chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: By a two-to-one margin, Rhode Islanders want to ban assault weapons and we have a very small percentage of gun owners in this state, less than 13 percent.
Speaker: linda finn
About the speaker: Linda D. Finn, a Democrat, was elected to the Rhode Island House of Representatives in 2012. A landscape designer, she represents District 72, which includes parts of Middletown and Portsmouth.
Date: March 18, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: legal issues;government regulation;public health;public safety;recreation;regulation;states;guns
Context: a speech during a rally at the Rhode Island state house
Fact-check justification: Rep. Linda Finn said, "By a two-to-one margin, Rhode Islanders want to ban assault weapons and we have a very small percentage of gun owners in this state, less than 13 percent." Finn's statement about how Rhode Islanders feel about the issue comes from a recent robocall poll that has not been confirmed by any other Rhode Island polls. Her statement on the rate of gun ownership in Rhode Island is based on very outdated studies. But we have not been able to find any more recent data to suggest the number has changed. Because Finn's statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, we rate it  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: If the Supreme Court throws out the federal health care law, it "would be an unprecedented, extraordinary step of overturning a law that was passed by a strong majority of a democratically elected Congress.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: April 2, 2012
Location: national
Topics: health care;legal issues;supreme court
Context: a Rose Garden press conference
Fact-check justification: That was a lot of Supreme Court history. First, let’s review Obama’s statement: "Ultimately, I am confident that the Supreme Court will not take what would be an unprecedented, extraordinary step of overturning a law that was passed by a strong majority of a democratically elected Congress." There’s simply no support for the assertion that the law was passed by a "strong majority." It was passed along party lines in a sharply partisan climate, and the 60 votes in the Senate were the minimum needed to keep Republicans from bottling it up in a filibuster. But the "unprecedented" idea is more nuanced. It’s without question that the Supreme Court overturning a law passed by Congress -- by any margin -- is a common and routine occurrence, and by no means without precedent. Volokh gave us a close analogy with the case of Boerne vs. Flores , a religious freedom law that glided through Congress but was held unconstitutional by a majority of the court, including two of its liberal justices. However, Obama’s elaboration a day later at least gives us more to think about. He argued that invalidation of the health care law would represent a court action unseen since the Great Depression on an issue that affects every American. Ornstein echoed that interpretation, saying that a ruling by the court which overturns a major social policy and challenges prior court rulings would be unprecedented. But we’re taking Obama literally, and that historical perspective was not reflected in his original statement, which is what we're ruling on. He simply said the law passed with a strong majority and overturning it would be unprecedented.  and . We rate the statement .
Statement: You said you went to Delaware State but you forgot the name of your college.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 29, 2020
Topics: debates
Context: First presidential debate
Fact-check justification: The university itself pushed back on conservative media outlets reporting that Biden falsely claimed to have attended the school.   For the record, Biden attended the University of Delaware.   We rate this  .   This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: We already have $23 billion worth of debt.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: June 2, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: state budget
Context: ABC News 27 interview
Fact-check justification: Scott said he thought about the state's $23 billion debt as he weighed whether to veto certain programs. We verified that figure with the Division of Bond Finance's most recent estimate, and experts consider the figure a street convention to describe the debt. We rate his  .
Statement: It was allowed," referring to her email practices.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: May 26, 2016
Location: national
Topics: homeland security;technology
Context: an interview on ABC
Fact-check justification: Regarding her decision to use a private email server, Clinton said, "It was allowed." No one ever stopped Clinton from conducting work over her private email server exclusively. But that’s not the same thing as it being allowed. Offices within the State Department told an independent inspector general that if she had asked, they would not have allowed it. The report from the State Department’s Office of the Inspector General shatters one of Clinton’s go-to phrases about her email practice. We rate her  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/4b4db57e-35dc-448b-90e4-fb3a1cbbb333
Statement: Says Barack Obama "supported Ted Kennedy's ammo ban to outlaw all deer-hunting ammunition.
Speaker: national rifle association
About the speaker: An advocacy group that fights restrictions on the right to bear arms.
Date: June 12, 2012
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: a mailer
Fact-check justification: In its best light, the NRA  is cherry-picking an extreme, worst-case interpretation of an amendment proposed by Massachusetts Sen. Ted Kennedy. But even if you accept the NRA’s rationale -- which we do not -- the group fails to prove that Obama supports a ban on "all deer-hunting ammunition." It’s entirely possible Obama voted for Kennedy’s amendment and still would have opposed a ban on deer-hunting ammunition. (For the record, there’s no  of Obama acting on a deer-hunting ammunition ban during his first term as president.) Moreover, it’s worth noting that the use and possession of armor-piercing ammunition for handguns is not a federal crime. That would not have changed if Kennedy’s amendment passed. The NRA says Barack Obama "supported Ted Kennedy’s ammo ban to outlaw all deer-hunting ammunition." We rate that  .
