Title: Before the closet : same-sex love from Beowulf to Angels in America /
Authors: Frantzen, Allen J., 1947-
Publisher: University of Chicago Press,
Year: 1998
Subjects: Kushner, Tony.; Beowulf; English literature History and criticism; Homosexuality and literature England History.; Anglo-Saxons in literature; Lesbians in literature; Gay men in literature; Love in literature; Homosexuality history; Literature English.
Abstract: Since the publication of John Boswell's Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality, historians have accepted the view that the early Middle Ages tolerated and even fostered same-sex relations and that intolerance of homosexuality developed only late in the medieval period. In this extraordinary study, Allen J. Frantzen challenges this long-held belief, showing that the early medieval Church did not tolerate same-sex acts, and, furthermore, that men and women during this time who preferred homosexual relations pursued their desires in spite of official sanctions. The early medieval period was, Frantzen argues, an age before people recognized the existence - or the possibility - of the "closet."