diff --git "a/test.json" "b/test.json"
--- "a/test.json"
+++ "b/test.json"
@@ -1,701 +1,701 @@
 [
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Because humans spend about one-third of their time asleep in their bedrooms and are themselves emission sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), it is important to specifically characterize the composition of the bedroom air that they experience during sleep. This work uses real-time indoor and outdoor measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to examine concentration enhancements in bedroom air during sleep and to calculate VOC emission rates associated with sleeping occupants. Gaseous VOCs were measured with proton-transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry during a multiweek residential monitoring campaign under normal occupancy conditions. Results indicate high emissions of nearly 100 VOCs and other species in the bedroom during sleeping periods as compared to the levels in other rooms of the same residence. Air change rates for the bedroom and, correspondingly, emission rates of sleeping-associated VOCs were determined for two bounding conditions: (1) air exchange between the bedroom and outdoors only and (2) air exchange between the bedroom and other indoor spaces only (as represented by measurements in the kitchen). VOCs from skin oil oxidation and personal care products were present, revealing that many emission pathways can be important occupant-associated emission factors affecting bedroom air composition in addition to direct emissions from building materials and furnishings.",
-        "output": "Bedroom Concentrations and Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds during Sleep.",
+        "input": "Abstract: In this paper I argue that the pervasive reality of unjust heterosex necessitates greater attention to the concept of sexual fluency (Cahill 2014). This paper elaborates on what it means to be a sexually fluent and disfluent subject, and its broader ethical and political significance. As part of this discussion, I explore the relationship between sexual (dis)fluency and embedded imaginaries, and critically reflect on the promise and limitations of particular interventions to disrupt patterns of sexual disfluency among sexual actors.",
+        "output": "Sexual Fluency: Embedded Imaginaries and Unjust Sex",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Interactions with the Roman Empire presumably enhanced social differentiation and caused the emergence of an elite class among Gothic communities in present-day northern Poland (Pomerania) in the first centuries AD. Arguably, the process is documented archaeologically by the presence of exceptional burials, richly furnished with imported artefacts. Such features were discovered at the Wielbark culture cemetery in Czarnowko, however, due to poor preservation neither their infills nor the interred human remains have previously been fully examined. We studied (by means of osteological, Sr isotope, anthracological and soil analyses) a newly-found, well-preserved cremation grave in order to assess (1) the biological profile, geographical origin and mobility of the buried individual, (2) details of the multi-stage funerary practice, and (3) the formation of the grave-pit infill. Most probably, the grave belonged to a senilis woman who was born and spent her final years in Pomerania, seemingly living in good health. Except for outstanding grave goods, her funeral reassembled other Wielbark culture cremation interments: the body was burned shortly after death on a birch-wood pyre, together with single artefacts, at high temperatures, with good oxygen supply, until the calcination of bones. The burned remains were separated from the pyre debris and randomly deposited in the urn. The vessel was placed at the bottom of a pit and covered with sand containing charcoals. Subsequently, the grave was re-opened and backfilled once again. This singular cremation burial reflects the idea of eliteness in the local Gothic community - Roman-influenced but rooted in Wielbark culture traditions. However, to address the issue of social stratification comprehensively, similar research focused on graves of common people is required.",
-        "output": "Being elite among Goths: multi-proxy analysis of a Roman period cremation princely grave from Czarn\u00f3wko (Pomerania, North Poland)",
+        "input": "Abstract: Due to COVID-19, schools were closed to mitigate disease spread. Past studies have shown that disruptions in education have unintended consequences for adolescents, including increasing their risk of school dropout, exploitation, gender-based violence, pregnancy and early unions. In Peru, the government closed schools from March 2020 to March 2022, declaring a national emergency that affected an estimated 8 million children. These closures may have unintended consequences, including increased adolescent pregnancy, particularly in Peru's rural, largely indigenous regions. Loreto, located in the Peruvian Amazon, has one of the highest adolescent pregnancy rates in the country and poor maternal and child health outcomes. The underlying causes may not be fully understood as data are limited, especially as we transition out of the pandemic. This qualitative study investigated the downstream effects of COVID-19 on adolescent education and reproductive health in Loreto's districts of Nauta and Parinari. In-depth interviews (n=41) were conducted with adolescents and community leaders. These were held in June 2022, 3months after the reinstitution of in-person classes throughout Peru. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were also completed with community health workers and educators from the same study area in October 2022 to supplement our findings (3 FGDs, n=15). We observed that the economic, educational and health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to reduced contraceptive use, and increased school abandonment, early unions and adolescent pregnancy. The interplay between adolescent pregnancy and both early unions and school abandonment was bidirectional, with each acting as both a cause and consequence of the other.",
+        "output": "The downstream effects of COVID-19 on adolescent girls in the Peruvian Amazon: qualitative findings on how the pandemic affected education and reproductive health.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: This Viewpoint describes implications for medicine and public health if the US Supreme Court decides to overturn or narrow Chevron deference.",
-        "output": "Implications for Public Health Regulation if Chevron Deference Is Overturned",
+        "input": "Abstract: The paper delves into the role of communist ideology in urban planning during the late Soviet era (1960s-1980s). It claims that the implementation of new urban plans, which aimed at the radical reconstruction of pre-war populated areas, was deeply rooted in socialist ideological stances. However, chronic housing shortages made the associated demolitions problematic and undesirable. By addressing this conflicting situation, the concept of banal socialism was introduced. The concept asserts that the decreasing prominence of overt ideology in the reconstruction of historic cities does not imply a weakening of its influence or the rationalization of the planning system. Instead, it suggests that Soviet ideology underwent a process of banalization, a transformation that involved the ideology adopting routinized, mundane, almost invisible form. By examining the case of Vilnius, the paper argues that this process not only significantly influenced late Soviet era urban planning but also played an important role in shaping a distinctive socialist landscape.",
+        "output": "Banal Socialism: The Role of Ideology in Late Soviet Era Urban Reconstruction-The Case of Vilnius",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate illumination properties in an in-vitro kidney calyx model in saline.DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated a series of contemporary flexible ureteroscopes including the Storz Flex-Xc and Flex-X2s, Olympus V3 and P7, Pusen 7.5F and 9.2F, as well as OTU WiScope using a 3D-printed closed pink kidney calyx model, submerged in saline. A spectrometer was used for illuminance and color temperature measurements at different openings located at center (direct light), 45\u00b0 (direct and indirect light) and 90\u00b0(indirect light) to the axis of the scope.RESULTS: Maximum illuminance was at the center opening for all scopes (range: 284 to 12,058lx at 50% brightness and 454 to 11,871lx at 100% brightness settings). The scope with the highest center illuminance (Flex-Xc) was 26 times superior to the scope with the lowest illuminance (Pusen 7.5Fr) at 100% brightness setting. For each scope, there was a peripheral illuminance drop ranging from -43 to -92% at 50% brightness and -43% to -88% at 100% brightness settings, respectively (all p<0.01). Highest drop was for the P7 and the Pusen 9.2F. All scopes had illuminance skew, except the V3. All scopes had a warm color temperature.CONCLUSION: Illumination properties vary between ureteroscopes in an enclosed cavity in saline, and differs at center vs 45\u00b0 and 90\u00b0 positions within scopes. Peripheral illuminance drop can be as high as -92%, which is undesirable. This may affect the choice of ureteroscope and light brightness settings used in surgery by urologists.",
-        "output": "Illumination matters Part II: advanced comparative analysis of flexible ureteroscopes in a kidney model by PEARLS.",
+        "input": "Abstract: This study proposes a multi-failure theory to predict the failure modes, including buckling and material failure, and bearing load capacity of carbon fibre-reinforced composite (CFRC) non-uniformly ring-stiffened cylindrical shells (NRCS) under hydrostatic pressure. In contrast to previous research, which focused on the buckling modes of RCS with uniformly distributed rings using the smeared method (for global buckling) or analysis based on periodic boundary conditions (for mono-cell skin buckling, tripping, and couple buckling), the discrete stiffener theory based on a general and accurate deformation assumption was employed for high prediction accuracy of the critical load. This theory is necessary and efficient in the design of an NRCS with sparse but strong ribs and is verified through the finite element method (FEM) and experimental results. Subsequently, failure load curves were drawn through parametric analysis to reveal the effect of design parameters, including skin volume fraction, the position of stiffeners, lay-up orientation on the failure mode, and critical bearing load. Furthermore, an artificial neural network (ANN) is adopted to train the theoretical data and search for the optimal design strategy. This work provides an efficient method to design a CFRC NRCS by combining theoretical analysis with a machine learning (ML) method.",
+        "output": "Multi-failure theory of non-uniformly ring-stiffened composite shells under hydrostatic pressure",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: The steam generators (SGs) of CANadian Deuterium Uranium nuclear reactors require periodic inspections to ensure their safe operation. Eddy current (EC) testing is the primary method by which the SG tubes are inspected. Many conditions in the SG tubes affect the EC response, such as fretting, pitting, cracking, as well as tube expansion, and the presence of tubesheet and support structures. When two or more of these parameters overlap, the EC signals from degradation induced wall losses are frequently difficult to interpret because these wall loss signals are often distorted due to interference with background signal variations. In this paper, a novel analytical model that describes the impedance of a bobbin coil with a plate encircling an arbitrary number of cylindrical conductors is developed. The model is validated against finite element method modelling and experiment. This model can be used to simulate the main probe response, while inspecting SG tubes near the tubesheet and support structures and thereby, provides the potential to separate out smaller flaw responses.",
-        "output": "Analytical model of eddy current bobbin coil probe responses at support plates in steam generator and heat exchanger tubes",
+        "input": "Abstract: Within the field of research on the promotion of teachers' social and emotional competence, the present paper illustrates preliminary evidence of the efficacy of a new training program named ME4YOU aimed at supporting teachers' self-reflexive competences to deal with the emotional and relational dimensions of teaching, with constant and continuous attention towards underlining the close connection between the way teachers perform as professionals at work and the way they function as individuals in their personal life. A total of 109 teachers from kindergarten to primary school took part in the experimental group, while 67 teachers constituted the control group; the two groups were compared using a pre-test/post-test approach with regard to some self-reported variables related to professional and personal aspects. Teachers in the experimental group exhibited increased levels of professional self-efficacy and self-efficacy as emotional socializers toward students' emotions; moreover-although with a more limited impact-they reported benefits with regard to their personal life (i.e., reduced denial of own emotions and improved authenticity). The findings are discussed highlighting that health promotion among teachers is both of value in itself and an investment that can generate health in the whole school system.",
+        "output": "Promoting Teachers' Social and Emotional Competence in Light of the Close Connection between Professional Role and Personal Characteristics: Preliminary Evidence of the Efficacy of the ME4YOU Training Program.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: In recent times, the advent of AI-based optical character recognition (OCR) has garnered significant attention in the realm of digital text conversion. However, it is imperative to note that OCR solely identifies individual characters or words, and lacks the ability to reunite them into cohesive units such as words or sentences. Consequently, the manual sorting of them to establish the appropriate reading order has emerged as a bottleneck. In this paper, we present an algorithm termed adjacent character detection (ACD), designed to serve as a post-processing of OCR, facilitating automatic digital text conversion. The algorithm involves line segmentation through a quad-ACD scan (up-down-down-up), allowing it to consecutively discern characters within a column based on their adjacency relations. Conventional projection profile analyses have struggled to effectively partition the distinct internal structure of Chinese historical text, where two annotation columns often subdivide from a single body column. In contrast, our ACD algorithm employs an approach, reuniting adjacent characters rather than fragmenting the entire text into isolated entities. Additionally, ACD algorithm enabled body/annotation classification for OCR-detected characters based on the pattern analysis of its quad scan. This cumulative information empowers the conversion of digital text in a desired reading order. To assess the efficacy of the proposed algorithm, a set of ground-truth OCR result was subjected to rigorous testing, culminating in a reading order accuracy of 98.6%. Noteworthy robustness was also demonstrated in the face of misaligned columns, experimentally induced by applying tilt, warp, and wavy noises to the original digital images. Lastly, the algorithm was integrated with two pre-developed OCR models, resulting in a reading order accuracy of 97.7%. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
-        "output": "An algorithm of line segmentation and reading order sorting based on adjacent character detection: A post-processing of OCR for digitization of Chinese historical texts",
+        "input": "Abstract: Museum collection records are a source of historic data for species occurrence, but little attention is paid to the associated descriptions of habitat at the sample locations. We propose that artificial intelligence methods have potential to use these descriptions for reconstructing past habitat, to address ecological and evolutionary questions.",
+        "output": "AI-based discovery of habitats from museum collections.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: This paper suggests a workflow that generates floor plans with structural elements. Generating structural layouts in a BIM environment with the implementation of a machine learning method allows a future projection for fast and easy exploration of multiple design options. Pix2Pix, a Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) model, takes the wall layout as input and generates a structural layout by learning from existing knowledge used to generate a decision support system for structural layout generation. The paper also suggest an additional script as a fine-adjustment model to refine the structural layout based on predetermined structural rules. This script increases the accuracy of the structural layouts generated by the GAN algorithm. Based on the test dataset, the research demonstrates a 64% success rate in providing structural schema assistance. Considering the results, this study seems to have the potential to be a supportive application in the early design phase.",
-        "output": "Structural Plan Schema Generation Through Generative Adversarial Networks",
+        "input": "Abstract: Green Building Practices (GBPs) are gaining prominence in many countries around the world. However, in many developing countries, Tanzania inclusive, little progress has been made in achieving its implementation. The current study sought to examine the factors attributable to low uptake, focusing on an appraisal of the stakeholders' knowledge of GB design features, triggers, and the pathways for uptake. The study was conducted in Dar es Salaam City in Tanzania, involving different stakeholders sampled from the construction industry, including architects, engineers, quantity surveyors, and property managers. Valid data were collected through 412 questionnaires. The study revealed a general consensus among the respondents that GBs are environmentally friendly and cost effective. However, it appeared that the ranking score of GB design features according to the respondents did not correlate with their ranking in existing GB rating systems. It was concluded that there exist misconceptions among the constructions industry stakeholders regarding what green building practices entail and the essential requirements for their implementation. Therefore, the study recommends pragmatic educational trainings to stakeholders in the construction sector of Tanzania on GBPs. Mandatory legislation of green building codes and regulations is also suggested as a potential pathway for enhancing GB practices in Tanzania.",
+        "output": "Towards More Green Buildings in Tanzania: Knowledge of Stakeholders on Green Building Design Features, Triggers and Pathways for Uptake",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Formulating suitable policies is essential for resources and environmental management. In this study, an agricultural pollutants emission trading management model driven by water resources and pollutants control is developed to search reasonable policies for agricultural water resources allocation under multiple uncertainties. Random-fuzzy and interval information in water resources system that have directly impact on the effectiveness of management schemes is reflected through interval two-stage stochastic fuzzy-probability programming. The model was root from regional agricultural water resources system in Jining City, China under considering the relationship among effective precipitation, crop water demand, and pollutants emission. Two types policies (water consumption-control and pollutants emission-control) are designed for searching the related interaction on water resources management and water quality improvement. The results indicated that water resources policies would be of water and environmental double benefits, and a large rainfall would reduce irrigation amount from water sources and lead to a larger pollutants emission trading. The results will help for defining scientific and effective water resources protection and management policies and analyzing the related interacted effects on water consumption, pollutants control and system benefit.",
-        "output": "Different policies constrained agricultural non-point pollutants emission trading management for water system under interval, fuzzy, and stochastic information",
+        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: It has become increasingly clear that SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to persistent physical and mental health problems lasting weeks or months, requiring prolonged periods of clinical care and increasing the burden on the healthcare system. This phenomenon, known as post COVID-19 syndrome (PCS), is a relatively new condition, its incidence is still unclear and differs between studies.OBJECTIVES: In this cohort study, we aimed to estimate the incidence of PCS and to identify its risk factors in the Tunisian population.METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study that enrolled patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from the triage unit of the University Hospital of Monastir, Tunisia. between April 2021 and June 2022. Patients were contacted by phone for a follow-up evaluation of PCS 12- weeks after the diagnosis date.RESULTS: A total of 1451 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 during the study period, responded to the follow-up evaluation after 3 months. The incidence of PCS was found to be 44.03% (95% CI [41.47; 46.58]), with fatigue being the most common symptom (21.5%), followed by cognitive impairment (10.3%), including memory loss and difficulty concentrating. Multivariate analysis revealed that the main associated factors to PCS were female gender (RR=1.54; CI95% [1.30 - 1.82]), pre-existing comorbidities (RR=1.30; CI95% [1.10 - 1.52]), duration of acute COVID-19 illness (days) (RR=1.02; CI95% [1.01 - 1.03]), hospitalization (RR=1.27; CI95% [1.05 - 1.53]), number of COVID-19 episodes (RR=1.46; CI 95% [1.28 - 1.67]) and patients having receive two or more doses of vaccine prior to COVID-19 infection (RR=0.82; CI95% [0.70 - 0.96]).CONCLUSION: Our study allowed to estimate the incidence and identify risk factors of PCS. Recognizing these factors could help to better understand the underlying mechanisms and guide interventions for prevention and management of this condition.",
+        "output": "Incidence and risk factors of post COVID-19 syndrome: a Tunisian cohort study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Axiomatic proof/refutation systems for the paraconsistent modal logics: KN4 and KN4.D are presented. The completeness proofs boil down to showing that every sequent is either provable or refutable. By constructing finite tree-type countermodels from refutations, the refined characterizations of these logics by classes of finite tree-type frames are established. The axiom systems also provide decision procedures for these logics.",
-        "output": "Refutations and Proofs in the Paraconsistent Modal Logics: KN4 and KN4.D",
+        "input": "Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) is associated with adverse outcomes. Single-center studies suggest that the prevalence of CS-AKI is high after the Norwood procedure, or stage 1 palliation (S1P), but multicenter data are lacking.DESIGN: A secondary analysis of the Neonatal and Pediatric Heart and Renal Outcomes Network (NEPHRON) multicenter cohort who underwent S1P. Using neonatal modification of Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria, perioperative associations between CS-AKI with morbidity and mortality were examined. Sensitivity analysis, with the exclusion of prophylactic peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, was performed.SETTING: Twenty-two hospitals participating in the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium (PC 4 ) and contributing to NEPHRON.PATIENTS: Three hundred forty-seven neonates (< 30 d old) with S1P managed between September 2015 and January 2018.INTERVENTIONS: None.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 347 patients, CS-AKI occurred in 231 (67%). The maximum stages were as follows: stage 1, in 141 of 347 (41%); stage 2, in 51 of 347 (15%); and stage 3, in 39 of 347 (11%). Severe CS-AKI (stages 2 and 3) peaked on the first postoperative day. In multivariable analysis, preoperative feeding was associated with lower odds of CS-AKI (odds ratio [OR] 0.48; 95% CI, 0.27-0.86), whereas prophylactic PD was associated with greater odds of severe CS-AKI (OR 3.67 [95% CI, 1.88-7.19]). We failed to identify an association between prophylactic PD and increased creatinine (OR 1.85 [95% CI, 0.82-4.14]) but cannot exclude the possibility of a four-fold increase in odds. Hospital mortality was 5.5% ( n = 19). After adjusting for risk covariates and center effect, severe CS-AKI was associated with greater odds of hospital mortality (OR 3.67 [95% CI, 1.11-12.16]). We failed to find associations between severe CS-AKI and respiratory support or length of stay. The sensitivity analysis using PD failed to show associations between severe CS-AKI and outcome.CONCLUSIONS: KDIGO-defined CS-AKI occurred frequently and early postoperatively in this 2015-2018 multicenter PC 4 /NEPHRON cohort of neonates after S1P. We failed to identify associations between resource utilization and CS-AKI, but there was an association between severe CS-AKI and greater odds of mortality in this high-risk cohort. Improving the precision for defining clinically relevant neonatal CS-AKI remains a priority.",
+        "output": "Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Neonates Undergoing the Norwood Operation: Retrospective Analysis of the Multicenter Neonatal and Pediatric Heart and Renal Outcomes Network Dataset, 2015-2018.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to reveal the relationship between nursing students' disaster response self-efficacy and their disaster preparedness perceptions.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on nursing students after a major earthquake that occurred in Turkey on February 6, 2023 (n = 302). Data collection took place from June 2023 to October 2023, using the Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale (DRSES) and Disaster Preparedness Perception Scale (DPPS). Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data.RESULTS: Nursing students' DRSES mean score was 63.35 \u00b1 10.83 (moderate level) and DPPS mean score was 3.41 \u00b1 0.50 (high level). A positive and moderate correlation was found between nursing students' DRSES and DPPS scores (r = 0.515; P = 0.000). Predictors affecting nursing students' disaster preparedness are disaster response self-efficacy score, being male, and making a family disaster plan.CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study highlight the importance of increasing the disaster response self-efficacy needed by nursing students to successfully assist patients in disaster situations.",
-        "output": "Relationship Between Disaster Response Self-Efficacy and Disaster Preparedness in Nursing Students: After-Earthquake Study.",
+        "input": "Abstract: The fire at Notre-Dame de Paris led to the discovery of several series of previously unknown iron armatures, which were systematically recorded. Amongst them, several iron staples from the top of the eaves walls, lead crest reinforcements and a sample of the tie rods used in the choir in the 19th century were analysed by metallography and tensile tests in order to determine their nature and mechanical characteristics. These results can be put into perspective with previous studies on such monuments. The chemical analysis with SEM-EDS of the slag inclusions contained in the matrix of these ferrous alloys makes it possible to determine the technical processes used for their production throughout the construction and restoration of the building, highlighting several differences depending on the typologies of the iron armatures. This information is complemented by a series of radiocarbon dates currently being carried out to better understand the periods of use of these ferrous reinforcements. When compared with those of other materials, these dates could be used to recalibrate the phasing of the building. (c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Revealing the iron skeleton of Notre-Dame de Paris. Methodologies and issues of archaeological and analytical investigations following the blaze",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: This research combines Strontium (Sr-87/Sr-86) and Oxygen (delta O-18) isotope analysis to challenge the prevailing interpretation of patrilocal exogamic practices among eastern European Early Neolithic Linearbandkeramik (LBK) communities. Patrilocality has been considered the key factor influencing the mobility patterns of central Europe's first farmers (c. 5500-4900 cal. BC), especially in the south-eastern Moravian region (Czech Republic). Focusing our attention on both male and female tooth enamel samples from cemeteries, settlement graves and small clusters of graves, this paper reassesses the correlation between mobility, biological sex, and funerary practices. This task is accomplished by establishing a new isotopic footprint using new Sr-87/Sr-86 data, as well as significantly increasing the number of sampled individuals for Sr-87/Sr-86 and delta O-18. The outcome of this research contributes to a better understanding of the mobility patterns among early farmers in central Europe, challenging existing theories and providing new insights into their social and cultural dynamics.",
-        "output": "Patrilocality at the Beginning of Farming? An Isotopic Approach from SE Moravia",
+        "input": "Abstract: Emotion recognition plays an essential role in human-human interaction since it is a key to understanding the emotional states and reactions of human beings when they are subject to events and engagements in everyday life. Moving towards human-computer interaction, the study of emotions becomes fundamental because it is at the basis of the design of advanced systems to support a broad spectrum of application areas, including forensic, rehabilitative, educational, and many others. An effective method for discriminating emotions is based on ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG) data analysis, which is used as input for classification systems. Collecting brain signals on several channels and for a wide range of emotions produces cumbersome datasets that are hard to manage, transmit, and use in varied applications. In this context, the paper introduces the Empatheia system, which explores a different EEG representation by encoding EEG signals into images prior to their classification. In particular, the proposed system extracts spatio-temporal image encodings, or atlases, from EEG data through the Processing and transfeR of Interaction States and Mappings through Image-based eNcoding (PRISMIN) framework, thus obtaining a compact representation of the input signals. The atlases are then classified through the Empatheia architecture, which comprises branches based on convolutional, recurrent, and transformer models designed and tuned to capture the spatial and temporal aspects of emotions. Extensive experiments were conducted on the Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) Emotion EEG Dataset (SEED) public dataset, where the proposed system significantly reduced its size while retaining high performance. The results obtained highlight the effectiveness of the proposed approach and suggest new avenues for data representation in emotion recognition from EEG signals.",
+        "output": "Spatio-Temporal Image-Based Encoded Atlases for EEG Emotion Recognition",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: In this editorial the editor considers issues of historicity (understanding things in their historical context) in health professions education and the sciences thereof, and argues for more attention to historical and other contextual factors in creating and appraising the research literature.",
-        "output": "Historicity and the impossible present",
+        "input": "Abstract: As climate change and geopolitical conflicts intensify, understanding how geopolitical risks affect companies prioritizing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices is crucial. This study investigates the dynamic relationship between global geopolitical risks and the performance of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) and non-ESG companies, particularly their influence on green markets. Utilizing a robust methodological framework, including the dynamic time-varying parameters vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) model, and causal impact modeling, we analyze daily financial data from 2021 to 2024. The results reveal a substantial negative impact of geopolitical risks on non-ESG companies, contrasting with the resilience of ESG-committed counterparts. This suggests that ESG-committed companies demonstrate better resilience against geopolitical risks, emphasizing the protective role of ESG practices amid uncertainties. Additionally, the inclusion of ESG companies in green markets diminishes the severity of the negative impact of geopolitical risks, underlining the transformative role of ESG commitment in shaping investor behavior towards sustainable investments. Our findings offer insights for policymakers and investors navigating geopolitical risks and ESG performance, with a focus on environmental management, and provide guidance for effective risk mitigation and investment policies to enhance environmental sustainability.",
+        "output": "ESG practices mitigating geopolitical risks: Implications for sustainable environmental management.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: This article examines Middle and Late Preclassic period ritual activity and caches discovered in the Central E Group complex at the ancient Maya site of Cival, which is located in northeastern Peten, Guatemala. It focuses on a series of excavations conducted in 2013 and 2014 at Structure 9, the E Group's western radial pyramid and uses theories of social memory and sacred place to provide insight into the recently discovered caches, termination rituals, and the deliberate destruction of architectural features found there. It also draws on previous ritual activity conducted in the Central E Group plaza and the site's broader history to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the role of this complex as a sacred place and hub of memory at Cival for more than 1,000 years.Este articulo examina la actividad ritual del periodo Preclasico Medio y Tardio de los escondites descubiertos en el complejo del Grupo Tipo-E Central en el antiguo sitio Maya de Cival, que se encuentra en el noreste de Peten, Guatemala. Haciendo enfasis en una serie de excavaciones realizadas entre los anos 2013 y 2014 en la Estructura 9, que es la Piramide radial al oeste del Grupo. Las teorias de la memoria social y el lugar sagrado son aplicadas para dar una idea de los hallazgos mencionados recientemente, los rituales de terminacion y la destruccion deliberada de las caracteristicas arquitectonicas que se encuentran en dicha estructura. Tambien se basa en la actividad ritual realizada anteriormente en la plaza del mismo complejo para obtener una comprension mas amplia y completa de su historia y del papel de este grupo como lugar sagrado y centro de la memoria en Cival durante mas de 1000 anos.",
-        "output": "Caches, Memory, and Ritual at the Maya City of Cival",
+        "input": "Abstract: The Olympic Games of 1940 were due to be organized in Tokyo, Japan, but because of the Sino-Japanese war, the event was hastily re-scheduled to be organized in Helsinki, Finland. The Second World War however interrupted the preparations. Instead of 1940, the Games were organized in Helsinki in 1952. It thus became necessary to prepare twice for the same event. During the 12 years that had passed, the political situation had become significantly different, while also views concerning architecture and urban planning had changed. The postponed Helsinki Olympics represent an intriguing case in the history of Olympic Games, that has remained relatively little researched. This paper proposes that this 12-year 'Olympic gap' brings to view on one hand the need to prepare twice, and on the other hand, the processual, slow nature of building and planning, which continued almost uninterrupted. A close reading of period newspaper articles, history of urban planning and architecture, as well as studies of the Olympic Games reveals tensions between architecture, planning, and politics on local, national, and international level, as they unravel in the context of preparing for the Helsinki Olympics.",
+        "output": "The Olympic gap: planning and politics of the Helsinki Olympics",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: The aim of this paper is to contribute to the concept of design literacy by exploring what it means to learn design literacy through making. To support my argumentation, I draw on a case study where I followed two student teachers of design and craft as they learned design literacy through woodworking. Due to Covid-19, the learning environment was located at the students' homes rather than the design and craft studio at the university. Two research questions guide the case study: What stories does the student recall from learning woodworking and what do these stories provide that are relevant for learning design literacy? Three 'making' stories are presented from the case study: (1) Making with the unknown, (2) Making alone educationally, and (3) The affective and embodied making. These stories provide numerous making skills that are relevant when teaching and learning for design literacy, which is further discussed in the paper.",
-        "output": "New Learning Environments in Design and Craft Education - Acknowledging the Learning of Design Literacy",
+        "input": "Abstract: This article interrogates anthropocentrism and nonhuman animal instrumentalization in One Health (OH). It argues that OH's approach to human health and zoonosis focuses too narrowly on furthering certain human interests at the expense of nonhuman animals, which is not sustainable, just, or compassionate. This article also offers an alternative vision for protecting and promoting health for all over the long term that includes the human right to self-determination and the nonhuman animal right to not be exploited or abused. This rights-based approach recognizes that the root causes of zoonosis should be identified and addressed via policies and actions that challenge nonhuman animal exploitation.",
+        "output": "How One Health Instrumentalizes Nonhuman Animals.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize and compare female ice hockey players' peak skating speed and acceleration ability during linear sprints and gameplay. We also sought to quantify the time spent at various speeds and the frequency of accelerations at different thresholds during games.METHODS: Seventeen varsity-level female ice hockey players (20 [1.4]y, 68.9 [4.9]kg, 167.6 [4.7]cm) participated in an on-ice practice session (performing 3 * 40-m linear sprints) and 4 regular-season games while being monitored using a local positioning system. Speed and acceleration were recorded from the sprint and within-game monitoring. Time on ice spent in relative skating speed zones and the frequency of accelerations at different intensities were recorded.RESULTS: Players' greatest peak speeds (29.5 [1.3] vs 28.3 [1.1]km/h) and accelerations (4.39 [0.48] vs 3.34 [0.36]m/s2) reached during gameplay were higher than those reached in linear sprinting (both P < .01). Peak in-game values were moderately predicted by linear sprint values for speed (r = .69, P < .01) but not for acceleration (r < .01, P = .95). Players spent little time at near-peak linear sprint speeds (\u226580% [22.7km/h], 3% time on ice; \u226590% [25.5km/h], <1% of time on ice) during gameplay. However, 26% to 35% of accelerations recorded during the 4 games were \u226590% of linear sprint acceleration.CONCLUSIONS: Although skating speed may be advantageous in specific game situations, our results suggest that players spend little time at near-maximal speeds while accelerating frequently during games. This warrants further investigation of direction changes, skating transitions, repeated sprints, and other determinant variables potentially related to on-ice success and the implementation of training strategies to improve repeated acceleration or qualities beyond maximal skating speed.",
