cindermond/bento huggingface dataset:
What claim can be made from the following pieces of evidence?

1. * Whyte , 1983 ,
2. Unrest in Northern Ireland was started by the appalling treatment of the Catholic minority there .
3. When there was a Northern Ireland Parliament there was some gerrymandering , while the discrimination in representation was slight very few nationalists were able to get senior jobs , in the civil service for example in 1927 fourteen of the 229 officers of staff officer rank or above , or 6 per cent , were Catholic , while in 1959 there were forty-six Catholics out of 740 in such ranks , or once again , 6 per cent .
4. * Over the years reforms have been introduced but there is still huge stigma against the Catholic community in Northern Ireland , who have little representation in politics , because it is dominated by Unionist rhetoric .
5. The best way to ensure equal treatment of the Catholics in Ireland is to unite majority Protestant Northern Ireland with Catholic majority Republic of Ireland , where they will be better represented in politics and not stigmatized by their neighbors .

It would be easier to protect the rights of religious minorities within a united Ireland
What debate topic are the following sentences about?

1. We dont need this information , but it certainly is helpful , and it is just as helpful for children as for adults .
2. It is equally useful that a mobile phone can tell us if it is likely to rain , or if the train is late .
3. It is clearly useful that we can phone to ask to be picked up rather than always having to set a meeting time in advance .
4. Mobile communication is very useful and its main use is not to keep us safe but to make life easier .

Every child should have a mobile phone. (Junior)
Sentences: 1. Pension schemes are provided for workers within the formal employment sector , by various public organisations - including the government and GEPF .
2. However , some national pension schemes are more developed than others and teachers need to be ensured the profession can provide investments for future security .
3. In South Africa an average teaching salary is 19,535 ZAR in contrast to the 28,235 ZAR average granted in all jobs in South Africa -LRB- Salary Explorer , 2013 -RRB- .
4. Further , social policy is required to introduce teacher pension schemes .
5. A key concern amongst teachers is finance - inadequate wages and insurance .
6. Teacher wages is considerably lower than other formal professions - combining to enforce low morale and occupational motivation as pay is too low to sustain individuals and households -LRB- Bennell , 2004 -RRB- .
7. The creation of national social policies which provide secure , and stable , wages for teachers is fundamental .
8. Social policy can make satisfied teachers .
9. An ageing population only reinforces its importance .
10. See further readings : GEPF , 2013 .

What claim can be made from these sentences?

Social Policy for satisfied teachers
This House would ban smacking
What is a possible side to this debate?

Parents caught smacking their children would be punished by fines or, if repeated, jail
This House believes the age of consent laws should be made more liberal (lowered).
What is a possible side to this debate?

Age of consent laws prevent the most vulnerable receiving contraceptives.
What is the debate topic for the following sentences?

1. Minority students perform less well on tests like the SAT , even when correction is made for income.The test with its reading comprehension test and being done in English is obviously biased against students from households where English is not the dominant language as they are much less likely to understand the questions .
2. Even when English language skills are not a problem the question choice can contain a cultural bias .
3. One analogy question on the 2003 SAT used the word regatta which minority students were unlikely to be familiar with .
4. Having this kind of bias is obviously unfair and can never be fully accounted for in a diverse country such as the United States of America where those who set the wording of the questions will never know all possible perspectives .

This House would abolish standardized tests for University Admission
What is the debate topic for the following sentences?

1. Babies and individuals with learning disabilities may lack intelligence , a sense of justice and the ability to conceive of their future .
2. We ensure that babies and the learning disabled are protected by rights and therefore these factors can not be criteria by which to exclude a being from the rights system .
3. Therefore , even if animals are not as advanced as human beings they should be protected by rights .
4. An inability to know what 's going on might make being experimented on etc even more frightening and damaging for an animal that it may be for a human being .

This house believes that animals have rights.
1. Norwegian scholars have found that the increased number of women on boards has led to more focused and strategic decision-making , increased communication , and decreased conflict .
2. Organizations with women in top leadership positions are also more likely to provide work-life assistance to all employees .
3. Female managers tend to promote a communal and collaborative style of leadership that can improve a companys performance and work culture .
4. In Norway , there has been some advancement in firms human capital as a result of the quotas , which may result in increased profits in the future due to the increasing number of well educated women .
5. This is often related to the high overall education level of women on boards .
6. Companies that score highly on all the OHI measures have also shown superior financial performance .
7. A report from The McKinsey Organizational Health Index -LRB- OHI -RRB- argues that companies with three or more women in top positions -LRB- executive committee and higher -RRB- scored higher than their peers .
8. There are many reports showing that there is a positive correlation between the number of women on high positions and the companies performance .
9. Sandberg , Sheryl , Lean In : Women , Work , and the Will to Lead , New York , 2013 Sandberg , Sheryl , Lean In : Women , Work , and the Will to Lead , New York , 2013
10. In fact , many successful business women , such as Sheryl Sandberg , also argue that more women in business could change business ethics and the male-associated image of successful business model that will bring competitive advantages to companies and thus , to the EU economies . .

