chengyewang/TexOCR-eval huggingface dataset:
uvážiť, pretože vybraným ukazovateľom budeme merať plnenie cieľa niekoľko rokov. Inými slovami, nie je vhodné meniť ukazovatele pre ten istý cieľ každý rozpočtový rok alebo dokonca počas rozpočtového roka, pokiaľ neexistuje relevantný dôvod (napr. ak má cieľ definovaný len jeden ukazovateľ a tento každý rok meníme, stráca sa podstata sledovania plnenia cieľa v čase). Navyše vhodne zvolený ukazovateľ umožní samospráve porovnávať plnenie cieľov v rámci jednotlivých subjektov navzájom.

\begin{itemize}
\item Je merateľný – ukazovateľ by mal byť samozrejme merateľný a kvantifikovateľný, aby bolo možné jednoznačne monitorovať a hodnotiť pokrok v plnení cieľa, resp. jeho plnenie či neplnenie.

\item Je kontrolovateľný – správnosť zistených hodnôt ukazovateľov by mala byť overiteľná a kontrolovateľná. Rovnako by mala byť overiteľná dôveryhodnosť zdroja a spôsob zberu údajov. Táto vlastnosť môže byť dôležitá z pohľadu hlavného kontrolóra mesta, ale aj z pohľadu verejnosti.

\item Je dostupný – pri voľbe merateľného ukazovateľa musíme zvážiť dostupnosť údajov a možnosť ich zberu. Je úplne zbytočné zvoliť pre meranie cieľa ukazovateľ alebo viacero ukazovateľov, ktorých hodnoty sú nedostupné.

\item Je nákladovo efektívny – to znamená, že náklady na zber údajov by nemali byť vyššie, ako je informačný prínos pre samosprávu a verejnosť. V opačnom prípade je nutné hľadať iné ukazovatele, ktorými je možné monitorovať a hodnotiť plnenie cieľa.
\end{itemize}

\textit{Pozn. Tvorbe merateľných ukazovateľov sa venuje aj školiaci materiál Prezentácie popisujúce postupy a procesy pri tvorbe programovej štruktúry a školiaci materiál Vzorové príklady tvorby základných prvkov programového rozpočtovania.}
dieser Fortsätze ist ein gutes Unterscheidungsmerkmal für einzelne Arten dieser Gruppe. (So fehlt z.~B. bei quadripunctata F. der äußere Fortsatz; der Rand der Valve ist an dieser Stelle etwas vorgezogen und abgerundet.) Charakteristisch und für die Artunterscheidung wichtig ist die Ausbildung des oberen Randes der Valve. Er weist 2 abgerundete Anhänge auf. Der untere scheint durch eine lange schleifenartige Faltung des oberen Randes gebildet zu sein. In den zweiten, ampullenartigen Anhang ragt ein Teil der schwach chitiniserten Harpe. An seiner Spitze stehen einige kurze aber kräftige Borsten. Das Tegumen ist oval, wenig länger als breit. Der bandartige Uncus verjüngt sich allmählich und endet mit scharfer Spitze.

Die Bewaffnung des Penis ist verhältnismäßig schwach. In der Mitte fällt ein stärker chitinisierter Streifen, aus dicht stehenden Dornen gebildet, auf. Eine Gruppe mehr zerstreut stehender Dornen befindet sich am Ende des Rohres.

In diese Gruppe gehört von den im Niederelbegebiet vorkommenden Arten neben selini B. noch quadripunctata F., von anderen europäischen Arten z.~B. flavirena Guen.

Eine dritte Gruppe bilden taraxaci Hb., alsines Brahm, respersa Hb. und ambigua F. Der Genitalapparat von taraxaci Hb. möge als Beispiel für diesen Typ dienen (Figure~\ref{figure_3}).

