chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Eliminating earmarks "would make barely a drop in the bucket with regard to the national debt, the deficit.
Speaker: bob barr
About the speaker: Former Congressman Bob Barr was the Libertarian Party's presidential nominee for 2008. Barr served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1995 to 2003. Currently he runs Liberty Strategies LLC, a consulting firm with offices in Atlanta and Washington, D.C.
Date: May 12, 2008
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: Washington, D.C
Fact-check justification: According to an Office of Management and Budget tally, earmarks totaled $17-billion in fiscal 2007, only about 10 percent of the deficit that year. Admittedly, that's after earmarking dropped considerably following the congressional lobbying scandals of 2005 and 2006. But even at their peak in 2005, when earmarks hit $52-billion, according to the Congressional Research Service and the OMB, that was only 16 percent of that year's deficit of $318-billion. Whether Barr's statement is  or not, then, depends on how you define "drop in the bucket." We'd say that Barr's pretty much correct, so we grade his statement .
Statement: NATO (under direction from the United States) is violating previous agreements and expanding eastward.
Speaker: candace owens
About the speaker: Candace Owens is a conservative commentator, author and host on the Daily Wire. She formerly worked as a spokeswoman for Turning Point USA. She started Blexit, an effort to get black voters to leave the Democratic Party. She previously co-founded the website Degree180.
Date: February 22, 2022
Topics: history;foreign policy;pundits;punditfact;ukraine;russia
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Owens said, "NATO (under direction from the United States) is violating previous agreements and expanding eastward." There is an ongoing historical debate over comments that Western leaders, including Baker, made during post-Cold War negotiations, and whether what they said amounted to assurances that NATO would refrain from welcoming in countries closer to modern-day Russia.  But NATO as an organization made no such pledge, and the formal agreement signed at the end of those negotiations said nothing about the alliance not expanding eastward. We rate this  .
Statement: Says in his years as a Texas legislator, "we passed three pay increases for teachers and provided them with health insurance.
Speaker: paul sadler
About the speaker: Paul Sadler, a lawyer who previously worked with the Wind Coalition energy advocacy group, served in the Texas House from 1991 through 2003, an East Texas district around Henderson. He was his party's 2012 U.S. Senate nominee.
Date: January 27, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: a post on his campaign's Facebook page
Fact-check justification: Sadler played a pivotal role in ensuring several teacher pay raises and also was key to lawmakers giving school workers including teachers access to insurance benefits equal to those accorded state employees. However, contrary to Sadler’s Facebook wording, the latter development did not provide teachers with insurance. Nearly every Texas teacher had access to some kind of coverage before the 2001 action. Still, the Sadler-authored change gave every school employee access to insurance equivalent to state workers’ coverage. We rate Sadler’s  .
Statement: The World Health Organization has been working since 1974 on vaccines to create permanent sterility.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: January 9, 2023
Topics: health care;science;facebook fact-checks
Context: a video shared on Instagram
Fact-check justification: An Instagram video claimed, "the World Health Organization has been working since 1974 on vaccines to create permanent sterility." PolitiFact found no  to support this . A WHO task force researched contraceptive vaccines and helped create an anti-HCG vaccine designed to temporarily prevent the production of a hormone that supports a pregnancy. But that’s not the same as sterilization.  Sterilization is permanent and irreversible; the anti-HCG vaccine’s effect was temporary. We rate this  . PolitiFact researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this report. RELATED: No, the COVID-19 vaccines are not weapons of mass destruction
Statement: A photo of a horse being pulled through a scorched ranch is from the Australia wildfires.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 4, 2020
Topics: animals;fake news;fires;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We tracked down the image through a reverse-image search and found that it is a real photograph, but it shows a scene from California in late 2019.   The picture was taken by photographer Étienne Laurent on Oct. 30, 2019, in Simi Valley, Calif. In the photo’s original caption, Laurent says that horses were being evacuated from a burning ranch as the Easy Fire spread near Simi Valley, which sits north of Los Angeles. The image does not have a caption that says its from Australia, but it’s included in a gallery post that does. For that reason, we rate it .