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

Quota-led gender equality in executive boards will help shape a gender sensitive and highly performing business environment.
What claim can be made from the following pieces of evidence?

1. Within that context there is little likelihood that they will provide , with no stimulus , the front-loaded investment necessary for the development of new technologies .
2. The market has no interest in altering a model in which scarcity increases profitability as is the case with the current market .
3. Left unchecked the market has little or no interest to innovate and has the encouragement of the profit motive not to .
4. Instead the state has the capacity to offer both the carrot of guaranteeing a future market and the stick of regulating future carbon emissions .
5. However , corporations have an interest in the sustainability of their individual businesses so will move to new technologies , even if more expensive , if necessary but that will only be the case if the government creates that market artificially .

Standards that are enforced by government legislation means that companies know there will be a guaranteed market for innovations
This House would ban smacking
What is a possible side to this debate?

Smacking will lead to abuse
Sentences: 1. It is difficult to force governments to improve water access , but companies and Public-Private Partnerships -LRB- where private companies pay for most of the infrastructure , but partner with public entities -RRB- can be used to achieve this goal .
2. Water privatization will charge for water , however it will be more fair to the poor and provide them with more options to accessing water that the government is not providing .
3. Some governments are negligent , and there needs to be a solution to give citizens access to clean water without government provision .
4. Clearly this is n't working .
5. 90 % of water is publicly provided , yet 1 billion people do n't have water .
6. Water would ideally be a universally accessible and affordable substance , but governments can not necessarily be trusted to provide water to all of their citizens .
7. The poor are already paying for their water , either directly to entrepreneurs who carry it in tubs and cans up to the shanty towns , or with their time as they spend a large proportion of the family 's labor fetching poor quality water from miles away .
8. Many governments are unfair to the poor , but private providers have no reason to pick favorites .
9. Current regimes in developing countries often provide a state subsidy to the rich , with water provided to middle-class areas and wealthy farmers at a fraction of its true cost , while poorer areas have no supply at all .
10. This problem has only been exacerbated by the shrinking budgets of most countries due to the economic crisis of 2009 .

What claim can be made from these sentences?

Privatization usurps corrupt, unfair governments.
A referendum will create a better political climate.
Come up with some evidence to support this claim.

1. A contented electorate will be more supportive of government and feel included in political life .
2. Not only individuals but also parties will be appeased : the far left and right each feel strongly about this issue .
3. The general public will be appeased : 75 % of voters want the vote held .
4. MPs will fulfil their duty to represent constituent interests by calling the referendum .
5. Pro-Europeans like the Lib Dems also want the referendum : leader Nick Clegg said that `` nothing will do more damage to the pro-European movement than giving room to the suspicion that we have something to hide '' by not holding one .
6. Both sides of the political spectrum wants this issue definitively settled .
7. Euroskeptic parties like UKIP and the BNP have agitated for an in-or-out vote for years , and disguise racism and anti-immigrant sentiment as Euroskepticism in the process .
8. A vote either way would settle the issue and make it harder for them to disguise antisocial aspects of their platforms .
9. Once it has been , politicians will be able to redirect focus and work on crucial issues like the economy .
This House would repatriate all illegal immigrants
What is a possible side to this debate?

Illegal immigration is facilitated by criminal networks
1. See further reading : AMREF USA , 2013 ; AMREF , 2013 .
2. See further readings : UNAID , 2013 .
3. According to the WHO 2013 guidelines of people eligible for ART .
4. ART -LRB- Anti-Retroviral Treatment -RRB- involves drugs which prevent the progression of HIV ; reduce transmission and mortality .
5. See further readings : Private Equity Africa , 2013 .
6. The private sector can help fill this funding gap ; private-sector actors - including Actis - are planning to invest $ 1.2 bn into Adcock Ingram to provide and supply drugs .
7. Public resources are not available , so the private-sector is critical .
8. $ 25-30bn is required to invest in healthcare assets in the next decade to meet needs -LRB- McKinsey and Company , 2007 -RRB- .
9. Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for 24 % of the global disease burden ; but only 1 % of global health expenditure and 3 % of the worlds health workers -LRB- McKinsey and Company , 2007 -RRB- .
10. Furthermore , the private-sector have established partnerships to implement training programmes , improving qualified treatment for HIV , TB and malaria .

