cindermond/bento huggingface dataset:
Obama vs. Romney: Should the United States increase the foreign aid budget?
What argument could one make about this debate topic?

Foreign aid benefits the United States
Sentences: 1. , accessed 27th June 2011
2. This means that one set of MPs are not acting under an electoral mandate when they vote in Parliament and , consequently , their decisions lack the legitimacy of English MPs .
3. Separating the functions of foreign and domestic policy into two separate parliaments would make the mandates of elected politicians clear , and enable all MPs to vote with a consistent level of legitimacy .
4. The Westminster Parliament can only affect the Scottish and Welsh through foreign policy , therefore , Scottish and Welsh MPs are elected by their constituents with a mandate to enact policy in areas of foreign policy .
5. Meanwhile , English politicians have a mandate to enact both foreign and domestic policy , since their electorates vote them in to carry out these functions .
6. It is problematic that England , Scotland and Wales elect politicians to the same legislature with differing mandates .
7. A mandate is a commission given to a government and its policies or an elected representative and his policies through an electoral victory .

What claim can be made from these sentences?

An English Parliament would solve the conflict between differing mandates.
1. `` Factsheet '' .
2. Today , these refugees number approximately 355,000 persons .
3. By this measure , the Palestinian people have a right to self-determination in their homeland , allowing them to establish an independent state if they wish , any suppression of that right should be seen as a human rights violation .
4. Owing to this right they freely establish their political status and freely provide their economic , social and cultural development ... World Conference on Human Rights considers refusal of the right to self-determination as a violation of human rights and emphasizes the necessity of effective realization of this right '' .
5. The 1993 Vienna Declaration , which reaffirmed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the UN Charter -LRB- and so sets the standard in current international law -RRB- , unequivocally gives all peoples the right to self-determination : `` All people have the right to self-determination .
6. The fact that these refugees are forced by Israel to continue living abroad , mostly in refugee camps , further harms Palestinians by denying them the right to self-determination in their homeland which they were expelled from .
7. VIENNA DECLARATION AND PROGRAMME OF ACTION .
8. United Nations World Conference on Human Rights .
9. Approximately 32,000 Palestinians also became internally displaced in the areas occupied in 1948 .
10. Together with their descendants , more than 4.3 million of these refugees are today registered with the United Nations while over 1.7 million are not .

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

Denying the right to return harms Palestinians
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences?

1. This has been identified as a serious problem among teenage drivers who are themselves more familiar with the technology and do not see driving as an environment in which it is inappropriate to divert ones attention .
2. Despite the fact that using a mobile -LRB- cell -RRB- phone is illegal in many countries , there are still places including a lot of US states in which it is completely legal to use a phone even to send text messages indeed one in three -LRB- 34 % -RRB- texting teens ages 16-17 say they have texted while driving .
3. Adding at least a year onto the legal driving age would bring maturity in all areas and an increased awareness of the dangers of driving whilst using mobile media and communication devices .

Young people are generally more technologically capable, and are more likely to be distracted by mobile media devices than older people.
What debate topic are the following sentences about?

1. This means that all leaders should treat each other with respect and deference .
2. Harnden , Toby .
3. Barack Obama : arrogant US has been dismissive to allies .
4. 3 April 2009 .
5. From its early days , the Obama administration has strived to change the tide of US foreign policy , by moving away from Americas unilateralism and dismissiveness of other nations .
6. Its treatment of its foes is a product of that same attitude .
7. The general policy not to meet or negotiate without preconditions is akin to dangling a spot at the table like some sort of prize that foreign leaders need to work for .
8. In international law , all states are sovereign and equal with no one having a right to interfere with others internal affairs .

This House Believes Obama was right to agree to meet rogue leaders without preconditions.
1. Therefore , the outing of gay celebrities is something that society is entitled to do as the lack of outing themselves breaks their obligation to the society that created them .
2. Celebrities have limited rights to privacy when that privacy conflicts with the well-being of the individuals who create their success and celebrity status in the first place .
3. Celebrities are products of the society that admires them , and so as a result they owe a particularly high duty to that society .
4. Celebrities have a special obligation to society because their success and lives are directly created and maintained by society .
5. If gay celebrities do not out themselves to help the cause of an oppressed group in society , the society that has created them and their success has the right to do it for them .
6. As a result , they have an obligation to help that community and whatever way they possibly can in return for the fact that their existence and success is facilitated by them .