-        "output": "Investigating the Relevance of Maximal Speed and Acceleration in Varsity-Level Female Ice Hockey Players.",
+        "input": "Abstract: From a gender historical perspective, labour precarity constitutes a long-term phenomenon. Women's work represents a privileged observatory to understand how instability and precarity also characterised the cycle of economic and industrial expansion of the 1950s and 1960s. The article compares the conditions of female factory workers with those of home-based workers, a traditionally invisible category of workers, who between the 1960s and 1970s promoted demonstrations and protests with the support of trade unions, women's associations and local institutions. Changes in the subjectivity of women workers and homeworkers, whose demands often came together and gave rise to joint protests, not only became part of broader discussions on the relationship between industrial crisis and precariousness, but also generated discourses on specific forms of work that are now central to debates on flexible/precarious work such as part-time work.",
+        "output": "Italian women workers and women activists between home and factory: the struggle against labour precarity (1950s-1970s)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: In 2020-2021 Brazil simultaneously experienced the far -right presidency of Jair Bolsonaro and the world's largest health crisis in a century. The Covid-19 pandemic struck the country deeply, killing about 690 thousand people by late 2022. They were also years of increased pressure by capital on peasants and indigenous people, targets of the violence with which capital, ever since its dawn, has wielded to advance over spaces that serve the subsistence of immediate producers. In this period, the Brazilian state continued to comply with decades-old demands from neoliberal ideology for privatizations and the dismantling of protections for workers and the poor in general. These phenomena, when articulated by theory inspired by the Marxian concept of primitive accumulation, suggest that the Bolsonaro administration and its class allies used the pandemic as a political opportunity for dispossessing policies. The article discusses this based on concepts that distinguish dispossessions that serve capital expansion from those that do not. The first group includes processes that lead to proletarianization of immediate producers in addition to the capitalization or commodification of hitherto means of subsistence. Among dispossessions that do not expand capital are those that involve the simple redistribution of surpluses or means of production. The paper contributes to the literature on dispossession by analyzing concrete manifestations of it, drawing on a conceptual framework that distinguishes dispossession types that have been conflated in much current research.",
-        "output": "Dispossessions in Bolsonaro's Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic",
+        "input": "Abstract: The pronounced growth in livestock populations since the 1950s has altered the epidemiological and evolutionary trajectory of their associated pathogens. For example, Marek's disease virus (MDV), which causes lymphoid tumors in chickens, has experienced a marked increase in virulence over the past century. Today, MDV infections kill >90% of unvaccinated birds, and controlling it costs more than US$1 billion annually. By sequencing MDV genomes derived from archeological chickens, we demonstrate that it has been circulating for at least 1000 years. We functionally tested the Meq oncogene, one of 49 viral genes positively selected in modern strains, demonstrating that ancient MDV was likely incapable of driving tumor formation. Our results demonstrate the power of ancient DNA approaches to trace the molecular basis of virulence in economically relevant pathogens.",
+        "output": "Ancient chicken remains reveal the origins of virulence in Marek's disease virus",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Making health science students aware of the importance of basic science knowledge for professional practice is a major educational challenge, especially during the early years of preclinical courses. Here, using an integrated curricular approach, we analyze whether Work Station Learning Activities (WSLA), which combine active learning methodologies for teaching basic science in clinical scenarios, can help to develop deeper learning and student engagement. In order to increase student motivation, we evaluated the effectiveness of WSLA using statistical analyses and an observation tool based on the ICAP (Interactive, Constructive, Active, and Passive) framework, which categorizes learning tasks based on the nature of student engagement. Statistical analyses revealed positive correlations between the different summative evaluations along the development of the activities, indicating the learning process inherent to WSLA progression and affirming the positive influence of WSLA on academic outcomes. Comparing the pre- and post-tests, students scored significantly higher on the post-test (statistically significant p<0.001). WSLA promotes both constructivist and interactive learning, as validated by its alignment with the ICAP model. The study examines student engagement through systematic observation, revealing a relationship between student engagement and final grades. Students who exhibit constructive learning consistently earn higher grades, emphasizing the positive impact of active engagement. Thus, passive behavior profiles show a significant proportion of fails (40%), while constructive profiles stand out as the sole recipients of the coveted excellent rating. Ultimately, this study contributes to our understanding of the effectiveness of WSLA in promoting active learning and enhancing student engagement within integrated health education curricula. It highlights the importance of active learning behaviors for academic success and suggests avenues for further research to optimize integrated teaching methodologies in medical education.",
-        "output": "Enhancing academic performance and student engagement in health education: insights from Work Station Learning Activities (WSLA).",
+        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: To identify the relationship between the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and clinical outcomes in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD).METHODS: The PubMed, EBASE, Web of Science and CNKI databases were searched for available studies up to December 25, 2023. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcomes included the incidence of PD dropout, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), technique failure and peritonitis. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were combined to evaluate the predictive value of the GNRI for the occurrence of the above endpoints.RESULTS: Ten cohort studies with 3897 patients were included. The pooled results demonstrated that a lower GNRI was significantly associated with a greater incidence of all-cause mortality (HR\u2005=\u20050.71, 95% CI: 0.55-0.91; P\u2005=\u2005.007). In addition, a decreased GNRI predicted the occurrence of dropout from PD (HR\u2005=\u20050.971, 95% CI: 0.945-0.998, P\u2005=\u2005.034) and MACCE (HR\u2005=\u20050.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98, P\u2005=\u2005.001). However, no significant associations of the GNRI with technique failure (P\u2005=\u2005.167) or peritonitis (P\u2005=\u2005.96) were observed.CONCLUSION: A low GNRI is significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes and might serve as a novel and valuable prognostic indicator among PD patients.",
+        "output": "Association between the geriatric nutritional risk index and clinical outcomes among peritoneal dialysis patients: A meta-analysis.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Domestic wastewaters contaminated with N-nitrosamines pose a significant threat to river ecosystems worldwide, particularly in urban areas with riparian cities. Despite widespread concern, the precise impact of these contaminants on receiving river waters remains uncertain. This study investigated eight N-nitrosamines in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and their adjacent receiving river, the Lijiang River in Guilin City, Southwest China. By analyzing thirty wastewater samples from five full-scale WWTPs and twenty-three river water samples from Guilin, we quantified the mass loads of N-nitrosamines discharged into the surrounding watershed via domestic effluents. The results revealed that N-nitrosodimethylamine (10-60 ng/L), N-nitro- sodiethylamine (3.4-22 ng/L), and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (not detected-4.5 ng/g) were predominant in influents, effluents, and sludge, respectively, with the overall removal efficiencies ranging from 17.7 to 65.6% during wastewater treatment. Cyclic activated sludge system and ultraviolet disinfection were effective in removing N-nitrosamines (rates of 59.6% and 24.3%), while chlorine dioxide disinfection promoted their formation. A total of 30.4 g/day of N-nitrosamine mass loads were observed in the Lijiang River water, with domestic effluents contributing about 31.3% (19.4 g/day), followed by livestock breeding wastewater (34.5%, 12.0 g/day), and unknown sources (24.7%, 7.5 g/day). These findings highlight the critical role of WWTPs in transporting N- nitrosamines to watersheds and emphasize the urgent need for further investigation into other potential sources of N-nitrosamine pollution within watersheds.",
-        "output": "Occurrence and fate of N-nitrosamines in full-scale domestic wastewater treatment plants and their impact on receiving waters along the Lijiang River, China",
+        "input": "Abstract: Foraging is a central competence of all mobile organisms. Models and concepts from foraging theory have been applied widely throughout biology to the search for many kinds of external resources, including food, sexual encounters, minerals, water, and the like. In cognitive science and neuroscience, the tools of foraging theory are increasingly applied to a wide range of other types of search, including for abstract resources like information or for internal resources like memories, concepts, and strategies for problem solving. Despite its importance in ecology and increasing relevance for the study of cognition, the concept of foraging is rarely analyzed. Here, I aim to rectify this situation. I outline three desiderata: first, an analysis should differentiate foraging from search and decision making more generally; second, an analysis should unify different types of foraging; and third, an analysis should help ground predictions. I present an analysis of foraging as the serial search for general resources in accept-or-reject, exclusive, persistent decision contexts. Not all search is serial and not all decision making is exclusive, differentiating foraging from search and decision making generally. With the aid of Markov decision processes and directed cyclical models, I show how the analysis implies a cyclical graph. This cyclical graph is embedded in the description of many types of foraging, unifying the different instances. Finally, I argue that the cyclical graph is also embedded in representations of novel task contexts that have not previously been viewed as foraging. I illustrate this novel application of the concept of foraging by arguing that reasoning is a type of foraging.",
+        "output": "What is foraging?",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: The research focuses on analyzing the production techniques and materials of a Roman paint-plastered ceiling from a Late Antique Roman villa near Negrar (Verona, Italy), recently uncovered. Stylistic features of the decoration, found in reworked collapse debris during the villa's excavation, date the ceiling to the original construction phase in the 4(th) century CE. The paper presents the protocol we adopted for recovering and analyzing the painted decoration of the villa, which was in-laboratory recomposed in its original layout after a meticulous and systematic retrieval of fragmented materials. Microsamples of mortar and pigment were then taken to fully reconstruct the execution technique and raw materials used in the paint-plastered ceiling, detailing the application of the tectorium and pigment preparation. Mortar samples were analyzed to define preparatory layer properties, using various analytical techniques including Transmitted-Light Polarized Optical Microscopy (TL-OM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (SEM-EDS). Optical reflected-light microscopy detected guide incisions on the preparatory mortar, while Reflected-Light Optical Microscopy (RL-OM) revealed the microstratigraphy of pictorial micro-layers. Micro-samplings of painted decorations were conducted to define pigment palettes, determining their mineralogical composition through X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) analysis coupled with micro-Raman analyses for the determination of carbon-based compounds. The research aims to establish a comprehensive protocol for future endeavors, integrating archaeological reassembly with precise micro-analyses of pigments and mortars, deciphering the intricate layout of ancient, fragmented decorations. This study is the first of its kind in Northern Italy, overcoming challenges posed by fragmented and reworked artifacts in previous research, enabling detailed analytical studies like those conducted here. Moreover, this study of the paint-plastered ceiling of the Late Roman villa of Negrar aims to provide a new impulse for the knowledge of Late Antique painting techniques and materials, which were only marginally considered within Roman painting tradition so far.",
-        "output": "Production technique and multi-analytical characterization of a paint-plastered ceiling from the Late Antique villa of Negrar (Verona, Italy)",
+        "input": "Abstract: On 17 December 2010, the self-immolation of a young street vendor in Sidi Bouzid, a town in inland Tunisia, instigated the uprisings that became known as the Arab Spring or the Arab Revolutions - a wording that I will use here as a translation from the Arabic al-thawrat al-`arabiyya. Observers were shocked at the radical protests arising in these regions, where authoritarian regimes had crushed all serious opposition over the decades. Conflicts governed by geopolitics, in particular the ongoing Israeli-Arab and Israeli-Palestinian hostilities, and the focus on political Islam and jihadism as the only globalized locus of political protest, have arrogated any attention for societies, their transformation, and their mobilization.",
+        "output": "A Decade after the Arab Revolutions: Reflections on the Evolution of Questions about the SWANA Region",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: This article describes the organization, operation, and contents of the Virtual Historical Archive of the Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The organization of this archive started in 2008, as part of the activities planned by the Chair II of History of Psychology, and gained the support of the Faculty of Psychology. From its beginnings to the present, several documentary sources and materials related to the history of psychology in Argentina have been incorporated. It currently contains six thematic sections and three special collections, and it is expected that in the future it will be extended to other thematic areas. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).",
-        "output": "Research note: Virtual historical archive of the Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.",
+        "input": "Abstract: PEPAdb (Prehistoric Europe's Personal Adornment Database) is a long-term, open-ended project that aims to improve access to archaeological data online. Its website (https://pepadb.us.es) publishes and analyses datasets about prehistoric personal adornment, drawing on the results of various research projects and bibliographic references.",
+        "output": "Unlocking archaeological data online via the PEPAdb (Prehistoric Europe's Personal Adornment Database) initiative for Open Science",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Pelvic exenteration (PE) is a technically challenging surgical procedure. More recently, quality of life and survivorship following PEs are being increasingly acknowledged as important patient outcomes. This includes evaluating major long-term complications such as hernias, defined as the protrusion of internal organs through a facial defect (The PelvEx Collaborative in Br J Surg109:1251-1263, 2022), for which there is currently limited literature. The aim of this paper is to ascertain the incidence and risk factors for postoperative hernia formation among our PE cohort managed at a quaternary centre.METHOD: A retrospective cohort study examining hernia formation following PE for locally advanced rectal carcinoma and locally recurrent rectal carcinoma between June 2010 and August 2022 at a quaternary cancer centre was performed. Baseline data evaluating patient characteristics, surgical techniques and outcomes was collated among a PE cohort of 243 patients. Postoperative hernia incidence was evaluated via independent radiological screening and clinical examination.RESULTS: A total of 79 patients (32.5%) were identified as having developed a hernia. Expectantly, those undergoing flap reconstruction had a lower incidence of postoperative hernias. Of the 79 patients who developed postoperative hernias, 16.5% reported symptoms with the most common symptom reported being pain. Reintervention was required in 18 patients (23%), all of which were operative.CONCLUSION: This study found over one-third of PE patients developed a hernia postoperatively. This paper highlights the importance of careful perioperative planning and optimization of patients to minimize morbidity.",
-        "output": "Evaluating postoperative hernia incidence and risk factors following pelvic exenteration.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Risk information avoidance (RIA) has become an increasingly ubiquitous behavior for people to deal with massive volumes of information. Given its detrimental impact, abundant studies were conducted to explore its antecedents. Nevertheless, the results are scattered and, in some cases, inconsistent. We thereby conducted a meta-analysis to present a synthesis of the current findings by identifying the most relevant antecedents and moderators. Guided by the framework of Planned Risk Information Avoidance, we examined 11 antecedents along cognitive, emotional, and sociocultural dimensions. Based on 52 articles across various contexts, the results indicated that information overload (r = .30), efficacy belief (r = -.11), fatalism (r = .18), information insufficiency (r = -.09), anxiety (r = .26), worry (r = -.08) and information avoiding norms (r = .50) were significant predictors of RIA. Furthermore, uncertainty avoidance and information type were identified as moderators.",
+        "output": "Disentangling the Effects of Cognitive, Affective, and Sociocultural Factors on Risk Information Avoidance: A Meta-Analysis",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Nanovoids within a polyamide layer play an important role in the separation performance of thin-film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. To form more extensive nanovoids for enhanced performance, one commonly used method is to incorporate sacrificial nanofillers in the polyamide layer during the exothermic interfacial polymerization (IP) reaction, followed by some post-etching processes. However, these post-treatments could harm the membrane integrity, thereby leading to reduced selectivity. In this study, we applied in situ self-etchable sacrificial nanofillers by taking advantage of the strong acid and heat generated in IP. CaCO3 nanoparticles (nCaCO(3)) were used as the model nanofillers, which can be in situ etched by reacting with H+ to leave void nanostructures behind. This reaction can further degas CO2 nanobubbles assisted by heat in IP to form more nanovoids in the polyamide layer. These nanovoids can facilitate water transport by enlarging the effective surface filtration area of the polyamide and reducing hydraulic resistance to significantly enhance water permeance. The correlations between the nanovoid properties and membrane performance were systematically analyzed. We further demonstrate that the nCaCO(3)-tailored membrane can improve membrane antifouling propensity and rejections to boron and As(III) compared with the control. This study investigated a novel strategy of applying self-etchable gas precursors to engrave the polyamide layer for enhanced membrane performance, which provides new insights into the design and synthesis of TFC membranes.",
-        "output": "Engraving Polyamide Layers by In Situ Self-Etchable CaCO3 Nanoparticles Enhances Separation Properties and Antifouling Performance of Reverse Osmosis Membranes",
+        "input": "Abstract: The corrosion inhibition effect, reinforcement effect and penetration effect of rusted bronze before and after the compounding of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) with B72 (Paraloid B72) were investigated using surface analysis and electrochemical techniques. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and quantum chemical computing techniques were used to explore the mechanism of corrosion mitigation further. In addition, an electronic universal testing machine was used to test the ability of the material to reinforce different rust compositions before and after compounding. The dynamic potential polarization method was used to determine the composite scheme's optimal corrosion inhibition ratio and study the corrosion inhibition effect. The experimental results showed that the best corrosion inhibition effect was achieved at the ratio of MBI/B72 ratio 3:7, and the corrosion inhibition efficiency was 97.84 % under these conditions. Most of the MBI molecules used by us presented prominent permeation adsorption behavior. They formed uneven films of Cu(I)-MBI and Cu(II)-MBI coordination compounds on the surface of the rust layer. Finally, B72 combines with MBI molecules through hydrogen bonding to form a compact and smooth film, which helps improve corrosion inhibition efficiency and plays a certain role in reinforcement. (c) 2024 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR).",
+        "output": "2-Mercaptob enzimidazole compounde d with the conventional sealer B72 for the protection of rusted bronze",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Australopiths are a group of early human ancestors that lived approximately 4 to 2 million years ago and are considered a key transitional form between apes and humans. Studying australopiths can help to understand the evolutionary processes that led to the emergence of humans and gain insights into the unique adaptations and characteristics that set humans apart from other primates. A bibliometric-based review of publications on australopiths contained in the Scopus database was conducted, analyzing approximately 2000 of them. The main authors, institutions, and countries researching this subject were identified, as well as their future development. The connections between authors, countries, and research topics were also analyzed through the detection of communities. The more frequent keywords in this subject are hominid, animal, human, South Africa, and Australopithecus afarensis. Four main research clusters were identified in the field of australopiths: palaeobiology, cranial evolution, locomotion, and mandible evolution and morphometry. The most important countries in terms of collaboration networks are South Africa, the UK, France, and Germany. Research on australopiths is ongoing, and new research clusters are expected to emerge, such as those focused on pre-australopiths and the molecular evolution and taxonomy of australopiths. Overall, this work provides a comprehensive overview of the state of research on australopiths and offers insights into the current direction of the field.Les australopithes sont un groupe de premiers ancetres humains qui vivaient il y a environ 4 a 2 millions d'annees et sont consideres comme une forme de transition essentielle entre les singes et les humains. L'etude des australopithes peut aider a comprendre les processus evolutifs qui ont conduit a l'emergence de l'homme et a mieux comprendre les adaptations et les caracteristiques uniques qui distinguent l'homme des autres primates. Une etude bibliometrique des publications sur les australopithes contenues dans la base de donnees Scopus a ete realisee, analysant environ 2000 d'entre elles. Les principaux auteurs, institutions et pays menant des recherches sur ce sujet ont ete identifies, ainsi que leur evolution future. Les liens entre les auteurs, les pays et les sujets de recherche ont egalement ete analyses par la detection de communautes. Les mots-cles les plus frequents dans ce domaine sont hominid, animal, human, South Africa et Australopithecus afarensis. Quatre groupes de recherche principaux ont ete identifies dans le domaine des australopithes: paleobiologie, evolution cranienne, locomotion, et evolution et morphometrie de la mandibule. Les pays les plus importants en termes de reseaux de collaboration sont l'Afrique du Sud, le Royaume-Uni, la France et l'Allemagne. Les recherches sur les australopithes se poursuivent et de nouveaux groupes de recherche devraient voir le jour, comme ceux qui se concentrent sur les pre-australopithes et sur l'evolution moleculaire et la taxonomie des australopithes. Dans l'ensemble, ce travail fournit une vue d'ensemble de l'etat de la recherche sur les australopithes et donne un apercu de l'orientation actuelle.",
-        "output": "Worldwide Research on Australopiths",
+        "input": "Abstract: Sometime around the first half of the seventeenth century, a Muslim woman known by the name Fatima brought her slaves to court over an inheritance dispute in the Indian port city of Surat. Tracing Fatima's lawsuit and its many afterlives through the study of the transmission of its sole surviving record, this article charts the genealogies of the gendered (re)interpretations of the meaning of law and Islam from the courtroom of Surat to a Mughal official's anthology and to a French Orientalist's library. Along the way, Fatima's invocation of divine legal authority in protecting her right of inheritance became abstracted by the Mughal official into a Persianate scribal articulation of ideal social order that saw the masculine as the default gender of law. This scribal vision of order then converged with the Orientalist's universalist narrative of natural law that struggled to comprehend simultaneously the legal, economic and bodily agency of Muslim women. These layered processes of archive-making ultimately invite us to rethink not just Fatima's story itself but also our current efforts to write gender into global history.",
+        "output": "FATIMA'S INHERITANCE: LAW, ISLAM, AND GENDERED ARCHIVE-MAKING IN INDIA'S EARLY MODERN GLOBAL CONNECTIONS",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Satellite-based precipitation estimates and global reanalysis products bear the promise of supporting the development of accurate and timely climate information for end users in sub-Sharan Africa. The accuracy of these global models, however, may be reduced in data-scarce regions and should be carefully evaluated. This study evaluates the performance of ERA5 reanalysis data and CHIRPS precipitation data against ground-based measurements from 167 rain gauges in Ethiopia, a region with complex topography and diverse climates. Focusing over a 38-year period (1981-2018), our study utilizes a point-to-pixel analysis to compare daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual precipitation data, conducting an evaluation based on continuous and categorical metrics. Our findings indicate that over Ethiopia CHIRPS generally outperforms ERA5, particularly in high-altitude areas, demonstrating a better capability in detecting high-intensity rainfall events. Both datasets, however, exhibit lower performance in Ethiopia's lowland regions, possibly the influence of sparse rain gauge networks informing gridded datasets. Notably, both CHIRPS and ERA5 were found to underestimate rainfall variability, with CHIRPS displaying a slight advantage in representing the erratic nature of Ethiopian rainfall. The study's results highlight considerable performance differences between CHIRPS and ERA5 across varying Ethiopian landscapes and climatic conditions. CHIRPS' effectiveness in high-altitude regions, especially for daily rainfall estimation, emphasizes its suitability in similar geographic contexts. Conversely, the lesser performance of ERA5 in these areas suggests a need for refined calibration and validation processes, particularly for complex terrains. These insights are essential for the application of satellite-based and reanalysis of rainfall data in meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological contexts, particularly in topographically and climatically diverse regions.",
-        "output": "Evaluation of ERA5 and CHIRPS rainfall estimates against observations across Ethiopia",
+        "input": "Abstract: Background: Preterm neonates are extensively monitored to require strict oxygen target attainment for optimal outcomes. In daily practice, detailed oxygenation data are hardly used and crucial patterns may be missed due to the snapshot presentations and subjective observations. This study aimed to develop a web-based dashboard with both detailed and summarized oxygenation data in real-time and to test its feasibility to support clinical decision making. Methods: Data from pulse oximeters and ventilators were synchronized and stored to enable real-time and retrospective trend visualizations in a web-based viewer. The dashboard was designed based on interviews with clinicians. A preliminary version was evaluated during daily clinical rounds. The routine evaluation of the respiratory condition of neonates (gestational age < 32 weeks) with respiratory support at the NICU was compared to an assessment with the assistance of the dashboard. Results: The web-based dashboard included data on the oxygen saturation (SpO(2)), fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO(2)), SpO(2)/FiO(2) ratio, and area < 80% and > 95% SpO(2) curve during time intervals that could be varied. The distribution of SpO(2) values was visualized as histograms. In 65% of the patient evaluations (n = 86) the level of hypoxia was assessed differently with the use of the dashboard. In 75% of the patients the dashboard was judged to provide added value for the clinicians in supporting clinical decisions. Conclusions: A web-based customized oxygenation dashboard for preterm neonates at the NICU was developed and found feasible during evaluation. More clear and objective information was found supportive for clinicians during the daily rounds in tailoring treatment strategies.",
+        "output": "Development of a Web-Based Oxygenation Dashboard for Preterm Neonates: A Quality Improvement Initiative",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: Implementing digital transformation and artificial intelligence (AI) in education and practice necessitates understanding nursing students' attitudes and behaviors as end-users toward current and future digital and AI applications.PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the perceived knowledge, attitudes, and skills of nursing students regarding digital transformation, as well as their digital health literacy (DHL) and attitudes toward AI. Furthermore, we investigated the potential correlations among these variables.METHODS: A descriptive correlational design was employed in a Saudi nursing college utilizing a convenience sample of 266 nursing students. A structured questionnaire consisting of six sections was used, covering personal information, knowledge, skills and attitudes toward digital transformation, digital skills, DHL, and attitudes toward AI. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were employed for data analysis.RESULTS: Nursing students exhibited good knowledge of and positive attitudes toward digital transformation services. They possessed strong digital skills, and their DHL and positive attitude toward AI were commendable. Overall, the findings indicated significant positive correlations between knowledge of digital transformation services and all the digital variables measured (p=<0.05). Senior students reported greater digital knowledge and a positive attitude toward AI.CONCLUSION: The study recommends an innovative undergraduate curriculum that integrates opportunities for hands-on experience with digital healthcare technologies to enhance their digital literacy and skills.",
-        "output": "Digital proficiency: assessing knowledge, attitudes, and skills in digital transformation, health literacy, and artificial intelligence among university nursing students.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Soil use and management practices influence the quantity and quality of soil organic matter (SOM). From this perspective, the objective of this work was to evaluate the carbon stock and SOM fractions in a no-tillage (NT) and crop-livestock integration (CL) system in the Cerrado biome. The treatments were divided into four areas, subdivided into an area under NT with 11 years of cultivation, two areas under CL with 5 or 10 years of cultivation, and an area of native vegetation (NV). Undisturbed and disturbed soil (Ferralsols) samples were collected in layers 0.0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.4, and 0.4-0.6 m for the evaluations of soil properties, including bulk density, weighted mean diameter, clay content, carbon stock, carbon stock of light and mineral fractions, humification rate, and carbon management index. The results obtained suggest that the environments with the highest conservation of the physical properties of the soil are those that contain the highest levels of stable C. The main mechanism for C protection in the systems evaluated was mainly associated with physical protection, promoted by soil aggregates, capable of keeping C protected, and mitigation of C into the atmosphere. The values of the carbon management index in the agriculture areas were >100, indicating that these production systems could approach the soil quality of the native vegetation reference system.",
+        "output": "Stock of Carbon and Soil Organic Fractions in No-Tillage and Crop-Livestock Integration Systems",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: Inappropriate medication utilization among older adults is a pressing concern in the United States, owing to its high prevalence and the consequential detrimental impact it engenders. The adverse effects stemming from the inappropriate use of medication may be unequally borne by racial/ethnic minority populations, calling for greater efforts towards promoting equity in healthcare. The study objective was to assess the cost-effectiveness of Medication Therapy Management (MTM) services among Medicare beneficiaries and across racial/ethnic groups.METHODS: Medicare administrative data from 2016 to 2017 linked to Area Health Resources Files were used to analyze Medicare fee-for-service patients aged 65 or above with continuous Parts A/B/D coverage. The intervention group included new MTM enrollees in 2017; the control group referred to patients who met the general MTM eligible criteria but did not enroll in 2016 or 2017. The 2 groups were matched using a propensity score method. Effectiveness was evaluated as the proportion of appropriate medication utilization based on performance measures developed by the Pharmacy Quality Alliance. Costs were computed as total healthcare costs from Medicare perspective. A multivariable net benefit regressions with a classic linear model and Bayesian analysis were utilized. Net benefit was calculated based on willingness-to-pay thresholds at various multiples of the gross domestic product in 2017. Three-way interaction terms among dummy variables for MTM enrollment, 2017, and racial/ethnic minority groups were incorporated in a difference-in-differences study design.RESULTS: After adjusting for patient characteristics, the findings indicate that MTM receipt was associated with incremental net benefit among each race and ethnicity. For instance, the net benefit of MTM among the non-Hispanic White patients was $2498 (95% confidence interval\u2005=\u2005$1609, $3386) at a willingness-to-pay value of $59,908. The study found no significant difference in net benefits for MTM services between minority and White patients.CONCLUSION: The study provides evidence that MTM is a cost-effective tool for managing medication utilization among the Medicare population. However, MTM may not be cost-effective in reducing racial/ethnic disparities in medication utilization in the short term. Further research is needed to understand the long-term cost-effectiveness of MTM on racial/ethnic disparities.",
-        "output": "Cost-effectiveness of medication therapy management among Medicare population and across racial/ethnic groups.",
+        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: Brachial plexus reconstruction (BPR) is a rapidly advancing field within hand surgery. BPR procedures are complex, time-intensive, and require microsurgical expertise. As physician reimbursement rates for BPR are poorly defined, relative to more common hand procedures, we sought to analyze compensation for BPR across different payor groups and understand the factors contributing to their reimbursement.METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of surgeries by a single senior staff member in a 4-year period to evaluate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes from BPR cases. For comparison, all finger fracture fixations and skin graft reconstructions performed by the same surgeon over the same time period were analyzed as well.RESULTS: A total of 57 BPR cases, 94 finger fracture fixation cases, and 69 skin grafting cases met inclusion criteria. Among the top 5 insurance providers, average work relative value unit (wRVU)/hour was 6.55, 3.49, and 12.67 for BPR, fracture fixation, and skin grafts, respectively. Reimbursements were an average $685.76/hour for BPR, compared to $590.10/hour for fracture fixation and $1,197.94/hour for skin grafts.CONCLUSIONS: BPR demonstrates a relative undervaluation, in terms of reimbursement per hour, given the time and surgical skill required for such cases, particularly compared to shorter, less complex cases such as skin grafting and fracture fixation. We find that this discrepancy is amplified across multiple levels of coding, billing, and reimbursement. We suggest specific strategies for physician leadership to more directly participate in the financial decisions that affect themselves, their patients, and their specialty.",
+        "output": "Surgical Complexity and Physician Compensation: An Analysis of Relative Under-Valuation for Pediatric Brachial Plexus Surgery.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: The article focuses on the stratigraphy of the late Byzantine pavement of the Southwest Church, Umm el-Jimal, Jordan and the production technology of their mortars by applying thin section petrography, x-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS). Investigations revealed the similarity between the studied pavement and standard Roman mosaic pavements. The pavement consists of four layers (statumen, rudus, nucleus and bedding), but lacks the tessellatum layer. The statumen was constructed using large stones and then leveled by soil and pebbles, while the other three layers are composed of lime-based mortars formed by two different recipes. The white-beige non-hydraulic mortar of the bedding layer consists of a lime binder and aggregates of scoria and organic fibers, and a Binder:Aggregate (B:A) ratio of 1:2. The grey hydraulic mortars of the rudus and nucleus are mixtures of lime and silica-rich silt/clay, fine sand, volcanic rocks, ceramics, and charcoal; and B:A ratios of 1:4. The rudus and nucleus mortars have high values of hydraulic and cementation indices, reflecting their hydraulic properties, which most probably originated from the reaction between lime, ceramic and volcanic inclusions. In contrast, lack of ceramic and absence of the reactions between lime and scoria of the bedding layer probably produced a mortar with low values of hydraulic and cementation indices, but durable and resistant to weight load.",
