cindermond/bento huggingface dataset:
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences?

1. The concept of Monarchy is undemocratic .
2. If the monarch retains any significant political powers , as they do in Belgium and the U.K. for example , these are unjustifiable .
3. Why should the opinion of just one person , in office purely by accident of birth , be able to influence the outcome of elections or call a government .
4. Legally , in the UK the Monarch has the power to ; choose the Prime Minister , dismiss ministers and governments , dissolve parliament , refuse to agree to legislation passed by parliament , pardon convicted criminals , declare a state of emergency and raise a personal militia .
5. And in some countries like Saudi Arabia they have much more absolute power .
6. A recent example where the Monarch had a role in the United Kingdom was within the 2010 elections where no party achieved an overall majority , the Queen therefore had to sign her approval for the Conservative and Liberal Democrat coalition .

Monarchies, no matter how vestigal, are undemocratic
Integration and the acceptance of Western values are important
Come up with some evidence to support this claim.

1. Arranged marriages also conform to a view of women in particular which regards them as chattel .
2. This was even the case during the socially conservative era of the 1950s , when it was generally accepted in countries like Britain that people would court and meet their partners independently of their parents .
3. Part of the reason for this is because ideas about marriage have become more progressive , with people accepting that men and women of any orientation should be allowed to choose their own partners .
4. Arranged marriages have not been a part of the cultures of most European countries for many years now .
5. Cook , Hera , No Turning Back : Family forms and sexual mores in modern Britain , History & Policy - -LRB- accessed on 19 September 2012 -RRB- Human Rights with Reference to Women , UKEssays.com - -LRB- accessed on 19 September 2012 -RRB-
6. The rights and norms of a country of block of countries such as the EU must apply to all .
7. It is also hypocritical to adopt a double-standard with diaspora communities , turning a blind eye to practices which many other majority groups find reprehensible .
8. This does not fit in with the type of egalitarianism many European countries seek to practice , and thus does not conform to Western notions of individual rights .
What claim can be made from the following pieces of evidence?

1. As it is not an essential procedure , the state should not be expected to subsidize either the process or the development of the technology .
2. Nevertheless , the private sector should be encouraged to develop the technology and continue to provide the public with a path to maximise their own happiness .
3. Gender selection technology should be available , at whatever cost the market dictates , to those who can afford the process and wish to choose the sex of their children .
4. There should be no other restrictions on the couples wishing to go through with the process , other than an assurance that the mother is physically able and willing .

The private sector can provide parents, who can afford to and want to, with gender selection technologies
Allowing production of generic drugs saves lives, particularly in the developing world
Come up with some evidence to support this claim.

1. The denial of the right to produce or acquire generic drugs is effectively a death sentence to people in these countries .
2. Under the current system attempts by governments to access generic drugs can be met by denials of free treatments , leading to even further suffering .
3. In light of these obscenely high infection rates , African governments have sought to find means of acquiring enough drugs to treat their ailing populations .
4. With generic drugs freely available on the market , the access to such drugs would be facilitated far more readily and cheaply ; prices would be pushed down to market levels and African governments would be able to stand a chance of providing the requisite care to their people .
5. There is no ethical justification to allow pharmaceutical companies to charge artificially high prices for drugs that save lives .
6. Furthermore , many firms that develop and patent drugs do not share them , nor do they act upon them themselves due to their unprofitability .
7. This has been the case with various treatments for malaria , which affects the developing world almost exclusively , thus limiting the market to customers with little money to pay for the drugs .
8. The result is patents and viable treatments sitting on shelves , effectively gathering dust within company records , when they could be used to save lives .
9. But when there is no profit there is no production .
10. Allowing the production of generic drugs is to allow justice to be done in the developing world , saving lives and ending human suffering .
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences?

1. The negative side effects of minimum sentencing guidelines can be avoided via safety valves .
2. The U.S. federal government introduced safety valves in 1994 ; mandatory sentencing is suspended if the defendant meets certain criteria , such as being a low-level participant or having no prior criminal history .
3. The safety valve allows flexibility so that low-risk offenders do not receive excessively harsh punishment .
4. Thus mandatory sentencing guidelines have enough flexibility to recognize varying circumstances , while retaining enough rigidity to deliver consistent punishment .

Mandatory minimum sentencing can be designed to avoid injustices.
What claim can be made from the following pieces of evidence?

