chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Gas will reach $4 a gallon under a cap-and-trade plan.
Speaker: energycitizens.org
About the speaker: EnergyCitizens.org is a coalition of business organizations, anti-tax groups and transportation companies that oppose a cap-and-trade plan.
Date: September 30, 2009
Location: national
Topics: environment;cap and trade;climate change;energy
Context: the Washington Post
Fact-check justification: It fails to mention that $4-a-gallon gasoline wouldn't be the norm until 2035 — if it ever is. The group also leaves out other important studies that predict smaller increases. For a serious case of cherry-picking, we rate the ad .    Editor's note: This statement was rated  when it was published. On July 27, 2011, we changed the name for the rating to .
Statement: Video shows that "George Soros is going bankrupt.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 18, 2023
Topics: bankruptcy;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Soros has already given $32 billion to the foundations and has indicated to The New York Times that his fortune will go to his family’s philanthropic efforts. Such a gesture hasn’t been highly regarded by Twitter owner Elon Musk, who recently tweeted that Soros "wants to erode the very fabric of civilization. "   But we found no credible sources suggesting that Musk revealed the philanthropist is going bankrupt.   We rate that  .
Statement: Recent solar energy policies in Georgia "have resulted in rate hikes and did not result in solar becoming any more economically viable.
Speaker: americans for prosperity: florida
About the speaker: Americans for Prosperity Florida is the Florida affiliate of a free-market group that fights "big government."
Date: March 10, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: energy
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Americans for Prosperity Florida said recent solar energy policies in Georgia "have resulted in rate hikes and did not result in solar becoming any more economically viable." The group admitted it meant to say Louisiana, which is having its own debate on the issue. But the program in Georgia is thriving. Part of Georgia's implementation plan was that using solar power wouldn’t affect rates, and it hasn’t, Georgia’s largest utility said. Louisiana did see a rate increase, but it doesn't seem to be specifically related to a solar initiative. The statement is completely . We rate it .
Statement: Hurricane 'Hanna' hitting Texas has blown over part of a border wall.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 27, 2020
Location: texas
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .)   U.S. Customs and Border Protection has said it’s not aware of any part of the border barriers falling over in the hurricane, according to a statement posted on its website.   Rather, the agency said, the video shows high winds that knocked over "several border wall panels that were pending additional anchoring" at a construction site near Deming, New Mexico, in June.   A spokesperson for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, which is overseeing the construction, told the Associated Press that the incident happened on June 5 when a "unexpected high wind gust" knocked over barrier panels.   We rate this post .
Statement: Patrick Murphy voted for Obamacare in 2010, "yet he reversed himself and voted to delay" the employer mandate and the individual mandate.
Speaker: americans for prosperity
About the speaker: Americans for Prosperity is a conservative group advocates for limited government, free markets and fiscal and regulatory restraint.
Date: July 23, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: health care;voting record
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Americans For Prosperity said in a press release: "Rep. Murphy voted for the law back in 2010, yet he reversed himself and voted to delay both the employer mandate (in keeping with President Obama’s decision) and the individual mandate." The group quickly admitted that Murphy of Florida wasn’t in Congress in 2010, so that part of the  is . While campaigning in 2012, Murphy said he was generally supportive of the law although he called for some changes. The group is also correct that Murphy voted to delay the employer and individual mandates, but their  leaves readers with a  impression that his voting record reflects flip flops. We rate this  .
Statement: The U.S. State Department has started a special immigrants visa "evacuation operation.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 20, 2023
Topics: immigration;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But there are other clues, too. The page is described as a "travel agency," for example, and scrolling through previous posts, urges people to contact them on their "Legit Whatsapp number. "  We sought formal confirmation about this post’s legitimacy from the federal agency that handles visa applications: the actual U.S. State Department. "This is not legit," a spokesperson there told us.   We rate this post .
Statement: The American Conservative Union gives [Rep. Tim] Ryan a dismal 0.0 percent rating for the billions he has contributed to our national debt.