Statement: General Motors is sending Mexican made model of Chevy Cruze to U.S. car dealers-tax free across border.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 3, 2017
Location: national
Topics: economy;trade
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump tweeted, "General Motors is sending Mexican made model of Chevy Cruze to U.S. car dealers-tax free across border." That’s accurate for 4,500 Chevy Cruze hatchbacks made in Mexico and sold in the United States in 2016. That was about 15 percent of all Cruze hatchbacks produced in Mexico last year for global markets.  NAFTA provisions allow the tax-free imports of autos from Mexico. It’s worth pointing out extra context that Chevy Cruze sedans sold in the United States are built in GM’s assembly plant in Lordstown, Ohio. The sedan is more than 40 times as popular among American buyers as the hatchback. Trump’s statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate it . After the Fact After publishing this check, readers reached out telling us some Chevy Cruze sedans have also been imported from Mexico to sell in the United States. We asked General Motors about it, since their statement in response to Trump's tweet said all Cruze sedans sold in the United States are built in General Motors' assembly plant in Lordstown, Ohio. In a follow-up email, a General Motors spokesperson said, "In the fourth quarter of 2016 we built some sedans in Mexico (and shipped to the U.S) to help support the launch of the Lordstown plant with the new Cruze (that was announced and reported on last summer) – about 8,000 total. So some of those are still in inventory in the U.S., but the only Chevrolet Cruze models being built in Mexico now for the U.S. market are the hatchbacks." The approximate 8,000 sedans were sold to dealers in 2016 "and most were probably sold to consumers," General Motors spokesperson Patrick Morrissey said.
Statement: 41,200 veterans in Florida "don't have health care because Scott didn't expand Medicaid.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: May 23, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: health care;medicaid;veterans
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Crist said in a tweet that 41,200 veterans in Florida "don’t have health care because Scott didn’t expand Medicaid." Crist’s tweet linked to a map that cited the Urban Institute study showing the number of uninsured veterans in each state that might qualify for the Medicaid expansion. Crist’s tweet omits two major points: Some of those 41,200 veterans could get health care other ways. It’s possible some are eligible for services through the VA but for a variety of reasons haven’t sought those benefits. Also, Scott’s not solely responsible for Florida failing to expand Medicaid. After Scott opposed the expansion, he came out in support of it in February 2013. But Scott didn’t lobby for it, and the Legislature rejected it last year. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Nancy Pelosi spent "$497 Million on office renovations" during the government shutdown.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: January 27, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a story
Fact-check justification: A story claims that Pelosi spent almost $500 million on office renovations during the shutdown is making the rounds on social media. We traced the article’s original source to a satire website that is known for publishing  stories and there are no credible sources to back up this . We rate it !
Statement: Video shows a Senate committee hearing witness who "cries to Josh Hawley for 'no jailtime.'
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 9, 2023
Topics: after the fact
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The footage in the post is from an Oct. 21, 2021, Senate Homeland Security Governmental Affairs Committee hearing . The gathering lasted for more than two hours, but this particular clip — nearly 12 minutes long — shows Sen. Josh Hawley, R-Mo., questioning Allison Lerner , chair of the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency , an independent body within the executive branch. The hearing focused on the independence of federal inspectors general , whose goals are to combat waste, fraud and abuse within their agencies. Hawley asked Lerner about allegations of misconduct by Department of Homeland Security employees, but he never said "the IG is corrupt," nor did Lerner raise the prospect of jail. We rate claims that she cried to Hawley for no jail time .
Statement: We know that Saudi Arabia started al-Qaida.
Speaker: bob graham
About the speaker: Bob Graham is a former Democratic governor and U.S. Senator from Florida.
Date: April 24, 2016
Location: national
Topics: terrorism
Context: an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Graham said, "We know that Saudi Arabia started al-Qaida." Al-Qaida was started in an effort, largely backed by Saudi Arabia, to force the Soviet Union out of Afghanistan. The government did not, strictly speaking, create the organization. It was the product of jihadists wanting to continue the fight after the Soviets left, using the funds of Saudi backers to do it. It prospered because of donations from Saudi interests, including groups tied to the government. The Saudis deserve significant responsibility for its existence. But Graham's phrasing could leave people believing the Saudi government itself created the terrorist organization. The  is fuzzier, and the caveats are important. So we rate the statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/c651dc1e-3467-4404-96a7-78286af7f362
Statement: Says the Obama administration "didn't lock people up in cages.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: September 12, 2019
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a Democratic debate
Fact-check justification: Biden said the Obama administration "didn't lock people up in cages." Immigration policies of Obama and Trump are very different. Trump’s administration implemented a policy that led to the separation of thousands of children from their parents. Obama did not have that policy. But for Biden to say that Obama’s administration did not put people in cages is . Obama and Biden in 2014 saw an influx of children arriving at the border without a parent or guardian, and reporting from 2014 by the Arizona Republic referred to a chain-link enclosure holding children as "cages." A former Homeland Security secretary under the Obama administration in interviews has acknowledged that some have described as "cages" the enclosures used during Obama’s tenure. There’s a debate on whether a chain-link enclosure is a "cage" and whether applying that term to those structures is subjective. But the term certainly was used in 2014 to describe enclosures used by Obama’ administration. We rate Biden’s  .