-        "output": "The pavement layers of the Southwest Church of Umm el-Jimal, Jordan: stratigraphy and archaeometric characterization",
+        "input": "Abstract: An interdisciplinary scientific project composed of different work groups was set up after the fire of Notre-Dame cathedral in 2019 which aims at studying all different aspects of the building and its evolutions from the 12th to the 19th century. One of them is the Metal work group who investigates the use of iron and lead in this monument and try for instance to trace the history of lead uses in the construction and restorations of cathedrals. The present paper focuses on the case of Notre-Dame de Paris, a jewel of French gothic architecture to question the role of this metal in its structure, to determine the quantities used and to investigate issues related to its provisioning and its recycling. Paradoxically, though the fire of 15th April 2019 melted almost the whole lead roof as well as decorative elements on the spire, lost forever for scientific investigations, it also enabled to reveal hidden parts of the cathedral where lead used as sealing became accessible thanks to scaffolding. A methodology combining archaeology, archive record study and archaeometry was implemented to study the remaining lead in the cathedral leading to a textual approach coupled with a material approach. Two case studies are considered in this paper as representative of lead uses at different periods of the cathedral's life: in medieval masonry with cramp's sealings in the tribunes, and on the sacristy's roof dating from the 19th century. For the first case, a chronology of the construction will be suggested and for the second a discussion between chemical analyses and archive records will be opened. (c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR).",
+        "output": "Casting, joining and recycling. Use of lead and plumbers practices in Notre-Dame building yard (12th-19th c.) through historical, archaeological and chemical investigations",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of severe acute kidney injury (AKI) on short-term mortality in patients with urosepsis.METHODS: This prospective cohort study evaluated 207 patients with urosepsis. AKI was diagnosed in accordance with the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria, and severe AKI was defined as stage 2 or 3 AKI. Patients were divided into two groups: patients who developed severe AKI (severe AKI group) and patients who did not (control group). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality within 30days. The secondary endpoints were 90-day mortality and in-hospital mortality. The exploratory outcomes were the risk factors for severe AKI development.RESULTS: The median patient age was 79years. Of the 207 patients, 56 (27%) developed severe AKI. The 30-day mortality rate in the severe AKI group was significantly higher than that in the control group (20% vs. 2.0%, respectively; P<0.001). In the multivariable analysis, performance status and severe AKI were significantly associated with 30-day mortality. The in-hospital mortality and 90-day mortality rates in the severe AKI group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). In the multivariable analysis, age, urolithiasis-related sepsis, lactate values, and disseminated intravascular coagulation were significantly associated with severe AKI development.CONCLUSIONS: Severe AKI was a common complication in patients with urosepsis and contributed to high short-term mortality rates.",
-        "output": "Impact of severe acute kidney injury on short-term mortality in urosepsis.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Against the rise of mobility platforms, this paper explores the practices and politics of mobility arising from the everyday infrastructural functioning of Baemin, the largest food delivery platform in South Korea. While the literature on food delivery platforms centres on changing labour relations, platform workers do not merely represent a new type of labour; they likewise form a critical conduit in the urban logistics system. Platform-mediated food delivery can be therefore conceptualised as a moving assemblage of heterogeneous entities that constitutes an urban infrastructure. Having emerged as an urban mobility regime, food delivery platforms increasingly enact a form of governance, enabling a particular mode of circulation and movements. Engaging with the mobility framework, combined with critical infrastructure scholarship, this paper seeks to uncover the politics of im/mobility involved in the creation of a ceaselessly flowing city envisaged by Baemin. It identifies three forms of mobilities-connected, programmed, and immobilised-produced through contingent interactions between moving bodies, technologies, and the environment, which could amount to tethering effects. Integrating empirical materials from multimethod mobile ethnography in Seoul, it presents on-the-ground accounts of practices, interactions, and sensations gathered around the Baemin-mediated food delivery.",
+        "output": "Connected, programmed, and immobilised: mobile ethnography of platform-mediated food delivery in Seoul",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND, OBJECTIVE AND HYPOTHESES: During emerging adulthood, vocational indecision (i.e., the inability to make coherent career choices) develops in a heterogeneous fashion, with three distinct patterns: low; decreasing (i.e., developmental or adaptative); high and stable or increasing (i.e., chronic or maladaptive). Among the determinants of vocational indecision that have been identified in past research, academic motivation is a crucial an excellent choice, since it is at school that students' vocational choices are validated or not. According to SDT, this motivation can vary both in quantity and quality, and students tend to experience more positive academic outcomes when their motivational profile is optimal (high quantity, high quality) as opposed to suboptimal (e.g., low quantity, low quality). Thus, the purpose of this longitudinal study was to verify if the patterns found with emerging adulthood students characterized vocational indecision in adolescent students, and if supported, to predict the belonging to the most problematic trajectory by using students' academic motivational profiles. We expected several distinct trajectories of vocational indecision that would differ in shape and magnitude, and several motivational profiles that vary in quality as well as in quantity. We also expected students in high-quality or quantity motivational profiles to be less likely to follow a chronic indecision trajectory.METHOD AND RESULTS: Using data from 384 students (56% female; Mage=13.52years; SD=.52 at Secondary 2) surveyed annually from Secondary 2 to 5, person-centered analyses enabled estimation of motivational profile in Secondary 2 and vocational indecision trajectories during the 4-year period. Results revealed four distinct patterns of vocational indecision during adolescence labelled Low and Stable, Moderate and Stable, Developmental and Chronic Intermittent. Four motivational profiles were also identified in Secondary 2, ranging from poor (Highly Amotivated) to moderate (Autonomous-Introjected) quality of self-determination level. Also, in reference to the most self-determined profile, students in the Mixed profile were at greatest risk of following Chronically-Intermittently Undecided trajectory. Finally, the most self-determined students were at greatest probability of following the Developmentally Undecided trajectory.CONCLUSION: Overall, the findings suggest that the student motivational functioning in early secondary school years could be used to identify students at risk of experiencing the negative indecision patterns across secondary school. Several theoretical and practical implications are suggested.",
-        "output": "Predicting trajectories of vocational indecision from motivational profiles in early adolescence.",
+        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: Medical students hold significant importance, as they represent the future of healthcare provision. This study aimed to explore psychological antecedents towards the monkeypox (mpox) vaccines amongpostgraduate and undergraduatemedical students across countries.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical students aged 18 years old and above in 7 countries; Egypt, Romania, Malaysia, and Yemen, Iraq, India, and Nigeria. We used social media platforms between September 27 and November 4, 2022. An anonymous online survey using the 5C scale was conducted using snowball and convenience Sampling methods to assess the 5 psychological antecedents of vaccination (i.e., confidence, constraints, complacency, and calculation, as well as collective responsibility).RESULTS: A total of 2780 participants were recruited. Participants' median age was 22 years and 52.1% of them were males. The 5C psychological antecedents of vaccination were as follows: 55% were confident about vaccination, 10% were complacent, 12% experienced constraints, and 41% calculated the risk and benefit. Lastly, 32% were willing to be vaccinated for the prevention of infection transmission to others. The Country was a significant predictor of confidence, complacency, having constraints, and calculation domains (P < 0.001). Having any idea about the mpox vaccine was linked to 1.6 times higher odds of being more confident [OR = 1.58 (95% CI, 1.26-1.98), P < 0.001] Additionally, living in a rural area significantly increased complacency [OR = 1.42 (95% CI, 1.05-1.95), P = 0.024] as well as having anyone die from mpox [OR = 3.3 (95% CI, 1.64-6.68), P < 0.001]. Education level was associated with increased calculation [OR = 2.74 (95% CI, 1.62-4.64), P < 0.001]. Moreover, being single and having no chronic diseases significantly increased the calculation domain [OR = 1.40 (95% CI, 1.06-1.98), P = 0.02] and [OR = 1.54 (95% CI, 1.10-2.16), P = 0.012] respectively. Predictors of collective responsibility were age 31-45 years [OR = 2.89 (95% CI, 1.29-6.48), P = 0.01], being single [OR = 2.76 (95% CI, 1.94 -3.92), P < 0.001], being a graduate [OR = 1.59 (95% CI (1.32-1.92), P < 0.001], having no chronic disease [OR = 2.14 (95% CI, 1.56-2.93), P < 0.001], and not knowing anyone who died from mpox [OR = 2.54 (95% CI, 1.39-4.64), P < 0.001), as well as living in a middle-income country [OR = 0.623, (95% CI, 0.51-0.73), P < 0.001].CONCLUSIONS: This study underscores the multifaceted nature of psychological antecedents of vaccination, emphasizing the impact of socio-demographic factors, geographic location, and awareness, as well as previous experiences on individual attitudes and collective responsibility towards vaccination.",
+        "output": "Cross-Country Discrepancies in Monkeypox Vaccine Hesitancy Among Postgraduate and Undergraduate Medical Students.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Leadership models that uphold feminist qualities of mutuality, collaboration, and distribution of power can foster organizational and community success. Utilizing a systems perspective grounded in land-based analogies can assist with understanding the diversity and strength that come from entire ecosystems around wicked social issues. While Indigenous leadership models have supported such perspectives since time immemorial, current and ongoing acts of colonialism driven by patriarchal systems and violent gender-based policies and procedures have eroded matriarchal leadership models that sustained what is now known as Canada for generations. Reflections of two evolving Indigenous women in leadership note the opportunities to reawaken matriarchal values in organizational and community leadership as a powerful act of reconciliation.",
-        "output": "Reawakening of Indigenous matriarchal systems: A feminist approach to organizational leadership.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Animal remains are a common find in prehistoric and protohistoric funerary contexts. While taphonomic and osteological data provide insights about the proximate (depositional) factors responsible for these findings, the ultimate cultural causes leading to this observed mortuary behavior are obscured by the opacity of the archaeological record and the lack of written sources. Here, we apply an interdisciplinary suite of analytical approaches (zooarchaeological, anthropological, archaeological, paleogenetic, and isotopic) to explore the funerary deposition of animal remains and the nature of joint human-animal burials at Seminario Vescovile (Verona, Northern Italy 3(rd)-1(st) c. BCE). This context, culturally attributed to the Cenomane culture, features 161 inhumations, of which only 16 included animal remains in the form of full skeletons, isolated skeletal parts, or food offerings. Of these, four are of particular interest as they contain either horses (Equus caballus) or dogs (Canis lupus familiaris)-animals that did not play a dietary role. Analyses show no demographic, dietary, funerary similarities, or genetic relatedness between individuals buried with animals. Isotopic data from two analyzed dogs suggest differing management strategies for these animals, possibly linked to economic and/or ritual factors. Overall, our results point to the unsuitability of simple, straightforward explanations for the observed funerary variability. At the same time, they connect the evidence from Seminario Vescovile with documented Transalpine cultural traditions possibly influenced by local and Roman customs.",
+        "output": "Until death do us part. A multidisciplinary study on human- Animal co- burials from the Late Iron Age necropolis of Seminario Vescovile in Verona (Northern Italy, 3rd-1st c. BCE)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: Effective teaching methods are needed to improve students' abilities in hand-eye coordination and understanding of cardiac anatomy in echocardiography education. Simulation devices have emerged as innovative teaching tools and exhibited distinctive advantages due to their ability to provide vivid and visual learning experiences. This study aimed to investigate the effect of simulation of sectional human anatomy using ultrasound on students' learning outcomes and satisfaction in echocardiography education.METHODS: The study included 18 first-year clinical medical students with no prior echocardiography training. After randomization, they underwent a pre-test to assess basic knowledge. Following this, the students were divided into two groups: traditional teaching (traditional group) and simulation of sectional human anatomy using ultrasound (digital group). Each group received 60min of instruction. Post-tests were assigned to students at two different time points: immediately after the lecture, and one week later (referred to as post-tests 1, and 2). In addition, anonymous questionnaires were distributed to students after class to investigate their satisfaction with teaching.RESULTS: Both groups showed significant improvement in their scores on post-test 1 compared to pre-test (traditional group: from 33.1\u00b18.8 to 48.1\u00b113.1, P=0.034 vs. digital group: from 35.0\u00b16.7 to 58.0\u00b113.2, P=0.008). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in several post-test comparisons. Student satisfaction ratings revealed that the digital group experienced significantly greater satisfaction in areas such as subject interest, teaching style, course alignment, and interaction compared to the traditional group. Additionally, 80% of the digital group strongly endorsed the use of simulation of sectional human anatomy using ultrasound for echocardiography teaching, highlighting its effectiveness.CONCLUSIONS: Simulation of sectional human anatomy using ultrasound may improve students' understanding of echocardiography and satisfaction with the course. Our study provides evidence supporting the use of simulation teaching devices in medical education. Further research is needed to explore the long-term impact of this teaching method on students' learning outcomes and its integration into the medical curriculum.TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.chictr.org.cn (registration number: ChiCTR2300074015, 27/07/2023).",
-        "output": "The effect of simulation of sectional human anatomy using ultrasound on students' learning outcomes and satisfaction in echocardiography education: a pilot randomized controlled trial.",
+        "input": "Abstract: This study focuses on the traditional weaving technique, which has its origins in Anatolia. It is aimed to uncover the plain, twill, and satin weaving techniques within the context of computational design approaches. The objectives of this study are to analyse and decipher the weaving patterns through a computational model. The core idea of this study consists of five steps that represent a cycle of the weaving from traditional processes to digital and digital fabrication. Eight parameters are defined to integrate the weaving technique into the computational model. A computational weaving model was developed which transforms the two-dimensional pattern into a three-dimensional model. Describing weaving patterns using parameters is crucial in today's world for cultural transfer of traditional weaving. Thus, weaving techniques can be used for designing architectural elements, such as shells, panels, structural elements.",
+        "output": "Analysis of Anatolian Traditional Weaving Technique in the Context of Computational Design",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Five clay poultices used in built heritage, stone, and wall painting conservation were examined for their potential to extract impurities from medieval lime-rich wall painting plaster. Since the most efficient extraction is achieved by capillary advection, this evaluation compared the pore size distribution of the clay poultices with that of medieval plaster. The pore size distribution was measured using the pressure plate method, a method with a long history of use in soil and building science. The present study demonstrates for the first time a successful application of this method in the evaluation of clay poultices for conservation. In addition, the retentive capacities of the five poultices were examined by measuring lateral migration and penetration depths as a function of time, using customised plaster samples and a blue dye to facilitate migration measurements. Of the five poultices, bentonite showed the least promising pore size range and was estimated to have little or no effect as a drying poultice for medieval wall painting plaster. The remaining four poultices showed promising results, although with various shortcomings that might influence the results of the intervention, as the best fit is dependent on the aim of the poulticing. For a cleaning poultice, where dirt is to be extracted solely from the surface of the plaster, attapulgite and PANGEL (R) S1500 seemed to be best suited due to their high retention. The pore size distribution and migration pattern of PANGEL (R) S9 and sepiolite indicated that they could be suitable as poultices for desalination.",
-        "output": "The Potential of Clay Poultices as Sorbents for Medieval Plaster: A Comparative Study Using the Pressure Plate Method and Dye",
+        "input": "Abstract: Structuralism in philosophy of mathematics has largely focused on arithmetic, algebra, and basic analysis. Some have doubted whether distinctively structural working methods have any impact in other fields such as differential equations. We show narrowly construed structuralism as offered by Benacerraf has no practical role in differential equations. But Dedekind's approach to the continuum already did not fit that narrow sense, and little of mathematics today does. We draw on one calculus textbook, one celebrated analysis textbook, and a monograph on the Navier-Stokes equation to show structural methods like Dedekind's have long been central to differential equations, and have philosophically respectable ontology and epistemology.",
+        "output": "Structuralism in differential equations",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: The challenge of aligning with the net-zero ambitions of the European Union necessitates a critical examination of the road freight transport sector, a pivotal contributor to global commerce and greenhouse gas emissions. Despite the sector's potential for electrification to mitigate emissions, the prevailing 'predict and provide' planning approach may inadvertently reduce this low-carbon transition to mere technological substitution, neglecting deeper intrinsic transport issues. This perspective critiques the 'predict and provide' approach and advocates for the adoption of 'sufficiency-oriented planning'. It presents a comprehensive, interconnected approach, challenging not only the technology in use but also the foundational principles of transport demand. Furthermore, it explores the broader implications of this multi-system transition for the energy sector. The perspective consequently underscores the necessity of a paradigm shift in planning for road freight transport electrification for the sector to genuinely contribute to sustainability objectives and not risk diminishing the transformative potential of this transition.",
-        "output": "Beyond predict and provide: Embracing sufficiency synergies in road freight electrification across the European Union",
+        "input": "Abstract: A novel workflow is proposed to combine the use of two powerful techniques in the study of ancient manuscripts: multispectral imaging and optical microprofilometry. Multispectral imaging is routinely used and allows to examine each individual folium as a superposition of layers that give different responses in the UV-Vis-NIR bands. It enables the analysis of the conservation state of an object, the mapping of previous restorations or the detection of writings no longer visible. The downside of this technique is the lack of quantitative data on surface morphology. On the other hand, surface microprofilometry on book heritage is unexplored. The optical scanning microprofilometer used in this work employs single-point, interferometric depth-sensors that enable to measure the surface topography of the manuscript (deformation and roughness) in full-field (areas of tens of centimeters) at micrometer scale. The crucial task of spatial referencing the surface topography at micrometer scale to the visible features (e.g., written text) is performed with a novel procedure that solves the problem of the lack of reference points in the microprofilometer height data. We exploit the raw intensity signal collected by the laser depth sensor to fuse the interferometric measurements with the multispectral image stack. The full-field integration of quantitative microsurface measurements and in-band imaging responses enables a more comprehensive exploration of ancient manuscripts, by integrating materials-surface analysis, advancing the diagnostic protocol.(c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )",
+        "output": "Integrated microprofilometry and multispectral imaging for full-field analysis of ancient manuscripts",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: A renowned group of pediatricians and an attorney with expertise in child abuse matters proposed a medical definition of intrafamilial child torture perpetrated by a caretaker in a landmark 2014 publication in the health sciences literature. Representing one of the most widely cited publications on non-politically motivated child torture to date, this medical definition encompassing physical abuse, psychological abuse, deprivation, and neglect characterizing child torture has been broadly recognized and accepted by multidisciplinary professionals across medical, child welfare, and criminal justice sectors. While the medical community's efforts aimed to compel legislative changes, including adoption of explicit torture-specific statutes that would enable criminal justice system responses reflective of abuse severity, subsequent legal analyses have revealed tremendous variability in criminal investigations, prosecution, sentencing, and case outcomes. In this discussion piece, medico-legal issues relevant to intrafamilial child torture case prosecution are reviewed. The impact of the established medical definition on jurisdictional legal approaches and unique case challenges related to longitudinal nature of abuse, frequent psychological injury, and victim-perpetrator dynamics are explored in depth. Utilizing available legal research platforms, investigative information, health sciences literature, and prosecutor self-report, existing child torture statutes and case outcomes were compared with focus on perpetrator, victim, socio-environmental, and community influence on legal outcome. Prosecutorial challenges facing jurisdictions lacking child torture statutes are discussed with emphasis placed on the critical role played by the medical community to support diagnosis of physical and emotional impacts to the child. Finally, the process by which states can establish a jurisdictional torture statute are suggested.",
-        "output": "Child torture victimization: Review of criminal statutes and medico-legal issues.",
+        "input": "Abstract: ObjectiveThere is beauty in cytopathology. That beauty and art can be transmitted and shared through fun images on social media.MethodsAs social media becomes more popular, pathologists and related professionals have started to share the images that they capture at work on their profiles, tagging them with the hashtag #Pathart. #Pathart hashtag unites two concepts innately related: Pathology and art.ResultsWhen groups of pathologists share concurring ideas, the result is an explosion of creativity that spreads even to new professionals and students. In addition, it attracts the attention of people, dedicated to other subjects such as journalism, who, with their interactions, give visibility to our field. This helps counteract the stereotypes and gives people a better understanding of what we do and why it is important. Therefore, the more pathologists and related professionals meet and interact with each other, the better.Conclusions#Pathart images raise great interest among professionals, which contributes to the creation of a united and strong community of pathologists some of whom are dedicated to cytology. Interaction and professional collaboration between these professionals can positively contribute to disseminating scientific content and creating work/research groups. This might have an impact, both direct and indirect, on improving the quality of diagnoses and treatments in our patients.There is beauty in Cytopathology. That beauty and art can be transmitted and shared through fun images on social media, creating a union between a community of professionals who share creative personality traits and a unique sense of humour.image",
+        "output": "#Pathart and cytopathology: Beauty must be shared",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Extremism and terrorism are thought to go hand in hand in civil wars. Yet do they? Are rebel groups with more extreme goals more likely than moderate ones to use terrorism, as commonly assumed? Arguments linking extremism to terrorism are often circular: groups are tagged as extremist because they do extreme things. Our article addresses this problem by articulating a novel conceptualization of extremism as the distance of group goals from the status quo. Understanding the relationship between what groups want and how they try to achieve it has obvious theoretical and policy implications. We theorize mechanisms that might connect extremist goals to terrorism and use new data on rebel group aims in civil wars from 1970 to 2013 to examine the empirical relationship between extremism and terrorism in a nontautological way. The results show that some extremist goals are associated with terrorism but not others. Groups with goals that involve changing the political ideology of the state or transforming political power across identity groups are more likely to use terrorism or to use more of it. Secessionist groups, however, are no more likely to produce terrorism than are those with less extreme territorial aims such as autonomy.",
-        "output": "Extremism and Terrorism: Rebel Goals and Tactics in Civil Wars",
+        "input": "Abstract: This article tunes in to the British Broadcasting Corporation's (BBC) heart-warming radio program, The Listening Project (TLP), aired from 2012 until 2022. Comparing TLP to its source model from the US, StoryCorps, to previous British public access broadcasting initiatives (such as Open Door and Video Nation), as well as to social media, I highlight the interests at stake in the BBC's presentation of listening in the service of imagined national community, an idea echoed by the British Library's Oral History department where the TLP interviews are archived. I posit that TLP's homely chats between family, friends, or caring strangers-about everything from bath times to Brexit-reflect a feminist and forgiving public, nurtured by the BBC civic ideals. This can be enjoyed and valued as a counterweight to social media riven with postdemocratic, divisive nationalism. After introducing the scope and scale of the project, I explore criticisms of TLP as cozy confessions for comfortable BBC audiences. I go on to weigh them against the BBC's in-house oral history, which reveals the broadcaster's people and policies, including its struggles to be as well as shape a national community that is multicultural, diverse, and inclusive. I argue that the BBC's decision through a partnership with the University of Sussex to open the archive as a public catalog and online guided exhibit in Voices of the BBC is a listening project in its own way. These very different forms of interviews confirm, however, the serious civic ambitions behind TLP. The conversations testify to everyday resilience in the face of a troubled and unequal modern Britain, but the project's closure reflects how difficult it is for the BBC to fulfill its mission, values, and public purposes in fractured times.",
+        "output": "Listening Projects: The BBC, Oral History, and the Nation in Fractured Times",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Blair articulates a concept of argument that suggests, as he puts it, that argument is a normative concept (Blair, Informal Logic 24:137-151, 2004, p. 190). Put roughly, the idea is that a collection of propositions doesn't constitute an argument unless some taken together constitute a reason for the remaining proposition and thereby support it enough to provide at least prima facie justification for it (Blair, in: Blair, Johnson, Hansen, Tindale (eds) Informal Logic at 25, Proceedings of the 25th anniversary conference, Ontario Society for the Study of Argumentation, 2003, p.173). My primary task in this paper is to advance an understanding of the illative unit of argument and the reasons associated with it that provides an intuition pump for a normative concept of argument. My aim is to advance a positive consideration in favor of a normative concept of argument that motivates its further development. I take the normative concept of argument I defend here to be in the same ballpark as the one Blair characterizes.",
-        "output": "In Defense of a Normative Concept of Argument",
+        "input": "Abstract: Predicting the chances of various types of cancers for different organs in the human body is a typical decisionmaking process in medicine and health. The signaling pathways have played a vital role in increasing or decreasing the possibility of the deadliest disease, cancer. To combine the pathways concept and ambiguity in the prediction techniques of such diseases, we have used the proposed research on fuzzy graphoidal covers of fuzzy graphs in this paper. Determining a path with uncertainty and shortest length is a challenging topic of graph theory, and a collection of such shortest paths maintaining specific conditions is defined as a fuzzy graphoidal cover for a fuzzy graph. Also, we have defined fuzzy graphoidal covering number as a new parameter, reflecting the measure of coverage by fuzzy graphoidal covering set in a system. Afterwards, some important characterizations of the fuzzy graphoidal covering number are established with justified proof. Also, specific limit values of this number are provided for particular cases. Then, we developed an efficient algorithm for finding the defined covering set with its space and time complexity. The findings of this proposed study have been composed with an artificial neural network to model a strong tool for resolving an essential issue of medical sciences, the prediction of cancer type in the human body. We have analyzed two types of neural networks such as one one-dimensional and two-dimensional specification, for clarity of the obtained results. Also, we have found out the most possible cancer type is breast cancer from the data of our considered case study as a concluding statement for any decision-maker in the field of health sciences. Finally, sensitivity analysis and comparative study have been done to show the stability of our proposed work.",
+        "output": "Prediction on nature of cancer by fuzzy graphoidal covering number using artificial neural network",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: Mothers of advanced age, defined as pregnant women aged\u226535years at the time of giving birth, are traditionally known to be associated with increased risks of adverse maternal outcomes. We determined the prevalence of adverse maternal outcomes and associated factors among mothers of advanced age who delivered at Kabale Regional Referral Hospital (KRRH), in Southwestern Uganda.METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Maternity Ward of KRRH from April to September 2023. We consecutively enrolled pregnant women aged\u226535years during their immediate post-delivery period and before discharge. We obtained data on their socio-demographic, obstetric, medical characteristics and their maternal outcomes using interviewer-administered questionnaires. We defined adverse maternal outcome as any complication sustained by the mother that was related to pregnancy, delivery and immediate post-partum events (obstructed labour, antepartum haemorrhage, mode of delivery [cesarean or vacuum extraction], postpartum haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm or postdate pregnancy, anemia, premature rupture of membranes, multiple pregnancy, and maternal death). A participant was considered to have an adverse outcome if they experienced any one of these complications. We identified factors associated with adverse outcomes using modified Poisson regression.RESULTS: Out of 417 participants, most were aged 35-37years (n=206; 49.4%), and had parity\u22655 (65.5%). The prevalence of adverse maternal outcomes was 37.6% (n=157, 95%CI: 33.1-42.4%). Common adverse maternal outcomes included caesarian delivery (23%), and obstructed labour (14.4%). Other complications included anemia in pregnancy (4.5%), chorioamnionitis (4.1%), preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (3.9%), and chronic hypertension and preeclampsia (both 2.4%). Factors associated with adverse maternal outcomes were precipitate labour (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]=1.95, 95%CI: 1.44-2.65), prolonged labour, lasting>12h (aPR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.48-3.16), and chronic hypertension (aPR=2.01, 95%CI: 1.34-3.9).CONCLUSION: Approximately two-fifth of the advanced-aged mothers surveyed had adverse outcomes. Mothers with prolonged labour, precipitate labour and chronic hypertension were more likely to experience adverse outcomes. We recommend implementation of targeted interventions, emphasizing proper management of labor as well as close monitoring of hypertensive mothers, and those with precipitate or prolonged labor, to mitigate risks of adverse outcomes within this study population.",
-        "output": "Adverse maternal outcomes and associated factors among mothers of advanced age delivering at a tertiary hospital, southwestern Uganda: a cross-sectional study.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Background Historically in Australia, all levels of government created collective wealth by owning and operating infrastructure, and managing natural assets, key public goods and essential services while being answerable to the public. This strong state tradition was challenged in the 1980s when privatisation became a widespread government approach globally. Privatisation involves displacing the public sector through modes of financing, ownership, management and product or service delivery. The Australian literature shows that negative effects from privatisation are not spread equitably, and the health and equity impacts appear to be under-researched. This narrative overview aims to address a gap in the literature by answering research questions on what evidence exists for positive and negative outcomes of privatisation; how well societal impacts are evaluated, and the implications for health and equity.Methods Database and grey literature were searched by keywords, with inclusion criteria of items limited to Australia, published between 1990 and 2022, relating to any industry or government sector, including an evaluative aspect, or identifying positive or negative aspects from privatisation, contracting out, or outsourcing. Thematic analysis was aided by NVivo qualitative data software and guided by an a-priori coding frame.Results No items explicitly reflected on the relationship between privatisation and health. Main themes identified were the public cost of privatisation, loss of government control and expertise, lack of accountability and transparency, constraints to accessing social determinants of health, and benefits accruing to the private sector.Discussion Our results supported the view that privatisation is more than asset-stripping the public sector. It is a comprehensive strategy for restructuring public services in the interests of capital, with privatisation therefore both a political and commercial determinant of health. There is growing discussion on the need for re-nationalisation of certain public assets, including by the Victorian government.Conclusion Privatisation of public services is likely to have had an adverse impact on population health and contributed to the increase in inequities. This review suggests that there is little evidence for the benefits of privatisation, with a need for greater attention to political and commercial determinants of health in policy formation and in research.",
+        "output": "Privatisation of government services in Australia: what is known about health and equity impacts",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: As climate change and geopolitical conflicts intensify, understanding how geopolitical risks affect companies prioritizing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices is crucial. This study investigates the dynamic relationship between global geopolitical risks and the performance of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) and non-ESG companies, particularly their influence on green markets. Utilizing a robust methodological framework, including the dynamic time-varying parameters vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) model, and causal impact modeling, we analyze daily financial data from 2021 to 2024. The results reveal a substantial negative impact of geopolitical risks on non-ESG companies, contrasting with the resilience of ESG-committed counterparts. This suggests that ESG-committed companies demonstrate better resilience against geopolitical risks, emphasizing the protective role of ESG practices amid uncertainties. Additionally, the inclusion of ESG companies in green markets diminishes the severity of the negative impact of geopolitical risks, underlining the transformative role of ESG commitment in shaping investor behavior towards sustainable investments. Our findings offer insights for policymakers and investors navigating geopolitical risks and ESG performance, with a focus on environmental management, and provide guidance for effective risk mitigation and investment policies to enhance environmental sustainability.",
