chhatramani/nepal_legal_acts_corpus_english huggingface dataset:
Right to Housing Act, 2018

6. Access to Resources: The Government of Nepal, the Provincial Government and the Local level must make arrangements for citizens to have easy access according to law to the use of resources located in the housing site. Chapter-3

Providing Housing Facilities

7. Providing Housing: Notwithstanding anything contained in Chapter-2 of this Act, the Government of Nepal, the Provincial Government or the Local level shall, based on available resources in mutual coordination, prioritize the homeless persons and families mentioned below and gradually provide housing facilities as prescribed:-

(a) those who do not own any house or land in the name of themselves or their family within the State of Nepal and are unable to arrange housing from their own or their family's income, resources or efforts,
(b) those who have been permanently displaced due to natural disasters and for whom the condition under clause (a) exists. 8. Providing Financial Resources: (1) Concessional financial facilities as prescribed shall be made available to provide housing facilities to homeless persons and families pursuant to Section 7.

(2) Homeless persons and families who are extremely poor and unable to arrange housing even under the facilities pursuant to Sub-section (1) and who cannot make alternative arrangements shall be provided housing facilities on a priority basis gradually as prescribed. 9. Collection of Records and Identification: (1) The concerned Local level must collect records as prescribed in such a manner as to reveal the detailed identification and residence status of persons and families to whom housing facilities are to be provided.

(2) The details of the records collected pursuant to Sub-section (1) must be made available by the Local level to the Government of Nepal through the Provincial Government. 10. Identity Card to be Provided: (1) The concerned Local level must distribute identity cards as prescribed to the concerned person or family.

(2) The distribution of identity cards pursuant to Sub-section (1) must be completed within the period as prescribed.

(3) The details of the identity cards distributed pursuant to this Section must be made available by the concerned Local level to the concerned Provincial Government and the Ministry.

(4) Based on the details of the identity cards distributed pursuant to this Section, the Government of Nepal, the Provincial Government and the Local level shall, avoiding duplication, arrange resources and gradually provide housing facilities as prescribed to the citizens. 11. Assistance to be Provided: The Government of Nepal and the Provincial Government must provide financial and technical assistance to the Local level to carry out the work pursuant to Sections 9 and 10. 12.
Right to Housing Act, 2018

11. Assistance to be Provided: The Government of Nepal and the Provincial Government must provide financial and technical assistance to the Local level to carry out the work pursuant to Sections 9 and 10. 12. Declaration of Not Having Land or Housing: A person or family identified to receive housing facilities pursuant to Section 9 must, before receiving housing facilities under this Act, make a self-declaration as prescribed that they or their family do not own any land, housing or both in their name or their family's name in any territory of the country and that they are unable to arrange housing from their own or their family's income, resources or efforts. 13. Temporary Housing to be Provided: (1) The Government of Nepal, the Provincial Government and the Local level must, in mutual coordination, immediately provide temporary housing or financial assistance as prescribed for persons and families displaced by disasters.

(2) The temporary housing pursuant to Sub-section (1) must have minimum facilities as prescribed, including a gender-friendly and disability-friendly environment.

(3) If, for a person or family sheltered in temporary housing pursuant to Sub-section (1), the disaster situation normalizes and they become able to reside in their original place, arrangements must be made to rehabilitate them to that place. 14. Resettlement Arrangements to be Made: (1) If a person or family completely displaced due to the cause pursuant to Section 13 does not own any land elsewhere, or owns land but it is unsuitable for residence due to geographical or other reasons, and due to their economic impoverishment they themselves cannot arrange any other residence, the Government of Nepal, the Provincial Government or the Local level must make proper resettlement arrangements for such person or family. Provided that, if such person or family is engaged in any income-generating activity, arrangements may be made for their resettlement by providing concessional loans and partial subsidies according to prevailing law.

(2) While making resettlement arrangements pursuant to Sub-section (1), as far as possible, due attention must also be paid to the social, cultural aspects and livelihood of the concerned person or family. 15.
Right to Housing Act, 2018

15. Ownership, Use and Possession Rights of Housing: (1) Where housing is built and provided to citizens by the Government of Nepal, the Provincial Government or the Local level under this Act, arrangements may be made for the ownership of such housing to be sole, collective or joint ownership of the person, family or community receiving such housing facility.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in Sub-section (1), there shall be no bar to making arrangements so that only the right of possession of such housing vests in the concerned person or family.

(3) If a housing facility is provided with sole ownership of one person and family, the same person and family who hold the ownership must reside in such housing.

(4) If a housing facility is provided with collective or joint ownership, the ownership of such housing shall vest in all persons and families residing therein.

(5) Housing provided with sole, collective or joint ownership of a person or family pursuant to Sub-sections (2), (3) and (4) shall not be used for taking loans by keeping it as collateral with banks, financial or other institutions, sold, given on rent or lease, or ownership transferred to another person, or rights relinquished in any other manner, without the approval of the concerned Government of Nepal, Provincial Government or Local level that provided such housing. Provided that there shall be no bar to partition among co-parceners according to prevailing law and to transfer ownership by way of name transfer, registry cancellation, inheritance or any other reason in the name of the successor after the death of such person.