Statement: Eighty percent of the school tax bills in the state of Pennsylvania went up over last year.
Speaker: scott wagner
About the speaker: PA State senator and gubernatorial candidate
Date: August 2, 2017
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: education;taxes
Context: a campaign video
Fact-check justification: In what he described as an "educational video" posted to his campaign website, state Sen. Scott Wagner, running for governor in 2018, said "80 percent of the school tax bills in the state of Pennsylvania went up over last year." Of the state’s 500 school districts, 332 responded to a survey and, of those, 70 percent indicated they anticipated raising property taxes in the 2017-18 school year. But there’s been no comprehensive data officially released by the state showing the number of districts that actually approved property tax hikes this year. Wagner’s team indicated the gubernatorial candidate was acting on a "guess" when he threw out the 80 percent number in his campaign video. Lucky for him, that guess will likely end up being close. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Donald Trump "has said he wants to be neutral on Israel and the Palestinians
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: March 10, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: israel
Context: Miami
Fact-check justification: Cruz said Trump "has said he wants to be neutral on Israel and the Palestinians" Trump did make that statement during an MSNBC town hall in February. He has repeatedly said that in order to be an effective negotiator he believes he must approach the two sides with neutrality. But Cruz is omitting Trump’s comments and actions that have shown support for Israel, including that he endorsed Netanyahu. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says Prince invested in Nike in 1971, recruited Michael Jordan to the company in 1983 and designed the first Air Jordans.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 6, 2019
Topics: fake news;history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "In a world of creative performers, Prince was a genius. His impact not just on music, but on culture, truly can’t be measured. His songs inspired me throughout my career and remind me of so many moments from my life." But that comment does not mean Prince had anything to do with Jordan’s success with Nike. This  is full-on !
Statement: PolitiFact Texas says "Congressman Edwards' attacks on Bill Flores are false.
Speaker: bill flores
About the speaker: Bill Flores of Bryan was initially elected to the U.S. House in 2010. 
Date: September 28, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: ethics;message machine 2010
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: At the time that a narrator is evoking "the Austin newspaper," the screen shows the "Austin American-Statesman" nameplate, the PolitiFact url and a date: "September 26, 2010." Oops: Our review of Edwards' statement appeared in print and online Sept. 15. We informed Mackowiak of the date conflict. He later told us that the campaign had fixed the date and sent new copies of the ad to the outlets running the ads. While the Flores campaign is changing the ad, we'd suggest a new line for the narrator: "The Austin newspaper also finds this message to be only ."
Statement: A gas tax holiday is a gimmick that "every economist says will just go into the pockets of the oil companies.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: May 13, 2008
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: Cape Girardeau, Mo
Fact-check justification: In an interview, Perloff said they had studied a 20-year time frame, and cautioned that his findings might not provide an accurate picture of what would happen during a temporary, three-month gas holiday. William Polley, an assistant professor of economics at Western Illinois University who reviewed much of the relevant economic scholarship on his blog , wrote that "it is safe to say that we (economists) stand firm in agreement that this (gas tax holiday) is a bad, bad idea." But he also said: "The benefit to the consumer would probably not be literally zero." While Obama's statement accurately expresses the dominant view of the low worth of this gas tax proposal, he rhetorically overstates his point. For that, we rule .
Statement: US Army in Ukraine.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 17, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: There were 160 Florida National Guard troops training Ukraine’s military when Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin temporarily relocated them to Europe in February. And 3,000 more American troops from the 82nd Airborne were also deployed to Europe from Fort Bragg, North Carolina.   The National Guard has continued to support Ukrainian soldiers remotely, according to the Army. For example, a June article on the Army’s website shares how a Ukrainian soldier called a member of the Washington Army National Guard for help with a failed anti-tank missile.   But we rate claims that U.S. Army forces are stationed in Ukraine .
