chhatramani/nepal_legal_text_corpus_v1 huggingface dataset:
National Civil Code 2074

Section 597: Termination of agency Section 597, Sub-section (1): Except as otherwise provided for in the contract, the agency shall be deemed to be terminated ipso facto, in any of the following circumstances: Section 597, Sub-section (1), Clause (a): If the agent voluntarily renounces the agency and gives a notice thereof to the principal, Section 597, Sub-section (1), Clause (b): If the principal revokes the authority given to the agency or the contract of agency or gives a notice to the agent on the impossibility of performance of the contract, Section 597, Sub-section (1), Clause (c): If the agent is appointed for any specific business and that business is completed, Section 597, Sub-section (1), Clause (d): If the agent is appointed for a specific period and that period expires, Section 597, Sub-section (1), Clause (e): If the principal or the agent dies or becomes of unsound mind, Section 597, Sub-section (1), Clause (f): If the principal is declared to be insolvent, Section 597, Sub-section (1), Clause (g): If the matter for which the agent is appointed no longer exists, Section 597, Sub-section (1), Clause (h): If an agent is appointed by a body corporate and such a body is liquidated or dissolved. Section 597, Sub-section (2): The principal may revoke any or whole of the authority given to the agent at any time before the agent exercises the authority, and if the authority is so revoked, the principal shall immediately give a notice thereof to the agent. Provided that if the agent has already exercised some of such authority, the authority shall not be deemed to have been revoked in relation to the act already done in exercise of the authority Section 597, Sub-section (3): Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Section, if the agent also has a share in the property connected with the main business of the agency, the agent may not be removed in such manner as to be prejudicial to such share. Section 598: Agent may not be removed Section 598, Sub-section (1): Except as otherwise provided in the contract, if an agent is appointed for any specific period or act, the principal shall not remove the agent before the expiry of that period or before the completion of that act, except for a reasonable and sufficient reason. Section 598, Sub-section (2): An agent who is appointed without specifying any certain period or act shall not be removed without giving a prior notice along with an appropriate reason. Section 598, Sub-section (3): If the principal removes the agent in contravention of sub-section (1) or (2), the principal shall pay a reasonable compensation to the agent. Section 599: Renunciation of agency by agent not allowed Section 599, Sub-section (1):  Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Chapter, except as otherwise provided for in the contract, an agent appointed for a specific period or act shall not renounce the agency before the expiry of, or completion of, such period or act, except for a reasonable and sufficient reason. National Civil Code 2074
National Civil Code 2074

Section 599, Sub-section (2): Any agent appointed without specifying any period or act under sub-section (1) shall not renounce the agency without giving a prior notice along with the reason for such renunciation to the principal. Section 599, Sub-section (3): If any agent renounces the agency in contravention of sub-section (1) or (2), the principal may claim a reasonable compensation. Section 600: Removal of sub-agent together with agent Section 600: If an agent ceases to exist under this Part, the sub-agent appointed by him or her shall also be deemed to have, ipso facto, been removed. Section 601: Statute of limitation Section 601: A person who is aggrieved form any act done or action taken under this Chapter may make a lawsuit within two years after the date of accrual of the cause of action. Section 602: Contract for carriage of goods deemed to be made Section 602, Sub-section (1): If a contract is concluded for the carriage of any goods from one place to another, a contract for the carriage of goods shall be deemed to have been concluded. Section 602, Sub-section (2): Except as otherwise provided for in the contract, a receipt or bill to be issued by the carrier to the owner of goods at the time of handing over the goods for carriage shall be recognized as an evidence of the contract concluded between the carrier and the owner of the goods. Explanation: For the purposes of this Chapter, the term “carrier” means a person operating a transport service other than air or marine transport, or a person engaged in the business of such transport, and also includes a person operating the business of carriage through internal navigation transport, rope-way or animal or any other means. Provided that if any person employed by the owner of goods on wage basis or his or her agent or a person working under his or her supervision carries goods, such a person shall not be deemed to be a carrier for the purposes of this Chapter. Section 603: Carrier’s obligations Section 603, Sub-section (1): It shall be the obligation of the carrier to carry the goods received from the owner of the goods for carriage to the specified destination in proper condition. Section 603, Sub-section (2): If the goods received from the owner of the goods for carriage are lost, destroyed, broken, defaced or damaged or the goods do not reach to the specified destination in proper condition in any other manner, the carrier shall be liable for that. Section 603, Sub-section (3): The carrier shall carry the goods within the time specified in the contract, and within a reasonable time, if no period for transporting the goods is specified in the contract, and deliver the goods to the owner of the goods or his or her agent or a person designated by him or her. National Civil Code 2074
National Civil Code 2074

