cindermond/bento huggingface dataset:
What debate topic are the following sentences about?

1. An aggressor in a war can not be seen as a just actor and has therefore contributed to its own seclusion by acting in such a manner .
2. This marked Eritrea as the aggressor .
3. 1 -RRB- BBC , Eritrea broke law in border war , 21 December 2005 2 -RRB- Briggs , P. Ethiopia pg .30
4. Eritrea was officially recognised by an international Claims Commission as the initiator of the war .
5. Eritrea was responsible for instigating the war against Ethiopia , making it liable for its increased isolation .
6. They removed the Ethiopian presence from the state , compromising territorial integrity and incurred a reaction from Ethiopia .
7. The state invaded the region of Badme after a long diplomatic dispute over the border issue as they believed the territory was rightfully theirs .

This House believes that Eritrea is responsible for its isolation
Should we fear the power of government over the Internet?
What is a possible side to this debate?

Regulating the Internet is a means for governments to spy on their citizens
Sentences: 1. Locking up Pussy Riot in order to stop their opposition therefore fits in with Putins previous actions against his opposition and seems likely to be the desired result .
2. In the light of that , it seems an extraordinary coincidence that what he would have wanted is exactly what happened .
3. There seems to be little doubt in any ones mind that Putin and his regime were the focus of the protest .
4. It is , equally , no secret that Putin has a fairly brutal attitude towards political dissent ; he has expelled even allies in parliament for criticism , uses force to crush unsanctioned protests , and locks up potential opponents .
5. Suggesting that this is a happy coincidence for Putin would be a little like suggesting that the decision to have term limits for the presidency , just not for Putin , was just the happy outcome of an impartial process .
6. If this was just the Church and the courts happening to favour the interests of an over-mighty president , then Putin must be the luckiest man alive .
7. Putin himself said after they were sentenced `` We have red lines beyond which starts the destruction of the moral foundations of our society If people cross this line they should be made responsible in line with the law . ''
8. Putins record is not one that suggests that he is happy to step back and allow events to take their course in the hope that what he wants to happen just chances to come along quite the reverse .

What claim can be made from these sentences?

The blasphemy charge looks suspiciously convenient for Putin
What is the debate topic for the following sentences?

1. , accessed 28 August 2011
2. This is exemplified by the fact that in the 2005 General Elections , a plurality of English votes were cast in favour of the Conservative Party , -LRB- 35.7 % compared to labour 's 35.4 % -RRB- but a Labour Government was elected , partly on the back of the heavily Labour-dominated Scottish and Welsh votes .
3. This process is clearly unfair , and generates an inequality within the UK .
4. However , having done the Scottish and Welsh the service of allowing them to elect representatives of their political preferences , the UK denies this right to the English , forcing them to continue to be subject to the political preferences of the Scottish and Welsh , who can vote in Westminster elections .
5. Proponents of devolution must , therefore , believe that such differences exist .
6. If political preferences were the same between these nations , there would be no problem with having one central Parliament .
7. The devolution settlement acknowledges that the political preferences and cultural identities of the Scottish , Welsh and English peoples are sufficiently different to warrant the creation of separate Scottish and Welsh legislatures .
8. The status quo denies the English their own distinctive political identity .

This House would devolve power to an English Parliament
This house believes that Anarchism is a valuable political ideology
What is a possible side to this debate?

The state is a meaningless metaphysical entity that is unnecessary and indeed detrimental for our lives.
Claim: People can love more than one other person
What evidence supports this claim?

1. The idea that the individual can only truly love one person is artificial and false , a product of a particular time , place and culture .
2. In fact , in a study on human societies worldwide , of 1231 societies noted , only 186 were entirely monogamous .
3. Polygamy is not about freedom to fornicate with anyone ; it 's about cementing relationships with individuals one wants to spend the rest of one 's life with , just as in monogamous marriages .
This House Would Implement A Fat Tax
What argument could one make about this debate topic?

An individual's BMI is no longer a purely personal matter
What debate topic are the following sentences about?