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

Celebrities have an obligation to out themselves
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences?

1. In order to fully take its place on the world stage and to become a full member of the community of free nations , Japan must be able to direct its own defense and foreign policies .
2. This can only truly happen once the United States withdraws its forces from Japan .
3. In any event , the Japan Self-Defense Forces are well suited to the task of defending Japan , as it is the sixth largest defense organization by expenditure in the world .
4. It is not in any real danger of being overwhelmed by aggressors in the absence of American protection .
5. With the United States military gone , Japan will be able to begin reconsidering its defense policy and to shape it in the image it sees as befitting itself , not how the United States envisions it .
6. The presence of American troops in lieu of a Japanese military hampers Japan 's ability to shape a defense policy on its own terms , instead having to defer to the United States , whose interest might or might not coincide with Japan 's .
7. The Japanese constitution contains a clause , forced into it by the American occupiers , denying Japan the power to develop a military of its own .
8. The ironic thing is that the United States military now claims to be doing Japan a favor by retaining its bases , claiming that because they have no military they can not defend themselves .
9. Every state has a right to shape its own destiny and that of its people .
10. It must therefore have control over its defense policy , which necessarily shape its interactions with other states .

Japan, as an independent nation-state, should have the ability to shape its own military policy.
Introduce a fat tax (Junior)
What argument could one make about this debate topic?

Being fat causes problems for everyone
1. Cyber-attacks pose a distinct problem for international diplomacy in that they are difficult to prevent and difficult to respond to .
2. Any kind of military response as the United States has threatened would be completely disproportionate against all but the very biggest of cyber-attacks -LRB- those that actually result in deaths -RRB- , diplomacy on the other hand is as good as no response , if the response is simply a tongue lashing then the benefits of cyber espionage will be far higher than the cost .
3. The only proportionate , and therefore just , response to a cyber-attack is sanctions .
4. The sanctions can be used to impose a similar economic cost on the offending state as that caused by the cyber-attack .
5. This would be just like the World Trade Organisation 's dispute settlement rules .
6. They allow for the imposition of trade sanctions to a similar value to the losses being experienced as a result of protectionist action , with the sanctions sometimes on differing sectors to those where there are unfair trade practices .
7. Alternatively sanctions could mean a proportionate Internet response ; users from the offending nation could be prohibited from using Internet services , for example an attack by hackers on the US could result in people from that country being blocked from Google and other US internet services .
8. Friedman , Benjamin H. , Preble , Christopher A. , A Military Response to Cyberattacks Is Preposterous , , 2 June 2011 , World Trade Organisation , Understanding the WTO : Settling Disputes , 2013 ,

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

Sanctions are a proportionate response
What is the debate topic for the following sentences?

1. Therefore , the Dalai Lama 's ` Middle Way 's is the most practical and realistic path toward rapprochement between Tibet and China .
2. This adds to its practicality as it would offer a political strategy consistent with the cultural norms of most Tibetans .
3. The Dalai Lama 's Middle Way in Tibet is designed , per its name , around these Buddhist principles , and so it has the advantage of being in keeping with the religious beliefs of most of Tibet 's population .
4. In this sutta - known in English as The Setting in Motion of the Wheel of Dharma - the Buddha describes the middle way as a path of moderation between the extremes of sensual indulgence and self-mortification .
5. It was coined in the very first teaching that he delivered after his enlightenment .
6. The Buddhist ` Middle Way ' is the descriptive term that Siddhartha Gautama -LRB- the Supreme Buddha -RRB- used to describe the character of the path he discovered that led to liberation .
7. The ` Middle Way ' also has the advantage of being in keeping with Tibetan Buddhist beliefs , mirroring the religions own middle way tradition .
8. A key aspect of the ` Middle Way ' is an undertaking by Tibetan leaders not to push for further independence if greater autonomy is granted .
9. The ` Middle Way ' provides the current generation of Chinese leaders with an opportunity to accord greater autonomy to Tibet , without risking their domestic political capital or jeopardising Chinas international standing .
10. Conversely , China is unlikely to give up control of Tibet , as doing so would constitute a grievous blow to the territorial integrity of China itself .