-        "output": "ESG practices mitigating geopolitical risks: Implications for sustainable environmental management.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Long-term monitoring and recognition of underwater organism objects are of great significance in marine ecology, fisheries science and many other disciplines. Traditional techniques in this field, including manual fishing-based ones and sonar-based ones, are usually flawed. Specifically, the method based on manual fishing is time-consuming and unsuitable for scientific researches, while the sonar-based one, has the defects of low acoustic image accuracy and large echo errors. In recent years, the rapid development of deep learning and its excellent performance in computer vision tasks make vision-based solutions feasible. However, the researches in this area are still relatively insufficient in mainly two aspects. First, to our knowledge, there is still a lack of large-scale datasets of underwater organism images with accurate annotations. Second, in consideration of the limitation on hardware resources of underwater devices, an underwater organism detection algorithm that is both accurate and lightweight enough to be able to infer in real time is still lacking. As an attempt to fill in the aforementioned research gaps to some extent, we established the Multiple Kinds of Underwater Organisms (MKUO) dataset with accurate bounding box annotations of taxonomic information, which consists of 10,043 annotated images, covering eighty-four underwater organism categories. Based on our benchmark dataset, we evaluated a series of existing object detection algorithms to obtain their accuracy and complexity indicators as the baseline for future reference. In addition, we also propose a novel lightweight module, namely Sparse Ghost Module, designed especially for object detection networks. By substituting the standard convolution with our proposed one, the network complexity can be significantly reduced and the inference speed can be greatly improved without obvious detection accuracy loss. To make our results reproducible, the dataset and the source code are available online at https://cslinzhang.github.io/MKUO-and-Sparse-Ghost-Module/.",
+        "output": "An Underwater Organism Image Dataset and a Lightweight Module Designed for Object Detection Networks",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: The public will rightly not value a science that is more concerned with demographic population matching than with ideas. Taking further steps in the direction of identity politics will reduce public confidence in psychology's conclusions and reduce trust and respect. If psychology embraces demographic quotas, there will be self-selection out of the discipline, and that self-selection will harm our science.",
-        "output": "Toward a Psychology of Ideas Rather Than Demographics: Commentary on Hommel (2024)",
+        "input": "Abstract: Work on the electoral effects of gun violence in the U.S. relying on difference-in-differences designs has produced findings ranging from null to substantively large effects. However, as difference-in-difference designs, on which this research relies, have exploded in popularity, scholars have documented several methodological issues including potential violations of parallel-trends and unaccounted for treatment effect heterogeneity. These pitfalls (and their solutions) have not been fully explored in political science. We apply these advancements to the unresolved debate on gun violence's effects on U.S. electoral outcomes. We show that studies finding a large positive effect of gun violence on Democratic vote shares are a product of a failure to properly specify difference-in-differences models when underlying assumptions are unlikely to hold. Once these biases are corrected, shootings show little evidence of sparking large electoral change. Our work clarifies an unresolved debate and provides a cautionary guide for scholars currently employing difference-in-differences designs.",
+        "output": "Navigating Potential Pitfalls in Difference-in-Differences Designs: Reconciling Conflicting Findings on Mass Shootings' Effect on Electoral Outcomes",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Purpose Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is an intense form of treatment, resulting in major symptom burden but can prove curative. The quality of life (QOL) is a major endpoint for these patients as the survival rate in them has improved over time. The aim of the study is to assess the QOL and symptom burden of hematological malignancy patients at admission to hospital for HSCT, at 1 month and at 3 months following HSCT.Methods This prospective observational study was done on hematological malignancy patients who were admitted for HSCT in a regional cancer center. The study subjects were assessed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplant Scale (FACT-BMT Scale), Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale-revised (r-ESAS), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) at the time of hospital admission for transplantation, on day 30 (similar to 1 month) and day100 (similar to 3 months) of transplantation.Results A total of 68 patients were included in this study. FACT-BMT scores have decreased from baseline (F0) to the first follow-up (F1) and then increased in the third follow-up (F2). The maximum r-ESAS mean score was for tiredness among all other symptoms at F0 as well as at F1 and at F2. The DASS 21 scores for depression, anxiety, and stress were maximum during F1 and minimum during F2.Conclusion Symptom burden is maximum during the first month of BMT, which improves later and QOL becomes improved with time.",
-        "output": "Quality of life and symptom burden in hematological cancer patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: an observational study at Regional Cancer Centre, India",
+        "input": "Abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: About one in four children in China is a migrant child. This population has a higher risk of experiencing loneliness. However, existing studies present conflicting findings regarding the levels of loneliness among migrant children as compared to local urban children in urban China. This review performs a meta-analysis of studies comparing loneliness levels between these two groups.RECENT FINDINGS: A literature search of major Chinese- and English-language databases revealed 27 eligible comparative studies. These studies reported the means and standardized deviations of loneliness scores for both migrant and nonmigrant children in urban China. Meta-analysis results showed that migrant children experienced significantly higher levels of loneliness than their urban nonmigrant counterparts [standardized mean difference (SMD)\u200a=\u200a0.21, P \u200a<\u200a0.001]. Subgroup analysis revealed that studies enrolling migrant children from migrant children's schools had significantly higher pooled SMDs than those enrolling children from public schools (0.346 vs. 0.120, P \u200a=\u200a0.047).SUMMARY: Migrant children in urban China experience higher levels of loneliness compared to their local urban peers. Efforts to create a socially inclusive, migrant-friendly environment and reduce social isolation among migrant children are crucial to help alleviate their feelings of loneliness.",
+        "output": "Elevated levels of loneliness in migrant children compared to nonmigrant children in urban China: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Law enforcement has used video recording devices (e.g. dash camera, body-worn camera) for more than 40 years, with body-worn cameras emerging in 2005 as a policing tool. However, little is known regarding how video evidence is leveraged in case decision-making and outcomes for domestic violence. Law enforcement may use cameras to enhance evidence collection in domestic violence cases, take statements from victims, witnesses, and offenders, record injuries and damages, and document the administration of risk/injury assessments. Preliminary research has indicated video evidence may have strong evidentiary value in domestic violence cases, however, has rarely controlled for other contributing factors. This study furthers our knowledge by examining how video evidence taken by law enforcement impacts case outcomes and length of time to disposition in a sample of closed, misdemeanour domestic violence cases within a large county in a southwestern state. A random sample of cases (n = 612) with and without video evidence were examined for differences in case disposition and case length. Additional evidentiary factors and case characteristics are considered such as prior criminal charges, victim-offender relationship, presence of non-video evidence, presence of witnesses, and gender of offender. Analyses indicate significant differences, such that cases with video evidence are associated with increased guilty pleas, increased convictions, and less time to closure/final case disposition. Findings have implications for the use of video evidence in strengthening the criminal justice response to domestic violence incidents in combination with other case factors.",
-        "output": "Leveraging video evidence in domestic violence misdemeanour cases: Examination of case dispositions and case length",
+        "input": "Abstract: In this work, the optical properties of atacamite, antlerite and azurite are characterized for the first time by exploiting a high-resolution coherent THz-CW spectrometer in the spectral range 0.1-2.8 THz adopting transmission configuration; the spectral response of atacamite and antlerite is reported for the first time in literature in this frequency range. The absorption spectra of the two copper-based pigments showed the presence of distinct absorption peaks defining their fingerprints. In particular, atacamite presents a peak centered at 2.45 THz and antlerite presents two spectral fingerprints centered at 1.77 and 2.52 THz; the retrieved average refractive index is 1.19 and 1.29, respectively. The absorption spectrum of azurite is in good agreement with previous works in the far infrared region and presents two sharp peaks centered at 1.83 and 2.23 THz with an average value of the refractive index of 1.65. Furthermore, by means of the same technique, it is possible to discriminate and quantify pure components in binary mixtures. This result is of great interest for the identification of pigments and metallic corrosion products, and it demonstrates that THz-CW spectroscopy can open the way to an innovative approach for the Cultural Heritage field. (c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR).",
+        "output": "Pigments, minerals, and copper-corrosion products: Terahertz continuous wave (THz-CW) spectroscopic characterization of antlerite and atacamite",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Until the 17th century, the Dutch coastal region of Zeeland ranked among Europe's most urbanized areas, driven by thriving international trade networks. People living in this time of flourishing economy benefitted enormously from it in terms of employment opportunities and working conditions, which were reportedly better than in the rest of the Low Countries. However, the rapid growth of Zeeland's urban centers likely presented increasing challenges for the population in terms of accessing essential resources, including food, clean water, and housing. In the 19th century, Zeeland's economy ultimately faced a significant downturn due to the decline in the maritime trade, leading to a substantial reduction in its urban population. Examining patterns of urbanization and economic histories that differ from the commonly studied thriving industrial contexts in bioarcheological research, as exemplified by Zeeland, is a crucial yet relatively underexplored facet in our efforts to understanding the human past. To address this gap, this study investigates the impact of urbanization on the health of Zeeland's inhabitants over time by analyzing nonspecific stress markers (i.e., cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, and linear enamel hypoplasia) and chronic maxillary sinusitis in a sample of 246 individuals from three urban sites dating from 1030 to 1800 CE. Our analysis of skeletal remains reveals significant differences in the prevalence of porotic hyperostosis, linear enamel hypoplasia, and sinusitis between the medieval and post-medieval periods. These findings suggest that de-urbanization and economic decline adversely affected the health and well-being of the populations under study, influenced by factors such as working conditions and food availability. This study provides a new perspective on bioarcheological approaches to urbanization, shedding light on the intricate realities of urbanization in Zeeland and offering important insights into its complexities.",
-        "output": "The urban sea: Cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, linear enamel hypoplasia, and sinusitis in three diachronic urban sites from the Dutch province of Zeeland (1030-1800 CE)",
+        "input": "Abstract: There are many warnings about growing political cynicism in the news and political science literature. While some people may be truly cynical about politics, for others cynical responses to politics may be a form of impression management-the practice of presenting oneself to others in the way one wishes to be perceived. In three studies, I demonstrate that people report they are cynical in order to avoid giving the impression they do not know much about politics. Political cynicism is not a socially desirable characteristic-people do not believe cynicism is normatively good. At the same time, many see value to cynicism in politics, a finding which carries broad implications for the relationship between cynicism and perceived knowledge in political discourse.",
+        "output": "Impression Management and Expectations of Political Cynicism",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients show age-related decreases in the ability to perform activities of daily living and the decline in these activities is related to the severity of neurobiological deterioration underlying the disease. The 5xFAD mouse model of AD shows age-related impairments in sensory- motor and cognitive function, but little is known about changes in species-typical behaviours that may model activities of daily living in AD patients. Therefore, we examined species-typical behaviours used as indices of exploration (rearing) and compulsivity (grooming) across six tests of anxiety-like behaviour or motor function in female 5xFAD mice from 3 to 16 months of age. Robust decreases in rearing were found in 5xFAD mice across all tests after 9 months of age, although few differences were observed in grooming. A fine-scale analysis of grooming, however, revealed a previously unresolved and spatially restricted pattern of grooming in 5xFAD mice at 13-16 months of age. We then examined changes in species-typical behaviours in the home-cage, and show impaired nest building in 5xFAD mice at all ages tested. Lastly, we examined the relationship between reduced species typical behaviours in 5xFAD mice and the presentation of freezing behaviour, a commonly used measure of memory for conditioned fear. These results showed that along with cognitive and sensory-motor behaviour, 5xFAD mice have robust age-related impairments in species-typical behaviours. Therefore, species typical behaviours in 5xFAD mice may help to model the decline in activities of daily living observed in AD patients, and may provide useful behavioural phenotypes for evaluating the pre-clinical efficacy of novel therapeutics for AD.",
-        "output": "Age-related changes in species-typical behaviours in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease from 4 to 16 months of age.",
+        "input": "Abstract: The pace of technological development is exceeding expectations and transforming the landscape of last-mile delivery. This study investigates how users' post-adoption behavior in using delivery robots is formed. Based on the task-technology fit (TTF) model, we present a research model that includes both direct and indirect factors that have been previously overlooked in the literature. We collected data from 550 users of delivery robots. Our structural equation modelling results show that two hedonic- (i.e., gratification and anthropomorphism) and three utilitarian- (i.e., service quality experience, delivery task requirements, and user-facing technology performance) driven factors predict perceived TTF in using delivery robots. Value-in-use and trust have sequential mediating effects that connect perceived TTF and service reuse likelihood and word-of-mouth recommendation. Our findings suggest ways to improve last-mile delivery robot strategies and provide practical implications for the industry.",
+        "output": "Out of the way, human! Understanding post-adoption of last-mile delivery robots",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Nutritional status is one of the most important causes of improper physical and mental development in children. The study attempts to assess the factors affecting the severity status of children aged 6-59months' malnutrition based on the weight-for-age anthropometric index (z-score) and examine between-kebeles-level differences in determinants of the nutritional status of children. A community-based, cross-sectional study design was conducted from October 12 to November 12, 2022. A sample of 397 children aged 6-59months primary data by applying multi-stage clustered sampling technique was used by considering their heterogeneity. The data were entered by SPSS and analyzed by using R version 3.4.0 and STATA 14.2 statistical software package using a multilevel ordinal logistic regression model and inferences were conducted at a 5% significance level. The results show that birth interval\u226524months (OR=1.431253, 95% CI 1.221337 1.6763421, P-value=0.008), economic status of households medium (OR=16.21466, 95% CI 1.221403 1.423929, P-value=0.000), economic status of households rich (OR=223.2856, 95% CI 1.34295 2.582325, P-value=0.000), employment status of the mother unemployed (OR=0.2291348, 95% CI 0.0529511 0.9966281, P-value=0.049), No toilet facility (bush field) (OR=0.3163329, 95% CI 0.1825356 0.5481975, P-value=0.000), number of household members (OR=0.9100682, 95% CI 0.8313481 0.9967315, P-value=0.042), breastfeeding<12months (OR=0.53803, 95% CI 0.322315 0.898135, P-value=0.018), educational level of father Primary (OR=4.601687, 95% CI 1.758009 2.22053, P-value=0.000), educational level of father Secondary above (OR=99.65229, 95% CI 2.533502 4.788896, P-value=0.000) and geographical area (kebeles) were found to be important factors that affect a child's nutritional status between 6 and 59months. 15% of the overall variation is attributable to the Kebeles level, according to two-level multilevel ordinal logistic regressions with estimates of the variation attributable to the Kebeles level equal to 0.569 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.15. Due to the nature of the response variable random intercept model with random coefficients fitted the data adequately in predicting the severity status of children aged 6-59months' malnutrition for the multilevel ordinal logistic regression model analysis. So, the researcher recommended that implementing primary health care and nutrition programs that would fit each kebeles' features in Itang Special Woreda to safeguard children from nutritional deficiency.",
-        "output": "Determinants of nutritional status of children aged 6-59months in the case of Itang special woreda, Gambella, Ethiopia.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Visual querying of spatiotemporal data has become a dominant mode in the field of visual analytics. Previous studies have utilized well-designed data structures to speed up the querying of spatiotemporal data. However, reducing storage overhead while improving the querying efficiency of data distribution remains a significant challenge. We propose a flow-based neural representation method for efficient visual querying. First, we transform spatiotemporal data into density maps through kernel density estimation. Then, we leverage the data-driven modeling capabilities of a flow-based neural network to achieve a highly latent representation of the data. Various computations and queries can be performed on the latent representation to improve querying efficiency. Our experiments demonstrate that our approach achieves competitive results in visually querying spatiotemporal data in terms of storage overhead and real-time interaction efficiency.",
+        "output": "Interactive visual query of density maps on latent space via flow-based models",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: According to the German Physiotherapy Education and Qualification Regulations, teaching of anatomical structures is one of the fundamental subjects of physiotherapy education. Besides exhibits and models, anatomy atlases are usually used as teaching and learning tools. These are available in both analog form such as printed books or in digital form as a mobile application. Furthermore, the use of digital teaching and learning tools is steadily increasing within the education of health professionals.AIM: To assess the efficacy of a digital educational tool in contrast to an analog anatomical atlas in acquiring knowledge about anatomical structures.MATERIAL AND METHOD: The data collection took place in the context of an anatomy tutorial for students of the bachelor's degree program in physiotherapy. In a cross-over design, the students completed two learning assignments, each, with different learning materials provided, either with an anatomy app on a tablet or with an anatomy atlas as a book. The tests to assess the newly acquired knowledge immediately after the task, consisted of questions about the anatomical structures of the knee as well as the shoulder. In addition, the students' satisfaction with the learning materials provided was surveyed using a questionnaire. The survey assessed their satisfaction, their assessment of learning success, and their affinity to digital learning materials. This was done using a 5-point Likert scale and a free-text field. The data was analyzed descriptively, and group differences were calculated using a t-tests.RESULTS: Thirty students participated. The group comparison showed a significantly better outcome for the group that prepared with the analog anatomy atlas for the questions on the knee than the comparison group that used the anatomy app (t(28)=2.6; p=0.007). For the questions concerning the shoulder, there was no significant difference between the digital and analog groups (t(28)=1.14; p=0.26). The questionnaire revealed that satisfaction with the analog anatomy atlas was significantly higher than with the anatomy app. A total of 93.34% rated their experience with the analog learning tool at least somewhat satisfied. In contrast, 72.67% of students partially or fully agreed that they enjoyed learning with digital learning tools.DISCUSSION: Learning anatomical structures with the Human Anatomy Atlas 2023+app did not show a clear advantage when compared to an anatomy book in these two cohorts of physiotherapy students. The results of the questionnaire also showed greater satisfaction with the analog anatomy atlas than with the anatomy app, whereas most students stated that they frequently use digital learning tools, including some for anatomical structures. Satisfaction with the learning tool seems to play a central role in their effectiveness. In addition, sufficient time must be provided for users to familiarize themselves with the user interface of digital applications to use them effectively.REGISTRATION: Diese klinische Studie wurde nicht in einem Studienregister registriert.",
-        "output": "Effectiveness of digital and analog learning methods for learning anatomical structures in physiotherapy education.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Background: AI can positively influence teaching by offering support for classroom management, creating inclusive learning environments, enhancing digital skills, personalizing teaching methods, and strengthening teacher-student relationships.Objectives: This quantitative research study investigates the opportunities, difficulties, and consequences of incorporating AI into teacher education.Methods: Data were collected through structured questionnaires from 202 college students and 68 staff members. The analysis was conducted using SPSS software.Results: The study provides a novel contribution by its thorough investigation of the diverse effects of AI on teacher education. It offers beneficial perspectives on the possible benefits and challenges, illuminating the far-reaching changes that AI could bring to the terrain of learning and instruction and teaching methods in the time yet to come. The research sought to assess the effect of AI adoption in teacher education across five main dimensions: (i) its influence on teaching support and classroom management, (ii) its role in creating inclusive and accessible learning environments, (iii) its contribution to improving teachers' digital literacy and computer skills, and enhancing access to digital teaching resources, (iv) its positive influence on identifying students' learning styles and facilitating the adoption of diverse teaching methods, and (v) its role in strengthening teacher-student relationships through improved interactions.Conclusion: The findings elucidate the promising opportunities that AI presents in the field of teacher education, along with the obstacles that require resolution for the effective fusion of AI educational settings.",
+        "output": "AI in teacher education: Unlocking new dimensions in teaching support, inclusive learning, and digital literacy",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Rationale and Objectives: With the shifting needs of radiologists due to escalating healthcare demands, the impetus for an increased focus on wellness and the benefits of the humanities in medicine inspired a novel approach to curricular planning of the 2023 Association of University Radiologists (AUR) annual meeting. In this manuscript, we describe the creative process behind planning and executing this innovative meeting format. Materials and Methods: Reimagining the annual meeting was a collaborative effort centered around the development of an innovative Arts and Wellness Program, with the goal of integrating opportunities for artistic expression and experiential wellness throughout the meeting. Results: Of the 1313 meeting attendees, 423 (32.2%) completed the annual meeting evaluation, of which 244 were in -person and 61 attended virtually. 178 of 423 respondents (42.1%) participated in the arts and wellness programming. 160 of 203 respondents (78.9%) reported that the arts and wellness programming enhanced the overall meeting experience. 164 of 197 respondents (83.2%) gained greater appreciation for the talents of radiology colleagues. 97 of 195 respondents (49.7%) stated that the programming gave them ideas as to how to cope effectively with stress. Conclusion: The incorporation of art, music, and other wellness activities into a national radiology meeting was well -received by meeting attendees. For many radiologists who participated in the various musical and artistic offerings at the AUR 2023 meeting, sharing artistic talents with the radiology community and colleagues represented the most fundamental way to be fully seen, express authenticity, and connect with others. (c) 2023 The Association of University Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",
-        "output": "Creativity, Connection, and Community: Reimagining the Radiology Society Meeting",
+        "input": "Abstract: The existing literature has extensively examined the impact of green innovations, such as patents, on pollution and carbon emissions. However, there has been comparatively less emphasis on the debt financing of green innovation by using patents as collateral. This oversight may have implications for the realization of pollution and carbon emissions reduction goals. Using a natural experiment based on the patent pledge pilot policy in China, this study investigates the impact of patent pledge on pollution and carbon emissions. We find that a significant reduction in the emissions of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide attributable to the patent pledge pilot policy, particularly in cities with lower initial green patent rates, and these results still hold after an array of robustness checks. We show that the encouragement of green innovation and the stimulation of environmental entrepreneurship are the mechanisms underlying these emission reduction effects. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that the impact of patent pledges on emission reduction is more pronounced in cities characterized by higher levels of government-reported environmental concern, public engagement in environmentally related searches, pollution information transparency indices, and green development evaluation indices.",
+        "output": "Does patent pledge reduce pollution and carbon emissions? Evidence from China",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Spotlighting a 500 -year -old detail in Michelangelo's David, this paper delves into the intricate connection between technique and art in the medical field, especially in esthetic surgery. With rapid technological advancement, medical specialties are becoming increasingly segmented, leading to potential oversights in holistic human examination. Drawing from an- cient Greek concepts, Techne, Ars, and Episteme are explored as symbolic re- presentations of the convergence of skill and knowledge. Art, defined as a reflection of human creativity and emotion, was historically intertwined with science, as symbolized by the nine Muses. The Renaissance period, exemplified by works like David, underlines the profound relationship between art and anatomy. Dr. Gelfman's observations on the David sign serve as a testament to the continuous dance between medical science and artistic representation. This paper underscores the timeless value of a comprehensive approach in medical practice, urging professionals to amalgamate technical precision with an artistic understanding of the human form. Level of evidence: Level V, opinion expert. (c) 2024 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
-        "output": "Deciphering the David Sign: Intersections in esthetic surgery and renaissance sculpture",
+        "input": "Abstract: Thousands of soldiers swept onto the campus of the University of El Salvador with tanks and planes, ransacking buildings and arresting more than eight hundred students, professors, and staff. It was July 19, 1972, and the university had fallen into the hands of the Communist Party of El Salvador and a minuscule group of opportunists of the most disgraceful immorality, said the recently inaugurated president Army Colonel Arturo Armando Molina.(1) Troops handcuffed the rector, Fabio Castillo, and the dean of the medical school and sent them into exile in Nicaragua.(2) Early in the invasion, the troops sealed off and occupied the university's printing press, where workers produced a magazine of arts and politics called La Pajara Pinta that essayist Italo Lopez Vallecillos and novelist Manlio Argueta had founded in 1966, and of which Argueta was still the editor.(3) The campus occupation lasted two years and proved a milestone in El Salvador's long march to civil war. The closing of La Pajara Pinta that day silenced the most important forum for Salvadoran dissident writers and marked, for many of them, the end of their literary careers and the start of their lives as fugitives and, eventually, guerrillas.",
+        "output": "Poetry is Subversion: Writers and Revolution at La P\u00e1jara Pinta, El Salvador, 1966-1975",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Aflatoxins from the fungus Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) that contaminate stored peanuts is a major hazard to human health worldwide. Reducing A. flavus in soil can decrease the risk of aflatoxins in stored peanuts. In this experiment, we determined whether peanuts grown on soil fumigated with dazomet (DZ), metham sodium (MS), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), chloropicrin (PIC) or dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) would reduce of the quantity of A. flavus and its toxin's presence. The results of bioassays and field tests showed that PIC was the most effective fumigant for preventing and controlling A. flavus, followed by MS. PIC and MS applied to the soil for 14 d resulted in LD50 values against A. flavus of 3.558 and 4.893mgkg-1, respectively, leading to almost 100% and 98.82% effectiveness of A. flavus, respectively. Peanuts harvested from fumigated soil and then stored for 60 d resulted in undetectable levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) compared to unfumigated soil that contained 0.64ugkg-1 of AFB1, which suggested that soil fumigation can reduce the probability of aflatoxin contamination during peanut storage and showed the potential to increase the safety of peanuts consumed by humans. Further research is planned to determine the practical value of our research in commercial practice.",
-        "output": "The potential for reducing aflatoxin B1 contamination of stored peanuts by soil disinfection.",
+        "input": "Abstract: A pumice-maghemite (P-maghemite) composite was developed using the chemical coprecipitation method with a 20% iron loading ratio by weight. The characterization of the composite using SEM and XRD indicated the effective loading and dispersion of nanoparticles on the surface of the developed base materials. Thereafter, in situ sequestration experiments were conducted in the laboratory for an arsenic-polluted aquifer system using two well-integrated permeable reactive barrier (PRB) modules filled with the developed composite. A vertical fixed-bed column setup was used for the columnar PRB, whereas a sand tank experimental setup was employed for the well-screen-integrated PRB; both PRB systems were fed by a synthetic solution representing the arsenic-contaminated groundwater. More than 99% arsenic removal was observed in the columnar PRB, with an average effluent concentration of 4 mu g/L at the end of the experiment, which is well below the acceptable limit of drinking water for arsenic (<10 mu g/L). Removal of arsenic by the 4-cm-wide well-screen-integrated PRB from 652 mu g/L to less than 20 mu g/L shows a great potential of the developed composite for arsenic remediation at slower groundwater flow rates. A maximum arsenic removal of 99% was attained at the start of the experiment, which decreased to 97% after 1 month of PRB operation. The effluent concentration of all other major ions also was reduced considerably in the PRB modules. The hydraulic conductivity of the developed media was reduced by 35% in the columnar PRB and by approximately 20% in the well-screen-integrated PRB. The high arsenic removal efficiency in continuous flow-through remediation systems indicates the applicability of the developed PRB system in in situ remediation of arsenic-contaminated groundwater.",
+        "output": "In Situ Treatment of Arsenic-Contaminated Groundwater via Extraction Well-Integrated Permeable Reactive Barriers",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: The emergence of Homo sapiens in Eastern Asia is a topic of significant research interest. However, well-preserved human fossils in secure, dateable contexts in this region are extremely rare, and often the subject of intense debate owing to stratigraphic and geochronological problems. Tongtianyan cave, in Liujiang District of Liuzhou City, southern China is one of the most important fossils finds of H. sapiens, though its age has been debated, with chronometric dates ranging from the late Middle Pleistocene to the early Late Pleistocene. Here we provide new age estimates and revised provenience information for the Liujiang human fossils, which represent one of the most complete fossil skeletons of H. sapiens in China. U-series dating on the human fossils and radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating on the fossil-bearing sediments provided ages ranging from ~33,000 to 23,000 years ago (ka). The revised age estimates correspond with the dates of other human fossils in northern China, at Tianyuan Cave (~40.8-38.1 ka) and Zhoukoudian Upper Cave (39.0-36.3 ka), indicating the geographically widespread presence of H. sapiens across Eastern Asia in the Late Pleistocene, which is significant for better understanding human dispersals and adaptations in the region.",
-        "output": "New Late Pleistocene age for the Homo sapiens skeleton from Liujiang southern China.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Economic suffering prompted by the Covid-19 pandemic, coming on the heels of earlier 2008 global-financial and 2015 migration crises, revived debate on citizen support for European fiscal integration policies. Such support can be expected to reflect not only individual-level characteristics but also the extent of crisis exposure in subnational regional contexts where individuals live and work. Unfortunately, existing studies of public support have said little about such regional contexts. This study hence explores how regional-level experience with 'polycrisis' affects support for EU fiscal capacities, combining regional-level crisis measures with a 2020 survey experiment on European citizens' preferences towards fiscal capacity instruments in 5 European countries (DE, ES, FR, IT, NL). This allows tests of whether individual support for various European fiscal capacities reflect regional differences in covid suffering, growth losses after the 2008 global financial crisis, and migration spikes from the 2015 migration crisis. We expect and find that citizens in regions more heavily impacted by the pandemic, financial crisis, and (albeit less so) migration crisis - measured separately and as a composite - tend to more readily support European fiscal integration capacity that is redistributive between countries, financed through progressive taxation, refrains from budgetary conditionality, and is lenient towards reform non-compliance.",
+        "output": "Regional crises and European fiscal preferences: how regional Covid-19, economic downturn, and migration shape support for EU risk sharing",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Rather than confining the investigation solely to intentions, as typically done within the unifinality paradigm (e.g. Structural Equation Modeling with prespecified hypotheses), this paper extends the traditional approach by delving into the actual behaviors of tourists through diverse pathways. Employing mixed methods, we aim to uncover potential explanations for the formation of green behavioral patterns among tourists. While our findings reveal a limited variance in behavior explained solely by intention, it is imperative to recognize the critical role of intention as a significant determinant of behavior, as supported by our empirical data.",
-        "output": "Exploring multifaceted pathways: understanding behavioral formation in green tourism selection through fsQCA",
+        "input": "Abstract: Cross-domain generalizable depth estimation aims to estimate the depth of target domains (i.e., real-world) using models trained on the source domains (i.e., synthetic). Previous methods mainly use additional real-world domain datasets to extract depth specific information for cross-domain generalizable depth estimation. Unfortunately, due to the large domain gap, adequate depth specific information is hard to obtain and interference is difficult to remove, which limits the performance. To relieve these problems, we propose a domain generalizable feature extraction network with adaptive guidance fusion (AGDF-Net) to fully acquire essential features for depth estimation at multi-scale feature levels. Specifically, our AGDF-Net first separates the image into initial depth and weak-related depth components with reconstruction and contrary losses. Subsequently, an adaptive guidance fusion module is designed to sufficiently intensify the initial depth features for domain generalizable intensified depth features acquisition. Finally, taking intensified depth features as input, an arbitrary depth estimation network can be used for real-world depth estimation. Using only synthetic datasets, our AGDF-Net can be applied to various real-world datasets (i.e., KITTI, NYUDv2, NuScenes, DrivingStereo and CityScapes) with state-of-the-art performances. Furthermore, experiments with a small amount of real-world data in a semi-supervised setting also demonstrate the superiority of AGDF-Net over state-of-the-art approaches.",