Section 604: Carrier to be liable Section 604, Sub-section (1): If more than one carrier or mode of transport is involved in the carriage of any goods, except as otherwise provided for in the contract, the carrier to whom the owner of the goods has been handed over the goods shall be liable. Section 604, Sub-section (2): If any goods are stolen, lost, damaged or destroyed prior to the carriage and delivery of such goods by the carrier to the concerned person, the carrier shall be liable for that. Provided that if the goods are stolen, lost, damaged or destroyed due to a disaster or accident, the carrier shall not be liable for that. Section 605: Right to sell goods without consent of owner Section 605, Sub-section (1): If the carrier fails to carry any goods to the destination within the specified time due to a disaster or accident in the course of carriage of the goods and such goods are perishable or their price or quality is susceptible to decrease significantly, the carrier may sell such goods even without the consent of the owner. Section 605, Sub-section (2): The carrier shall pay the amount so obtained from the sale made pursuant to sub-section (1) to the owner. Section 606: Carrier’s liability to be limited Section 606, Sub-section (1): Except where the owner of goods or his or her agent has clearly declared at the time of conclusion of the contract that the value of the goods to be carried is more or except as otherwise provided for in the contract, the compensation for any loss or damage to the goods carried by the carrier shall not exceed one hundred thousand rupees. Section 606, Sub-section (2): Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), the carrier shall not be liable for any loss or damage to any gold, silver, diamond, jewelry or articles made thereof, precious stone, bill of exchange, security, document registered at office, certificate issued by an academic and other institute, coin, bank note, postal stamp, fish, meat, fresh fruits and vegetable, insecticide and toxic material, inflammable material, petroleum product, precious fine art work, idol, curio goods or glass or goods made of glass or highly breakable or fragile goods, wildlife and domestic animal, handicraft product, arms and ammunition, explosive, electronic equipment (radio, television, computer, mobile or similar other good) and their spare parts, machinery and such goods as specified by the law to be declared by the owner before the carriage, except where the owner or his or her agent has made explicit declaration at the time of the conclusion of contract or at the time of handing over of the goods to the carrier for carriage. National Civil Code 2074
National Civil Code 2074

Section 606, Sub-section (3): For the purpose of bearing the risks involved in the carriage of goods under sub-section (2), the carrier may insure the goods through the owner of the goods or his or her agent or insure the goods by himself or herself having charged separate fee to the owner or the carrier may make other necessary provisions for preventing the risks. Section 607: To bear compensation Section 607: The carrier shall, for such loss, damage or harm as caused to the goods declared at the time of the conclusion of contract or at the time of handing over the goods to the carrier for carriage under this Chapter or the goods not requiring declaration, in the course of their carriage, be liable to pay to the owner the compensation, if any, specified in the contract, to reimburse for the goods carried with the consent of the owner if no such compensation is specified in the contract or failing such consent, the prevailing price of such goods, and failing the determination of the price, a reasonable price and also a reasonable compensation for the loss and damage caused to the owner of the goods, subject to Chapter-5 of this Part. Section 608: Termination of carrier's liability Section 608: Except as otherwise provided for in the contract, the carrier's liability shall be deemed to have been terminated in any of the following circumstances: Section 608, Clause (a): If the carrier or his or her agent carries and hands over the goods to the owner of the goods or his or her agent or the person designated by him or her, Section 608, Clause (b): If the goods handed over to the carrier are taken back by the owner of the goods or his or her agent prior to the carriage thereof, Section 608, Clause (c): If the carrier or his or her agent returns the goods to the owner of the goods or his or her agent specifying the reason that the goods cannot be carried within the specified time because of the circumstance referred to in clause (b) of sub-section (2) of Section 531. Section 609: Statute of limitation Section 609: A person who is aggrieved from any act done or action taken under this Chapter may make a lawsuit within two years after the date of accrual of the cause of action. Section 610: A contract of lease deemed to be made Section 610, Sub-section (1): If a contract is concluded under which a person gives any goods in which he or she has right and possession to another person for use and possession and enjoy the benefits accrued therefrom in consideration for a rent payable regularly for a certain period, a contract of lease shall be deemed to be concluded. Explanation: For the purposes of this Chapter, the term “goods" means any property from which benefit may be acquired through consumption, possession or use without diminishing them. National Civil Code 2074
National Civil Code 2074

