chengyewang/TexOCR-eval huggingface dataset:
\section{Shifting conceptual framework and evolving mission}

Since its inception, AFRICOM’s conceptual framework has been refined several times, leading to a confused and mixed image in what has truly been \textit{l’aventure ambiguë}, to borrow from the title of Cheikh Hamidou Kane’s famous novel. As Botswana’s former president, Festus Mogae, put it ‘We don’t know how the animal would look like.’\cite{23} AFRICOM has been successively referred to as ‘a bold new method of military engagement’, ‘a pioneer for a new model of US military engagement abroad’, ‘a combatant command plus’, ‘an organization along non-traditional lines’\cite{24} that reflects ‘a shift in military thought’\cite{25} and ought to be ‘a maximalist and transformational institution’, all of which have only added to the conceptual confusion.

One feature that was supposed to distinguish AFRICOM from other US military commands is that it was conceived to embody an interagency construct or character.\cite{26} AFRICOM was supposed to exemplify a ‘whole-of-government approach’ that bridges the divide between US governmental agencies in advancing US strategic goals in Africa.\cite{27} According to Principal Under-Secretary of Defence Ryan Henry, AFRICOM was not meant to be an ‘operational entity’ but an organisational change ‘that did not mean any sort of change in a basing structure or troop positions on the continent’.\cite{28} AFRICOM was predicated on the idea that US diplomatic and development resources and skills and its security assets could be brought together in a coherent and innovative way on the African continent in order to support the US administration’s goals.

A second distinctive conceptual feature of AFRICOM is the centrality given to pre-conflict, preventive and anticipatory operations. While other commands, with the exception of the Southern Command (SOUTHCOM), have traditionally focused on ‘fighting and winning wars’, AFRICOM introduces a new security paradigm that emphasises what has been referred to as ‘Phase Zero’ by military strategists. Phase Zero strategy, also known as ‘peacetime engagement’, seeks to address ‘threats at their inception through increased emphasis on security and cooperation and capacity building of partners and allies’.\cite{29} As one Department of Defence official puts it, the measure of AFRICOM’s success would be ‘if it keeps American troops out of Africa for the next 50 years’.\cite{30} Translated in non-military terms, this statement seems to echo the proposition that ‘AFRICOM appears to be designed not so much to use US forces abroad to protect us at home, but to enable foreign forces in their home to protect us from a distance’.\cite{31}
\title{P09029 Air Muscle Artificial Limb \\ Test Plan \& Results}
\author{Casey Dill \and Arthur Connors \and Andrew Torkelson}

\section*{Table of Contents}

\section{Preliminary Test Plan}
1.1 Introduction; Overview; Summary; Purpose; History \dotfill 2

1.2 Project Description; Sub-Systems/ Critical Components Being Tested \dotfill 2

1.3 Approval; Guide, Sponsor \dotfill 2

1.4 Test Strategy \dotfill 3

\section{Final Test Plan}
2.1 Accuracy Testing \dotfill 6

2.2 Test Procedure \dotfill 7

2.3 Assumptions \dotfill 7

\section{Test Verification}
3.1 Preliminary Test Results \dotfill 8

3.2 Logistics and Documentation \dotfill 10

3.3 Definition of a Successful Test, Pass / Fail Criteria \dotfill 11

3.4 Contingencies/ Mitigation for Preliminary or Insufficient Results \dotfill 11

3.5 Analysis of Data -- Accuracy Testing \dotfill 11

3.6 Test Results \dotfill 13

3.7 Conclusion or Design Summary \dotfill Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.8 Function/ Performance Reviews \dotfill 14

3.9 References \dotfill 14
images (Fig.~\ref{fig:figure_1}b, \ref{fig:figure_1}c). On gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images showed lobulated enhancement pattern (Fig.~\ref{fig:figure_1}d, \ref{fig:figure_1}e). So, the initial impression was ependymoma with spinal cord compression. Other differential diagnosis was astrocytoma, meningioma and hemangioblastoma.