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

Funding solutions to combat disease
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences?

1. There is still a large Muslim minority in India and there are deep underlying social tensions within the country on this basis , along with frosty relations with a nuclear-capable Pakistan .
2. Indias post-independence history is one of partition along religious grounds with Pakistan and then open warfare with that state over territory .
3. If allowing the publication of would result in social unrest then on the balance of harms it is a rational choice to make a limited restriction on freedom of speech rather than see potential millions having their property and lives threatened .
4. In this context , Indias leaders have a special reason to pay attention to the sensibilities of their minority populations .

India has a specific need to main social cohesion
THW Require the Provision of Cannabis in Any State Funded Medical Program
What argument could one make about this debate topic?

All drugs can be used for a variety of purposes some appropriate some inappropriate that’s a matter of choice, treatment should be based on medical reality
This House believes atheism is the only way
What is a possible side to this debate?

In reality there are only two theological positions, atheism and theism; agnosticism is nothing but timid atheism:
This House would treat the desecration and destruction of high-value sites and property of cultural heritage as a crime against humanity.
What is a possible side to this debate?

The desecration and destruction of cultural property is often discriminatory and attacks peoples’ identity.
This House would introduce labels on food to encourage people to eat better
What argument could one make about this debate topic?

Food labeling is an important form of consumer protection
What is the debate topic for the following sentences?

1. University of Illinois Law Review 1 .
2. Even if the criminals assume some people will defend themselves anyway , they also know that people will likely hold back rather than fight .
3. Denying the right to self-defense leaves innocents at the mercy of criminals who would violate their rights .
4. Would-be criminals , when considering the commission of a crime , make an analysis of the likelihood of success and risk to themselves from their potential victims and from the state .
5. The incentive to commit crime when it is illegal for people to defend themselves necessarily increases substantially .
6. 1999 .
7. `` Castles and Carjackers : Proportionality and the Use of Deadly Force in Defense of Dwellings and Property '' .
8. On the other hand , the acknowledgement of the right to self-defense deters crime , as people will be unwilling to risk their own safety in order to commit crimes .
9. Green , Stuart .

This house believes in a right to self-defense
Sentences: 1. The national test ` has not only become too easy for the academically able , but it is still too difficult for the bottom 40 per cent , who cry out for courses to help them make sense of their last three years of compulsoryschooling .
2. A one-size-fits-all national test does not adequately measure the ability of the student , and fails to motivate students in their education .
3. In the United Kingdom , national testing was introduced in 1988 .
4. By 2002 , 90 % of students at the best schools got the top grade , whilst 300,000 of the United Kingdom 's worst pupils failed to pass .
5. Talented students and un-talented students should not be measured by the same test .
6. Handing down a standard national test from the top is bound to end up with a `` one-size-fits-all '' result that does n't suit the weakest or the best students .
7. Any system of standardized testing -LRB- where everyone is given the same test -RRB- assumes that all students learn at the same rate .
8. But this is not the case .
9. The best students find them too easy , the worst students find them too difficult .

What claim can be made from these sentences?

National, standardized tests are a poor measure of student learning
1. Should the U.S. wish to go to war again then it might end up in a situation such as Vietnam , the conflict that inspired the creation of the war powers act .1
2. This is problematic because the decision to go to war should never be one that is taken lightly .
3. Further , the use of international organisations such as the UN and NATO to circumvent congress has bad ramifications for the future as in doing this the U.S. government has significantly lowered the burden required to go to war should it wish to do so in the future .
4. Given that the situation is not an emergency for the U.S. circumventing congress in order to prosecute the war is incredibly harmful as it undermines one of the core institutions in U.S. democracy .
5. Given that this is true , then engagement with Libya to begin with goes against the spirit of US law .
6. Firstly , Libya did not attack US soldiers and did not harm US citizens .

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

US intervention is not consistent with other aspects of US law
What debate topic are the following sentences about?

1. For example , the bacterial flagellum , the motor that powers bacterial cells , loses all functionality if a single component is removed .
2. Ratzsch , Del. 2009 .
3. `` Teleological Arguments for God 's Existence '' The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy .
4. Besides design , the only explanation of its development is blind chance , which seems less sensible , since in human experience nothing complex can come about without agency .
5. 1 .
6. This refutes the gradualist argument of evolution , since there is no selective pressure on the organism to change when it is functionless .
7. Darwin 's Black Box .
8. Glencoe : Free Press .
9. Likewise , certain organisms can be shown to be irreducibly complex , meaning that if one were to remove any part of such an organism , it could not function .
10. Nature is marked by clear design .

