chhatramani/nepal_legal_text_corpus_v1 huggingface dataset:
नेपालको संविधान, २०७२

बाट क ख को समानान्तर पारेर रेखा दायाँतिर खिची ग छु लाई ट मा छुने । धारा ३०८, उपधारा (८): ज ट र ज झ रेखा काटिएको ठाउँमा ठ चिनो राख्ने । धारा ३०८, उपधारा (९): ज र छु जोड्ने । धारा ३०८, उपधारा (१०): ज छु र ज झ काटिएको बिन्दुमा ड चिनो लाउने । धारा ३०८, उपधारा (११): ड लाई केन्द्र मानी ख घ रेखालाई न्यूनतम अन्तर पर्ने गरी स्पर्श गर्दा हुने जति दूरी पर्ने गरी ज झ रेखाको तल्लो भागमा ढ चिनो लगाउने । धारा ३०८, उपधारा (१२): ड मा छोई क ख को समानान्तर रेखा बायाँबाट दायाँतिर खिच्ने र यसले क ग लाई छोएको बिन्दुको नाम ग राख्ने । धारा ३०८, उपधारा (१३): ठ केन्द्र लिएर ठ ढ व्यासाद्वधले तल्लो भागमा वृत्त खण्ड खिच्ने र ग ड बाट गएको रेखालाई यसले छोएको दुवै ठाउँमा क्रमशः त र थ नाम राख्ने । धारा ३०८, उपधारा (१४): ड लाई केन्द्र मानी ड थ व्यासाद्वधले तल्लो भागमा अर्ध वृत्ताकार त थ लाई छुने गरी खिच्ने । धारा ३०८, उपधारा (१५): ढ केन्द्र मानी ढ ड को व्यासाद्वधले त ढ थ वृत्त खण्डको दुवैतर्फ छुने गरी वृत्त खण्ड खिच्ने र यसले त ढ थ लाई छोएको बिन्दुहरूको नाम क्रमशः द र ध राख्ने । द ध लाई जोड्ने । द ढ र ज झ काटिएको बिन्दुको नाम न राख्ने । धारा ३०८, उपधारा (१६): न लाई केन्द्र मानेर व्यासाद्वध न ध ले त ढ थ को माथिल्लो भागमा दुवै ठाउँमा छुने गरी अर्ध वृत्ताकार खिच्ने । धारा ३०८, उपधारा (१७): न लाई केन्द्र मानेर व्यासाद्वध न ड ले त ढ थ को माथिल्लो भागमा दुवै ठाउँमा छुने गरी वृत्त खण्ड खिच्ने । धारा ३०८, उपधारा (१८): यस अनुसूचीको नं. नेपालको संविधान, २०७२
नेपालको संविधान, २०७२

(१६) को अर्ध वृत्ताकार भित्र र नं. (१६) को अर्ध वृत्ताकार भित्र र नं. (१७) को वृत्त खण्ड बाहिर चन्द्रमाको आठवटा बराबरका कोण बनाउने । धारा ३०८, उपधारा (१८), खण्ड (ग): सूर्य बनाउने तरीका धारा ३०८, उपधारा (१९): क च को आधा प बाट क ख को समानान्तर पारेर ख ड मा छुने गरी प फ रेखा खिच्ने । धारा ३०८, उपधारा (२०): ज झ र प फ काटिएको बिन्दु ब केन्द्र मानेर ड ढ को व्यासाद्वधले वृत्ताकार पूरा खिच्ने । धारा ३०८, उपधारा (२१): ब लाई केन्द्र मानेर ठ ढ व्यासाद्वधले वृत्ताकार पूरा खिच्ने । धारा ३०८, उपधारा (२२): यो अनुसूचीको नं. (२०) को वृत्ताकार बाहिर र यो अनुसूचीको नं. (२१) को वृत्ताकारभित्र परेको गोल घेराको बीच भागमा सूर्यको बाह्यटा बराबरका कोणहरू दुई चुच्चाहरूले ज झ रेखामा छुने गरी बनाउने । धारा ३०८, उपधारा (२२), खण्ड (घ): किनारा बनाउने तरीका धारा ३०८, उपधारा (२३): न ढ को चौडाइ जति गाढा नीलो रङ्गको किनारा झण्डाको आकारको बाहिरी सबैतिरको सीमामा थप्ने, तर झण्डाको पाँच कोणहरूमा चाहि बाहिरी कोणहरू पनि भित्रै सरहका बनाउने । धारा ३०८, उपधारा (२४): झण्डा डोरी लगाई प्रयोग गरेमा माथि बताइएकै पट्टी राख्ने । झण्डा लट्टीमा घुसार्ने हो भने क ग पट्टि आवश्यक परे जति किनारा चौड्याउने । डोरी वा लट्टीको प्रयोगमा क ग को पट्टीमा प्वाल राख्ने । नेपालको संविधान, २०७२
Constitution of Nepal 2072

