Case Study
Patient Demographic: Name: Bianca Clinical Issues: Difficulty adjusting to life changes Diagnostic Category: V-codes Provisional Diagnosis: Z60.0 Phase of Life Problem Age: 62 Sex Assigned at Birth: Female Gender and Sexual Orientation: Female, Heterosexual Ethnicity: Black Marital Status: Separated Modality: Individual Therapy Location of Therapy : Agency  
Mental Status Exam: The client is a 62-year-old female, wearing work attire. She appears to be in good hygiene and her dress is neat and appropriate for the situation. Her facial expression is sad and she has tear tracks on her cheeks. Her mood is noticeably depressed, anxious, and tearful. Her affect is constricted. She has coherent thought processes with appropriate content. She expresses feelings of sadness over her failed marriage and overwhelm about being alone. The client has intact memory and concentration. She has fair insight into her current situation and is able to verbalize her feelings in a coherent manner.
Presenting Problem: First session The client comes to the agency practice where you currently work as a licensed mental health therapist. She is a 62-year-old female who recently retired from an accounting firm employment. She is seeking treatment after her marriage recently failed. A few months ago, he husband filed for a legal separation and is currently romantically involved with another woman. The client looks at you tearfully and says, "I can't believe this is happening at my age. I am all alone. What am I going to do?" She continues to cry uncontrollably. You focus on providing a safe and secure environment. You assure her that she will not be judged or criticized in any way, and all of the conversations during the session will remain confidential. You gently let her know that it is okay to cry, and you are there to listen without judgement. You also tell the client that it is natural to feel lost and alone after a separation, especially since she and her husband have been together for such a long time. She says, "I just feel like such a fool. He cheated on me once before - that I know of - and now he's done it again. I stayed with him for over 30 years, and now I have nothing." She describes having mixed feelings of anger, sadness, fear, and confusion. She states, "There are moments where I'm so mad at him for leaving. Mad enough that I could break something! Our marriage wasn't perfect, but I thought he was committed to me. Well, obviously he wasn't. Then I start to question what's wrong with me that made him leave. And then I think about the future and how I'm going to live by myself. It's all so overwhelming." She further discloses that she is worried about having panic attacks again because "that's what happened the last time something of this magnitude happened to me."    You reinforce the idea that it is important to focus on the fact that she is not alone and many people in similar situations feel overwhelmed and uncertain about their future. You let her know she is in a safe space to explore her feelings, work through her loss, and develop a plan for moving forward. You encourage her to reach out for support during this challenging time rather than isolate herself as she goes through this difficult change.  Fifth session The client has been seeing you for individual therapy sessions every week. You have developed a strong rapport with her and collaborated on treatment goals, with her overall goal being to have a positive outlook on her life. During the last session, you gave her a homework assignment to begin keeping a journal, using the ABC model of rational emotive behavior therapy to identify self-defeating beliefs and understand how they are contributing to her emotional distress. You have also been working with her to process her feelings about her separation and develop coping skills.    During today's session, she seems depressed, as she tells you her husband met with an attorney and officially filed for divorce. You explore her journal entries, noting one in particular in which she describes an experience in which she was driving and saw her husband sitting outside a café with "the other woman." She circled back a few times in her car, hoping he would see her. In her mind, she fantasized that he would leave his new girlfriend and drive away with her, and everything would return to normal. You ask her to tell you more about what "normal" means to her. She says, "I guess I just want things to go back to how it was before. When I mattered, when I felt loved, and when he was committed to our marriage." You acknowledge her feelings and explain that while it may not be possible to go back to exactly how things were, there is still hope for the future. You express compassion and understanding, emphasizing that there is no right or wrong way to feel. She states, "I just have mixed feelings about everything! I feel angry and betrayed by my husband, but sometimes I want him to come back. I start to feel lonely and realize the reality of my situation and that I have no purpose anymore and am alone. What's the point? My kids don't care; I have nothing in my life now. Things are so painful I'd be better off dead." You reassure her that you are here to support her as she works through all of her difficult emotions.  Eighth session The client has been attending sessions weekly for two months. Today, you begin by reviewing the progress the client has made in therapy. She has joined a support group and has made some new friends but still feels anxious about her future. She has also joined a bridge group but is finding that she is having difficulty remembering what cards are being played. At your suggestion, she also made an appointment with a psychiatrist and was prescribed a low dosage of Paxil. She feels more positive and states that she may volunteer at a local animal shelter. The client also mentions that yesterday she received official divorce documents in the mail. As she tells you about this, you notice her mood shifts. She quietly shares, "On some level, I think I've known that my marriage has been over for a while, but when I got the legal papers, it made it feel real for the first time. My thoughts are all over the place. I'm still very hurt by all of this, but I know that I need to move forward with my life." The client tells you one of the friends she met in her support group suggested that she consider joining a dating app, and she asks if you could help her. She says, "Technology has changed so much since I first started dating my soon-to-be ex-husband. I don't know how any of this works!"    You validate her feelings and offer her reassurance that these kinds of emotions are completely normal in this situation. You suggest she take some time to process and grieve the end of her marriage. You also remind her that it is important to focus on some of the positive aspects of starting a new chapter in her life. You talk about how she can use the skills she has learned in therapy to manage her negative emotions and focus on positive self-talk. Additionally, you suggest some healthy coping strategies for managing the stress of this transition including exercise, meditation, journaling, and spending time with her new friends. You then refocus on the topic of dating, and you provide some helpful tips such as creating a profile that accurately reflects her interests, making sure to be honest about who she is, and being mindful of safety when meeting people in person. Finally, you remind her that it is important to take things slow and enjoy the process of getting to know someone. You also encourage her to remember that relationships can take different forms and that it is okay if she is not ready for a romantic relationship right now.    At the end of the session, you check in with her and ask how she is feeling. She tells you that while she still feels overwhelmed, she is feeling more prepared to move forward with her life. You end the session with words of encouragement and remind her that you are here to support her.

Question: You respond to the client's statement of feeling hurt by saying, "I can see why you are feeling hurt. Healing takes time, and it's okay to feel that way. It's important that you recognize that even though you are hurting right now, you have made great progress." What did you do here?
(A): Used constructive confrontation
(B): Used an open-ended question
(C): Reflection of meaning
(D): Used listening/attending and reflection skills

Correct Answer: Used listening/attending and reflection skills
Explanation: You used skills which made the client feel heard while reflecting on how far she has come in the therapeutic process while simultaneously validating her feelings. Therefore, the correct answer is (D)
Competency: counseling skills and interventions