chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: We're losing as many people to heroin and opioid overdoses as we lost to the AIDS epidemic at its peak.
Speaker: andrew cuomo
About the speaker: Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat, was elected to his first term as governor of New York in 2010.
Date: June 22, 2016
Location: new york
Topics: drugs
Context: Buffalo before signing legislation to combat heroin addiction
Fact-check justification: Cuomo’s comparison is a reach. If he had been referring to the total number of drug overdoses, his  would have been fine. There are more people dying from drug overdoses overall than the number who died from AIDS at the peak of the AIDS crisis. But the number of deaths from heroin and opioids alone continues to rise, more than doubling in Erie County alone between 2014 and 2015. We rate this  as .
Statement: Says Paul Ryan "has not had a public town hall within the district for over 600 days.
Speaker: randy bryce
About the speaker: Democrat Randy Bryce, an Army veteran, union leader and iron worker, lives in Caledonia in Racine County, Wisconsin. In November 2018, he lost a bid for Wisconsin's 1st District congressional seat, which had been held by U.S. House Speaker Paul Ryan, a Janesville Republican. Bryce also lost races for the Wisconsin Legislature in 2012 and 2014 and lost a 10-way primary for the Racine County Board of Education in 2013.   
Date: July 9, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: In contrast, U.S. Rep. Jim Sensenbrenner ( R-Wis.), the dean of the state’s congressional delegation, has not shied away from open town halls, sometimes facing raucous crowds. Sensenbrenner has held more than 80 public town halls so far in 2017, according to the calendar on his website. Our rating Bryce said "Paul Ryan has not had a public town hall within the district for over 600 days." Bryce’s  is broad and doesn’t account for the emerging ways people can communicate with public officials, but he’s  on target in saying Ryan hasn’t held a traditional town hall in almost two years. We rate his  .
Statement: I inherited the largest budget deficit in the history of the state from the Republicans.
Speaker: terry mcauliffe
About the speaker: Terry McAuliffe, a Democrat, was elected governor of Virginia on Nov. 5, 2013. He received 47.8 percent of the vote in defeating Republican Ken Cuccinelli, who came in at 45.2 percent. Robert Sarvis, a Libertarian, finished a distant third with 6.5 percent.
McAuliffe's inaguration as Virginia's 72nd governor is scheduled on Jan. 11, 2014.
McAuliffe, a wealthy businessman and noted political fundraiser, was co-chairman of President Bill Clinton's 1996 reelection campaign. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2001 to 2005 and chairman of Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2008. In 2009, McAuliffe unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for Virginia governor.
McAuliffe was born in Syracuse, N.Y., on Feb. 9, 1957. He has a bachelor's degree from The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., and a law degree from Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C. McAuliffe has lived in Fairfax County for more than 20 years, is married and has five children.
 
Date: June 10, 2021
Location: virginia
Topics: state budget
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: McAuliffe tweeted, "I inherited the largest budget deficit in the history of the state from the Republicans."  In fact, he inherited two balanced budgets from his predecessor and then, in the first months of his governorship, saw state revenues shrink because of federal policies. In addition, the revenue shortfalls that ensued were not the largest budget gaps in state history. After repeatedly being called out by fact-checking on this  over several years, McAuliffe should know better. Yet he keeps repeating it in his current campaign. We rate his statement !
Statement: There's been no" TV commercials for the COVID-19 vaccines because "they are required by law to list all adverse side effects.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 15, 2021
Topics: government regulation;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed: "There’s been no" TV commercials for the COVID-19 vaccines because "they are required by law to list all adverse side effects." The vaccine manufacturers have been kept from advertising their vaccines because FDA rules don’t allow advertising for drugs that have only emergency use authorization and not full FDA approval. For the vast majority of the time that the three COVID-19 vaccines have been administered in the U.S., they have been available through an emergency use authorization. On Aug. 23, Pfizer’s vaccine became the first to gain FDA approval. Pfizer plans to advertise its vaccine in compliance with the FDA’s disclosure rules, a spokesperson said. We rate the statement .