1. It is palpably and demonstrably true that news outlets seek to avoid offending their market ; so liberal newspapers avoid exposs of bad behaviour by blacks or homosexuals otherwise they wouldnt have a readership .
2. Indeed , the news outlets that fail to do so are the ones most frequently and vociferously denounced by the high-minded intelligentsia who so frequently argue that broadcasting issues such as this constitutes free speech .
3. Western journalists may find it awkward that many in the Arab world find the issue of homosexuality unpleasant or offensive but many of the same journalists would be aghast if they were asked to report activities that ran counter to their cultural sensibilities simply as fact .
4. Most journalists try to minimise the harm caused by their reporting as shown by a study interviewing journalists on their ethics but how they define this harm and what they think will cause offence differs .
5. Expletives or graphic images of violence or sex are routinely prevented because they would cause offence , giving personal details might cause distress and are omitted as a courtesy , and the identities of minors are protected as a point of law in most jurisdictions .
6. Journalists and editors use their judgement all the time on what is acceptable to print or broadcast .
7. Where a particular fact or image is likely to cause offence or distress , it is routine to exercise self-censorship its called discretion and professional judgement .
8. It is simply untrue to suggest that journalists report the unvarnished truth with no regard to its ramifications .
9. Trask , Larry , The Other Marks on Your Keyboard , , 1997 , Posner , Richard , A. , Bad News , , 31 July 2005 , Deppa , Joan A , & Plaisance , Patrick Lee , 2009 Perceptions and Manifestations of Autonomy , Transparency and Harm Among U.S. Newspaper Journalists , , pp.328-386 , p. 358 ,

This House believes that news organisations should be free to exclude news of homosexuality where it causes offence to their viewers
Sentences: 1. As Russian president Medvedev stated in 2008 : No state can be pleased about having representatives of a military bloc to which it does not belong coming close to its borders .
2. The second issue is NATOs plans to expand with Ukraine and Georgia , which Russia has traditionally regarded as part of their sphere of influence .
3. Russia concludes that the missile defence system therefore must be directed at them .
4. The first is a proposal by the U.S. to put up a missile defence system in Poland , the Czech Republic and on warships in the Black Sea under the flag of NATO to protect against missiles from Iran or North Korea , which , according to Russia , would never fly over these countries in any attack .
5. There are two issues keeping Russia cautious of NATO as a military alliance .

What claim can be made from these sentences?

NATO destabilizes peaceful relations with Russia
This House believes that bribery is sometimes acceptable
What is a possible side to this debate?

Individuals may have no choice
This House Supports Scottish Independence
What argument could one make about this debate topic?

An independent Scotland has enormous economic potential to join other small European nations, especially as a leader in technology and renewable energy
What is the debate topic for the following sentences?

1. In the U.S. during the year 2001 , routine childhood immunizations against seven diseases were estimated to save over $ 40 billion per birth-year cohort in overall social costs including $ 10 billion in direct health costs , and the societal benefit-cost ratio for these vaccinations was estimated to be 16.5 billion .
2. Commonly-used vaccines are a cost-effective and preventive way of promoting health , compared to the treatment of acute or chronic disease .
3. This is also supported by a WHO study , that claims : We calculate that the average percentage increase in income for the children whose immunization coverage increases through will rise from 0.78 per cent in 2005 to 2.39 per cent by 2020 .
4. Another aspect is also , that productivity rates remain high and less money is earmarked for social and health transfers because people are healthier .
5. The total increase in income per year once the vaccinated cohort of children start earning will rise from $ 410 million in 2005 to $ 1.34 billion by 2020 -LRB- at a cost of $ 638 million in 2005 and $ 748 million in 2020 -RRB- .
6. This equates to an increase in annual earnings per child of $ 14 by 2020 .
7. This study based on economic and health indicators is part of the world immunization program GAVI .

This House Would Make Vaccination Compulsory
This House would  abolish congressional earmarks
What is a possible side to this debate?

Earmarks transfer too much power to political parties' central leadership
Public acknowledgement of the right to nuclear deterrence will benefit the public regulation of nuclear weapons generally
Come up with some evidence to support this claim.

1. Thus , greater openness and freedom in the development of nuclear weapons will increase the security of nuclear stockpiles .
2. Knowledge of states nuclear capability allows greater regulation and cooperation in development of nuclear programs from developed countries with more advanced nuclear programs .
3. When nuclear deterrence is an acknowledged right of states , they will necessarily be less concealing of their capability , as the deterrent effect works only because it is visible and widely known .
4. This will cause a diminution in clandestine nuclear weapons programs , and will reduce the chances of weapons-grade material falling into the hands of terrorists .
5. Developed countries can help construct and maintain the nuclear weapons of other countries , helping to guarantee the safety protocols of countries programs are suitably robust .
Claim: Genetically modified food is a danger to eco-systems.
What evidence supports this claim?