Part-1 Preliminary 1. Constitution as the fundamental law: (1) This Constitution is the fundamental law of Nepal. Any law inconsistent with this Constitution shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, be void. (2) It shall be the duty of every person to observe this Constitution. 2. Sovereignty and state authority: The sovereignty and state authority of Nepal shall be vested in the Nepalese people. It shall be exercised in accordance with the provisions set forth in this Constitution. 3. Nation: All the Nepalese people, with multiethnic, multilingual, multi-religious, multicultural characteristics and in geographical diversities, and having common aspirations and being united by a bond of allegiance to national independence, territorial integrity, national interest and prosperity of Nepal, collectively constitute the nation. 4. State of Nepal: (1) Nepal is an independent, indivisible, sovereign, secular, inclusive, democratic, socialism-oriented, federal democratic republican state. Explanation: For the purposes of this Article, "secular" means religious, cultural freedoms, including protection of religion, culture handed down from the time immemorial. (2) The territory of Nepal shall comprise: (a) the territory existing at the time of commencement of this Constitution, and (b) such other territory as may be acquired after the commencement of this Constitution. 5. National interest: (1) Safeguarding of the freedom, sovereignty, territorial integrity, nationality, independence and dignity of Nepal, the rights of the Nepalese people, border security, economic wellbeing and prosperity shall be the basic elements of the national interest of Nepal. (2) Any conduct and act contrary to the national interest shall be punishable by the Federal law. 6. Languages of the nation: All languages spoken as the mother tongues in Nepal are the languages of the nation. 7. Official language: (1) The Nepali language in the _Devnagari_ script shall be the official language of Nepal. (2) A State may, by a State law, determine one or more than one languages of the nation spoken by a majority of people within the State as its official language(s), in addition to the Nepali language. (3) Other matters relating to language shall be as decided by the Government of Nepal, on recommendation of the Language Commission. 8. National flag: (1) The national flag of Nepal consists of two juxtaposed triangular figures with a crimson-coloured base and deep blue borders, there being a white emblem of the crescent moon with eight rays visible out of sixteen in the upper part and a white emblem of a twelve rayed sun in the lower part. (2) The method of drawing out the flag and other particulars relating thereto shall be as set forth in Schedule-1. 9. National anthem etc: (1) The national anthem of Nepal shall be as set forth in Schedule-2. (2) The coat-of-arms of Nepal shall be as set forth in Schedule-3. (3) The Rhododendron Arboreum shall be the national flower, Crimson Colour shall be the national colour, the Cow shall be the national animal and the Lophophorus shall be the national bird of Nepal. Part-2 Citizenship 10. Constitution of Nepal 2072
Constitution of Nepal 2072