This House supports the Dalai Lamas third way in Tibet.
What debate topic are the following sentences about?

1. All technological platforms have the potential to be abused or act as a negative medium , what is important is that children are taught to use their mobile phones responsibly .
2. Schools should introduce programs and classes that teach children not only how important the devices are to their personal safety , but also how to exploit the advantages of the software .
3. All children with sufficiently smart mobile phones should know how to find out where they are at any given time using map functions , and how to use the internet to find information on the go but to be vary of revealing their location to others and possible commercial exploitation of certain location based services .
4. This advice should be taught alongside warnings about the limits of mobile phone technology , ensuring that the children dont trust them blindly but use them as verification tools or means of starting enquiries .
5. What should emerge is an environment where phones can be used as teaching tools and facilitating social cohesion rather than simply being a distraction in class .

This House believes that children should be allowed to own and use mobile phones.
What debate topic are the following sentences about?

1. In 2001 , 301 decedents with gross estates in excess of $ 20 million gave $ 6.8 million to charity , accounting for 42 % of all charitable bequests .
2. The estate tax creates an incentive to leave money to charitable causes , as any sum left to a charity is exempt from the tax calculations .
3. This allows rich individuals to exercise choices as to where their fortune goes after their death , rather than leaving it to the federal government to decide , but the whole of society still benefits .
4. In this way the estate tax underpins the whole tradition of American philanthropy which does so much to enrich social , educational , cultural and environmental areas of national life .
5. A study on the effect of the estate tax on charitable giving found that ` estate tax repeal would have significant deleterious effects on charitable bequests and giving during life ' .

This house would impose an estate tax
What debate topic are the following sentences about?

1. Once the Secretary has given assent they are subject to independent review by an Intelligence Services Commissioner and an Interception of Communications Commissioner to ensure that they are fully compliant with the law .
2. Hague , William , Prism statement in full , , 10 June 2013 ,
3. In democracies there are numerous safeguards and levels of oversight to prevent abuse .
4. In the UK for example there is a strong framework of democratic accountability and oversight .
5. Agencies are required to seek authorisation for their operations from a Secretary of State , normally the Foreign Secretary or Home Secretary .
6. The Secretary is given legal advice and comments from civil servants .

This House believes you have nothing to worry about surveillance if you have done nothing wrong.
1. There is no reason for which we dont want these women to be a part of our European cultural identity .
2. Besides the security that they will gain , they will be able to go to school or get a job more easily than in their native country .
3. It is shameful to give this opportunity only to your citizens when women from countries that discriminate against them might be able to contribute so much more than they are able to under their circumstances in their native country .
4. When you live under a system that considers you inferior to the other gender and denies you opportunities on the basis of gender sometimes including education the individual is clearly never going to have a chance to make their life worthwhile for its own sake .
5. Women who are constantly threatened by their husbands or who are in societies where they are considered to represent less than a man will most certainly lack ambition to achieve their full potential or even if they do have the ambition will be restrained from fulfilling it .
6. By giving them asylum in a place where women and men are treated equally , we give them the opportunity to do whatever they wanted to do before .
7. They wont be able to take up jobs that will have an impact on the world , they wont control their own economic circumstances as their husband is the only breadwinner , and they will be denied the opportunity to express their ideas and views .

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

We would allow discriminated women to reach their full potential
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences?