1. Furthermore , not all companies have access to the terminator technology .
2. This can be prevented with the terminator gene .
3. However , use of this is immoral for reasons outlined below .
4. In addition , removing certain varieties of crops causes organisms , which feed on these crops , to be wiped out as well , such as the butterfly population decimated by a recent Monsanto field trial .
5. This supports the concerns that GM plants or transgenes can escape into the environment and that the impacts of broad-spectrum herbicides used with the herbicide tolerant GM crops on the countryside ecosystems have consequences .
6. One of the impacts was that the toxin was produced by Bt crops -LRB- GMOs -RRB- on no-target species -LRB- butterflies -RRB- , which lead to them dying .
7. Another concern is also that pollen produced from GM crops can be blown into neighboring fields where it fertilizes unmodified crops .
8. GM foods also present a danger to the environment .
9. The use of these crops is causing fewer strains to be planted .
10. In a traditional ecosystem based on 100 varieties of rice , a disease wiping out one strain is not too much of a problem .
Sentences: 1. For professions like acting and music this tends to be the late twenties and early thirties .
2. In reality for most people this would be when they are in their fifties .
3. Nobody would suggest that members of other professions should be expected to interrupt it when they are at the height of their profession .
4. For most professions , getting military service out of the way early in ones career makes sense .
5. Regulations should reflect reality , in this instance that means allowing performers to get on with their careers .
6. Military service anywhere in the world is considered to be something you undertake before your career , not in the middle of it .
7. In the light of this setting the age limit where it is is uniquely unfair to performers just as it is to athletes .
8. Indeed , for pop singers in particular their career is likely to be over when they are 35 .

What claim can be made from these sentences?

Having the age of 30 as the cut-off point is uniquely unfair to performers as this is the age when they are likely to be at the height of their fame and towards the end of their career.
Tibet presents an explosive domestic political issue for China which the latter would benefit from eliminating
Come up with some evidence to support this claim.

1. Given that China is already losing money on the province , it may well be worth it for China to jettison it in order to gain much greater international benefits .
2. Internationally , the Tibetan issue keeps Chinas Human Rights record in the news and almost torpedoed the 2008 Olympic games .
3. Furthermore , the economic and political disenfranchisement of the Tibetan people is an enormous domestic problem , as it has led to large numbers becoming unemployed and moving to other parts of China where they form an underclass .
4. Domestically , violence in Tibet is the most serious domestic disturbance facing the Chinese government , and the fact that there is nearly constant violence between Han Settlers and Tibetans forces the Chinese to alienate everyone in order to contain it .
5. Tibet , and the resistance Tibetans continue to show to Chinese rule presents a toxic domestic and international political problem that costs far more than it worth .
This House would stimulate (or subsidise) mother tongue education for large immigrant groups.
What argument could one make about this debate topic?

Conserving languages and immigrant community cultures
What debate topic are the following sentences about?

1. Bush Chose to spend that on tax cuts and two extremely expensive wars -LRB- the War in Iraq was the mostly costly war , in relative terms , in US history except for WWII -RRB- .
2. At the end of the Clinton presidency the government was running at a healthy surplus following the longest sustained period of growth in US history .
3. Alan Greenspan , and many others , have pointed out that the impact of continued deficits is likely to be higher interest rates at a time when the country can ill afford them which will hurt the economy .
4. Obama was landed with the problems that Bush created , but has chosen to extend spending rather than control the deficit.As The country is no longer at war , there is no real reason to be running at a deficit .

This House would prioritise eliminating the budget deficit over increasing domestic spending
What debate topic are the following sentences about?

1. The international discouragement of the practice of chewing coca leaves and the prohibition on its use by Andeans when they travel or reside abroad can thus be seen as a violation of their indigenous religious and traditional rights , and therefore is not acceptable on a moral level .
2. All South American countries have signed several declarations by the Union of South American Nations -LRB- UNASUR -RRB- that acknowledged that the chewing of coca leaves is an ancestral cultural expression that should be respected by the international community .
3. Coca has also been a vital part of the religious traditions of the Andean peoples from the pre-Inca period through to the present , being used ` to communicate with the supernatural world and obtain its protection , especially with offerings to the Pachamama , the personification and spiritual form of the earth . '
4. The custom of chewing coca leaves may date back as far as 3000 BC in the region , and so hugely pre-dates cocaine consumption , and thus should n't be bundled with it or banned on the grounds that cocaine is banned .
5. This is why so many nations in this region can not and simply will not ever conform to any international ban that calls for phasing it out .
6. Coca chewing is hugely prevalent amongst the peoples of the Andes , and their social relationship with it is akin to that of ours with coffee in Western nations .