(6) Any act contrary to Sub-section (5) shall be deemed null and void automatically, and the ownership of such housing shall automatically vest in the Government of Nepal, the Provincial Government or the concerned Local level that provided the housing.

(7) The concerned Government of Nepal or Provincial Government or the concerned Local level that provided the housing pursuant to Sub-section (6) may provide it to other displaced, homeless persons and families. 16. Duplicate Facility Not to be Provided: (1) A person or family who has been provided housing under this Act shall not be provided housing in a manner that results in duplication.

(2) A person or family who has been provided housing facility once under this Act shall not be provided such facility again.

(3) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Section, there shall be no bar to providing housing again if the provided housing is completely damaged by a disaster and rendered uninhabitable. 17.
Right to Housing Act, 2018

17. Housing Facility Not to be Provided: (1) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Act, housing facilities under this Act shall not be provided to the following persons and families:-

(a) a person holding a position considered as a public servant according to prevailing law, who has retired or been removed from office, and their family,
(b) a person receiving remuneration or any other financial facility from a domestic or foreign company, organized institution, partnership, firm, and their family,
(c) a person receiving remuneration or any other financial facility from a domestic or foreign non-governmental organization, and their family,
(d) a person engaged in trade, business or other income-generating activity in the private sector, or their family,
(e) a person working for a foreign government or international organization, or receiving pension or other financial facility from them, and their family,
(f) a person who has obtained residency permission of a foreign country or is permanently residing in a foreign country, and their family,
(g) a person residing by renting someone else's house, land or apartment for residential purposes, and their family,
(h) a person and family who do not have housing but have movable or immovable property exceeding that specified by the Government of Nepal,
(i) other persons as prescribed and their family.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in Sub-section (1), there shall be no bar to providing housing facilities under this Act to a person and their family if their housing is completely damaged by a disaster and rendered uninhabitable, or if the person's annual income is less than that specified by the Government of Nepal. 18. Coordination with Local Level: (1) While providing any housing-related facility under this Act, the Government of Nepal and the Provincial Government must coordinate with the Local level for implementation.

(2) The Government of Nepal and the Provincial Government may implement housing-related programs under this Act through the Local level by providing necessary budget, manpower and other technical assistance. 19. Provision for Integrated Settlement Development: (1) While providing housing facilities under this Act, the Government of Nepal, the Provincial Government and the Local level may arrange housing according to the concept of integrated settlement development based on necessity and suitability.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Act, there shall be no bar to relocating settlements from remote, inaccessible and unsafe locations where services and facilities cannot be provided due to geographical remoteness, to a location with facilities. 20. Housing Facilities May be Provided by Domestic Private Sector: (1) Subject to prevailing law, private companies or organized institutions may build and distribute housing to citizens.

(2) Such housing pursuant to Sub-section (1) must have minimum services, facilities and infrastructure as prescribed. 21.
Right to Housing Act, 2018

20. Housing Facilities May be Provided by Domestic Private Sector: (1) Subject to prevailing law, private companies or organized institutions may build and distribute housing to citizens.

(2) Such housing pursuant to Sub-section (1) must have minimum services, facilities and infrastructure as prescribed. 21. Availability of Services, Facilities and Infrastructure: The area where housing provided under this Act is located must have minimum services, facilities and infrastructure as prescribed. 22. Monitoring to be Conducted: The Government of Nepal, the Provincial Government and the Local level must form a mechanism as prescribed for monitoring the work of providing housing facilities under this Act. 23. Building Code and Building Construction Standards to be Followed: While providing housing under this Act, the Government of Nepal, the Provincial Government or the Local level must comply with the standards determined according to federal law relating to settlement development, land use, building code and building construction. 24. Resolution of Disputes: If any dispute, other than relating to rights and titles, arises between persons and families residing in such housing regarding the enjoyment of housing facilities provided under this Act, the Local Judicial Committee shall have the jurisdiction to hear such dispute. Chapter-4
Offenses and Punishments

25.
Right to Housing Act, 2018

24. Resolution of Disputes: If any dispute, other than relating to rights and titles, arises between persons and families residing in such housing regarding the enjoyment of housing facilities provided under this Act, the Local Judicial Committee shall have the jurisdiction to hear such dispute. Chapter-4
Offenses and Punishments

25. Offenses and Punishments: (1) If a person commits an act as mentioned below, they shall be deemed to have committed an offense under this Act:-

(a) obtaining housing facilities by submitting false details,
(b) misusing housing facilities or using housing for purposes other than housing,
(c) intentionally collecting or recommending false details,
(d) committing an act contrary to Sub-section (5) of Section 15.

(2) If a person commits an offense pursuant to Sub-section (1), the following punishment shall be imposed:-

(a) for an offense under clause (a), imprisonment for up to two years or a fine of up to five hundred thousand rupees or both,
(b) for an offense under clause (b), imprisonment for up to one year or a fine of up to three hundred thousand rupees or both,
(c) for an offense under clause (c), a fine of one hundred thousand rupees and, if a government employee, departmental action as well,
(d) for an offense under clause (d), imprisonment for up to three years or a fine of up to one million rupees or both.

(3) If the fine under Sub-section (2) cannot be recovered from the concerned offender, it shall be recovered as a government due.

