Case Study
Patient Demographic: Name: Gregory Clinical Issues: Behavioral problems Diagnostic Category: Disruptive/Impulse-Control/Conduct Disorders Provisional Diagnosis: F91.3 Oppositional Defiant Disorder Age: 14 Sex Assigned at Birth: Male Gender and Sexual Orientation: Male, Not Assessed Ethnicity: Black Marital Status: Not Assessed Modality: Individual Therapy Location of Therapy : Private Practice  
Mental Status Exam: The client appears obese and his clothing is unkempt. His behavior is uncooperative. He finds people "annoying" and can at times be vindictive toward people he finds "annoying." His mood is angry and affect is irritable. His flow of thought is coherent and goal-directed. His overall responses at times show themes of low self-esteem. He denies any current thoughts of suicide or homicide. He does not display any signs of hallucinations or delusions. His vocabulary is age-appropriate, but his speech is at times sarcastic. He answers questions coherently. Thought process is linear and coherent. He is oriented X3. Memory is intact for recent, remote, and immediate. Insight and judgement are poor.
Presenting Problem: First session You are a mental health counselor working in private practice. Gregory, a 14-year-old male, presents to the initial session with his mother. She reports that her son has been skipping school, hanging out with a negative peer group, and his grades are starting to slip. He refuses to listen to his mother, saying she is "strict and unfair." Gregory, who up to this point has been sitting quietly with his arms crossed, rolls his eyes and says, "She should be in therapy, not me."    Gregory's mother continues on to express concern over his decline in school performance, noting that "he is having problems with some teachers and staff." Last week, he got up in the middle of class and when told to sit down, he said, "I have to go to the bathroom." He walked out and slammed the door behind him. He was sent to the principal's office as a consequence. He has also become vindictive toward certain classmates. When asked why, he states, "because they think they're better than me."    His mother reports that at home, Gregory has become increasingly isolated, spending most of his free time alone in his room or out with a group of teenagers she does not recognize. He has has become increasingly hostile and verbally abusive toward his mother and brothers, resulting in frequent arguments. He routinely ignores his curfew and refuses to participate in family activities.    You thank the mother for sharing her concerns and ask to speak with Gregory alone to give him a chance to express himself freely. You want to obtain his assent to join in therapy and understand what is causing him to act out.
Other Contexts: The client resides with his mother and three older brothers. He describes his brothers and mother as "annoying" and tells you that none of them listens to him. 18 months ago, his father passed away after a long illness. The client says that his dad was the only family member who understood him.    The client feels he has no one to talk to and does not get along with his family members. He reports difficulty trusting others and is guarded in his relationships. He has become more irritable and vindictive since his father's death.  The client denies drug or alcohol use and responds to your question, saying, "What? Are you an idiot? Do I look like someone that would be stupid enough to do drugs?" The client scoffed and continued, "Why would I waste my time and energy risking my future for something so pointless." He then crossed his arms and stared defiantly, clearly not interested in discussing the matter further.

Question: Which option is the best course of action to take when dealing with minors and confidentiality?
(A): Let the minor know that you will inform his parent of session content to maintain open communication. because he has no right to privacy.
(B): Let the minor know that you will maintain confidentiality, regardless of his parent's requests for access to session information
(C): Let the minor know that you will maintain confidentiality to the extent that you are able, but that his right to privacy in therapy is limited.
(D): Let the minor know that you will not share your personal therapy notes of the session with his parents.

Correct Answer: Let the minor know that you will maintain confidentiality to the extent that you are able, but that his right to privacy in therapy is limited.
Explanation: A minor's privacy in therapy is limited. Individuals under eighteen do not typically have a right to confidentiality in therapy. Therefore, the correct answer is (D)
Competency: professional practice and ethics