+        "output": "AGDF-Net: Learning Domain Generalizable Depth Features With Adaptive Guidance Fusion",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a rapid shift to online teaching, placing unprecedented demands on educators' physical and mental well-being. However, the relationship between English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' physical activity, emotion regulation, and competence for online teaching remains underexplored.OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the interplay between EFL teachers' physical activity, emotion regulation strategies, and competence for online teaching.RESULTS: Structural equation modeling revealed significant direct and indirect effects, indicating that physical activity positively influences emotion regulation, which, in turn, enhances teachers' competence for online instruction. Furthermore, emotion regulation was found to mediate the relationship between physical activity and online teaching competence.CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of promoting physical activity among EFL teachers as a means to enhance their emotion regulation skills and competence for online teaching, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.IMPLICATIONS: The study highlights the need for targeted interventions aimed at supporting EFL teachers' well-being and professional development, with implications for educational policies, teacher training programs, and institutional support structures in the digital learning landscape.",
-        "output": "A structural model of EFL teachers' physical activity, emotion regulation, and competence for online teaching.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Microorganisms are crucial elements of terrestrial ecosystems, which play significant roles in improving soil physicochemical properties, providing plant growth nutrients, degrading toxic and harmful chemicals, and biogeochemical cycling. Variations in the types and quantities of root exudates among different plants greatly alter soil physicochemical properties and result in variations in the diversity, structure, and function of soil microorganisms. Not much is understood about the differences of soil fungi and archaea communities for different plant communities in coastal wetlands, and their response mechanisms to environmental changes. In this study, fungal and archaea communities in soils of Suaeda salsa, Phragmites australis, and Spartina alterniflora in the intertidal habitat of coastal wetlands were selected for research. Soil fungi and archaea were analyzed for diversity, community structure, and function using high throughput ITS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The study revealed significant differences in fungi and archaea's diversity and community structure in the rhizosphere soil of three plant communities. At the same time, there is no significant difference in the functional groups. SOM, TP, AP, MC, EC and SOM, TN, TP, AP, MC, EC are the primary environmental determinants affecting changes in soil fungal and archaeal communities, respectively. Variations in the diversity, community structure, and ecological functions of fungi and archaea can be used as indicators characterizing the impact of external disturbances on the soil environment, providing a theoretical foundation for the effective utilization of soil microbial resources, thereby achieving the goal of environmental protection and health promotion.",
+        "output": "Floristic changes and environmental drivers of soil fungi and archaea in different salt-tolerant plant communities in the intertidal habitat of coastal wetlands",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: The ever-increasing demand for data traffic in recent decades has pushed network operators to give importance to the aspect of infrastructure control to facilitate its scalability and maximize its capacity. A generic lightpath (LP) is deployed starting from a traffic request between a given pair of nodes in a network. LPs are operated in the network based on an estimate of the quality of transmission (QoT), which is derived from the physical layer characteristics of a selected route. Regardless of the model used to estimate QoT, it is necessary to calibrate the model to maximize its accuracy and define minimum design margins. The model calibration process depends significantly on the type of data that can be collected in the field (i.e., type of metric, resolution) and therefore on the available monitoring devices. In this work, a systematic evaluation of the QoT estimation is carried out on a multi-span erbium-doped-fiber-amplified optical line system (OLS) using in the first case only total power monitors and in the second experimentally emulating optical channel monitors (OCMs). Given the type of monitoring devices available, three different physical models are calibrated, and six optimization methods are used to define the optimal configuration of the target gain and tilt parameters of the optical amplifiers, jointly optimizing the working point of all amplifiers (global approach) or proceeding span by span (local approach). Subsequently, the OLS was set in each configuration obtained, and the generalized signal-to-noise ratio (GSNR) profile was measured at the end. (c) 2024 Optica Publishing Group",
-        "output": "Local and global optimization methods for optical line control based on quality of transmission",
+        "input": "Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the reported cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in Iran.METHODS: A comprehensive literature review of CJD cases in Iran was undertaken using the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. In addition, the Iranian database MagIran was searched for Persian language reports. Case selection used the following criteria: (i) patients of Iranian origin; (ii) publication in peer-reviewed journals or reputable medical databases; (iii) a definitive diagnosis of CJD based on established diagnostic criteria.RESULTS: Thirteen cases from twelve reports were included in this systematic review. The majority of the cases were female (11 of 13; 84.6%). The mean\u00b1SD age of patients at hospital admission was 59.38\u00b17.44 years. The findings of the case review suggested that the prevalence of CJD in Iran is not fully established. CJD may be misdiagnosed alongside other clinical signs. The most prevalent early indications of the disease were psychiatric and neurological in nature. A considerable delay in diagnosis was observed in some cases and there was a shortage of brain autopsy records.CONCLUSION: Efforts to improve diagnostic capabilities, promote awareness and establish monitoring systems are necessary for managing the challenges of providing an early diagnosis of CJD in Iran.",
+        "output": "Understanding Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Iran: a systematic review of case reports.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, has been witnessed as a rapidly escalating worldwide health crisis. China currently had 140.9 million diabetic population in 2021, which was the largest globally. DM has witnessed a significant surge in the past few decades, leading to an alarming rise in the overall burden caused by this disease. To monitor the near real-time DM prevalence and the consumption of first-line anti-diabetic drugs, a wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approach based on the back-calculation of metformin concentration was implemented in 237 cities in China. The quantitative analysis of metformin in wastewater was conducted by LC-MS/MS with satisfactory results of method validation. The average concentration of metformin in wastewater was 14.07\u00b113.16mug/L, and the per capita consumption was 5.16\u00b12.08mg/day/inh, ranging from 0.90 to 10.36\u00b14.63mg/day/inh. The calculated metformin prevalence was found to be 0.52%\u00b10.28%, and the final estimated DM prevalence was 11.33%\u00b14.99%, which was nearly consistent with the result of the International Diabetes Federation survey of 9.98%. The results suggested that metformin might be one of the suitable WBE biomarkers in DM monitoring and WBE strategy could potentially enable the estimation of DM prevalence in most of Chinese cities after reasonable correction of associated parameters.",
-        "output": "Wastewater-based estimation of diabetes mellitus prevalence in 237 cities: A cross-China study.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Analytical studies of ancient Chinese handmade papers and paper-based materials have long faced challenges, due to the need for high-quality, scientifically sound data that can lead to suitable diagnostic criteria. This study applies Herzberg staining, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), Raman spectroscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to five Hetian Administration Banknotes (HABs), a particular type of regional banknotes issued by Ma Hu-shan (1910-1954), a Hui warlord, in southern Xinjiang between 1933 and 1937. The results shed important insights into the use of fiber and dyes on HABs, revealing how locally handmade Sangpi (bark of the mulberry tree, Morus alba L.) papers and imported synthetic dyes (Rhodamine B, Methyl Violet 2B, Direct Black 38, and presumably Sudan II) were combined to serve the needs of the regional economy in southern Xinjiang during the 1930s. We conclude the paper by tentatively proposing guidelines for applying low- and high-resolution analytical methods to understand the manufacture and use of ancient Chinese handmade papers and paper-based materials.",
+        "output": "Understanding the Manufacture of Hetian Administration Banknotes from Xinjiang Using Low- and High-resolution Analytical Methods",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Given environmental contribution of individuals' behavioral change, this study explored how hikers' pro-environmental behavior can be facilitated. The theoretical model incorporated the restorative quality of natural trails as an external environment, hikers' place affect and their pro-environmental behavior. This study used a mixed research approach to test this model, which involved developing measurement items for the restorative quality of nature trails and analyzing survey data from 361 hikers. The analysis showed that the restorative quality of natural trails induced place affect, which increased place-specific pro-environmental behavior. Mediating effect of place affect and moderating function of daily environmental practices were identified.",
-        "output": "Role of restorative natural environments in predicting hikers' pro-environmental behavior in a nature trail context",
+        "input": "Abstract: Objectives This study aimed to investigate the utility of the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method (RAM) in validating expert consensus-based multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on electrocardiogram (ECG).Methods According to the RAM user's manual, nine panelists comprising various experts who routinely handle ECGs were asked to reach a consensus in three phases: a preparatory phase (round 0), an online test phase (round 1), and a face-to-face expert panel meeting (round 2). In round 0, the objectives and future timeline of the study were elucidated to the nine expert panelists with a summary of relevant literature. In round 1, 100 ECG questions prepared by two skilled cardiologists were answered, and the success rate was calculated by dividing the number of correct answers by 9. Furthermore, the questions were stratified into Appropriate, Discussion, or Inappropriate according to the median score and interquartile range (IQR) of appropriateness rating by nine panelists. In round 2, the validity of the 100 ECG questions was discussed in an expert panel meeting according to the results of round 1 and finally reassessed as Appropriate, Candidate, Revision, and Defer.Results In round 1 results, the average success rate of the nine experts was 0.89. Using the median score and IQR, 54 questions were classified as  Discussion. In the expert panel meeting in round 2, 23% of the original 100 questions was ultimately deemed inappropriate, although they had been prepared by two skilled cardiologists. Most of the 46 questions categorized as Appropriate using the median score and IQR in round 1 were considered Appropriate even after round 2 (44/46, 95.7%).Conclusions The use of the median score and IQR allowed for a more objective determination of question validity. The RAM may help select appropriate questions, contributing to the preparation of higher-quality tests.",
+        "output": "Utility of RAND/UCLA appropriateness method in validating multiple-choice questions on ECG",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Doxycycline (DOX) represents a second-generation tetracycline antibiotic that persists as a challenging-to-degrade contaminant in environmental compartments. Despite its ubiquity, scant literature exists on bacteria proficient in DOX degradation. This study marked a substantial advancement in this field by isolating Chryseobacterium sp. WX1 from an activated sludge enrichment culture, showcasing its unprecedented ability to completely degrade 50mg/L of DOX within 44h. Throughout the degradation process, seven biotransformation products were identified, revealing a complex pathway that began with the hydroxylation of DOX, followed by a series of transformations. Employing an integrated multi-omics approach alongside in vitro heterologous expression assays, our study distinctly identified the tetX gene as a critical facilitator of DOX hydroxylation. Proteomic analyses further pinpointed the enzymes postulated to mediate the downstream modifications of DOX hydroxylation derivatives. The elucidated degradation pathway encompassed several key biological processes, such as the microbial transmembrane transport of DOX and its intermediates, the orchestration of enzyme synthesis for transformation, energy metabolism, and other gene-regulated biological directives. This study provides the first insight into the adaptive biotransformation strategies of Chryseobacterium under DOX-induced stress, highlighting the potential applications of this strain to augment DOX removal in wastewater treatment systems containing high concentrations of DOX.",
-        "output": "Elucidating doxycycline biotransformation mechanism by Chryseobacterium sp. WX1: Multi-omics insights.",
+        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: Survival of children with cancer has markedly improved over recent decades, largely due to intensified treatment regimes. The intensive treatment may, however, result in fatal complications. In this retrospective cohort study, we assessed temporal variation in the incidence of treatment-related death and associated risk factors among children diagnosed with cancer in Denmark during 2001-2021.METHOD: Among all children diagnosed with first incident cancer before age 15 years recorded in the Danish Childhood Cancer Register (n = 3,255), we estimated cumulative incidence of treatment-related death (death in the absence of progressive cancer) within 5 years from diagnosis using Aalen-Johansen estimators and assessed associated risk factors using Cox regression.RESULTS: Among all 3,255 children with cancer, 93 (20% of all 459 deaths) died from treatment. Of these treatment-related deaths, 39 (42%) occurred within 3 months of diagnosis. The 5-year cumulative incidences of treatment-related death were 3.3% during 2001-2010 and 2.5% during 2011-2021 (p = 0.20). During 2011-2021, treatment-related deaths accounted for more than half of all deaths among children with haematological cancers. Risk factors varied according to cancer group and included female sex, age below 1 year at diagnosis, disease relapse, stem cell transplantation, central nervous system involvement, and metastasis at diagnosis.INTERPRETATION: Despite increasing treatment intensities, the incidence of treatment-related death has remained stable during the past 20 years in Denmark. Still, clinical attention is warranted to prevent treatment-related deaths, particularly among children with haematological cancers. Patient characteristics associated with increased treatment-related death risk support patient-specific treatment approaches to avoid these fatalities.",
+        "output": "Treatment-related mortality among children with cancer in Denmark during 2001-2021.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: If elected, Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo would bring an extensive background in science and engineering to Mexico's presidency. But many researchers are anxious about how she would govern.",
-        "output": "A scientist for president.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Axial piston pumps are the 'hearts' of hydraulic systems whose fault recognition is necessary for the safety and reliability of hydraulic equipment. These pumps operate under different operating conditions and the fault recognition model trained at one operating point cannot be applicable at another operating point due to the problem of domain shifts. This paper proposes a transfer learning method for the fault severity recognition of axial piston pumps based on adversarial discriminative domain adaptation fused with a convolutional channel attention module. First, a convolutional neural network is pre-trained with labeled vibration data from the source domain, and a convolutional channel attention module is added to assign weights to different convolution kernels. Second, the trained source model is transferred to the target domain, and its parameters are updated by an adversarial training process between the labeled source data and the unlabeled target data. Finally, vibration data are collected from an axial piston pump at different fault levels under various operating conditions to validate the proposed method. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieves an average recognition accuracy of 98.3% and outperforms some other transfer learning methods by a large margin.",
+        "output": "Fault severity recognition in axial piston pumps using attention-based adversarial discriminative domain adaptation neural network",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: The Brief Educational Workshops in Secondary Schools Trial (BESST) is an England-wide school-based cluster randomised controlled trial assessing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of an open-access psychological workshop programme (DISCOVER) for 16-18-year-olds. This baseline paper describes the self-referral and other recruitment processes used in this study and the baseline characteristics of the enrolled schools and participants.METHOD: We enrolled 900 participants from 57 Secondary schools across England from 4th October 2021 to 10th November 2022. Schools were randomised to receive either the DISCOVER day-long Stress workshop or treatment as usual which included signposting information. Participants will be followed up for 6months with outcome data collection at baseline, 3-month, and 6-month post randomisation.RESULTS: Schools were recruited from a geographically and ethnically diverse sample across England. To reduce stigma, students were invited to self-refer into the study if they wanted help for stress. Their mean age was 17.2 (SD=0.6), 641 (71%) were female and 411 (45.6%) were from ethnic minority groups. The general wellbeing of our sample measured using the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) found 314 (35%) of students exhibited symptoms of depression at baseline. Eighty percent of students reported low wellbeing on the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) suggesting that although the overall sample mean is below the cut-off for depression, the self-referral approach used in this study supports distressed students in coming forward.CONCLUSION: The BESST study will continue to follow up participants to collect outcome data and results will be analysed once all the data have been collected.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN registry ISRCTN90912799. Registered on 28 May 2020.",
-        "output": "Brief Educational Workshops in Secondary Schools Trial (BESST trial), a school-based cluster randomised controlled trial of the DISCOVER workshop for 16-18-year-olds: recruitment and baseline characteristics.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Bernard Williams described the case of a lorry driver who runs over a child through no fault of his own. In this article, I pursue two aims. First, I want to motivate a puzzle about Williams's case, which I call the Lorry Driver Paradox and which consists of three individually plausible but jointly inconsistent claims. Second, I want to offer a solution to this paradox based on a novel approach to so-called strict moral answerability. I conclude by responding to the objection that strict answerability is a contradiction in terms.",
+        "output": "Strict Moral Answerability",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: According to the German Physiotherapy Education and Qualification Regulations, teaching of anatomical structures is one of the fundamental subjects of physiotherapy education. Besides exhibits and models, anatomy atlases are usually used as teaching and learning tools. These are available in both analog form such as printed books or in digital form as a mobile application. Furthermore, the use of digital teaching and learning tools is steadily increasing within the education of health professionals.AIM: To assess the efficacy of a digital educational tool in contrast to an analog anatomical atlas in acquiring knowledge about anatomical structures.MATERIAL AND METHOD: The data collection took place in the context of an anatomy tutorial for students of the bachelor's degree program in physiotherapy. In a cross-over design, the students completed two learning assignments, each, with different learning materials provided, either with an anatomy app on a tablet or with an anatomy atlas as a book. The tests to assess the newly acquired knowledge immediately after the task, consisted of questions about the anatomical structures of the knee as well as the shoulder. In addition, the students' satisfaction with the learning materials provided was surveyed using a questionnaire. The survey assessed their satisfaction, their assessment of learning success, and their affinity to digital learning materials. This was done using a 5-point Likert scale and a free-text field. The data was analyzed descriptively, and group differences were calculated using a t-tests.RESULTS: Thirty students participated. The group comparison showed a significantly better outcome for the group that prepared with the analog anatomy atlas for the questions on the knee than the comparison group that used the anatomy app (t(28)=2.6; p=0.007). For the questions concerning the shoulder, there was no significant difference between the digital and analog groups (t(28)=1.14; p=0.26). The questionnaire revealed that satisfaction with the analog anatomy atlas was significantly higher than with the anatomy app. A total of 93.34% rated their experience with the analog learning tool at least somewhat satisfied. In contrast, 72.67% of students partially or fully agreed that they enjoyed learning with digital learning tools.DISCUSSION: Learning anatomical structures with the Human Anatomy Atlas 2023+app did not show a clear advantage when compared to an anatomy book in these two cohorts of physiotherapy students. The results of the questionnaire also showed greater satisfaction with the analog anatomy atlas than with the anatomy app, whereas most students stated that they frequently use digital learning tools, including some for anatomical structures. Satisfaction with the learning tool seems to play a central role in their effectiveness. In addition, sufficient time must be provided for users to familiarize themselves with the user interface of digital applications to use them effectively.REGISTRATION: Diese klinische Studie wurde nicht in einem Studienregister registriert.",
-        "output": "Effectiveness of digital and analog learning methods for learning anatomical structures in physiotherapy education.",
+        "input": "Abstract: When conducting judicial review of administrative decisions using a deferential standard of review, courts should give a greater role to the decision maker's responsiveness to the interests of the community of judgment-those directly affected by the decision. This Article uses a theory of judgment developed by Immanuel Kant in the Critique of Judgment, and elaborated by Hannah Arendt, to justify why consideration for the community is essential to deciding reasonably. It also reviews the approach to deferential review in the case law of the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada to determine what the effect would be of this new approach to assessing the reasonableness of a decision. While reviewing courts usually consider the rationality of the decision for achieving the decision maker's statutory policy goals and the appropriateness of the decision maker's appreciation of the relevant facts, they do not generally probe the responsiveness of their reasons to the concerns of those affected by it. This Article suggests that courts should do so. The result is that administrative law will in future require better quality reasons from decision makers. Probing the responsiveness of reasons to the concerns of the community of judgment will require courts to compare the weight that the decision maker has placed on facts and arguments to the weight given to them by community members. This will be a significant change in how courts conduct judicial review, but it should enhance the legitimacy of deferential judicial review.",
+        "output": "Reasonableness as Responsiveness in Administrative Law in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada: Kant and Arendt on the Role of the Community in Deferential Judicial Review",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Thibaut Brunet is a group leader at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, France, where he works on choanoflagellates (known as 'choanos' for short). These unicellular organisms are close relatives of animals that have the potential to form multicellular assemblies under certain conditions, and Thibaut's lab are leveraging them to gain insights into how animal morphogenesis evolved. We met with Thibaut over Zoom to discuss his career path so far, and learnt how an early interest in dinosaurs contributed to his life-long fascination with evolutionary biology.",
-        "output": "Transitions in development - an interview with Thibaut Brunet.",
+        "input": "Abstract: In this paper, we present stable carbon and oxygen isotope analyses of fauna tooth enamel from Garba IVD (1.95 Ma) and Gombore IB (1.66 Ma), two Early Acheulean sites of Melka Kunture (Upper Awash, Ethiopia), and discuss faunal taxonomy and fossil pollen. Our aim is to infer the diet and habitat of the fossil fauna, as well as the environment of both sites, in order to provide a broader paleoecological reconstruction. During the Pleistocene, the vegetation of the highlands of Ethiopia belonged to the Dry evergreen Afromontane Forest and grassland complex, which is distinct from the savanna of lower elevations in eastern Africa. Our carbon isotopic results indicate that all the analyzed faunal taxa were grazers consuming C4 plants, whereas oxygen isotopic results discriminate the taxa according to their semiaquatic or terrestrial habitats. These results are consistent with the taxonomic composition of the faunal assemblages and the palynological results, suggesting extended mountain grasslands in the landscape at Garba IVD. In contrast, the carbon isotopic results do not totally agree with the pollen paleoenvironmental reconstruction at Gombore IB, where the open vegetation was interrupted by forests and bushy vegetation. Stable isotope and pollen data provide different outcomes (feeding strategies vs. nearby plants) and have different temporal and spatial resolutions. This is relevant when reconstructing past environments by using independent proxies. Furthermore, isotopic comparisons with other Early Pleistocene paleontological and archaeological sites from eastern Africa indicate that all the analyzed taxa in common fed on C4 plants and that their dietary strategies were not affected by variations linked to the difference in elevations.",
+        "output": "Isotopic insights into the Early Acheulean (1.95 Ma-1.66 Ma) high-elevation paleoenvironments at Melka Kunture (Upper Awash Valley, Ethiopia)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: This study investigated the Chinese millennials' perspectives of tourism sustainability using Hofstede's five-dimensional model. It examined the relationship between their environmental attitudes and hedonic/utilitarian values. According to the findings, collectivism had a positive impact on their pro-environmental attitude, evident in both their preferences and behaviors. Large power distance as well as high tolerance for uncertainty, conversely, resulted in a less pro-environmental attitude. Simultaneously, their masculinity, as expressed in their tendency to obtain more profit in advance, was harmful. This research adds to a greater understanding of cultural and individual values and suggests marketing strategies to advocate for environmentally conscious behaviors.",
-        "output": "Do cultural and individual values influence sustainable tourism and pro-environmental behavior? Focusing on Chinese millennials",
+        "input": "Abstract: This study explores how the layout of neighborhoods in traditional settlements of Saudi Arabia's Najdi region influence social interactions and urban planning decisions. The study uses a multidisciplinary approach that includes urban morphology, architectural phenomenology, and sociological study methods to investigate the relationships between spatial organization and decision-making processes on both the macro and micro levels of decision-making. The purpose is to look at how collective action decision-making processes affect the urban fabric and how social norms influence spatial organization at different levels. The study applies case study and spatial analysis approaches to investigate how the traditional settlements' spatial structure promotes peace among the inhabitants while also sustaining cultural traditions. The qualitative approach investigates how spatial arrangements influence behaviors, developing a better understanding of how residents interact with their surroundings. According to the study's findings, these spatial layouts sustain customs and assist communities in adapting to environmental changes by retaining cultural activities. The study identifies the significance of balancing development with the retention of important traditional values in the implementation of long-term urban conservation plans. Traditional Najdi towns can serve as urban design examples, emphasizing the need to acknowledge the distinct value of vernacular architecture in modern urban development while also fostering social cohesion.",
+        "output": "Spatial Dynamics and Social Order in Traditional Towns of Saudi Arabia's Nadji Region: The Role of Neighborhood Clustering in Urban Morphology and Decision-Making Processes",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Jasbir K. Puar and Dima Srouji build upon their respective work in architecture, visual art and decolonial theory to produce a collaborative examination of colonial pathologies for Sharjah Art Biennial 15, 2023. Srouji's architecture and art practice encompass a variety of mediums that allow her to explore notions of heritage and public space in Palestine and the region. Puar is a writer and scholar whose current work focuses on settler colonial violence, disability and debility in Palestine. Their collaborative installations integrate understandings of space and planning with the contemporary politics of resistance in the context of Palestine and the surrounding region.At Sharjah Art Biennial 15, Puar and Srouji present 'Revolutionary Enclosures (Until the Apricots)' (2023), a series of household items that respond to the material conditions of lockdown, interweaving the artists' experiences of COVID-19 quarantine in Palestine and their memories of the Second Intifada (2000-2005), a major Palestinian uprising against Israel. The project reframes everyday objects emblematic of the trauma of enclosure for Palestinians as transformative matter and reservoirs of affective practices of resilience, community and caregiving: hoarded cans of tuna form the constituent parts of a radiator signifying warmth; resin apricots evoke the exchange of sustenance among neighbours; shrapnel becomes decorative wallpaper motifs; a stairwell used as shelter from air raids transforms into a communal reading space. Exploring the collective rhythms and materialities of these conditions, Srouji and Puar conjure the everyday making and remaking of the commons through and against the constraints of siege and containment.The conversation published here took place between March and September 2023, and thus predates the latest phase in the catastrophic violence that has historically defined Israel's relationship to Palestine and the Palestinians. Triggered by an unprecedented and shocking attack by Hamas on 7 October, Israel's genocidal military campaign in Gaza is not an anomaly, but in line with and part and parcel of the systematic ethnic cleansing of the Palestinians and the Apartheid system that the settler colonial state of Israel has relied on for its sustenance since 1948. The questions asked here by Maasri and Toukan, as well as the artworks discussed by Jasbir and Srouji, probe aspects of this very condition that has brought us to the unabashed genocidal violence we are now all witness to today.",
-        "output": "Revolutionary Enclosures (Until the Apricots)",
+        "input": "Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The authors sought to elucidate the role and predictive effects of preoperative nutritional status on postoperative outcomes across different age groups undergoing heart valve surgery.DESIGN: A retrospective study with intergroup comparison, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and logistic regression analysis.SETTING: A hospital affiliated with a medical university.PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand nine hundred five patients undergoing heart valve surgery between October 2016 and December 2020.INTERVENTIONS: None.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Patients were categorized into 3 age subgroups: young (aged 18-44 years), middle-aged (aged 45-59 years), and older (aged \u226560 years) adults. The Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), Prognostic Nutritional Index, and Controlling Nutritional Status scores were evaluated. Young adults with an NRI <99 experienced a significantly higher rate of prolonged intensive care unit stay (28.3% v 4.1%, p < 0.001), with a relative risk of 4.58 (95% CI: 2.04-10.27). Similarly, young adults with an NRI <97 had a significantly increased occurrence of mortality within 30 days after surgery (6.3% v 0.2%, p < 0.001), with a relative risk of 41.11 (95% CI: 3.19-529.48).CONCLUSIONS: In patients who undergo heart valve surgery, early postoperative outcomes can be influenced by nutritional status before the surgery. In the young-adult group, NRI <99 and NRI <97 effectively could predict prolonged intensive care unit stay and 30-day mortality, respectively.",
+        "output": "Predictive Role of Preoperative Nutritional Status on Early Postoperative Outcomes in Different-Aged Patients Undergoing Heart Valve Surgery.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate illumination properties in an in-vitro kidney calyx model in saline.DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated a series of contemporary flexible ureteroscopes including the Storz Flex-Xc and Flex-X2s, Olympus V3 and P7, Pusen 7.5F and 9.2F, as well as OTU WiScope using a 3D-printed closed pink kidney calyx model, submerged in saline. A spectrometer was used for illuminance and color temperature measurements at different openings located at center (direct light), 45\u00b0 (direct and indirect light) and 90\u00b0(indirect light) to the axis of the scope.RESULTS: Maximum illuminance was at the center opening for all scopes (range: 284 to 12,058lx at 50% brightness and 454 to 11,871lx at 100% brightness settings). The scope with the highest center illuminance (Flex-Xc) was 26 times superior to the scope with the lowest illuminance (Pusen 7.5Fr) at 100% brightness setting. For each scope, there was a peripheral illuminance drop ranging from -43 to -92% at 50% brightness and -43% to -88% at 100% brightness settings, respectively (all p<0.01). Highest drop was for the P7 and the Pusen 9.2F. All scopes had illuminance skew, except the V3. All scopes had a warm color temperature.CONCLUSION: Illumination properties vary between ureteroscopes in an enclosed cavity in saline, and differs at center vs 45\u00b0 and 90\u00b0 positions within scopes. Peripheral illuminance drop can be as high as -92%, which is undesirable. This may affect the choice of ureteroscope and light brightness settings used in surgery by urologists.",
-        "output": "Illumination matters Part II: advanced comparative analysis of flexible ureteroscopes in a kidney model by PEARLS.",
+        "input": "Abstract: While in recent times many regions have flourished, many others are stuck-or are at risk of becoming stuck-in a development trap. Such regions experience decline in economic growth, employment, and productivity relative to their neighbors and to their own past trajectories. Prolonged periods in development traps are leading to political dissatisfaction and unrest. Such discontent is often translated into support for antisystem parties at the ballot box. In this article we study the link between the risk, intensity, and duration of regional development traps and the rise of discontent in the European Union (EU)-proxied by the support for Eurosceptic parties in national elections between 2013 and 2022-using an econometric analysis at a regional level. The results highlight the strong connection between being stuck in a development trap, often in middle- or high-income regions, and support for Eurosceptic parties. They also suggest that the longer the period of stagnation, the stronger the support for parties opposed to European integration. This relationship remains robust whether considering only the most extreme Eurosceptic parties or including parties with more moderate levels of Euroscepticism.",
+        "output": "The Geography of EU Discontent and the Regional Development Trap",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Healthcare professionals often face ethical conflicts and challenges related to decision-making that have necessitated consideration of the use of conscientious objection (CO). No current guidelines exist within Spain's healthcare system regarding acceptable rationales for CO, the appropriate application of CO, or practical means to support healthcare professionals who wish to become conscientious objectors. As such, a procedural framework is needed that not only assures the appropriate use of CO by healthcare professionals but also demonstrates its ethical validity, legislative compliance through protection of moral freedoms and patients' rights to receive health care. Our proposal consists of prerequisites of eligibility for CO (individual reference, specific clinical context, ethical justification, assurance of non-discrimination, professional consistency, attitude of mutual respect, assurance of patient rights and safety) and a procedural process (notification and preparation, documentation and confidentiality, evaluation of prerequisites, non-abandonment, transparency, allowance for unforeseen objection, compensatory responsibilities, access to guidance and/or consultative advice, and organizational guarantee of professional substitution). We illustrate the real-world utility of the proposed framework through a case discussion in which our guidelines are applied.",
