instruction: In the Reuters news app, View the news in the Science category and open the first article

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{"name": "click", "parameters": {"x": 73, "y": 209}}
{"name": "click", "parameters": {"x": 367, "y": 1476}}

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      text: "When Canadian dairy farmer Ben Loewith\'s calves are born next spring, they will be among the first in the world to be bred with a specific environmental goal: burping less methane.\n\nLoewith, a third-generation farmer in Lynden, Ontario, in June started artificially inseminating 107 cows and heifers with the first-to-market bull semen with a low-methane genetic trait.\n\n\"Selectively breeding for lower emissions, as long as we\'re not sacrificing other traits, seems like an easy win,\" Loewith said."
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      text: "The arrival of commercially available genetics to produce dairy cattle that emit less methane could help reduce one of the biggest sources of the potent greenhouse gas, scientists and cattle industry experts say.\n\nBurps are the top source of methane emissions from cattle. Semex, the genetics company that sold Loewith the semen, said adoption of the low-methane trait could reduce methane emissions from Canada\'s dairy herd by 1.5% annually, and up to 20%-30% by 2050."
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      text: "The company this spring began marketing semen with the methane trait in 80 countries. Early sales include a farm in Britain and dairies in the US and Slovakia, said vice-president Drew Sloan.\n\nIf adopted widely, low-methane breeding could have a \"profound impact\" on cattle emissions globally, said Frank Mitloehner, professor of animal science at University of California Davis, who was not involved in developing the trait.\n\nSome dairy industry officials remain unconvinced about low-methane breeding, saying it could lead to digestion problems.\n\nCanada\'s agriculture department said in an email that it has not yet assessed the methane evaluation system underlying the product but that reducing emissions from livestock was \"extremely important.\"\n\nLivestock account for 14.5% of the world\'s greenhouse gas emissions. Methane is the second-biggest greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide.\n\nWhile farmers can feed additives to cattle to reduce methane production, their effects wear off once cattle stop eating them and they are not approved for use in the United States, Mitloehner said.\n\nThe low-methane breeding material is the product of a partnership between Semex and Canada\'s milk-recording agency Lactanet and based on research by Canadian scientists.\n\nLactanet in April released the world\'s first national genomic methane evaluation, and has produced results from Holstein cows and heifers on 6,000 farms, representing nearly 60% of Canada\'s dairy farms."
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      text: "The registry drew on seven years of research by University of Guelph and University of Alberta scientists to measure the methane of dairy cattle.\n\nThe scientists captured the exhalations of cattle to measure them for methane, and then compared the data against genetic information and milk samples.\n\nMethane emissions from Canadian dairy cows vary widely, from 250 to 750 grams per day, said Christine Baes, professor of animal biosciences at University of Guelph, who worked on the project.\n\nSelecting for the low methane trait could lock in lower and lower emissions for successive generations, she said.\n\n\"The breakthrough here is linking these different components to have a national breeding value estimation for methane emissions based on real breath of animals,\" Baes said.\n\n\"We also have genomic information and we match those up and create almost a telephone book to say, \'this animal has these genes and produces this much methane.\'\"\n\nSemex is not initially charging extra for the methane trait, said Michael Lohuis, Semex\'s vice-president of research and innovation. He declined to provide sales projections but expects sales to remain slow until financial incentives emerge.\n\nThe Canadian government currently offers no incentives for low-methane cattle breeding, but the agriculture department said in an email that Ottawa is working to introduce offset credits for reducing methane through better manure management.\n\nSome countries and food companies have begun to encourage farmers to move to lower-emitting cattle.\n\nNew Zealand will begin taxing farmers for methane from cattle in 2025.\n\nNestle (NESN.S) and Burger King parent Restaurant Brands International (QSR.TO) are tackling the methane problem in their supply chains by changing what cattle eat.\n\nMitloehner said he expects companies to eventually recognize low-methane breeding, too.\n\n\"Genetic change is permanent and cumulative across future generations so it can add up to substantive reductions,\" Lohuis said. \"This is certainly not the only tool dairy producers can use to reduce methane on-farm, but it may be the simplest and lowest-cost approach.\"\n\nOther dairy experts said such an approach could be problematic.\n\nJuha Nousiainen, senior vice-president at Valio, a Finnish dairy, warned that breeding cattle to burp less methane could create digestive problems.\n\nMethane is produced by microbes in the cow\'s gut as it digests fibre, not by the animal itself, he said.\n\nBack on his farm, Loewith is eager to see how the breeding decisions will play out.\n\n\"If it\'s something that you\'ve doubled down on generation after generation, then the impact becomes more significant.\"\n\nOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles."
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      text: "Sea ice in the Antarctic region has fallen to a record low this year as a result of rising global temperatures and there is no quick fix to reverse the damage done, scientists said on Tuesday in a new study of the impact of climate change on the continent.\n\nThe continent\'s minimum summer ice cover, which last year dipped below 2 million square kilometres (772,000 square miles) for the first time since satellite monitoring began in 1978, fell further to a new low in February, according to a study published in the journal Frontiers in Environmental Science."
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      text: "\"It\'s going to take decades if not centuries for these things to recover. There\'s no quick fix to replacing this ice,\" said Caroline Holmes, polar climate scientist at British Antarctic Survey and one of the study\'s co-authors.\n\n\"It will certainly take a long time, even if it\'s possible,\" she told a briefing with journalists.\n\nThis year\'s sea ice minimum is 20% lower than the average over the last 40 years, equivalent to a sea ice loss nearly 10 times the area of New Zealand, said Tim Naish, director of the Antarctic Research Centre at New Zealand\'s Victoria University of Wellington, who was not a participant in the study."
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      text: "\"In some cases we are getting close to tipping points, which once crossed will lead to irreversible changes with unstoppable consequences for future generations,\" Naish said.\n\nGlobal warming driven by the burning of fossil fuels has made Antarctica more vulnerable to extreme events and the impact is \"virtually certain\" to get worse, the study said.\n\nClimate change will \"lead to increases in the size and frequency\" of heatwaves, ice shelf collapses and declines in sea ice, it said, drawing on recent evidence from scientific studies of the Antarctic ocean, atmosphere, cryosphere and biosphere.\n\nThe precise impact of climate change on Antarctica and the surrounding ocean has been uncertain and scientists have struggled to measure how much global warming is affecting the thickness of Antarctic ice.\n\nBut from phenomena such as the rapid decline in sea ice, it is \"scientifically reasonable\" to assume that extreme events are going to intensify as global temperatures rise, said Martin Siegert, a glaciologist at the University of Exeter and another co-author.\n\nLast year, an \"atmospheric river\" originating from Australia drove subtropical heat and moisture into the continent, causing unprecedented temperatures up to 38.5 Celsius (69.3 Fahrenheit) above normal, the largest variance from the norm the world has ever experienced.\n\nSiegert described the temperature increase as \"absolutely astonishing\", adding that if it had occurred during the Antarctic summer, instead of winter, it would have triggered melting on the surface of the East Antarctic ice sheet, which has so far been spared from melting.\n\n\"Antarctica is fragile as an environment, but extreme events test that fragility,\" he said. \"What we\'re deeply concerned about is the increase in intensity and frequency of extreme events and the cascading influences that they have in other areas.\"\n\n(This story has been corrected to change location of university to New Zealand, not Australia, in paragraph 5)\n\nOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles."
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