[ { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Common-mode (CM) leakage current is an essential insulation indicator for condition monitoring in distribution grids. However, online measurement of CM leakage current is a difficult task in the industry due to the disturbances of far larger load currents. To address this challenge, a novel CM leakage current measurement method based on multilayer magnetic shield has been proposed in this article. The analytical solution for the magnetic field around the shield is first derived and validated by finite-element analysis. A comprehensive comparison with previous single-layer shield design is then conducted for a typical industrial case, proving that an improvement of about 46 dB can be achieved for CM leakage current measurement by the novel design. A sensor prototype has also been developed with optimized parameters and validated by experiments. The effectiveness of the proposed method is proved, with minor CM leakage current accurately extracted from load currents that are 3000 times larger.", "output": "Improved Common-Mode Leakage Current Measurement Method for Insulation Condition Monitoring in Distribution Grids", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: African universities have been tasked by their governments to develop and build research capacity, performance, and output, which puts a focus on university research management. Paying attention to research management is very important for any country trying to improve its research performance. However, university research management is an area that has been neglected. This study focused on finding out factors research managers perceive to be hindering university research management. The qualitative methodology was used. The study population comprised 25 research managers from two English-taught Cameroonian universities. This study found that factors research managers perceive to be hindering research management include conflict between research managers and researchers, politics, and corruption in research management, inadequate skilful research managers, limited research facilities, inadequate salaries, and lack of extrinsic motivation. This implies that less attention has been paid to research management in universities. Implications are given to improve research management practices in universities.", "output": "Research management practices: research managers' perception of research management in Cameroonian universities", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Sodium chloride (NaCl) is the main soluble salt component of marine waterlogged archaeological wood, and it causes deterioration of wood fibres. In this study, a molecular dynamics simulation of three types of archaeological wood from the Quanzhou Song Shipwreck was employed to investigate the impact of NaCl on the mechanical properties of amorphous components consisting of amorphous cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The findings revealed that water molecules bound to the fibres enhanced the mechanical performance of the woody fibres. However, NaCl affected the stability and mechanical properties of the amorphous components. By using molecular dynamics simulations, 24 sets of amorphous fibre models, consisting of fir, pine, and camphorwood with salt concentrations ranging from 0 % to 7 %, were constructed to further analyse the influence of salt content on the mechanical properties of the amorphous components. The results showed that all three species of archaeological wood exhibited similar trends, with the adsorption energy and radial distribution function between wood fibres and water molecules decreasing with increasing NaCl concentration, leading to the gradual rupture of hydrogen bonds in water molecules. Consequently, more water molecules engage in ion hydration, resulting in an increase in the amount of free water within the amorphous regions. This, in turn, degrades the mechanical properties of the amorphous components. This study contributes significantly to a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical properties of marine archaeological wood and is important for decision-making in studies related to the preservation and evaluation of marine waterlogged wooden artefacts. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.", "output": "Effects of sodium chloride on mechanical properties in amorphous polymers of waterlogged archaeological wood: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This article presents a critical analysis of whether South African courts employ established theoretical concepts to delineate the boundaries between custom and customary law. To facilitate a comprehensive understanding, the article begins by providing an overview of the South African legal system, laying the groundwork for the subsequent discussion. The article then delves into prominent theories that address the differentiation between custom and customary law, providing a succinct summary of each. Finally, the article examines the degree to which these theories have been embraced by the courts. Notably, the article uncovers the courts' emphasis on factors such as certainty and the protection of human rights when deciding whether to apply customary law, rather than relying solely on the distinction between custom and customary law.", "output": "Custom Versus Customary Law: Does South African Jurisprudence Draw the Distinction?", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This paper presents a comparative study of cities' migration policies. By comparing four bigger and four smaller Polish cities and their approaches towards Ukrainian war refugees, we show the differences in support offered by bigger and smaller towns. Polish cities wholeheartedly and spontaneously welcomed Ukrainians fleeing their country after the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. While bigger cities start from reception and then offer integration activities, smaller ones see the presence of Ukrainians as temporary and identify their needs in terms of immediate humanitarian aid. The extra value of this original research is in documenting the specific moment when those cities have become ethnically diverse. The research includes interviews with the cities' authorities, panel discussions, and analyses of documents and press articles.", "output": "How Do Bigger and Smaller Cities Manage Migration? Ukrainian War Refugees in Polish Cities", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Bernard Williams described the case of a lorry driver who runs over a child through no fault of his own. In this article, I pursue two aims. First, I want to motivate a puzzle about Williams's case, which I call the Lorry Driver Paradox and which consists of three individually plausible but jointly inconsistent claims. Second, I want to offer a solution to this paradox based on a novel approach to so-called strict moral answerability. I conclude by responding to the objection that strict answerability is a contradiction in terms.", "output": "Strict Moral Answerability", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Bunocotylid trematodes represent a group of 149 species with a rather complex taxonomic history. The current concept of the subfamily only includes three genera, Bunocotyle, Saturnius, and Robinia. Specimens of a bunocotylid were collected from the silver mullet, M. curema, from a coastal lagoon of Yucatan and identified as belonging to Saturnius. Further detailed morphological study revealed they corresponded to S. maurepasi, a species previously reported from the stripped mullet, Mugil cephalus in Mississippi, USA. Specimens were sequenced for the LSU of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (28S) to test their phylogenetic position. We discovered that they do not belong in Saturnius since they nest as an independent lineage which is the sister taxa of a clade formed by Robinia, and Saturnius + Bunocotyle; additionally, the new genus exhibits high genetic divergence (10-12%) with respect to species allocated in the other bunocotylid genera. The species S. maurepasi was then transferred to the new genus as Parasaturnius maurepasin. gen., n. comb. that was created to accommodate it, and was redescribed based on newly sampled specimens.", "output": "Parasaturnius maurepasi n. gen. et n. comb. (Digena: Bunocotylidae) from the stomach of the silver mullet, Mugil curema (Perciformes: Mugilidae) in coastal lagoons of northern Yucatan, Mexico", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: I use the staggered adoption of mandatory environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure regulations around the world to explore the impact of ESG disclosure on initial public offering (IPO) underpricing. I find robust evidence that underpricing is substantially lower in countries with ESG disclosure mandates. High-quality disclosure environments moderate and tougher liability standards amplify the negative association between ESG disclosure mandates and underpricing, which suggests that ESG disclosure mandates reduce information asymmetry and litigation risk. The impact of ESG disclosure mandates on underpricing is stronger in countries with more pronounced environmental, social, and governance concerns.", "output": "Mandatory ESG disclosure, information asymmetry, and litigation risk: Evidence from initial public offerings", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: Blunt chest injury is associated with significant adverse health outcomes. A chest injury care bundle (ChIP) was developed for patients with blunt chest injury presenting to the emergency department. ChIP implementation resulted in increased health service use, decreased unplanned Intensive Care Unit admissions and non-invasive ventilation use. In this paper, we report on the financial implications of implementing ChIP and quantify costs/savings.METHODS: This was a controlled pre-and post-test study with two intervention and two non-intervention sites. The primary outcome measure was the treatment cost of hospital admission. Costs are reported in Australian dollars (AUD). A generalised linear model (GLM) estimated patient episode treatment costs at ChIP intervention and non-intervention sites. Because healthcare cost data were positive-skewed, a gamma distribution and log-link function were applied.RESULTS: A total of 1705 patients were included in the cost analysis. The interaction (Phase x Treatment) was positive but insignificant (p = 0.45). The incremental cost per patient episode at ChIP intervention sites was estimated at $964 (95 % CI, -966 - 2895). The very wide confidence intervals reflect substantial differences in cost changes between individual sites Conclusions: The point estimate of the cost of the ChIP care bundle indicated an appreciable increase compared to standard care, but there is considerable variability between sites, rendering the finding statistically non-significant. The impact on short- and longer-term costs requires further quantification.", "output": "Does improved patient care lead to higher treatment costs? A multicentre cost evaluation of a blunt chest injury care bundle.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: In line with recent proposals for experimental philosophy and philosophy of science in practice, we propose that the philosophy of medicine could benefit from incorporating empirical research, just as bioethics has. In this paper, we therefore take first steps towards the development of an empirical philosophy of medicine, that includes investigating practical and moral dimensions. This qualitative study gives insight into the views and experiences of a group of various medical professionals and patient representatives regarding the conceptualization of health and disease concepts in practice and the possible problems that surround them. This includes clinical, epistemological, and ethical issues. We have conducted qualitative interviews with a broad range of participants (n = 17), working in various health-related disciplines, fields and organizations. From the interviews, we highlight several different practical functions of definitions of health and disease. Furthermore, we discuss 5 types of problematic situations that emerged from the interviews and analyze the underlying conceptual issues. By providing theoretical frameworks and conceptual tools, and by suggesting conceptual changes or adaptations, philosophers might be able to help solve some of these problems. This empirical-philosophical study contributes to a more pragmatic way of understanding the relevance of conceptualizing health and disease by connecting the participants' views and experiences to the theoretical debate. Going back and forth between theory and practice will likely result in a more complex but hopefully also better and more fruitful understanding of health and disease concepts.", "output": "Exploring health and disease concepts in healthcare practice: an empirical philosophy of medicine study", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Increasingly, doctoral education is being challenged to reflect and act on issues of access and equity. I argue that in art and design the expanding doctoral expectations and emphasis on doctoral community impact the multiple and intersectional concerns around diversity, equity and belonging that urgently need to be acknowledged and addressed. The benefits of community are widely acknowledged in the literature on doctoral education, and it is increasingly recognised that there are specific nuances to the needs of practice research doctoral communities. Prompted by insights from interviews with art and design doctoral researchers, I examine available data on participation in doctoral research in art and design in the United Kingdom in conjunction with literature on doctoral education and practice research. My aim is to highlight concerns relating to privilege and belonging in art and design doctorates that should make us increasingly uncomfortable. I believe that as a community art and design in higher education urgently needs to actively consider these issues. As well as indicating the necessity for further research, I argue that conversations are needed to devise and advocate for more inclusive and culturally responsive doctoral education specific to the needs of practice research in art and design.", "output": "Privilege and Practice-Challenges for Doctoral Education in Art and Design", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: New energy vehicles (NEVs) have emerged as a promising solution to reduce carbon emissions and address environmental concerns in the transportation sector. In order to effectively accelerate market acceptance, it is crucial to prioritize the heterogeneity of consumer preferences for NEV attributes. This study employs the multinomial logit model (MNL) and latent class model (LCM) to investigate both observed and unobserved preference heterogeneity based on stated preferences obtained from a discrete choice experiment conducted across seven cities in China. Results from the MNL model indicate that all attributes significantly influence alternative utility. In particular, there are differences in the willingness to pay (WTP) for attributes of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Analysis of MNL subgroups reveals observed heterogeneity in WTP for identical attributes among consumers from regions with different latitudes and markets with different NEV penetration rates. Furthermore, the LCM model uncovers unobserved preference heterogeneity by classifying respondents into four distinct classes and identifies specific socioeconomic variables associated with each class. The recognition of heterogeneous WTP for NEV attributes across vehicle types, regions, markets, and consumer classes provides important implications for formulating targeted policies that promote the sustainable development of the NEV industry.", "output": "Identifying Heterogeneous Willingness to Pay for New Energy Vehicles Attributes: A Discrete Choice Experiment in China", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The Schrodinger equation relates the emergent quantities of wavefunction and electric potential and is postulated as a principle of quantum physics or obtained heuristically. However, physical consistency requires that the Schrodinger equation is a low-energy dynamical condition we can derive from the foundations of quantum electrodynamics. Due to the small value of the electromagnetic coupling constant, we show that the electric potential accurately represents the contributions of intermediate low-energy photon exchanges. Then, from the total nonrelativistic energy relation, we see that the dominant term of the electron wavefunction is a superposition of plane waves that satisfies the Schrodinger equation. Our derivation shows that the Schrodinger equation is not an energy conservation relation because its middle term does not represent the electron kinetic energy as assumed. We analyze the physical content of the Schrodinger equation and verify our assessments by calculating and evaluating the physical quantities in the ground state of the hydrogen atom. Furthermore, we explain why nonrelativistic quantum dynamics differs from classical dynamics. Undergraduate students can follow the derivation because it involves fundamental physical concepts and mathematical expressions, and we explain every step.", "output": "Derivation of the Schr\u00f6dinger equation from QED", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The progress of dentistry towards a profession allied to medicine and surgery was incremental, and a most important step in that process was the separation of the surgeons from the barbers in 1745. Hogarth's illustration of a dentally active barber has been discussed previously in the British Dental Journal. In this paper, his probable contribution to the campaign for separation led successfully by his friend, surgeon John Ranby FRS (1703-1773), through the dramatic and much analysed painting The death of the countess (1743), is analysed. In this paper, it is suggested that William Hogarth was not only aware of the tensions between the physicians, surgeons and barbers that had come to a head, but that he modified the first thoughts, seen in a sketch (now at the Ashmolean, Oxford), to incorporate in this painting, and the print made from it a conspicuous sub-scene, almost central in a composition where the dying countess would be expected to be the only subject, as a satirical comment on that internal conflict.Provides a history of dentistry and professional advance.Focuses on William Hogarth and John Ranby FRS.Delves into medical ethics at the time.", "output": "John Ranby FRS, William Hogarth and the Barber Surgeons", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: In this case study, we analyze commentary made in school board meetings by both board members and community members over a period of five years in Jefferson County Public Schools, Kentucky, as a school safety reform around school policing took shape. We review meeting minutes, public commentary, and policy documents to illustrate how carceral ideas shaped stakeholders' views about safety, security, and what should happen in schools regarding police and students. We conclude with abolitionist perspectives about repair and investment in communities.", "output": "Carceral Care in Kentucky: The Case of a School Safety Plan", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Globally, more than 1 billion people with disabilities are disproportionately and differentially at risk from the climate crisis. Yet there is a notable absence of climate policy, programming, and research at the intersection of disability and climate change. Advancing climate justice urgently requires accelerated disability-inclusive climate action. We present pivotal research recommendations and guidance to advance disability-inclusive climate research and responses identified by a global interdisciplinary group of experts in disability, climate change, sustainable development, public health, environmental justice, humanitarianism, gender, Indigeneity, mental health, law, and planetary health. Climate-resilient development is a framework for enabling universal sustainable development. Advancing inclusive climate-resilient development requires a disability human rights approach that deepens understanding of how societal choices and actions-characterised by meaningful participation, inclusion, knowledge diversity in decision making, and co-design by and with people with disabilities and their representative organisations-build collective climate resilience benefiting disability communities and society at large while advancing planetary health.", "output": "Advancing disability-inclusive climate research and action, climate justice, and climate-resilient development.