This House believes that God exists
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences?

1. In Moskos own words , corporal punishment allows society to express its disapproval quickly and efficiently , leaving the offenders to move on with the process of reform .
2. It is in the interests of any effective system of rehabilitation to ensure that a non-violent offender remains in contact with their family and remains in employment -LRB- excepting , of course , offenders who have attack or abused family members -RRB- .
3. The decay of an offenders relationships and social support structures is yet another harmful externality of custodial punishment .
4. A corporal sentence caters to the social imperative to punish criminals , but it also allows offenders to remain with their families and to avoid financial hardship by remaining in employment .
5. Families , spouses and social networks can play an important role in supporting and encouraging an offender to engage with rehabilitation programmes .
6. Wives and children can effectively monitor an offenders behaviour when trained staff are unavailable , integrating the reform process with the offenders day to day life .
7. The long-term damage done to an offenders life is not an intended consequence of custodial sentencing .
8. However , it can not be claimed to be a proportionate response to crime , as it affects both serious offenders and those accused of non-violent offences such as burglary or fraud .
9. A custodial sentence is capable of destroying the relationships and livelihood of an offender .
10. Imprisonment means that an offender will be unable to work and will lose his job , if he has one .

Custodial sentences make recidivism more likely
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences?

1. Therefore , it makes more sense to only have one name for each concept , by which that concept shall be known , in order to economize effort and to not waste time creating translations for EU-specific jargon .
2. The EU use technical jargon for which there is often not a direct translation .
3. It is better and more effective to spend the time addressing the issues rather than deciding by which names to call these entities that give rise to issues within the EU .
4. It is not chauvinistic , or even a matter of preference , to use English as a working language over other languages ; it just so happens to be a language that is understood throughout the EU Member States .

One working language understood by all Member States is a more practical way of communicating often untranslatable yet vital EU-specific vocabulary.
Sentences: 1. `` While some people may like to believe that they can train their bodies to not require as much sleep as they once did this belief is false '' A mandatory cap on the hours they work removes the decision from them and avoids this problem .
2. A cap on the amount of work that people do per week allows for proper rest periods .
3. Tired workers are prone to making mistakes , one of the mistakes they can make is to think they can skip necessary sleep with no ill effects .
4. Human beings require downtime in the form of sleep and rest in order to maintain their peak functioning .
5. Long working hours cut into this rest and sleep time and therefore reduce their effectiveness as workers .

What claim can be made from these sentences?

There must be a maximum amount of performance that people are capable of, given rest and reward. To work people too long is to waste their potential.
1. This will become a greater problem as more modifications are introduced .
2. Although this was detected in testing , sooner or later a transferred gene will cause risk to human health because the scientists did not conceive it could be a problem .
3. There are also possible dangers associated with the scientific technique itself by which the DNA is modified , an example is the spread of antibiotic resistance .
4. For example , the addition of nut proteins to soybeans caused those with nut allergies to go into shock upon eating the soybeans .
5. Also , there are a number of dangers associated with the food itself , even without scientific evaluations .
6. U.S. Department of Agriculture -LRB- USDA -RRB- evaluated in 1993 data on genetically modified organisms regarding safety claims .
7. It is true , that in the US , there have been no adverse consequences from over 500 field releases in the United States .
8. Also many reports also failed to mention or even measure any environmental risks connected with GM food commercialisation .
9. The Union of Concerned Scientists -LRB- UCS -RRB- believes that the USDA evaluation was too small scale , to actually asses the risks .
10. The first is that ` Peer review ' -LRB- the checking of scientific test results by fellow scientists -RRB- is often made impossible by the unwillingness of biotechnology companies to give up their results for review .

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

Genetically modified food is too new and little researched to be allowed for public use.
This House would ban gambling
What argument could one make about this debate topic?

Casinos are often used to mask criminal activity
What claim can be made from the following pieces of evidence?

1. And finally he was initially turned away from the emergency ward because they did not know it was the President they were being asked to treat .
2. Transparency would allow procedures to be in place and advance notice given possibly gaining a few minutes and enabling survival .
3. Daily Guide , How Mills died : Sister tells it all , , 31 August 2012 ,
4. A person is most likely to survive when they have an accident , a heart attack , or some other condition if they get prompt treatment and doctors are aware of any underlying conditions .
5. Mills may well have lived , or lived longer if there had been more transparency about his death .
6. There had been no prior warning that the president might be rushed to hospital despite the doctors having been called in the previous day .
7. For the same reason his outriders were not available leading to indecision over whether to send off the ambulance .