1. It would be unfair and inaccurate to assume that the benefits of arts subsidy only go to the wealthy elite , as the focus is on providing arts projects for all members of society .
2. It also allows other public institutions which have similar economic problems such as schools and colleges to provide better services for their students , giving them access to better teaching resources and therefore a better quality of education .
3. Subsidy can ensure that cheaper tickets are available and that the arts remain democratically open to all , regardless of income or social class .
4. The reduction in available services would make arts less accessible to all , and although the demand would still be there , forcing companies to ensure they make a profit will drive ticket prices up and prevent those from poorer backgrounds from being able to enjoy the same cultural experiences as those who are wealthy .
5. As well as being important for personal enrichment , access to the arts also makes the young aware of their cultural heritage both nationally and in world terms , increasing the likelihood of continued interest in the arts and its creation in the future .
6. Without subsidy schools and young people would not be able to take affordable music lessons , visit museums or galleries , or to attend plays or concerts , and would thereby be prevented from understanding and enjoying their culture fully .
7. Free and cheap access to the arts is crucial for education .

There would be a social, as well as an economic impact were public spending to the arts to be cut.
What claim can be made from the following pieces of evidence?

1. The conditions would be even more difficult for more conventional mining onshore where the mining would need to go through the icecap .
2. Also , at a practical level , the cost of exploration and production would be completely uneconomic , especially given the hostile climate and the serious iceberg threats to offshore rigs , tankers and pipelines , as well as the very deep continental shelf .
3. It is estimated by CoolAntarctica.com -LRB- 2008 -RRB- that each barrel of oil from Antarctica would cost USD$ 100 , whereas current reserves of oil cost on average USD$ 77 a barrel .
4. Furthermore , the economics of exploiting Antarcticas resources suggest that it would cost far more that current oil reserves .
5. Firstly , proven and probable reserves of oil and gas are still rising faster than global consumption , so there is no economic need to exploit any hypothetical Antarctic sources .
6. There are many reasons why oil and gas exploration should not be allowed in the Antarctic .

It is impractical to exploit Antarctica's natural resources
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences?

1. Perceptions of beauty and fashion in particular have been terribly distorted .
2. Many young people have low self-esteem , and lead unhealthy lifestyles because they feel they should be thinner and more attractive like the models they see in adverts .
3. Many adverts do more than just advertising products .
4. Some try to make people feel inferior if they do n't have the product , or if they have something which the product would change .
5. However , it often tends to portray a limited -LRB- small -RRB- number of body shapes ' .
6. This leads to serious problems like eating-disorders and self-harm .
7. Research that proved this effect also concluded that ` the media can boost self-esteem -LRB- happiness with one 's self -RRB- where it is providing examples of a variety of body shapes .

Advertisements try to make people feel bad about not having the product.
1. Takyi-Boadu , Charles , Confusion Hits Mills , , 21 July 2012 ,
2. A couple of days before John Atta Mills died Nii Lantey Vanderpuye a candidate for Mills party stated He -LSB- Mills -RSB- is stronger and healthier than any presidential candidate , information that in retrospect was clearly untrue .
3. Not being open about health issues almost invariably means that the administration is lying to those who elected them , those who they are accountable to .
4. Secrecy in relation to the leaders health shows a distrust or distain of the electorate .

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

The head of state/government must be accountable to the people
1. Banning household 3D printers , therefore , is a necessary step to uphold the rules we find important to our safety .
2. -LSB- 5 -RSB- Winter , Jana .
3. As the technology develops , it seems likely that guns like the one created by Defense Distributed will continue to appear , becoming cheaper , more functional and more accessible .
4. While the US succeeded in promptly removing the blueprints , removing blueprints from the internet will quickly prove impossible as the phenomenon inevitably becomes more widespread .
5. This is dangerous for all the same reasons that we do not allow people to produce their own weapons : we can not ensure criminals or mentally ill people do not gain access to them , and we can not track them after they have been used to commit a crime .
6. Furthermore , they can be made of plastic , thus making them essentially undetectable to most security scans .
7. When weapons become so easily accessible , crimes become easier for terrorists or criminals to commit , and thus more crimes take place .
8. By banning printers before blueprints spread , we could avoid disasters such as the 2004 bombings in Madrid , in which the bombs were produced from instructions on the internet .
9. Similarly , the production of drugs and other illegal substances becomes impossible to regulate when anybody can produce anything in their own homes from plans on the internet .
10. Restricting the spread of blueprints online is impossible , so the physical means of production must be regulated before they become irreversibly accessible .