(4) If a person who has been provided a grant for housing construction under this Act is found to have obtained the grant by providing false details, the amount of such grant shall be recovered as a government due, including interest as per prevailing law, and any action under prevailing law shall also be taken accordingly. Chapter-5
Miscellaneous

26. To be Recorded in the Name of Government of Nepal, Provincial Government or Local Level: In addition to the situation mentioned in Sub-section (6) of Section 15, if the following situation occurs, the housing provided under this Act shall be removed from the name of such person or family and recorded in the name of the Government of Nepal, Provincial Government or Local level that provided such housing facility:-

(a) if the person or family provided with housing does not reside therein or does not use or possess it continuously for three years or more,
(b) in other circumstances as prescribed. 27.
Right to Housing Act, 2018

27. Maintenance and Service Charges of Housing: (1) The maintenance of housing provided under this Act must be borne by the person or family receiving such housing facility at their own expense.

(2) Except as decided by the Government of Nepal, Provincial Government or Local level to be free of charge, the service charges payable for using facilities such as electricity, drinking water etc. installed in the housing must be borne by the person or family receiving such housing within the prescribed time. 28. Housing May be Returned: If a person or family receiving housing provided under this Act wishes to return the housing due to an increase in their economic capacity or other reasons, they may return it to the Government of Nepal, Provincial Government or Local level that provided such housing. The concerned body may honor the person or family so returning. 29. Government of Nepal to be Plaintiff: (1) The Government of Nepal shall be the plaintiff in cases under Sub-section (1) of Section 25.

(2) Cases under Sub-section (1) of Section 25 shall be deemed to be included in Schedule-1 of the Muluki Criminal Procedure (Code) Act, 2074 (as amended by the Act to Amend Some Nepal Acts Relating to the Civil Code, 2075). 30. Power to Make Rules: The Government of Nepal may make necessary rules for the implementation of this Act. 31. Power to Make Procedures and Directives: (1) The Government of Nepal, the Provincial Government and the Local level may, subject to this Act and the rules made under this Act, make necessary procedures or directives.

(2) Procedures or directives made pursuant to Sub-section (1) must be made public.
Legal Aid Act, 1997

plaintext
Legal Aid Act, 2054

Royal Seal and Publication Date
2044.9.17

Amending Acts

1. Act to Amend Some Nepal Acts, 2055 2055.10.17

Certification and Publication Date

2. Act to Consolidate the Republic and Amend Some Nepal Laws, 2066 2066.10.17

3. Act to Amend Some Nepal Acts to Ensure Gender Equality and End Gender-Based Violence, 2072 2072.6.14

Act No. 16 of the year 2044



Act Made to Provide for Legal Aid

Preamble: Whereas, in accordance with the principle of the rule of law, it is necessary to make justice equally available to all; therefore, it is desirable to make legal provision for providing necessary legal aid to incapable persons who are unable to protect their legal rights and interests due to economic and social reasons;

Now, therefore, in the twenty-sixth year of the reign of His Majesty King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, Parliament has enacted this Act. 1. Short Title and Commencement: (1) This Act may be called the "Legal Aid Act, 2054".

(2) Section 1 of this Act shall come into force immediately, and the other sections shall come into force in the areas specified by the Government of Nepal by notification in the Nepal Gazette on the date so specified.The date of enforcement and the districts are given at the end. 2. Definitions: Unless the subject or context otherwise requires, in this Act,-

(a) "Legal aid" means legal advice and consultation given to an incapable person pursuant to this Act, and the term also includes pleading, drafting, and other services rendered in connection with legal proceedings in courts on behalf of such incapable person. Added by the Act to Amend Some Nepal Acts to Ensure Gender Equality and End Gender-Based Violence, 2072.(a1) "Incapable person" means a person whose annual income is less than the prescribed annual income or a person who is a victim of gender-based violence or armed conflict.

(b) "Central Committee" means the Central Legal Aid Committee constituted pursuant to Section 6.

(c) "District Committee" means the District Legal Aid Committee constituted pursuant to Section 7.

(d) "Court" means the court or tribunal in which the person receiving legal aid is a party and in which legal proceedings are ongoing, and the term also includes the officer or office hearing the case or conducting legal proceedings.

(e) "Prescribed" or "as prescribed" means prescribed or as prescribed by rules made under this Act. 3.
Legal Aid Act, 1997

3. Persons Entitled to Legal Aid:- Amended by the Act to Amend Some Nepal Acts to Ensure Gender Equality and End Gender-Based Violence, 2072.(1) An incapable person may obtain legal aid pursuant to this Act.

(2) The relevant Committee shall have the authority to decide whether or not to provide legal aid to a person.

(3) While deciding on the provision of legal aid, the relevant Committee shall also take into consideration that the tendency to cause unnecessary harassment to others and to file baseless cases is not encouraged. 4. Reimbursement of Expenses Incurred for Legal Aid:- (1) If a person obtains any property or financial benefit as a result of receiving legal aid, such person shall reimburse to the Committee the expenses incurred by the relevant Committee as prescribed on account of receiving legal aid. Provided, that if it appears that collecting the expenses incurred for legal aid from such person would cause him/her hardship, the relevant Committee may grant full or partial exemption from recovering such expenses.