Then the patient was admitted to surgical intensive care units and the operation was done for emergency decompression of the spinal cord. Laminectomy was performed from thoracic vertebrae T7 to T12 level with subtotal excision of the intradural extramedullary tumor. Intra-operatively, the tumor was found as yellowish, easy bleeding with a thin wall capsule and intra-tumoral hematoma.

Grossly, the specimen consisted of multiple pieces of gray white soft tumors measuring up to 1.8 \times 1 \times 0.5 cm. Microscopic findings showed a picture of schwannoma, composed of Antoni A areas and Antoni B areas (Fig.~\ref{fig:figure_1}). Hyalinization of the vessels and Verocay's bodies were noted.

Reoperation was done due to residual tumor being detected in the follow up MRI. After the operation, the neurological condition was not recovered. Paraplegia with myoclonus on left leg was found. So, he was consulted for rehabilitation. MRI obtained 6 months after surgery, revealed no residual or recurrent tumor.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{subfigure}{0.32\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{figure_1_1.pdf}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}{0.32\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{figure_1_2.pdf}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}{0.32\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{figure_1_3.pdf}
\end{subfigure}

\begin{subfigure}{0.32\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{figure_1_4.pdf}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}{0.32\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{figure_1_5.pdf}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}{0.32\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{figure_1_6.pdf}
\end{subfigure}

\caption{a. MR imaging of cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine showed long segmental intraspinal lesion from T7 to T12 with cord compression and intradural extramedullary heterogeneous lesion on sagittal T1 FLAIR with some bright signal intensities which showed hemorrhagic areas (arrows). b. Sagittal T2 showed heterogeneous signal intensity with foci of low signal intensity correlate with hemosiderin depositions (arrows). The spinal cord is compressed to the left side which showed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cleft adjacent to the upper and lower boundaries of the tumor (thick short arrow). c. Axial T2 showed spinal cord (thick short arrow) is compressed to the left side by the tumor (arrow) containing hemosiderin deposit. d, e. Sagittal and axial T1 fat suppression with contrast enhancement shows segmental enhancement of the lobulated lesion (arrows). f. Myelography showed the spinal cord is compressed with CSF cleft adjacent to the upper and lower boundaries of the tumor (thick short arrow).}
\label{figure_1}
\end{figure}
\title{Délibération n°2022-07-04-10}

Le Conseil d’Administration de l’Université de Montpellier, dans sa séance du 4 juillet 2022, sous la présidence de M. Philippe AUGÉ, Président de l’Université de Montpellier,

Vu le Code de l’Éducation, et notamment, l’article L 719-12, dans sa rédaction issue de la Loi n°2007-1199 du 10 Aout 2007 sur les Libertés et Responsabilités des Universités, et l’article D 711-1,

Vu la loi n° 87-571 du 23 juillet 1987 sur le développement du mécénat,

Vu le décret n°2008-326 du 7 juillet 2008, relatif aux règles générales de fonctionnement des Fondations universitaires,

Vu le décret n°2008-618 du 28 juin 2008, relatif au budget et au régime financier des établissements publics à caractère scientifique, culturel et professionnel bénéficiant des responsabilités et compétences élargies,

Vu la délibération de la modification des statuts de la Fondation Université de Montpellier en date du 17 novembre 2015,

Vu la décision n°2022-138-UM portant délégation de signature du président de l’Université de Montpellier à Monsieur Nicolas GIRAUDDEAU, président de la Fondation Université de Montpellier du 21 décembre 2021,

Vu les statuts de l’Université de Montpellier,

a délibéré :

\section{Objet}
Approbation de la convention de mécénat entre la Chambre Départementale des Huissiers de Justice de l'Hérault et l’Université de Montpellier au profit de la Chaire Sapientia de la Fondation Université de Montpellier.

Après s’être assuré du quorum, le Président indique que la Chambre Départementale des Huissiers de Justice de l'Hérault souhaite apporter son soutien aux formations préparant au concours de Commissaire de justice en effectuant une action de mécénat prenant la forme d’un versement de 2000 euros (deux mille euros), au profit de la Chaire Sapientia portée par la Fondation Université de Montpellier.

La convention a pour objet de définir les modalités de mise en œuvre du mécénat que la Chambre Départementale des Huissiers de justice de l'Hérault souhaite réaliser au profit de la Chaire Sapientia.

