Case Study
Patient Demographic: Initial Intake: Age: 70 Gender: Female Sexual Orientation: Heterosexual Race/Ethnicity: Caucasian/Non-Hispanic Relationship Status: Widowed Counseling Setting: Private Practice Telemedicine Type of Counseling: Virtual Individual
Mental Status Exam: Mary presents with anxious mood and congruent affect. Speech is normal rate and tone, motor movements within normal limits. Denies hallucinations, delusions, suicidal or homicidal ideation. Mary is well-dressed, adorned with makeup, jewelry, and stylish hairstyle. Mary frequently resists the urge to cry as evidenced by smiling and deflecting when becoming tearful. She tells you she wants to work on herself but appears mildly offended whenever given feedback or asked a personal question and then changes the subject.
Presenting Problem: Diagnosis: Anxiety disorder, unspecified (F41.9), Adjustment disorder, unspecified (F43.20)
 

You are an associate counselor and receive a new referral for a virtual client through your company’s telehealth practice. Mary is a 70-year-old widow who lives alone with her dog in a 55+ active living community. Mary moved to her town to live closer to her daughter and son-in-law when she lost her husband suddenly to cancer four years ago. Mary is struggling with feeling comfortable leaving the house or engaging in any social gatherings outside of being with her children. She wants to make friends her age and take local activity classes, but her anxiety prevents her from committing to plans. Mary has been widowed for four years but has not yet committed to counseling or attendance in grief support groups. She has felt insecure socially since her husband died, but reports being a “social butterfly” before his passing. She admitted to only visiting her husband’s grave on his birthday but is unable to do so any other time. Also, since the COVID-19 outbreak, Mary’s fears and concerns have increased as she is immunocompromised. She asks you for counseling but cannot define what she wants to get out of it.
Other Contexts:  
Family History:
Mary was married to her children’s father for 25 years until he had an affair and left her for the other woman. After a few years, Mary met her late husband and was married another 20 years until he became diagnosed with lymphoma and died within three months of being diagnosed. Mary has three older sisters, all of whom live in different states but come to visit seasonally. She celebrates her late mother’s birthday annually, expressing symptoms of grief each year, and becomes inconsolable on the anniversaries of her late husband’s passing. She tells you only country music calms her down.
 
Work History:
Mary was a stay-at-home mother and wife for both of her marriages, working several jobs in-between marriages as a children’s dental receptionist and an antiques shopkeeper. She opened her own shoppe after meeting her late husband where she sold and displayed southern home décor. She had to close her store down when her husband moved for work. She spent much of her free time making greeting cards and crafts at home, until her hands developed arthritis and she lost enjoyment of her hobbies. She now lives off social security and her late husband’s estate that he left for her.

Question: It is clear after your second session with Mary that she will continue to struggle with debilitating anxiety symptoms until she is willing to address her unresolved grief. How should you approach this?
(A): motivational interviewing process
(B): do not address it unless Mary brings it up herself
(C): caring confrontation out of ethical responsibility
(D): education on the long-term effects of unresolved grief

Correct Answer: motivational interviewing process
Explanation: Using motivational interviewing in your counseling with Mary will help you address your primary treatment goal with her, but without using a confrontational style that might cause her to be defensive or resistant. MI can provide a non-judgmental, supportive, and client-led environment for a discussion centered around the client's desired change and factors that increase motivation. Waiting for Mary to work on her grief is a different strategy than waiting for an appropriate time to begin MI interventions. It can be empathic to wait for a future session to address her problem, however waiting for Mary indefinitely is not helpful as she has already suffered for four years without improvement to her condition. Providing education on unresolved grief disorders is useful and can be part of the process; but not used as a means for approaching her unwillingness to engage in the topic. Therefore, the correct answer is (D)
Competency: counseling skills and interventions