(2) The Court may, in its judgment, order that the expenses incurred by the relevant Committee in providing legal aid to a person be recovered from the person receiving such legal aid, and such order shall be enforced in accordance with prevailing law. 5. List of Legal Practitioners and Remuneration:- (1) For the purpose of providing legal aid to incapable persons, the relevant Committee shall prepare a separate list of legal practitioners for dealing with cases of different subjects or types from among the members of the Nepal Bar Association. Provided,-

(1) If there is no unit of the Nepal Bar Association in a district, legal practitioners who are not members of the Nepal Bar Association may also be included in the list of legal practitioners providing legal aid.

(2) While preparing the list of legal practitioners, if a legal practitioner to handle a case of the relevant subject or type is not available in a district, the relevant Committee may include a legal practitioner from another district in the list with the consent of such legal practitioner.

(2) Legal practitioners included in the list pursuant to sub-section (1) may provide legal aid to incapable persons under this Act.

(3) The relevant Committee shall have the authority to include the name of any legal practitioner in the list prepared pursuant to sub-section (1) or to remove the name of any legal practitioner from such list. Provided, that if a legal practitioner is aggrieved by the removal of his/her name from the list, he/she may file a complaint as prescribed.

(4) The relevant Committee shall provide remuneration as prescribed to the legal practitioner providing legal aid. 6.
Legal Aid Act, 1997

Provided, that if a legal practitioner is aggrieved by the removal of his/her name from the list, he/she may file a complaint as prescribed.

(4) The relevant Committee shall provide remuneration as prescribed to the legal practitioner providing legal aid. 6. Constitution, Functions, Duties and Powers of the Central Legal Aid Committee:- (1) There shall be constituted a Central Legal Aid Committee to make necessary arrangements for providing legal aid to incapable persons, and the Committee shall consist of the following members:-

(a) Minister for Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs - Chairperson

(b) Chairperson, Nepal Council of Legal Practitioners - Member

Added by the Act to Amend Some Nepal Acts to Ensure Gender Equality and End Gender-Based Violence, 2072.(b1) Secretary, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs - Member

Added by the Act to Amend Some Nepal Acts to Ensure Gender Equality and End Gender-Based Violence, 2072.(b2) Secretary, Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare - Member

(c) President, Nepal Bar Association - Member

(d) One legal expert nominated by the Central Committee - Member

(e) Secretary, Nepal Bar Association - Member-Secretary

(2) The term of office of the nominated member under clause (d) of sub-section (1) shall be three years.

(3) The functions, duties and powers of the Central Committee shall be as follows:-

(a) to determine policies and programs relating to legal aid,

(b) to oversee and control the activities of District Committees and to give necessary directions to such Committees,

(c) to provide grants to District Committees for work relating to legal aid,

(d) to arrange necessary funds for work relating to legal aid,

(e) to prepare a list of legal practitioners to provide legal aid on behalf of incapable persons in the Supreme Court,

(f) to publish and distribute introductory books, booklets, information, etc. on various subjects to inform the public about law and legal aid, and to conduct or cause research for that purpose,

(g) to constitute various sub-committees as necessary for work relating to legal aid and to specify the functions, duties and powers of such sub-committees,

(j) Omitted by the Act to Amend Some Nepal Acts, 2055.(j)

(jh) to appoint employees as required by the Central Committee,

(na) to delegate, as necessary, some of the powers conferred upon it to any sub-committee constituted under this Act or to any employee of the Central Committee,

(ta) to do or cause to do other work as prescribed for the fulfillment of the objectives of this Act.

(4) The procedure for meetings of the Central Committee shall be as prescribed. 7.
Legal Aid Act, 1997

7. Constitution, Functions, Duties and Powers of the District Legal Aid Committee: (1) For the purpose of providing legal aid to incapable persons at the district level and also for preparing a list of legal practitioners providing legal aid to incapable persons, there shall be constituted in each district a District Legal Aid Committee consisting of the following members:-

(a) In a district where there is a High Court, the Assistant Attorney General of the Appellate Government Attorney Office, or in districts where there is no such office, the District Attorney - Chairperson

Added by the Act to Amend Some Nepal Acts to Ensure Gender Equality and End Gender-Based Violence, 2072.(a1) Women Development Officer of the concerned District Women and Children Office - Member

(b) Chairperson of the higher-level unit among the Bar Association units located in the district - Member. Provided that, in the case of Kathmandu district, the Chairperson of the District Bar Association shall be the Member.

(c) Two legal practitioners nominated by the District Committee from among the legal practitioners of the district - Member

(d) Secretary of the higher-level unit among the Bar Association units located in the district - Member-Secretary. Provided that, in the case of Kathmandu district, the Secretary of the District Bar Association shall be the Member-Secretary.

(2) The term of office of the members under clause (c) of sub-section (1) shall be three years.

(3) Other functions, duties and powers of the District Committee and the procedure for its meetings shall be as prescribed. 8. Legal Aid Fund: (1) There shall be a Fund for work relating to legal aid, and the following amounts shall be deposited in such Fund:-

(a) Amount received from the Government of Nepal as grant.

(b) Amount received as grant, donation or assistance from any person, association or organization.

(c) Amount received from other sources.

(2) The operation of the Fund under sub-section (1) shall be as prescribed. 9. Accounts and Audit: (1) The Central Committee and the District Committee shall keep accounts of their income and expenditure in the format prescribed by prevailing law.