-        "output": "Guidelines for conscientious objection in Spain: a proposal involving prerequisites and protocolized procedure",
+        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: The decreasing residual efficacy of insecticides is an important factor when making decisions on insecticide choice for national malaria control programmes. The major challenge to using chemicals for vector control is the selection for the development of insecticide resistance. Since insecticide resistance has been recorded for most of the existing insecticides used for indoor residual spraying, namely, DDT, pyrethroids, organophosphates and carbamates, and new chemicals are necessary for the continued success of indoor residual spraying. The aim of this study was to assess the residual efficacy of Actellic 300CS, SumiShield50WG and FludoraFusion by spraying on different wall surfaces.METHODS: One hundred and sixty-eight houses with different wall surface types (mud, cement, painted cement, and tin) which represented the rural house wall surface types in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa were used to evaluate the residual efficacy of Actellic 300CS, SumiShield 50WG and FludoraFusion with DDT as the positive control. All houses were sprayed by experienced spray operators from the Malaria Control Programme. Efficacy of these insecticides were evaluated by contact bioassays against Anopheles arabiensis, a vector species. The residual efficacy of the insecticide formulations was evaluated against a susceptible insectary-reared population of An. arabiensis using WHO cone bioassays.RESULTS: Effectiveness of the three insecticides was observed up to 12months post-spray. When assessing the achievement of 100% mortality over time, SumiShield performed significantly better than DDT on mud (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.72-3.04) and painted cement wall types (OR 3.52, 95% CI 2.36-5.26). On cement wall types, Actellic was found to be less effective than DDT (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37-0.82) while FludoraFusion was less effective on tin wall types (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.95). When compared to the combined efficacy of DDT on mud surfaces, SumiShield applied to each of the mud, cement and painted cement wall types and DDT applied to the cement wall types was found to be significantly more effective. These insecticides usually resulted in 100% mortality for up to 12months with a delayed mortality period of 96-144h, depending on the insecticide evaluated and the surface type sprayed.CONCLUSION: Field evaluation of these insecticides have shown that Actellic, SumiShield and FludoraFusion are suitable replacements for DDT. Each of these insecticides can be used for malaria vector control, requiring just one spray round. These insecticides can be used in rotation or as mosaic spraying.",
+        "output": "Field evaluation of the residual efficacy of new generation insecticides for potential use in indoor residual spray programmes in South Africa.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Importance Arterial hypoxemia, electrolyte imbalances, and periodic breathing increase the vulnerability to cardiac arrhythmia at altitude. Objective To explore the incidence of tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias in healthy individuals at high altitudes. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study involved healthy individuals at altitude (8849 m) on Mount Everest, Nepal. Recruitment occurred from January 25 to May 9, 2023, and data analysis took place from June to July 2023. Exposure All study participants underwent 12-lead electrocardiogram, transthoracic echocardiography, and exercise stress testing before and ambulatory rhythm recording both before and during the expedition. Main Outcome The incidence of a composite of supraventricular (>30 seconds) and ventricular (>3 beats) tachyarrhythmia and bradyarrhythmia (sinoatrial arrest, second- or third-degree atrioventricular block). Results Of the 41 individuals recruited, 100% were male, and the mean (SD) age was 33.6 (8.9) years. On baseline investigations, there were no signs of exertional ischemia, wall motion abnormality, or cardiac arrhythmia in any of the participants. Among 34 individuals reaching basecamp at 5300 m, 32 participants climbed to 7900 m or higher, and 14 reached the summit of Mount Everest. A total of 45 primary end point-relevant events were recorded in 13 individuals (38.2%). Forty-three bradyarrhythmic events were documented in 13 individuals (38.2%) and 2 ventricular tachycardias in 2 individuals (5.9%). Nine arrhythmias (20%) in 5 participants occurred when climbers were using supplemental bottled oxygen, whereas 36 events (80%) in 11 participants occurred at lower altitudes when no supplemental bottled oxygen was used. The proportion of individuals with arrhythmia remained stable across levels of increasing altitude, while event rates per 24 hours numerically increased between 5300 m (0.16 per 24 hours) and 7300 m (0.37 per 24 hours) before decreasing again at higher altitudes, where supplemental oxygen was used. None of the study participants reported dizziness or syncope. Conclusion and Relevance In this study, more than 1 in 3 healthy individuals experienced cardiac arrhythmia during the climb of Mount Everest, thereby confirming the association between exposure to high altitude and incidence of cardiac arrhythmia. Future studies should explore the potential implications of these rhythm disturbances.",
-        "output": "Risk of Cardiac Arrhythmias Among Climbers on Mount Everest",
+        "input": "Abstract: This Guide to Statistics and Methods describes the process of validation and gathering validity evidence for assessment tool development for surgical education research.",
+        "output": "Practical Guide to Assessment Tool Development for Surgical Education Research",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: While Prospect Theory helps to explain decision-making under risk, studies often base frames on hypothetical events and fail to acknowledge that many individuals lack the ability and motivation to engage in complex thinking. We use an original survey of US adults (N=2813) to test Prospect Theory in the context of the May 2023 debt ceiling negotiations in the US Congress and assess whether objective numeracy moderates framing effects. We hypothesize and find evidence to suggest that most respondents are risk-averse to potential gains and risk-accepting to potential losses; however, high numerates are more risk-averse and risk-accepting to gains and losses, respectively, than low numerates. We also find that need for cognition interacts with numeracy to moderate framing effects for prospective losses, such that higher need for cognition attenuates risk-acceptance among low numerates and exacerbates risk-acceptance among high numerates. Our results are robust to a range of other covariates and in models accounting for the interaction between political knowledge and need for cognition, indicating joint moderating effects from two knowledge domains similarly conditioned by the desire to engage in effortful thinking. Our findings demonstrate that those who can understand and use objective information may remain subjectively persuaded by certain policy frames.",
-        "output": "Objective numeracy exacerbates framing effects from decision-making under political risk.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Importance Although incidence of suicide in depression varies remarkably temporally, risk factors have been modeled as constant and remain uncharted in the short term. How effectively factors measured at one point in time predict risk at different time points is unknown. Objective To examine the absolute risk and risk factors for suicide in hospitalized patients with depression starting from the first days after discharge up to 2 years and to evaluate whether the size of relative risk by factor displays temporal patterns over consecutive phases of follow-up. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based study using Finnish registers (hospital discharge, population, and cause of death registers) included all hospitalizations for depression as the principal diagnosis in Finland from 1996 to 2017, with a maximum follow-up of 2 years. Data were analyzed from January 2022 to November 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Incidence rate (IR), IR ratios, hazard functions, and hazard ratios for suicide by consecutive time periods (0 to 3 days, 4 to 7 days, 7 to 30 days, 31 to 90 days, 91 to 365 days, and 1 to 2 years) since discharge. Results This study included 193 197 hospitalizations among 91 161 individuals, of whom 51 197 (56.2%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 44.0 (17.3) years. Altogether, patients were followed up to 226 615 person-years. A total of 1219 men and 757 women died of suicide. Incidence of suicide was extremely high during the first days after discharge (IR of 6062 [95% CI, 4963-7404] per 100 000 on days 0 to 3; IR of 3884 [95% CI, 3119-4835] per 100 000 on days 4 to 7) and declined thereafter. Several factors were associated with risk of suicide over the first days after discharge. Current suicide attempt by hanging or firearms increased the risk of suicide most on days 0 to 3 (IR ratio, 18.9; 95% CI, 3.1-59.8) and on days 0 to 7 (IR ratio, 10.1; 95% CI, 1.7-31.5). Temporal patterns of the size of the relative risk diverged over time, being constant, declining, or increasing. Clinical factors had the strongest association immediately. Relative risk remained constant among men and even increased among those with alcohol or substance use disorder. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, patients hospitalized for depression had extremely high risk of suicide during the first days after discharge. Thereafter, incidence declined steeply but remained high. Within the periods of the highest risk of suicide, several factors increased overall risk manyfold. Risk factors' observed potencies varied over time and had characteristic temporal patterns.",
+        "output": "Variations in Suicide Risk and Risk Factors After Hospitalization for Depression in Finland, 1996-2017",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Human papillomavirus (HPV) presents a potential threat to the onset of carcinogenesis in the cervix, anogenital regions, and oropharynx. HPV encompasses over 200 types, with at least 12 having the potential to cause cancer, impacting the majority of sexually active individuals. In this current research, we explore the occurrence and spread of HPV genotypes.MATERIAL AND METHODS: During this cross-sectional study conducted in Sanandaj, Iran from Feb 2022 to Aug 2023, diverse samples including oral, vaginal, and genital were collected from individuals referred to private laboratories in Sanandaj, Iran. After sample collection and DNA extraction (FAVORGEN, Taiwan), they were subjected to PCR and genotyping (MehrViru, Iran). The subsequent statistical analysis unveiled infection rates across different demographics and age groups. STATA (version 17) were used for statistical analysis. We examined infection rates across demographics using t-tests and Odds Ratio.RESULTS: Overall, 26% (249) out of 950 cases tested positive for HPV, with 69% of these classified as high-risk. Among the examined population, 98% (933) were female, and 2% (17) were male. Females aged 31-40 exhibited the highest percentage of HPV prevalence (115/460) in the study with the majority of positive cases belonging to HR genotypes. The overall most frequent genotypes identified were 6, 16, 52, 53, 51, 58, and 56. HPV-16 exhibited the highest frequency among HR genotypes, accounting for 42 (17%) occurrences, followed by HPV-52 with a frequency of 32 (13%).CONCLUSION: Our findings emphasize the significant prevalence of HPV among females, particularly in the 21-30 age group. The identification of high-risk genotypes, underscores the importance of targeted interventions for specific age cohorts. The age-stratified analysis highlights a consistent predominance of high-risk HPV across age groups, indicating the need for age-specific preventive measures. These results contribute valuable information for designing effective screening and vaccination strategies, to alleviate the impact of diseases associated with HPV.",
-        "output": "Prevailing of HPV-16 and 52 genotype in 2022-2023 in Sanandaj, Iran.",
+        "input": "Abstract: A multi-analytical investigation and ad hoc sampling method designed to support the conservation treatment of a 16th-century panel painting are described in this work.The painting, titled Madonna of the Tent and owned by the Musei Reali Torino (Turin, Italy), had been historically attributed to Raffaello Sanzio and subsequently identified as a copy after the Master - the original version of which is displayed at the Alte Pinakothek in Munich (Germany). The conservation treatment was recently carried out at Centro per la Conservazione ed il Restauro dei Beni Culturali La Venaria Reale (CCR), located in Venaria Reale (Turin, Italy). The work was particularly opaque and yellowed, suggesting the presence of different overlaying varnishes and, likely, overpainting.The scientific study of this work had two main aims: knowing the exact number and composition of the overlaying varnishes to select the best cleaning solution, and detecting the possible presence of overpainting, over the original stratigraphy.Coupling macro X-ray fluorescence scanning (MA-XRF), hypercolorimetric multispectral imaging (HMI), and UV-vis-NIR fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) allowed for general mapping and characterization of color paints and pigments. Observing and analyzing some cross sections with an optical microscope under Vis and UV light and SEM/EDS was essential for understanding the stratigraphy. An ad hoc sampling method and further micro-invasive analyses were required for an accurate study of the chemical composition of the varnishes and their position in the stratigraphy. Especially the image of a cross section under UV light was a guide to selectively remove the scrapings for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analyses; based on perceptible differences in UV-induced luminescence (UVL) of the layers, sampling of the varnishes was carried out, layer by layer, under a UV lamp.This work describes the complex process necessary to answer crucial questions in the conservation field. The adopted protocol exploited the full ability and complementarity of each imaging and spot technique used. The outcomes and methodological approach enabled us to trace the history of the past treatments and support the recent conservation treatment of the painting.(c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Tracing the history of past treatments: A multi-analytical study of a 16th-century panel painting copy after Raphael",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Community food environments (CFEs) have a strong impact on child health and nutrition and this impact is currently negative in many areas. In the Republic of Argentina, there is a lack of research evaluating CFEs regionally and comprehensively by tools based on geographic information systems (GIS). This study aimed to characterize the spatial patterns of CFEs, through variables associated with its three dimensions (political, individual and environmental), and their association with the spatial distribution in urban localities in Argentina. CFEs were assessed in 657 localities with \u22655,000 inhabitants. Data on births and CFEs were obtained from nationally available open-source data and through remote sensing. The spatial distribution and presence of clusters were assessed using hotspot analysis, purely spatial analysis (SaTScan), Moran's Index, semivariograms and spatially restrained multivariate clustering. Clusters of low risk for LBW, macrosomia, and preterm births were observed in the central-east part of the country, while high-risk clusters identified in the North, Centre and South. In the central-eastern region, low-risk clusters were found coinciding with hotspots of public policy coverage, high night-time light, social security coverage and complete secondary education of the household head in areas with low risk for negative outcomes of the birth variables studied, with the opposite with regard to households with unsatisfied basic needs and predominant land use classes in peri-urban areas of crops and herbaceous cover. These results show that the exploration of spatial patterns of CFEs is a necessary preliminary step before developing explanatory models and generating novel findings valuable for decision-making.",
-        "output": "Spatial pattern analysis of the impact of community food environments on foetal macrosomia, preterm births and low birth weight.",
+        "input": "Abstract: In this article, I cite oral history narratives donated by people living and working at Safe Outdoor Spaces (SOS)-sanctioned campsites in Denver, Colorado-to propose that SOS sites (which follow a harm reductionist stance, offer physical safety, and are largely staffed by peer navigators) offer a model for oral history making that takes place daily and off the record. As oral history projects contribute to representational belonging in archives and historical records, we might also consider the ways in which oral history making can create a belonging that is lived, inherent, and literal. By framing SOS sites as one possible living model for oral history making, this article demonstrates how oral history might shape not only our future understanding of the past but also the way our society lives in the present.",
+        "output": "Literal Belonging: Safe Outdoor Spaces Modeling Oral History Making",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS) is effective for treating common cutaneous malignancies, but complex repairs may often present challenges for reconstruction. This paper explores the potential of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting in MMS, offering superior outcomes compared to traditional methods. 3D printing technologies show promise in advancing skin regeneration and refining surgical techniques in dermatologic surgery. A PubMed search was conducted using the following keywords: Three-dimensional bioprinting OR 3-D printing AND Mohs OR Mohs surgery OR Surgery. Peer-reviewed English articles discussing medical applications of 3D bioprinting were included, while non-peer-reviewed and non-English articles were excluded. Patients using 3D MMS models had lower anxiety scores (3.00 to 1.7, p<0.0001) and higher knowledge assessment scores (5.59 or 93.25% correct responses), indicating better understanding of their procedure. Surgical residents using 3D models demonstrated improved proficiency in flap reconstructions (p=0.002) and knowledge assessment (p=0.001). Additionally, 3D printing offers personalized patient care through tailored surgical guides and anatomical models, reducing intraoperative time while enhancing surgical. Concurrently, efforts in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are being explored as potential alternatives to address organ donor shortages, eliminating autografting needs. However, challenges like limited training and technological constraints persist. Integrating optical coherence tomography with 3D bioprinting may expedite grafting, but challenges remain in pre-printing grafts for complex cases. Regulatory and ethical considerations are paramount for patient safety, and further research is needed to understand long-term effects and cost-effectiveness. While promising, significant advancements are necessary for full utilization in MMS.",
-        "output": "3D bioprinting: a review and potential applications for Mohs micrographic surgery.",
+        "input": "Abstract: The devastating impact of youth mental health concerns is increasingly evident on a global scale. This crisis calls for innovative solutions that are sufficiently accessible, scalable, and cost-effective to support diverse communities around the world. One such solution involves engagement in the arts: incorporating and building upon existing local resources and cultural practices to bolster youth mental health. In this article, we describe the global youth mental health crisis and note major gaps in the knowledge and resources needed to address it. We then discuss the potential for arts- and culture-based strategies to help meet this challenge, review the mounting evidence regarding art's ability to support mental health, and call for action to undertake critical research and its translation into accessible community practices. Four steps are suggested: (1) elevate and prioritize youth voice, (2) develop core outcome measures, (3) identify and analyze successful models around the globe, and (4) generate clear funding pathways for research and translational efforts. Worldwide implementation of arts- and culture-based strategies to address youth mental health will provide critical resources to support the health, wellbeing and flourishing of countless youth across the globe.",
+        "output": "Supporting youth mental health with arts-based strategies: a global perspective",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: The development of digital technology and the sharing economy has extended corporations' innovative activities beyond the corporation's boundaries, so it has become more urgent to govern the lack of social responsibility and alienation of platform corporations from the perspective of social agents. First, the platform's CSR classification and social responsibility governance's main content are analyzed in this research. Then, this study uses government agencies, platform corporations, users, and the public as governance subjects and compares governance decisions with and without public and user oversight. Finally, the optimal balance strategy for each governing subject, the optimal trajectory of governance volume, and the trajectory of total revenue are obtained. The study found that: 1) Public and user supervision can improve the governance volume while encourage the governance motivation of government agencies and platform corporations. 2) The level of user supervision effort has a greater impact on the total governance revenue than public supervision. 3) The revenue of the system and the governance volume are greater in a centralized decision-making process, indicating that those involved should co-operate in governance based on the principle of mutual benefit. 4) The platform corporation has an incompatible but unified relationship between its social duty and financial success.",
-        "output": "Research on differential game of platform corporate social responsibility governance strategy considering user and public scrutiny",
+        "input": "Abstract: We estimated COVID-19 transmission potential and case burden by variant type in Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario, Canada, during January 23, 2020-January 27, 2022; we also estimated the effectiveness of public health interventions to reduce transmission. We estimated time-varying reproduction number (Rt) over 7-day sliding windows and nonoverlapping time-windows determined by timing of policy changes. We calculated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for each variant and compared rates to determine differences in burden among provinces. Rt corresponding with emergence of the Delta variant increased in all 3 provinces; British Columbia had the largest increase, 43.85% (95% credible interval [CrI] 40.71%-46.84%). Across the study period, IRR was highest for Omicron (8.74 [95% CrI 8.71-8.77]) and burden highest in Alberta (IRR1.80 [95% CrI 1.79-1.81]). Initiating public health interventions was associated with lower Rt and relaxing restrictions and emergence of new variants associated with increases in Rt.",
+        "output": "SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario, Canada, January 2020-January 2022.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Chloramphenicol (CAP) is an antibiotic that commonly pollutes the environment, and microorganisms primarily drive its degradation and transformation. Although several pathways for CAP degradation have been documented in different bacteria, multiple metabolic pathways in the same strain and their potential biological significance have not been revealed. In this study, Sphingobium WTD-1, which was isolated from activated sludge, can completely degrade 100mg/L CAP within 60h as the sole energy source. UPLC-HRMS and HPLC analyses showed that three different pathways, including acetylation, hydroxyl oxidation, and oxidation (C1-C2 bond cleavage), are responsible for the metabolism of CAP. Importantly, acetylation and C3 hydroxyl oxidation reduced the cytotoxicity of the substrate to strain WTD-1, and the C1-C2 bond fracture of CAP generated the metabolite p-nitrobenzoic acid (PNBA) to provide energy for its growth. This indicated that the synergistic action of three metabolic pathways caused WTD-1 to be adaptable and able to degrade high concentrations of CAP in the environment. This study deepens our understanding of the microbial degradation pathway of CAP and highlights the biological significance of the synergistic metabolism of antibiotic pollutants by multiple pathways in the same strain.",
-        "output": "Revealing the biological significance of multiple metabolic pathways of chloramphenicol by Sphingobium sp. WTD-1.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Objective: The Kahramanmaras earthquakes struck the north-eastern part of Turkiye and Syria on February 6, 2023. It is well known that timely coordination and provision of emergency medical care in the field is particularly important to save lives after earthquakes. This study aimed to identify the challenges faced by medical responders on the ground.Methods: This exploratory-descriptive qualitative study was conducted in Hatay, the province most affected by the earthquakes. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and field observations, and then analyzed using thematic analysis approach.Results: The study was carried out with 15 first responders from the medical profession. The study revealed 9 themes of challenges faced by medical responders: providing safety and security, human resources management, meeting personal needs, recording data, communication, patient transport, burial procedures, psychological acumen, and logistical problems. Some problems were resolved after 72 h and some continued until day 7.Conclusions: Inadequate organization of volunteer health workers, communication breakdowns, and logistical problems are some of the main challenges. To address these issues, satellite phones and radio systems can be promoted, as well as disaster-resilient logistical planning and better coordination of volunteers.",
+        "output": "Medical Response to the February 6, 2023, Earthquakes in Hatay: Challenges Faced in the Deadliest Disaster in the History of T\u00fcrkiye",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: In this Voices article we introduce seven impressive young group leaders who spoke at the recent Ringberg Workshop on Structural Biology organized by Ilme Schlichting from the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg. We asked them to tell us more about their careers and their exciting research.",
-        "output": "Introducing: Ulrich J. Lorenz, Radoslav I. Enchev, Clare F. Megarity, Helen Ginn, Patrick Rabe, Alice R. Walker, and Kartik Ayyer.",
+        "input": "Abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify the cost-utility ratio of the ranibizumab Port Delivery System (PDS; SUSVIMO) versus intravitreal ranibizumab injections for treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) based upon Archway Phase 3 Trial data.DESIGN: Cost-utility analysis.SUBJECTS: Archway Phase 3 Clinical Trial nAMD participants previously responsive to anti-VEGF therapy were randomized 3:2. Two hundred forty received PDS refills q 24 weeks and 162 received ranibizumab injections.METHODS: Ophthalmic patient, time tradeoff utilities, direct medical and societal cost perspectives, 12-year, 1-year, and 5-year timelines, United States 2022 real dollars, and a 3% annual discount rate were employed. Utilities were adjusted for nAMD conversion in fellow eyes during the 12-year, mean participant life expectancy. Premature death associated with severe vision loss was integrated as per the population-based Salisbury Eye Evaluation Study.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) accruals, costs, and incremental and average cost-utility ratios in $/QALY (dollars expended per QALY gained).RESULTS: Versus no therapy, the 1-year PDS QALY gain was 0.0156 (6.8%) versus 0.0063 (0.82%) for intravitreal injections (P < 0.001), whereas the respective 12-year QALY gains were 1.714 (28%) and 1.639 (26.8%) (P= 0.99). One-year direct PDS ophthalmic costs totaled $21 825 with 2 ranibizumab fills, whereas ranibizumab injection therapy totaled $18 405 with 11.8 injections. The 1-year incremental PDS $/QALY versus injections was cost effective at $75 497/QALY. Five-year PDS therapy was not incrementally cost effective at $304 108/QALY, nor was the 12-year therapy at $761 646/QALY. Average 12-year cost-utility ratios were $78773/QALY for the PDS and $47 917/QALY for injection therapy. Adding-$476 442 12-year offsetting societal costs netted $314 521 to society per PDS participant versus $370 958 per participant for injection therapy.CONCLUSIONS: Ranibizumab PDS therapy was not incrementally cost effective versus ranibizumab injection therapy at 12 or 5 years but was at 1 year. Injection therapy had a more favorable 12-year average cost-utility ratio. Vision gain was the major determinant of participant value gain and was the same for both interventions. Both interventions were highly cost effective utilizing average cost-utility analysis with the societal cost perspective.FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.",
+        "output": "Cost-Utility Analysis of the Port Delivery System with Ranibizumab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a rapid shift to online teaching, placing unprecedented demands on educators' physical and mental well-being. However, the relationship between English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' physical activity, emotion regulation, and competence for online teaching remains underexplored.OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the interplay between EFL teachers' physical activity, emotion regulation strategies, and competence for online teaching.RESULTS: Structural equation modeling revealed significant direct and indirect effects, indicating that physical activity positively influences emotion regulation, which, in turn, enhances teachers' competence for online instruction. Furthermore, emotion regulation was found to mediate the relationship between physical activity and online teaching competence.CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of promoting physical activity among EFL teachers as a means to enhance their emotion regulation skills and competence for online teaching, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.IMPLICATIONS: The study highlights the need for targeted interventions aimed at supporting EFL teachers' well-being and professional development, with implications for educational policies, teacher training programs, and institutional support structures in the digital learning landscape.",
-        "output": "A structural model of EFL teachers' physical activity, emotion regulation, and competence for online teaching.",
+        "input": "Abstract: In sand-dust weather, the influence of sand-dust particles on imaging equipment often results in images with color deviation, blurring, and low contrast, among other issues. These problems making many traditional image restoration methods unable to accurately estimate the semantic information of the images and consequently resulting in poor restoration of clear images. Most current image restoration methods in the field of deep learning are based on supervised learning, which requires pairing and labeling a large amount of data, and the possibility of manual annotation errors. In light of this, we propose an unsupervised sand-dust image restoration network. The overall model adopts an improved CycleGAN to fit unpaired sand-dust images. Firstly, multiscale skip connections in the multiscale cascaded attention module are used to enhance the feature fusion effect after downsampling. Secondly, multi-head convolutional attention with multiple input concatenations is employed, with each head using different kernel sizes to improve the ability to restore detail information. Finally, the adaptive decoder-encoder module is used to achieve adaptive fitting of the model and output the restored image. According to the experiments conducted on the dataset, the qualitative and quantitative indicators of USIR-Net are superior to the selected comparison algorithms, furthermore, in additional experiments conducted on haze removal and underwater image enhancement, we have demonstrated the wide applicability of our model.",
+        "output": "USIR-Net: sand-dust image restoration based on unsupervised learning",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: This essay explores how Iceland, a newly independent state on the northern European periphery, responded to the international agenda for post-war stabilisation set out by economic experts after the turmoil of the First World War. It shows that the government of the so-called Austerity Alliance, led by J & oacute;n & THORN;orl & aacute;ksson, adopted austerity policies devised at the international financial conferences in Brussels (1920) and Genoa (1922). To please external experts and creditors, it implemented a comprehensive fiscal and monetary policy of austerity and created a new central bank that was independent of politics. The aim, however, was not to divorce markets from government in a return to a pre-war era of laissez-faire as the scholarly literature suggests. Offering the first analysis of 'the Icelandic business cycle', the & THORN;orl & aacute;ksson government enforced austerity by carving out 'the economy' - a measurable entity legible to expert management - that greatly expanded the role of the state.",
-        "output": "Engineering the Economy through Austerity: The Influence of International Economic Expertise in Iceland after the First World War",
+        "input": "Abstract: J. L. Austin argues that ordinary language should be used to identify when it is appropriate or inappropriate to make, accept, or reject knowledge claims. I criticize Austin's account. In our ordinary life, we often accept justifications rooted in racism, sexism, ableism, and classism as reasons to dismiss knowledge claims or challenges, despite the fact such reasons are not good reasons. Austin's Ordinary Language Epistemology (OLE) inadvertently classifies the discounting of knowledge claims in classic cases of epistemic injustice as legitimate ordinary maneuvers. I provide recommendations for revision of OLE and offer a means of distinguishing between dismissals in cases of epistemic injustice and their legitimate counterparts.",
+        "output": "An Epistemic Injustice Critique of Austin's Ordinary Language Epistemology",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: The Russian government has long since engaged in an information campaign of propaganda and disinformation as a major part of foreign policy. This has been taken to new heights since the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. In this study, we investigate pro-Russian misinformation within the opening weeks of the invasion in 6 languages: English, Japanese, Spanish, French, German, and Korean. Using Twitter data, we apply a combination of network and language embedding models to identify popular topics of misinformation amongst users in each language. Despite English users forming the most dominant language base on Twitter, we find that the popularity of misinformation in Japanese regularly outstrips English for certain topics. Misinformation shared by Spanish users is also over-represented in proportion to its much smaller user base. Our results provide insight into the current state of misinformation in each language. While we discuss some of the possible drivers behind the factors such as language over-representation, our study also highlights the need for further cross-lingual misinformation research in order to better understand this phenomena in a truly global context.",
-        "output": "A multilingual analysis of pro Russian misinformation on Twitter during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.",
+        "input": "Abstract: QUBO (quadratic unconstrained binary optimization) has become the modeling language for quantum annealing and quantum-inspired annealing solvers. We present different approaches in QUBO for the magic square problem and the quadratic assignment problem (QAP), which can be modeled by linear equations and a permutation constraint over integer variables. Different ways of encoding integers by Booleans in QUBO amount to models, the implementation of which could have very different performance. Experiments performed on the Fixstars Amplify Annealer Engine, a quantum-inspired annealing solver, show that, compared to the classical one-hot encoding, using unary encoding for integers performs slightly better for the QAP and much better for magic square.",
+        "output": "Comparing QUBO models for quantum annealing: integer encodings for permutation problems",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) and Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) Joint Cerebrovascular (CV) Section serves as a centralized entity for the dissemination of information related to CV neurosurgery. The quality of scientific conferences, such as the CV Section's Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery Annual Meeting, can be gauged by the number of poster and oral presentations that are published in peer-reviewed journals. However, publication rates from the CV Section's meetings are unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the rate at which abstracts presented at the AANS/CNS CV Section Annual Meeting from 2014 to 2018 were subsequently published in peer-reviewed journals.METHODS: The abstract titles for all accepted poster and oral podium presentation abstracts from the 2014-2018 Annual Joint AANS/CNS CV Section Meetings were searched using PubMed. A match was defined as sufficient similarity between the abstract and its corresponding journal publication with regard to title, authors, methods, and results. Five-year impact factors (IFs) from Journal Citation Reports (JCR), the country of the corresponding author, and the number of citations in the Scopus database were obtained using the articles' digital object identifier when available, or the exact article title, journal, and year of publication.RESULTS: Of the 607 total poster and oral presentations from the 2014-2018 Annual Meetings of the AANS/CNS Joint CV Section, 46.29% (n = 281) have been published. Published articles received 3233 total citations for an average number of citations per article (\u00b1 SD) of 10.89 \u00b1 16.37. The average 5-year JCR IF of published studies was 4.64 \u00b1 3.13. Additionally, 98.22% of published abstracts were in publication within 4 years from the time the abstract was presented. The most common peer-reviewed neurosurgical journals featuring these publications were the Journal of Neurosurgery, World Neurosurgery, the Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Neurosurgery, and the Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.CONCLUSIONS: Nearly half of all poster and oral presentations at the annual meetings of the AANS/CNS Joint CV Section from 2014 to 2018 have been published in PubMed-indexed, peer-reviewed journals. The average number of citations per publication (10.89 \u00b1 16.37) reflects the high quality of abstracts accepted for presentation. It is important to continuously assess the quality of research presented at national conferences to ensure that standards are being maintained for the advancement of clinical practice in a given area of medicine. Conference abstract publication rates in peer-reviewed journals represent a way in which research quality can be gauged, and the authors encourage others to conduct similar investigations in their subspecialty area of interest and/or practice.",
