Case Study
Patient Demographic: Name: Jeanne Clinical Issues: Fear and panic Diagnostic Category: Anxiety Disorders Provisional Diagnosis: F41.9 Unspecified Anxiety Disorder Age: 35 Sex Assigned at Birth: Female Gender and Sexual Orientation: Female, Heterosexual Ethnicity: Latin American Marital Status: Married Modality: Individual Therapy Location of Therapy : Community Center  
Mental Status Exam: The client appears tearful and overwhelmed. Her affect is mood congruent with her reported symptoms of panic, stress, and guilt. The client has a poor sense of control over her current mental state, leading to ideas and fears of not being able to cope with her current circumstances. She reports having panic attacks and expresses feeling overwhelmed by the demands of motherhood and home life. The client has difficulty concentrating on tasks, as well as changes in her eating habits, sleeping patterns, and overall mood, leading to worries about managing her responsibilities as a mother. She expresses an understanding of her situation and an awareness that her current mental state is not sustainable in the long-term. She has also expressed a desire to seek counseling as a first step towards managing her anxiety.
Presenting Problem: First session You are a therapist at a community center. The client is a married, 35-year-old mother of two young children. She is a stay-at-home mother, and the family is financially dependent on her husband's income. He works long hours and is very tired when he finally gets home, leaving most of the household tasks and childrearing to the client. She tells you, "About eight months ago while driving my car, I began having hot flushes, sweating, and feeling like I was going to die. It has happened multiple times since then. What if my kids are with me, and it happens again while I'm driving? I can't stop thinking about it." She states that her husband drove her to the session today because she has been afraid to drive since her first panic attack.    She describes another incident two weeks ago while getting her hair cut. She began feeling like she had a heart attack. She tells you, "I sat straight up in the middle of having my hair shampooed and just ran out the door. The room felt so small all of the sudden and I couldn't stand it. It's so embarrassing. It doesn't make any sense." As she wipes tears from her eyes, she shares, "I'm becoming more and more afraid to leave my house by myself. I'm not even going to church anymore. The idea of being in a closed room full of people freaks me out. I'm terrified I'm going to have another 'attack.' I can't tell when another one will come on, and I don't even know how long it will last. Please, help me. I'm no good to anyone right now - not me, my kids, or my husband."    She tells you that she had a "bad experience" with medications in the past and wants to try counseling before considering medications again. She expresses feeling afraid that she will never "get better." She also states she feels like a "bad wife and mother" because she cannot control her anxiety. You discuss the principles of panic-focused CBT and mindfulness-based stress reduction to effectively treat her.
Other Contexts: The client has two young children, ages four and six, both of whom have been diagnosed with ADHD. She has been married for ten years. Her husband is 47, twelve years her senior. He works full-time, and she is a stay-at-home mom.    For the past year, the client has reported feeling overwhelmed with the demands of motherhood and home life. She feels that her husband does not understand her struggles, nor does he contribute enough to their household responsibilities. This lack of support from her husband has caused her to feel a deep sense of resentment. She is also concerned that her children are not receiving the support they need from their father, as his involvement in their lives appears to be minimal.    The client expresses frustration with her lack of motivation and has become increasingly more anxious and irritable over the past several months. She reports difficulty concentrating on tasks. She feels her stress levels are rising and she is having recurrent panic attacks. In addition, she has noticed changes in her eating habits, sleeping patterns, and overall mood. These changes have caused the client to worry about managing her responsibilities as a mother. The client has been a full-time stay-at-home mother since the birth of her older child. Before that, she was a salesperson and shift manager at a local women's clothing boutique for several years. Since becoming a stay-at-home mom, the client has felt increasingly isolated and disconnected from the outside world. She fears she has lost her ability to successfully manage conversations with strangers, her skills in sales and marketing have eroded, and she no longer feels as confident in herself. Previous Counseling: The client has been hospitalized as she feared she was having a heart attack which turned out to be a panic attack. According to he client, her husband (her designated emergency contact person) was responsible for creating the conditions that resulted in her being hospitalized. 

Question: What is the best course of action at this time for the client to take regarding her fear of driving?
(A): The client should immediately start driving again.
(B): The client should practice relaxation techniques while driving to reduce the risk of panic attacks.
(C): The client should avoid driving altogether and rely on her husband or other transportation options when needing to travel.
(D): The client should attempt to drive with an adult and her children in the car to simulate in vivo.

Correct Answer: The client should avoid driving altogether and rely on her husband or other transportation options when needing to travel.
Explanation: At this point in the client's therapy, the client needs to avoid driving altogether if she experiences panic attacks while doing so. Panic attacks can cause physical symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, and chest pain which can impair her ability to safely operate the vehicle. Additionally, panic attacks can cause mental confusion and cloud judgment, further exacerbating the risk of an accident. The client should rely on her husband or other transportation options to ensure her safety and the safety of others on the road. Therefore, the correct answer is (A)
Competency: treatment planning