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: (1) Background: Global climate change is expected to significantly alter growing conditions along mountain gradients. Landscape ecological patterns are likely to shift significantly as species attempt to adapt to these changes. We evaluated the extent to which spatial (elevation and canopy cover) and temporal (decadal trend and El Ni & ntilde;o-Southern Oscillation/Pacific Decadal Oscillation) factors impact seasonal snowmelt and forest community dynamics in the Western Hemlock-True Fir ecotone region of the Oregon Western Cascades, USA. (2) Methods: Tsuga heterophylla and Abies amabilis seedling locations were mapped three times over 20 years (2002-2022) on five sample transects strategically placed to cross the ecotone. Additionally, daily ground temperature readings were collected over 10 years for the five transects using 123 data loggers to estimate below-canopy snow metrics. (3) Results: Based on validation using time-lapse cameras, the data loggers proved highly reliable for estimating snow cover. The method reported fewer days of snow cover as compared to meteorological station-based snow products for the region, emphasizing the importance of direct under-canopy field observations of snow. Snow season variability was most significantly impacted temporally by cyclical ENSO/PDO climate patterns and spatially by differences in canopy cover within the ecotone. The associated seedling analysis identified clear sorting of species by elevation within the ecotone but reflected a lack of a long-term trend, as species dominance in the seedling strata did not significantly shift along the elevation gradient over the 20-year study. (4) Conclusions: The data logger-based approach provided estimates of snow cover at ecologically significant locations and fine enough spatial resolutions to allow for the study of forest regeneration dynamics. The results highlight the importance of long-term, understory snow measurements and the influence of climatic oscillations in understanding the vulnerability of mountain areas to the changing climate.", "output": "A 20-Year Ecotone Study of Pacific Northwest Mountain Forest Vulnerability to Changing Snow Conditions", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Background Audit and Feedback (A&F) interventions based on quality indicators have been shown to lead to significant improvements in compliance with evidence-based care including de-adoption of low-value practices (LVPs). Our primary aim was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of adding a hypothetical A&F module targeting LVPs for trauma admissions to an existing quality assurance intervention targeting high-value care and risk-adjusted outcomes. A secondary aim was to assess how certain A&F characteristics might influence its cost-effectiveness.Methods We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis using a probabilistic static decision analytic model in the Quebec trauma care continuum. We considered the Quebec Ministry of Health perspective. Our economic evaluation compared a hypothetical scenario in which the A&F module targeting LVPs is implemented in a Canadian provincial trauma quality assurance program to a status quo scenario in which the A&F module is not implemented. In scenarios analyses we assessed the impact of A&F characteristics on its cost-effectiveness. Results are presented in terms of incremental costs per LVP avoided.Results Results suggest that the implementation of A&F module (Cost = $1,480,850; Number of LVPs = 6,005) is associated with higher costs and higher effectiveness compared to status quo (Cost = $1,124,661; Number of LVPs = 8,228). The A&F module would cost $160 per LVP avoided compared to status quo. The A&F module becomes more cost-effective with the addition of facilitation visits; more frequent evaluation; and when only high-volume trauma centers are considered.Conclusion A&F module targeting LVPs is associated with higher costs and higher effectiveness than status quo and has the potential to be cost-effective if the decision-makers' willingness-to-pay is at least $160 per LVP avoided. This likely represents an underestimate of true ICER due to underestimated costs or missed opportunity costs. Results suggest that virtual facilitation visits, frequent evaluation, and implementing the module in high-volume centers can improve cost-effectiveness.", "output": "Implementation of an audit and feedback module targeting low-value clinical practices in a provincial trauma quality assurance program: a cost-effectiveness study", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This article is an introduction to the forum that compares Austria and today's Czech Republic as immigration countries.", "output": "Austria and the Czech Republic as Immigration Countries: Transnational Labor Migration in Historical Comparison", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Cameras are a key element in machine vision, which are typically utilized in unmanned mobile devices. However, classical camera designs, which employ complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensor arrays and multiple lenses, do not facilitate module miniaturization. Meanwhile, the structures and functions of biological eyes provide valuable insights for the development of future camera technologies, thus allowing miniaturized form factors and intriguing imaging characteristics to be realized. Here, we summarize recent advances in bio-inspired cameras based on flexible and stretchable optoelectronic devices. First, we present fabrication strategies of curved image sensor arrays using mechanical device designs and intrinsically deformable nanomaterials. Subsequently, we introduce two types of bio-inspired cameras, i.e., single-lens cameras and compound-eye cameras, with emphasis on their unique imaging characteristics and fundamental principles. Finally, we discuss the prospect of bio-inspired cameras, highlighting in-sensor processing strategies that can realize more efficient machine vision systems.", "output": "Advances and Challenges in Bio-Inspired Cameras Based on Flexible and Stretchable Optoelectronic Devices", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Litigation is a creature of disagreement. Our essay explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to help reduce legal disagreements. In any litigation, parties disagree over the facts, the law, or how the law applies to the facts. The source of the parties' disagreements matters. It may determine the extent to which AI can help resolve their disputes. AI is helpful in clarifying the parties' misunderstanding over how well-defined questions of law apply to their facts. But AI may be less helpful when parties disagree on questions of fact where the prevailing facts dictate the legal outcome. The private nature of information underlying these factual disagreements typically fall outside the strengths of AI's computational leverage over publicly available data. A further complication: parties may disagree about which rule should govern the dispute, which can arise irrespective of whether they agree or disagree over questions of facts. Accordingly, while AI can provide clarity over legal precedent, it often may be insufficient to provide clarity over legal disputes.This article is part of the theme issue 'A complexity science approach to law and governance'.", "output": "AI and the nature of disagreement", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The robustness of dense visual SLAM is still a challenging problem in dynamic environments. In this paper, we propose a novel keyframe-based dense visual SLAM to handle a highly dynamic environment by using an RGB-D camera. The proposed method uses cluster-based residual models and semantic cues to detect dynamic objects, resulting in motion segmentation that outperforms traditional methods. The method also employs motion-segmentation based keyframe selection strategies and frame-to-keyframe matching scheme that reduce the influence of dynamic objects, thus minimizing trajectory errors. We further filter out dynamic object influence based on motion segmentation and then employ true matches from keyframes, which are near the current keyframe, to facilitate loop closure. Finally, a pose graph is established and optimized using the g2o framework. Our experimental results demonstrate the success of our approach in handling highly dynamic sequences, as evidenced by the more robust motion segmentation results and significantly lower trajectory drift compared to several state-of-the-art dense visual odometry or SLAM methods on challenging public benchmark datasets.", "output": "Keyframe-based RGB-D dense visual SLAM fused semantic cues in dynamic scenes", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This study's objective was to understand Colombian adolescents' experiences and preferences regarding access to sexual and reproductive health services (SRHS), either alone or accompanied. A mixed-method approach was used, involving a survey of 812 participants aged eleven to twenty-four years old and forty-five semi-structured interviews with participants aged fourteen to twenty-three. Previous research shows that adolescents prefer privacy when accessing SRHS and often do not want their parents involved. Such findings align with the longstanding tendency to frame the ethical principle of autonomy as based on independence in decision-making. However, the present study shows that such a conceptualization and application of autonomy does not adequately explain Colombian adolescent participants' preferences regarding access to SRHS. Participants shared a variety of preferences to access SRHS, with the majority of participants attaching great importance to having their parents involved, to varying degrees. What emerges is a more complex and non-homogenous conceptualization of autonomy that is not inherently grounded in independence from parental involvement in access to care. We thus argue that when developing policies involving adolescents, policymakers and health professionals should adopt a nuanced relational autonomy approach to better respect the myriad of preferences that Colombian (and other) adolescents may have regarding their access to SRHS.", "output": "A Mixed-Methods Study Exploring Colombian Adolescents' Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services: The Need for a Relational Autonomy Approach", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Importance Although incidence of suicide in depression varies remarkably temporally, risk factors have been modeled as constant and remain uncharted in the short term. How effectively factors measured at one point in time predict risk at different time points is unknown. Objective To examine the absolute risk and risk factors for suicide in hospitalized patients with depression starting from the first days after discharge up to 2 years and to evaluate whether the size of relative risk by factor displays temporal patterns over consecutive phases of follow-up. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based study using Finnish registers (hospital discharge, population, and cause of death registers) included all hospitalizations for depression as the principal diagnosis in Finland from 1996 to 2017, with a maximum follow-up of 2 years. Data were analyzed from January 2022 to November 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Incidence rate (IR), IR ratios, hazard functions, and hazard ratios for suicide by consecutive time periods (0 to 3 days, 4 to 7 days, 7 to 30 days, 31 to 90 days, 91 to 365 days, and 1 to 2 years) since discharge. Results This study included 193 197 hospitalizations among 91 161 individuals, of whom 51 197 (56.2%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 44.0 (17.3) years. Altogether, patients were followed up to 226 615 person-years. A total of 1219 men and 757 women died of suicide. Incidence of suicide was extremely high during the first days after discharge (IR of 6062 [95% CI, 4963-7404] per 100 000 on days 0 to 3; IR of 3884 [95% CI, 3119-4835] per 100 000 on days 4 to 7) and declined thereafter. Several factors were associated with risk of suicide over the first days after discharge. Current suicide attempt by hanging or firearms increased the risk of suicide most on days 0 to 3 (IR ratio, 18.9; 95% CI, 3.1-59.8) and on days 0 to 7 (IR ratio, 10.1; 95% CI, 1.7-31.5). Temporal patterns of the size of the relative risk diverged over time, being constant, declining, or increasing. Clinical factors had the strongest association immediately. Relative risk remained constant among men and even increased among those with alcohol or substance use disorder. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, patients hospitalized for depression had extremely high risk of suicide during the first days after discharge. Thereafter, incidence declined steeply but remained high. Within the periods of the highest risk of suicide, several factors increased overall risk manyfold. Risk factors' observed potencies varied over time and had characteristic temporal patterns.", "output": "Variations in Suicide Risk and Risk Factors After Hospitalization for Depression in Finland, 1996-2017", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: In setting the scene for the articles featured in the special issue, the Introduction provides a brief overview of the literature on the Axis between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany from its origins until the present day. While traditionally the historiography has overlooked culture as a point of contact between the two regimes, there is a small, but growing, body of recent research on the topic, which is often inspired by transnational, comparative, and global history. Thus, the introduction presents the cultural entanglements of Fascism and National Socialism as fertile ground for new research.", "output": "Introduction: The Cultural Axis Between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: PurposeDesigning and developing responsible business practices can create various tensions for service organizations. The purpose of this research is to develop a deeper understanding of the relationship between customer engagement (CE) and responsible business practices (e.g. environmental, social and/or governance [ESG], corporate social responsibility [CSR] and diversity, equity, and inclusion [DEI]) and explore customer engagement tensions that service organizations may face.Design/methodology/approachThis research develops a list of CE-related responsible business practice tensions and empirically explores their relevance through in-depth interviews with nine ESG professionals.FindingsThis paper makes three important contributions. First, we find support for nine distinct but related tensions with implications for CE that organizations must navigate when pursuing responsible business practices. Second, interview participants provide some suggestions for tackling these tensions, which we support with relevant theories. Finally, we develop a conceptual framework that may stimulate future service research and inform the implementation of ESG strategies.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this research is the first to conceptualize and empirically explore the tensions that emerge between responsible business practices and CE. The authors develop a novel analysis of the CE-related tensions that emerge when pursuing an ESG strategy.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are based on a small sample of ESG professionals. Future research may take a quantitative approach to further evaluate the role that these tensions play in engaging customers.Practical implicationsThis research provides a conceptual framework that may guide ESG professionals in understanding, framing and navigating CE-related tensions when pursuing responsible business practices.Social implicationsA social benefit may be found when service organizations are better able to successfully navigate CE-related tensions when pursuing responsible business practices.", "output": "Exploring customer engagement tensions when pursuing responsible business practices", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The Energy Management Systems (EMS) utilizes Dynamic State Estimation to monitor the operating condition of the power grid. For a synchronous generator, the speed and angle of a rotor are the most important dynamic states. These states are responsible for producing uncertainty in the power system models. Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Unscented Kalman Filters (UKF) are utilized to estimate the dynamic states of the power system when it perceives significant disturbances or noise. The conventional Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) has limitations in terms of slow convergence speed and its lack of positive semi-definiteness. This prohibits its ability to accurately track the transients of the system. The scaling parameters of UKF (alpha and beta) are optimally tuned to overcome these issues. In this paper, a novel Hybrid Whale-Tunicate-based UKF (HW-TO-UKF) is proposed for tuning the scaling parameters of UKF for reducing the mean difference between the real state and the measured state. During the validation of the proposed method, better robustness and statistical efficiency are achieved by defining the objective function as the minimization of the error difference between the actual and measured states. The simulation is carried out on the WSCC-3 and NPCC-48 machine systems to demonstrate the performance of the proposed HW-TO-UKF over the existing models.", "output": "Dynamic state estimation of power system using hybrid whale-tunicate optimized unscented Kalman filter based on wide area measurement systems", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The analysis of familial relationships among individuals co-buried in a shared tomb is crucial for understanding burial practices and the underlying social organization of ancient human society. However, archaeological interpretation of these relationships has traditionally relied on conjecture and circumstantial evidence. The development of next-generation sequencing technologies makes it possible to obtain genomic data from ancient individuals and thus can further estimate the genetic relatedness among these individuals in an accurate manner. In this study, we obtained the genomes of four individuals excavated from a single tomb in northern China. We found that three out of the four individuals were from a nuclear family, including the parents and their son, while the remaining female individual was genetically unrelated to the others. Our study not only shows that the burial custom was organized based on both biological relatedness and social kinship ties but also suggests the presence of likely female exogamy in ancient China. Finally, we find the genetic profile of these individuals carried a majority ancestry from the sedentary agriculturalists from the Central Plains of China and subtle ancestry that derived a gene pool associated with nomadic pastoralism, implying a long-standing genetic continuity among ancient populations in northern China, but with genetic and cultural connections with nomadic groups during the 11th to 13th centuries.", "output": "Ancient genomes reveal the origin and kinship burial patterns of human remains during the 11th to 13th centuries in northern China", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: ABSTRACT: Implementing experiential learning strategies in a concept-based curriculum offers a transformative opportunity for students to gain a patient's perspective when living with a chronic condition. This article discusses an experiential learning activity that engages learners in an immersive way as they learn the concepts of adherence and self-management in a chronic disease-focused nursing course.", "output": "A Day in the Life: A Concept-Based Experiential Learning Activity Simulating Life With a Chronic Condition.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Combining the traditional elicitation by decomposition with holistic evaluations within a decision process with multiple criteria is a peculiar aspect of the Flexible and Interactive Tradeoff (FITradeoff) method since two paradigms in preference modeling are integrated. Even though this integration leads to significant benefits to the decision process, it brings several implications that deserve a deep and detailed analysis with regard to some analytical aspects of the mathematical modeling of the method. Integrating the information obtained by these two different protocols causes significant modifications in the space of weights that may have noteworthy impacts on the results. Hence, this paper focuses its efforts on tackling and investigating such aspects of the FITradeoff method. We analyze properties and analytical aspects of FITradeoff in depth, in order to investigate how the information of holistic judgments can be inserted into the mathematical model of FITradeoff and to determine the potential implications of such integration, such as defining preference relationships and identifying potentially optimal alternatives. In addition, a new heuristic to reduce the number of questions in the elicitation by decomposition of FITradeoff is proposed. We also address situations of inconsistencies that may arise due to the conflicting information provided by decomposition and holistic judgments, as well as ways to solve such inconsistencies.", "output": "Analytical aspects of combining holistic evaluation and decomposition elicitation for preference modeling in the FITradeoff method", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Recent decades have witnessed digital twin as a toolkit to collect, process, and utilize graphical, spatial and other attribute data of cultural heritage. It has been widely applied on cultural world heritage sites in China, which have significant differences in ages, types, materials, and history of maintenance and conservation. Although specific cases are reported previously, a comprehensive overview is still lacking. This paper explores the association between digital twin and heritage conservation, classifying digital twin techniques into six levels to tackle three tasks: data acquisition, visualization and application. It systematically reviews Chinese heritage digitization practices, considering variations in complexity and purposes, and demonstrates typological and chronological characteristics as well as the composition of stakeholders. (c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.", "output": "Digital twin applications on cultural world heritage sites in China: A state-of-the-art overview", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: PURPOSE: In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognosis of invasive lung adenocarcinoma that manifests as pure ground glass nodules (pGGNs) and confirm the effectiveness of sublobectomy and lymph node sampling in patients with pGGN-featured invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC).MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 139 patients with pGGN-featured IAC, who underwent complete resection in two medical institutions between January 2011 and May 2022. Stratification analysis was conducted to ensure balanced baseline characteristics among the patients. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were compared between the groups using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank test.RESULTS: The 5-year OS and DFS rates for patients with IAC presenting as pGGNs after surgery were 96.5% and 100%, respectively. No lymph node metastasis or recurrence was observed in any of the enrolled patients. There was no statistically significant difference in the 5-year OS between patients who underwent lobectomy or sublobectomy, along with lymph node resection or sampling.CONCLUSION: IAC presented as pGGNs exhibited low-grade malignancy and had a relatively good prognosis. Therefore, these patients may be treated with sublobectomy and lymph node sampling.", "output": "Sublobectomy and lymph node sampling are adequate for patients with invasive lung adenocarcinoma presenting as pure ground glass nodules.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Droughts have been implicated as the main driver behind recent vegetation die-off and are projected to drive greater mortality under future climate change. Understanding the coupling relationship between vegetation and drought has been of great global interest. Currently, the coupling relationship between vegetation and drought is mainly evaluated by correlation coefficients or regression slopes. However, the optimal drought timescale of vegetation response to drought, as a key indicator reflecting vegetation sensitivity to drought, has largely been ignored. Here, we apply the optimal drought timescale identification method to examine the change in coupling between vegetation and drought over the past three decades (1982-2015) with long-term satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index data. We find substantial increasing response of vegetation to drought timescales globally, and the correlation coefficient between vegetation and drought under optimal drought timescale overall declines between 1982 and 2015. This decrease in vegetation-drought coupling is mainly observed in regions with water deficit, although its initial correlation is relatively high. However, vegetation in water-surplus regions, with low coupling in earlier stages, is prone to show an increasing trend. The observed changes may be driven by the increasing trend of atmospheric CO2. Our findings highlight more pressing drought risk in water-surplus regions than in water-deficit regions, which advances our understanding of the long-term vegetation-drought relationship and provides essential insights for mapping future vegetation sensitivity to drought under changing climate conditions.We applied the optimal drought timescale identification method to investigate changes in vegetation-drought coupling over the past three decades (1982-2015). We find a substantial increase in the timescales and a decline in maximum correlation, indicating the weakening coupling between vegetation and drought over time. Counterintuitively, decrease in vegetation-drought coupling is mainly observed in water deficit regions, while water surplus regions show an increasing trend, which highlights the upcoming risk for wet regions rather than arid regions. This incorporation of drought timescales will provide essential insights for mapping future forest/ecosystem vulnerability under changing climate conditions.image", "output": "Declining coupling between vegetation and drought over the past three decades", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This article explores the political messaging present on the walls and street furniture of the city of Athens in the context of displacement, border crossing and asylum seeking. It engages with photographs of graffiti, posters, and stencils, taken by the authors between 2017 and 2022, to demonstrate how 'banal' artefacts tell stories of the changing relationship between the city and seekers of sanctuary. We examine what roles graffiti might play in creating and supporting emotional proximity between groups of city dwellers, whose paths might not necessarily cross. Taking inspiration from Tazzioli's notion of the 'ethnography of vanishing spaces' (Tazzioli 2020: 150) the article maps the memories and histories of transient lives in Athens and how changing political responses and narratives can be read on its walls.", "output": "Archives of border crossing: Crafting emotional proximity and distance on the walls of Athens", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Ancient adhesives used in multicomponent tools may be among our best material evidences of cultural evolution and cognitive processes in early humans. African Homo sapiens is known to have made compound adhesives from naturally sticky substances and ochre, a technical behavior proposed to mark the advent of elaborate cognitive processes in our species. Foragers of the European Middle Paleolithic also used glues, but evidence of ochre-based compound adhesives is unknown. Here, we present evidence of this kind. Bitumen was mixed with high loads of goethite ochre to make compound adhesives at the type-site of the Mousterian, Le Moustier (France). Ochre loads were so high that they lowered the adhesive's performance in classical hafting situations where stone implements are glued to handles. However, when used as handheld grips on cutting or scraping tools, a behavior known from Neanderthals, high-ochre adhesives present a real benefit, improving their solidity and rigidity. Our findings help understand the implications of Pleistocene adhesive making.", "output": "Ochre-based compound adhesives at the Mousterian type-site document complex cognition and high investment", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: How can one conciliate the claim that humans are uncertainty minimizing systems that seek to navigate predictable and familiar environments with the claim that humans can be creative? We call this the Enlightened Room Problem (ERP). The solution, we suggest, lies not (or not only) in the error-minimizing brain but in the environment itself. Creativity emerges from various degrees of interplay between predictive brains and changing environments: ones that repeatedly move the goalposts for our own error-minimizing machinery. By (co)constructing these challenging worlds, we effectively alter and expand the space within which our own prediction engines operate, and that function as 'exploration bubbles' that enable information seeking, uncertainty minimizing minds to penetrate deeper and deeper into artistic, scientific and engineering space. In what follows, we offer a proof of principle for this kind of environmentally led cognitive expansion.This article is part of the theme issue 'Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and empirical perspectives'.", "output": "Cultivating creativity: predictive brains and the enlightened room problem", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Simon Hantai (1922-2008) was a highly influential postwar painter in Paris whose innovative serial practice, creative curiosity and theoretical convictions inspired a number of his contemporaries. His art media are typical of the period, consisting of commercial artists' products, sold in tubes and cans, which were available to artists in Europe and beyond. We have studied a series of samples from the brands Lefebvre-Foinet, Lefranc & Bourgeois and Valor using a combination of optical and electron microscopy, accelerator-mass spectrometry carbon -14 dating, infrared spectroscopy, structural analysis, chromatographic and mass spectrometry techniques. Of particular interest is the rare access to a coherent artist's studio collection and its dating in relation to the painter's works. We gained precise information on paint formulations, including main binders and pigments, as well as additives, such as free metal soaps, beeswax and pine resin. This suggests the value of further research into paint formulations and their identification in paintings from the second half of the 20th century. These materials were studied for their capacity as possible references for future analysis of the painter's artworks. The high degree of hydrolysis of the oil binder and alteration, notably by saponification, leads us to question the significance of these materials and the handling of the data generated towards comparative studies. These samples have a history; considering them as pristine references for comparative studies with the works of artists of the period cannot be done at the expense of their own materiality - and in particular their physicochemical evolution over time in their specific environment (c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.", "output": "A typical postwar workshop: Insights into Simon Hanta\u00ef's oil paint palette", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Although Western biomedical ethics emphasizes respect for autonomy, the medical decision-making of Muslim patients interacting with Western healthcare systems is more likely to be motivated by relational ethical and religious commitments that reflect the ideals of equity, reciprocity, and justice. Based on an in-depth cross-cultural comparison of Islamic and Western systems of biomedical ethics and an assessment of conceptual alignments and differences, we argue that, when working with Muslim patients, an ethics of respect extends to facilitating decision-making grounded in the patient's justice-related customs, beliefs, and obligations. We offer an overview of the philosophical contestations of autonomy-enhancing practices from the Islamic tradition of biomedical ethics, and examples that demonstrate a recommended shift of emphasis from an autonomy-centered to a justice-focused approach to culturally competent agency-promotion.", "output": "Culturally competent respect for the autonomy of Muslim patients: fostering patient agency by respecting justice", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Changes in work-up and histopathological assessment have caused stage and grade migration in men with prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of this study was to assess temporal trends in risk of PCa death for men with favourable-risk PCa managed with primary radical prostatectomy or observation.METHODS AND MATERIAL: Men aged 75 or younger with Charlson Comorbidity index 0-1 diagnosed with favourable-risk PCa (T1-T2, prostate specific antigen [PSA] <20 ng/mL and Gleason score 6 or 7[3+4]) in the period 2000-2016 who were treated with primary radical prostatectomy or managed with observation in PCBaSe 4.0. Treatment groups were compared following propensity score matching, and risk of PCa death was estimated by use of Cox regression analyses.RESULTS: A total of 9,666 men were selected for each treatment strategy. The 7-year cumulative incidence of PCa death decreased in all risk and treatment groups. For example, the incidence in men diagnosed with low-risk PCa and managed with observation was 1.2% in 2000-2005, which decreased to 0.4% in 2011-2016. Corresponding incidences for men with intermediate-risk PCa managed with observation were 2.0% and 0.7%. The relative risk of PCa death was lower in men with low-risk PCa managed with radical prostatectomy compared to observation: in 2000-2005 hazard ratio (HR) 0.20 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10-0.38) and in 2011-2016 HR 0.35 (95% CI 0.05-2.26). Corresponding risks for men with intermediate-risk PCa were HR 0.28 (95% CI 0.16-0.47) and HR 0.21 (95% CI 0.04-1.18). The absolute risk reduction of radical prostatectomy compared to observation for men with low-risk PCa was 1% in 2000-2005 and 0.4% in 2011-2016, and for men with intermediate-risk PCa 1.1% in 2000-2005 and 0.7% in 2011-2016.CONCLUSION: Men diagnosed in 2011-2016 with low-risk and favourable intermediate-risk PCa have a similar relative benefit but smaller absolute benefit of curative treatment compared to men diagnosed in 2000-2005.", "output": "Temporal trend in risk of prostate cancer death in men with favourable-risk prostate cancer.