Section 610, Sub-section (2): If a contract of lease is concluded pursuant to sub- section (1), except as otherwise provided for in the contract, the lessor shall ensure the lessee of the following matters: Section 610, Sub-section (2), Clause (a): To transfer certain goods for use and possession according to the contract, Section 610, Sub-section (2), Clause (b): To maintain the goods transferred pursuant to clause Section 610, Sub-section (2), Clause (a): in a running condition so that they may be possessed or used at the time of the transfer, Section 610, Sub-section (2), Clause (c): To make arrangements so that the goods transferred pursuant to clause (a) or (b) can be possessed or used peacefully and without any hindrance. Section 610, Sub-section (3): Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Section, any goods destroyable in use or consumable goods may not be leased. Section 611: Form of the leased goods not to be changed Section 611: The lessee shall not change the original form of the leased goods without the consent of the owner during the period of the contract of lease. Provided that nothing contained in this Section shall prevent the repairing, maintaining, improving or renovating of the leased goods. Section 612: To use the leased goods in good faith Section 612, Sub-section (1): The lessee shall have the right to possess and use the leased goods in good faith and in a prudential manner as if the goods were owned by himself or herself. Section 612, Sub-section (2): While possessing and using the leased goods pursuant to sub-section (1), the lessee shall possess and use them in consonance with the object of the contract of lease. Section 612, Sub-section (3): If the lessee is proved to have possessed and used the leased goods contrary to sub-section (1) or (2), the lessor may terminate such a contract at any time. Section 613: To repair and maintain leased goods Section 613, Sub-section (1): Except as otherwise provided for in the contract of lease, the lessor shall repair and maintain the leased goods. Section 613, Sub-section (2): Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), if the possession or use of the leased goods cannot be made without their immediate repair, maintenance or renovation, the lessee himself or herself may repair, maintain or renovate such goods by giving information thereof to the lessor. Section 613, Sub-section (3): The lessor shall reimburse or adjust in lease rent the expenses incurred in the repair, maintenance or renovation made pursuant to sub-section (2). National Civil Code 2074
National Civil Code 2074

Section 614: Lessor to be informed if goods are not usable Section 614, Sub-section (1): If the leased goods or any part thereof are lost, damaged or destroyed in any manner, are not capable of being possessed or used for any reason, any person makes a claim or dispute of any kind in relation to such goods or any part thereof or any person creates hindrance or disturbance in any manner while possessing or using the goods, the lessee shall give information thereof to the lessor immediately. Section 614, Sub-section (2): Upon receipt of information pursuant to sub-section (1), the lessor shall carry out such repair, maintenance or renovation or obtain such legal remedies as may be necessary to restore the goods into their original condition according to the nature of the goods within fifteen days. Section 614, Sub-section (3): In the case of failure to restore the leased goods into their original condition within the period referred to in sub-section Section 614, Sub-section (2): , the lease rent shall be subject to reduction in proportion to the extent to which such goods have been lost, damaged or destroyed or become incapable of being used or possessed or such claim, hindrance or dispute has been made. Section 615: Lessee to be liable Section 615, Sub-section (1): The lessee shall possess or use the leased goods by taking adequate safety measures having regard to the nature of the goods in order to save the leased goods from loss or damage. Section 615, Sub-section (2): If the leased goods are lost or destroyed for any reason or the price of the goods decreases due to loss or destruction thereof in any manner or due to loss because of negligence on the part of the lessee, any member of his or her family, his or her agent or the third party, during the validity of the contract of lease, the lessee shall be liable therefor, and the lessee shall restore such goods into their original condition, and if the lessee fails to do so, he or she shall be liable to pay compensation therefor. Section 615, Sub-section (3): Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1) or (2), the lessee shall not be liable for the loss or damage, if any, caused to the leased goods due to any force majeure event. Section 615, Sub-section (4): If partial loss or damage is caused to the leased goods due to a force majeure event pursuant to sub-section (3) and the lessor does not restore such goods into their original condition or such restoration is not possible, the lessor shall reduce the lease rent in proportion to the loss or damage. National Civil Code 2074
National Civil Code 2074

Explanation: For the purposes of this Section, the term "force majeure event" means any of the following events: Section 615, Sub-section (4), Clause (a): A storm, earthquake, eruption of volcano, Section 615, Sub-section (4), Clause (b): Excessive rain, flood, landslide, soil erosion, thunder-storm, Section 615, Sub-section (4), Clause (c): Fire caused in any manner other than that caused by dishonesty, negligence or recklessness on the part of the lessee or his or her family member, employee, worker or third party, Section 615, Sub-section (4), Clause (d): Act of terrorism, civil riot, civil war, Section 615, Sub-section (4), Clause (e): Other natural calamity of similar nature beyond human control. Section 616: To pay lease rent Section 616, Sub-section (1): The lessee shall pay to the lessor the lease rent according to the terms and conditions of the contract of lease. Section 616, Sub-section (2): If the terms and conditions of payment of the lease rent are not specified in the contract pursuant to sub-section (1), the lessee shall pay the lease rent on the next day of the end of each month, in the case of a movable property, within fifteen days of the end of every fiscal year, in the case of farmland, servitude, land leased for industrial or infrastructure building or housing, and within a week of the end of every month, in the case of other goods. Section 616, Sub-section (3): Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Section, if any person does not let the lessee fully possess and use such goods or any part thereof by showing any defect in the ownership and possession of the leased goods or any part thereof, creating any type of hindrance or obstruction or making a claim in relation thereto, the lessee may reduce the lease rent in proportion thereto. National Civil Code 2074
National Civil Code 2074

