RCW 28A.180.010
Short title
—
Purpose.
RCW 28A.180.010
through
28A.180.080
shall be known and cited as "the transitional bilingual instruction act." The legislature finds that there are large numbers of children who come from homes where the primary language is other than English. The legislature finds that a transitional bilingual education program can meet the needs of these children. Pursuant to the policy of this state to insure equal educational opportunity to every child in this state, it is the purpose of RCW 28A.180.010
through
28A.180.080
to provide for the implementation of transitional bilingual education programs in the public schools.
[
2009 c 548 s 704
;
1990 c 33 s 163
;
1984 c 124 s 1
;
1979 c 95 s 1
. Formerly RCW 28A.58.800
.]
NOTES:
Effective date
—
2009 c 548 ss 101-110 and 701-710:
See note following RCW 28A.150.200
.
Intent
—
2009 c 548:
See RCW 28A.150.1981
.
Finding
—
2009 c 548:
See note following RCW 28A.410.270
.
Intent
—
Finding
—
2009 c 548:
See note following RCW 28A.305.130
.
Severability
—
1979 c 95:
"If any provision of this act, or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the act, or the application of the provision to other persons or circumstances is not affected." [
1979 c 95 s 9
.]
RCW 28A.180.020
Annual report by superintendent of public instruction.
The superintendent of public instruction shall review annually the transitional bilingual instruction program and shall submit a report of such review to the legislature on or before February 1st of each year.
[
2017 c 123 s 1
;
1984 c 124 s 8
. Formerly RCW 28A.58.801
.]
RCW 28A.180.030
Definitions.
The definitions in this section apply throughout this chapter unless the context clearly requires otherwise.
(1) "Eligible pupil" means any enrollee of the school district whose primary language is other than English and whose English language skills are sufficiently deficient or absent to impair learning.
(2) "Exited pupil" means a student previously enrolled in the transitional bilingual instruction program who is no longer eligible for the program based on his or her performance on an English proficiency assessment approved by the superintendent of public instruction.
(3) "Primary language" means the language most often used by the student for communication in his/her home.
(4) "Transitional bilingual instruction" means:
(a) A system of instruction which uses two languages, one of which is English, as a means of instruction to build upon and expand language skills to enable the pupil to achieve competency in English. Dual language education and tribal language education as defined in RCW 28A.300.577
are the preferred transitional bilingual instruction program models; or
(b) In those cases in which instruction in two languages is not practicable as established by the superintendent of public instruction and unless otherwise prohibited by law, an alternative system of instruction which may include English as a second language and is designed to enable the pupil to achieve competency in English.
[
2024 c 202 s 6
. Prior:
2013 2nd sp.s. c 9 s 3
;
2001 1st sp.s. c 6 s 3
;
1990 c 33 s 164
;
1984 c 124 s 2
;
1979 c 95 s 2
. Formerly RCW 28A.58.802
.]
NOTES:
Findings
—
Intent
—
2024 c 202:
See note following RCW 28A.300.577
.
Intent
—
Effective dates
—
2013 2nd sp.s. c 9:
See notes following RCW 28A.150.220
.
Severability
—
1979 c 95:
See note following RCW 28A.180.010
.
RCW 28A.180.040
School board duties.
(1) Every school district board of directors shall:
(a) Make available to each eligible pupil transitional bilingual instruction to achieve competency in English, in accord with rules of the superintendent of public instruction;
(b) Wherever feasible, ensure that communications to parents emanating from the schools shall be appropriately bilingual for those parents of pupils in the bilingual instruction program;
(c) Determine, by administration of an English test approved by the superintendent of public instruction the number of eligible pupils enrolled in the school district at the beginning of a school year and thereafter during the year as necessary in individual cases;
(d) Ensure that a student who is a child of a military family in transition and who has been assessed as in need of, or enrolled in, a bilingual instruction program, the receiving school shall initially honor placement of the student into a like program.