Speaker: marisha agana
About the speaker: Marisha Agana is a Republican candidate for Congress from Ohio's newly drawn 13th Congressional District. She is a pediatrician from suburban Warren, Ohio.
Date: October 30, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: deficit;federal budget
Context: a news release announcing her candidacy
Fact-check justification: But for PolitiFact Ohio, simplicity should not come at the expense of accuracy. Agana’s statement is an exaggeration. Her words exclusively tagged Ryan, one of 435 congressional representatives, with adding billions of dollars to the debt. While there is some  at the core of her argument, Agana played too fast and loose with the facts. On the -O-Meter, her  merits a rating of .
Statement: I cut more as a percentage out of government than any state in the country this past decade. And where is Michigan in terms of its economic growth? Cutting did not result in economic growth.
Speaker: jennifer granholm
About the speaker: Jennifer Granholm, a Democrat, is the Energy Secretary in the Biden administration. She served two terms as governor of Michigan, from 2003 to 2011.
Date: July 31, 2011
Location: national
Topics: deficit;economy;states
Context: an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: There’s strong  supporting two of Granholm’s statistical claims -- that government spending has fallen faster in Michigan than in any other state, and that the state’s economic performance has been especially poor compared to other states. However, in the Meet the Press interview, Granholm was trying to use her experience as a governor to make a larger point about how cutting government "did not result in economic growth." She's probably correct that government cuts hampered her state's recovery, at least in the short term, but Michigan’s experience over the last decade suggests that the reverse is an even bigger factor -- that is, poor economic growth hurts tax revenues and, in turn, forces government cuts. This doesn’t mean that Granholm’s point is , but in trying to apply a state lesson to a federal problem, she’s ignored a key factor in how state fiscal policy works. On balance, we rate her statement .
Statement: Says "Joe Biden wants to ban 9mm pistols.
Speaker: national rifle association
About the speaker: An advocacy group that fights restrictions on the right to bear arms.
Date: November 25, 2019
Topics: guns
Context: a story
Fact-check justification: Among other measures, his gun control policies include: Banning the manufacture and sale of assault weapons and high-capacity magazines and initiating a buyback of these weapons; closing loopholes in the background check system and requiring checks on all gun sales; and ending the online sale of firearms and ammunitions. Biden has voted on amendments to ban certain rifles, guns considered assault weapons and semi-automatic weapons . But he has no record of supporting measures that would ban traditional pistols. We reached out to the NRA but did not receive a response. We rate this .
Statement: Says U.S. House candidate Carlos Curbelo "supported ending the Medicare guarantee.
Speaker: joe garcia
About the speaker: Joe Garcia, D-Miami, won the Congressional District 26 seat in Miami-Dade and Monroe counties in 2012 and lost re-election to Carlos Curbelo in 2014. He is running for the seat in 2016.
Date: September 5, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: medicare
Context: a Web ad
Fact-check justification: Garcia said "Curbelo supported ending the Medicare guarantee." The Democrats are hanging this  on a very weak thread: when asked about Ryan’s budget proposal which includes a Medicare overhaul Curbelo said, "While I have not fully reviewed this budget I'm inclined to support it." That statement sheds no light on Curbelo’s views on changing Medicare. Ryan’s plan would change Medicare but it wouldn’t end the guarantee that seniors get it when they hit a certain age. And Curbelo says he wants to reform Medicare in other ways that don’t involve Ryan’s premium-support plan. We rate this  .
Statement: Say Matt Wand cut Troutdale police, created a slush fund for himself.
Speaker: future pac (oregon house democrats)
About the speaker: Future PAC is the campaign committee for Oregon House Democrats.
Date: October 9, 2010
Location: oregon
Topics: ethics;crime;public safety
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: This attack on Wand’s character -- remember, he is pictured next to a slogan that reads "to protect and serve ... himself" -- shows a reckless disregard for the . Even in political advertising. This mailer is not only , it’s . We rate this .    Comment on this item.