1. The vision of Orwells has become a living nightmare for people all over the world .
2. Their power has made it extremely difficult for movements for reform , government accountability , and democracy , which have foundered when faced with these sophisticated security apparatuses -LRB- Valentino-Devries , 2011 -RRB- .
3. High-tech surveillance technology has given repressive governments and police states a new lease on life .
4. Now more than ever they can intrude into every aspect of peoples lives , ensuring that dissent is cowed for fear of the ever present threat of the security services .
5. It cuts the Tibetan people off from outside world so as to prevent any rerun of the instability that occurred in 2008 , which China blamed on the influence of the Dalai Lama from outside .
6. Only external help in alleviating this censorship could allow activists to organize effectively and perhaps to one day bring about genuine reform and justice to their societies .
7. By dominating the flow of information states have the power to keep their people in check and prevent them from ever posing a threat to their repressive status quo .
8. Thus China blocks access to the internet and to other forms of communications in Tibet to ensure the absolute security of Tibets ideological and cultural realm .
9. The surveillance equipment on which these regimes rely is often only available from firms and governments in the democratic world where , by and large , technology is generally far more advanced than in the non-democratic world .
10. Without access to these technologies , the regimes would be far more hard-pressed to keep rigid tabs on their citizens , allowing for the seeds of dissent to take root .

Advanced surveillance technology prevents dissidents from being able to organize and sue for freedom
1. Media lawyer Mark Stevens states that this idea '' ... would shear the media of the ability to report matters of public interest and thus look into corruption lurking in those dark corners the rich and powerful would rather were kept out of sight ''
2. As well as being a affront on freedom of speech it would also overload the courts with needless work , making the system of upholding laws inefficient and costly .
3. While getting the balance between immediacy and privacy is important bringing in the judiciary to look over all written material before allowing it to be published is an entirely wrong move .
4. If the press were legally obliged to go in-front of a judge before publishing stories which may potentially contain material of a defaming nature the process of news gathering would be greatly damaged .

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

It would not be practical to involve the judiciary prior to the publication of every story
This House would lift all veto powers of individual EU member states
What argument could one make about this debate topic?

The requirement for unanimity is undemocratic
Parents have a right to be involved in their children’s education
Come up with some evidence to support this claim.

1. Parents embrace their right and responsibility to be involved in their childrens education .
2. Special and private schools are designed to meet special needs parents envision for their children .
3. Free schools in the United Kingdom are developing and gaining popularity .
4. Vouchers allow students to select schools .
5. Home schooling allows for parents to oversee education and become teachers themselves .
6. Parental involvement is key to the educational success of children .
7. Evidence of this responsibility and right which parents embrace is illustrated in the ever increasing citizen interest in school vouchers , home schooling , special magnet schools , free schools , and private schooling which allow for parental choice and involvement .
8. The right of a family is central in human societies .
9. Parents are acknowledged to be responsible for childrens upbringing .
10. In 1991 , Sweden began a practice which allowed schools to be established by parents , teachers , charities and business .
Sentences: 1. Fitzgerald , Brian and Anne Fitzgerald .
2. 2004 .
3. An individual 's idea , so long as it rests solely in his mind or is kept safely hidden , belongs to him .
4. When he disseminates it to everyone and makes it public , it becomes part of the public domain , and belongs to anyone who can use it .
5. If individuals or firms want to keep something a secret , like a production method , then they should keep it to themselves and be careful with how they disseminate their product .
6. One should not , however , expect some sort of ownership to inhere in an idea one has , since no such ownership right exists .
7. No one can own an idea .
8. Thus recognizing something like a property right over intangible assets is contrary to reason , since doing so gives monopoly power to individuals who may not make efficient or equitable use of their inventions or products .
9. Physical property is a tangible asset , and thus can be protected by tangible safeguards .
10. Ideas do not share this right to protection , because an idea , once spoken , enters the public domain and belongs to everyone .

What claim can be made from these sentences?

There is no such thing as intellectual property, since you cannot own an idea:
What claim can be made from the following pieces of evidence?

1. These artefacts become almost souvenirs of Imperialism , a way of retaining cultural ownership long after the political power of Britain has faded .
2. Returning them would be a gesture of goodwill and cooperation .
3. For instance , the British Museum is refusing to return 700 of the Benin Bronzes to Nigeria despite repeated requests by the Nigerian government .
4. The Rosetta stone has been the subject of demands by the Egyptian government but remains in London .
5. Display of cultural treasures in Western museums may be seen as a last hangover from the imperial belief that civilised states such as Britain were the true cultural successors to Ancient Greece and Rome , and that the barbarian inhabitants of those ancient regions were unable to appreciate or look after their great artistic heritage .
6. Whether that was true in the 19th century is open to doubt ; it certainly is not valid today and the display of imperial trophies in institutions such as the British Museum or the Louvre is a reminder to many developing nations of their past oppression .

Retaining artefacts is a relic of imperialist attitudes to non-occidental cultures
What is the debate topic for the following sentences?

