, this article delves into the intricate interplay of social, political, and economic forces that have shaped Jaffa's urban structure, planning strategies, and development outcomes. Through this examination, valuable insights emerge, shedding light on the role of planning in shaping the social fabric of cities navigating significant historical and geopolitical transitions. The article emphasizes the delicate balance between modernization imperatives and the preservation of cultural heritage, underscoring the significance of fostering social inclusion and pursuing equitable development.", "output": "The urban planning transformation of Jaffa: pre and post-1948 perspectives", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Healthcare professionals often face ethical conflicts and challenges related to decision-making that have necessitated consideration of the use of conscientious objection (CO). No current guidelines exist within Spain's healthcare system regarding acceptable rationales for CO, the appropriate application of CO, or practical means to support healthcare professionals who wish to become conscientious objectors. As such, a procedural framework is needed that not only assures the appropriate use of CO by healthcare professionals but also demonstrates its ethical validity, legislative compliance through protection of moral freedoms and patients' rights to receive health care. Our proposal consists of prerequisites of eligibility for CO (individual reference, specific clinical context, ethical justification, assurance of non-discrimination, professional consistency, attitude of mutual respect, assurance of patient rights and safety) and a procedural process (notification and preparation, documentation and confidentiality, evaluation of prerequisites, non-abandonment, transparency, allowance for unforeseen objection, compensatory responsibilities, access to guidance and/or consultative advice, and organizational guarantee of professional substitution). We illustrate the real-world utility of the proposed framework through a case discussion in which our guidelines are applied.", "output": "Guidelines for conscientious objection in Spain: a proposal involving prerequisites and protocolized procedure", "system": "", "history": [] } ]