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In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Simultaneous administration of morphine with metamizol resulted in a markedly antinociceptive potentiation and an increasing of the duration of action after a single ( 298 + / - 7 vs . 139 + / - 36 units area ( ua ) ; P < 0 . 001 ) and repeated administration ( 280 + / - 17 vs . 131 + / - 22 ua ; P < 0 . 001 ) .
### Output Text: | Simultaneous administration of <span class="chemical">morphine</span> with <span class="chemical">metamizol</span> resulted in a markedly antinociceptive potentiation and an increasing of the duration of action after a single ( 298 + / - 7 vs . 139 + / - 36 units area ( ua ) ; P < 0 . 001 ) and repeated administration ( 280 + / - 17 vs . 131 + / - 22 ua ; P < 0 . 001 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Antinociceptive effect of morphine was reduced in chronically treated rats ( 39 + / - 10 vs . 18 + / - 5 au ) while the combination - induced antinociception was remained similar as an acute treatment ( 298 + / - 7 vs . 280 + / - 17 au ) .
### Output Text: | Antinociceptive effect of <span class="chemical">morphine</span> was reduced in chronically treated rats ( 39 + / - 10 vs . 18 + / - 5 au ) while the combination - induced antinociception was remained similar as an acute treatment ( 298 + / - 7 vs . 280 + / - 17 au ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Acute antinociceptive effects of the combination were partially prevented by 3 . 2 mg / kg naloxone s . c .
### Output Text: | Acute antinociceptive effects of the combination were partially prevented by 3 . 2 mg / kg <span class="chemical">naloxone</span> s . c . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: ( P < 0 . 05 ) , suggesting the partial involvement of the opioidergic system in the synergism observed .
### Output Text: | ( P < 0 . 05 ) , suggesting the partial involvement of the opioidergic system in the synergism observed . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In independent groups , morphine inhibited the intestinal transit in 48 + / - 4 % and 38 + / - 4 % after acute and chronic treatment , respectively , suggesting that tolerance did not develop to the constipating effects .
### Output Text: | In independent groups , <span class="chemical">morphine</span> inhibited the intestinal transit in 48 + / - 4 % and 38 + / - 4 % after acute and chronic treatment , respectively , suggesting that tolerance did not develop to the constipating effects . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The combination inhibited intestinal transit similar to that produced by morphine regardless of the time of treatment , suggesting that metamizol did not potentiate morphine - induced constipation .
### Output Text: | The combination inhibited intestinal transit similar to that produced by <span class="chemical">morphine</span> regardless of the time of treatment , suggesting that <span class="chemical">metamizol</span> did not potentiate <span class="chemical">morphine</span> - induced constipation . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: These findings show a significant interaction between morphine and metamizol in chronically treated rats , suggesting that this combination could be useful for the treatment of chronic pain .
### Output Text: | These findings show a significant interaction between <span class="chemical">morphine</span> and <span class="chemical">metamizol</span> in chronically treated rats , suggesting that this combination could be useful for the treatment of chronic pain . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Ifosfamide encephalopathy presenting with asterixis .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Ifosfamide</span> encephalopathy presenting with asterixis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CNS toxic effects of the antineoplastic agent ifosfamide ( IFX ) are frequent and include a variety of neurological symptoms that can limit drug use .
### Output Text: | CNS toxic effects of the antineoplastic agent <span class="chemical">ifosfamide</span> ( <span class="chemical">IFX</span> ) are frequent and include a variety of neurological symptoms that can limit drug use . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We report a case of a 51 - year - old man who developed severe , disabling negative myoclonus of the upper and lower extremities after the infusion of ifosfamide for plasmacytoma .
### Output Text: | We report a case of a 51 - year - old man who developed severe , disabling negative myoclonus of the upper and lower extremities after the infusion of <span class="chemical">ifosfamide</span> for plasmacytoma . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: He was awake , revealed no changes of mental status and at rest there were no further motor symptoms .
### Output Text: | He was awake , revealed no changes of mental status and at rest there were no further motor symptoms . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Cranial magnetic resonance imaging and extensive laboratory studies failed to reveal structural lesions of the brain and metabolic abnormalities .