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics{figure_3.pdf}
\caption{Abb. 3 Cxr. (Athetis) taraxaci Hb. (Finkenwärder).}
\label{figure_3}
\end{figure}

Die Valven sind stark einwärts gebogen. Am Ende fällt der mit dichtem Haarbesatz bedeckte Cucullus auf. Sein äußerer Rand
of the equality of force electrical and magnetic components $F_e = F_g$ and the equality of the distances $r_{e0}$ and $r_{g0}$ between the electrical and magnetic charges, respectively:

\begin{equation}
r_{e0} = r_{g0} = 0.5L_{q0} = 0.37 \cdot 10^{-25}\, \text{m}
\tag{2.9}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\left\{
\begin{array}{l}
F_e = \dfrac{1}{4\pi \varepsilon_0} \dfrac{e^2}{r_{e0}^2} = 1.6 \cdot 10^{23} \, \text{N} \\
F_e = F_g \\
F_g = \dfrac{\mu_0}{4\pi} \dfrac{g^2}{r_{g0}^2} = 1.6 \cdot 10^{23} \, \text{N}
\end{array}
\right.
\tag{2.10}
\end{equation}

The solution of the system (2.10) is obtained under the condition $\varepsilon_0 \mu_0 C_0^2 = 1$

\begin{equation}
g = \sqrt{\frac{1}{\varepsilon_0 \mu_0}}\, e = C_0 e
\tag{2.11}
\end{equation}

It may be seen that only when the parameters of the electrical and magnetic components inside the quanton are equal, in particular for the Coulomb forces (2.10), the relationship (2.11) between the values of the elementary magnetic and electrical charges corresponds to the previously determined relationship (2.6). Shorter distances between the charges inside the quanton determine colossal attraction forces (2.10) which characterise the quantised space-time by colossal elasticity.

Thus, the electromagnetic symmetry of the quanton determines the relationships (2.6) and (2.1) and also the correspondence of these relationships to the Maxwell equations (2.3) and the Coulomb law (2.10). The Dirac relationship (2.2) does not correspond to (2.3) and (2.10), is not written in the SI system and uses the procedure based on the unambiguous yield of the phase of the wave function of the electron whose parameters include not only the elementary electrical charge $e$ but also other parameters, which determine the wave properties of the electron in the quantised space-time. It should be accepted that as regards the procedure, Dirac made an error but this does not reduce role in the investigations of the magnetic monopole. In the pure form, the monopole elementary electrical and magnetic charges are included only in the structure of the quanton, and the analysis of the properties of the quanton yielded the true relationships (2.6) and (2.11).

In fact, the forces (2.10) inside the quanton are colossal in magnitude
of his territory to be administered by the British Government, who undertook out of the revenues to provide a so-called allowance for him. The last treaty on this head was made in 1853; but the territories then ceded for that purpose made such rapid progress under British rule that the revenues were in excess of what was needed to support the contingent. Accordingly, Lord Dalhousie gave back a part of the ceded territory, and Lord Canning gave back all of it, except Berar. It is reported that to get back Berar also is one of the aims of Sir Salar Jung in his present visit to England. The excuse for requiring territory was that the affairs of the Nizam were so badly managed that the British Government, without material guarantee, could not be sure of getting enough to support the contingent it undertook to provide; and now that Sir Salar Jung has put the revenues of the Nizam into a state of great prosperity, he not unnaturally thinks that the British Government does not need any territory as a guarantee for payment. The use made of the contingent is to serve as a direct act of interference on a large scale in the administration of the internal affairs of the Nizam to which the superior Power has found itself driven. The revenue of several districts had been farmed to middlemen; oppression was extreme, and British officers had to be employed in putting down the resistance of despair. To avoid scandal, Sir Charles Metcalfe was sent as Resident, and he established a land settlement which gave peace and prosperity to the country, and has subsequently had the advantage of teaching capable natives, like Sir Salar Jung, what is the meaning and what are the conditions of good government.