Le versement réalisé par la Chambre Départementale des Huissiers de Justice de l'Hérault sera affecté à la chaire Sapientia Bourse Commissaire de justice). La Fondation s'engage à ce que la somme versée par la Chambre Départementale des Huissiers de Justice de l'Hérault soit utilisée exclusivement pour contribuer au financement des actions prévues par la convention.

Suite à la présentation et aux débats qui s’en sont suivis, le Président de l’Université de Montpellier demande aux membres de se prononcer.

\subsection{Résultat du vote}
Membres en exercice : 36

Membres présents et représentés : 25

Membres n’ayant pas pris part au vote : 0

Suffrages valablement exprimés : 25

Pour : 25

Contre : 0

Abstention : 0

Ce projet de convention est approuvé à l’unanimité des membres du Conseil d’Administration.

Pour extrait certifié conforme,

Fait à Montpellier, le 5 juillet 2022.

Le Président de l’Université de Montpellier

Philippe AUGÉ
haven from which he might go and serve under the rich princes; but as his fleet and his people had such a shattered appearance, the inhabitants on the coast thought that they were pirates, and drove them away. At last they arrived at the Phoenician coast, one hundred and ninety-three years after Atland was submerged. Near the coast they found an island with two deep bays, so that there appeared to be three islands. In the middle one they established themselves, and afterwards built a city wall round the place. Then they wanted to give it a name, but disagreed about it. Some wanted to call it Fryasburg, others Neefturnia; but the Magyars and Finns begged that it might be called Thyrhisburg.

Thyr was the name of one of their idols, and it was upon his feast-day that they had landed there; and in return they offered to recognise Teunis as their perpetual king. Teunis let himself be persuaded, and the others would not make any quarrel about it. When they were well established, they sent some old seamen and Magyars on an expedition as far as the town of Sidon; but at first the inhabitants of the coast would have nothing to do with them, saying, You are only foreign adventurers whom we do not respect. But when we sold them some of our iron weapons, everything went well. They also wished to buy our amber, and their inquiries about it were incessant. But Teunis, who was far-seeing, pretended that he had no more iron weapons or amber. Then merchants came and begged him to let them have twenty vessels, which they would freight with the finest goods, and they would provide as many people to row as he would require. Twelve ships were then laden with wine, honey, tanned leather, and saddles and bridles mounted in gold, such as had never been seen before.

Teunis sailed to the Flymeer with all this treasure, which so enchanted the Grevetman of Westflyland that he induced
\title{Challenges in implementing CLT at secondary schools in rural Bangladesh}

\author{Md. Morshedul Alam \\ Department of English Language \& Literature, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh}

\begin{abstract}
This paper tries to identify the factors that hinder implementing Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in the secondary schools in rural Bangladesh. This article takes a qualitative approach, and it is carried out in four rural schools in Banshkhali, which is situated in Chittagong district in Bangladesh. Eight secondary level English language teachers were interviewed to generate data about the problems in implementing CLT in their respective institutions. The findings indicate several challenges that include: shortage of skilled teachers, unusually large class size, deficiency of modern materials used in CLT oriented classrooms, etc. This research may provide implications for the language policy makers and the practitioners for the improvement of CLT practices in the rural contexts of Bangladesh.
\end{abstract}

\noindent\textbf{Keywords} Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), Grammar Translation Method (GTM), CLT implementation, Secondary level, Rural schools in Bangladesh

\noindent\textbf{Paper type} Research paper

\section{Introduction}
In English language teaching, Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) came into being while Grammar Translation Method (GTM) failed to fulfill the needs and expectations of the policy makers around the world. During 1970s, some ELT practitioners and educators in Europe and North-America initiated CLT with the aim of promoting students' communicative skills \cite{Savignon_1987}. Due to the impact of globalization and the necessity for higher education in many overseas countries, where English is spoken as a second language, have adopted CLT to teach English to the secondary level students \cite{Zhu_2003, Yoon_2004}. CLT was introduced in Bangladesh during the 1990s. In Bangladesh, CLT was introduced through a Bangladesh-UK jointly funded project named: English Language Teaching Improvement Project (ELTIP). Eventually,
\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{subfigure}{0.9\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics{figure_1_1.pdf}
\end{subfigure}

\begin{subfigure}{0.9\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics{figure_1_2.pdf}
\end{subfigure}

\begin{subfigure}{0.9\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics{figure_1_3.pdf}
\end{subfigure}

\begin{subfigure}{0.9\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics{figure_1_4.pdf}
\end{subfigure}