### Output Text: | Cranial magnetic resonance imaging and extensive laboratory studies failed to reveal structural lesions of the brain and metabolic abnormalities . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: An electroencephalogram showed continuous , generalized irregular slowing with admixed periodic triphasic waves indicating symptomatic encephalopathy .
### Output Text: | An electroencephalogram showed continuous , generalized irregular slowing with admixed periodic triphasic waves indicating symptomatic encephalopathy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The administration of ifosfamide was discontinued and within 12 h the asterixis resolved completely .
### Output Text: | The administration of <span class="chemical">ifosfamide</span> was discontinued and within 12 h the asterixis resolved completely . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In the patient described , the presence of asterixis during infusion of ifosfamide , normal laboratory findings and imaging studies and the resolution of symptoms following the discontinuation of the drug suggest that negative myoclonus is associated with the use of IFX .
### Output Text: | In the patient described , the presence of asterixis during infusion of <span class="chemical">ifosfamide</span> , normal laboratory findings and imaging studies and the resolution of symptoms following the discontinuation of the drug suggest that negative myoclonus is associated with the use of <span class="chemical">IFX</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Antagonism between interleukin 3 and erythropoietin in mice with azidothymidine - induced anemia and in bone marrow endothelial cells .
### Output Text: | Antagonism between interleukin 3 and erythropoietin in mice with <span class="chemical">azidothymidine</span> - induced anemia and in bone marrow endothelial cells . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Azidothymidine ( AZT ) - induced anemia in mice can be reversed by the administration of IGF - IL - 3 ( fusion protein of insulin - like growth factor II ( IGF II ) and interleukin 3 ) .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Azidothymidine</span> ( <span class="chemical">AZT</span> ) - induced anemia in mice can be reversed by the administration of IGF - IL - 3 ( fusion protein of insulin - like growth factor II ( IGF II ) and interleukin 3 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Although interleukin 3 ( IL - 3 ) and erythropoietin ( EPO ) are known to act synergistically on hematopoietic cell proliferation in vitro , injection of IGF - IL - 3 and EPO in AZT - treated mice resulted in a reduction of red cells and an increase of plasma EPO levels as compared to animals treated with IGF - IL - 3 or EPO alone .
### Output Text: | Although interleukin 3 ( IL - 3 ) and erythropoietin ( EPO ) are known to act synergistically on hematopoietic cell proliferation in vitro , injection of IGF - IL - 3 and EPO in <span class="chemical">AZT</span> - treated mice resulted in a reduction of red cells and an increase of plasma EPO levels as compared to animals treated with IGF - IL - 3 or EPO alone . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We tested the hypothesis that the antagonistic effect of IL - 3 and EPO on erythroid cells may be mediated by endothelial cells .
### Output Text: | We tested the hypothesis that the antagonistic effect of IL - 3 and EPO on erythroid cells may be mediated by endothelial cells . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Bovine liver erythroid cells were cultured on monolayers of human bone marrow endothelial cells previously treated with EPO and IGF - IL - 3 .
### Output Text: | Bovine liver erythroid cells were cultured on monolayers of human bone marrow endothelial cells previously treated with EPO and IGF - IL - 3 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: There was a significant reduction of thymidine incorporation into both erythroid and endothelial cells in cultures pre - treated with IGF - IL - 3 and EPO .
### Output Text: | There was a significant reduction of <span class="chemical">thymidine</span> incorporation into both erythroid and endothelial cells in cultures pre - treated with IGF - IL - 3 and EPO . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Endothelial cell culture supernatants separated by ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation from cells treated with EPO and IL - 3 significantly reduced thymidine incorporation into erythroid cells as compared to identical fractions obtained from the media of cells cultured with EPO alone .
### Output Text: | Endothelial cell culture supernatants separated by ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation from cells treated with EPO and IL - 3 significantly reduced <span class="chemical">thymidine</span> incorporation into erythroid cells as compared to identical fractions obtained from the media of cells cultured with EPO alone . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: These results suggest that endothelial cells treated simultaneously with EPO and IL - 3 have a negative effect on erythroid cell production .