A lack of transparency can endanger the leader
What claim can be made from the following pieces of evidence?

1. -LRB- 7 -RRB- Therefore , the best way to satisfy both sides and achieve peace is to adopt a two-state solution , which is therefore the most just solution .
2. This would be valuable diplomatically , particularly in resolving the larger conflict between Iran and the West .
3. The success of a two-state solution , therefore , would , at a minimum , gain the support and possibly cooperation of the Iranians .
4. -LRB- 6 -RRB- Even the Iranian President Mahmud Ahmadinezhad has stated that Iran would support a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict .
5. Singapore enjoys one of the highest standards of living in the world .
6. The area of the West Bank and Gaza is nine times as large as Singapore 's , yet the combined population of Palestinians in both regions is smaller than that of Singapore .
7. -LRB- 1 -RRB- Moreover , throughout the years polls have consistently showed respectable Israeli and Palestinian majorities in favour of a negotiated two-state settlement .
8. The Palestinians are capable of achieving similar success , through instituting a modern economy based on science , technology and the benefits of peace .
9. For Israel this would mean keeping the vast majority of areas inhabited by Israeli citizens within the state of Israel .
10. A two-state solution can offer sufficient territory for both Israelis and Palestinians .

Only a two-state solution can satisfy both sides
What claim can be made from the following pieces of evidence?

1. Finally , larger economic units are more able to influence international trade regimes .
2. This increases internal trade and economic growth and encourages investors .
3. Federal states are able to remove trade barriers between members which would otherwise exist if there were independent states -LRB- such as difficulties in moving goods due to borders -RRB- .
4. Even in cases of agreed free trade areas between states , there is no overarching authority to ensure timely compliance to agreements .
5. Federal units are able to share resources and concentrate on producing what they are best at -LRB- called comparative advantage -RRB- at a better economy of scale .

Federal states are economically stronger
Tourism is easier to regulate than manufacturing or resource extraction.
Come up with some evidence to support this claim.

1. Two decades earlier , the introduction of laws allowing minimally regulated and discrete incorporation of offshore business entities enabled the Bahamian economy to diversify into the field of financial services , reducing its dependence on tourism .
2. Development of the island would have resulted in the destruction of mangroves and fish habitats , compromising the livelihood of the islands residents .
3. The minute Bahamian island of Bimini came under threat from a large scale development plan proposed , in part , by the Hilton Hotels group .
4. Examples of this process in action can be found in the Bahamas , the Seychelles and South Africa .
5. Reliable funding of state institutions and subsidy and welfare programmes used by the residents of Bimini , reduced demand for jobs supplied by the hotel group .
6. As a result of economic diversification , the government of the Bahamas was able to compel Hilton to restrict its activities .
7. Revenue from tourist activities had enabled the Bahamian state to fund the investment in infrastructure , services and expertise that underlay this process of reform .
8. An oil pipeline will only ever be useful for transporting oil .
9. Roads can ferry medical supplies to communities as easily as they ferry tourists .
10. Not only does resource extraction , by its very nature , require states to consent to its territory sustaining pervasive and long-term environmental damage , it also tends to incentivise infrastructure projects that are only of use to the resource extraction industry .
This House Believes the US is Justified in Using Force to Prevent States From Acquiring Nuclear Weapons
What argument could one make about this debate topic?

The possession of nuclear weapons by some states drives others to militarize, creating arms races.
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences?

1. EurActive , Eastern EU states call for bolder , speedier farm reforms , 14 July 2011 ,
2. Not only are the largest recipients of CAP western countries France , Spain and Germany - also the payments per hectare of arable lands differ significantly between new and old members of EU .
3. The new members of EU with their economies often struggling and more dependent on agriculture -LRB- as is the case of Poland , Bulgaria or Romania -RRB- need more monetary support compared to their western counterparts to produce food of same quality and be competitive in EU market .
4. However , the payments for hectare of land vary from 500 in Greece to less than 100 in Latvia .
5. These different conditions undermine the EUs ethos of fairness and equality of countries .

It is unfair to new members of EU
What claim can be made from the following pieces of evidence?