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

Private 3D printers make it impossible to regulate illegal products
Sentences: 1. In the same way prostitutes have no real protection from assault and rape due to the criminality of their acts , victims of assault and rape in S&M are no longer protected .
2. Where an S&M session goes awry , victims of an abuse of consent will have to admit to engaging in a criminal act .
3. Although it is not possible to be prosecuted for being the victim of a crime , individuals who are harmed during sadomasochistic sex many not be able to engage in a rational assessment of their own criminal liability .
4. Alternately , victims may be disincentivised from approaching the police altogether .
5. Where a dominant partner ignores safe words or pushes a session too far , the criminal status of S&M may lead to a victim being prosecuted alongside a perpetrator .
6. The criminalisation of S&M removes legal protection from individuals who suffer an abuse of consent while submitting to sadistic practices .
7. Individuals will not stop engaging in S&M simply because the state says so , but victims of over-aggressive partners will lose recourse or protection under the law if they try to approach the police about such an incident .
8. The only time S&M can be problematic is when someone does not listen to their partner when they withdraw their consent and ask for the session to end .
9. Victims of abuses of consent may therefore become wary of informing the police that they have participated in such activity , for fear that they will be publicly stigmatized or subjected to police investigation themselves .
10. Even though laws against sadomasochistic acts pin liability only on the sadistic partner , they also serve to criminalize the act itself .

What claim can be made from these sentences?

Decriminalisation will protect practitioners of sadomasochism
Sentences: 1. This leaves billions of the world 's population without representation in the world 's highest body .
2. At the moment many countries are not heard in the council and some states may never gain a chance of being elected to the Security Council .
3. Security Council expansion would make the UN much more democratic as there would be more participants representing more of the people of the world present in closed meetings and informal consultations .
4. How can India with over a sixth of the world 's population be left out ?
5. -LSB- 1 -RSB- -LSB- 1 -RSB- ` Concluding Annual Debate on Security Council Reform , General Assembly ' , 12/11/2010 ,
6. Expansion would increase the transparency and therefore the accountability of the Council something that even countries sometimes considered to be against democracy believe is necessary he -LRB- Seyed Mohammad Ali Mottaghi Nejad -RRB- said Iran believed that the links between the issues comprised the basic objective of a comprehensive reform towards a Council that was more democratic , inclusive , equitably representative , transparent , effective and accountable .

What claim can be made from these sentences?

The Security council needs to be more democratic.
1. These myths claim that immigrants are criminals and that they steal jobs from natives .
2. Without this equal treatment , common myths about migrants will continue to be widely believed .
3. It is a violation of migrants human rights to be treated this way , and they will only be seen as equals when they are granted economic protection that allows them to work alongside natives .
4. The organization Migrant Rights says , All these myths rob migrant workers and refugees of their humanity , and are aimed at portraying them as less deserving of our sympathy and help .
5. According to Article 13 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , everyone has the right to leave or enter a country , as well as to move within it -LRB- internal migration -RRB- .
6. Unless migrants receive equal social and economic rights , they will never be seen as equal in a human sense .
7. Human rights also include fair treatment under the welfare state , and increased economic protections for migrants is necessary in many states for them to receive such treatment .
8. This freedom of movement is often not granted under current laws .
9. , , accessed June 30 , 2011 , .

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

Further protections are required to grant migrants full human rights.
1. If we wish to improve child literacy across the board , there would potentially be a great economic benefit in the future , as a higher standard of consistency would reduce the burden on the education system and provide a more literate workforce .
2. Masha Bell suggests that the irregular spellings of common words like `` to , you , your , very , many '' are particularly noxious because they keep undermining the basic English spelling system and so make it harder for children to learn it .
3. It seems that the main problem is the fact that there are illogical inconsistencies in spelling , pronunciation and meaning at a fundamental level in words that are essential in everyday use .
4. A survey taken in 2003 which shows that English children take as much as three times longer to learn basics of the language than the European average .

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

Simplifying the language could improve child literacy.
This House would adopt proportional representation
What argument could one make about this debate topic?

