Title: Black song : the forge and the flame; the story of how the Afro-American spiritual was hammered out.
Authors: Lovell, John, 1907-1974.
Publisher: Macmillan
Year: 1972
Subjects: Spirituals (Songs) History and criticism; African Americans Music History and criticism; Folk music United States History and criticism; Folk songs, English United States History and criticism
Contents: I. The forge : Is there an Afro-American spiritual? -- What is song? -- What is folklore? : Folk music: definitions ; Applications of definitions to the so-called negro spiritual : As to religion ; As to music -- What are the number and range of the spirituals? -- How does imitation work in folk song and literature? -- How much of Africa? : Basic topics and procedure ; The African folk ; Music in the African tradition : Motive in African music ; Methods of musical expression ; Chief characteristics of African song ; Impact of African expression in music ; Use of mask and symbol in African music ; Other forms of African expression related to music ; Present cultivation of traditional arts in Africa ; African folk and African musical aptitude. African musical transfers to South America and the West Indies ; African musical transfers to the United States of America -- What part had religion in the spiritual tradition? -- How much of white America -- What about the camp meeting and black song? -- What about the blend of African and American elements? -- What are the chief arguments for white-to-Negro spirituals? -- Where is the preponderance of the evidence? -- The answer to the first big question is "yes" : Freedom as a passion in the Afro-American spiritual ; The slave sang of this earth