(i) The receiving school shall determine whether the district's program is a like program when compared to the sending school's program; and
(ii) The receiving school may conduct subsequent assessments pursuant to RCW 28A.180.090
to determine appropriate placement and continued enrollment in the program;
(e) Before the conclusion of each school year, measure each eligible pupil's improvement in learning the English language by means of a test approved by the superintendent of public instruction;
(f) Provide in-service training for teachers, counselors, and other staff, who are involved in the district's transitional bilingual program. Such training shall include appropriate instructional strategies for children of culturally different backgrounds, use of curriculum materials, and program models; and
(g) Make available a program of instructional support for up to two years immediately after pupils exit from the program, for exited pupils who need assistance in reaching grade-level performance in academic subjects even though they have achieved English proficiency for purposes of the transitional bilingual instructional program.
(2) Beginning in the 2019-20 school year, all classroom teachers assigned using funds for the transitional bilingual instruction program to provide supplemental instruction for eligible pupils must hold an endorsement in bilingual education or English language learner, or both.
(3) The definitions in Article II of RCW 28A.705.010
apply to subsection (1)(d) of this section.
[
2016 c 72 s 301
;
2013 2nd sp.s. c 9 s 4
;
2009 c 380 s 5
;
2001 1st sp.s. c 6 s 4
;
1984 c 124 s 3
;
1979 c 95 s 3
. Formerly RCW 28A.58.804
.]
NOTES:
Finding
—
Intent
—
2016 c 72:
See note following RCW 28A.600.015
.
Intent
—
Effective dates
—
2013 2nd sp.s. c 9:
See notes following RCW 28A.150.220
.
Effective date
—
1979 c 95 s 3:
"Section 3 of this act shall take effect September 1, 1980." [
1979 c 95 s 7
.]
Severability
—
1979 c 95:
See note following RCW 28A.180.010
.
RCW 28A.180.060
Guidelines and rules.
The superintendent of public instruction shall:
(1) Promulgate and issue program development guidelines to assist school districts in preparing their programs;
(2) Promulgate rules for implementation of RCW 28A.180.010
through
28A.180.080
in accordance with chapter
34.05
RCW. The rules shall be designed to maximize the role of school districts in selecting programs appropriate to meet the needs of eligible students. The rules shall identify the process and criteria to be used to determine when a student is no longer eligible for transitional bilingual instruction pursuant to RCW 28A.180.010
through
28A.180.080
.
[
1990 c 33 s 165
;
1984 c 124 s 5
;
1979 c 95 s 5
. Formerly RCW 28A.58.808
.]
NOTES:
Severability
—
1979 c 95:
See note following RCW 28A.180.010
.
RCW 28A.180.090
Evaluation system
—
Technical assistance and support.
The superintendent of public instruction shall develop an evaluation system designed to measure increases in the English and academic proficiency of eligible pupils. When developing the system, the superintendent shall:
(1) Require school districts to assess potentially eligible pupils within ten days of registration using an English proficiency assessment or assessments as specified by the superintendent of public instruction. Results of these assessments shall be made available to both the superintendent of public instruction and the school district;
(2) Require school districts to annually assess all eligible pupils at the end of the school year using an English proficiency assessment or assessments as specified by the superintendent of public instruction. Results of these assessments shall be made available to both the superintendent of public instruction and the school district;
(3) Develop a system to evaluate increases in the English and academic proficiency of students who are, or were, eligible pupils. This evaluation shall include students when they are in the program and after they exit the program until they finish their K-12 career or transfer from the school district. The purpose of the evaluation system is to inform schools, school districts, parents, and the state of the effectiveness of the transitional bilingual programs in school and school districts in teaching these students English and other content areas, such as mathematics and writing; and
(4) Subject to funds appropriated specifically for this purpose, provide school districts with technical assistance and support in selecting research-based program models, instructional materials, and professional development for program staff, including disseminating information about best practices and innovative programs. The information must include research about the differences between conversational language proficiency, academic language proficiency, and subject-specific language proficiency and the implications this research has on instructional practices and evaluation of program effectiveness.