The lesson sent by Sir Charles Metcalfe in 1820 survived only in the memory and traditions of a few when, in 1853, Sir Salar Jung was called as a lad of nineteen to fill the post, previously occupied by his uncle, of chief adviser to the Nizam. He found everything in confusion; the system of farming the revenue had again been introduced, and payment was enforced by the employment of mercenaries who sucked the life-blood out of the people. Sir Salar Jung set himself with unflinching resolution to bring in a new state of things, and he had already done much when the terrible crisis of the Mutiny came to try his courage, and to give him the opportunity of deciding the momentous question whether the great Mahometan State of Hyderabad should side with or against the insurgents. If Hyderabad revolted, it was beyond doubt that all Southern India would revolt too; and when Delhi fell the Governor of Bombay telegraphed to the Resident of Hyderabad that if the Nizam went, all was over. But the Nizam remained faithful, and that he so remained, in opposition to the earnest wishes of a powerful body of his subjects, was due to Sir Salar Jung, General Hill, who, as having commanded the Hyderabad Contingent, is
\section{Film Choice}
\textit{Laurence Phelan}

Billy, might wonder where the sweetness lay. Annual seaside holidays in Rothesay provides one of his Proustian memories in this concluding half of his memoir, which twined woolly swimming trunks and "the poetry of swearing".

\subsection{Big Fat Quiz Of Everything}
9pm, Channel 4

Following Christmas Eve’s Big Fat Quiz Of The Year, celebrity question-setters Jon Snow and Charles Dance (among others) tickle the smart kids’ general knowledge of much trivia — her QI drinking game in handy here — Joe Lycett, Katherine Ryan, David Baddiel, Frank Skinner and Big Narstie. Jimmy Carr asks questions that range from Polish film titles to Digger the Crab.

\subsection{Film of the Day: The Wolf of Wall Street}
9pm, More4

(Martin Scorsese, 2013)

Scorsese’s last feature film is adapted from an unrepentant tell-all memoir by Jordan Belfort (played by Leonardo DiCaprio), left, a cocksure but legally shady and morally repugnant founder of an upstart brokerage firm, who, before he was eventually brought low by an FBI investigation in the late 90s, amassed more wealth than Croesus would have known what to do with. It is an exhilarating, exhausting three-hour audiovisual bacchanalia of obscene conspicuous consumption, prostitutes and strippers, yachts and helicopters, drugs, sex and more drugs. And it is late-period Scorsese’s flashiest, funniest work by some margin.

\subsection{What We Did On Our Holiday}
10.50pm, BBC2

(Andy Hamilton, Guy Jenkin, 2014)

A sweet domestic comedy from the makers of the sitcom Outnumbered, viewed from the children’s focus but involving the divorce of parents Rosamund Pike and David Tennant and a dead granddad Billy Connolly.

\subsection{Mad Max}
9pm, TCM

(George Miller, 1979)

The tale of little exploitation flick that made Mel Gibson plays a cop patrolling the highways of a post-apocalyptic future in a supercharged Ford Falcon GT, and grimly chasing down a biker gang with revenge in mind.

\section{On Demand}

\subsection{My Brilliant Friend}
Now, TV\&Sky Box Sets

Elena Ferrante’s novel adaptation growing up in 50s Naples brought vividly to life.

\subsection{The Marvelous Mrs Maisel}
Amazon Prime

Rachel Brosnahan returns in a triumphant second season of the tuxedoed comedy.

\subsection{The Innocent Man}
Netflix

True-crime series looks at murders in 80s Oklahoma.
\title{An Odyssey into 21st century Nigeria}
\author{Lucy Scholes}

\section{}
\textit{An Orchestra of Minorities} by Chigozie Obioma (Little, Brown, £14.99).