### Output Text: | These results suggest that endothelial cells treated simultaneously with EPO and IL - 3 have a negative effect on erythroid cell production . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The relationship between hippocampal acetylcholine release and cholinergic convulsant sensitivity in withdrawal seizure - prone and withdrawal seizure - resistant selected mouse lines .
### Output Text: | The relationship between hippocampal <span class="chemical">acetylcholine</span> release and cholinergic convulsant sensitivity in withdrawal seizure - prone and withdrawal seizure - resistant selected mouse lines . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: BACKGROUND : The septo - hippocampal cholinergic pathway has been implicated in epileptogenesis , and genetic factors influence the response to cholinergic agents , but limited data are available on cholinergic involvement in alcohol withdrawal severity .
### Output Text: | BACKGROUND : The septo - hippocampal cholinergic pathway has been implicated in epileptogenesis , and genetic factors influence the response to cholinergic agents , but limited data are available on cholinergic involvement in <span class="chemical">alcohol</span> withdrawal severity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Thus , the relationship between cholinergic activity and responsiveness and alcohol withdrawal was investigated in a genetic animal model of ethanol withdrawal severity .
### Output Text: | Thus , the relationship between cholinergic activity and responsiveness and <span class="chemical">alcohol</span> withdrawal was investigated in a genetic animal model of <span class="chemical">ethanol</span> withdrawal severity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: METHODS : Cholinergic convulsant sensitivity was examined in alcohol - na ve Withdrawal Seizure - Prone ( WSP ) and - Resistant ( WSR ) mice .
### Output Text: | METHODS : Cholinergic convulsant sensitivity was examined in <span class="chemical">alcohol</span> - na ve Withdrawal Seizure - Prone ( WSP ) and - Resistant ( WSR ) mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Animals were administered nicotine , carbachol , or neostigmine via timed tail vein infusion , and the latencies to onset of tremor and clonus were recorded and converted to threshold dose .
### Output Text: | Animals were administered <span class="chemical">nicotine</span> , <span class="chemical">carbachol</span> , or <span class="chemical">neostigmine</span> via timed tail vein infusion , and the latencies to onset of tremor and clonus were recorded and converted to threshold dose . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We also used microdialysis to measure basal and potassium - stimulated acetylcholine ( ACh ) release in the CA1 region of the hippocampus .
### Output Text: | We also used microdialysis to measure basal and <span class="chemical">potassium</span> - stimulated <span class="chemical">acetylcholine</span> ( <span class="chemical">ACh</span> ) release in the CA1 region of the hippocampus . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Potassium was applied by reverse dialysis twice , separated by 75 min .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Potassium</span> was applied by reverse dialysis twice , separated by 75 min . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Hippocampal ACh also was measured during testing for handling - induced convulsions .
### Output Text: | Hippocampal <span class="chemical">ACh</span> also was measured during testing for handling - induced convulsions . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RESULTS : Sensitivity to several convulsion endpoints induced by nicotine , carbachol , and neostigmine were significantly greater in WSR versus WSP mice .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : Sensitivity to several convulsion endpoints induced by <span class="chemical">nicotine</span> , <span class="chemical">carbachol</span> , and <span class="chemical">neostigmine</span> were significantly greater in WSR versus WSP mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In microdialysis experiments , the lines did not differ in basal release of ACh , and 50 mM KCl increased ACh output in both lines of mice .
### Output Text: | In microdialysis experiments , the lines did not differ in basal release of <span class="chemical">ACh</span> , and 50 mM <span class="chemical">KCl</span> increased <span class="chemical">ACh</span> output in both lines of mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: However , the increase in release of ACh produced by the first application of KCl was 2 - fold higher in WSP versus WSR mice .
### Output Text: | However , the increase in release of <span class="chemical">ACh</span> produced by the first application of <span class="chemical">KCl</span> was 2 - fold higher in WSP versus WSR mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: When hippocampal ACh was measured during testing for handling - induced convulsions , extracellular ACh was significantly elevated ( 192 % ) in WSP mice , but was nonsignificantly elevated ( 59 % ) in WSR mice .