Not to deprive of citizenship: (1) No citizen of Nepal may be deprived of the right to obtain citizenship. (2) There is a provision of single federal citizenship with State identity in Nepal. 11. To be citizens of Nepal: (1) The persons who have obtained the citizenship of Nepal at the time of commencement of this Constitution and who are qualified to obtain citizenship in accordance with this Part shall be the citizens of Nepal. (2) The following person who has his or her permanent domicile in Nepal at the time of commencement of this Constitution shall be the citizen of Nepal by descent: (a) a person who has obtained the citizenship of Nepal by descent prior to the commencement of this Constitution, (b) a person whose father or mother was a citizen of Nepal at his or her birth. (3) A child of a citizen having obtained the citizenship of Nepal by birth prior to the commencement of Nepal shall, upon attaining majority, acquire the citizenship of Nepal by descent if the child's father and mother both are citizens of Nepal. (4) Every minor who is found within Nepal and the whereabouts of whose father and mother are not known shall, until the father or the mother of the child is traced, be a citizen of Nepal by descent. (5) A person who is born in Nepal from a woman who is a citizen of Nepal and has resided in Nepal and whose father is not traced shall be provided with the citizenship of Nepal by descent. Provided that his or her father is held to be a foreign citizen, the citizenship of such person shall be converted into naturalized citizenship as provided for in the Federal law. (6) A foreign woman who has a matrimonial relationship with a citizen of Nepal may, if she so wishes, acquire the naturalized citizenship of Nepal as provided for in the Federal law. (7) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Article, in the case of a person born from a woman who is a citizen of Nepal and married to a foreign citizen, the person may acquire the naturalized citizenship of Nepal in accordance with the Federal law if he or she has permanently resided in Nepal and has not acquired the citizenship of a foreign country. Provided that if such person's mother and father both are citizens of Nepal at the time of acquisition of citizenship, such person born in Nepal may acquire the citizenship of Nepal by descent. (8) In the cases other than those mentioned in this Article, the Government of Nepal may, in accordance with the Federal law, grant the naturalized citizenship of Nepal. (9) The Government of Nepal may, in accordance with the Federal law, grant the honorary citizenship of Nepal. (10) Whenever any territory is acquired by way of merger into Nepal, a person having his or her domicile in such territory shall become a citizen of Nepal, subject to the Federal law. 12. Constitution of Nepal 2072
Constitution of Nepal 2072

Citizenship with identity of descent and gender : A person who obtains the citizenship of Nepal by descent in accordance with this Constitution may obtain a certificate of citizenship of Nepal with gender identity by the name of his or her mother or father. 13. Acquisition, reacquisition and termination of citizenship: Other matters relating to the acquisition, reacquisition and termination of citizenship shall be as provided for in the Federal law. 14. Power to grant non-resident Nepalese citizenship : The non-residential citizenship of Nepal may be so granted to a person who has acquired the citizenship of a foreign country, has resided in a country other than a member state of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, and who or whose father or mother, grandfather or grandmother was previously a citizen of Nepal by decent or birth but subsequently acquired the citizenship of the foreign country that such person may enjoy economic, social and cultural rights in accordance with the Federal law. 15. Other provisions relating to citizenship of Nepal: Other matters relating to the maintenance of records setting out the identity of every citizen of Nepal and the citizenship of Nepal shall be as provided for in the Federal law. Part-3 Fundamental Rights and Duties 16. Right to live with dignity : (1) Every person shall have the right to live with dignity. (2) No law shall be made providing for the death penalty to any one. 17. Right to freedom: (1) No person shall be deprived of his or her personal liberty except in accordance with law. (2) Every citizen shall have the following freedoms: (a) freedom of opinion and expression, (b) freedom to assemble peaceably and without arms, (c) freedom to form political parties, (d) freedom to form unions and associations, (e) freedom to move and reside in any part of Nepal, (f) freedom to practice any profession, carry on any occupation, and establish and operate any industry, trade and business in any part of Nepal. Provided that: (1) Nothing in sub-clause (a) shall be deemed to prevent the making of an Act to impose reasonable restrictions on any act which may undermine the sovereignty, territorial integrity, nationality and independence of Nepal or the harmonious relations between the Federal Units or the people of various castes, tribes, religions or communities or incite caste-based discrimination or untouchability or on any act of disrespect of labour, defamation, contempt of court, incitement to an offence or on any act which may be contrary to public decency or morality. (2) Nothing in sub-clause (b) shall be deemed to prevent the making of an Act to impose reasonable restrictions on any act which may undermine the sovereignty, territorial integrity, nationality and independence of Nepal or the harmonious relations between the Federal Units or public peace and order. Constitution of Nepal 2072
Constitution of Nepal 2072