1. Since Latin was the language of academic discussion until the eighteenth century , it is of great importance for the study of History and Theology .
2. The teaching of classical languages at school enables people to pursue studies in these areas in later life .
3. The influence of classical texts upon subsequent writing and thought makes knowledge of Latin and Ancient Greek necessary for many areas of intellectual enquiry .
4. European literature bristles with classical allusions : the work of Dante , Shakespeare , Milton , Goethe and countless others can not be fully appreciated without close familiarity with the canon of classical writing .

It is necessary for many further forms of academic research.
A robust missile defense shield will provide the protection previously afforded by the doctrine of Mutually Assured Destruction, allowing the US to dismantle much of its dangerous nuclear arsenal
Come up with some evidence to support this claim.

1. This means countries strategic obsession with second-strike capacity , the ability to return fire with nuclear weapons should they be attacked by them -LRB- Mutually Assured Destruction -RRB- , will cease to be an issue , as first-strikes are destined to be wiped out before they hit a single target .
2. With a fully functioning missile defense shield deployed , nuclear-armed ballistic missiles become obsolete , unable to ever reach their targets .
3. This will alleviate the pressure to have stockpiles of warheads and will promote disarmament .
4. What this means is that countries with missile defense systems can feel secure without the need of retaining massive nuclear arsenals .
5. This has been seen in the United States , which since its full adoption of the Aegis system has actively pursued a policy of reaching a new accord with Russia on nuclear arms reduction .
6. Mutually Assured Destruction has become a far less secure strategy as nuclear proliferation has occurred to states with different strategic conceptions .
7. This new step toward nuclear disarmament could not be politically possible in the United States without a replacement defense , which only a national missile defense system can provide .
8. This culminated in 2010 with the signing of the New START -LRB- Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty -RRB- , an accord to reduce the number of strategic nuclear missile launchers by half -LRB- Associated Press , 2011 -RRB- .
1. First , developing mini-nukes puts designers and scientists in the West on the same intellectual page as those seeking to devise nuclear weapons suitable for use in terrorist attacks , such as so-called suitcase-nukes .
2. Research into the design and construction of mini-nukes provides a number of benefits beyond the tactical flexibility conferred by such weapons .
3. Furthermore , the miniaturization of nuclear weapons has applications in other nuclear technologies such as in the design and manufacture of smaller nuclear power facilities .
4. By learning how to build such weapons scientists will be able to devise means of counteracting them should an enemy attempt to employ them in an attack .
5. The United States has long enjoyed technological dominance in the field of nuclear weaponry .
6. Research and development into tactical nuclear weapons are essential for countries to maintain their technological edge in the field of nuclear science .
7. If the United States and the other nuclear powers wish to maintain their position within the nuclear tech order , they must begin investing further in development of similar miniaturized nuclear devices .
8. However , in recent years China and Russia have begun to pour effort into developing ever-smaller nuclear weapons for tactical deployment .
9. Such was case with Cold War technological endeavors , such as the Space Race , which yielded everything from superior computer processors to ballpoint pens .
10. Military technology always finds an outlet in civilian use .

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

Designing and constructing tactical nuclear weapons allow a state's scientists to maintain a competitive position in nuclear technology.
What is the debate topic for the following sentences?

1. The ICC is part of a growing international norm against war and crimes against humanity .
2. The willingness to prosecute for these crimes particularly if it is done consistently will build norms where even ruthless leaders realise they cant get away with such crimes .
3. The ICC has a high level of soft power in this case .
4. It has the resources to investigate and prosecute , backed up by widespread support from large swathes of the international community .
5. Grono , Nick , The deterrent effect of ICC on the commission of international crimes by government leaders , , 5 October 2012 ,
6. Pursuing war crimes from the Syrian conflict alone will not be enough but when combined with similar measures elsewhere and the arrests of other leaders such as Charles Taylor , Slobodan Milosevic and Laurent Gbagbo show that even leaders are no longer out of reach of international law .
7. The ICC could act as an effective deterrent to the use of chemical weapons and other war crimes by threatening to prosecute individuals who commit them .

This House believes individuals who have committed atrocities in the Syrian Civil War should be investigated by the ICC.
What is the debate topic for the following sentences?

1. Anarchist communities like Freetown Christiana in Copenhagen exist as centres of peace and culture , by standing outside of society it provides a useful commentary on society as well as being an example for how people can live more freely without a state .
2. Anarchist groups were at the forefront of resistance groups in world war two , and today they are at the forefront of protests against the state whenever it tries to take even more from the worst off in society , for example in anti cuts protests in the UK .
3. Even if the state is never overthrown anarchism will always have something important to say .