### Output Text: | When hippocampal <span class="chemical">ACh</span> was measured during testing for handling - induced convulsions , extracellular <span class="chemical">ACh</span> was significantly elevated ( 192 % ) in WSP mice , but was nonsignificantly elevated ( 59 % ) in WSR mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest that differences in cholinergic activity and postsynaptic sensitivity to cholinergic convulsants may be associated with ethanol withdrawal severity and implicate cholinergic mechanisms in alcohol withdrawal .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest that differences in cholinergic activity and postsynaptic sensitivity to cholinergic convulsants may be associated with <span class="chemical">ethanol</span> withdrawal severity and implicate cholinergic mechanisms in <span class="chemical">alcohol</span> withdrawal . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Specifically , WSP mice may have lower sensitivity to cholinergic convulsants compared with WSR because of postsynaptic receptor desensitization brought on by higher activity of cholinergic neurons .
### Output Text: | Specifically , WSP mice may have lower sensitivity to cholinergic convulsants compared with WSR because of postsynaptic receptor desensitization brought on by higher activity of cholinergic neurons . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Capsaicin - induced muscle pain alters the excitability of the human jaw - stretch reflex .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Capsaicin</span> - induced muscle pain alters the excitability of the human jaw - stretch reflex . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The pathophysiology of painful temporomandibular disorders is not fully understood , but evidence suggests that muscle pain modulates motor function in characteristic ways .
### Output Text: | The pathophysiology of painful temporomandibular disorders is not fully understood , but evidence suggests that muscle pain modulates motor function in characteristic ways . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: This study tested the hypothesis that activation of nociceptive muscle afferent fibers would be linked to an increased excitability of the human jaw - stretch reflex and whether this process would be sensitive to length and velocity of the stretch .
### Output Text: | This study tested the hypothesis that activation of nociceptive muscle afferent fibers would be linked to an increased excitability of the human jaw - stretch reflex and whether this process would be sensitive to length and velocity of the stretch . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Capsaicin ( 10 micro g ) was injected into the masseter muscle to induce pain in 11 healthy volunteers .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Capsaicin</span> ( 10 micro g ) was injected into the masseter muscle to induce pain in 11 healthy volunteers . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Short - latency reflex responses were evoked in the masseter and temporalis muscles by a stretch device with different velocities and displacements before , during , and after the pain .
### Output Text: | Short - latency reflex responses were evoked in the masseter and temporalis muscles by a stretch device with different velocities and displacements before , during , and after the pain . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The normalized reflex amplitude increased with an increase in velocity at a given displacement , but remained constant with different displacements at a given velocity .
### Output Text: | The normalized reflex amplitude increased with an increase in velocity at a given displacement , but remained constant with different displacements at a given velocity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The normalized reflex amplitude was significantly higher during pain , but only at faster stretches in the painful muscle .
### Output Text: | The normalized reflex amplitude was significantly higher during pain , but only at faster stretches in the painful muscle . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Increased sensitivity of the fusimotor system during acute muscle pain could be one likely mechanism to explain the findings .
### Output Text: | Increased sensitivity of the fusimotor system during acute muscle pain could be one likely mechanism to explain the findings . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Effects of 5 - HT1B receptor ligands microinjected into the accumbal shell or core on the cocaine - induced locomotor hyperactivity in rats .
### Output Text: | Effects of 5 - HT1B receptor ligands microinjected into the accumbal shell or core on the <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> - induced locomotor hyperactivity in rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The present study was designed to examine the effect of 5 - HT1B receptor ligands microinjected into the subregions of the nucleus accumbens ( the shell and the core ) on the locomotor hyperactivity induced by cocaine in rats .
### Output Text: | The present study was designed to examine the effect of 5 - HT1B receptor ligands microinjected into the subregions of the nucleus accumbens ( the shell and the core ) on the locomotor hyperactivity induced by <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> in rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Male Wistar rats were implanted bilaterally with cannulae into the accumbens shell or core , and then were locally injected with GR 55562 ( an antagonist of 5 - HT1B receptors ) or CP 93129 ( an agonist of 5 - HT1B receptors ) .