1. If these rare minerals exist in sufficient quantity they could potentially fund the whole project .
2. There are also resources , such as lunar glass and Helium3 , which could be potentially very valuable if they are there in sufficient quantities , human beings can simply cover more territory than Robots and make assessments like these more easily .
3. The moon functions as a sort of attic for the Earth , a repository of rocks than are no longer found on earth .
4. It also has the advantage of being close enough to earth that samples and data can be relatively easily sent between the two .
5. In many ways our trips to the moon so far tell us which questions we need to ask , the next stage is to find the answers .

This House would colonize the moon
1. International adoption provides orphans , often living in decrepit , under-funded and unhygienic environments , a loving home in a developed society .
2. Child welfare experts appreciate that keeping infants in institutional care for extended periods of time puts them at risk of lifelong damage .
3. Adopting parents are proven to be both financially and emotionally capable of both adopting and raising the child , ensuring that the emotional heartache of growing up in an orphanage is replaced by the stability of a home environment .
4. This is advantageous , for obvious reasons , for both child and parent , whilst the state from which the child is adopted is relieved of the financial pressure of supporting the orphans and the mother of the orphan can reassure herself that her child is being well looked-after .
5. As a Korean government official notes regarding the high adoption rate of Korean children in the United States , ` in the beginning , the only reason foreign adoptions were allowed was that it was so difficult to raise children after the Korean War ' .
6. In times of both financial austerity and societal breakdown , international adoption is a welcome relief , most of all to the unwanted children provided with a loving home and parental attention .
7. Bartholet , E. International Adoption : The Human Rights Position .
8. Global Policy , 2010 , p91

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

International adoption reduces the amount of unwanted children in institutional care
The veil is a symbol of oppression on women
Come up with some evidence to support this claim.

1. Face coverings in particular divide men and women .
2. Face veil is seen by some as a symbol of the oppression of women , because in some countries it is mandatory , as was the case in Afghanistan under the Taliban .
3. When worn in Europe , with equality and democracy , it can be seen as a rejection of such oppression this is why Belgium banned it .
4. Islamic dress rules are often stricter for women than men .
5. BBC News , Belgian ban on full veils comes into force , 23 July 2011 ,
Claim: Earmarks do not represent an efficient use of taxpayers' money
What evidence supports this claim?

1. Worse , a recent Harvard Business School study found that states which received the most federal spending via earmarks from well-connected Congressmen actually suffered economically as a result , because the federal money crowded out private investment and distorted the local jobs market .
2. Examples include the Alaskan Bridge to Nowhere -LRB- a $ 400 million project to connect an island community of just 50 people to the mainland -RRB- , $ 1 million for shuttle buses at Western Kentucky University , and a grant of $ 300 000 for the Polynesian Voyaging Society of Hawaii .
3. As the main means of pork barrel politics , earmarks are typically vanity projects with little economic benefit .
4. Earmarks usually represent expensive programs of little worth to the American people .
This House would grant an amnesty to illegal immigrants
What is a possible side to this debate?

Amnesties are the only long term solution
Claim: People should have freedom of choice
What evidence supports this claim?

1. This is particularly important because some religious sects promote polygamy , so banning it also impinges on freedom of religion .
2. These are not absolute rights , but they are important : breach of them needs to be contemplated with extreme care and is not merited here .
3. We have a right to privacy , and a right to non-interference in our family life .
4. If somebody wants to marry more than one person , and all parties involved agree , then the state should not get involved .
5. The law should recognise freedom of choice .
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences?

1. The need to produce safe but efficient power-sources for the Apollo missions led to the development of practical fuel-cells , which are now being explored as a possible future power-source for cleaner cars .
2. The need to reduce weight on rockets led to miniaturization , and so to the micro-chip and the modern computer .
3. The challenge and difficulty of the space program , and its ability to draw on some of the finest minds , has brought about great leaps in technology .
4. Space exploration has also led to many indirect benefits .
5. We can never know exactly which benefits will emerge from the space program in future , but we do know that we will constantly meet new obstacles in pursuit of our goals , and in overcoming them will find new solutions to old problems .
6. The effects of zero-gravity on astronauts has substantially added to our knowledge of the workings of the human body , and the ageing process .

Space exploration leads to technological advancement
This House would arm teachers
What argument could one make about this debate topic?

Arming teachers would mean safer schools
There is greater potential for African women
Come up with some evidence to support this claim.