This House would legalise the growing of coca leaf
Sentences: 1. The Times reported in Franglais and somewhat comically on the predominance of English in the Union ; `` Ils sadresseraint lUnion Europenne cinq fois every day en franglais '' -LRB- sic ! -RRB- .
2. When translated from Franglais into English , it reads They address the European Union every day in Franglais .
3. The French language can not realistically survive if is not upheld as a relevant and respected language in official contexts .
4. It is a very emotive and sensitive issue for the French people .
5. The EU was founded by a Frenchman , Robert Schuman , France and Germany were two of the five founding members , the Union was created to ally France with Germany and before Britain joined , the French vetoed Britains entry .
6. Now , the French feel their part is Europe is becoming diluted by the use of English .
7. By forcing them to accept the English language in the context of an EU meeting only opens the gate to making them accept the same rules as other nations ; if their own language is silenced , so too is their voice of expression and opposition .
8. The following example demonstrates the reality of the threat to the French language being used correctly in formal contexts .
9. In March , 2005 , the then French Prime Minister Jacques Chirac shocked and appalled his people by making an address to the European Union in English .
10. French representatives present walked out in protest .

What claim can be made from these sentences?

The French language is still increasing in relevance through the European Union
1. Moreover when the ban is only when entering public buildings it can be enforced by the teacher , or the building 's security guards rather than being an issue for the police to deal with .
2. , accessed 28/8/11
3. There are many societies that have had bans on a religious symbol in public buildings , for example in France where there is a ban on religious symbols in schools has been in force since 2004 .
4. In France the ban is made even easier to enforce by restricting it to ` conspicuous ' religious apparel .
5. A ban would be simple to create and enforce .
6. Religious symbols are for the most part meant to be shown therefore it is simple for police or authorities to check that someone is not wearing them .

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

A ban would be simple to enforce.
1. This then takes the issue out of the hands of the politicians and puts it into the hands of the people .
2. Indeed remittances are noticeably stable with money still being sent home during recessions and can even be countercyclical as migrants will send more if they know things are bad back home .
3. A change to remittances would reduce this vulnerability ; it would be much more difficult for donors to suspend the tax breaks they provide for remittances to individual countries than it is to cut aid .
4. He wants a higher level of direct ownership in the nations projects and wants it because western donors had suspended aid .
5. The President Paul Kagame has said aid is never enough and we need to complement it with homegrown schemes to accelerate growth .
6. Rwanda has been trying to increase the size of remittances in order to increase its autonomy .

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

Provides autonomy for developing countries
Claim: Money from the National Lottery is essential to arts programmes, just as it is to many other organisations in the UK.
What evidence supports this claim?

1. The National Lottery , accessed 31/5/11 .
2. Last year -LRB- 2010 -RRB- 16.67 % of the donations made were to arts organisations , the same amount that was given to sport and heritage projects .
3. Since the lottery began in Britain in1994 over 25 billion has been given to good causes .
4. Equal distribution of this public lottery is the only way to ensure that people are being fairly treated when they buy their lottery ticket , even though the good causes their money goes to may not be their primary concern .
5. This money makes up an significant part of many organisations budgets , and stopping this funding whilst still giving to sports and heritage foundations would be discriminatory and unfair .
What claim can be made from the following pieces of evidence?

1. This would help integrate central Africa economically into the global economy making the region much more attractive for investment .
2. The building of the dams could be combined with canalisation and locks to enable international goods to be easily transported to and from the interior .
3. The rapids cut the middle Congo off from the sea .
4. While the Congo is mostly navigable it is only usable internally .

A dam could make the Congo more usable
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences?

1. As a consequence , the only clear solution is the removal of the settlements .
2. The existence of the settlements makes these security policies a necessity .
3. Security needs subsequently require that this road be protected from attacks by creating a large military presence along its route , and in many cases moving existing Palestinian settlements .
4. It needs a road for its residents to safely travel to and from work in Israel .
5. For one thing , a settlement can not function in isolation .
6. The settlements themselves are self-perpetuating in a manner that makes them pernicious to the rights and very existence of neighbouring Palestinian communities .
7. The security needs of settlements create a situation which makes the livelihood of Palestinians impossible .
8. The result is that even a settlement of a few hundred families rapidly requires the takeover of an amount of land out of all proportion to the actual number of settlers involved , and any further expansion compounds the problem .
9. In turn settlements require their fields to be protected by high walls and electric fences to protect them from attack , and the construction crews building them also require protection .
10. At the very least Palestinian areas are bisected by impassable thoroughfares .

Settlements remove Palestinians from their own land, and they produce a self-perpetuating cycle in their search for security
1. As Morin-Chartier argues , the EU directives are about being a model for one another and the quotas will serve as an archetype for others worldwide .
2. Therefore , the quotas are necessary to encourage progress in this field as other tools have not brought equal gender representation .
3. This is not simply a national issue , but a pan-EU problem of justice and equal rights .
4. Gender equality is linked to the fundamental human rights that the EU endorses and the lack of progress in terms of women in high positions of Europe requires a proactive stance .
5. Gender equality at the workplace is an important principle that businesses should follow .
6. If we consider men and women to be equal then they should be equally represented at the top levels of politics , society , and business .