### Output Text: | Male Wistar rats were implanted bilaterally with cannulae into the accumbens shell or core , and then were locally injected with <span class="chemical">GR 55562</span> ( an antagonist of 5 - HT1B receptors ) or <span class="chemical">CP 93129</span> ( an agonist of 5 - HT1B receptors ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Given alone to any accumbal subregion , GR 55562 ( 0 . 1 - 10 microg / side ) or CP 93129 ( 0 . 1 - 10 microg / side ) did not change basal locomotor activity .
### Output Text: | Given alone to any accumbal subregion , <span class="chemical">GR 55562</span> ( 0 . 1 - 10 microg / side ) or <span class="chemical">CP 93129</span> ( 0 . 1 - 10 microg / side ) did not change basal locomotor activity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Systemic cocaine ( 10 mg / kg ) significantly increased the locomotor activity of rats .
### Output Text: | Systemic <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> ( 10 mg / kg ) significantly increased the locomotor activity of rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: GR 55562 ( 0 . 1 - 10 microg / side ) , administered intra - accumbens shell prior to cocaine , dose - dependently attenuated the psychostimulant - induced locomotor hyperactivity .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">GR 55562</span> ( 0 . 1 - 10 microg / side ) , administered intra - accumbens shell prior to <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> , dose - dependently attenuated the psychostimulant - induced locomotor hyperactivity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Such attenuation was not found in animals which had been injected with GR 55562 into the accumbens core .
### Output Text: | Such attenuation was not found in animals which had been injected with <span class="chemical">GR 55562</span> into the accumbens core . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: When injected into the accumbens shell ( but not the core ) before cocaine , CP 93129 ( 0 . 1 - 10 microg / side ) enhanced the locomotor response to cocaine ; the maximum effect being observed after 10 microg / side of the agonist .
### Output Text: | When injected into the accumbens shell ( but not the core ) before <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> , <span class="chemical">CP 93129</span> ( 0 . 1 - 10 microg / side ) enhanced the locomotor response to <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> ; the maximum effect being observed after 10 microg / side of the agonist . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The later enhancement was attenuated after intra - accumbens shell treatment with GR 55562 ( 1 microg / side ) .
### Output Text: | The later enhancement was attenuated after intra - accumbens shell treatment with <span class="chemical">GR 55562</span> ( 1 microg / side ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Our findings indicate that cocaine induced hyperlocomotion is modified by 5 - HT1B receptor ligands microinjected into the accumbens shell , but not core , this modification consisting in inhibitory and facilitatory effects of the 5 - HT1B receptor antagonist ( GR 55562 ) and agonist ( CP 93129 ) , respectively .
### Output Text: | Our findings indicate that <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> induced hyperlocomotion is modified by 5 - HT1B receptor ligands microinjected into the accumbens shell , but not core , this modification consisting in inhibitory and facilitatory effects of the 5 - HT1B receptor antagonist ( <span class="chemical">GR 55562</span> ) and agonist ( <span class="chemical">CP 93129</span> ) , respectively . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In other words , the present results suggest that the accumbal shell 5 - HT1B receptors play a permissive role in the behavioural response to the psychostimulant .
### Output Text: | In other words , the present results suggest that the accumbal shell 5 - HT1B receptors play a permissive role in the behavioural response to the psychostimulant . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Cocaine related chest pain : are we seeing the tip of an iceberg ?
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Cocaine</span> related chest pain : are we seeing the tip of an iceberg ? |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The recreational use of cocaine is on the increase .
### Output Text: | The recreational use of <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> is on the increase . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The emergency nurse ought to be familiar with some of the cardiovascular consequences of cocaine use .
### Output Text: | The emergency nurse ought to be familiar with some of the cardiovascular consequences of <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> use . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In particular , the tendency of cocaine to produce chest pain ought to be in the mind of the emergency nurse when faced with a young victim of chest pain who is otherwise at low risk .