(3) Nothing in sub-clause (c) shall be deemed to prevent the making of an Act to impose reasonable restrictions on any act which may undermine the sovereignty, territorial integrity, nationality and independence of Nepal, constitute an espionage against the nation or divulge national secrecy or on any act of rendering assistance to any foreign state, organization or representative in a manner to undermine the security of Nepal or on an act of sedition or on any act which may undermine the harmonious relations between the Federal Units or on any act of incitement to caste-based or communal hatred or on any act which may undermine the harmonious relations between various castes, tribes, religions and communities, or on any act of acquisition of, or restriction on, membership of any political party on the basis solely of tribe, language, religion, community or sex or on any act of formation of a political party with discrimination between citizens or on incitement to violent acts or on any act which may be contrary to public morality. (4) Nothing in sub-clause (d) shall be deemed to prevent the making of an Act to impose reasonable restrictions on any act which may undermine the sovereignty, territorial integrity, nationality and independence of Nepal, or on any act which may constitute espionage against the nation or on any act of divulgence of national secrecy or on any act assisting any foreign state, organization or representative in a manner to undermine the security of Nepal or on an act of sedition or on any act which may undermine the harmonious relations between the Federal Units or on any act of incitement to caste-based or communal hatred or on any act which may undermine the harmonious relations between various castes, tribes, religions and communities or on incitement to violent acts or on any act which may be contrary to public morality. (5) Nothing in sub-clause (e) shall be deemed to prevent the making of an Act to impose reasonable restrictions on any act which may undermine the interest of the general public or which may undermine the harmonious relations between the Federal Units or the harmonious relations between the peoples of various castes, tribes, religions or communities or which may constitute or incite violent acts. (6) Nothing in sub-clause (f) shall be deemed to prevent the making of an Act to prevent any act which may undermine the harmonious relations between the Federal Units or any act which may be contrary to public health, decency or morality of the general public or to confer on the State the exclusive right to undertake any specific industry, trade or service, or to prescribe any condition or qualification for carrying on any industry, trade, occupation, employment or business. 18. Right to equality: (1) All citizens shall be equal before law. No person shall be denied the equal protection of law. Constitution of Nepal 2072
Constitution of Nepal 2072

(2) Any person who is arrested shall have the right to consult a legal practitioner of his or her choice from the time of such arrest and to be defended by such legal practitioner. Any consultation made by such person with, and advice given by, his or her legal practitioner shall be confidential. Provided this clause shall not apply to a citizen of an enemy state. Explanation: For the purpose of this clause, "legal practitioner" means any person who is authorized by law to represent any person in any court. (3) Any person who is arrested shall be produced before the adjudicating authority within a period of twenty-four hours of such arrest, excluding the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to such authority; and any such person shall not be detained in custody except on the order of such authority. Provided that this clause shall not apply to a person held in preventive detention and to a citizen of an enemy state. (4) No person shall be liable for punishment for an act which was not punishable by the law in force when the act was committed nor shall any person be subjected to a punishment greater than that prescribed by the law in force at the time of the commission of the offence. (5) Every person charged with an offence shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty of the offence. (6) No person shall be tried and punished for the same offence in a court more than once. (7) No person charged with an offence shall be compelled to testify against himself or herself. (8) Every person shall have the right to be informed of any proceedings taken against him or her. (9) Every person shall have the right to a fair trial by an independent, impartial and competent court or judicial body. (10) Any indigent party shall have the right to free legal aid in accordance with law. 21. Right of victim of crime: (1) A victim of crime shall have the right to get information about the investigation and proceedings of a case in which he or she is the victim. (2) A victim of crime shall have the right to justice including social rehabilitation and compensation in accordance with law. 22. Right against torture: (1) No person who is arrested or detained shall be subjected to physical or mental torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. (2) Any act mentioned in clause (1) shall be punishable by law, and any person who is the victim of such treatment shall have the right to obtain compensation in accordance with law. 23. Right against preventive detention: (1) No person shall be held under preventive detention unless there is a sufficient ground of the existence of an immediate threat to the sovereignty, territorial integrity or public peace and order of Nepal. Constitution of Nepal 2072
Constitution of Nepal 2072