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The present geophysical research aims to evaluate the applicability of multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) on mapping ultrashallow underwater ancient masonry remnants. The work presents the analysis from a single seismic line using MASW and seismic refraction tomography (SRT) methods and its corresponding electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) section surveyed at the submerged prehistoric site of Agioi Theodoroi area located 10 km eastern of Heraklion, Crete, Greece. The 2D MASW velocity model exhibits significant correspondence with the resistivity structure extracted from the ERT data, showing lateral S-wave velocity (Vs) variations at the positions where the high resistivity anomalies exist. The analysis of synthetic seismic data calculated from a respective model reproduced a comparable S-wave velocity pseudo-section with the real data. However, the investigated targets (submerged buried masonry) appear shallower and wider in MASW sections than in the real world and the corresponding synthetic models, due to insufficient vertical and horizontal resolution of this method. Surface waves travelling through the seafloor sediments (Scholte-waves) demonstrate very low velocity values. This makes them suitable for the detection of shallow and relatively large (> 0.5 m) underwater manmade structures, providing the enhancement of MASW method resolution, by utilizing a high frequency (> 100 Hz) seismic source, recording short Scholte wavelengths (<= 1 m) and using shorter (<= 0.5 m) receiver spacing and array length. Consequently, the results of this work demonstrate the potential in employing conventional seismic techniques in the delineation of underwater antiquities and the revealing of the cultural dynamics in very shallow off-shore archaeological sites.", "output": "Assess the Effectiveness of Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves Method in Mapping Ancient Structures in Ultrashallow Aquatic Environments: The Case of Agioi Theodoroi, Greece", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Antinatalism is an emerging philosophy and practice that challenges pronatalism, the prevailing philosophy and practice in reproductive matters. We explore justifications of antinatalism-the arguments from the quality of life, the risk of an intolerable life, the lack of consent, and the asymmetry of good and bad-and argue that none of them supports a concrete, understandable, and convincing moral case for not having children. We identify concentration on possible future individuals who may or may not come to be as the main culprit for the failure and suggest that the focus should be shifted to people who already exist. Pronatalism's hegemonic status in contemporary societies imposes upon us a lifestyle that we have not chosen yet find almost impossible to abandon. We explicate the nature of this imposition and consider the implications of its exposure to different stakeholders with varying stands on the practice of antinatalism. Imposition as a term has figured in reproductive debates before, but the argument from postnatal, mental, and cultural imposition we launch is new. It is the hitherto overlooked and underdeveloped justification of antinatalism that should be solid and comprehensible enough to be used even by activists in support of their work.", "output": "Imposing a Lifestyle: A New Argument for Antinatalism.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Premise Phylogeographical studies are fundamental for understanding factors that influence the spatial distribution of genetic lineages within species. Population expansions and contractions, distribution shifts, and climate changes are among the most important factors shaping the genetic compositions of populations.Methods We investigated the phylogeography of an endemic oak, Quercus mexicana (Fagaceae), which has a restricted distribution in northeastern Mexico along the Sierra Madre Oriental and adjacent areas. Nuclear and chloroplast DNA microsatellite markers were used to describe the genetic diversity and structure of 39 populations of Q. mexicana along its entire distribution area. We tested whether population expansion or contraction events influenced the genetic diversity and structure of the species. We also modeled the historical distributional range of Q. mexicana (for the Mid Holocene, the Last Glacial Maximum, and the Last Interglacial) to estimate the extent to which climate fluctuations have impacted the distribution of this oak species.Results Our results revealed high genetic diversity and low genetic structure in Q. mexicana populations. Ecological niche models suggested historical fluctuations in the distributional range of Q. mexicana. Historical range changes, gene flow, and physical barriers seem to have played an important role in shaping the phylogeographic structure of Q. mexicana.Conclusions Our study indicates that the genetic structure of Q. mexicana may have been the result of responses of oak trees not only to heterogeneous environments present in the Sierra Madre Oriental and adjacent areas, but also to elevational and latitudinal shifts in response to climate changes in the past.", "output": "Nuclear and chloroplast DNA phylogeography reveals high genetic diversity and postglacial range expansion in Quercus mexicana", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The urban planning evolution of Jaffa has been significantly shaped by political dynamics and conflict. Before 1948, Jaffa exhibited a diverse population and a distinctive urban layout reflective of its unique character. The British and Arab vision of the time aimed to expand and modernize Jaffa's urban fabric; however, the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 led to a reevaluation of urban plans to accommodate a growing Jewish population and their vision for a modern city. Focusing on specific neighbourhoods, this article delves into the intricate interplay of social, political, and economic forces that have shaped Jaffa's urban structure, planning strategies, and development outcomes. Through this examination, valuable insights emerge, shedding light on the role of planning in shaping the social fabric of cities navigating significant historical and geopolitical transitions. The article emphasizes the delicate balance between modernization imperatives and the preservation of cultural heritage, underscoring the significance of fostering social inclusion and pursuing equitable development.", "output": "The urban planning transformation of Jaffa: pre and post-1948 perspectives", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This article examines the BBC's radio monitoring service, its relationship with Whitehall, and the CIA's Foreign Broadcasting Information Service (FBIS). Radio monitoring was invaluable for analysing broadcasting in states, such as in Egypt, where the media became state controlled. Listening to radio broadcasts provided invaluable open-source intelligence concerning internal economic and political developments that might have been difficult to collect by more orthodox mechanisms. This article focuses on Anglo-American monitoring of Egyptian 'political' broadcasts by Sawt al-Arab (Voice of the Arabs) that were widely listened to across the Middle East and East Africa. Egyptian transmissions were characterised by their hostility to Britain's allies and interests in Iraq, Jordan, and the Persian Gulf, which explains why they were examined in detail by the Joint Intelligence Committee. The evidence shows radio monitoring reports were invaluable for officials on the ground and in Whitehall, but the impact of intelligence analysis of Egypt's intentions on high level decision making in Whitehall is contestable.", "output": "Listening to Cairo: British radio monitoring and intelligence gathering, c. 1953-1967", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: 3D object detection from images, one of the fundamental and challenging problems in autonomous driving, has received increasing attention from both industry and academia in recent years. Benefiting from the rapid development of deep learning technologies, image-based 3D detection has achieved remarkable progress. Particularly, more than 200 works have studied this problem from 2015 to 2021, encompassing a broad spectrum of theories, algorithms, and applications. However, to date no recent survey exists to collect and organize this knowledge. In this paper, we fill this gap in the literature and provide the first comprehensive survey of this novel and continuously growing research field, summarizing the most commonly used pipelines for image-based 3D detection and deeply analyzing each of their components. Additionally, we also propose two new taxonomies to organize the state-of-the-art methods into different categories, with the intent of providing a more systematic review of existing methods and facilitating fair comparisons with future works. In retrospect of what has been achieved so far, we also analyze the current challenges in the field and discuss future directions for image-based 3D detection research.", "output": "3D Object Detection From Images for Autonomous Driving: A Survey", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of neurocognitive disorder among people living with HIV/AIDS in South Gondar primary hospitals, North-West Ethiopia, 2023.DESIGN: Institution-based cross-sectional study design.SETTING: South Gondar primary hospitals, North-West Ethiopia.PARTICIPANTS: 608 participants were recruited using the systematic random sampling technique.MEASUREMENT: Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and medical chart reviews. The International HIV Dementia Scale was used to screen for neurocognitive disorder. The data were entered through EPI-DATA V.4.6 and exported to SPSS V.21 statistical software for analysis. In the bivariable logistic regression analyses, variables with a value of p<0.25 were entered into a multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify factors independently associated with neurocognitive disorder. Statistical significance was declared at a value of p<0.05.RESULTS: The prevalence of neurocognitive disorder among HIV-positive participants was 39.1%. In multivariable logistic regression, lower level of education (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.94; 95% CI 1.29 to 6.82), unemployment (AOR=2.74; 95% CI 1.29 to 6.84) and comorbid medical illness (AOR=1.80; 95% CI 1.03 to 3.14) were significantly associated with neurocognitive disorder.CONCLUSION: HIV-associated neurocognitive problems affected over a third of the participants. According to the current study, comorbid medical conditions, unemployment and low educational attainment are associated with an increased risk of neurocognitive disorder. Therefore, early detection and treatment are essential.", "output": "Prevalence and associated factors of neurocognitive disorder among people living with HIV/AIDS in the South Gondar zone primary hospitals, North-West Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Patterns of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) exhibit strong diversity, ranging from being dominated by the western tropical Indian Ocean (WTIO) to the eastern tropical Indian Ocean (ETIO). Whether and how the different types of IOD variability patterns affect the variability of Antarctic sea ice is not known, nor is how the impact may change in a warming climate. Here, we find that the leading mode of austral spring Antarctic sea ice variability is dominated by WTIO SST variability rather than ETIO SST or El Nino-Southern Oscillation. WTIO warm SST anomalies excite a poleward-propagating Rossby wave, inducing a tri-polar anomaly pattern characterized by a decrease in sea ice near the Amundsen Sea but an increase in regions on both sides. Such impact has been weakening in the two decades post-2000, accompanied by weakened WTIO SST variability. Under greenhouse warming, climate models project a decrease in WTIO SST variability, suggesting that the reduced impact on Antarctic sea ice from the IOD will likely to continue, facilitating a fast decline of Antarctic sea ice.", "output": "Weakened western Indian Ocean dominance on Antarctic sea ice variability in a changing climate.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Understanding the potential tradeoffs in the social perceptions of ecosystem services (ED) and disservices (EDS) may help decision-making when managing human-modified landscapes like agroecosystems. These tradeoffs are critical when ES and EDS come from the same provider. Using bats as a provider example, we show how understanding tradeoffs between ES and EDS may assist in exploring management actions to mitigate human-bat conflicts and thus promote bat conservation. We used a socio-cultural approach consisting of focus groups and individual stakeholder interviews. People noticed more EDS than ES related to the presence of bats, mainly personal security (fear of attacks) and health (risk of disease transmission). Suppression of insect agricultural pests was the most frequently mentioned service. Incomplete and distorted information from mass media sources strongly influences people's perceptions of bats. Avoiding human-bat contact may help counteract the fear, insecurity and unpleasantness people perceive from bats. Innovative management interventions, such as bat boxes and other artificial roosts, may help to favour bat conservation and their role in the agroecosystem, while other management actions (e.g., educational programs to reinforce ES) help balance ES and EDS tradeoffs. Nevertheless, balancing the tradeoffs in people's perceptions of ES and EDS related to bats and collaboration among public and private institutions is necessary to facilitate conservation, management, and environmental education. Our findings recognise society's challenges and how best to identify, protect, and conserve critical human and ecosystem health services in agroecosystems and human-modified landscapes.", "output": "Tradeoffs in people's perceptions about ecosystem services and disservices related to bats: Implications for managing agroecosystems and conserving bats", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Territorial disputes have intensified in Latin America due to the advance of neo-extractivism, while agrarian socio-territorial movements have created strategies of resistance and reinvention of their territorialities. In dialogue with political ecology perspectives, we seek to understand the dynamics of these movements in Argentina and Brazil. We analyzed the information systematized in the DataLuta Network database on the actions and reactions of socio-territorial movements based on published news reports in 2021. We noted that, even with different political contexts, the socio-territorial movements of Argentina and Brazil have included environmental issues in their agendas, demonstrated by their commitment to the fight against pesticides, agro-industry, and mining, and in defense of agroecology and the production of healthy food.La disputa territorial se ha intensificado en America Latina por el avance del neoextractivismo, mientras que los movimientos socioterritoriales agrarios han creado estrategias de resistencia y reinvencion de sus territorialidades. Dialogando con las perspectivas de la ecologia politica, buscamos comprender la dinamica de estos movimientos en Argentina y Brasil. Analizamos la informacion sistematizada en la base de datos de la Red DataLuta sobre las acciones y reacciones de los movimientos socioterritoriales a partir de las noticias publicadas en 2021. Notamos que, aun con diferentes contextos politicos, los movimientos socioterritoriales de Argentina y Brasil han incluido la cuestion ambiental en sus agendas, que se manifiesta en su compromiso con la lucha contra los plaguicidas, la agroindustria y la mineria, en la defensa de la agroecologia y la produccion de alimentos saludables.", "output": "A Political Ecology of Resistance: Actions and Reactions of Agrarian Socio-territorial Movements in Latin America", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This article tunes in to the British Broadcasting Corporation's (BBC) heart-warming radio program, The Listening Project (TLP), aired from 2012 until 2022. Comparing TLP to its source model from the US, StoryCorps, to previous British public access broadcasting initiatives (such as Open Door and Video Nation), as well as to social media, I highlight the interests at stake in the BBC's presentation of listening in the service of imagined national community, an idea echoed by the British Library's Oral History department where the TLP interviews are archived. I posit that TLP's homely chats between family, friends, or caring strangers-about everything from bath times to Brexit-reflect a feminist and forgiving public, nurtured by the BBC civic ideals. This can be enjoyed and valued as a counterweight to social media riven with postdemocratic, divisive nationalism. After introducing the scope and scale of the project, I explore criticisms of TLP as cozy confessions for comfortable BBC audiences. I go on to weigh them against the BBC's in-house oral history, which reveals the broadcaster's people and policies, including its struggles to be as well as shape a national community that is multicultural, diverse, and inclusive. I argue that the BBC's decision through a partnership with the University of Sussex to open the archive as a public catalog and online guided exhibit in Voices of the BBC is a listening project in its own way. These very different forms of interviews confirm, however, the serious civic ambitions behind TLP. The conversations testify to everyday resilience in the face of a troubled and unequal modern Britain, but the project's closure reflects how difficult it is for the BBC to fulfill its mission, values, and public purposes in fractured times.", "output": "Listening Projects: The BBC, Oral History, and the Nation in Fractured Times", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The identification of the hormone erythropoietin (EPO), which regulates red blood cell production, and its development into a pharmaceutical-grade product to treat anemia has been not only a herculean task but it has also been the first of its kind. As with all the successes, it had winners and losers, but its history is mostly told by the winners who, over the years, have published excellent scientific and divulgate summaries on the subject, some of which are cited in this review. In addition, success is also due to the superb and dedicated work of numerous crew members, who often are under-represented and under-recognized when the story is told and often have several dark sides that are not told in the polished context of most reviews, but which raised the need for the development of the current legislation on biotherapeutics. Although I was marginally involved in the clinical development of erythropoietin, I have known on a personal basis most, if not all, the protagonists of the saga and had multiple opportunities to talk with them on the drive that supported their activities. Here, I will summarize the major steps in the development of erythropoietin as the first bioproduct to enter the clinic. Some of the dark sides will also be mentioned to emphasize what a beautiful achievement of humankind this process has been and how the various unforeseen challenges that emerged were progressively addressed in the interest of science and of the patient's wellbeing.", "output": "Erythropoietin: A Personal Alice in Wonderland Trip in the Shadow of the Giants", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Do trade reforms that significantly reduce import barriers lead to faster economic growth? In the twenty-five years since Rodr & iacute;guez and Rodrik's (2000) critical survey of empirical work on this question, new research has tried to overcome the various methodological problems that have plagued previous attempts to provide a convincing answer. I examine three strands of recent work on this issue: cross-country regressions focusing on within-country growth, synthetic control methods on specific reform episodes, and empirical country studies looking at