1. As a more educated cohort of women enters the workforce they will have a much greater effect on the economy than women have had in the past .
2. They will also be much more capable of setting up and running their own businesses or organisations .
3. Women in Africa are becoming much better educated .
4. Women are starting to reach their educational potential : by 2011 the illiteracy rate among female youth -LRB- 15-24 -RRB- had dropped to 52 % in Sierra Leone , 22 % in Guinea and 42 % in Chad .
5. Education provides opportunities as educated women will be better able to work in the manufacturing or services sectors .
6. This means they are much more likely to be able to reach their full potential in the economy .
7. Two out of three illiterate Africans are women .
8. There is great potential in educating African women .
9. The situation is however improving .
10. In 1996 the countries with the highest illiteracy rates in women are Burkina Faso with a staggering 91.1 % , Sierra Leone with 88.7 % , Guinea with 86.6 % and Chad with 82.1 % of women illiterate .
Claim: Those who are in the late stages of a terminal disease have a horrific future agead of them
What evidence supports this claim?

1. Faced with this , it is surely more humane that those people be allowed to choose the manner of their own end , and have the assistance of a doctor to die with dignity .
2. At least five percent of terminal pain can not be controlled , even with the best care .
3. In some cases , the illness will slowly destroy their minds , the essence of themselves ; even if this is not the case , the huge amounts of medication required to control their pain will often leave them in a delirious and incapable state .
4. The gradual decline of their body , the failure of their organs and the need for artificial support .
5. They refused .
6. She begged the courts to reassure her that a doctor would be allowed to assist her in choosing the moment of death .
7. She lived for several years with the knowledge that her muscles would , one by one , waste away until the day came when , fully conscious , she would choke to death .
8. One particular account was of Sue Rodriguez who died slowly of Lou Gehrig 's disease .
9. Rodriguez did not accept the verdict and with the help of an anonymous physician committed suicide in February 1994 .
This House believes African cities need to invest more in housing to replace slums
What is a possible side to this debate?

There are schemes to finance homebuilding
What is the debate topic for the following sentences?

1. Repealing the estate tax would also widen the gap between the poor and the wealthy , and could fuel the kind of class envy that would really threaten the property-owning American capitalism that so favours the wealthy .
2. In any case , do we really want to create a class of idle rich who have done nothing themselves to create wealth , but merely inherited it ?
3. Repealing the estate tax would also widen the gap between the poor and the wealthy , and could fuel the kind of class envy that would really threaten the property-owning American capitalism that so favours the wealthy .
4. In any case , do we really want to create a class of idle rich who have done nothing themselves to create wealth , but merely inherited it ?
5. The estate tax prevents the concentration of wealth in the hands of a few , avoiding a plutocracy -LRB- government by a wealthy ruling class -RRB- .
6. It allows the pursuit of the American dream by limiting the power of `` old money . ''
7. The estate tax prevents the concentration of wealth in the hands of a few , avoiding a plutocracy -LRB- government by a wealthy ruling class -RRB- .
8. It allows the pursuit of the American dream by limiting the power of `` old money . ''
9. Would it even be good for the inheritors if this happened ?
10. Much better for the government to use some of these windfalls to help give every American child a decent chance in life , for example through better funding for education , health , etc. .

This house would impose an estate tax
1. The Lords Economic Affairs select committee explained why this is the case ; aid is essentially seen by those entrusted with it as `` free money '' , whose loss will go unnoticed by the giver and whose appropriation is nothing like as morally reprehensible as appropriating local tax revenue .
2. Development can also be misspent as a result of corruption and a lack of oversight , for example the UK suspended its aid to Uganda as a result of indications it was being misused by the Ugandan government and not going towards helping the poorest people lift themselves out of poverty .
3. Instead they want their money spent on the latest development fad whether this is the privatisation of basic services , microcredit , conditional cash , or particular infrastructure projects .
4. It is clear that the donor countries do not know how best to spend the money they give as aid .
5. , , Vol .346 , No. 7891 , pp.1-42 , p. 20
6. Ghosh , Jayati , Yes : Should rich countries stop sending development aid to India ?

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

The west does not know best
This House would only teach abstinence for sex education in schools
What argument could one make about this debate topic?

Abstinence-only education rightly teaches saving sex for marriage (or at least a long term, exclusive relationship).
Claim: Keeping NATO troops in Afghanistan is necessary for creating a successful Afghan state
What evidence supports this claim?