Section 617: Validity period of contract of lease Section 617, Sub-section (1): No contract of lease concluded in relation to the following goods shall remain valid for more than the following period: Section 617, Sub-section (1), Clause (a): Thirty-five years in the case of housing land leased for the construction of a building or housing land in use after construction of a building therein, Section 617, Sub-section (1), Clause (b): Thirty-five years in the case of the land leased for the purpose of servitude, Section 617, Sub-section (1), Clause (c): Forty years in the case of the land leased for the purpose of construction, development and operation of the infrastructures such as industrial structure, roads, canals, electricity generation, Section 617, Sub-section (1), Clause (d): Twenty years in the case of land for farming; Section 617, Sub-section (1), Clause (e): Nineteen years in the case of house and land leased for the purposes other than that referred to in clause (a), (b), (c) or (d), Section 617, Sub-section (1), Clause (f): Fifteen years in the case of a motor vehicle, Section 617, Sub-section (1), Clause (g): Fifteen years in the case of machinery equipment other than a motor vehicle, Section 617, Sub-section (1), Clause (h): Fifteen years in the case of machinery equipment other than that referred to in clause (f) or (g), Section 617, Sub-section (1), Clause (i): Ten years in the case of a domestic animal, Section 617, Sub-section (1), Clause (j): Ten years in the case of goods other than that set forth in this Section having regard to their life and nature. Section 617, Sub-section (2): Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), the parties may extend the validity period of the contract of lease, subject to the validity period of the contract, before expiry of the period referred to in such a sub-section. Section 617, Sub-section (3): Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (2), the parties to a contract of lease may decide whether to extend the period of the contract of lease having regard to the place where the leased house and land are situated and the nature of the goods. Section 618: Leased goods may be sub-leased Section 618, Sub-section (1): The lessee may, with the prior consent of the lessor, sub-lease to any person the goods or any part thereof leased under the contract of lease, by concluding another contract of lease to that effect. Section 618, Sub-section (2): The lessee shall not be free from his or her obligation towards the lessor for the reason that he or she has made a sub-lease pursuant to sub-section (1). Section 618, Sub-section (3): The terms and conditions of such a sub-lease contract concluded pursuant to sub-section (1) in relation to the goods on sub-lease shall not be different than the terms and conditions of the first contract of lease. National Civil Code 2074
National Civil Code 2074

Section 618, Sub-section (4): While determining the terms and conditions of the contract of lease pursuant to sub-section (3), provision may be so made that the sub-lessee shall be directly liable to the lessor in respect of the leased goods, and if such provision is made, the sub- lessee shall be liable to the lessor to the extent of the sub-lease contract. Section 618, Sub-section (5): The validity period of the contract of lease made pursuant to sub-section (1) shall not exceed the validity period of the contract of lease concluded between the lessor and the lessee. Section 618, Sub-section (6): If the lessor makes recourse to any legal remedy or a claim against the lessee under this Chapter, the sub-lessee shall not be liable therefor except in the case referred to in sub-section (4). Section 618, Sub-section (7): Nothing shall be deemed to have been prejudiced in any manner the right which the lessor may exercise under the contract of lease based on anything contained in this Section,. Section 619: To return leased goods Section 619, Sub-section (1): Except as otherwise provided for in the contract of lease, if the contract of lease is terminated for any reason, the lessee shall return the goods leased under this Chapter to the lessor within thirty-five days of the termination of the contract of lease. Provided that, in the case of an immovable property, the lessor shall be deemed to be entitled, ipso facto, to possess that goods after thirty-five days of the termination of the contract of lease. Section 619, Sub-section (2): The lessee shall return the goods leased pursuant to sub-section (1) to the lessor on the same condition as they were received at the time of lease. Provided that the lessee shall not be liable for any natural decay or depreciation caused from the possession and use of the goods. Section 619, Sub-section (3): If a record of the goods or accessories and spare parts thereof has been maintained at the time of leasing the goods, the goods and accessories and spare parts thereof according to such record shall also be returned, while returning the leased goods pursuant to sub-section (1) or (2). Provided that the accessories or spare parts that get lost or destroyed in the course of possession and use according to the nature of the goods need not be returned. Section 620: Special provision relating to the contract of lease of immovable Section 620: property: (1) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Chapter, a contract of lease of any immovable property shall be concluded in writing. Section 620, Sub-section (2): While leasing any immovable property for a period of more than ten years, the contract of lease, setting out such matter, shall be registered in a body legally authorized for that purpose. National Civil Code 2074