the channels through which lower trade barriers may increase productivity. A consistent finding is that trade reforms have had a positive impact on economic growth, on average, although the effect is heterogeneous across countries. Overall, these research findings should temper some of the previous agnosticism about the empirical link between trade reform and economic performance.", "output": "Does Trade Reform Promote Economic Growth? A Review of Recent Evidence", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Fact-checking initiatives have rapidly expanded worldwide with the overall aim of assessing the veracity of factual claims made in public. In this paper, we critique how the objectivity norm informs the current role perception of fact-checkers and suggest ways to reinterpret this perception through rhetorical argumentation theory. First, we point to research literature on fact-checking as a site in which role perceptions of fact-checkers and epistemological ideals are represented, (re)created and contested, marking out an objectivist role perception. Second, we highlight recent contributions from scholars who, like us, have noticed tensions between the objectivist role perception and role performances of fact-checkers and constructively recommended different ways of working around these tensions. In dialogue with these suggestions, we propose that rhetorical argumentation theory can be considered a supplementary resource to further advance epistemological discussions on the role perception of fact-checkers. In addition, the vocabulary from rhetorical argumentation theory holds potential for methodological operationalisation to guide the future role performances of fact-checkers. Finally, to develop our suggestion further, we propose a new research agenda embracing action-oriented research as an integrated way of developing fact-checkers' role and practise together with practitioners.", "output": "And That's a Fact: A Rhetorical Perspective on the Role of Fact-Checkers", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: Effective nursing leadership improves health care quality, patient well-being, and nursing staff outcomes. Newly graduated nurses face challenges in transitioning into leadership roles. Thus, examining the leadership development interventions for nursing students is critical.PURPOSE: This systematic review examined the characteristics and effectiveness of leadership development interventions designed for and implemented with undergraduate nursing students.METHODS: A comprehensive search covered Scopus, CINAHL Ultimate, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, WOS Core Collection, Journals@Ovid, JSTOR Journals, and ERIC databases. Included studies were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.RESULTS: The final review comprised 19 studies showcasing positive impacts on leadership development. The interventions varied in leadership approach, design and content, structure, qualifications, student involvement, and outcomes.CONCLUSIONS: Leadership development interventions are effective in enhancing nursing students' leadership. Nevertheless, future interventions should prioritize well-structured content, and studies must incorporate robust methodologies.", "output": "Systematic Review on Characteristics and Effects of Leadership Development Interventions for Nursing Students.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: During 1910s-1940s, Indian intellectuals developed physical anthropology as a modern nationalist discipline for the subcontinent. Through their contributions, they sought to construct themselves as disciplinary experts. To legitimize their expertise, even while they remained colonized subjects, Indian anthropologists foregrounded their research as more scientific than that of the colonial administrators. This claim of being better equipped to study the subcontinent's anthropological diversity was based on the Indian anthropologists' purported familiarity with the region's culture and history. This essay shows how their sociohistorical position helped them claim scientific expertise and yet also obscured other imaginations of community identities. Indian researchers insisted on keeping ethnicity and race separate. However, their choice of which communities to study and who to analyze racially reveals how ethnicity and race came to be co-constituted. Identities based on caste, regions, languages, and religion came to be ascribed with racial-biological meaning, often reinforcing existing social hierarchies.", "output": "Experts of Identity: Race, Ethnicity, and Science in India, 1910s-1940s", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Agricultural nonpoint source pollution (ANPS) can cause systemic pollution of the ecological environment, directly threatening sustainable agricultural development and human health and safety. Accurate estimation of ANPS loads, clarification of the sources and spatial distribution patterns of ANPS, and effective control and management of ANPS in the watershed require identifying critical source areas. This case study focuses on the Danjiang River basin, a critical water source for China's South-to-North Water Division and demonstrates the efficiency of ArcGIS's spatial statistical analysis methods in discovering the hidden spatial pattern of ANPS and extracting the causes associated with the spatial pattern, as well as the accuracy of identifying critical source areas of ANPS. In this study, two spatial statistical analysis methods, Anselin local Moran's I and hot-spot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*), are applied to propose a method for accurately identifying critical source areas of ANPS based on the spatial distribution of ANPS loads. The results of the study are as follows: (1) based on the MIKE LOAD model, the annual ANPS loads of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in the Danhan River basin are calculated as 182,530.15, 16,137.39, 58,285.92, and 2,962.84 t/yr, respectively. (2) Clusters are mainly distributed in the southwestern part of the watershed, and the spatial pattern is directly related to land use and rural population; the spatial pattern of outliers is related to agricultural modes and geographical characteristics. (3) Hot spot clusters are concentrated in the hinterland of Hanzhong Plain; the regional specialty of agriculture is the dominant factor in determining the spatial pattern of cold-spot and hot-spot clusters. (4) Based on these findings, seven critical subbasins and one critical source area of ANPS that need to be prioritized for control in the study area are identified.", "output": "The Application of Local Moran's I and Getis-Ord Gi* to Identify Spatial Patterns and Critical Source Areas of Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Archaeologists are increasingly interested in studying the role emotions have played in past human decision making. This paper demonstrates how awe is under-appreciated within archaeology despite it being uniquely available to archaeological research given its connection to monumental architecture and communal rituals. Archaeological engagement with awe is particularly important as psychological research has demonstrated that it is a prosocial emotion that leads to the creation of more extensive and stronger social bonds between individuals. A novel interpretation of Poverty Point (USA) is provided to illustrate the importance of studying awe, as this massive earthwork site was built more than 3000 years ago through large-scale gatherings. Reconsidered as a place of awe, Poverty Point is recast as an emotional locale where larger social and cultural identities and relationships were formed.", "output": "The Archaeology of Awe: Monumental Architecture, Communal Ritual, and Community Formation at Poverty Point, USA", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This paper studies the economic impact of foreign aid on Italian firms. In particular, I study the different effects of three main forms of aid: Export-Import Bank loans, Marshall Plan European Recovery Program (ERP) 'dollars' loans and the Marshall Plan ERP 'lire' loans. In all programmes, the United States sent technologically advanced machinery to allow for a modernization of the technology of Italian firms, but the conditions of such loans differed. This paper tests how crucial such different features have been for the effectiveness of firm reconstruction aid. By creating a new dataset on recipient firms and linking it to a large comprehensive firm-level dataset (Imita.db), I compare the effects on the performance of firms. I find that the Export-Import Bank loan raised the long-run profitability of firms, but that firms which received more flexible forms of Marshall Plan aid ('ERP-lire') raised their performance much more than Export-Import Bank recipients. Recipients who only received funds provided with long delays ('ERP-dollars') did not benefit from them. This evidence suggests that rather than receiving foreign aid per se, the most crucial features of reconstruction aid in Italy have been obtaining the requested goods on time and adjusting requests to receive the most needed productive goods.", "output": "It's not about the money: New evidence on US reconstruction aid in Italy, 1947-68", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Entering the political arena isn't for everyone, but here the second - and currently only - vet to sit in the House of Lords, Lord Trees, and his parliamentary intern, discuss why contributing to parliamentary business is an exciting and stimulating end and start to their respective careers.", "output": "From pets to parliament: why we chose to shape veterinary policy of the future.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: A common understanding emphasizes the destructive effects of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) on social cohesion and community life. Stressing the agency of survivors, we present an alternative argument. Our theory predicts that survivors seek to counteract the stigma attached to CRSV by contributing to the community in the form of civic engagement. Drawing on three original surveys from Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, and Sri Lanka and relying on list experiments to reduce underreporting bias, we find that survivors of CRSV indeed show increased levels of civic engagement. This civic effect is consistent across the three contexts and very likely causal. We also rule out an alternative mechanism based on posttraumatic growth and dispel concerns that increased civic engagement comes at the expense of decreased intergroup relations. However, looking at sex differences, our results are more sobering. While in line with our prediction, they do not support the optimistic notion that survivors' mobilization results in female empowerment and the closing of existing gender gaps in civic behavior. Our findings have important implications for our understanding of CRSV, the legacy of violent conflict, and the gendered nature of politics.", "output": "The gendered costs of stigma: How experiences of conflict-related sexual violence affect civic engagement for women and men", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Rolling shutter temporal super-resolution (RSSR), which aims to synthesize intermediate global shutter (GS) video frames between two consecutive rolling shutter (RS) frames, has made remarkable progress with the development of deep convolutional neural networks over the past years. Existing methods cascade multiple separated networks to sequentially estimate intermediate motion fields and synthesize target GS frames. Nevertheless, they are typically complex, do not facilitate the interaction of complementary motion and appearance information, and suffer from problems such as pixel aliasing or poor interpretation. In this paper, we derive the uniform bilateral motion fields for RS-aware backward warping, which endows our network a more explicit geometric meaning by injecting spatio-temporal consistency information through time-offset embedding. More importantly, we develop a unified, single-stage RSSR pipeline to recover the latent GS video in a coarse-to-fine manner. It first extracts pyramid features from given inputs, and then refines the bilateral motion fields together with the anchor frame until generating the desired output. With the help of our proposed bilateral cost volume, which uses the anchor frame as a common reference to model the correlation with two RS frames, the gradually refined anchor frames not only facilitate intermediate motion estimation, but also compensate for contextual details, making additional frame synthesis or refinement networks unnecessary. Meanwhile, an asymmetric bilateral motion model built on top of the symmetric bilateral motion model further improves the generality and adaptability, yielding better GS video reconstruction performance. Extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments on synthetic and real data demonstrate that our method achieves new state-of-the-art results.", "output": "Learning Bilateral Cost Volume for Rolling Shutter Temporal Super-Resolution", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the incidence of post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) in renal transplant (RT) patients at our center and to explore new risk factors for PTDM. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective study included RT patients from 2010 to 2022. Clinic data on RT patients were obtained from hospital electronic medical records. CYP3A5*3, POR*28, ABCB1 (3435 C>T), and ABCB1 (1236 C>T) were genotyped in RT patients. The associations between age, BMI, concentration of tacrolimus (TAC), polymorphism of genes, antibiotics (eg, penicillins, cephalosporins, oxazolidinones, quinolones), numbers and days of antibiotic use, and PTDM were analyzed. RESULTS In this study, 409 patients with RT were included. The cumulative incidence of PTDM in the first year after RT was 9.05%. The numbers and days of antibiotic use in PTDM patients were significantly higher than those in non-PTDM patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age (OR=1.047, P=0.014), body mass index (BMI) (OR=1.178, P=0.007), dose-adjusted trough concentration of TAC (TAC C\u2080/D) at 7 days after RT (OR=1.159, P=0.042), trough concentration of TAC (TAC C\u2080) at 28 days after RT (OR=1.094, P=0.042), and levofloxacin (OR=5.975, P=0.003) as independent risk factors for PTDM. CONCLUSIONS In addition to age, BMI, and TAC concentration after RT, antibiotic use may be a novel factor affecting PTDM. The use of antibiotics may influence the development of PTDM.", "output": "Does Antibiotic Use Increase the Risk of Post-Transplantation Diabetes Mellitus? A Retrospective Study of Renal Transplant Patients.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The article examines the disintegration processes that are a consequence of the collapse of the Russian hegemonic order in the post-Soviet space. Russia's disagreement with the established system of international order and US hegemony was one of the reasons for Russia's military invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. On the one hand, the invasion in Ukraine is Russia's attempt to hold on to the hegemonic order and to form a geopolitical bloc with potential allies, including China, Iran and India, which also oppose the global hegemony of the United States. On the other, the invasion in Ukraine is a redefinition of its own geopolitical ambitions, which Russia uses to constitute an alternative hegemonic order of the global level.", "output": "The End of Russian Hegemony in the Post-Soviet Space? War in Ukraine and Disintegration Processes in Eurasia", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The work involved the elemental characterisation by micro energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry of copper-based objects recovered during archaeological works at the neighbouring roman sites of Moinho do Castelinho and Quinta da Bolacha (Lusitania province). The set of 9 artefacts comprised ornaments, tools and implements of different type (fibula, shroud pin, punches, spatula, hook and nail), in addition to small fragments of unknown functionality (a fragmented handle and a small bar). MicroEDXRF point analyses identified a diversified metallurgy including copper, bronze and leaded bronze, in addition to iron, nickel, arsenic and antimony as minor elements. Furthermore, micro-EDXRF elemental mappings identified the presence of Pb-rich inclusions in the bronze alloys with higher lead content. The composition of these roman artefacts suggests a selection of alloys according to the functionality of the artefact, as evidenced by a nail composed of copper, a handle with a more complex shape made with leaded bronze and a bronze fibula with a higher amount of tin. Finally, the choice of distinct alloys for everyday objects was viewed in the light of technological, symbolic and economic concerns, and compared with the use pattern of roman sites in the western end of the Iberian Peninsula.(c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.", "output": "The composition of roman metals from Moinho do Castelinho and Quinta da Bolacha (Portugal)", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Values-based medicine (VsBM) is an ethical concept, and bioethical framework has been developed to ensure that medical ethics and values are implemented, pervasive, and powerful parameters influencing decisions about health, clinical practice, teaching, medical industry, career development, malpractice, and research. Neurosurgeons tend to adopt ethics according to their own values and to what they see and learn from teachers. Neurosurgeons, in general, are aware about ethical codes and the patient's rights. However, the philosophy, concept, and principles of medical ethics are rarely included in the training programs or in training courses. The impact of implementing, observing the medical ethics and the patients' value and culture on the course, and outcome of patients' management should not underestimate. The main principles of medical ethics are autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, dignity, and honesty, which should be strictly observed in every step of medical practice, research, teaching, and publication. Evidence-based medicine has been popularized in the last 40-50years in order to raise up the standard of medical practice. Medical ethics and values have been associated with the medical practice for thousands of years since patients felt a need for treatment. There is no conflict between evidence-based medicine and values-based medicine, as a medical practice should always be performed within a frame of ethics and respect for patients' values. Observing the principles of values-based medicine became very relevant as multicultural societies are dominant in some countries and hospitals in different corners of the world.", "output": "Values-Based Medicine Is an Ethical Concept for Implementing the Ethical Principles in Daily Practice.