(2) The audit of the income and expenditure of the Central Committee and the District Committee shall be carried out by the Office of the Auditor General. 10. Provisions Relating to Employees: (1) The Central Committee and the District Committee may appoint employees in necessary numbers. Added by the Act to Amend Some Nepal Acts, 2055.(1a) The Central Committee may appoint a person having at least a bachelor's degree in law to the post of Office Secretary.
Legal Aid Act, 1997

10. Provisions Relating to Employees: (1) The Central Committee and the District Committee may appoint employees in necessary numbers. Added by the Act to Amend Some Nepal Acts, 2055.(1a) The Central Committee may appoint a person having at least a bachelor's degree in law to the post of Office Secretary. Until such appointment is made, the Government of Nepal may, upon the request of the Central Committee, depute a gazetted employee to the post of Office Secretary.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), the District Committee shall obtain the approval of the Central Committee before appointing employees.

(3) The remuneration, terms of service and facilities of employees appointed under sub-section (1) shall be as determined by the Central Committee. 11. Provision of Copies: The Court shall provide copies of documents to the concerned legal practitioner and employee involved in legal aid work without charging the fee prescribed by prevailing law for providing copies. 12. Power to Make Rules: (1) The Central Committee may make necessary rules for the implementation of the objectives of this Act.

(2) Rules made under sub-section (1) shall come into force after approval by the Government of Nepal, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs and publication in the Nepal Gazette. Note:-

1. Dates and districts from which the sections of the Act came into force:
1. By notification published in the Gazette dated 2055.1.21, Sections 6 and 12 of the said Act were specified to come into force from 2055.1.26. 2. By notification published in the Gazette dated 2055.7.23, all remaining sections were specified to come into force in the following districts from 2055.7.23:-
(1) Sunsari (2) Bara (3) Dolakha (4) Palpa and (5) Banke. 3. By notification published in the Gazette dated 2056.11.7, all remaining sections were specified to come into force in the following districts from 2056.11.7:-
(1) Sarlahi (2) Dhading (3) Gulmi. 4. By notification published in the Gazette dated 2057.12.20, all remaining sections were specified to come into force in the following districts from 2058.1.1:-
(1) Kanchanpur (2) Kaski (3) Makwanpur (4) Dhanusha and (5) Jhapa. 5. By notification published in the Gazette dated 2060.8.22, all remaining sections were specified to come into force in the following districts from 2060.9.1:-
(1) Dhankuta (2) Saptari (3) Siraha (4) Rautahat (5) Sindhupalchok (6) Tanahu (7) Kapilvastu (8) Surkhet (9) Bardiya (10) Darchula. 6. By notification published in the Gazette dated 2061.6.1, all remaining sections were specified to come into force in the following districts from 2061.6.1:-
(1) Dhankuta (2) Saptari (3) Siraha (4) Rautahat (5) Sindhupalchok (6) Tanahu (7) Kapilvastu (8) Surkhet (9) Bardiya (10) Darchula. 7.
Legal Aid Act, 1997

6. By notification published in the Gazette dated 2061.6.1, all remaining sections were specified to come into force in the following districts from 2061.6.1:-
(1) Dhankuta (2) Saptari (3) Siraha (4) Rautahat (5) Sindhupalchok (6) Tanahu (7) Kapilvastu (8) Surkhet (9) Bardiya (10) Darchula. 7. By notification published in the Gazette dated 2063.12.29, all remaining sections were specified to come into force in the following districts from 2063.4.1:-
(1) Panchthar (2) Udayapur (3) Sindhuli (4) Chitwan (5) Nawalparasi (6) Baglung (7) Parbat (8) Arghakhanchi (9) Pyuthan (10) Dadeldhura. 8. By notification published in the Gazette dated 2064.9.30, all remaining sections were specified to come into force in the following districts from 2064.10.1:-
(1) Taplejung (2) Bajhang (3) Nuwakot (4) Lamjung (5) Myagdi (6) Gorkha (7) Ramechhap (8) Jumla (9) Rolpa (10) Baitadi. 9. By notification published in the Nepal Gazette dated 2066.5.29, all remaining sections were specified to come into force in the following districts from 2066.6.1:-
1. Kathmandu 2. Lalitpur 3. Bhaktapur 4. Solukhumbu 5. Bhojpur 6. Khotang 7. Achham 8. Dailekh 9. Rukum 10. Jajarkot 11. Okhaldhunga 12. Sankhuwasabha 13. Terhathum 14. Bajura 15. Humla 16. Dolpa 17. Mugu 18. Rasuwa 19. Manang 20. Mustang 21. Salyan 22. Kalikot

2. By the Act to Amend Some Nepal Acts, 2055, the following words used in the prevailing law have been substituted with the following words:-
(a) In place of "Government Attorney", "Assistant Attorney General"
(b) In place of "District Government Attorney", "District Attorney"

3. Words transformed by the Act to Amend Some Nepal Laws, 2063:-
In place of "His Majesty's Government", "Government of Nepal"

4. Words transformed by the Act to Amend Some Nepal Acts, 2072:-
In place of "Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs", "Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs" [Note: original Nepali had variations but all replaced by same phrase]