Statement: Says border fencing finished near El Paso in 2010 dramatically curtailed illegal crossings, local crime and drug smuggling.
Speaker: paul sperry
About the speaker: Paul Sperry, former Washington bureau chief for Investor's Business Daily, writes commentaries for the New York Post.
Date: January 13, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a commentary
Fact-check justification: Sperry wrote that the fencing finished near El Paso in 2010 dramatically curtailed illegal crossings, local crime and drug smuggling. Such crossings evidently plunged after the fencing was built (though they later rebounded a bit) and it could be that drug smuggling fell off as well. Yet this  fails to account for El Paso's violent crime rate trending down long before the fencing went up nor does it acknowledge other factors affecting security including a pre-1995 shift in enforcement strategy and stepped-up Border Patrol staffing. We give the fencing some, not all, credit and rate this statement .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says Donald Trump once suggested that he "would try to negotiate down the national debt.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: September 26, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;debt;deficit;economy;federal budget
Context: a Presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Clinton said Trump one time suggested that he "would try to negotiate down the national debt." In two separate interviews in May, Trump suggested that he could do something to negotiate federal debt through "discounting" and that he would "refinance debt" and "buy back debt on — at a discount." He backtracked after criticism, saying his words had been misinterpreted. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Jim Renacci "opposed increasing combat bonuses for our troops.
Speaker: democratic congressional campaign committee
About the speaker: The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee is responsible for assisting Democratic candidates for the U.S. House.
Date: October 24, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: federal budget;message machine 2012;military
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: The  is based on Renacci’s vote on a "motion to recommit" that preceded a final vote on military pay. Such motions are routinely denied by the majority party as procedural moves. That gives the minority party the chance to structure them for partisan advantage. That’s what is playing out in the ad now. On the -O-Meter, the  rates .
Statement: Marco Rubio voted against authorizing President Obama to strike Syria after Assad used chemical weapons on his own people.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: January 4, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;congress;history;foreign policy;terrorism
Context: a posting on the Clinton website
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "Marco Rubio voted against authorizing President Obama to strike Syria after Assad used chemical weapons on his own people." Rubio did vote against the specific resolution for an airstrike campaign, explaining he was "unconvinced it will work." But he supported a subsequent plan for the United States to help moderate Syrian rebels lead the fight, an idea he had been promoting for a while. The Clinton statement suggests a reluctance by Rubio to intervene in Syria when, in fact, it's the type of involvement that's at issue. The statement is accurate, but needs additional information. We rate it .
Statement: George Floyd and COVID-19 "never existed.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 21, 2022
Topics: race and ethnicity;public health;public safety;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: He was killed by Derek Chauvin, then a Minneapolis police officer, after Chauvin kneeled on his neck for more than nine minutes on May 25, 2020. Chauvin was convicted of murder and manslaughter in the death.   COVID-19, meanwhile, has infected more than 565 million people around the world as of July 22, according to the World Health Organization , and caused the deaths of more than 6 million people.   Since its outbreak in Wuhan, China, in 2019, we’ve fact-checked dozens and dozens of  or flat-out  claims about the coronavirus, including that it or its variants are  .   We rate this post .
Statement: Last year, "we saw the first reduction in the federal prison population in 32 years.
Speaker: eric holder
About the speaker: Eric H. Holder Jr. was the Attorney General of the United States 2009-2015.
Date: February 17, 2015
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;criminal justice;crime
Context: remarks at the National Press Club
Fact-check justification: Holder said that last year, "we saw the first reduction in the federal prison population in 32 years." The statistics show that Holder is correct. While it’s worth noting that the state prison population wiped out that decline, Holder worded his  carefully, and federal prisons are the only ones in his portfolio. So we rate it . Correction, Feb. 24, 2015, 10:30 a.m.: An earlier version of this article said that a policy change that retroactively reduced sentences for certain prisoners convicted on drug charges played a role in the decline of the federal prison population in 2013. However, that policy change came in 2014 and is only going to affect populations in future years. The article has been updated to reflect this discrepancy. The change does not affect the ruling.