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This article studies the spillover effects of an Italian anti-corruption measure targeting municipalities colluding with organized crime. We assess its impact on neighboring municipalities' procurement practices. Our findings reveal that neighboring municipalities increase contracts falling below the 40,000 Euro threshold, which bear lighter evidentiary requirements, and are consequently harder to monitor. The neighboring municipalities strategically evade stricter regulations by fragmenting major projects into different sub-threshold contracts. Our analysis presents three evidence that this response stems from greater law enforcement monitoring. First, the number of arrests increases in the area after the implementation of the measure. Then, we demonstrate that the spillovers are more pronounced in areas with greater prior law enforcement activity. Lastly, we illustrate how neighboring municipalities react to the dissolution by reducing their engagement in activities that are more susceptible to monitoring. This is evident in their decreased participation in renegotiating public works contracts (JEL D730, H570, K420).", "output": "Sweeping the dirt under the rug: measuring spillovers of an anti-corruption measure", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The twentieth-century logical mainstream, derived from works by & Lstrok;ukasiewicz and Scholz, pictures the history of logic for the most part as the prehistory of Boolean-Fregean mathematical logic. Particularly, with respect to classical propositional calculus, the Stoic logic has been pictured as an early stage of it and Aristotle's or the Peripatetics' logic as a theory that assumes it. Although it was not emphasised, it follows that the ancient logics contain the principle of explosion. In the endmost quarter of the twentieth century, a competitive view began to spread to the effect that the ancient systems of logic were paraconsistent or relevantistic. In the twenty-first century, the latter view prevails and has every chance of becoming a new orthodoxy. It is claimed that although in & Lstrok;ukasiewicz's argument for the classicality of ancient logics, there are gaps, it may be demonstrated that the ancient logics contain the principle of explosion.", "output": "Are Ancient Logics Explosive?", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This paper explores the contribution of universities to regional development and innovation in locked-in and vulnerable resource-based regions of the Global South. Building on a regional change agency approach, we identify the combination of key factors and context preconditions for universities to successfully fulfil their local engagement role in a particularly challenging environment. To do so, we use a comparative case study of two mining regions in Peru. Our results reveal that the prevalence of a climate of conflict and the lack of an innovation culture in the regional ecosystem are important challenges, while strategic leadership and institutional capacities are central elements for universities to fulfil their role as transformative agents.", "output": "Universities as catalysts of change in locked-in and vulnerable resource-based regions of the Global South", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has been widely used in pipeline detection and underground diagnosis. In practical applications, the characteristics of the GPR data of the detected area and the likely underground anomalous structures could be rarely acknowledged before fully analyzing the obtained GPR data, causing challenges to identify the underground structures or anomalies automatically. In this article, a GPR B-scan image diagnosis method based on learning in the model space is proposed. The idea of learning in the model space is to use models fitted on parts of data as more stable and parsimonious representations of the data. For the GPR image, 2-Direction Echo State Network (2D-ESN) is proposed to fit the image segments through the next item prediction. By building the connections between the points on the image in both the horizontal and vertical directions, the 2D-ESN regards the GPR image segment as a whole and could effectively capture the dynamic characteristics of the GPR image. And then, semi-supervised and supervised learning methods could be further implemented on the 2D-ESN models for underground diagnosis. Experiments on real-world datasets are conducted, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.", "output": "Underground Diagnosis Based on GPR and Learning in the Model Space", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: SaNuRN is a five-year project by the University of Rouen Normandy (URN) and the Cote dAzur University (CAU) consortium to optimize digital health education for medical and paramedical students, professionals, and administrators. The project includes a skills framework, training modules, and teaching resources. In 2027, SaNuRN is expected to train a significant portion of the 400,000 health and paramedical professions students at the French national level. Our purpose is to give a synopsis of the SaNuRN initiative, emphasizing its novel educational methods and how they will enhance the delivery of digital health education. Our goals include showcasing SaNuRN as a comprehensive program consisting of a proficiency framework, instructional modules, and educational materials and explaining how SaNuRN is implemented in the participating academic institutions. SaNuRN is a project aimed at educating and training health-related and paramedics students in digital health. The project results from a cooperative effort between URN and CAU, covering four French departments. The project is based on the French National Referential on Digital Health (FNRDH), which defines the skills and competencies to be acquired and validated by every student in the health, paramedical, and social professions curricula. The SaNuRN team is currently adapting the existing URN and CAU syllabi to FNRDH and developing short-duration video capsules of 20 to 30 minutes to teach all the relevant material. The project aims to ensure that the largest student population earns the necessary skills, and it has developed a two-tier system involving facilitators who will enable the efficient expansion of the projects educational outreach and support the students in learning the needed material efficiently. With a focus on real-world scenarios and innovative teaching activities integrating telemedicine devices and virtual professionals, SaNuRN is committed to enabling continuous learning for healthcare professionals in clinical practice. The SaNuRN team introduced new ways of evaluating healthcare professionals by shifting from a knowledge-based to a competencies-based evaluation, aligning with the Miller teaching pyramid and using the Objective Structured Clinical Examination and Script Concordance Test in digital health education. Drawing on the expertise of URN, CAU, and their public health and digital research laboratories and partners, the SaNuRN project represents a platform for continuous innovation, including telemedicine training and living labs with virtual and interactive professional activities. The SaNuRN project provides a comprehensive, personalized 30-hour training package for health and paramedical students, addressing all 70 FNRDH competencies. The program is enhanced using AI and NLP to create virtual patients and professionals for digital healthcare simulation. SaNuRN teaching materials are open-access. The project collaborates with academic institutions worldwide to develop educational material in digital health in English and multilingual formats. SaNuRN offers a practical and persuasive training approach to meet the current digital health education requirements.", "output": "Digital Health Education for the Future: The SaNuRN (Sante Numerique Rouen-Nice) Consortium's Journey.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Few studies have examined whether neighborhood deprivation is associated with severe maternal morbidity (SMM) in already socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. Little is known about to what extent neighborhood deprivation accounts for Black-White disparities in SMM. This study investigated these questions among a statewide Medicaid-insured population, a low-income population with heightened risk of SMM.METHODS: Data were from Michigan statewide linked birth records and Medicaid claims between 01/01/2016 and 12/31/2019, and were analyzed between 2022 and 2023. Neighborhood deprivation was measured with the Area Deprivation Index at census block group and categorized as low, medium, or high deprivation. Multilevel logistic models were used to examine the association between neighborhood deprivation and SMM. Fairlie nonlinear decomposition was conducted to quantify the contribution of neighborhood deprivation to SMM racial disparity.RESULTS: People in the most deprived neighborhoods had higher odds of SMM than those in the least deprived neighborhoods (aOR [95% CI]: 1.27 [1.15, 1.40]). Such association was observed in Black (aOR [95% CI]: 1.34 [1.07, 1.67]) and White (aOR [95% CI]: 1.26 [1.12, 1.42]) racial subgroups. Decomposition showed that of 57.5 (cases per 10,000) explained disparity in SMM, neighborhood deprivation accounted for 23.1 (cases per 10,000; 95% CI: 16.3, 30.0) or two-fifths (40.2%) of the Black-White disparity. Analysis on SMM excluding blood transfusion showed consistent but weaker results.CONCLUSIONS: Neighborhood deprivation may be used as an effective tool to identify at-risk individuals within a low-income population. Community-engaged interventions aiming at improving neighborhood conditions may be helpful to reduce both SMM prevalence and racial inequity in SMM.", "output": "Neighborhood Deprivation and Severe Maternal Morbidity in a Medicaid Population.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Microbial lipid fermentation encompasses intricate complex cell growth processes and heavily relies on expert experience for optimal production. Digital modeling of the fermentation process assists researchers in making intelligent decisions, employing logical reasoning and strategic planning to optimize lipid fermentation. It this study, the effects of medium components and concentrations on lipid fermentation were investigated, first. And then, leveraging the collated data, a variety of machine learning algorithms were used to model and optimize the lipid fermentation process. The models, based on artificial neural networks and support vector machines, achieved R2 values all higher than 0.93, ensuring accurate predictions of the fermentation process. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the respective target parameter, which were affected by the medium components of lipid fermentation. Lastly, single and multi-objective optimization were conducted for lipid fermentation using the genetic algorithm. Experimental results demonstrated the maximum biomass of 50.3 g center dot L-1 and maximum lipid concentration of 14.1 g center dot L-1 with the error between the experimental and predicted values less than 5%. The results of the multi-objective optimization reveal the synergistic and competitive relationship between biomass, lipid concentration, and conversion rate, which lay a basis for in-depth optimization and amplification.", "output": "Improving lipid production by Rhodotorula glutinis for renewable fuel production based on machine learning", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Cost-effectiveness analyses commonly use population or sample averages, which can mask key differences across subgroups and may lead to suboptimal resource allocation. Despite there being several new methods developed over the last decade, there is no recent summary of what methods are available to researchers. This review sought to identify advances in methods for addressing patient heterogeneity in economic evaluations and to provide an overview of these methods. A literature search was conducted using the Econlit, Embase and MEDLINE databases to identify studies published after 2011 (date of a previous review on this topic). Eligible studies needed to have an explicit methodological focus, related to how patient heterogeneity can be accounted for within a full economic evaluation. Sixteen studies were included in the review. Methodologies were varied and included regression techniques, model design and value of information analysis. Recent publications have applied methodologies more commonly used in other fields, such as machine learning and causal forests. Commonly noted challenges associated with considering patient heterogeneity included data availability (e.g., sample size), statistical issues (e.g., risk of false positives) and practical factors (e.g., computation time). A range of methods are available to address patient heterogeneity in economic evaluation, with relevant methods differing according to research question, scope of the economic evaluation and data availability. Researchers need to be aware of the challenges associated with addressing patient heterogeneity (e.g., data availability) to ensure findings are meaningful and robust. Future research is needed to assess whether and how methods are being applied in practice.", "output": "Advances in Addressing Patient Heterogeneity in Economic Evaluation: A Review of the Methods Literature", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: It is important to involve young people in the conservation of urban heritage as they will be the next generation responsible for its preservation. The use of Augmented Reality (AR) based on Serious Game (SG) and GPS-guided applications has proven to be effective for heritage revitalisation. However, there are currently only a few applications that combine GPS AR and SG for urban heritage enhancement, and these are generally aimed at adult tourists rather than the young people of the alpha generation. This research describes a serious game based on the use of GPS-guided augmented reality in the Renaissance village of Caldana, Italy, to raise awareness of the importance of urban heritage and to stimulate its visit by the alpha generation. The application consists of a treasure hunt that children have to solve by meeting and listening in augmented reality to historical characters who built the Renaissance village at specific points of interest, following a route with increasing levels of difficulty. The application was tested using a questionnaire with a sample of 79 children. The results provide useful indications for the development of augmented reality applications to increase the awareness and attitudes of the alpha generation towards knowledge and conservation of urban heritage. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.", "output": "Augmented reality and serious game to engage the alpha generation in urban cultural heritage", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The southeast Asian new immigrants face significant barriers in employment due to language and cultural differences, making it challenging for them to find jobs. Consequently, many southeast Asian immigrants have turned to entrepreneurship as a means to achieve economic independence and contribute to their family's income. This study adopts entrepreneurial marketing (EM) as a theoretical lens and utilizes a process research methodology, based on sequentially ordered events, to explore the entrepreneurial journey of immigrant micro and small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Employing purposive sampling, twenty-two southeast Asian immigrant entrepreneurs were selected for in-depth interviews to ensure data quality through multiple data collection methods. The research developed a dynamic adjustment model and management mechanisms for the entrepreneurial marketing of immigrant micro and SMEs. These findings not only bridge theoretical gaps in immigrant entrepreneurship strategy but also deepen the academic understanding of the dynamism in entrepreneurial marketing. Practically, the outcomes assist immigrant micro and small business entrepreneurs in developing operational strategies and serve as a reference for governmental units in crafting immigrant policies.", "output": "The Innovative Entrepreneurial Marketing Journey and Sustainable Development of Southeast Asian Immigrants", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: PURPOSE: Although Premetabolic syndrome (PeMetSyn) is a precursor for metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), its prevalence and trends are unknown. This study examined the prevalence and trends in PreMetSyn and its association with sociodemographic risk factors in American adults.METHODS: The 1999-2000 to 2017-2020 United States National Health and Nutritional Health Surveys (NHANES) data were used. PreMetSyn was defined as co-occurrence two cardiometabolic risk factors consisting of abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, reduced HDL-C, elevated blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose. We calculated sex-specific overall prevalence of PreMetSyn and by race/ethnicity, age, education, poverty, and body mass index (BMI) categories. Sex-specific logistic regression models were used to test the association between sociodemographic risk factors and PreMetSyn.RESULTS: From 1999-2000 to 2017-2020, the age-adjusted overall prevalence of PreMetSyn increased by 155.4% (from 9.2% to 23.5%) in men and by 131.3% (from 11.2% to 25.9%) in women. Increases in prevalence of PreMetSyn were observed by race/ethnicity, age, education, poverty and BMI levels in men and women from 1999-2000 to 2017-2020. Survey cycle, race/ethnicity, age, education, poverty-income ratio, and BMI were independently associated with greater odds of PreMetSyn in males and females. During this period, the co-occurrence of abdominal obesity and elevated blood pressure was the most common comorbidity and increased from 20.6% to 30.8% in men and from 27.8% to 36.1% in women.CONCLUSIONS: This nationally representative study indicates a rapid increase from 1999-2000 to 2017-2020 in the proportion of American adults who meet the criteria for PreMetSyn. Early identification of subjects with PreMetSyn in the U.S. is a public health priority for initiating effective strategies to prevent the development of MetSyn and its associated chronic diseases.", "output": "Prevalence and secular trends in premetabolic syndrome in the United States: Findings from 1999-2020 nationally representative data of adults.