Nigerian author Chigozie Obioma's first novel, \textit{The Fishermen}, announced him as a major new talent when it made the Man Booker shortlist back in 2015. In it, Obioma elevated the ordinary sibling rivalry between four brothers living in a small town in western Nigeria to the dizzying heights of Greek tragedy. A similar act of transformation can be found in his impressive, epic second novel, the misadventure of one Chinonso Solomon Olisa, a humble 26-year-old poultry farmer in the Nigerian city of Umuahia.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics{figure_1.pdf}
\caption{Updating a classic: Obioma blends the Homerian with the Igbo myth.}
\label{figure_1}
\end{figure}

One day, while driving home from the market where he has purchased some new birds for his flock, Chinonso comes across a woman about to throw herself from a highway bridge. He grabs her away from the ledge, a small act of kindness that will change the course of both their lives. The young woman, a trainee pharmacist whose name is Ndali, is so struck by this intervention that she changes her mind. Chinonso drives her home, uncertain about what he has done, only knowing that he has done something out of the ordinary.

Ndali and Chinonso soon fall in love. They want to get married, but her family—who are much wealthier than Chinonso, and are perturbed by his lack of formal education—do everything in their power to foil the lovers' plans. Thus, when an old school friend of Chinonso's reappears in his life, claiming he will help him enrol in a university in Cyprus, Chinonso, a man of instinct and passion, rashly decides to sell all his poultry and possessions to fund the plan.

In \textit{The Fishermen}, Obioma knitted together Aristotelian tragedy with the oral storytelling traditions of the Igbo culture; here he again returns to that wellspring. The narrative of \textit{An Orchestra of Minorities} owes much to Homer's \textit{Odyssey}. Chinonso's experiences abroad during his years of wandering echo the long-suffering journeys of Odysseus. But Obioma blends these elements with the Igbo folklore of the \textit{chi}, a guardian spirit that watches over a person in Igbo cosmology. The voice of the \textit{chi} functions almost like a Greek chorus, observing and narrating the unfolding tragedy.

Obioma's interest in examining the tension between fate and self-determination also runs throughout the novel. Poor, unfortunate Chinonso finds himself repeatedly wronged by circumstance and by others. His attempts to better his life lead him instead into betrayal, injustice and suffering. Darkness gradually enters his life, spreading in ways that feel both inevitable and tragic.

Where brotherly conflict drove the drama of \textit{The Fishermen}, here Obioma turns to a different kind of struggle: the individual battling powerful social forces, class divisions and personal misfortune. The result is an ambitious and emotionally charged novel that confirms Obioma as a writer of remarkable talent.
\section{Methods}

\subsection{Study design and participants}

We did this three parallel group, randomised controlled trial in Auckland, New Zealand. First randomisation was on Sept 6, 2011, and last follow-up was on July 5, 2013. The published protocol describes procedures in detail.\cite{13} In brief, people were eligible if they were aged 18 years or older, had smoked ten or more cigarettes per day for the past year, wanted to stop smoking, and could provide consent. We recruited via community newspapers, inviting people to call the study centre for eligibility prescreening, done by research assistants, who also completed follow-up assessments. We excluded pregnant and breastfeeding women; people using cessation drugs or in an existing cessation programme; those reporting heart attack, stroke, or severe angina in the previous 2 weeks; and those with poorly controlled medical disorders, allergies, or other chemical dependence. Participants were mailed study information, and consent forms to sign and return. The Northern X Regional Ethics Committee approved the study (Number NTX/10/11/111); the Standing Committee on Therapeutic Trials approved the use of nicotine e-cigarettes because they were not permitted for sale in New Zealand, but could be imported for personal use or research.