Coalition government is a good thing
This House would fund needle exchanges
What is a possible side to this debate?

Needle exchanges protect the public
This house would freeze the United Nations budget
What is a possible side to this debate?

No-growth funding policy results in better operation of the finances and will improve financial discipline.
1. It should therefore be no surprise if more Palestinians turn to the only way they see that they get any response from Israel - violence .
2. In this case it is made worse by the barrier being sited on land the Palestinians consider theirs .
3. It would be hard to find a better way to radicalise the inhabitants of East Jerusalem .
4. Israelis and Palestinians will need to learn to live side by side ; building an eight metre high wall sends a clear message to Palestinians that Israel is hostile and unwilling to find a permanent solution that would suit both nations .
5. Any short term security gain will be offset by growing Palestinian resentment against Israel , which could result in a greater number of suicide attacks in Israel .
6. When peoples lives are disrupted by something that they feel is unnecessary and discriminatory it is bound to increase resentment .
7. When constructing the barrier through Jerusalem for example the wall splits communities , disrupts everyday life and declares that a shared sovereignty solution is no longer possible for the city both sides claim as their capital .

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

Israel’s security wall will radicalise Palestinians
Sentences: 1. Ireland was already in the hands of the Irish people before English earls and kings invaded .
2. The Irish had a right to the ownership of their land because they cultivated it and so put their labor into it .
3. The age of colonialism is over .
4. We recognize that the dominance of one country over another is morally wrong .
5. To right this historical wrong , the British government should relinquish Northern Ireland , just as they have decolonized the rest of the world ending the British empire except for a few scattered outposts .
6. Since Hong Kong was handed back to China in 1997 Northern Ireland is the only remaining colony with a significant population and independent identity .
7. The use of force to seize that land from the peoples control is unjust because it denies them the right they had to their land .
8. They had no choice to voluntarily hand over their land either .

What claim can be made from these sentences?

Britain is morally obliged to permit the secession of northern Ireland
This House would  abolish congressional earmarks
What is a possible side to this debate?

Abolishing earmarks will save money
What debate topic are the following sentences about?

1. Over time , a scarcity of one gender will in any case produce new pressures to rebalance the population , for example the paying of dowries may change , and women will achieve higher status .
2. Even in China , the problem is largely due to the `` one-child '' policy which has been relaxed in many areas since the mid-1990s .
3. If a state 's population became seriously imbalanced , one might have to rethink : but given that most countries , including all in the West , have balanced populations , and given that many families in most countries will choose to have roughly as many of the other sex , this should not stop this proposal being put into effect in many countries .
4. We can prevent the trauma and stress of not having a child of a particular gender , which can have negative cultural connotations .
5. We can help realise this aim .
6. Some cultures place great importance on having at least one child of a particular gender .

This house believes parents should be able to choose the sex of their children
This house believes NAFTA has benefitted all parties involved.
What argument could one make about this debate topic?

The US has benefitted from NAFTA through lower prices and increased trade.
This house believes NAFTA has benefitted all parties involved.
What argument could one make about this debate topic?

NAFTA has bolstered cross-continental cooperation.
What debate topic are the following sentences about?

1. Whatever the good intentions of zoo-keepers , animals in zoos suffer .
2. They are inevitably confined in unnaturally small spaces , and are kept from the public by cages and bars .
3. A study of British zoos found that elephant enclosures were 1000 times smaller than their natural habitats .
4. Wild polar bears are confined ` in spaces that are more than a million times smaller than their arctic territory . '
5. They suffer psychological distress , often displayed by abnormal or self-destructive behaviour .
6. Aquatic animals do not have enough water , birds are prevented from flying away by having their wings clipped and being kept in aviaries .
7. Furthermore , the locations of zoos in urban areas leads to incidents like the fox attack at London Zoo in 2010 that killed 11 South African and Rockhopper penguins .

This House believes wild animals should not be kept in captivity
Summarize the argument implied by these sentences?