This house believes that Anarchism is a valuable political ideology
1. The more people are able to spend , the more money flows into the economy , leading to more business and higher employment .
2. This demand-induced economic growth is a very important part of economic growth .
3. Additionally , the minimum wage decreases expensive social welfare payments , since workers no longer need as many supplements to their wages from the state in order to make up for the shortfall created by too-low wages .
4. Without the minimum wage , a downward spiral of spending can ensue , proving deleterious to firms and the economy generally .
5. Mandating a minimum wage can thus benefit firms , even if they do not recognize it , by making workers more productive and also fostering a general work ethic .
6. Employees work harder when they are paid more , but employers can often be more concerned with the short-term bottom line and will not treat workers in the lowest echelons of their firms with much consideration , viewing them instead as disposable and replaceable economic units .
7. Furthermore , better pay means more disposable income in the hands of employees , which leads to greater demand by them for goods and services .
8. As workers feel more valued in the economic system , the more likely they are to work loyally and diligently for their employers .
9. , 1994
10. Freeman , Minimum Wages Again !

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

higher wages boost economic growth
This House believes Ghanas ban on smoking in public places is a model for Africa
What argument could one make about this debate topic?

Nip the problem in the bud
1. Fears and Tears .
2. The Daily Beast .
3. 19 March 2008 .
4. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cyprus .
5. 30 August 2008 .
6. Xinhua News Report .
7. Xinhua News .
8. Liu , Melinda .
9. Cyprus supports the principle of a single China .
10. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cyprus .

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

The 'Middle Way' respects China's right to territorial integrity
What debate topic are the following sentences about?

1. Given the first argument about the general perception of women that fraternities promote and it is logical that there might be a higher chance that fraternity members would be involved in crimes such as rape and sexual assault .
2. Further , the drinking culture that often goes with fraternities exacerbates these problems as young men who ordinarily would not succumb to the social pressures do , or perceive a responses from women incorrectly , leading to cases of sexual assault .
3. Whilst the initial proposition argument claims that fraternities lead to the objectification of women and how this harms women indirectly , this argument claims that the men included in fraternities are more likely to physically harm and rape women .
4. The culture of the objectification of women and the expectation that members of a fraternity should have sex leads to incidents where fraternity members will report to other members of the fraternity about women that they got with the night before .
5. Whilst this is typical of most male groups , it becomes more insidious when those who are able to do better with the women often end up doing better within the formal hierarchy of the fraternity .
6. As such , because of these pressures there is often an impetus from members of a fraternity to have sex with women regardless of the consequences .

This House Would Ban Fraternities
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences?

1. This is shown even amongst women who still consented to arranged marriages but faced abuse from their husbands such as with the case of Razia Sodagar , whose husband abandoned her for another woman after she failed to fall pregnant .
2. This illustrates how it is not always easy to draw a clear division between arranged marriages and forced marriages , as the former can often bear the same characteristics as the latter .
3. It would therefore be safer to outlaw both .
4. Ethnic domestic violence hidden , , 20 September 2007 , Gotrik , Jennifer , India domestic abuse more common in arranged marriages , , 12 September 2011 , Fighting Arranged Marriage Abuse , BBC , 12 July 1999 -
5. Arranged marriages are often different when practiced in the home countries of many immigrant families in Europe , where women often have networks of friends and relatives to rely on .
6. The danger with allowing arranged marriages to happen in EU countries are that the women at the centre are often far more vulnerable , away from their own family , unfamiliar with the local language and fully reliant on their husbands family .
7. This makes it easier for domestic abuses to go undetected which is simply compounding problems of underreporting .
8. It is therefore likely that there is more domestic violence within arranged marriages .

Women in arranged marriages in Europe are disproportionately likely to suffer abuse
What debate topic are the following sentences about?

1. Not only this means a more personal approach to studying , it also provides people with more flexibility to manage their other commitments , such as work and childcare .
2. Such personal and flexible approach to learning will overtake the rigidity of the traditional university .
3. Moreover , online courses are inherently more flexible .
4. Lectures can be watched and tests taken at any time a person desires -LRB- within the deadlines -RRB- , unlike with scheduled lectures and tests at the traditional university .
5. The vast popularity of MOOCs can be explained by the fact that people are finding it easier to learn this way .
6. The best feature of online learning that it can be done in the privacy of one 's home , which is more convenient than having to move cities or even countries for a university degree .

This House believes that the traditional university will be replaced by online learning
1. NATO membership will help these fledging States to help themselves .
2. This incentivisation is critical given the European Union was and still is expanding slower than NATO many new NATO members such as Albania are years away from achieving EU membership .
3. The criteria for NATO membership include stable democracy ; civilian control of the armed forces ; a sufficient military capacity to make a meaningful contribution to collective security ; and the absence of active disputes on or within the borders of the State .
4. The opportunity of NATO membership creates the incentive for the newly independent republics to achieve internal stability .