-        "output": "Publication patterns of posters and oral presentations at the Annual Meeting of the Joint AANS/CNS Cerebrovascular Section.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Philosophers debate about which logical system, if any, is the One True Logic. This involves a disagreement concerning the sufficient conditions that may single out the correct logic among various candidates. This paper discusses whether there are necessary conditions for the correct logic; that is, I discuss whether there are features such that if a logic is correct, then it has those features, although having them might not be sufficient to single out the correct logic. Traditional rationalist arguments suggest that the necessary conditions of thought are necessary and sufficient conditions singling out the correct logical and mathematical theories. In the contemporary debate, Chalmers advocates a view along this line. Jago, analogously, suggests that the necessary conditions for thought-or, as he calls them, our basic epistemic expectations-single out a family of logical and mathematical theories. Warren and Williamson, on the other hand, argue that there are no necessary conditions of thought. I argue that there are necessary conditions for thought, and these are necessary but not sufficient conditions to be the correct logic; indeed, these are features that all logics-correct or incorrect-share. No view we can understand is ruled out by the necessary conditions for thought, but we cannot understand quite any view. Human linguistic and conceptual abilities are genetically constrained, and these constraints are our best guide to the boundaries of logic. Arguing for this, I tackle two dogmas of modern rationalism: namely, the view that the biological constraints of human cognition have no bearing on the boundaries of the epistemic space, and the view that the boundaries of thought coincide with the boundaries of language.",
+        "output": "Experiment-driven rationalism",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Key tipping points of history are rarely found directly in the archaeological record, not least because an event's significance often lies in the perception of the participants. This article documents an early-ninth-century ritual fire-burning event at the Maya site of Ucanal in Guatemala and argues that it marked a public dismantling of an old regime. Rather than examine this event as part of a Classic period Maya collapse, the authors propose that it was a revolutionary pivot point around which the K'anwitznal polity reinvented itself, ushering in wider political transitions in the southern Maya Lowlands.",
-        "output": "A pivot point in Maya history: fire-burning event at K'anwitznal (Ucanal) and the making of a new era of political rule",
+        "input": "Abstract: With increasing uncertainty and ambiguity in the external business environment, the risks and challenges faced by enterprises also increase accordingly; resilience has become a necessary characteristic for the evolution and upgrading of enterprise innovation systems, and improving enterprise innovation resilience becomes the key for enterprises to establish sustainable competitive advantages and achieve sustainable development. Based on the panel data of Chinese listed companies and cities, we employ the common factor method to measure enterprise innovation resilience and explore the impact of transportation infrastructure construction on enterprise innovation resilience. The results reveal that, firstly, enterprise innovation resilience shows an overall upward trend, but there is a certain degree of temporal-spatial and industrial disparity. Secondly, transportation infrastructure construction, represented by HSR opening, can significantly improve enterprise innovation resilience. However, this effect performs the following heterogeneity: (1) Regionally, the promotion effect is more obvious in eastern regions, central cities, and non-central cities within 107 km and 764 km away from the central city. (2) For enterprises, compared to state-owned enterprises and non-high-tech industries, transportation infrastructure construction has a greater effect in non-state-owned enterprises and high-tech industries. (3) The higher the degree of centrality and closeness centrality, the more obvious the promotion effect of transportation infrastructure construction. Finally, mechanism tests show that enterprise resource acquisition and resource allocation abilities are important channels for transportation infrastructure construction, to enhance enterprise innovation resilience.",
+        "output": "Does Transportation Infrastructure Construction Enhance Enterprise Innovation Resilience in China?",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Exposure to cigarette smoke introduces a large amount of nicotine into the bloodstream through the lungs. So, smoking can be a risk factor for many diseases. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of active and passive cigarette smoke on the blood lipid profile and dyslipidemia.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 5052 individuals who participated in the recruitment phase of the Shahedieh cohort study. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the relationship between smoking exposure status and lipid profiles.RESULTS: The prevalence of abnormal low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), abnormal HDL-C, abnormal total cholesterol (TC), abnormal triglyceride (TG), and dyslipidemia were 254 (5.00%), 562 (11.10%), 470 (9.30%), 1008 (20.00%), and 1527 (30.20%), respectively. Adjusting for confounders, it was observed that current smokers had higher odds of having abnormal HDL-C [OR (95% CI), 2.90 (2.28-3.69)], abnormal TG [OR (95% CI), 1.71 (1.38-2.13)] and dyslipidemia [OR (95% CI), 1.86 (1.53-2.25)]. Ex-smokers also had greater odds of abnormal HDL-C [OR (95% CI), 1.51 (1.06-2.16)] compared to non-smokers who were not exposed to cigarette smoke.CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicated that current smokers had higher TG and lower HDL. So, necessary measures should be taken to reduce smoking. The findings also showed that the prevalence of abnormal TG and HDL in ex-smokers was lower than in current smokers. Therefore, the existence of incentive policies to quit smoking seems necessary.",
-        "output": "Association between lipid profiles and cigarette smoke among adults in the Persian cohort (Shahedieh) study.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Background Rural populations consistently experience a disproportionate burden of cancer, including higher incidence and mortality rates, compared to the urban populations. Factors that are thought to contribute to these disparities include limited or lack of access to care and challenges with care coordination (CC). In Hawaii, many patients residing in rural areas experience unique challenges with CC as they require inter-island travel for their cancer treatment. In this focus group study, we explored the specific challenges and positive experiences that impact the CC in rural Hawaii cancer patients.Methods We conducted two semi-structured focus group interviews with cancer patients receiving active treatment for any type of cancer (n = 8). The participants were recruited from the rural areas of Hawaii, specifically the Hawaii county and Kauai. Rural was defined using the Rural-Urban Commuting Area Codes (RUCA; rural >= 4). The focus group discussions were facilitated using open-ended questions to explore patients' experiences with CC.Results Content analysis revealed that 47% of the discussions were related to CC-related challenges, including access to care (27.3%), insurance (9.1%), inter-island travel (6.1%), and medical literacy (4.5%). Other major themes from the discussions focused on facilitators of CC (30.3%), including the use of electronic patient portal (12.1%), team-based approach (9.1%), family caregiver support (4.5%), and local clinic staff (4.5%).Conclusion Our findings indicate that there are notable challenges in rural patients' experiences regarding their cancer care coordination. Specific factors such as the lack of oncologist and oncology services, fragmented system, and the lack of local general medical providers contribute to problems with access to care. However, there are also positive factors found through the help of facilitators of CC, notability the use of electronic patient portal, team-based approach, family caregiver support, and local clinic staff. These findings highlight potential targets of interventions to improve cancer care delivery for rural patients.Trial Registration Not required.",
+        "output": "Cancer care coordination in rural Hawaii: a focus group study",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Washington State legislators have attempted to regulate high delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabis to reduce cannabis-related harms. Historically, industry actors of other health-compromising products have influenced governments' adoption of evidence-based regulation policies. A better understanding of the industry rhetoric can be used by public health advocates to develop counterarguments and disseminate alternative narratives that protect the public's health. We analyzed the arguments used by cannabis industry actors opposing regulations to de-incentivize the availability and use of high-THC products in Washington State.METHOD: We analyzed 41 testimonies transcribed from 33 cannabis industry actors in 3 public bill hearings and one legislative work session that occurred between 2020 and 2023. Using a deductive thematic analysis, informed by industry actors' arguments opposing regulation of alcohol, tobacco, and high-sugar beverages, we developed a codebook to analyze and identify themes within cannabis industry rhetorical strategies.RESULTS: We identified three main rhetorical strategies used by cannabis industry actors to oppose THC content regulation: threaten, distract, discredit. The most frequently used rhetorical strategy was threats to economic benefits, public health, and the will of the people. The other two most apparent strategies were distracting from the bill's focus by introducing a tangential topic and discrediting the science that supported regulation of cannabis products with high THC concentration or its advocates.CONCLUSIONS: Cannabis industry actors have leveraged several arguments used by industry actors of other health-compromising products to undermine initiatives to advance public health. They have also adapted rhetoric from other industries to the unique conditions of the cannabis regulatory landscape.",
-        "output": "Threaten, Distract, and Discredit: Cannabis Industry Rhetoric to Defeat Regulation of High-THC Cannabis Products in Washington State.",
+        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: Gaze following difficulties are considered an early marker of autism, thought likely to cumulatively impact the development of social cognition, language and social skills. Subtle differences in gaze following abilities may contribute to the diverse range social and communicative autistic characteristics observed across people with genetic syndromes, such as Cornelia de Lange (CdLS) and fragile X (FXS) syndromes.AIMS: To compare profiles of 1) visual attention to the eye region at critical points of the attention direction process, 2) whether children follow the gaze cue to the object, and 3) participant looking time to the target object following the gaze cue between groups and conditions.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children with CdLS (N=11) and FXS (N=8) and autistic (N=22) and neurotypical (N=15) children took part in a passive viewing paradigm adapted from Senju and Csibra (2008), in which videos of a central cue (ball/cartoon face/human face) directed attention towards one of two objects. Visual attention patterns were recorded via eye tracking technology.RESULTS: Neurotypical children were used as a reference group against which the autistic, CdLS and FXS groups were compared. Although autistic children looked at the eye region for significantly less time, they looked at the target object as frequently and for a similar duration as neurotypical children. Children with FXS looked at the target as frequently as neurotypical children but looked at it for comparatively less time. Both neurotypical children and children with CdLS frequently looked at the eye region, but children with CdLS were less likely to look at the target than neurotypical children.CONCLUSIONS: Findings provide preliminary evidence of unique patterns of visual attention and gaze following strategies in children with CdLS, children with FXS and autistic children. These unique gaze following patterns may underpin the distinct profiles of social and communication autistic traits observed between these groups.",
+        "output": "Visual attention patterns during a gaze following task in neurogenetic syndromes associated with unique profiles of autistic traits: Fragile X and Cornelia de Lange syndromes.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: In this article, we study the problem of recovering sparse spikes with over-parametrized projected descent. We first provide a theoretical study of approximate recovery with our chosen initialization method: Continuous Orthogonal Matching Pursuit without Sliding. Then we study the effect of over-parametrization on the gradient descent which highlights the benefits of the projection step. Finally, we show the improved calculation times of our algorithm compared to state-of-the-art model-based methods on realistic simulated microscopy data.",
-        "output": "Estimation of off-the grid sparse spikes with over-parametrized projected gradient descent: theory and application",
+        "input": "Abstract: Automaticity, an essential skill attribute, develops when an activity is performed without requiring attention. Despite its importance, little is known about the implications of automaticity in the construction industry. To address this gap, this study investigated the development of automaticity during a repetitive construction task. Recruiting 28 subjects to participate in a laboratory roofing-installation experiment repeated across four trial days, this study examined traditional metrics of the primary (installation) task's duration and accuracy as well as nontraditional metrics of a concurrent secondary (memory) task's score to examine performance measures diagnostically indicative of automaticity. The results revealed that there were significant improvements in the primary task's mean duration and accuracy and the secondary task's mean performance score from the experiment's first trial day to every other day, an indication that, with repeated practice, automaticity-induced performance improves. Because these automatic performance measures provide an index for evaluating feature-based improvements indicative of automaticity, this study argues that such performance measures capture automaticity developing during repetitive construction activities. Given that practitioners are interested in training workers to achieve automaticity to increase their productivity and multitasking skills, the results of this study provide methods for testing training effectiveness and the extent to which workers have developed automaticity.",
+        "output": "Application of Automaticity Theory in Construction",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: The use of soil microarthropods as indicators of soil pollution in home gardens of an industrial area has been covered in this study. Soil samples were collected from 25 home gardens in three zones in Eloor during summer and North East monsoon from 2014 to 2018, for the study of soil microarthropods, soil properties, soil nutrients, and trace elements. The relationships among QBS-ar, microarthropod abundance, soil properties, and soil nutrients, were used to estimate the pollution hazard of the industrial area. The microarthropods present in the study area were Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diplopoda, and Araneae. A prominent study area feature was the absence of Collembola and Acari. The QBS-ar index score in these regions showed that the home gardens located adjacent to the industrial area showed low soil quality, with soil quality class values ranging from 1 to 2 throughout the study period. Discriminant analysis of soil nutrients with soil properties and microarthropod abundance showed that in Zone 1 and Zone 2, the data in 2018 was very well discriminated compared to other years. The hazard assessment in the Eloor region showed various levels of hazard zonation: Zone 1 with high-hazard and medium-hazard areas, Zone 2 with medium-hazard areas, and Zone 3 with low- and medium-hazard areas. The study is one of the first kinds that have used QBS-ar scores and soil properties along with soil nutrients and trace elements for estimating the level of hazard in home garden agroecosystems and thus points to an easy, simple, and practical approach in the monitoring and management of soil ecosystems.",
-        "output": "Hazard estimation in urban home garden soils in an industrial area using microarthropods, soil properties and GIS modelling: an integrated approach.",
+        "input": "Abstract: This essay contrasts and explores the complementarity between routinizing modes of valuation (relating money tokens to monetary value) that predominate in the contemporary global north with scrutinizing modes found in the past and on the periphery of more familiar forms. The former treat the relationship between pecuniary media and money value as independent from the physical condition of specific money tokens which are held to be universally fungible. By contrast, the latter foreground the characteristics of notes and coins as singularized objects that exist within and are potentially reconfigured semiotically by the workings of time upon their physical surfaces. Scrutinizing modes may in turn be divided between systems that seek pristine money tokens that elide their own historicity and those that treat wear and tear as indexical of previous instances of successful valuation. Ultimately the essay identifies three provisional ideal typical modes for practices of money's valuation. Two of these, the systems of routinization in the contemporary global north and of circulation-focal scrutinization, might be taken to be antithetical. By contrast, the third, the hybrid routinizing-scrutinizing model(s) we encounter on the peripheries of the contemporary state-money system or anywhere confidence about money's value starts to break down highlights the potential coexistence and complementarity of different monies within a single disjunctive system. Such complementarity often takes the form of routinized low value and scrutinized high value currencies, yet local, historically sedimented practices are foremost in the formation of such hybrid forms. Examples are drawn from nineteenth century America and China and from contemporary Southeast Asia.",
+        "output": "Routinizing and scrutinizing: Divergent yet potentially complementary modes of valuing money's material forms",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Coastal seas are important pools of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) discharged from land. Considering the complex conditions in coastal seas and various biochemical features of POPs, special temporal-spatial variations in POPs have been reported. To understand these variations, we developed a three-dimensional hydrodynamic-ecosystem-POP coupled model and applied it to the Yellow Sea. We selected two POP species (polychlorinated biphenyl congener 153 (PCB-153) and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209)), which have different biochemical properties, as target materials. The dissolved PCB-153 simulated concentration was high in late spring and low in autumn, whereas that of BDE-209 was high in summer and low in winter. Both PCB-153 and BDE-209 showed high particle-bound concentrations in early spring. In summer, dissolved PCB-153 accumulated at the sea bottom, whereas dissolved BDE-209 accumulated at the sea surface. Seasonal and spatial variation differences in the two POPs are likely caused by greater Henry's Law Constant (H') and bioconcentration factor (BCF) of PCB-153 than that of BDE-209, which leads to higher volatilization and stronger absorption by the particles for PCB-153 than BDE-209. As a component of such differences, the biological pump of PCB-153 in the central Yellow Sea is more apparent than that of BDE-209.",
-        "output": "Effect of hydrodynamic and ecosystem conditions on persistent organic pollutant temporal-spatial variations in the Yellow Sea.",
+        "input": "Abstract: AB705 is a landmark higher education policy that has changed approaches to developmental/remedial education in the California Community College system. We study one district that implemented reforms by placing most students in transfer-level math/English courses and encouraging enrollment in support courses based on multiple measures of academic preparation (e.g., grade point average [GPA]). We use regression discontinuity designs to examine the impact of these new placement recommendations, finding some benefits to English support course recommendations for low GPA students and increased math support course enrollment. We use matching methods to explore the relationship between support course enrollment and subsequent outcomes; finding enrollment in concurrent math and English support courses was associated with increased likelihood of completing transfer-level math and English.",
+        "output": "Use and Effectiveness of Academic Supports After Developmental Education Reform in California's Community Colleges",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: A unified and modular falsification-aware single-succedent Gentzen-style framework is introduced for classical, paradefinite, paraconsistent, and paracomplete logics. This framework is composed of two special inference rules, referred to as the rules of explosion and excluded middle, which correspond to the principle of explosion and the law of excluded middle, respectively. Similar to the cut rule in Gentzen's LK for classical logic, these rules are admissible in cut-free LK. A falsification-aware single-succedent Gentzen-style sequent calculus fsCL for classical logic is formalized based on the proposed framework. The calculus fsCL is obtained from the existing falsification-aware single-succedent Gentzen-style sequent calculus GN4 for Nelson's paradefinite (or paraconsistent) four-valued logic N4 by adding the rules of explosion and excluded middle. A falsification-aware single-succedent Gentzen-style sequent calculus GN3 for Nelson's paracomplete three-valued logic N3 is also obtained from GN4 by adding the rule of explosion. The cut-elimination theorems for fsCL, GN3, and some of their neighbors as well as the Glivenko theorem for fsCL are proved.",
-        "output": "Rules of Explosion and Excluded Middle: Constructing a Unified Single-Succedent Gentzen-Style Framework for Classical, Paradefinite, Paraconsistent, and Paracomplete Logics",
+        "input": "Abstract: Bi-2212 superconducting round wire is one of the candidates for the development of magnets with fields largely above 20 T. One of the most crucial aspects is the possible wire degradation occurring in the cabling process, a mandatory step to achieve a very high current and essential for high field magnets. Here we report a general study on the performance's behaviour of Bi-2212 round wires following a deformation similar to that arising during the cabling assembly. Furthermore, we propose a preliminary 2D Finite Element Model to simulate the mechanical deformation that can be valuable to gain useful information for the development of high-quality cables. In the end, Bi-2212 wires we made and test don't show degradation, consistently with the results of the proposed model which confirms the reliability of the adopted assumptions.",
+        "output": "Analysis of the Flattening on Bi-2212 Wires Due to the Cabling Process and Its Effect on Their Performances",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: What is the connection between the cultural evolution of a language and the rapid processing response to that language in the brains of individual learners? In an iterated communication study that was conducted previously, participants were asked to communicate temporal concepts such as tomorrow, day after, year, and past using vertical movements recorded on a touch screen. Over time, participants developed simple artificial 'languages' that used space metaphorically to communicate in nuanced ways about time. Some conventions appeared rapidly and universally (e.g., using larger vertical movements to convey greater temporal durations). Other conventions required extensive social interaction and exhibited idiosyncratic variation (e.g., using vertical location to convey past or future). Here we investigate whether the brain's response during acquisition of such a language reflects the process by which the language's conventions originally evolved. We recorded participants' EEG as they learned one of these artificial space-time languages. Overall, the brain response to this artificial communication system was language-like, with, for instance, violations to the system's conventions eliciting an N400-like component. Over the course of learning, participants' brain responses developed in ways that paralleled the process by which the language had originally evolved, with early neural sensitivity to violations of a rapidly-evolving universal convention, and slowly developing neural sensitivity to an idiosyncratic convention that required slow social negotiation to emerge. This study opens up exciting avenues of future work to disentangle how neural biases influence learning and transmission in the emergence of structure in language.",
-        "output": "Brain responses to a lab-evolved artificial language with space-time metaphors",
+        "input": "Abstract: In this paper, we use differential forms to prove a number of theorems of integral vector calculus that are rarely found in textbooks. Two of them, as far as the author knows, have not been published before. Some possible applications to problems in physics are shared including a general approach for computing net forces and torques on current-carrying loops that yields insights that are not evident from the standard approach.",
+        "output": "Recovering seldom-used theorems of vector calculus and their application to problems of electromagnetism",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: This paper aims to interrogate the design studio conversations between teachers and students in order to explore the indicators regarding empathy. To investigate design conversations occurring between design teachers and design students, participant observation studies were conducted at two universities in Finland and Turkey. As an empathic indicator, we addressed (1) how design teachers take the perspective of other agencies and (2) what deliveries are utilised for empathic perspective-taking. It was understood that design teachers identify themselves with both human and non-human agencies as design students, users and materials. Moreover, deliveries leading to the identification of design teachers with these agencies included both discursive and performative means.",
-        "output": "Eliciting Empathy Embedded in Design Conversations: Empathic Perspective-Taking of Design Teachers Towards Design Students, Users and Materials",
+        "input": "Abstract: Domestic wastewaters contaminated with N-nitrosamines pose a significant threat to river ecosystems worldwide, particularly in urban areas with riparian cities. Despite widespread concern, the precise impact of these contaminants on receiving river waters remains uncertain. This study investigated eight N-nitrosamines in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and their adjacent receiving river, the Lijiang River in Guilin City, Southwest China. By analyzing thirty wastewater samples from five full-scale WWTPs and twenty-three river water samples from Guilin, we quantified the mass loads of N-nitrosamines discharged into the surrounding watershed via domestic effluents. The results revealed that N-nitrosodimethylamine (10-60 ng/L), N-nitro- sodiethylamine (3.4-22 ng/L), and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (not detected-4.5 ng/g) were predominant in influents, effluents, and sludge, respectively, with the overall removal efficiencies ranging from 17.7 to 65.6% during wastewater treatment. Cyclic activated sludge system and ultraviolet disinfection were effective in removing N-nitrosamines (rates of 59.6% and 24.3%), while chlorine dioxide disinfection promoted their formation. A total of 30.4 g/day of N-nitrosamine mass loads were observed in the Lijiang River water, with domestic effluents contributing about 31.3% (19.4 g/day), followed by livestock breeding wastewater (34.5%, 12.0 g/day), and unknown sources (24.7%, 7.5 g/day). These findings highlight the critical role of WWTPs in transporting N- nitrosamines to watersheds and emphasize the urgent need for further investigation into other potential sources of N-nitrosamine pollution within watersheds.",
+        "output": "Occurrence and fate of N-nitrosamines in full-scale domestic wastewater treatment plants and their impact on receiving waters along the Lijiang River, China",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is the second most deadly infectious disease after COVID-19 and the 13th leading cause of death worldwide. Among the 30 countries with a high burden of TB, China ranks third in the estimated number of TB cases. China is in the top four of 75 countries with a deficit in funding for TB strategic plans. To reduce costs and improve the effectiveness of TB treatment in China, the NHSA developed an innovative BP method. This study aimed to simulate the effects of this payment approach on different stakeholders, reduce the economic burden on TB patients, improve the quality of medical services, facilitate policy optimization, and offer a model for health care payment reforms that can be referenced by other regions throughout the world.METHODS: We developed a simulation model based on a decision tree analysis to project the expected effects of the payment method on the potential financial impacts on different stakeholders. Our analysis mainly focused on comparing changes in health care costs before and after receiving BPs for TB patients with Medicare in the pilot areas. The data that were used for the analysis included the TB service claim records for 2019-2021 from the health insurance agency, TB prevalence data from the local Centre for Disease Control, and health care facilities' revenue and expenditure data from the Statistic Yearbook. A Monte Carlo randomized simulation model was used to estimate the results.RESULTS: After adopting the innovative BP method, for each TB patient per year, the total annual expenditure was estimated to decrease from $2,523.28 to $2,088.89, which is a reduction of $434.39 (17.22%). The TB patient out-of-pocket expenditure was expected to decrease from $1,249.02 to $1,034.00, which is a reduction of $215.02 (17.22%). The health care provider's revenue decreased from $2,523.28 to $2,308.26, but the health care provider/institution's revenue-expenditure ratio increased from -6.09% to 9.50%.CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the potential of BPs to improve medical outcomes and control the costs associated with TB treatment. It demonstrates its feasibility and advantages in enhancing the coordination and sustainability of medical services, thus offering valuable insights for global health care payment reform.",
-        "output": "Impact of an innovative bundled payment to TB health care providers in China: an economic simulation analysis.",
+        "input": "Abstract: This study describes a multi-proxy approach toward a newly discovered open-air loess site, Ertash Sai 2, located in the western piedmonts of the Tian Shan in Uzbekistan. Technological analyzes enabled the identification of an asymmetric core reduction scheme accompanied by a Levallois-like predetermined knapping scheme, along with the production of truncated-faceted pieces and burin-cores. Moreover, the results show a direct relationship between the presence of truncated-faceted pieces or burin-cores and both core reduction schemes, as long as truncated-faceted pieces were mostly produced from debordant blades and flakes. Chronostratigraphic studies enabled the precise chronology of the assemblage to be determined as 68-57 ka BP. This raises questions about the origins of traits usually associated with the Initial Upper Palaeolithic in Central Asia and their roots in local Levallois-based assemblages.",
+        "output": "New Data for Asymmetric Core Reduction in Western Tian Shan Piedmonts: The Ertash Sai 2 Open-Air Site",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: The adoption of AI-powered systems in healthcare has revolutionized the field by introducing autonomous diagnostics and predictions, though it remains a source of debate due to its disruptive nature. This research utilizes the holistic model of stress to empirically examine the effects of six techno-stressors on both techno-eustress and techno-distress among users in the healthcare sector. Data for this research was collected from 224 participants through an e-survey distributed across diverse sources. The findings reveal intriguing insights, highlighting the emergence of techno-unpredictability as a potential new techno-stressor within the context of AI-powered systems in healthcare. With this newfound understanding, healthcare specialists and organizations can stay one step ahead, better equipped to address and navigate the complexities of emerging stressors for enhanced well-being, patient care and safety.",
-        "output": "Navigating AI unpredictability: Exploring technostress in AI-powered healthcare systems",
+        "input": "Abstract: Rapid tourism growth in small towns of unique cultural heritage often leads to sudden building renovation and infrastructure expansion, which can compromise their attractiveness. The typically under-resourced urban planning departments of the Global South face a complicated task in establishing planning regulations that can preserve a town's identity while accommodating these rapid transformations. This requires a delicate regulatory equilibrium - too restrictive an urban plan could hinder investment and local growth, while a less restricted approach risks destroying a town's heritage, identity, and touristic appeal. This study presents a randomised controlled trial in which residents and tourists rate a town's visual identity using photo simulations of 27 different planning regulation scenarios, drawing from a real-life conservation plan on the island of Chiloe (Chile). We test the effectiveness of this method for identifying which building regulations are relevant for preserving a town's identity. This low-cost and rapidly implemented method may complement the work of urban planners in setting the regulatory framework for conservation.",
+        "output": "Preserving enough? A randomised controlled trial approach to determine relevant urban planning regulations for small touristic towns - A case of Chiloe, Chile",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: The goal of the project accounted in the present article was to produce a perfect replica of the mummy of Pharaoh Ramses II with organic and sustainable materials and to let it be displayed without a showcase and even touched by visitors in a museum. The replica was produced by an integrated team of experts through 3D modeling and handcraft. The mummy was the core of the exhibition entitled The mummy of Ramses. The immortal pharaoh visited by more than 50 0 0 people for four months (68 opening days). The interaction of visitors with the touchable embalmed body was thus studied, as well as the preservation state of the recreated mummified skin. The results of such an experience are illustrated hereby. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )",
-        "output": "Caress the pharaoh. The tactile reproduction of Ramses II's mummy in the Sapienza University Museum of the Near East, Egypt and Mediterranean",
+        "input": "Abstract: Innovation in healthcare and biomedicine is in decline, yet there exist no widely-known alternatives to traditional brainstorming that can be employed for innovative idea generation. McCaffrey's Innovation Enhancing Techniques (IETs) were developed to enhance creative problem-solving by helping the solver to overcome common psychological obstacles to generating innovative ideas. These techniques were devised for engineering and design problems, which involve solving practical goals using physical materials. Healthcare and science problems however often involve solving abstract goals using intangible resources. Here we adapt two of McCaffrey's IETs, BrainSwarming and the Generic Parts Technique, to effectively enhance idea generation for such problems. To demonstrate their potential, we apply these techniques to a case study involving the use of blockchain technologies to facilitate ethical goals in biomedicine, and successfully identify 100 potential solutions to this problem. Being simple to understand and easy to implement, these and other IETs have significant potential to improve innovation and idea generation in healthcare, scientific, and technological contexts. By catalysing idea generation in problem-solving, these techniques may be used to target the innovative stagnation currently facing the scientific world.",
+        "output": "BrainSwarming, blockchain, and bioethics: applying Innovation Enhancing Techniques to healthcare and research",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Industrial cities are hotspots for many hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), which are detrimental to human health. We devised an identification method to determine priority HAP monitoring areas using a comprehensive approach involving monitoring, modeling, and demographics. The methodology to identify the priority HAP monitoring area consists of two parts: (1) mapping the spatial distribution of selected categories relevant to the target pollutant and (2) integrating the distribution maps of various categories and subsequent scoring. The identification method was applied in Ulsan, the largest industrial city in South Korea, to identify priority HAP monitoring areas. Four categories related to HAPs were used in the method: (1) concentrations of HAPs, (2) amount of HAP emissions, (3) the contribution of industrial activities, and (4) population density in the city. This method can be used to select priority HAP monitoring areas for intensive monitoring campaigns, cohort studies, and epidemiological studies.",
-        "output": "Geographic information system-based determination of priority monitoring areas for hazardous air pollutants in an industrial city.",
+        "input": "Abstract: This article explores the European Union's (EU's) assistance to Ukraine through the lens of critical geopolitics with a view to ascertaining whether the EU has become more geopolitical in its thinking and actions towards Eastern Europe. Our findings point to a mixed picture. Whilst the EU 'mindscape' appears to have shifted in relation to Eastern Europe, Ukraine and itself as an actor in the region, it is less apparent that the EU's foreign and security policy action has become geopoliticised. The 2022 Russian invasion has certainly seen a step change from the hesitant and self-conscious approach that characterised the EU's engagement with Eastern Europe prior to 2022. However, declarations such as that by the High Representative and Vice President of the European Commission (HRVP) around the 'birth of geopolitical Europe' appear to be somewhat premature, as there is limited evidence at this stage that the EU is willing to provide leadership on the geospatial (re)ordering of the region.",