\subsection{Randomisation and masking}

Callers who met the inclusion criteria and gave demographic details and information about nicotine dependence (Fagerström test for nicotine dependence [FTND]\cite{14}) were randomised by the study statistician (VP) in a 4:4:1 ratio to nicotine e-cigarettes, patches, or placebo e-cigarettes.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics{figure_1.pdf}
\caption{Trial profile. 11 protocol violations occurred in the nicotine e-cigarettes group (three pregnancies, seven no biochemical validation, one undisclosed medication ineligibility). 11 protocol violations occurred in the patches group (four pregnancies, four no biochemical validation, three undisclosed medication ineligibility). Three protocol violations occurred in the placebo e-cigarettes group (one no biochemical validation, two undisclosed medication ineligibility). ITT=intention to treat.}
\label{figure_1}
\end{figure}
데이터 수집 보드의 모델은 NI USB-6008 DAQ 보드를 사용하였다.

\subsection{2.2 클라이언트측 모듈}
그림 2는 PDA Unit의 설계 구조를 나타내고 있다. 서버측에서 RS-232C를 통해 각 장치의 데이터를 수집하고, PDA Unit에서 무선의 TCP/IP 프로토콜을 통해서 데이터 처리를 수행한다. 처리된 데이터는 실시간으로 PDA에 디스플레이하고, 사용자는 PDA를 통해서 각 장치에 대한 제어 명령을 서버측으로 전송한다.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics{figure_6.pdf}
\caption{PDA Unit의 설계 구조}
\label{figure_6}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics{figure_3.pdf}
\caption{원격 장치 데이터 모니터링 수행 절차}
\label{figure_3}
\end{figure}

따라서 클라이언트측의 PDA 장치에서 서버측의 컴퓨터에 접속하여 제어 명령을 송신하면 서버측 컴퓨터는 장치 데이터 송신 모듈을 통해서 제어 명령을 수신하고 수집한 데이터를 원격 PDA 디바이스 측으로 전송한다. 그리고 PDA 디바이스에서는 장치 데이터 수신 모듈을 통해서 수신 데이터를 획득하고 PDA 디바이스에 디스플레이 한다. 따라서 원격 장치 데이터 모니터링에 대한 수행 절차를 도식화한 것은 그림 3과 같다.

\section{III. 실험 결과}
본 논문은 Windows 2000 Server와 LabVIEW, HP iPAQ rw6100, 윈도우 포켓 PC 2003, 데이터 수집 보드인 NI USB-6008 DAQ을 이용하여 무선 PDA 기반의 원격 장치 데이터 모니터링 시스템을 구현하였다.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics{figure_8a.pdf}
\caption{서버측 모듈}
\label{figure_8a}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics{figure_4b.pdf}
\caption{서버측 모듈}
\label{figure_4b}
\end{figure}

실험 결과 그림 4(a)는 서버측 어플리케이션으로 "원격접속주소"인 무선의 PDA가 접속된 상태를 나타내고, 그림 4(b)는 PDA 어플리케이션에서 "Abort" 버튼을 선택했을 때의 상태 정보를 나타내고 있다. 그림 5(a)~그림 5(b)는 그림 4와
\title{A cross-sectional study of community-based maternal and child health interventions involving Women’s Health Volunteer Groups in rural Myanmar}

\author{Michiko Oguro, PhD \and Shigeko Horiuchi, PhD \\
Women’s Health and Midwifery, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo, Japan}

\begin{abstract}
\textbf{Objective:} This study identified the relationship between interventions with womens health volunteer groups in two Myanmar villages and maternal and child health outcomes. 

\textbf{Design and Sample:} This cross-sectional study included 188 women aged 15--49 years old with at least one $\leq$5-year-old child. The women were randomly selected from two control and two experimental villages. 

\textbf{Measures:} Data were collected via structured interview with a questionnaire based on the UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. 

\textbf{Results:} Logistic regression analyses confirmed that womens health volunteer group intervention was related to the participants receiving any antenatal care (OR: 6.99, $p$ $<$ .01) and having knowledge regarding danger signs during the perinatal period (OR: 15.08, $p$ $<$ .001), modern contraceptive methods (OR: 44.52, $p$ $<$ .001), acceptable first aid (OR: 14.04, $p$ $<$ .001), and malaria prevention (OR: 40.30, $p$ $<$ .001). A skilled midwife had the most significant relationship with patients receiving any antenatal care (OR: 65.18, $p$ $<$ .001). Distance from urban area negatively related to appropriate disposal of the childs stool (i.e., flushed in a latrine; OR: 7.51, $p$ $<$ .05). 