1. Do you support the restoration of the Constitution of the Crimean Republic dated 1992 and Crimea 's status as a part of Ukraine ?
2. This was put forward to 16 March with two options ; Do you support Crimea 's reunification with Russia ?
3. The 97 % vote for joining Russia and 83 % turnout conclusively show that this is the will of the Crimean people .
4. Putin told the Federation Council that Russia is responding to a threat to the lives of citizens of the Russian Federation and the personnel of the armed forces of the Russian Federation on Ukrainian territory .
5. It is the people of Crimea who are important and their interests should be considered .
6. The Crimean parliament has agreed to hold a referendum on 25 May on Autonomous Republic of Crimea has state sovereignty and is a part of Ukraine , in accordance with treaties and agreements .
7. Russia needs to protect both the Russian citizens who are in Crimea and the ethnic Russians who look to Moscow not Kiev .

Need to protect Russian civilians
What debate topic are the following sentences about?

1. The government need to take more control to effectively build future cities and define the path of urbanisation .
2. As Mike Davis -LRB- 2007 -RRB- suggests African nations showcase a new type of city - a city of slums , decay , and prevailing revolution .
3. Worldstat info , 2013 Megacities are defined as cities with over 10 million inhabitants -LRB- Wikipedia , 2013 -RRB- .
4. With the rising number of Megacities across Africa , the government need to introduce methods to control the sprawling nature of cities and create a sense of order .
5. Africa is undergoing rapid urbanisation of 3.5 % per year -LRB- by comparison Chinas is only2 .3 % -RRB- .
6. Urbanisation in Africa is occurring much faster than the governments are able to cope with .
7. Mega , and Million , cities have become a representation of Africas urban future .

This House believes forced evictions are necessary for African cities to become global players.
What debate topic are the following sentences about?

1. Until consensus is reached and indisputable proof of one theory or the other given , both sides should be taught in schools .
2. Many scientists do not accept the conclusions of the evolutionists .
3. People like Dr. Michael Behe have dedicated themselves to exposing the flaws in evolution and showing that there is very real disagreement within the scientific community .
4. This controversy is highlighted in the many court cases , books , and televised debates occurring in countries all over theworld .
5. Children deserve to hear about the controversy , and not to simply be fed one story set for them by the prevailing majority in the scientific community , even if that community can not claim anything near consensus .

This house would teach creationism in schools
1. The risks of circumcision have been repeatedly demonstrated .
2. Though they may be rare , they run from septicemia through to blood hemorrhage and heart attacks .
3. Any risk needs to be justified against some benefit .
4. In the absence of any demonstrable benefit then there is no need to tolerate any risk , particularly in the case of a newborn baby who can not express his opinion one way or another and will not be able to do so for years to come .
5. There is little research conducted on the long term effects of the procedure ; however there is a growing body of evidence that a surgical complication rate is about 1 in 500 and the post-surgical rate of attrition is believed by many to be higher .

What is the general argument implied by these sentences?

In any other situation involving minors a precautionary principle would be applied
What claim can be made from the following pieces of evidence?

1. Others might take six months to a year . ''
2. -LRB- 1 -RRB- As a result of legalizing performance-enhancing drugs a backstreet industry can become regulated as a result there will be much more control and testing to ensure the health and safety of the athletes who take the drugs .
3. Production of a simple new steroid compound would require `` lab equipment costing maybe $ 50,000 to $ 100,000 , '' .
4. Depending on the number of chemical reactions needed for synthesis , `` some of them could be made in a week or two .
5. It does not take a lot for chemists to produce performance enhancing drugs , the Scientific American reports : Rogue scientists start with testosterone or its commercially available analogues and then make minor structural modifications to yield similarly active derivatives .
6. The underground chemists make no effort to test their creations for effectiveness or safety , of course .

Improving safety standards in sport
This House would make all museums free of charge
What is a possible side to this debate?

Museums are a crucial source of inspiration and education
What claim can be made from the following pieces of evidence?

1. Billions of people across the world believe in Santa Claus , and so many people cant be wrong .
2. Whats more , a belief which was once confined to the Anglo-Saxon world is becoming more and more widespread .
3. If Chinese and South American children are coming to accept the existence of Santa Claus , then why should we in the western world give up our belief ?

Belief in Santa is not confined to Western culture