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Communicating health disparities in mass and social media has typically taken the form of comparing disease risks and outcomes between two or more social groups, a strategy known as social comparison framing. This comprehensive review examined the design and results of 17 studies from 15 peer-reviewed journal articles about the effects of social comparison framing of health disparities. Most studies focus on race-based disparities across a variety of health topics. For individual-level outcomes, social comparison tends to reduce perceived disease risks for the lower disease prevalence group while prompting negative emotions and yielding inconsistent impact on health behavioral intentions among members of the higher prevalence group. For societal-level outcomes, social comparison often has either null or polarizing effects on support for policies to address these disparities that vary by racial identity/attitudes of the respondents. Studies also find that racial comparisons trigger lower levels of support for policy remedies relative to economic, educational, or geographic comparisons. We conclude that social comparison framing of health disparities, in the absence of broader discussion of the social and structural causes of these disparities, is more likely to incur negative consequences. We propose several possible strategies to communicate health disparity information more effectively.", "output": "Effects of communicating health disparities using social comparison framing: A comprehensive review.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Metaphysical realism about mental disorder is the thesis that mental disorder exists mind-independently. There are two ways to challenge metaphysical realism about mental disorder. The first is by denying that mental disorder exists. The second is by denying that mental disorder exists mind-independently. Or, differently put, by arguing that mental disorder is mind-dependent. The aim of this paper is three-fold: (a) to examine three ways in which mental disorder can be said to be mind-dependent (namely, by being causally dependent on the human mind, by being weakly dependent on human attitudes, and by being strongly dependent on human attitudes), (b) to clarify their differences, and (c) to discuss their implications regarding metaphysical realism about mental disorder. I argue that mental disorder being mind-dependent in the first two senses is compatible with metaphysical realism about mental disorder, whereas mental disorder being mind-dependent in the third sense is not.", "output": "Psychopathology and Metaphysics: Can One Be a Realist About Mental Disorder?", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn the attention of educators to the blended learning model. This study developed a remote blended game-based learning activity that integrates digital game-based learning (DGBL) and blended learning (including online synchronous and asynchronous learning). This method emphasizes that in the online synchronous learning activity, students firstly use mini-educational digital games for group collaborative autonomous pre-learning and then take part in a problem-solving discussion activity guided by the teacher. Afterwards, students complete personal inquiry learning tasks in the asynchronous online activity and conduct asynchronous discussions. This study employed a quasi-experimental design. Participants were 73 senior high school students. The first group used the remote blended game-based learning that integrated DGBL into online synchronous learning. The second group used the face-to-face blended game-based learning approach that integrated DGBL into physical classroom learning. The third group used the remote blended video-based learning that integrated online synchronous video-based learning. The three groups conducted the same online asynchronous inquiry learning tasks. The results found that the remote blended game-based learning activity not only significantly promoted the students' learning performance in online synchronous learning but also supported their learning performance in online asynchronous learning. Besides, most students' discussion messages were mostly related to the learning tasks and topic.", "output": "Remote Blended Game-Based Learning: Integrating Synchronous Game-Based Learning with Asynchronous Inquiry-Based Learning", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Recent trends underscore the growing adoption of chatbots in user research due to their ability to connect with multiple users simultaneously, bypassing physical and time constraints. In this research, we introduce JourneyBot, a novel chatbot-driven interactive visualization tool that captures users' experiences from medical clinic visits and displays their journey on a flexible and interactive platform. Particularly beneficial during periods of social distancing, JourneyBot also tackles broader challenges in user experience research, such as overcoming geographical barriers and ensuring inclusivity for participants confined to their homes. Our approach was two -fold: Initially, we crafted a rule -based chatbot to gather genuine feedback from users across various stages of their medical visits, subsequently portraying this on individual treatment journey maps. We then merged these individual maps to create a comprehensive and holistic interactive visualization, assisting user experience designers in promptly pinpointing user challenges and emotional shifts during their clinic experiences. Our findings highlight JourneyBot's ability to improve research techniques and its considerable potential for the UX community.", "output": "JourneyBot: Designing a Chatbot-driven Interactive Visualization Tool for Design Research", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Sustainability plans are essential for fostering prosperous cities for present and future generations. The degree of citizen agency, control, and power in shaping plans varies across different participatory mechanisms. Despite its popularity and ubiquity, how social media, as a new form of participatory mechanism, shapes government sustainability plans remains relatively unclear. Therefore, by using a 2015 nationwide survey of U.S. local government administrators, this study examines social media's influences on plan adoption and design, particularly in comparison to conventional participatory mechanisms. The findings provide insights for public managers on how to leverage different participatory mechanisms in advancing a sustainability plan.", "output": "Citizen participation through different mechanisms: does social media impact adoption and design of local sustainability plans?", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Background: Virtual reality (VR) has been studied as a potential tool for preparing technical and professional communication (TPC) practitioners to contribute to emerging technologies. However, no present research in TPC has focused on the methodological value of VR as a sociotechnical research site. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the methodological value of VR by documenting the processes and methods employed by a student researcher in understanding the ways VR affect community building. Literature review: Humanists have explored and theorized virtuality from various perspectives. Social researchers have explored the use of VR in multiple sectors. Yet, TPC has not established a steady agenda for studying VR as a research site. Research questions: 1. What can we learn from a student researcher's experience of conducting social research in VR? 2. What were the methodological challenges in VR interviews? 3. How can TPC scholars use VR for research? Research methodology: Using ethnographic approaches including interviewing, affinity mapping, and reviewing of VR environments, this study collected insights about performing research with VR and its implications for TPC researchers. Results: The study's participant shared their experience with using VR to conduct research. Five categorial themes were identified from the interview: interactivity, reach, usability, positionality, and tactics. Four VR applications were reviewed. Additional methodological strategies were discussed to prepare TPC practitioners for using VR as a research technology. Conclusion: TPC researchers should consider VR as a viable research technology to expand the methodological means of TPC studies.", "output": "Researching With Virtual Reality: Exploring the Methodological Affordances of VR for Sociotechnical Research and Implications for Technical and Professional Communication", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: In October 1958, seven Japanese writers attended the first great cultural event of the Bandung era, the week-long Afro-Asian Writers Conference held in Tashkent, the capital of Soviet Uzbekistan. The 'literary Bandung' resulted in the creation of the Afro-Asian Writers Association (AAWA), a source of growing interest among historians of anti-colonialism for the institutions it founded to support a literary culture unmediated by London, Paris or New York, and thereby advance political solidarity among colonized and newly independent countries in the so-called Third World. The participation of writers from Japan, a former empire aligned with the United States, has no place in the historiography of post-war Japan, the Cold War or decolonization. Japanese participants and observers used the conference and the AAWA as a means of dissent equally unfamiliar in received narratives. They argued that commitment to the decolonization of Asia and Africa offered a means to resist amnesia about Japan's colonialist history and obstruct its role in the American empire. The work of Japanese writers in Tashkent and after reveals a broader genealogy of Afro-Asianism and anti-colonial internationalism and opportunities for dissent made possible by crossing between post-imperial and postcolonial worlds in the Bandung era.", "output": "Tokyo in Tashkent: The Afro-Asian Writers Association and Japanese Cold War Dissent", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: In this article, my goal is to reveal the importance and potential of global history, an approach that is generally neglected in media and film history literature. The main characteristics of global history are de-centralizing history, taking a wide spatial and temporal perspective, avoiding Eurocentric and nationalist optics, and explaining patterns of causalities behind connections. I begin by explaining global history before presenting the differences between global history and similar approaches used in film and media studies literature. Then, I focus on a potential case study, the phenomenon of foreign music used as soundtracks in Turkish domestic films between the 1950s and the 1980s. I demonstrate how the 'borrowed soundtracks' creates a hitherto unstudied connectedness between disconnected audiences from different countries or societies. I consider the soundscapes of the films as a space of aural encounter, and I argue that global history would enable us to understand the emotional, cultural, and economic layers of this indirect connectedness.", "output": "Borrowed soundtracks: adopting the global history approach to the study of connectedness in film history", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Strontium (Sr) isotopes measured in fossil remains have been a useful tool to assess the geographical origin and even migrations of humans and other animals. In particular, dental enamel generally represents the ideal material, as it is dense and less prone to diagenetic replacement of Sr post-burial. However, fossil teeth can often be precious artefacts and difficult to access for destructive analysis. Here, we assess whether measuring Sr isotopes in fossil dental calculus could be used at least as a rangefinder to determine the geographical origin of an individual. We measured trace element concentrations in modern calculus (from a local dental practice), and trace element concentrations and 87Sr/86Sr ratios in human fossil calculus, dentine, and enamel from specimens collected in York, UK. Comparing trace element concentrations between modern and fossil calculus show that metals present in fossil calculus are mostly acquired post-burial, including Sr. The relationship between 87Sr/86Sr and Rb/Sr ratios in fossil calculus, dentine, and enamel suggests that the diagenetic end member would have a 87Sr/86Sr ratio consistent with the one modelled for the York region, but a low Rb/Sr. Without calculus data, dentine and enamel data would have probably suggested a lower 87Sr/86Sr ratio for a diagenetic end member, expecting high Rb/Sr values. Thus, while Sr isotopes in fossil calculus may not be useful to identify the geographical origin of an individual, they may be useful in constraining the composition of the diagenetic end member. Combining Sr isotopes in fossil dental calculus and enamel could be a more robust approach to identify geographical origin than using enamel alone.", "output": "Assessing the Utility of Strontium Isotopes in Fossil Dental Calculus", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with cancer are at greater risk of dying from COVID-19 than many other patient groups. However, how this risk evolved during the pandemic remains unclear. We aimed to determine, on the basis of the UK national pandemic protocol, how factors influencing hospital mortality from COVID-19 could differentially affect patients undergoing cancer treatment. We also examined changes in hospital mortality and escalation of care in patients on cancer treatment during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of patients aged older than 19 years and admitted to 306 health-care facilities in the UK with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, who were enrolled in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC) WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol (CCP) across the UK from April 23, 2020, to Feb 28, 2022; this analysis included all patients in the complete dataset when the study closed. The primary outcome was 30-day in-hospital mortality, comparing patients on cancer treatment and those without cancer. The study was approved by the South Central-Oxford C Research Ethics Committee in England (Ref: 13/SC/0149) and the Scotland A Research Ethics Committee (Ref 20/SS/0028), and is registered on the ISRCTN Registry (ISRCTN66726260).FINDINGS: 177\u2008871 eligible adult patients either with no history of cancer (n=171\u2008303) or on cancer treatment (n=6568) were enrolled; 93\u2008205 (52\u00b74%) were male, 84\u2008418 (47\u00b75%) were female, and in 248 (13\u00b79%) sex or gender details were not specified or data were missing. Patients were followed up for a median of 13 (IQR 6-21) days. Of the 6568 patients receiving cancer treatment, 2080 (31\u00b77%) died at 30 days, compared with 30\u2008901 (18\u00b70%) of 171\u2008303 patients without cancer. Patients aged younger than 50 years on cancer treatment had the highest age-adjusted relative risk (hazard ratio [HR] 5\u00b72 [95% CI 4\u00b70-6\u00b76], p<0\u00b70001; vs 50-69 years 2\u00b74 [2\u00b72-2\u00b76], p<0\u00b70001; 70-79 years 1\u00b78 [1\u00b76-2\u00b70], p<0\u00b70001; and >80 years 1\u00b75 [1\u00b73-1\u00b76], p<0\u00b70001) but a lower absolute risk (51 [6\u00b77%] of 763 patients <50 years died compared with 459 [30\u00b72%] of 1522 patients aged >80 years). In-hospital mortality decreased for all patients during the pandemic but was higher for patients on cancer treatment than for those without cancer throughout the study period.INTERPRETATION: People with cancer have a higher risk of mortality from COVID-19 than those without cancer. Patients younger than 50 years with cancer treatment have the highest relative risk of death. Continued action is needed to mitigate the poor outcomes in patients with cancer, such as through optimising vaccination, long-acting passive immunisation, and early access to therapeutics. These findings underscore the importance of the ISARIC-WHO pandemic preparedness initiative.FUNDING: National Institute for Health Research and the Medical Research Council.", "output": "Changes in hospital mortality in patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic (ISARIC-CCP-UK): a prospective, multicentre cohort study.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: PURPOSE: Gaps still exist in medical education about the sexual health needs of sexual diverse populations, and little is known about how translatable current learning modules are to patient encounters. Efforts at an academic medical institution have been made to address this need, including a two-hour adolescent sexuality workshop during the Core Clerkship in Pediatrics. This workshop's efficacy was evaluated in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) given to rising fourth-year medical students, where the standardized patient case focused on an adolescent cisgender male with dysuria and in a new, same-sex relationship.METHODS: Performance of students who completed the workshop prior to the OSCE (n= 48) were compared to those of students who did not participate in the workshop prior to the OSCE (n= 17). The encounters were recorded and transcribed, and the deidentified transcripts were scored on a rubric focusing on five domains: sexual identity disclosure, behavioral assessment, psychosocial history, counseling and anticipatory guidance, and relationship building.RESULTS: Student's t-test comparison of the scores found significantly higher scores for the psychosocial history domain (p= .04), particularly concerning disclosure of a new boyfriend and recent sexual activity (p= .008), for students who had the workshop before the OSCE.DISCUSSION: Students who took the adolescent sexuality workshop performed better in gathering psychosocial information in an OSCE encounter a sexual minority adolescent. These results affirm prior work that active learning on sexual diverse health in medical school curricula may prepare students for effective engagement with adolescents exploring their sexuality.", "output": "Evaluating the Impact of an Adolescent Sexuality Education Workshop on Medical Student Communication in an Objective Structured Clinical Examination.