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

Gender equality is based on fundamental human rights endorsed by the EU which needs to be addressed
Sentences: 1. If patients are detained then doctors will have a better idea of their patient 's usual behaviour and therefore be better at reading their symptoms .
2. As a society we should put effort into helping those suffering from mental illness and detention is one way of being sure that they are receiving and maintain treatment .
3. This also means that doctors are able to keep an eye on patients so that if the patient is no longer a risk , they can be let out .

What claim can be made from these sentences?

It will ensure people are receiving the correct treatment
Sentences: 1. If public officials had information that a massive protest is being organized , which could spiral into violence and endanger the safety of the public , it would be irresponsible for the government not to try to prevent such a protest .
2. The internet can be used as a tool to create an imminent threat to the public .
3. An example of this happening was the use first of Facebook and twitter and then of Blackberry messenger to organise and share information on the riots in London in the summer of 2011 .
4. Governments are entrusted with protecting public safety and security , and not preventing such a treat would constitute a failure in the performance of their duties .

What claim can be made from these sentences?

The internet as a threat to public safety.
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences?

1. CCIII , No. 2 , Fall 2003 ,
2. Pressman , Jeremy , The Second Intifada : Background and Causes of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict , , Vol .
3. Even when there is no cease fire there will be no reason for the terrorists to escalate if their demands are being taken seriously .
4. The best way to prevent this cycle of violence is to negotiate , even if this is mostly to buy time .
5. In this case Arafat hoped a round of violence would bring about concessions .
6. This is because when the terrorists fail they are unlikely to pack up ; instead they will try to find a bigger lever to course the state into making the move they want .
7. When the state fights back the by the terrorists response is almost always more bloodshed using more and more extreme methods for example the first intifada was fought using sticks and stones , but when this , and the peace process that followed it failed , or rather did not show the results that was hoped for , the second was a major step up to suicide bombing .
8. When fighting terrorists the state either needs to answer some of the terrorists demands or fight back .

No negotiation encourages the hunt for a bigger lever
What claim can be made from the following pieces of evidence?

1. They make an ass of the law and show that the nanny state is overreaching .
2. Newspapers are full of examples of absurd ASBOs .
3. Other examples include a prostitute who was prohibited from carrying condoms in an area that included her drug clinic , a prohibition on mobile soup vans that fed the homeless and a deaf girl who was banned from spitting in public .
4. People trying to kill themselves really arent going to be put off by the prospect of breaching their ASBO .

There is no respect among the population for ASBOS
This House believes that there should be a presumption in favour of publication for information held by public bodies
What is a possible side to this debate?

If public bodies do not have an obligation to publish information, there will always be a temptation to find any available excuses to avoid transparency.
This House wants a line-item veto amendment
What is a possible side to this debate?

The line item veto prevents an abuse by congress
What debate topic are the following sentences about?

1. Suicide is a waste of life .
2. It is an immoral act that ignores the sacrosanct nature of human life something that is universally considered to be the case as shown by being something nearly all religions consider to be the case .
3. Failure to criminalize such a flagrant violation of the sanctity of human life condemns any society as irreligious and immoral .
4. Nowadays we hear everyone talking about human rights ; we hear precious little about human obligations .
5. If we believe in the moral worth of human rights we do so because we think that human life is a wonderful thing and something with which we should not interfere .
6. Whether the interference is by others or by ourselves , any action that denigrates human life is morally wrong for precisely the reason that we support human rights .
7. We have an obligation to preserve all life , including our own .

This House believes that suicide should be a criminal offence
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences?

1. Free speech is not relative or conditional and certainly should not be determined on the basis of the thickness of someones chequebook .
2. Smaller businesses and other organisations see their freedom of expression worst hit by laws that prevent them from associating themselves in any way with major events , to the detriment of their communities .
3. Those organisations without access to huge legal departments are hardest hit , further disadvantaging them against corporations who can already outspend them on advertising .
4. In this regard , freedom of information is a very real issue .
5. Sponsors are simply using this to increase an already fairly unfair advantage ; many people supported Britains bid for the games on the basis that it would offer great benefits to local businesses , legislation restricting their ability to use their geographical and cultural association with the event make that pledge look extremely hollow .
6. Free speech means that in the world of words and ideas , at least , there is an even playing field and undermining that runs against a sense of natural justice .
7. The major sponsors already went into this situation with massive advantages over small traders who had the sole advantage of the geographical proximity to the events .
8. One of the noticeable failings of the Games is just how little positive impact they have had for small business in East London where most of the events are being held added to this , 62 % of small businesses think the games will have no impact while 25 % believe the impact will be negative and business outside the capital have actually suffered as a result .
9. Coke isnt planning to make their money back on direct sales of their product around venues but on the prestige it brings them as a global brand .
10. The idea that , for example , Coca Cola can prevent street vendors in the Olympic Village from selling Pepsi is absurd .