Statement: Says a "Local Hero" was "arrested after killing 30 pedophiles in murder spree
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 8, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The  article does not cite a single source, besides simply "police say." And we searched the internet and news archives but didn’t find any credible reports of a man in Nebraska admitting to killing 30 pedophiles or registered sex offenders. As well, the picture of the man in the cruiser used to illustrate the story was actually taken years earlier and far away from Nebraska. The photo was uploaded by Chris Yarzab to Flickr in September 2008 with Glendale, California, as the tagged location. This  story is full-on !
Statement: No state in the country verifies United States citizenship as a condition for voting in federal elections.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: December 2, 2020
Topics: immigration;elections
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "No state in the country verifies United States citizenship as a condition for voting in federal elections." The kernel of  here is that the federal form to register to vote doesn’t require documentation to prove citizenship. But applicants who use that federal form, or register using state forms, must attest to being citizens. Voter registration forms warn applicants that signing the form with  information is a crime. There have been scattered cases of non-citizens who cast ballots, but among millions of votes cast they are statistically rare. Some states told us that they access federal or state databases to verify citizenship of voters. Such methods have sometimes erroneously flagged citizen voters. While they are not foolproof, they do contradict Trump’s  that no states verify U.S. citizenship for federal elections. We rate this statement .
Statement: The 2021 infrastructure bill requires all new vehicles to have kill switches that will stop vehicle operation and alert law enforcement when drivers are impaired.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 28, 2022
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021 mandated that within three years, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration must create technology to hinder people who are under the influence from driving a vehicle. The technology, which will be required as standard equipment in all vehicles, is expected to monitor drivers’ alcohol levels using sensors and infrared lights in vehicles, and if the system detects a blood alcohol level above 0.08, the vehicle will not move. But third parties, including law enforcement, will not have access to the in-vehicle systems or be able to see drivers’ results. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: In 1992, Barack Obama directed "Project Vote - an arm of ACORN that also encouraged voter registration.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: October 10, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a memo on campaign Web site
Fact-check justification: "  Is it possible that ACORN and Project Vote were going about the same business in Illinois in 1992? Sure. Both groups have the stated goal of getting people to register to vote, especially low-income, minority and young voters. But we find no  that Obama's 1992 work was for ACORN. We rate McCain's  .
Statement: Right now, in every major poll, national poll and statewide poll done in the last month, six weeks, we are defeating Trump, often by big numbers and always at a larger margin than Secretary Clinton is.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: May 29, 2016
Location: national
Topics: elections;polls and public opinion
Context: an interview on NBC's 'Meet the Press'
Fact-check justification: Sanders said, "Right now, in every major poll, national poll and statewide poll done in the last month, six weeks, we are defeating Trump often by big numbers, and always at a larger margin than Secretary Clinton is." On the numbers, Sanders is correct: In the past six weeks’ worth of polls, Sanders fares 6 points better against Trump than Clinton does, and he beats Trump by double digits on average. Still, polling experts caution that polls this far away from Election Day are not entirely reliable, and they add that Sanders hasn’t been exposed to the same degree of negative attacks as Clinton has. We rate the  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/cd7c011b-445f-4c81-9ca1-c35f63cefcf9
Statement: Pennsylvania has lost 35 percent of its manufacturing jobs since 2001" and "Harrisburg has lost 40 percent of its manufacturing jobs since 2001.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 21, 2016
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: jobs
Context: a campaign rally speech
Fact-check justification: In an attempt to show Pennsylvanians he would work to bring back jobs, Trump said "Pennsylvania has lost 35 percent of its manufacturing jobs since 2001" and "Harrisburg has lost 40 percent of its manufacturing jobs since 2001." The figure about the statewide manufacturing job loss checks out, but his  about Harrisburg losing 40 percent of its manufacturing jobs since 2001 is off by about 10 percent. We rate the  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/839cc7a1-e2d7-42ab-99bd-6922ca16af39
Statement: Says Ron Paul insisted FEMA should be shut down.
Speaker: maureen dowd
About the speaker: Maureen Dowd is an opinion columnist for the New York Times.