\caption{NORMAL MAGNETOGRAMS}
\label{figure_1}
\end{figure}
\begin{table}[h]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|p{3cm}|p{6cm}|p{3cm}|p{2cm}|p{2cm}|p{2cm}|p{2cm}|p{3cm}|}
\hline
Professional Development Sub & The professional development sub makes use of instructional procedures and materials which are most suitable for attaining lesson goals, which allows the teacher to receive professional development. & Professional Learning, Direct Instruction & Implement & 09/05/2017 & 06/30/2020 & \$23000 & District and Building Leadership \\
\hline
Professional Development Sub & The professional development sub makes use of instructional procedures and materials which are most suitable for attaining lesson goals, which allows the teacher to receive professional development. & Professional Learning, Direct Instruction & Implement & 09/05/2017 & 06/30/2020 & \$23000 & District and Building Leadership \\
\hline
Positive School Climate/Culture Liaison & The Positive Climate/Culture Liaison will work in collaboration with leadership, parents and staff to coordinate and maintain systems to ensure a positive school climate for all members of the school community. & Behavioral Support Program, Parent Involvement, Community Engagement & Implement & 09/05/2017 & 06/30/2020 & \$22000 & Building Leadership \\
\hline
Positive School Climate/Culture Liaison & The Positive Climate/Culture Liaison will work in collaboration with leadership and staff to coordinate and maintain systems to ensure a positive school climate for all members of the school community. & Behavioral Support Program, Parent Involvement, Community Engagement & Implement & 09/05/2017 & 06/30/2020 & \$22000 & Building Leadership \\
\hline
Positive School Climate/Culture Liaison & The Positive Climate/Culture Liaison will work in collaboration with leadership and staff to coordinate and maintain systems to ensure a positive school climate for all members of the school community. & Behavioral Support Program, Parent Involvement, Community Engagement &  & 09/05/2017 & 06/30/2020 & \$23000 & Building Leadership \\
\hline
Positive School Climate/Culture Liaison & The Positive Climate/Culture Liaison will work in collaboration with leadership and staff to coordinate and maintain systems to ensure a positive school climate for all members of the school community. & Behavioral Support Program, Parent Involvement, Community Engagement & Implement & 09/05/2017 & 06/30/2020 & \$23000 & Building Leadership \\
\hline
i-Ready Diagnostic Assessment \& Intervention materials & i-Ready is a computer adaptive diagnostic assessment for K-8 students in math and ELA that provides interventions for students based on their level. & Other &  & 02/01/2017 & 06/30/2020 & \$0 & District and building leadership \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{table_1}
\end{table}
Internal distribution code:

(A) [ ] Publication in OJ \\
(B) [ ] To Chairmen and Members \\
(C) [ ] To Chairmen \\
(D) [X] No distribution

\section*{Datasheet for the decision of 15 April 2008}

Case Number: T 0767/06 -- 3.2.07

Application Number: 02790238.6

Publication Number: 1412545

IPC: C22B 3/04

Language of the proceedings: EN

Title of invention:

Method for improving metals recovery using high temperature pressure leaching

Applicant:

Phelps Dodge Corporation

Headword:

--

Relevant legal provisions:

EPC Art. 54, 84, 111(1), 123(2)

Relevant legal provisions (EPC 1973):

--

Keyword:

"Extension beyond content of application as originally filed (no)" \\
"Clarity (yes)" \\
"Novelty (yes)" \\
"Fresh case -- remittal to department of first instance for further prosecution (yes)"

Decisions cited:

--

Catchword:

--
g) Various external influences that affect an entity’s operations and practices, such as examinations by regulatory agencies.