\textbf{Conclusions:} This study shows that womens health volunteer groups may positively affect the diffusion of the need to seek antenatal care and health knowledge in rural Myanmar. The importance of skilled midwives is also highlighted, especially in resource-limited settings.
\end{abstract}

\textbf{Key words:} community-based intervention, maternal and child health, participatory approach, lay health workers, program evaluation, Myanmar.

\section{Background}
More than 287,000 pregnant and parturient women die every year worldwide, and most of them live in rural areas of developing countries \cite{World_Health_Organization_2012}. Myanmar has a relatively high maternal mortality rate of 140 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in urban populations, which increases to 363 per 100,000 live births in rural populations \cite{Ministry_of_Health_Myanmar_2012}. Several reports have described the effectiveness of community mobilization via womens organizations in low-resource settings, where community residents act as core players in solving their own challenges \cite{Manandhar_2004,ORourke_HowardGrabman_Seoane_1998}. These womens group interventions use a participatory learning and action cycle guided by a facilitator, who leads a cycle of meetings to identify
\title{Revegetation of Non-Topsoiled, Orphan Bentonite Mine Spoil in Wyoming as Influenced by Organic and Inorganic Amendments}
\author{Kellie S. Moore, Edward J. DePuit, Gerald E. Schuman, James L. Meining, and Herbert G. Fisser}

\begin{abstract}
Revegetation of thousands of hectares of pre-law, abandoned bentonite minesoils in northeastern Wyoming has proven particularly difficult due to absence of topsoil and adverse physicochemical characteristics of spoil such as high clay content and sodicity. This paper presents 7th through 9th year findings of a project evaluating short and long-term effects of initially applied wood residue and N-fertilizer, and a later applied gypsum amendment on re-established vegetation. The initial benefits of higher rates of wood residue amendment (90 and 135 Mg/ha) to revegetation generally persisted through the 9th growing season, as did certain effects of initial N-fertilization within residue-amended treatments. Surface application of 56 Mg/ha of gypsum during the 6th year to ameliorate sodicity significantly enhanced plant growth during the 7th through 9th years. Findings thus supported the desirability of applying wood residue, N-fertilizer, and gypsum amendments in combination and at proper rates for effective revegetation of bentonite mine spoils.

Additional Key Words: Soil amendments, abandoned mined lands, sodicity, gypsum, wood residues.
\end{abstract}

\section{Introduction}
Bentonite clay has been surface-mined extensively in northeastern Wyoming for over 50 years. Although presently mined areas are being reclaimed according to current laws, thousands of hectares of orphan spoils existed a decade ago that were abandoned in a derelict state prior to enactment of Wyoming's reclamation law in 1973. Natural revegetation of these lands has proven limited even after several decades \cite{Sieg_1983}. In light of this, reclamation of orphan bentonite spoil has been a major focus of the State of Wyoming's Abandoned Mined Land Program since 1985 \cite{Richmond_1989}.

Several characteristics of bentonite spoil make reclamation difficult \cite{Schuman_1984}, including high expanding clay and soluble salts (particularly Na) content. These characteristics lead to a dispersed soil system which results in poor structure, low water infiltration, and a high runoff potential. The standard practice of topsoiling to overcome spoil problems is usually infeasible on orphan bentonite mined lands because topsoil was not salvaged during pre-law mining operations, and because topsoil borrowing from undisturbed areas often is not economically or environmentally sound \cite{Richmond_1989}. Therefore, most efforts toward reclaiming these spoils have centered upon applying various organic and/or inorganic