1. The level of violence in Afghanistan is actually far lower than most Americans believe .
2. This was too many , but it was also less than a quarter of the deaths in 2008 in Iraq , a country that is both more sparsely populated and often assumed to be easier to govern .
3. In 2008 more than 2,000 Afghan civilians died at the hands of the Taliban or coalition forces -LRB- almost 7 per ten thousand -RRB- .
4. Not only are Afghan civilians much safer under American occupation than Iraqis , they are also statistically less likely to be killed in the war than anyone living in the United States during the early 1990s , when the U.S. murder rate peaked at more than 24,000 killings a year -LRB- about 10 per ten thousand -RRB- .
5. Washington Monthly .
6. July/August 2009 .
7. Due to the impotence of the Afghan state and its fledgling armed forces , withdrawing by the timetabled date would most likely mean abandoning the project of building a successful Afghan state , a project which can be successful if NATO troops continue to play their vital role in it .
8. It is a myth that Afghanistan is unconquerable or ungovernable .
9. An assertion that deserves a similarly hard look is the argument that nation building in Afghanistan is doomed because the country isnt a nation-state , but rather a jury-rigged patchwork of competing tribal groupings .
10. In fact , Afghanistan is a much older nation-state than , say , Italy or Germany , both of which were only unified in the late nineteenth century .
What is the debate topic for the following sentences?

1. President Obama has stated in the public record his support for increased disclosure for corporate and individual donors as well as efforts to limit the high-value contributions from corporations that are permitted under In response to the supreme court decision on Citizens United v Federal Election Commission act Obama declared in the 2010 state of the Union I dont think American elections should be bankrolled by Americas most powerful interests , or worse , by foreign entities .
2. Following a similar strategy , the 2012 campaign garnered hundreds of thousands supporters in the first several months , shattering 2008 records .
3. By election day his facebook page had 3.4 million supporters , his website My.BarackObama.com had 2million members , the campaign had an email list of 13 million and there were 1 million text message subscribers showing how campaigns should be run by mobilizing people not powerful interests .
4. PresidentObamafamouslyeschewedlargecorporatedonorsinfavorofgrassroots fundraising and social media in 2008 , casting a wide net of supporters .
5. In a democracy where the government is supposed to be accountable to the people this should be self-evident ; accountable to the people should mean that rather than accountable to corporate interests .
6. They should be decided by the American people .

Obama vs. Romney: Does campaign finance in the United States need to be fixed?
This House would grant politicians immunity from prosecution
What argument could one make about this debate topic?

Giving politicians’ immunity from prosecution allows them to focus on performing their duties
What debate topic are the following sentences about?

1. These are not role models of which we should be proud .
2. Tyson cruelly bit off a portion of Holyfields ear in the fight , on live television .
3. Tyson was one of the most popular and successful boxers in history , when he faced Evander Holyfield in the most hyped fight of the year .
4. Mike Tyson is a particularly harmful example .
5. The marketing of boxing exalts this mindless violence and those who perpetrate it .
6. In addition to the violence in the ring , brawls often break out at press conferences and even inside boxing venues .
7. Children should not idolize people who make a living by injuring other people .
8. Boxers are presented as beacons of success for young people , but they are not good role models .
9. , Tyson : Id bite again , October 4 , 1999 , .

This House would ban boxing.
Poetry should not be taught in schools (Junior)
What is a possible side to this debate?

Poetry is too difficult for school students
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences?

1. That 's because U.S. women still earned only 77 cents on the male dollar in 2008 , according to the latest census statistics .
2. -LRB- That number drops to 68 % for African-American women and 58 % for Latinas . -RRB-
3. These are all real problems , on which feminists continue to campaign - as they should .
4. Feminism is still of relevance today , and is indeed needed .
5. In the UK , one in four women suffers domestic violence , and an increase in the reporting of rape in the last thirty years has gone alongside a threefold drop in conviction rates .
6. In countries such as Ireland and Malta abortion is still not legal for all women , this can be seen as an important part of equality for woman that has not been achieved yet and needs to be fought for .
7. If we take feminism as a global movement then the movement is still of huge importance .

Feminism Has Plenty More To Achieve
Shorter degree courses are better for getting mature students into education.
Come up with some evidence to support this claim.

1. It would seem then that the introduction of such courses would encourage more mature students to get better qualifications , and in the process be able to contribute more to the economy as well as learn more for themselves .
2. We should seek to encourage such committed students , who often contribute a great deal to society and the economy upon their graduation .
3. Those who left school at 16 or 18 but now want to go to college are often more serious about their studies , often with a more motivated and professional approach than 19 or 20-year-olds who have moved to university by default .
4. For example , at Stafford University where 2-year courses are being trialed , Director for Academic Development Dr Steve Wyn Williams has said that `` Many of our students who opt to do the fast-tracks are mature students who are looking for a career change who are often quite used to working during the summer period when they were in employment '' .
5. But mature students want focused , cost-effective courses that do not require them to take three or more years out of a career .
What is the debate topic for the following sentences?