The control environment reflects the overall attitude, awareness, and actions of the board of directors, management, owners, and others concerning the importance of the control environment and its emphasis in the entity.

The control environment is a primary component in the regulation of the gaming industry and affects the Division’s evaluation of gaming taxes paid and the integrity of casino operations. For example, the Division reviews cashier cage operations, yet the cashier cage operations do not have a direct impact on gaming tax revenues. However, these operations provide a strong reflection of the condition of the control environment because the cage is a focal point of casino operations: it is the repository for gaming revenues; gaming transactions flow through the cage; and access to sensitive gaming areas is restricted through the cage.

\section{KEY EMPLOYEES}

A key employee is any executive, employee, or agent of the licensee, having the power to exercise a significant influence over decisions concerning any part of the operation of the licensee. The requirements for having a key employee on duty are as follows:

\textbf{For Group A Licensees} – A key employee is not required to be on the licensee’s premises at all times, but must be available at all times gaming is being conducted. Available as defined by the Division is able to be present on the licensee’s premises within fifteen (15) minutes of any request.

\textbf{For Group B and C Licensees} – A key employee must be on the licensee’s premises at all times while open for the business of conducting limited gaming. For the purposes of this section, premise is defined as the gross building area as reflected on the casino’s gaming map. A key employee may go outside of the licensee premises within 5’ (five feet) of a door. For commonly owned casinos, physically connected by a wall with an opening between the casinos, key employees may go between the casinos.

See Terminology section for the definitions of Group A, Group B and Group C licensees.

\section{GAMING INDUSTRY BULLETINS}

Gaming Industry Bulletins are periodically distributed by the Division to licensees and other interested parties. Gaming Industry Bulletins are intended to address emerging issues that impact the regulation of the gaming industry or to clarify CLGR and/or ICMP. Gaming Industry Bulletins may also be used to provide guidance to licensees on new requirements deemed necessary by the Division. It is the responsibility of each licensee to maintain and distribute this information to its employees. Copies of these bulletins may be obtained from the Division’s website at www.colorado.gov/pacific/enforcement/gaming/Laws and Regulations.
There are no agendas for 1983 available for review. Please refer to the minutes of 1983 for information on City Council meetings during this year.

You can find and search the minutes by selecting this link.
\title{Wave Packet Enriched Finite Elements for Multiphysics Wave Propagation Problems in Solids}
\author{Amit Kumar (2013AMZ8001)}

\begin{abstract}
The analysis of wave propagation in solids is desired in a number of applications, for example, impact response, characterization of elastic waves for nondestructive evaluation (NDE), guided waves for structural health monitoring (SHM) of thin-walled structures, tremor propagation through ground and thermal shock waves in elastic and piezoelectric components. The finite element method (FEM), which is otherwise a robust numerical tool for solving boundary value problems, has been found wanting in case of different classes of wave propagation problems due to either prohibitively large computational efforts required or errors like numerical dispersion, dissipation and Gibbs phenomenon, introduced in the solution. The various non-conventional finite element methods proposed in the literature suffer from limitations such as the lack of generality of the standard FEM, requirement of prior knowledge of the type of solution, applicability for only a specific class of problems and involving computationally expensive inverse Laplace transform for time domain solution.

In this thesis, a new wave packet enriched finite element (FE) formulation is presented, which is capable of accurately solving a wide range of wave propagation problems in one and two dimensional elastic domains under narrowband and broadband excitations. The Lagrangian interpolation functions of the standard FEM are enriched with the local element domain spatial harmonic functions which satisfy the condition of partition of unity. The nodal displacements are used as the DOFs for the conventional Lagrangian interpolation, while the enrichment functions are made to vanish at the nodes. It allows prescription of boundary conditions in the same way as in the conventional FE method. The Newmark-$\beta$ implicit time integration is employed to solve the equations of motion in time domain. The method is assessed for different classes of wave propagation problems such as the impact and high-frequency guided wave propagation in bars and plates, and surface and body wave propagation in semi-infinite solid media for which the classical FE method either fails to yield accurate results or is prohibitively expensive. It is shown that the present formulation gives accurate solutions to the former and significant improvement
\end{abstract}