(2) Information about the situation of a person who is held under preventive detention pursuant to clause (1) must be given immediately to his or her family members or relatives. Provided that this clause shall not apply to a citizen of an enemy state. (3) If the authority making preventive detention holds any person under preventive detention contrary to law or in bad faith, the person held under preventive detention shall have the right to obtain compensation in accordance with law. 24. Right against untouchability and discrimination: (1) No person shall be subjected to any form of untouchability or discrimination in any private and public places on grounds of his or her origin, caste, tribe, community, profession, occupation or physical condition. (2) In producing or distributing any goods, services or facilities, no person belonging to any particular caste or tribe shall be prevented from purchasing or acquiring such goods, services or facilities nor shall such goods, services or facilities be sold, distributed or provided only to the persons belonging to any particular caste or tribe. (3) No act purporting to demonstrate any person or community as superior or inferior on grounds of origin, caste, tribe or physical condition or justifying social discrimination on grounds of caste, tribe or untouchability or propagating ideology based on untouchability and caste based superiority or hatred or encouraging caste-based discrimination in any manner whatsoever shall be allowed. (4) No discrimination in any form shall be allowed at a workplace with or without making untouchability on the ground of caste. (5) Any act of untouchability and discrimination in any form committed in contravention of this Article shall be punishable by law as a severe social offence, and the victim of such act shall have the right to obtain compensation in accordance with law. 25. Right relating to property: (1) Every citizen shall, subject to law, have the right to acquire, own, sell, dispose, acquire business profits from, and otherwise deal with, property. Provided that the State may levy tax on property of a person, and tax on income of a person in accordance with the concept of progressive taxation. Explanation: For the purposes of this Article, "property" means any form of property including movable and immovable property, and includes an intellectual property right. (2) The State shall not, except for public interest, requisition, acquire, or otherwise create any encumbrance on, property of a person. Provided that this clause shall not apply to any property acquired by any person illicitly. (3) The basis of compensation to be provided and procedures to be followed in the requisition by the State of property of any person for public interest in accordance with clause (3) shall be as provided for in the Act. Constitution of Nepal 2072
Constitution of Nepal 2072

(4) The provisions of clauses (2) and (3) shall not prevent the State from making land reforms, management and regulation in accordance with law for the purposes of enhancement of product and productivity of lands, modernization and commercialization of agriculture, environment protection and planned housing and urban development. (5) Nothing shall prevent the State from using the property of any person, which it has requisitioned for public interest in accordance with clause (3), for any other public interest instead of such public interest. 26. Right to freedom of religion: (1) Every person who has faith in religion shall have the freedom to profess, practice and protect his or her religion according to his or her conviction . (2) Every religious denomination shall have the right to operate and protect its religious sites and religious _Guthi_ (trusts). Provided that nothing shall be deemed to prevent the regulation, by making law, of the operation and protection of religious sites and religious trusts and management of trust properties and lands. (3) No person shall, in the exercise of the right conferred by this Article, do, or cause to be done, any act which may be contrary to public health, decency and morality or breach public peace, or convert another person from one religion to another or any act or conduct that may jeopardize other's religion. 27. Right to information: Every citizen shall have the right to demand and receive information on any matter of his or her interest or of public interest. Provided that no one shall be compelled to provide information on any matter of which confidentiality must be maintained in accordance with law. 28. Right to privacy : The privacy of any person, his or her residence, property, document, data, correspondence and matters relating to his or her character shall, except in accordance with law, be inviolable. 29. Right against exploitation: (1) Every person shall have the right against exploitation. (2) No person shall be exploited in any manner on the grounds of religion, custom, tradition, usage, practice or on any other grounds. (3) No one shall be subjected to trafficking nor shall one be held in slavery or servitude. (4) No one shall be forced to work against his or her will. Provided that nothing shall be deemed to prevent the making of law empowering the State to require citizens to perform compulsory service for public purposes. (5) Act contrary to clauses (3) and (4) shall be punishable by law and the victim shall have the right to obtain compensation from the perpetrator in accordance with law. 30. Right to clean environment: (1) Every citizen shall have the right to live in a clean and healthy environment. (2) The victim shall have the right to obtain compensation, in accordance with law, for any injury caused from environmental pollution or degradation. (3) This Article shall not be deemed to prevent the making of necessary legal provisions for a proper balance between the environment and development, in development works of the nation. Constitution of Nepal 2072