Date: August 30, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: federal budget;public safety;weather
Context: an oped column
Fact-check justification: Federal bureaucracies as a whole don’t do a very good job, but FEMA has the worst reputation of almost any of them." He also said that the government should "look at how things were handled before we had FEMA." Later in the interview, Paul said the federal government should be available for disaster-related rescues. Paul’s campaign didn’t respond to our inquiry. We rate Dowd’s statement .
Statement: State support for local schools per pupil has decreased by at least 25 percent over the past decade.
Speaker: empowered georgia
About the speaker: EmpowerED Georgia is an organization of an estimated 3,500 parents, students and teachers that aims to improve Georgia's public education system.
Date: January 7, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a chart
Fact-check justification: Georgia’s math is supported by the Georgia State study. Still, there are some factors that deserve consideration when examining this , such as the recession’s impact on state spending and larger class sizes. The group’s statement contains an element of  but needs a lot of context to be fully understood. Under the definitions of our rating scale, this rates as . Staff writer Karishma Mehrotra contributed to this article.
Statement: North Carolina is home to "two rivers of the top five most polluted rivers" in the U.S.
Speaker: billy richardson
About the speaker: State Rep. Billy Richardson is a Democrat from Fayetteville.
Date: August 31, 2017
Location: north carolina
Topics: environment
Context: on the House floor
Fact-check justification: Richardson said that N.C. is home to two of the "top five" most-polluted rivers in the state. His assistant acknowledged that he might've misquoted the American Rivers "most endangered" list – but PolitiFact looked around to see if other data might support his . There’s  that the Neuse River and Cape Fear River, in particular, are threatened not only by waste from local farms but by a chemical that state regulators want to investigate. However, PolitiFact found no basis for Richardson’s  that North Carolina rivers rank among the top five most polluted in the United States. We rate this  .
Statement: The ratio of corporate profits to wages is now higher than at any time since just before the Great Depression.
Speaker: robert reich
About the speaker: Robert Reich is an economist at the University of California (Berkeley) who served as Labor Secretary under President Bill Clinton. He is a frequent political commentator on ABC's This Week with George Stephanopoulos and MSNBC's Hardball.
Date: August 29, 2011
Location: national
Topics: corporations;economy;jobs;labor;workers
Context: an opinion column
Fact-check justification: On the numbers, Reich’s  is essentially correct. And in his analysis, Reich doesn’t over-promise on what the data indicate. Amid  that these numbers could turn out to be a temporary spike, he resists the temptation to label it the culmination of a long-term trend. We find Reich’s formulation both factually supportable and appropriately cautious in its interpretation. We give it a rating of .
Statement: Barack Obama supported keeping troops in Iraq, but now he wants a "precipitous withdrawal" regardless of "conditions on the ground" or "consequences of a defeat for the United States," an RNC radio ad.
Speaker: republican national committee
About the speaker: The Republican National Committee is the national arm of the Republican Party.
Date: July 22, 2007
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: Obama has been a consistent critic of the rationale for the war in Iraq. His support for withdrawal includes exceptions for national interest and for the Iraqi government to meet benchmarks for progress. The pull-out legislation he proposed in 2007, which set a deadline to have all troops out by March 31, 2008, included provisions to stop the withdrawal if national interests would be jeopardized by continuing
Statement: Mitt Romney "says the Arizona immigration law should be a model for the nation.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: July 17, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: immigration
Context: San Antonio
Fact-check justification: Obama could legitimately have targeted Romney’s vow to immediately drop the federal challenge to Arizona’s immigration-enforcement law as president. Instead, the Democrat’s statement mischaracterizes Romney’s salute to Arizona’s 2007 mandate that employers electronically verify the legal status of employees. That E-Verify requirement was not in the 2010 Arizona law. We rate Obama’s  as .
Statement: Says Lee Majors died and left $6 million to Donald Trump.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 25, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: Facebook users and pages have also shared the latter with the assumption that it’s real. Majors has been cast in an upcoming movie called "Narco Sub," which is in pre-production for release in 2020. No news outlets have reported that he’s dead. The article is  and makes a  . We rate it !