### Output Text: | In particular , the tendency of <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> to produce chest pain ought to be in the mind of the emergency nurse when faced with a young victim of chest pain who is otherwise at low risk . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The mechanism of chest pain related to cocaine use is discussed and treatment dilemmas are discussed .
### Output Text: | The mechanism of chest pain related to <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> use is discussed and treatment dilemmas are discussed . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Finally , moral issues relating to the testing of potential cocaine users will be addressed .
### Output Text: | Finally , moral issues relating to the testing of potential <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> users will be addressed . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Crossover comparison of efficacy and preference for rizatriptan 10 mg versus ergotamine / caffeine in migraine .
### Output Text: | Crossover comparison of efficacy and preference for <span class="chemical">rizatriptan</span> 10 mg versus <span class="chemical">ergotamine</span> / <span class="chemical">caffeine</span> in migraine . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Rizatriptan is a selective 5 - HT ( 1B / 1D ) receptor agonist with rapid oral absorption and early onset of action in the acute treatment of migraine .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Rizatriptan</span> is a selective <span class="chemical">5 - HT</span> ( 1B / 1D ) receptor agonist with rapid oral absorption and early onset of action in the acute treatment of migraine . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: This randomized double - blind crossover outpatient study assessed the preference for 1 rizatriptan 10 mg tablet to 2 ergotamine 1 mg / caffeine 100 mg tablets in 439 patients treating a single migraine attack with each therapy .
### Output Text: | This randomized double - blind crossover outpatient study assessed the preference for 1 <span class="chemical">rizatriptan</span> 10 mg tablet to 2 <span class="chemical">ergotamine</span> 1 mg / <span class="chemical">caffeine</span> 100 mg tablets in 439 patients treating a single migraine attack with each therapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Of patients expressing a preference ( 89 . 1 % ) , more than twice as many preferred rizatriptan to ergotamine / caffeine ( 69 . 9 vs . 30 . 1 % , p < or = 0 . 001 ) .
### Output Text: | Of patients expressing a preference ( 89 . 1 % ) , more than twice as many preferred <span class="chemical">rizatriptan</span> to <span class="chemical">ergotamine</span> / <span class="chemical">caffeine</span> ( 69 . 9 vs . 30 . 1 % , p < or = 0 . 001 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Faster relief of headache was the most important reason for preference , cited by 67 . 3 % of patients preferring rizatriptan and 54 . 2 % of patients who preferred ergotamine / caffeine .
### Output Text: | Faster relief of headache was the most important reason for preference , cited by 67 . 3 % of patients preferring <span class="chemical">rizatriptan</span> and 54 . 2 % of patients who preferred <span class="chemical">ergotamine</span> / <span class="chemical">caffeine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The co - primary endpoint of being pain free at 2 h was also in favor of rizatriptan .
### Output Text: | The co - primary endpoint of being pain free at 2 h was also in favor of <span class="chemical">rizatriptan</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Forty - nine percent of patients were pain free 2 h after rizatriptan , compared with 24 . 3 % treated with ergotamine / caffeine ( p < or = 0 . 001 ) , rizatriptan being superior within 1 h of treatment .
### Output Text: | Forty - nine percent of patients were pain free 2 h after <span class="chemical">rizatriptan</span> , compared with 24 . 3 % treated with <span class="chemical">ergotamine</span> / <span class="chemical">caffeine</span> ( p < or = 0 . 001 ) , <span class="chemical">rizatriptan</span> being superior within 1 h of treatment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Headache relief at 2 h was 75 . 9 % for rizatriptan and 47 . 3 % for ergotamine / caffeine ( p < or = 0 . 001 ) , with rizatriptan being superior to ergotamine / caffeine within 30 min of dosing .
### Output Text: | Headache relief at 2 h was 75 . 9 % for <span class="chemical">rizatriptan</span> and 47 . 3 % for <span class="chemical">ergotamine</span> / <span class="chemical">caffeine</span> ( p < or = 0 . 001 ) , with <span class="chemical">rizatriptan</span> being superior to <span class="chemical">ergotamine</span> / <span class="chemical">caffeine</span> within 30 min of dosing . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Almost 36 % of patients taking rizatriptan were pain free at 2 h and had no recurrence or need for additional medication within 24 h , compared to 20 % of patients on ergotamine / caffeine ( p < or = 0 . 001 ) .