1. This means that surgery costs more on average for smokers and is also less likely to be effective .
2. Overall complications were reduced to 10 % in those who quit smoking compared with 44 % in those who continued .
3. For example , in a study of wound and other complications after hip or knee surgery , no smoker who quit beforehand developed a wound infection compared with 26 % of ongoing smokers and 27 % of those who only reduced tobacco use .
4. Failure to quit smoking before surgical procedures increases cardiac and pulmonary complications , impairs tissue healing , and is associated with more infections and other complications at the surgical site .
5. Therefore , prioritizing non-smokers , at least in certain areas of healthcare , would be beneficial to society as a whole .
6. Treating more smokers means devoting more resources for lower results .

This house would deny smokers access to state healthcare.
This House would produce high quality generic drugs for Africa
What is a possible side to this debate?

Easily affordable drugs will mean greater access
This House believes that the EU should abandon nuclear energy
What is a possible side to this debate?

Nuclear energy goes against Green World
What debate topic are the following sentences about?

1. The primary justification for democracy promotion is the democratic peace theory .
2. The theory of the democratic peace goes back to Immanuel Kant 's essay ` Perpetual Peace ' , which he published in 1795 ; perpetual peace refers to a state of affairs where peace is permanently established over a certain area , as the Roman and British Empires attempted to do during their respective periods of dominance in history .
3. Kant 's theory was that the majority of people would never go to war , unless in self-defence .
4. Democracies tend not to go to war as often as other countries because their military is more directly under civilian control .
5. Authoritarian governments or those heavily underpinned by their respective armies , by contrast , have no such barriers to whimsical invasions of other countries -LRB- nor the use of the national army to suppress their own people in a bid to solidify power -RRB- .
6. Communist North Korea is just one example of a country whose foreign policy is extremely aggressive as a direct result of its political inclinations .
7. Therefore if all countries were democracies there would be no wars as there would be no aggressors .
8. Given the peaceful nature of democratic states , it is clearly in the interest of the USA to promote democratic change worldwide .

This house would promote democratization
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences?

1. For instance , in the United States , standards are expected to improve with time , leading to fears that even if schools and students improve , they will not do so quick enough to meet national expectations .
2. Some even fear that ` by 2014 , virtually every school across our country will have failed the unrealistic mandates of No Child Left Behind ' , the program that enforces national testing .
3. Which historic figures should all students learn about ?
4. What parts of history are most important ?
5. The idea of national testing may seem like a good idea until you start to actually try to agree the standards that teachers must teach to .
6. Agreeing what must be taught is difficult enough in a local setting ; nationally such agreement is probably not achievable .
7. Also , and partly as a result , good standards are difficult to come up with .
8. Standards are either too vague so that the test-makers and teachers do not know what material to focus on , or they are too detailed so that teachers and students are swamped by the large number of subjects that must be covered .
9. Should creationism be taught in science or religious education ?
10. Maribeth Wilkerson , a graduate student of education , argues ` public schools are serving a particular community , so for that community to not have a say in what 's taught and how does n't seem right ' .

It is impossible, in large countries, to have a national curriculum that teaches all the relevant information and sets a fair common standard
Sentences: 1. Reeves , Richard , The Pinch : How the Baby Boomers Stole Their Childrens Future by David Willetts , , 7 February 2010 ,
2. To make matters worse they are likely to be paying more for their elders pensions -LRB- which come out of current workers national insurance not that which was paid in by the boomers themselves -RRB- and healthcare and then will have to work longer for a smaller pension themselves .
3. This means that if spending remains on its current trajectory most spending will remain directed at the baby boomers for decades to come .
4. David Willetts , the UK Minister for Universities and Science , estimates that the boomers are set to take out about 118 % of what they put in to the welfare state .
5. The current generation on the other hand in some countries are having to pay more for their education and then find there is no job available .
6. In most western countries the baby boomers -LRB- those who were born between the end of the second world war and the mid-1960s -RRB- could be considered to have led a charmed life .
7. They were the beneficiaries of free schooling and university education , then of an expanding economy that provided enough jobs , and finally high pensions .

What claim can be made from these sentences?

The youth are getting a raw deal
This House believes that the US and Israel should join the International Criminal Court.
What is a possible side to this debate?

The American people support ICC membership.
What is the debate topic for the following sentences?