Statement: Sen. Sanders did vote five times against the Brady bill.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: October 13, 2015
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: the first Democratic debate
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "Sen. Sanders did vote five times against the Brady bill." Sanders voted against the Brady bill five times from 1991 to 1993. Sanders’ campaign manager told us in July that he did so because he was against a national waiting period and had to answer to the people of Vermont, a rural state with high gun ownership. Overall, Sanders has a mixed record when it comes to guns. But he did indeed register five nays on the Brady bill. We rate Clinton’s  .
Statement: Wendy Davis has already taken more $ from teacher unions than the past 3 Democrat gubernatorial candidates combined.
Speaker: republican party of texas
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Texas says it promotes a conservative government philosophy in the Lone Star state.
Date: April 11, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: campaign finance;education
Context: a tweet and chart
Fact-check justification: The Texas party said Davis has already taken more money from "teacher unions," meaning three teacher groups, than the previous three Democratic gubernatorial candidates combined and presented a chart purporting to show that. The tweet and chart turned out to mislead. Most of the cited teacher groups’ giving to Davis came during her campaigns for state Senate, not during her run for governor. Running for governor, Davis has attracted about $36,000 from two of the groups and nothing from the third. That total trails the $65,000 combined raised by two of the previous nominees in their respective gubernatorial bids. Regardless, the  has an element of . With career fund-raising factored in, Davis has topped the three previous Democratic gubernatorial nominees in support from the groups. Moreover, the party didn't mention a 2014 donation of $125,000 to Davis's campaign from a major teacher group. We rate this  as .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: It appears that the (Jacksonville) shooter was part of the Trump 'Resistance'.
Speaker: rush limbaugh
About the speaker: Rush Limbaugh is a conservative radio talk show host. His website describes him as "America's Truth Detector; the Doctor of Democracy; the Most Dangerous Man in America; the All-Knowing, All-Sensing, All-Everything Maha Rushie; defender of motherhood, protector of fatherhood and an all-around good guy."
Date: August 27, 2018
Topics: corrections and updates;punditfact;guns
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: Limbaugh said, "It appears that the (Jacksonville) shooter was part of the Trump 'Resistance'." Limbaugh’s comments were based on an article by the Gateway Pundit, which has since retracted its  about the shooter’s anti-Trump political leanings. We searched through articles about the perpetrator and found no  the shooting was politically motivated. We rate this  . Correction: This story has been updated to reflect that per NBC News, the shooter used the handle "Ravens2012champs" as a video game username, not a Reddit username.
Statement: Says Joe Biden "passed a tax bill that gave us all these privileges for depreciation and for tax credits. We built a building, and we get tax credits like the hotel on Pennsylvania Ave.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 29, 2020
Location: national
Topics: debates;economy;taxes
Context: the first 2020 presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Trump said Biden "passed a tax bill that gave us all these privileges for depreciation and for tax credits. We built a building, and we get tax credits like the hotel on Pennsylvania Ave." A 2009 provision enacted under Obama allowed losses to be used to reduce tax liability for up to five previous years. The Times reported that Trump used this provision to  a major tax refund. At the time, Biden was vice president. Other depreciation deductions and tax credits that Trump may have applied — including the decades-old tax credit for his hotel in Washington — are not clearly linked to Biden or to the 2009 provision that let Trump  his refund.  Overall, Trump’s  is partially accurate. We rate it .
Statement: David Perdue says he'll do everything in his power to make sure Joe Biden fails.
Speaker: jon ossoff
About the speaker: Jon Ossoff, a Democrat, is a U.S. Senator from Georgia. Ossoff is a former aide to Rep. Hank Johnson, D-Ga.
