Case Study
Patient Demographic: Client Age: 30 Sex: Female Gender: Female Sexuality: Heterosexual Ethnicity: Caucasian Relationship Status: Single Counseling Setting: Agency Type of Counseling: Outpatient Presenting Problem: Recent Hospital Discharge Diagnosis: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) 301.83 (F60.3)
Mental Status Exam: Mental Status Exam: The client is wearing a low-cut blouse and short shorts. Her affect and mood are labile, and her speech is pressured. She is fidgety at times and sits with her arms crossed. The client states that she has had three previous suicide attempts and has been cutting since her late twenties. Her last suicide attempt was an overdose, which resulted in her recent hospitalization. She stated that this was the result of her last boyfriend “ghosting” her. The client denies audiovisual hallucinations but states that she often feels that others are conspiring against her. She says that she continues to have suicidal thoughts but denies having a current plan. Fam
Presenting Problem: You are a mental health counselor in an outpatient setting. Your client is a 30-year-old white female who was released from the hospital 48 hours ago. The client presents today for a postdischarge follow-up appointment. The hospital clinician diagnosed the client with borderline personality disorder(BPD) and substance use disorder. The client has a history of suicidality, impulsivity, and relational instability. She explains that she has a “quick temper,” which occurs when she is feeling rejected. She explains that she has a long history of being treated poorly by others, including her last boyfriend, former employers, and family members. During these times, the client admits to substance misuse and self-mutilation (i.e., cutting). She states that there are times when she drinks to black out and that she is more inclined to do so when her feelings become intolerable. The client has had multiple hospital admissions and has been in the care of several counselors. She questions your credentials and your ability to “work with someone like (her).”
Other Contexts: The client no-showed for her last session without calling to cancel. She arrives today, appearing disheveled and irritable. The client states that she has not been sleeping well. She explains that she was talking to someone on an online dating site and had planned a face-to-face meeting this past weekend. She says she waited at the bar for more than an hour and finally realized that her date had stood her up. She explained that she was in so much shame after the incident that she engaged in self-harm. The client reveals superficial razor cuts on her thigh and upper arm. She says she feels like she is a failure and undeserving of love.  You model a dialectical stance for the client by providing acceptance while simultaneously facilitating change

Question: You model a dialectical stance for the client by providing acceptance while simultaneously facilitating change. This is a process known as which of the following?
(A): Validation
(B): Clarification
(C): Confirmation
(D): Affirmation

Correct Answer: Validation
Explanation: Validation refers to a counselor’s ability to provide acceptance while simultaneously facilitating change. Engaging in this paradox exemplifies a dialectical stance, which is to hold two seemingly opposed truths. It is a practice of dialectical behavior therapy that can help decrease the client’s physiological and psychological arousal. In general, affirmations are statements acknowledging an individual’s positive qualities or capabilities. Counselors use confirmation when establishing truth or certainty. Clarification is used when counselors seek understanding when ideas are expressed when statements are contradictory or difficult to understand. Therefore, the correct answer is (A)
Competency: counseling skills and interventions