1. By linking education to traditional economic activities , families are unable to take advantage of alternative sources of trade or income .
2. Where a state fosters a healthy service economy , and offers additional benefits to foreign firms who employ its businesses as outsourcing partners , demand for highly educated workers will increase .
3. In developing states that lack a growing service sector , the value of a qualification in science , accounting or computing can not be immediately realised .
4. This situation may prevent social mobility in one of two ways .
5. Firstly , a child who is only educated to a certain standard , or who is encouraged to gain knowledge that is relevant only to a certain field , may be unable to adapt to changes in his economic circumstances later in life .
6. A worker with training in computing will be able to compete for a much wider range of jobs than someone who only has a basic education that only focused on literacy .
7. Offshore outsourcing incentivises wider engagement with education in developing states , for longer periods of time .
8. While - even more so than in the wealthy world - education is seen by citizens of developing nations as offering a path out of poverty or subsistence-level economic activity , worries about property rights , the breakdown of families and communities and the acquisition of essential skills may lead to schooling becoming a lower priority for older children and young adults .
9. The connection between education , skills acquisition and improvements in income and living standards are not immediate .
10. There is little impetus for workers and parents to pay for forms of education that are not directly linked to the sorts of economic activity that are predominant in their communities .

This House Would Encourage Offshoring
This House would unleash the free market
What argument could one make about this debate topic?

The free market is morally superior because it operates on liberty
Claim: Trade is a long-term basis for international co-operation.
What evidence supports this claim?

1. It tends to be less predictable , both because it is manipulated for political reasons and also because it can be quite ephemeral and so , if the developed country goes through a bad economic time , the aid budget makes an easy target for a reduction in spending as is shown by the arguments in the United States where the USAID Administrator Shah `` We estimate , and I believe these are very conservative estimates , that H.R. 1 -LSB- bill passed by republicans in the house cutting foreign spending -RSB- would lead to 70,000 kids dying , '' .
2. European trade with Africa may have decreased , but Chinas demand for oil and raw materials is blossoming , and Africa is becoming a major supplier .
3. This will allow a firm basis for a flow of cash or goods into the developing country , largely independently of whether the developed country is doing well or badly economically at a given moment .
4. This can be contrasted to the flow of aid .
5. Whereas aid is mostly short term , particularly for individual projects or limited to the donors priorities , the other partner in a trading relationship is likely to represent an ongoing market for goods or services .
6. So when a developing country has the capacity to engage in trade with another country , there is a strong likelihood that that trade will blossom into an ongoing trading partnership .
What is the debate topic for the following sentences?

1. Bowcott , Owen , Charles Taylor and the dirty-looking stones given to Naomi Campbell , , 26 April 2012 ,
2. Courtroom sketches , written transcripts and other tools allow reportage without the use of original footage in a tawdry manner .
3. Jurisdictions where cameras are not permitted in courts still can and do have accurate , informative and timely reports of cases , however high profile , without filming them .
4. Much of the interest in the SCSL Charles Taylor trial came along when Naomi Campbell gave evidence so giving the trial celebrity interest that had little to do with the legalities involved .
5. The ICC trials are among the most high profile in the world so are likely to be susceptible to this .
6. The Simpson trial showed how harmful a televised high profile trial can be degenerating into a freak show .
7. Broadcasting trials would be likely to turn the court in to entertainment .

This House opposes televising all criminal trials, and the ICC is no exception
Sentences: 1. Instead this bill , which carries the marks of both political and moral corruption has been the main focus of the president and congress .
2. This issue has consumed political energy for over a decade and received massive national and international attention and yet there are far more pressing concerns for the nation and its political leaders .
3. Villegas , Socrates B. , Contraception is Corruption !
4. At the very least this suggests a questionable sense of priority , at worst a gross lack of interest in the welfare of the Filipino people .
5. The idea that the hungry and homeless need condoms more than food and shelter is clearly absurd .
6. This has been an urban and political obsession from the outset .
7. Rather than interfering in the moral life of the nation , parliamentarians would be better exercised in tackling these concerns .
8. The poor would be better helped through accessible education , better hospitals and lesser government corruption .
9. , , 15 December 2012 ,

What claim can be made from these sentences?

Poor families would be helped far more by investment in education and healthcare
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences?

1. Such stockpiling would only occur if they were confident that the vaccines have passed through a rigorous testing process .
2. Furthermore , even after being approved , organizations exist , like the United States Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System , as a center for tracking adverse events related to specific vaccines .
3. If the events classified as serious are reported regularly for a specific vaccine , the vaccine can be subject to further study .
4. All vaccinations are tested rigorously before they are approved for use .
5. As vaccinations represent an important and potential harmful intrusion in an individuals body , it is very important that they are safe .
6. This is especially clear when governments decide to make immunization obligatory ; they have to be sure they administer to their citizens safe vaccinations .
7. Based on the increase in the number of compulsory vaccinations in different countries , many governments have also stocked up on the funding of vaccination controlling of offered immunization treatments .