5. Words transformed by the Judicial Administration Act, 2073:-
In place of "Appellate Court", "High Court"
Motion Picture (Production, Exhibition and Distribution) Act, 1969

Cinema (Production, Exhibition and Distribution) Act, 2026

Royal Seal and Date of Publication
2026.5.19

Amending Acts

1. Judicial Administration Reform Act, 2031 2031.4.18
2. Judicial Administration Reform (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2043 2043.7.24
3. Cinema (Production, Exhibition and Distribution) (First Amendment) Act, 2048 2048.8.4
4. Act to Amend Certain Nepal Acts Relating to Communications, 2055 2055.3.10
5. Act to Amend Certain Nepal Acts Relating to Communications, 2057 2057.10.18

Certification and Publication Date

6. Act to Amend Certain Nepal Laws Relating to Consolidation of the Republic, 2066 2066.1.17
7. Act to Amend Certain Nepal Acts to Maintain Gender Equality and End Gender-Based Violence, 2072 2072.6.14
8. Act to Amend Certain Nepal Acts, 2072 2072.11.13
9. Act to Amend Certain Nepal Acts to Make them Consistent with the Constitution of Nepal, 2075 2075.11.19

Act No. 15 of the year 2026



Act Made to Regulate Cinema Production, Exhibition and Distribution

Preamble: Whereas it is expedient to regulate the production, exhibition and distribution of cinema in Nepal omitted by the Act to Amend Certain Nepal Laws Relating to Consolidation of the Republic, 2066. for the convenience of the general public;

Therefore, this Act is made and enacted by His Majesty King Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, with the advice and consent of the National Panchayat. 1. Short Title, Extent and Commencement: (1) This Act may be called the "Cinema (Production, Exhibition and Distribution) Act, 2026".

(2) This Act shall extend to the whole of Nepal omitted by the Act to Amend Certain Nepal Laws Relating to Consolidation of the Republic, 2066..

(3) This Act shall commence immediately. 2. Definitions: In this Act, unless the subject or context otherwise requires,-

(a) "Cinema Scrutiny Committee" means a committee formed pursuant to Section 7.

(b) "Cinema House" means the principal building where cinema is exhibited and also includes other buildings and lands attached to that building.

(c) "Prescribed" or "as prescribed" means prescribed or as prescribed by the rules made under this Act. 3. License Required for Cinema Production, Distribution and Exhibition: (1) No person shall produce, distribute or exhibit the following types of cinema without obtaining a license from the Government of Nepal or an authorized official designated by the Government of Nepal:-

(a) Feature films, and

(b) Other types of cinema as prescribed from time to time by the Government of Nepal by publishing a notice in the Nepal Gazette.

(2) The format of the application for obtaining a license for cinema production, distribution or exhibition pursuant to sub-section (1), the format of the license, the conditions to be fulfilled by the licenseholder, and the fee payable shall be as prescribed.

(3) The duration of a license granted for cinema distribution shall be as prescribed. 4.
Motion Picture (Production, Exhibition and Distribution) Act, 1969

4. License Required for Constructing and Operating a Cinema House: Amended by the Act to Amend Certain Nepal Acts to Make them Consistent with the Constitution of Nepal, 2075.(1) No person shall construct a cinema house without obtaining a license from the Province Government or an official designated by the Province Government. Added by the Act to Amend Certain Nepal Acts to Make them Consistent with the Constitution of Nepal, 2075.(1a) After obtaining a license pursuant to sub-section (1), while constructing a cinema house, map approval must be obtained from the relevant Rural Municipality or Municipality.

(2) The format of the application to be submitted for obtaining a license to construct a cinema house pursuant to sub-section (1) amended by the First Amendment., the format of the license, the conditions to be fulfilled by the licenseholder, and the fee payable shall be as prescribed.

(3) Upon receipt of an application pursuant to sub-section (2), amended by the Act to Amend Certain Nepal Acts to Make them Consistent with the Constitution of Nepal, 2075. the Province Government may, in particular, grant a license to the applicant, taking into consideration the following matters as well:-

(a) Obstruction or inconvenience that may be caused to any educational institution, hostel, hospital, place of public importance, organization or government office by permitting the construction of the cinema house as per the application amended by the First Amendment.,

(b) The necessity for such a cinema house based on population,

(c) Whether a map of the cinema house has been submitted showing adequate arrangements prescribed for the safety, health and convenience of the audience,

(d) Whether such a license may or may not be granted under other Nepali laws. Amended by the First Amendment.5. Obligation to Construct Cinema House: (1) A person who obtains a license to construct a cinema house under this Act shall complete the construction of the cinema house according to the approved map within two years from the date of obtaining the license. Provided, if the person who obtained such a license fails to complete the construction of the cinema house within that period due to any reasonable cause, amended by the Act to Amend Certain Nepal Acts to Make them Consistent with the Constitution of Nepal, 2075. the Province Government may extend the period repeatedly up to a maximum of two years.