Those unable to respond will be worst hit
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences?

1. The parent should be given standards of teaching that they must adhere to before the inspections occur , and the standards should be sufficiently flexible to reflect children learn at different speeds and that not all children 's development reflects fairly on their teacher .
2. If the child is deemed to be falling behind his age group , the parent may be forced to return the child to a school .
3. To ensure they are not neglected , parents hoping to home-school must both register the fact they are home-schooling their child and submit to regular , state inspections of the child 's progress .
4. Parents who take their children out of school , or choose to home-school due to apprehensions over the quality of state education , should be entitled to do so provided the child is better off as a result .

Parents should be permitted to home-school their children provided they register the fact and submit to inspections
Claim: Reform would strengthen the House of Lords
What evidence supports this claim?

1. Reform of the House of Lords would strengthen the legitimacy of the house and therefore improve its functions .
2. By electing the second chamber they would gain the legitimacy to not simply stall bills but reject them all together or drafts bills of their own , thus facilitating a more dynamic government , able to change .
3. Using a different electoral technique , for example Proportional Representation with members sitting for longer periods would allow them to still be of a different composition to the House of Commons and not sway to short-term political popularity .
4. Electing different portions at different times would also guard against a freak landslide result affecting the houses balance .
5. By creating a worthy opposition to the House of Commons all issues would be debated and decided upon more fairly and government would be more closely monitored .
This house would allow gay couples to marry
What argument could one make about this debate topic?

Marriage is about more than procreation, therefore gay couples should not be denied the right to marry due to their biology.
What debate topic are the following sentences about?

1. It has been proven by a study at the University of Toronto , Canada , that women need inspirational female role models more than men ; they need it to be demonstrated that it is possible to overcome barrier .
2. Only if one generation is pushed towards politics can there be role models for potential future women MPs to follow ; for that reason it need not be a permanent measure , just one that gets the ball rolling .
3. Positive discrimination is the only way to encourage women to stand .
4. At present there is a vicious circle whereby women see no point in standing for politics because it is viewed as a male-dominated institution .
5. This will help achieve true progress in the future .
6. It 's about changing stereotypes and perception -LRB- particularly of the concept ` leadership ' , which we automatically think of as a male trait -RRB- .
7. This measure would simply allow women to overcome the institutional sexism in the selection committees of the established political parties , which has for so long prevented a representative number of women from becoming candidates , and would encourage other women to try and emulate that .
8. Positive discrimination would provide this evidence and support .

This House would introduce positive discrimination to put more women in parliament
What debate topic are the following sentences about?

1. Debt relief is particularly needed in countries affected by natural disasters , where much of the aid is focused on solving immediate concerns as opposed to getting the economy back on track .
2. Not only do they desperately need more money to cope with the disaster , but the economic impact of the tragedy reduces their ability to service their loans anyway .
3. Debt relief is much needed for the worlds poorest nations and the only way to ensure that they get back on the road to economic development .
4. Without debt relief , the cycle of poverty , disease and corruption would continue and possibly spread to other parts of the world .
5. What is the point of the developed world promising hundreds of millions of dollars in post-disaster aid , if they then take away much more money each year in debt charges ?
6. A cancelling of debt is a mechanism that dates back to antiquity as a means of resetting power and wealth inequalities that have expanded to critical levels .

THIS HOUSE BELIEVES that countries which suffer from natural disasters should receive debt relief
This House would go vegetarian
What argument could one make about this debate topic?

It is immoral to kill animals
What claim can be made from the following pieces of evidence?

1. But with the advent of the internet and mass media , it is now easier than ever to consult the public on issues of concern to them .
2. In the past , it was impractical to organise frequent referendums due to the difficulty and expense of holding them .
3. For example , Switzerland regularly holds referendums on all sorts of issues in an efficient manner which commands widespread public support .

Modern technology makes consultation easier than ever.
1. The word nigger is not racist .
2. Only intent , not the word nigger , can be racist .
3. There are other words besides `` nigger '' that is just as offensive because of the connotation , like eggplant .
4. A word can never be racist , the only way a word is racist if it is used with racist intent and explained that way .
5. The term is both endearing and disrespectful depending on the situation in which it used .
6. The word by itself has no meaning ; the history of the word and the situations in which the word is used brings the word to life .
7. and it 's reviewed as positive or I can say `` You 're a nigga , '' and it can be seen as negative .
8. For example I can say `` You 're my nigga ! ''
9. Blacks use `` nigger '' to defy the history of the word and evoke empowerment Randall Kennedy .
10. The common debate about this word does n't exist so much with how to use it , but more so who uses it .