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

NATO expansion would benefit eastern European and post Soviet states
National testing encourages teachers to 'teach to the test', rather than teach life skills
Come up with some evidence to support this claim.

1. As Charles Murray describes , his children 's school lost their best English teacher because he said ' I want to teach my students how to write not teach them how to pass a test that says they can write .
2. This is because teachers will be judged based on how well their students do at tests , not on other important things like whether they are better behaved , more confident or learning faster .
3. Students will be taught how to take tests instead of learning skills and knowledge that will help them become good citizens .
4. National testing will result in teachers `` teaching to the test '' .
5. Childrens education would become focused on a yearly test .
6. Subjects like art and music that are not covered on the national tests could be cut so that more time can be spent teaching students to pass the test .
7. With national testing , they will become good test takers but will miss out on the joy of learning for learnings sake .
This House believes single-sex schools are good for education
What is a possible side to this debate?

Women are better off in single-sex institutions
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences?

1. A large number of Christians are gay , and they can receive better spiritual direction from gay ministers than from heterosexuals who do not understand their lifestyles or relationships as well .
2. Priests have a responsibility to represent the members of their congregations .

Priests have to represent their congregations
The information age makes attempting to hide information on sex impossible
Come up with some evidence to support this claim.

1. They can then use this information to help them decide how reliable any further information they may find from other sources is .
2. That this information when there is safe sex education comes from the school means that the children know that they information is reliable .
3. Most children in the west now have access to the internet and are therefore likely to have access to this information on sex , or at least educational materials on sex even if the childs access to the internet is controlled .
4. The internet provides a vast amount of easily accessible information about sex , of varying degrees of quality .
5. Rather than allowing children to find information on their own through what may well be unreliable resources it is necessary that they should get good reliable information .
6. Given that it is impossible to prevent children from accessing this information if they really want to , it makes sense to present it to them in an organised and accurate fashion .
Claim: Christmas is inextricably linked with an image of a snowy wonderland.
What evidence supports this claim?

1. This is the sort of Christmas shown on greeting cards and celebrated in so many songs -LRB- for example , White Christmas , Jingle Bells , Frosty the Snowman , Walking in a Winter Wonderland , etc. -RRB- .
2. Later the families gather inside around a warm fire to celebrate .
3. When we think of Christmas we see snowy scenes , with people skating and sledging , and children making snowballs and snowmen .
4. We all love the traditional white Christmas .
5. `` The interest in snowy Christmases has its origins in the colder climate of the period 15501850 when Britain was in the grip of a Little Ice Age That way , the traditional image was created .
6. It is n't a proper Christmas without snow .
What claim can be made from the following pieces of evidence?

1. The Occupy movement may well count many social liberals among its members , and these individuals are almost certainly unhappy about many aspects of modern Capitalism but that doesnt make Occupy , or the Athens street protestors Socialist .
2. There is clearly a difference between the general malaise of those protesting the result of the financial crisis and any form of coherent ideology or manifesto for government .
3. The only people pretending that protesters in Athens or Rome or the Occupy movement worldwide are in some meaningful way Socialists are aging class warriors from the seventies .

Although there are protests as a result of the banking crisis and the resulting financial meltdown, they have no cohesive ideology
The Settlements are illegal, and demonstrate the impotence of the international community
Come up with some evidence to support this claim.

1. Furthermore , their continued expansion is something that each and every Palestinian can see every day .
2. As a result , the continued expansion both : 1 .
3. The Settlements , constructed on land that is neither recognizably Israels nor which Israel has even claimed to annex are illegal , encroaching on the territory of a future Palestinian state .
4. It is absurd for the international community to demand the creation of a Palestinian state in the West Bank , and yet allow Israel to establish its population on that land in settlements that view themselves and are viewed by Israel as Israeli territory .
5. Convinces Palestinian opinion that the negotiating process is an Israeli game to buy time until they have changed the facts on the ground .
6. As a consequence of these two factors , the continued expansion of settlements has an impact in driving Palestinians towards violent resistance even beyond the direct impact of the settlement construction by undermining their faith in International Law , and by adding a sense of urgency to their grievances .
7. Destroys Palestinian confidence in the ability and willingness of the International community to enforce its own promises , especially after repeated American and European promises to stop their construction .
8. 2 .
This House would expand NATO
What is a possible side to this debate?

NATO expansion was, and is, necessary for international stability