[
2016 c 72 s 401
;
2001 1st sp.s. c 6 s 2
.]
NOTES:
Finding
—
Intent
—
2016 c 72:
See note following RCW 28A.600.015
.
RCW 28A.180.100
Continuing education plan for older students.
The office of the superintendent of public instruction and the state board for community and technical colleges shall jointly develop a program plan to provide a continuing education option for students who are eligible for the state transitional bilingual instruction program and who need more time to develop language proficiency but who are more age-appropriately suited for a postsecondary learning environment than for a high school. By December 1, 2004, the agencies shall report to the legislative education and fiscal committees with any recommendations for legislative action and any resources necessary to implement the plan.
[
2019 c 252 s 107
;
2004 c 19 s 105
.]
NOTES:
Intent
—
2019 c 252:
See note following RCW 28A.230.710
.
Part headings and captions not law
—
Effective date
—
2004 c 19:
See notes following RCW 28A.230.090
.
RCW 28A.180.110
Condensed compliance reports
—
Second-class districts.
Any compliance reporting requirements as a result of laws in this chapter that apply to second-class districts may be submitted in accordance with RCW 28A.330.250
.
[
2011 c 45 s 9
.]
NOTES:
Conflict with federal requirements
—
2011 c 45:
See note following RCW 28A.330.250
.
RCW 28A.180.120
Bilingual educator initiative
—
Pilot projects
—
Pipeline to college
—
Conditional loans
—
Report
—
Rules.
(1) The Washington professional educator standards board, beginning in the 2017-2019 biennium, shall administer the bilingual educator initiative, which is a long-term program to recruit, prepare, and mentor bilingual high school students to become future bilingual teachers and counselors.
(2) Subject to the availability of amounts appropriated for this specific purpose, pilot projects must be implemented in one or two school districts east of the crest of the Cascade mountains and one or two school districts west of the crest of the Cascade mountains, where immigrant students are shown to be rapidly increasing. Districts selected by the Washington professional educator standards board must partner with at least one two-year and one four-year college in planning and implementing the program. The Washington professional educator standards board shall provide oversight.
(3) Participating school districts must implement programs, including: (a) An outreach plan that exposes the program to middle school students and recruits them to enroll in the program when they begin their ninth grade of high school; (b) activities in ninth and tenth grades that help build student agency, such as self-confidence and awareness, while helping students to develop academic mind-sets needed for high school and college success; the value and benefits of teaching and counseling as careers; and introduction to leadership, civic engagement, and community service; (c) credit-bearing curricula in grades eleven and twelve that include mentoring, shadowing, best practices in teaching in a multicultural world, efficacy and practice of dual language instruction, social and emotional learning, enhanced leadership, civic engagement, and community service activities.
(4) There must be a pipeline to college using two-year and four-year college faculty and consisting of continuation services for program participants, such as advising, tutoring, mentoring, financial assistance, and leadership.
(5) High school and college teachers and counselors must be recruited and compensated to serve as mentors and trainers for participating students.
(6) After obtaining a high school diploma, students qualify to receive conditional loans to cover the full cost of college tuition, fees, and books. To qualify for funds, students must meet program requirements as developed by their local implementation team, which consists of staff from their school district and the partnering two-year and four-year college faculty.
(7) In order to avoid loan repayment, students must (a) earn their baccalaureate degree and certification needed to serve as a teacher or professional guidance counselor; and (b) teach or serve as a counselor in their educational service district region for at least five years. Students who do not meet the repayment terms in this subsection are subject to repaying all or part of the financial aid they receive for college unless students are recipients of funding provided through programs such as the Washington college grant program or the college bound scholarship program.
(8) Grantees must work with the Washington professional educator standards board to draft the report required in section 6, chapter 236, Laws of 2017.
(9) The Washington professional educator standards board must use the findings from the evaluation conducted under RCW 28A.415.370
to revise the bilingual educator initiative as necessary.