All vaccinations are tested rigorously before they are approved, and tracked afterwards
The difficulty of removing Landmines far outweighs their usefulness
Come up with some evidence to support this claim.

1. They are easily removed by quite low-technology military equipment which means that they are not very dangerous to armed forces whose mobility is not significantly restricted , this is after-all the purpose of the mines , but are incredibly harmful to civilians .
2. The usefulness of landmines is significantly over-represented .
3. Removing a landmine can be fairly easy , but detecting them is not .
4. A significant problem is that many minefields have been left unmarked and that they can remain active for more than 50 years .
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences?

1. In fact , the age where girls enter puberty has become progressively younger ; so , whereas 11 might be considered an average age to begin puberty , some girls can begin puberty as young as 7 years old .
2. However , in either case or early or of late development , the subjective decision of sexual maturity should not be permitted or outlawed by a system which takes no personal account of the individual ; the only person who can judge if they are ready is the girl herself .
3. The decision to have sex is an incredibly subjective one .
4. Some girls might be ready at 13 , others may not be ready until they are in their twenties or older .

Young girls should have the right to independent choice.
This House believes the ICC is biased against Africa
What is a possible side to this debate?

ICC is controlled by the Security Council
Sentences: 1. McGreal , Chris .
2. `` The battle of the US-Mexico frontier . ''
3. The FBI has warned that it is likely that Al Qaeda operatives and other terrorist groups will use the porous Mexican border as a means of infiltrating the country and launching deadly plots against American citizens in future .
4. To prevent the carrying out of attacks , America needs secure borders .
5. That has forced a costly increased police presence in border areas , and even that often proves insufficient to quell the killings .
6. But even if the violent common criminals were somehow suppressed because of stepped up actions by the Mexican government , an easily penetrated border presents a national security threat .
7. Mexican violence between drug cartels frequently spills over and threatens the lives and peace-of-mind of Americans as well .
8. The Council on Foreign Relations has said that Mexico 's levels of violence and lawlessness over the past few years exceed even those in Iraq or Afghanistan .

What claim can be made from these sentences?

A fence would dramatically increase American safety.
What claim can be made from the following pieces of evidence?

1. A similar dynamic has been played out a number of times in the past , and as of yet there has never been a war between two nuclear powers .
2. When states have nuclear weapons they can not fight , making the world a more peaceful place .
3. For example , the conflict between India and Pakistan was defused by the acquisition of nuclear weapons by both sides .
4. Before they obtained nuclear weapons , they fought three wars that claimed millions of lives .
5. Relations between the two states , while still far from cordial , have never descended into open war .
6. The defusing of the immediate tension of war , has given the chance for potential dialogue .
7. Nuclear weapons create stability , described in the doctrine of Mutually Assured Destruction -LRB- MAD -RRB- .
8. Countries with nuclear weapons have no incentive to engage in open military conflict with one another ; all recognize that they will suffer destruction if they choose the path of war .
9. If countries have nuclear weapons , fighting simply becomes too costly .
10. This serves to defuse conflicts , and reduce the likelihood of the outbreak of war .

Nuclear weapons serve to defuse international conflicts and force compromise
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences?

1. One of the more divisive problems in America is the increasing inequality between the wealthy and members of other classes .
2. The burdens currently confronted by Americas middle class are addressed in a number of ways .
3. The harms that could , and have resulted from this extend to the Occupy Protests in the tail end of 2011 , as well as riots With the rich consistently seeming to get richer despite the poor economic climate , many of the less rich within the American economy feel that the state is playing against them , conferring advantages on those best able to lobby politicians and make large election campaign donations .
4. A popular consensus has emerged amongst Americas middle class , which portrays the recession as an event triggered by the rich , with rhetoric regarding Greedy Bankers playing into the public discourse on the ineffectiveness of state regulation of large financial institutions .
5. This is problematic when it is state mechanisms that will enable Americans who lack access to costly universities to better educate and train themselves , thus making them more employable thus allowing them to help push the American economy out of recession .
6. Finally , the jobs act redresses problems where the largest subsidies go to things such as charitable giving and mortgage interest presumably things which are paid by people who need subsidies the least .
7. Caps will be placed on such tax breaks under the act and as such , money will be more likely to go to people who need it more the poor or unemployed .
8. Given also the higher tax burden placed on the rich with this tax , and the system that results is likely to be skewed more strongly in favour of working Americans .
9. Further , changes in the taxation system will also be able to sure up any loopholes that have been exploited by the rich to avoid taxes .
10. The American Jobs Act redresses the balance between the wealthy top tier of American society and its middle and working classes .

The Jobs Act Redresses the Balance Between the Wealthy and the Middle Class