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

It is no longer harmful.
What is the debate topic for the following sentences?

1. 26 June 1945 ,
2. Where a large group people do not feel represented or accepted by a state and thus do not consent to its rule , the states control over that people becomes illegitimate .
3. The right to self-determination is a basic human right which underpins the legitimacy of the nation-state .
4. United Nations , UN Charter , Chapter I : Purposes and Principles , Art. 1 , Part 2 .
5. The right to national self-determination is enshrined with the UN charter and formed the basis for the independence of Slovenia , Croatia , Macedonia , Kosovo and Montenegro .

This House would allow the Republika Srpska to secede from Bosnia & Herzegovina
1. Olson , 2010 3 .
2. The Economist , 1996 2 .
3. 1 .
4. It is clearly discriminatory and reflects an out-dated view of homosexuality .
5. As New York State Senator Mark Grisanti admitted when voting in favour of a 2011 bill , I can not deny a personthe same rights that I have with my wife .
6. To permit heterosexual couples to profess their love through the bonds of marriage , but deny that same right to homosexual couples ultimately devalues their love , a love that is no weaker or less valid than that of straight couples .
7. Gay marriage is possibly , as Theodore Olson , a former Bush administration Republican suggests , the last major civil-rights milestone yet to be surpassed .
8. The contemporary views of society ought to change with the times ; as recently as 1967 , blacks and whites in some Americans could not marry , no-one would defend such a law now .
9. Such discrimination should be eradicated by permitting gay couples to marry as a means of professing their love to each other .
10. One of the last bastions of discrimination against gays lies in the fact that gay couples in many countries are at present not allowed to marry .

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

It is discriminatory to refuse gay couples the right to marry
1. -LSB- 1 -RSB- -LSB- 2 -RSB-
2. Air strikes went on to destroy artillery , armor and other weapons that could be used for indiscriminate attacks .
3. The intervention therefore stopped large scale civilian bloodshed .
4. Military jets and helicopter gunships were indiscriminately unleashed upon people who had no means to defend themselves against assault from the air .
5. The resolution of a no fly zone passed by the security council weakened and prevented government forces from killing people and destroying cities using air strikes -LSB- 2 -RSB- .
6. From the day of the uprising in Benghazi , the government was committed to fight back till the end .
7. Gaddafi asserted that he will chase down the protesters and cleanse house by house while his son said that rivers of blood would flow with thousands of deaths , if the uprising didnt stop -LSB- 1 -RSB- .

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

Intervention prevented an impending bloodbath in Benghazi.
Sentences: 1. Fairness requires that cohabiting couples share their property on separation : when couples have lived together for a long period -LRB- such as five years or more -RRB- they will have gained benefits at each others expense but also suffered disadvantages for the others benefit .
2. If one partner gives up a career to raise children or support the other in their career , they are seriously disadvantaged upon separation .
3. Where the other partner has gained as a result of this sacrifice , they should compensate the former , so that the two parties can move towards independence in equal positions .
4. Parties may choose not to marry , but this should not have to cause such financial harm to one partner .

What claim can be made from these sentences?

The courts have a duty to develop services that will meet the needs of society
Schengen helps divide Europe as not all members take part.
Come up with some evidence to support this claim.

1. The fact that not all the EU members are part of the Schengen agreement means that the EU is divided in two areas : one in which the free movement of people is achieved and one in which it is not .
2. The Schengen Area , adopted by some countries in Europe but not others , will create a difference of interest which will irrevocably divide the EU over time .
3. This could turn out to be a particularly divisive force within a Union that is already faltering having failed to sign a common Constitution and settled for a watered down treaty instead .
4. This threatens to create two different ways of approaching the questions of justice and security within the EU : one that is managed through the SIS system and Europol , and one that is managed through the traditional justice and home affairs legislation within the Union framework itself .
Sentences: 1. As open source software is often either free or cheaper than closed source alternatives , this approach enables local authorities , private businesses and individual citizens to interact more easily with the state , removing many of the obstacles and objections to the wider adoption of information technology .
2. The result is that businesses and Brazilian citizens can use the same open source software at home , knowing they will be able to interact with their government .
3. Brazils Digital Inclusion Program , for example , has selected open source software for 58 government units rather than Windows or Microsoft Office .
4. Governments are one of the few organisations which can define industry standards because citizens and businesses increasingly have to interact with governments electronically .
5. Network effects explain why Microsofts monopoly of around 90 % of the desktop market with its Windows and Office software has been so hard to challenge .
6. Economists use the term network effect to describe the phenomenon whereby , as several people use the same communication platform -LRB- be it a specific device , such as a telephone , or a complicated service , such as Facebook -RRB- , it becomes more valuable for others to use because they can share and collaborate on work with a wider range of individuals .