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Retirement, a major transition in the life course, may affect many aspects of retirees' well-being, including health and health care utilization. Leveraging differential statutory retirement age (SRA) by occupation for China's urban female workers, we provide some of the first evidence on the causal effect of retirement on hospitalizations attributable to mental illness and its heterogeneity. To address endogeneity in retirement decisions, we take advantage of exogeneity of the differing SRA cut-offs for blue-collar (age 50) and white-collar (age 55) female urban employees. We apply a Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) around the SRA cut-offs using nationally representative hospital inpatient claims data that cover these workers. We show that blue-collar females incur more hospitalizations for mental illness after retirement, while no similar change is found for white-collar females. Conditional on blue-collar females being hospitalized, probabilities of overall and ER admissions due to mental illness increase by 2.3 and 1.2 percentage points upon retirement, respectively. The effects are primarily driven by patients within the categories of schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders; and neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders. Moreover, the 'Donut' RDD estimates suggest that pent-up demand at retirement unlikely dominates our findings for blue-collar females. Rather, our results lend support to their worsening mental health at retirement. These findings suggest that occupational differences in mental illness and related health care utilization at retirement should be considered when optimizing retirement policy schemes.", "output": "Occupational differences in the effects of retirement on hospitalizations for mental illness among female workers: Evidence from administrative data in China", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The expansion of the early Islamic state (c. AD 700-900) was underpinned by the minting of silver coins (dirhams) on an enormous scale. While the wider effects of this coinage have been studied extensively, the sources of silver have attracted less attention and research has relied on literary texts pointing to mines in Arabia and Central Asia. Here, the authors use lead isotope and trace element analyses of more than 100 precisely dated silver coins to provide a geochemical perspective on Islamic silver. The results identify multiple new sources, stretching from Morocco to the Tien Shen, and indicate an Abbasid-period mining boom. These source locations have implications for contemporary geopolitics including on the Islamic-Byzantine frontier.", "output": "Sources of early Islamic silver: lead isotope analysis of dirhams", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Taking the slogan no lives matter as a starting point to diagnose the nihilism of our contemporary political culture, in this essay I tie the rise of nihilism to the resurgence of far-right political movements, chiefly the neo-reactionary thought of Nick Land. Following my discussion of Land and the culture of apocalyptic nihilism, I elucidate a Black feminist and decolonial perspective that, I argue, resists this creeping nihilism, and instead offers avenues of engaged political praxis for recuperating the politics of personhood. Using Sylvia Wynter's work as an exemplar of such a perspective, I perform a rhetorical criticism of Land's essay The Dark Enlightenment through the lens of Wynter's understanding of the human. Critiquing his arguments, I argue that Wynter's work offers a radical alternative to Land's apocalypticism and antihumanism, one that maintains a commitment to reimagining the human rather than disavowing it.", "output": "No Lives Matter: Resisting Nihilism, Recuperating the Human", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: In the face of the growing social recognition of environmental awareness and emerging regulations in countries where targets include the reduction of the CO2 footprint in the industrial sector, several companies are facing the challenge of introducing environmental impacts as new key design criteria. To successfully launch new products with optimized environmental impact, it is crucial to apply Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) during the design phase. However, the design process of any product is a process where materials, production processes, concepts, and various design factors are constantly changing, which requires an agile LCA calculation for its effective inclusion during the iterative design process. This paper presents an eco-design methodology, based on the adaptation of the LCA method to the changing design environment, through the adaptation of LCA stages to the design process, the customization of environmental databases to the product of the company, and the development of a software tool for its application during the earlier design phases. This methodology assists designers to save efforts during the calculation process, with different integration levels of environmental data, according to LCA phases established by ISO 14040 and ISO 14044. The effectiveness of this methodology will be shown with a real case study.", "output": "Methodology of Eco-Design and Software Development for Sustainable Product Design", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This study explores the dynamics of food conservation behaviors and operations, shifting the lens from the prevalent narrative of food waste reduction to a marketing perspective that emphasizes consumer engagement in sustainable operations. Amidst the rapid urban transformation and economic progress of many countries, this research examines factors influencing individual behaviors toward responsible food operations. It aims to delineate the motivational drivers and deterrents affecting residents' engagement in food conservation and operations, utilizing an adapted framework based on the theory of planned behavior. We employ partial least squares structural equation modeling to analyze responses from 390 residents. We find that perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, and attitudes significantly enhance intentions to conserve food. Moreover, environmental concerns amplify both attitudes and perceived behavioral control, while green marketing communications and knowledge elevate attitudes, environmental mindfulness, and conservation actions. A connection to nature is substantiated as a reinforcing factor for pro-environmental attitudes and operations. Notably, attitudes are identified as a critical mediator among the examined constructs. This investigation enriches sustainability scholarship by introducing a positive behavior-focused approach, advancing the discourse on sustainable operations. It offers actionable insights for market-driven interventions, policy-making (such as China's lastest national policies on food security and rural region revitalization in 2024), and educational endeavors to mitigate food wastage and reinforce food supply chain resilience globally.", "output": "Understanding and Enhancing Food Conservation Behaviors and Operations", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Making health science students aware of the importance of basic science knowledge for professional practice is a major educational challenge, especially during the early years of preclinical courses. Here, using an integrated curricular approach, we analyze whether Work Station Learning Activities (WSLA), which combine active learning methodologies for teaching basic science in clinical scenarios, can help to develop deeper learning and student engagement. In order to increase student motivation, we evaluated the effectiveness of WSLA using statistical analyses and an observation tool based on the ICAP (Interactive, Constructive, Active, and Passive) framework, which categorizes learning tasks based on the nature of student engagement. Statistical analyses revealed positive correlations between the different summative evaluations along the development of the activities, indicating the learning process inherent to WSLA progression and affirming the positive influence of WSLA on academic outcomes. Comparing the pre- and post-tests, students scored significantly higher on the post-test (statistically significant p<0.001). WSLA promotes both constructivist and interactive learning, as validated by its alignment with the ICAP model. The study examines student engagement through systematic observation, revealing a relationship between student engagement and final grades. Students who exhibit constructive learning consistently earn higher grades, emphasizing the positive impact of active engagement. Thus, passive behavior profiles show a significant proportion of fails (40%), while constructive profiles stand out as the sole recipients of the coveted excellent rating. Ultimately, this study contributes to our understanding of the effectiveness of WSLA in promoting active learning and enhancing student engagement within integrated health education curricula. It highlights the importance of active learning behaviors for academic success and suggests avenues for further research to optimize integrated teaching methodologies in medical education.", "output": "Enhancing academic performance and student engagement in health education: insights from Work Station Learning Activities (WSLA).", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: The origins and dispersal of the chicken across the ancient world remains one of the most enigmatic questions regarding Eurasian domesticated animals. The lack of agreement concerning timing and centers of origin is due to issues with morphological identifications, a lack of direct dating, and poor preservation of thin, brittle bird bones. Here we show that chickens were widely raised across southern Central Asia from the fourth century BC through medieval periods, likely dispersing along the ancient Silk Road. We present archaeological and molecular evidence for the raising of chickens for egg production, based on material from 12 different archaeological sites spanning a millennium and a half. These eggshells were recovered in high abundance at all of these sites, suggesting that chickens may have been an important part of the overall diet and that chickens may have lost seasonal egg-laying.", "output": "Archaeological and molecular evidence for ancient chickens in Central Asia.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: This study explored dental students' and dentists' perceptions and attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI) and analyzed differences according to professional seniority.METHODS: In September to November 2022, online surveys using Google Forms were conducted at 2 dental colleges and on 2 dental websites. The questionnaire consisted of general information (8 or 10 items) and participants' perceptions, confidence, predictions, and perceived future prospects regarding AI (17 items). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on 4 questions representing perceptions and attitudes toward AI to identify highly influential factors according to position, age, sex, residence, and self-reported knowledge level about AI of respondents. Participants were reclassified into 2 subgroups based on students' years in school and 4 subgroups based on dentists' years of experience. The chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used to determine differences between dental students and dentists and between subgroups for all 17 questions.RESULTS: The study included 120 dental students and 96 dentists. Participants with high level of AI knowledge were more likely to be interested in AI compared to those with moderate or low level (adjusted OR 24.345, p<0.001). Most dental students (60.8%) and dentists (67.7%) predicted that dental AI would complement human limitations. Dental students responded that they would actively use AI in almost all cases (40.8%), while dentists responded that they would use AI only when necessary (44.8%). Dentists with 11-20years of experience were the most likely to disagree that AI could outperform skilled dentists (50.0%), and respondents with longer careers had higher response rates regarding the need for AI education in schools.CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge level about AI emerged as the factor influencing perceptions and attitudes toward AI, with both dental students and dentists showing similar views on recognizing the potential of AI as an auxiliary tool. However, students' and dentists' willingness to use AI differed. Although dentists differed in their confidence in the abilities of AI, all dentists recognized the need for education on AI. AI adoption is becoming a reality in dentistry, which requires proper awareness, proper use, and comprehensive AI education.", "output": "Perceptions and attitudes of dental students and dentists in South Korea toward artificial intelligence: a subgroup analysis based on professional seniority.", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: During the Cold War, Prague was home to several international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) uniting member organizations of different fields (students, journalists, trade unions, communist parties, churches and others). This article aims at a reinterpretation of their history through the lens of decolonization, presenting the NGOs not only as soldiers in the Cold War but also as 'hubs of anti-colonialism'. It shows the role of the 'Third World' delegates in the NGOs and their positioning toward Czechoslovak state socialism. It explores the mechanisms of knowledge production and transfers through media and training programmes.", "output": "A Hub of Anti-Colonialism: Prague's International Organizations in the Transnational Socialist Network and Global Cold War", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Background Prognostic indices can enhance personalized predictions of health burdens. However, a simple, practical, and reproducible tool is lacking for clinical use. This study aimed to develop a machine learning-based prognostic index for predicting all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older individuals.Methods We utilized the Healthy Aging Longitudinal Study in Taiwan (HALST) cohort, encompassing data from 5 663 participants. Over the 5-year follow-up, 447 deaths were confirmed. A machine learning-based routine blood examination prognostic index (MARBE-PI) was developed using common laboratory tests based on machine learning techniques. Participants were grouped into multiple risk categories by stratum-specific likelihood ratio analysis based on their MARBE-PI scores. The MARBE-PI was subsequently externally validated with an independent population-based cohort from Japan.Results Beyond age, sex, education level, and BMI, 6 laboratory tests (low-density lipoprotein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, lymphocyte count, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and creatinine) emerged as pivotal predictors via stepwise logistic regression (LR) for 5-year mortality. The area under curves of MARBE-PI constructed by LR were 0.799 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.778-0.819) and 0.756 (95% CI: 0.694-0.814) for the internal and external validation data sets, and were 0.801 (95% CI: 0.790-0.811) and 0.809 (95% CI: 0.774-0.845) for the extended 10-year mortality in both data sets, respectively. Risk categories stratified by MARBE-PI showed a consistent dose-response association with mortality. The MARBE-PI also performed comparably with indices constructed with clinical health deficits and/or laboratory results.Conclusions The MARBE-PI is considered the most applicable measure for risk stratification in busy clinical settings. It holds potential to pinpoint older individuals at elevated mortality risk, thereby aiding clinical decision-making.Graphical Abstract", "output": "Develop and Validate a Prognostic Index With Laboratory Tests to Predict Mortality in Middle-Aged and Older Adults Using Machine Learning Models: A Prospective Cohort Study", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This paper proposed a novel method for the non-invasive extraction of proteinaceous binders from panel paintings using high-acyl (HA) and low-acyl (LA) gellan gums. The binder extraction effects of different gums on simulated panel paintings were compared and characterized in terms of extracted protein concentration, macro and micro appearance, color difference, pH, and contact angle. Then, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to analyze the extraction mechanism. On this basis, non-invasive extraction was conducted on panel paintings with different types and concentrations of proteinaceous binders using HA gellan gums. The results showed that neither HA nor LA gellan gum significantly affected the surface color, pH, contact angle, or visual appearance of the paint layer. The protein extraction effect of gellan gum is mainly affected by pressure and concentration gradient. The HA gellan gum has a strong water retention capacity, high softness, and a more stable internal structure. Therefore, the concentration of the protein solution extracted by HA gellan gum was 2.4 times higher than that extracted by LA gellan gum, with less possibility of gel residue. Further, HA gellan gum showed a good extraction effect on different types and concentrations of proteinaceous binders. Therefore, the proposed method is expected to serve as an effective means for the non-invasive extraction of proteins from painted objects. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.", "output": "Novel non-invasive method for extracting proteinaceous binders from panel paintings", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: Rapid increases in apartment construction have ignited concerns about design quality. Lower income populations could be disproportionately impacted by poor design as they are more likely to live in apartments and have fewer resources to mitigate design problems. We examined whether there was a socioeconomic gradient in contemporary apartment design by measuring the implementation of quantifiable policy-specific requirements in buildings (n = 172) sampled from relatively low, mid, and high socioeconomic neighbourhoods within Sydney, Melbourne, and Perth. Findings suggest the presence (or absence) of detailed policy instruments interacts with local market conditions to impact apartment design quality.", "output": "Are All Apartments Equal? An Investigation of Contemporary Apartment Design Quality by Neighbourhood-Level Socioeconomic Disadvantage", "system": "", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ", "input": "Abstract: This review identifies three major traditions in British landscape historiography: material/environmental, cultural, and phenomenological. The continuing vitality, methodological rigour, and popular reach of the material tradition is emphasized, notwithstanding persistent questions about the adequacy of its theoretical foundations. Its close cousin historical ecology has meanwhile developed into a broader environmental history, increasingly sensitive to ideological and institutional influences. The development of the cultural tradition, originating in art historical analysis of the 'landscape idea' as a culturally specific 'way of seeing', is traced through a rich proliferation of studies connecting landscape with memory, national identity, and governance, and through feminist, postcolonial, and history-from-below perspectives. The pervasive influence of the spatial, mobilities, and material turns is highlighted but phenomenology's focus on experience perhaps challenges the cultural tradition's premises more fundamentally. Although historians were slower than anthropologists and archaeologists to adopt phenomenology, medievalists and early modernists have applied it rewardingly to topics such as the settings of elite buildings, peasant landscape perceptions, and collective landscape memories. Few modernists have yet embraced phenomenology but it has great potential here given the abundant life-writing sources available. While scope remains for further convergence between research traditions, British landscape history is therefore in an exciting phase of methodological renewal.", "output": "From Field Walking to Phenomenology: A Review of Recent British Landscape Historiography", "system": "", "history": [] } ]