+        "output": "Geopolitical EU? The EU's Wartime Assistance to Ukraine",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: We report recent observations using a synchrotron X-ray micro-beam to retrieve images from tarnished 19th century daguerreotypes. We confirm that high quality image can always be retrieved from tarnished plates using Hg L alpha XRF as long as the bulk of the image particles and their distribution remains intact. We also report results from using tunable tender X-rays (2 - 7 keV) to conduct imaging in high vacuum at energy above the Ag L-edge and the Hg M-edge, extracting images using Ag L alpha and Hg M alpha, respectively among others (e.g., S to track corrosion). Images obtained with the surface sensitive total electron yield (TEY) and the bulk sensitive fluorescence yield (FLY) as well as corresponding micro-XANES are reported. Flux tolerance to high intensity X-beam is also explored. These results and their implications for cultural heritage research are discussed. (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )",
-        "output": "Retrieving images from tarnished daguerreotypes using X-ray fluorescence imaging with an X-ray micro beam with tunable energy",
+        "input": "Abstract: Objective: To analyse and classify inclusions of corporate social responsibility in international investment agreements, especially inclusions with reference to public health.Method: We extracted the text of international investment agreements containing corporate social responsibility inclusions from the Electronic Database of Investment Treaties. We conducted a documentary analysis of the corporate social responsibility inclusions, and we developed a typology categorizing inclusions based on level of detail and reference to international commitments.Findings: Of the 3816 agreements signed as of October 2023, 127 agreements contain corporate social responsibility inclusions. Since the first inclusion of corporate social responsibility in 2008, the percentage of agreements containing such inclusion signed each year has steadily increased from 4.6% (4/86) in 2008 to 42.8% (21/49) in 2018 and 33.3% (3/9) in 2023. Using the typology we developed, we categorized the level of detail as follows: nine were minimal, 27 were low, 35 were low-medium, 107 were medium, 11 were medium-high and seven were high. Health is mentioned in 36 of these inclusions.Conclusion: This analysis indicates that international investment agreements increasingly incorporate a high level of detail on expectations regarding investors' corporate social responsibility. Such provisions offer a potential tool to increase government guidance and accountability of global corporations, including with respect to governments' public health objectives.Objectif: Analyser et classer les dispositions relatives a la responsabilite sociale des entreprises dans les accords internationaux dinvestissement, en particulier celles relatives a la sante publique.Methodes: Nous avons extrait de la Base de donnees electronique des traites dinvestissement (EDIT) le texte daccords internationaux dinvestissement contenant des dispositions relatives a la responsabilite sociale des entreprises. Nous avons effectue une analyse documentaire des dispositions relatives a la responsabilite sociale des entreprises et avons elabore une typologie classant ces dispositions selon leur niveau de detail et leur reference a des engagements internationaux.Resultats: Sur les 3816 accords signes en date doctobre 2023, 127 contiennent des dispositions relatives a la responsabilite sociale des entreprises. Depuis linclusion de la premiere disposition de responsabilite sociale des entreprises en 2008, le pourcentage daccords signes chaque annee et contenant ce type de disposition a augmente regulierement, passant de 4,6 % (4/86) en 2008 a 42,8% (21/49) en 2018 et 33,3% (3/9) en 2023. A laide de la typologie que nous avons elaboree, nous avons classe le niveau de detail comme suit : neuf niveaux de detail etaient minimes, 27 etaient faibles, 35 etaient faibles a moyens, 107 etaient moyens, 11 etaient moyens a eleves et sept etaient eleves. La sante est mentionnee dans 36 de ces dispositions.Conclusion: Cette analyse indique que les accords internationaux dinvestissement integrent de plus en plus souvent un niveau eleve de details sur les attentes en matiere de responsabilite sociale des entreprises. Ces dispositions constituent un outil potentiel pour renforcer les orientations gouvernementales et la responsabilite des entreprises internationales, notamment en ce qui concerne les objectifs de sante publique des gouvernements.Objetivo: Analizar y clasificar las inclusiones de la responsabilidad social empresarial en los acuerdos internacionales de inversion, en especial las inclusiones con referencia a la salud publica.Metodo: Se extrajo de la Base de Datos Electronica de Tratados de Inversion el texto de los acuerdos internacionales de inversion que incluian la responsabilidad social empresarial. Se realizo un analisis documental de las inclusiones de la responsabilidad social empresarial y se elaboro una tipologia que clasifica las inclusiones en funcion del nivel de detalle y la referencia a los compromisos internacionales.Resultados: De los 3816acuerdos firmados hasta octubre de 2023, 127acuerdos contienen inclusiones de responsabilidad social empresarial. Desde la primera inclusion de la responsabilidad social empresarial en 2008, el porcentaje de acuerdos firmados cada ano que contienen esta inclusion ha aumentado de manera constante, pasando del 4,6% (4/86) en 2008 al 42,8% (21/49) en 2018 y al 33,3% (3/9) en 2023. Mediante la tipologia que se desarrollo, se categorizo el nivel de detalle de la siguiente manera: nueve fueron minimos, 27 fueron bajos, 35 fueron bajos-medios, 107 fueron medios, 11 fueron medios-altos y siete fueron altos. La salud se menciona en 36 de estas inclusiones.Conclusion: Este analisis indica que los acuerdos internacionales de inversion incorporan cada vez mas un alto nivel de detalle sobre las expectativas en materia de responsabilidad social empresarial de los inversores. Estas disposiciones ofrecen una herramienta potencial para aumentar la orientacion de los gobiernos y la rendicion de cuentas de las empresas mundiales, incluso con respecto a los objetivos de salud publica de los gobiernos.\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629: \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c 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\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.",
+        "output": "Health policy implications of corporate social responsibility provisions in international investment agreements.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: How did Louis Pasteur, born in a small town in the Jura-Dole, still little known to the world today, become a man of global recognition and fame? The answer to this question is guided by two pivotal considerations. First is Pasteur's relationship to the representation of reality. This relationship was seeded and steadily developed since his juvenile years through practicing different forms of artistic expression, the most famous of which were subtle pastels portraying Pasteur's parents and neighbors. This genuine attraction towards art gradually became scientificized at the same time, when new means of reproducing the reality were invented, such as photography. The second consideration, critical to understand the phenomenon of Pasteur's celebrity, is a strong linkage of his research with nature-based agricultural production. Here again, deeply rooted in his youth and home environment, permeated with the taste of wine and the smell of tanned leather, Pasteur's interests necessitated the processes of communication, not only at the scientific level, but also on a daily life basis, with numerous social actors at play (ferments, silkworms etc.). Throughout his work, Pasteur had to provide himself with the means to set up these interdisciplinarity and communication. The final result was the Pasteur Institute, or rather the Pasteur Institutes and the global Pasteur network.",
-        "output": "Louis Pasteur, a child of the Jura, a man for the world.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Rituals and feasting ceremonies at Polynesian marae depict culturally complex relationships between humans and animals that cannot be explained by subsistence alone. In Central-East Polynesia, this topic still requires the elaboration of a ritual zooarchaeology framework. Using sea turtle assemblages from three sacred sites on Fakahina atoll (Tuamotu), this study offers a preliminary approach to faunal deposits from ritual contexts. Following systematic excavations of marae on Fakahina, analysis aimed to determine whether faunal deposits could be linked with intentional feasting and offering behaviours. To detect how ritual actions were organised through space, skeletal and taphonomic variables were examined for both overall sites and sub-assemblages within sites based on the spatial associations of fauna with site features.At certain site features, derived quantitative units such as %MAU and recovery rate could identify potential offering behaviours through the intentional sorting of culturally significant body parts. The taphonomic signatures of site features could also identify open or closed deposition environments, assisting with the identification of disturbed features as either exposed platforms or enclosed cists. In addition to highlighting previously undocumented complexity in the use of site features, an overall comparison of turtle remains from the three sites shows the potential of these methods to explore variation in ritual practices.Les rituels et festins ceremoniels conduits sur les marae polynesiens refletent des relations hommes-animaux complexes depassant le cadre de la simple subsistance. Neanmoins, ce sujet de recherche en Polynesie centre-orientale requiert l'elaboration d'un cadre d'analyse, autrement dit une archeozoologie du rituel. Se basant sur des assemblages de tortues de trois sites sacres sur l'atoll de Fakahina (archipel des Tuamotu), cette etude cherche a determiner si les depots fauniques peuvent etre mis en rapport avec des comportements de consommation ceremonielle ou d'offrandes. Afin de reconstituer l'organisation spatiale des actions rituelles, nous examinons les variations squelettiques et taphonomiques aux echelles inter et intra-sites.Dans certaines structures, les analyses quantitatives (Minimal Animal Unit, Recovery rate) ont permis d'identifier des comportements rituels au travers du depot intentionnel de parties importantes de l'animal. Les signatures taphonomiques contribuent egalement a distinguer des environnements de depot ouverts ou fermes. Cette etude revele non seulement une complexite de gestes jusqu'a present pas documentes archeologiquement, mais aussi le potentiel de notre approche pour explorer les variations de pratiques rituelles entre sites.",
+        "output": "Turtles for the ancestors: A zooarchaeological study of ritual deposits on Fakahina, Tuamotu archipelago (French Polynesia)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: This survey study examines physician views toward private equity investment in health care.",
-        "output": "Physician Perspectives on Private Equity Investment in Health Care",
+        "input": "Abstract: Wind turbines are one of the leading renewable sources of electricity. They are located in areas where the energy potential of the wind is high and more or less permanent. Their efficient operation depends on certain technical characteristics of the entire wind system (wind turbines, generator, automation system, regulation, and control). This paper analyses experimental data from wind turbines, WT, in the Dobrogea area: wind speed, v, velocity, n, and power, PEG, at the electric generator, EG. These are used to identify the local maxima of wind turbine power at different wind speeds. Based on this, a mathematical model for wind turbines and the power losses caused by inefficient control are determined. The mathematical model is used to visualize the maximum energy zones. At the end of this study, an algorithm is given that allows for the visualization of the optimal energy zone. The algorithm resulting from the analyzed case studies can be implemented by the control system in order to maximize the produced electricity with any variation in wind speed.",
+        "output": "Visualizing the Maximum Energy Zone of Wind Turbines Operating at Time-Varying Wind Speeds",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: The additive log-ratio (alr) transformation is recommended as one of the most robust data transformations for multivariate analysis of archaeometric compositional data. However, alr and other transformations are not mutually exclusive and can be combined to assess different aspects of an archaeometric data set, such as the addition of temper, post-depositional effects in pottery and associated archaeological implications. This study presents a comparative analysis of a multi-element data set of pottery from Lago Grande and Osvaldo archaeological sites in the Central Amazon, which are considered a microcosm of the region. The concentrations of nine chemical elements (La, Lu, Yb, Ce, Cr, Eu, Fe, Sc, and Th) measured by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) were subjected to alr transformation, prior to chemical fingerprinting by cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). The results were compared to a previous work using the log10 transformation. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was employed to test for statistical differences between the chemical groups, and self-organizing maps (SOMs), a type of artificial neural network, were used for comparison due to their advantage of not depending on any specific data distribution assumption. In general, the results suggest the existence of socio-cultural interactions between Lago Grande and Osvaldo, which could have occurred through trade, exogamic marriage and territory sharing. In a broader perspective, the exchange networks corroborated by the results favor theories that minimize the role of ecological constraints in the emergence of social complexity and sedentary occupations in the Amazon region.",
-        "output": "Comparison of log-ratio and log10 chemical elemental data analysis of Central Amazonian pottery and archaeological implications",
+        "input": "Abstract: Military statues are being attacked and removed in multiple countries, but there is little analytic work on the associated reasons. Therefore, this research aimed to conduct a nationwide survey of outdoor military statues in a case study country (New Zealand) and identify reasons for attacks. Of the 118 statues identified, 11 (9%) of these had been physically attacked. A key risk factor for statue attack was it being linked to the colonial-era New Zealand Wars versus any other specific war (75% vs 8%, p = .003). This finding fitted with other evidence from attacks on statues of named New Zealanders (e.g. politicians) and on attacks of other types of monuments to these particular wars. It is also consistent with past and persisting injustices experienced by the Indigenous M & amacr;ori population. In conclusion, some of the attacks on the military statues in this country appear to reflect social injustices and harm from colonialism.",
+        "output": "Why Do People Attack Military Statues? A National Survey in New Zealand",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: In this study, we examined the ethical implications of Egypt's new clinical trial law, employing the ethical framework proposed by Emanuel et al. and comparing it to various national and supranational laws. This analysis is crucial as Egypt, considered a high-growth pharmaceutical market, has become an attractive location for clinical trials, offering insights into the ethical implementation of bioethical regulations in a large population country with a robust healthcare infrastructure and predominantly treatment-naive patients.METHODS: We conducted a comparative analysis of Egyptian law with regulations from Sweden and France, including the EU Clinical Trials Regulation, considering ethical human subject research criteria, and used a directed approach to qualitative content analysis to examine the laws and regulations. This study involved extensive peer scrutiny, frequent debriefing sessions, and collaboration with legal experts with relevant international legal expertise to ensure rigorous analysis and interpretation of the laws.RESULTS: On the rating of the seven different principles (social and scientific values, scientific validity, fair selection of participants, risk-benefit ratio, independent review, informed consent and respect for participants) Egypt, France, and EU regulations had comparable scores. Specific principles (Social Value, Scientific Value, and Fair selection of participants) were challenging to directly identify due to certain regulations embodying 'implicit' principles more than explicitly stated ones.CONCLUSION: The analysis underscores Egypt's alignment with internationally recognized ethical principles, as outlined by Emanuel et al., through its comparison with French, Swedish, and EU regulations, emphasizing the critical need for Egypt to continuously refine its ethical regulations to safeguard participant protection and research integrity. Key issues identified include the necessity to clarify and standardize the concept of social value in research, alongside concerns regarding the expertise and impartiality of ethical review boards, pointing towards a broader agenda for enhancing research ethics in Egypt and beyond.",
-        "output": "A comparative ethical analysis of the Egyptian clinical research law.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Background Veterans who need post-acute home health care (HHC) are at risk for adverse outcomes and unmet social needs. Veterans' social needs could be identified and met by community-based HHC clinicians due to their unique perspective from the home environment, acuity of Veterans they serve, and access to Veterans receiving community care. To understand these needs, we explored clinician, Veteran, and care partner perspectives to understand Veterans' social needs during the transition from hospital to home with skilled HHC.Methods Qualitative data were collected through individual interviews with Veterans Health Administration (VHA) inpatient & community HHC clinicians, Veterans, and care partners who have significant roles facilitating Veterans' hospital to home with HHC transition. To inform implementation of a care coordination quality improvement intervention, participants were asked about VHA and HHC care coordination and Veterans' social needs during these transitions. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed inductively using thematic analysis and results were organized deductively according to relevant transitional care domains (Discharge Planning, Transition to Home, and HHC Delivery).Results We conducted 35 interviews at 4 VHA Medical Centers located in Western, Midwestern, and Southern U.S. regions during March 2021 through July 2022. We organized results by the three care transition domains and related themes by VHA, HHC, or Veteran/care partner perspective. Our themes included (1) how social needs affected access to HHC, (2) the need for social needs screening during hospitalization, (3) delays in HHC for Veterans discharged from community hospitals, and (4) a need for closed-loop communication between VHA and HHC to report social needs.Conclusions HHC is an underexplored space for Veterans social needs detection. While this research is preliminary, we recommend two steps forward from this work: (1) develop closed-loop communication and education pathways with HHC and (2) develop a partnership to integrate a social risk screener into HHC pathways.",
+        "output": "Perspectives on supporting Veterans' social needs during hospital to home health transitions: findings from the Transitions Nurse Program",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Like other European countries, Austria introduced employment restrictions for foreigners after World War I. Access to the labor market was to be reserved primarily for Austrian citizens. These new regulations related exclusively to dependent employees and allowed exceptions in view of family reunification, among other things. They were based on official labor market categories and reflected widely accepted imaginations of gender-specific abilities and responsibilities. However, many foreigners earned their living in a household context and their activities hardly matched the official categories of work and family. Since decision-making on employment permits required unambiguous categorization, this situation posed a dilemma for the authorities in charge. Given the vast variety of work arrangements and relations, they struggled to clearly draw the line between employed and not employed workers. Using the example of domestic help and Bulgarian gardeners, this article investigates administrative authorities' attempts to make such distinctions and it examines migrants' efforts to occupy labor market niches. While migrants un/intentionally circumvented regulations and made their living in Austria, the ongoing disputes paradoxically contributed to an enforcement of restrictions. Administrative authorities gradually increased their endeavor to locate unauthorized foreign workers even within households and they sharpened the criteria for their categorization.",
-        "output": "Construction of Il/Legitimate Migrant Labor: Non-Nationals in Domestic Service and Gardening in Interwar Austria",
+        "input": "Abstract: This article illustrates how changes in the sediment source, tempering strategies, and shaping process in early Neolithic earthen architecture in Asikli Hoyuk have a major impact on many aspects of techno-environmental know-how traces. Archaeological micromorphology analyses of sun-dried mudbricks (in Turkey, called a specific term: kerpic), mortars, daub, and their paleoenvironmental contexts were used to examine the tempo and modes of exploitation of the local environment, and chaine operatoire of kerpic and mortar recipes, and the possible reasons behind the relationships among material choices, building forms, and wall construction techniques of the earlier inhabitants in Central Anatolia during the establishment of the early settlement, i.e., 8400-7750 BCE. The nature of and changes in the built environment can be traced especially through the mortar recipes that provide various insights into the agro-pastoral activities at the site, including middens, open areas, and penning deposits. During the early Neolithic occupation at Asikli Hoyuk, vegetal tempering occurred as a micro-invention and was developed in relation to the management of fecal and domestic waste used in construction materials. Furthermore, the variability of tempering strategies can be regarded as a cognitive development that resulted from the long-term learning and experimentation background of the Asikli people in kerpic production. The main motivation behind these changes and testing of the recipes was the need for more durable and long-lasting construction of earthen buildings as used by this early sedentary community in the region.",
+        "output": "Kerpi\u00e7 production and environmental dynamics in an early sedentary community: micromorphological evidence from A\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 H\u00f6y\u00fck, Central Anatolia (Turkey)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: Evaluation of students' learning strategies can enhance academic support. Few studies have investigated differences in learning strategies between male and female students as well as their impact on United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 and preclinical performance.METHODS: The Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) was administered to the classes of 2019-2024 (female (n=350) and male (n=262)). Students' performance on preclinical first-year (M1) courses, preclinical second-year (M2) courses, and USMLE Step 1 was recorded. An independent t-test evaluated differences between females and males on each LASSI scale. A Pearson product moment correlation determined which LASSI scales correlated with preclinical performance and USMLE Step 1 examinations.RESULTS: Of the 10 LASSI scales, Anxiety, Attention, Information Processing, Selecting Main Idea, Test Strategies and Using Academic Resources showed significant differences between genders. Females reported higher levels of Anxiety (p<0.001), which significantly influenced their performance. While males and females scored similarly in Concentration, Motivation, and Time Management, these scales were significant predictors of performance variation in females. Test Strategies was the largest contributor to performance variation for all students, regardless of gender.CONCLUSION: Gender differences in learning influence performance on STEP1. Consideration of this study's results will allow for targeted interventions for academic success.",
-        "output": "Gender differences in learning and study strategies impact medical students' preclinical and USMLE step 1 examination performance.",
+        "input": "Abstract: This paper explores the professionalisation and performance aspects of Airbnb hosts in rural regions in Denmark, Iceland, and Norway. More specifically, based upon the professionalisation of hosts, which represents a proxy for the scale of their entrepreneurial engagement, the host landscape in the rural regions is investigated, resulting in different host profiles, including individual single- and multiple-listing hosts, and small and large tourism companies. The paper subsequently estimates the service quality performance of Airbnb hosts in relation to their professionalisation in rural regions through a u-shaped relationship, with the professionalisation influencing the performance evaluation of the hosts by the users. This twofold empirical analysis amends the extant literature, as it provides both a more nuanced and more comprehensive description of the nature and scale of Airbnb host engagement in rural regions, and points to the vast entrepreneurial opportunities for private households and companies on the platform.",
+        "output": "Professionalisation and performance of Airbnb hosts in rural regions",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: This paper examines one aspect of the legacy of the Value-Free Ideal in conservation science: the view that measurements and metrics are value-free epistemic tools detached from ideological, ethical, social, and, generally, non-epistemic considerations. Contrary to this view, I will argue that traditional measurement practices entrenched in conservation are in fact permeated with non-epistemic values. I challenge the received view by revealing three non-epistemic assumptions underlying traditional metrics: (1) a human-environment demarcation, (2) the desirability of a people-free landscape, and (3) the exclusion of cultural diversity from biodiversity. I also draw a connection between arguments for retaining traditional metrics to scientific colonialism, exemplified by a fortress conservation model. I conclude by advocating for abandoning the myth of the intrinsic value-freedom of measurement practices and embracing metrics aligned with societal and scientific goals.",
-        "output": "Metrics in biodiversity conservation and the value-free ideal",
+        "input": "Abstract: Constituent rocks of Cultural Heritage monuments and buildings are of mixed mineral compositions. For materials with homogeneous color properties, colorimetric evaluation is a well-established task. The colorimetric similarity of heterogeneous surfaces is difficult to measure due to the uneven distribution of minerals with different colors. The present work proposes a methodology for color difference calculation, exemplified on granite samples. The methodology proposed includes a technique to divide the rock images into color profiles using multivariate analysis and clustering. The differences between rock samples are evaluated (i) in average color profile distances, (ii) in the tone difference, and (iii) in the color profile distribution on the surface. The method proposed is appropriate for in-situ measurements using widely available digital imaging. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )",
+        "output": "Colorimetric similarity evaluation methodology for heterogeneous rock surfaces using digital imaging",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Despite mounting attention in recent years, health threats posed by antimicrobial resistance are not new. Antimicrobial resistance has dogged infectious disease treatment processes since the first modern antimicrobials were discovered.",
-        "output": "A Brief History of Antimicrobial Resistance.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Objectives: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is characterized as a chronic condition that was first outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and now the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision. It encompasses frequent opioid usage, cravings, the development of tolerance, withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation, unsuccessful attempts to quit or reduce use, and recurrent use even when faced with negative consequences. Both national- and state-level data show that overdose deaths associated with prescription opioids are increasing at an alarming rate. The increasing overdose deaths from illicitly manufactured fentanyl and other synthetic opioids compound this epidemic's burden. The present study sought to determine the prevalence and potential factors associated with OUD in North Carolina. Methods: Using the State Inpatient Database, a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to identify OUD-related discharges between 2000 and 2020. Descriptive statistics and rates of OUD per 1000 discharges were calculated. Simple and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with increased odds of having an opioid use disorder diagnosis at discharge. The deviance-Pearson goodness of fit statistic was also used. Variables were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification, codes in the discharge records. Results: Of 19,370,483 hospitalizations that occurred between 2000 and 2020 in North Carolina, 483,250 were associated with OUD, a prevalence rate of 24.9 cases per 1000 discharges. The highest OUD rates were seen among adults who self-paid for their hospitalization, those with Medicaid, and those with other types of payors such as Workers' Compensation and the Indian Health Service; individuals between 25 and 54 years old; tobacco and alcohol users; Native American patients; patients located in urban areas; patients with lower household income; White patients; and female patients. OUD also was associated with increased odds of having one or more comorbid psychiatric disorders when controlling for other factors. Conclusions: Although preventive measures are crucial, including policies that discourage prescribing opioids for noncancer pain and those that target the manufacturing and distribution of synthetic opioids, providing integrated care for patients with OUD and co-occurring psychiatric and/or physical disorders is equally important. These findings suggest the need for a system-wide public health response focused on the expansion of primary prevention and treatment efforts, including crisis services, harm reduction services, and recovery programs.",
+        "output": "Opioid Use Disorder among Hospitalized Adults in North Carolina: Analysis from the 2000-2020 NC State Inpatient Database",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Following recent work examining alcohol industry involvements in science, this is a case study that examines the ways in which the alcohol research community engages in boundary work--in which scientists define and defend the demarcation between their community of knowledge makers and others, justifying their claim to legitimacy and authority--in response to alcohol industry-sponsored interventions. The case here involves an economist who disputes the research consensus positions and policy recommendations of the field, having been funded by the key global alcohol industry political organization.METHOD: We examine the functional statements of both sides of this issue to show the ways in which the scientific and policy consensus of the field is disputed. Three examples of the responses of the alcohol research community, presenting different types of responses, are interrogated.RESULTS: In late career and retirement, this economist published extensively in alcohol and health economics journals within the peer-reviewed literature on two key topics in alcohol policy: pricing/taxation measures and advertising restrictions. These commentaries, reviews, and correspondence propose alternative policies favored by the alcohol industry, which are at odds with the alcohol public health evidence base. The three examples examined of boundary work performed by alcohol public health researchers illustrate the variety of ways in which the legitimacy of these interventions has been questioned: on technical grounds, on explicitly normative grounds, and as a body of work as a whole.CONCLUSIONS: Interventions in the scientific literature create important resources for alcohol industry actors to oppose alcohol policy measures globally. The alcohol research field may benefit from discussion about how to respond to these kinds of interventions.",
-        "output": "Managing Disruption: A Case Study of Boundary Work Around Alcohol Industry-Sponsored Scientific Interventions.",
+        "input": "Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of neurocognitive disorder among people living with HIV/AIDS in South Gondar primary hospitals, North-West Ethiopia, 2023.DESIGN: Institution-based cross-sectional study design.SETTING: South Gondar primary hospitals, North-West Ethiopia.PARTICIPANTS: 608 participants were recruited using the systematic random sampling technique.MEASUREMENT: Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and medical chart reviews. The International HIV Dementia Scale was used to screen for neurocognitive disorder. The data were entered through EPI-DATA V.4.6 and exported to SPSS V.21 statistical software for analysis. In the bivariable logistic regression analyses, variables with a value of p<0.25 were entered into a multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify factors independently associated with neurocognitive disorder. Statistical significance was declared at a value of p<0.05.RESULTS: The prevalence of neurocognitive disorder among HIV-positive participants was 39.1%. In multivariable logistic regression, lower level of education (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.94; 95% CI 1.29 to 6.82), unemployment (AOR=2.74; 95% CI 1.29 to 6.84) and comorbid medical illness (AOR=1.80; 95% CI 1.03 to 3.14) were significantly associated with neurocognitive disorder.CONCLUSION: HIV-associated neurocognitive problems affected over a third of the participants. According to the current study, comorbid medical conditions, unemployment and low educational attainment are associated with an increased risk of neurocognitive disorder. Therefore, early detection and treatment are essential.",
+        "output": "Prevalence and associated factors of neurocognitive disorder among people living with HIV/AIDS in the South Gondar zone primary hospitals, North-West Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), a workhorse of the semiconductor industry, has progressed rapidly in the last few decades in the development of novel materials. Recent developments in condensed matter and materials physics have seen the rise of many novel quantum materials that require ultra-clean and high-quality samples for fundamental studies and applications. Novel oxide-based quantum materials synthesized using MBE have advanced the development of the field and materials. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in new MBE techniques that have enabled synthesis of complex oxides that exhibit 'quantum' phenomena, including superconductivity and topological electronic states. We show how these techniques have produced breakthroughs in the synthesis of 4d and 5d oxide films and heterostructures that are of particular interest as quantum materials. These new techniques in MBE offer a bright future for the synthesis of ultra-high quality oxide quantum materials.",
-        "output": "Advances in complex oxide quantum materials through new approaches to molecular beam epitaxy",
+        "input": "Abstract: Fagus sylvatica L. is among the most competitive trees in European temperate deciduous forests on well-drained but not too dry soils and is known to be a major species in the mature stages of natural succession over large areas. However, even under favourable conditions, it is often sporadic or even absent from present-day stands whereas Quercus spp. are dominant. Based on written sources, the predominance of Quercus spp. has been identified as a potential heritage of historical management. To test the hypothesis that past human practices caused the replacement of Fagus by Quercus spp. on well-drained soils, we carried out a soil charcoal analysis on current mature Quercus spp. stands in 19 forest sites of the Lorraine Plateau in northeastern France. 'Megacharcoal' assemblages were extracted from soil trenches and taxonomically identified. Our results, based on more than 5600 charcoal pieces, identified 19 taxa and showed the presence of Quercus and Fagus in all sites. Quercus was dominant, followed by Carpinus and Fagus, as it is today in the on-site forests, except for Fagus, which is not observed in any of the studied stands. Other taxa, such as Prunus, Populus, Betula, were present at lower abundances, occurring in only a few sampling sites. The 71 radiocarbon dates indicated that i) a Fagus forest had been in place during the Bronze Age, without any dated oak pieces found; ii) Quercus became common from the end of the Bronze Age, iii) and was mixed with Fagus from the middle of the Iron Age. These results provide a new evidence that historical forest management in western Europe caused the replacement of Fagus by Quercus, and therefore the manipulation of forest stand species composition started during the Bronze Age.",
+        "output": "Are western European oak forests man-made constructs? The pedoanthracological perspective",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: If elected, Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo would bring an extensive background in science and engineering to Mexico's presidency. But many researchers are anxious about how she would govern.",
-        "output": "A scientist for president.",
+        "input": "Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The increasing elderly population has led to a growing demand for healthcare services. A hospital at home treatment model offers an alternative to standard hospital admission, with the potential to reduce readmission and healthcare consumption while improving patients' quality of life. However, there is little evidence regarding hospital at home treatment in a Danish setting. This article describes the protocol for a randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing standard hospital admission to hospital at home treatment. The main aim of the intervention is to reduce 30-day acute readmission after discharge and improve the quality of life of elderly acute patients.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A total of 849 elderly acute patients will be randomised in a 1:2 ratio to either the control or intervention group in the trial. The control group will receive standard hospital treatment in a hospital emergency department while the intervention group will receive treatment at home. The primary outcomes of the trial are the rate of 30-day acute readmission and quality of life, assessed using the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions-5-Level instrument. Primary analyses are based on the intention-to-treat principle. Secondary outcomes are basic functional mobility, resource use in healthcare, primary and secondary healthcare cost, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, and the mortality rate 3months after discharge.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The RCT was approved by the Ethical Committee, Central Denmark Region (no. 1-10-72-67-20). Results will be presented at relevant national and international meetings and conferences and will be published in international peer-reviewed journals. Furthermore, we plan to communicate the results to relevant stakeholders in the Danish healthcare system.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05360914.",
+        "output": "Hospital at home for elderly acute patients: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     }