What claim can be made from these sentences?

Governments can re-define industry standards by choosing open source software.
Sentences: 1. The documents that currently make up the written component of the UK 's informal constitution provide an accessible starting point .
2. Such ancient texts and treaties as the Magna Carta would provide for a smooth transition from commonly-accepted legal principles to the formal entrenchment of those principles in the clauses of a constitution .
3. While under the status quo all laws passed by parliament are considered of equal significance , there is an informal recognition by some jurists that certain laws , such as the Human Rights Act , enjoy a favored position within a hierarchy of laws .
4. A written constitution would simply help to formalize this de facto hierarchy .

What claim can be made from these sentences?

Much of the Work is Already Done
Sentences: 1. To be successful , boxers have to train for 8 hours a day 6 days a week , spending the best years of their lives in the gym .
2. The truth is that boxers are only treated as money-making devices by their promoters and the boxing industry .
3. Because most boxers lack a formal education and spend all their time in the gym they employ managers to handle their business affairs ; very often the boxers entourage control the fighters destiny .
4. This relationship can be exploitative given the inequality of bargaining power and the fact that most boxers need to make as much money as they can before they are worn out .
5. Its time to break up this industry before any more young athletes get taken advantage of in a bad way .
6. Loc Wacquant , The pugilistic point of view : How boxers think and feel about their trade , , Vol .
7. Oftentimes the promoters actively make it more dangerous , exploiting their clients for criminal ends .
8. In his exploration of boxing deaths throughout history , Joseph Svinth finds that in addition to health reasons , many deaths were criminal , with the promoter playing the dual role of gangster .
9. Whilst it may well be in the fighters interest to hang-up his gloves , those around him have a financial incentive to push fighters into more and more title defences or comebacks .
10. The decisions that older boxers make provide further proof that they feel they have been exploited : over 80 % of older boxers surveyed in Chicago said that they did not want their children to be boxers .

What claim can be made from these sentences?

Boxing is famously exploitative, but a ban could prevent youth from falling into the sport’s economic trap.
This house supports the idea of participatory democracy
What argument could one make about this debate topic?

Participatory Democracy Preserves our Natural Liberty
What claim can be made from the following pieces of evidence?

1. When various bans across different parts of the world began to be put in place on the advertising of tobacco products the companies behind them had to find both loopholes and alternative ways of advertising their product to both current but most importantly new potential customers .
2. One way of continuing to advertise was to invest in product placement within film which many bans did not block .
3. The ban on advertising in the UK was introduced in 1991 , by 1995 the instances of smoking in films had increased fourfold and the appearance of cigarette brands went up by a massive 600 % .
4. -LRB- BBC , 1998 -RRB- A study by the American Lung Association also found after reviewing 145 movies ... that PG-13 movies contain more tobacco use than R-rated films intended for adults .
5. and In a similar study the following year found that eighty percent of the popular PG-13 movies examined depicted tobacco use .
6. -LRB- Media Awareness Network , 2010 -RRB- This clearly demonstrates that tobacco companies are using films to advertise their products , and particularly towards young children , this should be regulated .

Tobacco companies may use movies to circumvent bans on advertising cigarettes
What is the debate topic for the following sentences?

1. The Telegraph , Archbishop of Canterbury hits out at cross ban , 4 April 2010 ,
2. Indeed , British Airways , Eweidas employer , has since changed their policy to permit staff to wear religious or charitable imagery in large part because of the absurdity of the position .
3. The difference between the significance of the claims could not be greater .
4. In the case of Nadia Eweida , at least , the employers case was based on the idea that wearing a symbol of that faith might not enhance their uniform .
5. People of faith attest that those beliefs determine the nature of their own identity and their place in the Universe .
6. Daily Mail .
7. There is no suggestion that harm to another could have been caused here and , therefore , no reason not to respect the heartfelt beliefs of the individuals involved .
8. On one hand there are individuals protecting their sincere beliefs in the most profound of issues and , on the other , managers applying what the Archbishop of Canterbury described as wooden-headed bureaucratic silliness .
9. The case against Chaplin was based on health and safety legislation - but not because the cross and chain posed a risk to others but to herself ; a risk she was , presumably , prepared to accept .

This House believes Christians should be allowed to wear the Cross at work
This House believes the European Union should adopt a single working language through which to operate.
What is a possible side to this debate?

Working through many languages in the European Union costs money that could be spent on EU’s projects rather than unnecessary conversation.