(2) If the person who obtained the license fails to complete the construction of the cinema house within the period specified in sub-section (1), the license obtained by that person shall be deemed automatically cancelled. 6. Inspection of Cinema House: (1) The amended by the First Amendment.
Motion Picture (Production, Exhibition and Distribution) Act, 1969

6. Inspection of Cinema House: (1) The amended by the First Amendment. Chief District Officer may, at any time, inquire and inspect whether the necessary arrangements for the safety, health and convenience of the audience have been made in any cinema house under this Act or the rules made under this Act, and whether the prevailing Nepali laws are being complied with while exhibiting cinema.

(2) For the purpose of inspection pursuant to sub-section (1), the amended by the First Amendment. Chief District Officer may, at any time, inspect or cause to inspect the cinema house.

(3) If it appears that the necessary arrangements as prescribed for the safety, health and convenience of the audience are not in place in any cinema house, or that the prevailing Nepali laws are not being complied with while exhibiting cinema, the amended by the First Amendment. Chief District Officer may order the closure of such cinema house or the exhibition of such cinema.

(4) A person dissatisfied with an order given by the amended by the First Amendment. Chief District Officer under this section may appeal to the Government of Nepal within thirty-five days from the date of such order. 7. Cinema Scrutiny Committee: (1) The Government of Nepal may form one or more Cinema Scrutiny Committees as required to scrutinize whether a cinema is suitable for granting a license for exhibition pursuant to Section 8. Each Committee shall consist of a Chairperson and members as nominated by the Government of Nepal. They shall remain in their positions amended by the First Amendment. for the period specified by the Government of Nepal.

(2) The Chairperson and members of the Committee formed pursuant to sub-section (1) shall receive remuneration as prescribed from the person requesting the cinema scrutiny.

(3) The Cinema Scrutiny Committee may regulate its own procedure.

(4) The Government of Nepal may give such directives as it deems necessary to the Cinema Scrutiny Committee from time to time, and it shall be the duty of such Committee to comply with those directives. 8.
Motion Picture (Production, Exhibition and Distribution) Act, 1969

8. Scrutiny of Cinema: (1) Any person who has obtained a license shall submit an application in the prescribed format to the Cinema Scrutiny Committee before exhibiting any cinema, and the said Committee shall also scrutinize such cinema and may permit or refuse permission as follows:-

(a) Grant permission for public exhibition of such cinema without specifying any condition; or

(b) Grant permission for public exhibition only after cutting, editing or altering such cinema, or complying with any other conditions or restrictions; or

(c) Grant permission specifying the condition that such cinema may only be exhibited publicly to adults who have completed 16 years of age; or

(d) Refuse permission for public exhibition of such cinema.

(2) Before making a decision to grant or refuse permission under clauses (b), (c) or (d) of sub-section (1), the Cinema Scrutiny Committee shall give the applicant a reasonable opportunity to express their views.

(3) If any cinema or any part thereof appears to be of a nature that is prejudicial to omitted by the Act to Amend Certain Nepal Laws Relating to Consolidation of the Republic, 2066. the security, peace and order of Nepal omitted by the Act to Amend Certain Nepal Laws Relating to Consolidation of the Republic, 2066., or to the good relations with friendly states or between different classes or castes, or adversely affects public interest, morality or ethics, or harms the reputation of any particular person, or constitutes contempt of court, or added by the Act to Amend Certain Nepal Acts to Maintain Gender Equality and End Gender-Based Violence, 2072. promotes gender-based violence, or incites the commission of any offense, the Cinema Scrutiny Committee shall not grant permission for the exhibition of such cinema. Provided, if it appears that exhibiting the cinema after cutting, editing or altering a part of it would not be contrary to this sub-section, the Cinema Scrutiny Committee may, as necessary, grant permission for exhibition after such cutting, editing or alteration.

(4) If, in the opinion of the Government of Nepal, a cinema for which permission for exhibition has been granted by the Cinema Scrutiny Committee is of a nature that may have an adverse effect as mentioned in sub-section (3), the Government of Nepal may, at any time, order the stoppage of exhibition of such cinema or order its exhibition after cutting, editing or altering as deemed necessary.

(5) A person aggrieved by a decision made by the Cinema Scrutiny Committee under this section may submit an appeal to the Government of Nepal within thirty-five days from the date of such decision. 9.
Motion Picture (Production, Exhibition and Distribution) Act, 1969

9. Documentary to be Shown as well: (1) While exhibiting any cinema, it shall be mandatory to play Nepali records at the beginning and during the intermission, and also to show, as far as possible, documentaries relating to scientific discoveries or education, or important current events of national or international importance.

(2) The Government of Nepal may order cinema exhibitors who have obtained licenses to exhibit any documentary produced by or received by the Government of Nepal, and it shall be the duty of such cinema exhibitor to comply with such order. 10. Ticket Rates and Categories: Amended by the Act to Amend Certain Nepal Acts to Make them Consistent with the Constitution of Nepal, 2075. The various categories and ticket rates to be fixed in a cinema house shall be as determined by the relevant Province. 10a. Formation of Film Development Board: Added by the Act to Amend Certain Nepal Acts Relating to Communications, 2055. (1) The Government of Nepal shall form a Film Development Board for the development and promotion of the film sector, which shall include representation from persons or organizations associated with that sector as well.