Date: November 17, 2020
Location: georgia
Topics: negative campaigning
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Ossoff claimed that Perdue "says he'll do everything in his power to make sure Joe Biden fails." We found no record of Perdue making such remarks about Biden. Perdue is campaigning as a final block against the Democrats’ agenda, but Perdue has focused on others in the Democratic Party such as Schumer and Ocasio-Cortez. We rate Ossoff’s  . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: David DePape "stripped down to his underwear, grabbed a hammer, and jogged all the way to Nancy Pelosi's house.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 31, 2022
Location: california
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Paul Pelosi was wearing "a loose-fitting pajama shirt and boxer shorts," San Francisco District Attorney Brooke Jenkins said during an Oct. 31 press conference . When DePape broke into the Pelosis’ residence, the complaint says, DePape had "zip ties, tape, rope, and at least one hammer with him." We found no  that DePape "jogged" to the Pelosis, as the post claims. The complaint says DePape lived in the garage of a residence in Richmond, California, which is at least a 16-mile journey by foot , including a ferry ride, to the Pacific Heights neighborhood where the Pelosis live . We rate claims that DePape stripped to his underwear and jogged to the Pelosis with a hammer .
Statement: Twitter removed this tweet from Donald Trump: "My blood IS the vaccine!!!!!
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 8, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We also searched an archive of Trump’s deleted tweets for the word "vaccine" on Facba.se but found none .   Searching more broadly online, we also found no news coverage about Trump claiming his blood was a vaccine, or articles about Twitter removing such a tweet. It’s unbelievable that Twitter deleting the tweet that appears in the Facebook post wouldn’t draw wide media attention. News outlets around the world have reported on past instances of the social media platform hiding tweets by the president.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: The Wawa Welcome America festival (features) . . . America's largest free concert.
Speaker: wawa welcome america
About the speaker: Philadelphia's Fourth of July celebration organizer
Date: April 13, 2017
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: recreation
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The original  in Wawa and Welcome America’s press release stated Wawa Welcome America features America’s largest free concert. Welcome America Spokesperson later reiterated in an email that the organization measures a variety of factors including length of the concert, whether it’s live and whether there is an unobstructed view of the stage throughout the crowd. She also revised the initial  and instead referred to the concert as the largest one in the US on Independence Day (which is still not totally accurate). Regardless, what we’re fact checking is the original statement from the press release. Philadelphia can certainly  it has a pretty huge Independence Day celebration, but Wawa Welcome America is definitely not the largest free concert in the United States. We rate this  as .
Statement: Says enrolling a student in a subsidized lunch program triggers an "at risk" designation, resulting in an extra $6,000 to $7,000 of state school aid per student.
Speaker: michael doherty
About the speaker: Michael Doherty is a Republican state Senator representing parts of Warren, Somerset and Hunterdon counties. He previously served in the state Assembly from 2002 to 2009.
Date: August 22, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a letter to the state’s acting education commissioner
Fact-check justification: The ruling Doherty said school districts receive an additional $6,000 to $7,000 in state aid for every student enrolled in a free or reduced-price lunch program. Doherty was right that more education funding is allocated for students who receive a subsidized lunch. Though the amount of that funding varies by district, we think Doherty’s statement is on point. We rate his  . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: As Houston's mayor, I helped our area lead the nation in job growth.
Speaker: bill white
About the speaker: Bill White, an author, is a San Antonio native who was mayor of Houston from 2004-2009. He was the 2010 Democratic nominee for governor of Texas.
Date: February 2, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: economy
Context: a questionnaire
Fact-check justification: It added more nonfarm jobs than any other state during that time — but still, fewer jobs than Dallas. By percentage, Houston boasted the second highest rate of nonfarm job growth (San Antonio was first) among the 10 biggest cities in the country. Houston was among the national leaders. But it wasn't No. 1. We rate White's statement as .
Statement: Mark Zuckerberg launched a platform last month "that allows each user to earn from $500 a day without even leaving home.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 5, 2023
Topics: technology;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: And in 2022, the Diem Association, a group Facebook organized to launch the digital currency, announced it would be "winding down," dissolving and selling off its intellectual property and other assets connected with the project. The blog post has a logo that resembles CNN’s website for business news, but it’s not affiliated with the news network. Further undermining these moneymaking claims: This post was published on a Facebook page that was created Dec. 15. And it’s not affiliated with the now-defunct Libra or Facebook.   We rate this post .