(10) The Washington professional educator standards board may adopt rules to implement this section.
[
2019 c 406 s 36
;
2019 c 295 s 105
;
2017 c 236 s 4
.]
NOTES:
Reviser's note:
This section was amended by 2019 c 295 s 105 and by 2019 c 406 s 36, each without reference to the other. Both amendments are incorporated in the publication of this section under RCW 1.12.025
(2). For rule of construction, see RCW 1.12.025
(1).
Findings
—
Intent
—
2019 c 406:
See note following RCW 43.79.195
.
Findings
—
Short title
—
2019 c 406:
See notes following RCW 28B.92.200
.
Findings
—
2019 c 406:
See note following RCW 28B.94.020
.
Findings
—
Intent
—
2019 c 406:
See note following RCW 28C.30.050
.
Findings
—
Intent
—
2019 c 406:
See note following RCW 43.216.135
.
Effective date
—
Findings
—
Intent
—
2019 c 295:
See notes following RCW 28A.310.235
.
Findings
—
Intent
—
2019 c 295:
See notes following RCW 28B.10.033
.
Intent
—
2019 c 295:
See note following RCW 28B.102.030
.
Findings
—
Intent
—
2019 c 295:
See note following RCW 28A.415.265
.
Findings
—
Intent
—
2019 c 295:
"(1) The legislature finds that additional time and resources are necessary to establish a comprehensive and coordinated long-term vision that addresses Washington's demands for an excellent, effective educator workforce. The legislature recognizes that such an undertaking requires focused efforts to develop meaningful policy options to expand the current and future workforce supply.
(2) Therefore, the legislature intends to establish a professional educator collaborative, including a variety of stakeholders, to make recommendations on how to improve and strengthen state policies, programs, and pathways that lead to highly effective educators at each level of the public common school system." [
2019 c 295 s 401
.]
Findings
—
Intent
—
2017 c 236:
"(1) The legislature finds that it should review and revise the K-12 educational program taking into consideration the needs of students as they evolve. In Washington state, immigrant students whose first language is not English represent a significant part of evolving and more diverse school demographics. The legislature finds that Washington's educator workforce in school districts has not evolved in a manner consistent with changing student demographics. Thus, more and more schools are without the capacity to meet the needs of English learners and without the capacity to communicate effectively with parents whose first language is not English.
(2) The legislature finds that:
(a) Between 1986 and 2016, the number of students served in the state's transitional bilingual instruction program increased from fifteen thousand twenty-four to one hundred eighteen thousand five hundred twenty-six, an increase of six hundred eighty-nine percent, and that two-thirds of the students were native Spanish speakers; the next ten most common languages were Russian, Vietnamese, Somali, Chinese, Arabic, Ukrainian, Tagalog, Korean, Marshallese, and Punjabi;
(b) In the 2015-16 school year, forty-six percent of instructors in the state's transitional bilingual instruction program were instructional aides, or paraeducators, not certificated teachers; and
(c) Eleven percent of students in the transitional bilingual instruction program received instruction in their native language in the 2015-16 school year, and research shows that non-English-speaking students develop academic proficiency in English more quickly when they are provided instruction in their native language initially.
(3) The legislature showed its commitment to equity in education by passing legislation creating a seal of biliteracy, requiring world language for high school graduation, easing the transitions of English learners, encouraging training for staff in cultural competence, monitoring the racial and ethnic data of teachers, and funding the creation of K-12 dual language programs.
(4) However, the legislature finds it is necessary to better serve non-English-speaking students by addressing and closing the significant language and instructional gaps that hinder English learners from meeting the state's rigorous educational standards.
(5) Thus, the legislature intends to establish a comprehensive approach to support English learners by creating grant programs to: (a) Expand dual language programs for elementary and secondary students; and (b) recruit bilingual individuals to become educators who are able to provide instruction in, and support for, dual language programs." [
2017 c 236 s 1
.]