### Output Text: | Almost 36 % of patients taking <span class="chemical">rizatriptan</span> were pain free at 2 h and had no recurrence or need for additional medication within 24 h , compared to 20 % of patients on <span class="chemical">ergotamine</span> / <span class="chemical">caffeine</span> ( p < or = 0 . 001 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Rizatriptan was also superior to ergotamine / caffeine in the proportions of patients with no nausea , vomiting , phonophobia or photophobia and for patients with normal function 2 h after drug intake ( p < or = 0 . 001 ) .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Rizatriptan</span> was also superior to <span class="chemical">ergotamine</span> / <span class="chemical">caffeine</span> in the proportions of patients with no nausea , vomiting , phonophobia or photophobia and for patients with normal function 2 h after drug intake ( p < or = 0 . 001 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: More patients were ( completely , very or somewhat ) satisfied 2 h after treatment with rizatriptan ( 69 . 8 % ) than at 2 h after treatment with ergotamine / caffeine ( 38 . 6 % , p < or = 0 . 001 ) .
### Output Text: | More patients were ( completely , very or somewhat ) satisfied 2 h after treatment with <span class="chemical">rizatriptan</span> ( 69 . 8 % ) than at 2 h after treatment with <span class="chemical">ergotamine</span> / <span class="chemical">caffeine</span> ( 38 . 6 % , p < or = 0 . 001 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Recurrence rates were 31 . 4 % with rizatriptan and 15 . 3 % with ergotamine / caffeine .
### Output Text: | Recurrence rates were 31 . 4 % with <span class="chemical">rizatriptan</span> and 15 . 3 % with <span class="chemical">ergotamine</span> / <span class="chemical">caffeine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Both active treatments were well tolerated .
### Output Text: | Both active treatments were well tolerated . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The most common adverse events ( incidence > or = 5 % in one group ) after rizatriptan and ergotamine / caffeine , respectively , were dizziness ( 6 . 7 and 5 . 3 % ) , nausea ( 4 . 2 and 8 . 5 % ) and somnolence ( 5 . 5 and 2 . 3 % ) .
### Output Text: | The most common adverse events ( incidence > or = 5 % in one group ) after <span class="chemical">rizatriptan</span> and <span class="chemical">ergotamine</span> / <span class="chemical">caffeine</span> , respectively , were dizziness ( 6 . 7 and 5 . 3 % ) , nausea ( 4 . 2 and 8 . 5 % ) and somnolence ( 5 . 5 and 2 . 3 % ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Severe ocular and orbital toxicity after intracarotid injection of carboplatin for recurrent glioblastomas .
### Output Text: | Severe ocular and orbital toxicity after intracarotid injection of <span class="chemical">carboplatin</span> for recurrent glioblastomas . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: BACKGROUND : Glioblastoma is a malignant tumor that occurs in the cerebrum during adulthood .
### Output Text: | BACKGROUND : Glioblastoma is a malignant tumor that occurs in the cerebrum during adulthood . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: With current treatment regimens including combined surgery , radiation and chemotherapy , the average life expectancy of the patients is limited to approximately 1 year .
### Output Text: | With current treatment regimens including combined surgery , radiation and chemotherapy , the average life expectancy of the patients is limited to approximately 1 year . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Therefore , patients with glioblastoma sometimes have intracarotid injection of carcinostatics added to the treatment regimen .
### Output Text: | Therefore , patients with glioblastoma sometimes have intracarotid injection of carcinostatics added to the treatment regimen . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Generally , carboplatin is said to have milder side effects than cisplatin , whose ocular and orbital toxicity are well known .
### Output Text: | Generally , <span class="chemical">carboplatin</span> is said to have milder side effects than <span class="chemical">cisplatin</span> , whose ocular and orbital toxicity are well known . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: However , we experienced a case of severe ocular and orbital toxicity after intracarotid injection of carboplatin , which is infrequently reported .