(2) The formation procedure and other functions of the Film Development Board formed pursuant to sub-section (1) shall be as prescribed. 11. Powers of Government of Nepal and Province Government: Amended by the Act to Amend Certain Nepal Acts to Make them Consistent with the Constitution of Nepal, 2075. (1) If deemed necessary for the security of Nepal or public peace or order, the Government of Nepal may order the cessation of exhibition of any cinema throughout Nepal, and the Province Government may order such cessation within the Province.

(2) Before issuing an order pursuant to sub-section (1), a reasonable opportunity shall be given to the concerned person to present their statement.

(3) The Government of Nepal may, by publishing a notice in the Nepal Gazette, delegate the powers vested in it under this Act to the Board formed pursuant to Section 10a, a Committee, or any official. 12.
Motion Picture (Production, Exhibition and Distribution) Act, 1969

12. Penalty and Appeal: Amended by the First Amendment. (1) The Chief District Officer may impose a fine of up to five thousand rupees on a person who violates this Act or any rule or order made under this Act, and may also cancel the license obtained by that person.

(2) If any person produces, exhibits, or distributes cinema without obtaining a license under this Act, the Chief District Officer may impose a fine on such person as mentioned in sub-section (1) and may also confiscate such cinema and the equipment used in the production, exhibition or distribution of such cinema.

(3) An appeal against an order given by the Chief District Officer pursuant to sub-section (1) or (2) shall lie with the amended by the Act to Amend Certain Nepal Acts, 2072. District Court. 13. Power to Make Rules: The Government of Nepal may make rules to carry out the objectives of this Act. 14. Validity of Licenses Granted Before Commencement of this Act: All licenses granted by the Government of Nepal or an official authorized by the Government of Nepal prior to the commencement of this Act relating to cinema production, distribution, exhibition and amended by the First Amendment. construction of cinema houses shall be deemed to have been granted under this Act. Provided, in relation to any cinema house for which a license was obtained prior to the commencement of this Act, if adequate arrangements regarding the safety, health and convenience of the audience are not in place as per this Act or the rules made under this Act, the owner of such cinema house shall have a period of two years from the date of commencement of the rules under this Act to make arrangements for the safety, health and convenience of the audience accordingly.
National Broadcasting Act, 1993

राष्ट्रिय प्रसारण ऐन, २०४९
National Broadcasting Act, 2049

लालमोहर र प्रकाशन मिति
Royal Seal and Publication Date
२०५० । २ । २७
2050.2.27

संशोधन गर्ने ऐन
Amending Acts

१. सञ्चार सम्बन्धी केही नेपाल ऐन संशोधन गर्ने ऐन, २०७५ २०७५ । १० । १८
1. Some Nepal Acts Amendment Act Relating to Communications, 2075 2075.10.18

प्रमाणीकरण र प्रकाशन मिति
Certification and Publication Date
२०६३ । ४ । २३
2063.4.23

२. केही नेपाल ऐनको व्यवस्था जगाउने ऐन, २०६३ २०६३ । ४ । २३
2. Act to Revive the Provisions of Some Nepal Acts, 2063 2063.4.23
३. गणतन्त्र सुदृढीकरण तथा केही नेपाल कानून संशोधन गर्ने ऐन, २०६६ २०६६ । १ । ७
3. Republic Strengthening and Some Nepal Laws Amendment Act, 2066 2066.1.7
४. लैङ्गिक समानता कायम गर्न तथा लैङ्गिक हिंसा अन्त्य गर्न केही नेपाल ऐनलाई संशोधन गर्ने ऐन, २०७२ २०७२ । ६ । १४
4. Act to Amend Some Nepal Acts to Maintain Gender Equality and End Gender-Based Violence, 2072 2072.6.14
५. केही नेपाल ऐन संशोधन गर्ने ऐन, २०७२ २०७२ । ११ । १३
5. Some Nepal Acts Amendment Act, 2072 2072.11.13
६. केही नेपाल ऐन संशोधन गर्ने ऐन, २०७५ २०७५ । ११ । १९
6. Some Nepal Acts Amendment Act, 2075 2075.11.19

२०४९ सालको ऐन नं. ६
Act No. 6 of the year 2049



राष्ट्रिय प्रसारण सम्बन्धमा व्यवस्था गर्न बनेको ऐन
An Act made to provide for national broadcasting

प्रस्तावनाः गणतन्त्र सुदृढीकरण तथा केही नेपाल कानून संशोधन गर्ने ऐन, २०६६ द्वारा संशोधित । संविधानद्वारा प्रत्याभूत गरिएको जनताको अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रता तथा सुसूचित हुन पाउने हकलाई संरक्षण एवं सम्बर्धन गर्न तथा प्रसारण प्रणालीको माध्यमबाट मुलुकको आर्थिक, सामाजिक तथा सांस्कृतिक क्रियाकलापलाई जनसमक्ष पुर्‍याई सबै जाति, भाषा, वर्ग, क्षेत्र र धार्मिक सम्प्रदाय बीच समानता, आपसी सद्भावना र सामञ्जस्यताको वातावरण सृजना गरी गणतन्त्र सुदृढीकरण तथा केही नेपाल कानून संशोधन गर्ने ऐन, २०६६ द्वारा संशोधित । राष्ट्र भाषाको माध्यमबाट समेत जनचेतना जगाउन,
Preamble: Amended by the Republic Strengthening and Some Nepal Laws Amendment Act, 2066.