### Output Text: | However , we experienced a case of severe ocular and orbital toxicity after intracarotid injection of <span class="chemical">carboplatin</span> , which is infrequently reported . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CASE : A 58 - year - old man received an intracarotid injection of carboplatin for recurrent glioblastomas in his left temporal lobe .
### Output Text: | CASE : A 58 - year - old man received an intracarotid injection of <span class="chemical">carboplatin</span> for recurrent glioblastomas in his left temporal lobe . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: He complained of pain and visual disturbance in the ipsilateral eye 30 h after the injection .
### Output Text: | He complained of pain and visual disturbance in the ipsilateral eye 30 h after the injection . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Various ocular symptoms and findings caused by carboplatin toxicity were seen .
### Output Text: | Various ocular symptoms and findings caused by <span class="chemical">carboplatin</span> toxicity were seen . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RESULTS : He was treated with intravenous administration of corticosteroids and glycerin for 6 days after the injection .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : He was treated with intravenous administration of corticosteroids and <span class="chemical">glycerin</span> for 6 days after the injection . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Although the intraocular pressure elevation caused by secondary acute angle - closure glaucoma decreased and ocular pain diminished , inexorable papilledema and exudative retinal detachment continued for 3 weeks .
### Output Text: | Although the intraocular pressure elevation caused by secondary acute angle - closure glaucoma decreased and ocular pain diminished , inexorable papilledema and exudative retinal detachment continued for 3 weeks . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Finally , 6 weeks later , diffuse chorioretinal atrophy with optic atrophy occurred and the vision in his left eye was lost .
### Output Text: | Finally , 6 weeks later , diffuse chorioretinal atrophy with optic atrophy occurred and the vision in his left eye was lost . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CONCLUSION : When performing intracarotid injection of carboplatin , we must be aware of its potentially blinding ocular toxicity .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSION : When performing intracarotid injection of <span class="chemical">carboplatin</span> , we must be aware of its potentially blinding ocular toxicity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: It is recommended that further studies and investigations are undertaken in the effort to minimize such severe side effects .
### Output Text: | It is recommended that further studies and investigations are undertaken in the effort to minimize such severe side effects . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Visual hallucinations associated with zonisamide .
### Output Text: | Visual hallucinations associated with <span class="chemical">zonisamide</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Zonisamide is a broad - spectrum antiepileptic drug used to treat various types of seizures .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Zonisamide</span> is a broad - spectrum antiepileptic drug used to treat various types of seizures . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Although visual hallucinations have not been reported as an adverse effect of this agent , we describe three patients who experienced complex visual hallucinations and altered mental status after zonisamide treatment was begun or its dosage increased .
### Output Text: | Although visual hallucinations have not been reported as an adverse effect of this agent , we describe three patients who experienced complex visual hallucinations and altered mental status after <span class="chemical">zonisamide</span> treatment was begun or its dosage increased . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: All three had been diagnosed earlier with epilepsy , and their electroencephalogram ( EEG ) findings were abnormal .
### Output Text: | All three had been diagnosed earlier with epilepsy , and their electroencephalogram ( EEG ) findings were abnormal . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: During monitoring , visual hallucinations did not correlate with EEG readings , nor did video recording capture any of the described events .
### Output Text: | During monitoring , visual hallucinations did not correlate with EEG readings , nor did video recording capture any of the described events . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: None of the patients had experienced visual hallucinations before this event .
### Output Text: | None of the patients had experienced visual hallucinations before this event . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The only recent change in their treatment was the introduction or increased dosage of zonisamide .
### Output Text: | The only recent change in their treatment was the introduction or increased dosage of <span class="chemical">zonisamide</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: With either discontinuation or decreased dosage of the drug the symptoms disappeared and did not recur .
### Output Text: | With either discontinuation or decreased dosage of the drug the symptoms disappeared and did not recur . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Further observations and reports will help clarify this adverse effect .
### Output Text: | Further observations and reports will help clarify this adverse effect . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Until then , clinicians need to be aware of this possible complication associated with zonisamide .
### Output Text: | Until then , clinicians need to be aware of this possible complication associated with <span class="chemical">zonisamide</span> . |