Statement: A study found an "82% miscarriage rate" among women between 30 days and 20 weeks pregnant who got an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 6, 2021
Location: national
Topics: public health;women;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claims that a scientific paper found an 82% miscarriage rate among women who got an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine between 30 days and 20 weeks pregnant. The Instagram post achieves the 82% figure by cherry-picking and manipulating data from a preliminary study. The post makes a conclusion based on a small sample of completed pregnancies known by researchers. The majority of study participants are either still pregnant, or have not yet had follow-ups with the paper’s authors. Early results have not found an increased risk of miscarriage associated with COVID-19 vaccination. But until more authoritative data is released, any statistic on this topic should be considered preliminary.  We rate this  .
Statement: The deficit was on track to top $1 trillion the year I took office.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: July 25, 2011
Location: national
Topics: deficit;federal budget
Context: a televised address
Fact-check justification: "But even with all of this waste, the deficit was still not out of control." We're not going to wade into the debate over how much of the deficit to assign to Bush or Obama's policies. Obama may be laying too much blame for the deficit crisis on Bush policies, and not enough on the recession. But the economic downturn was in full bloom when Obama took office and he is correct that before he enacted any policies as president, the CBO projected a 2009 deficit of $1.2 trillion (as well as significant projected deficits in years to come as well). We rate his statement .
Statement: Eighty-five percent of the states in the United States that had electrocution have now abolished it.
Speaker: scott surovell
About the speaker: Scott Surovell, D-Fairfax, was first elected to the House of Delegates in 2009. He is a Virginia native who graduated from James Madison University in 1993 and the University of Virginia law school in 1996. Surovell is a co-founding partner and owner of Surovell Isaacs Petersen & Levy PLC, an 18-attorney law firm in Fairfax
Date: January 21, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: criminal justice;states
Context: a floor debate
Fact-check justification: Academic research shows 26 states have allowed electrocutions since the 19th century. A review of laws today shows that six states may still use their electric chairs at a condemned prisoner’s request. That means 77 percent of the states that had electrocutions have ended the practice. Surovell is right that states are shutting down their electric chairs, but his percentage is slightly off. We rate his statement .
Statement: Says military commanders have said that if Donald Trump were elected, "they would not follow his orders.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: August 15, 2016
Location: national
Topics: legal issues;military
Context: Scranton, Pa
Fact-check justification: Biden said military commanders have said that if Trump were elected, "they would not follow his orders." Biden has a point that retired military officials have spoken out against Trump. But he exaggerated when he described them as "military commanders."  The current active leadership has not spoken out against Trump. We rate his statement .
Statement: The state of New York is the "worst in the nation in economic recovery.
Speaker: rob astorino
About the speaker: Rob Astorino is a Republican who is the former county executive of Westchester County, N.Y., just north of New York City. He is running for governor against Democratic Gov. Kathy Hochul.
Date: July 25, 2014
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs;states
Context: an interview on "Fox & Friends"
Fact-check justification: Astorino said that New York state is the "worst in the nation in economic recovery." His staff now acknowledges that the candidate misspoke. He did have a point that several commonly used statistics suggest that New York’s recovery has been weaker than average among the 50 states. But that’s a far cry from "worst in the nation." We rate his  .
Statement: Celine Dion has been paralyzed by the COVID vaccine and cancels her tour.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 28, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .) We found no news reports, tweets, or statements to support this .   Claudette Dion, the singer’s sister, said on a TV show that "she shared with me that the stage had a steep incline when she was performing that would cause problems to her muscles, legs and feet. "  Dion delayed the opening of her Las Vegas show, canceling performances from Nov. 5 through Feb. 5, 2022, but she still has 19 shows on the books in North America in March and April 2022, and more shows scheduled abroad well into 2023 .    We rate this post .
Statement: Airlines are meeting today to discuss the risks of carrying vaxed passengers due to the risk of clots and the liabilities involved.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 30, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram user claimed, "Airlines are meeting today to discuss the risks of carrying vaxed passengers due to the risk of clots and the liabilities involved," and suggested that soon only unvaccinated people would be allowed to fly.  Industry leaders said they had no knowledge of such a meeting, and there is no  that any airlines plan to prevent vaccinated people from flying. Additionally, experts said that blood clots are far more likely to develop as a result of COVID-19, rather than as a result of the vaccine.  We rate this  .
Statement: In 2006, Arizona had four ballot issues that were "very tough on illegal immigration... Forty-seven percent of the Hispanics in Arizona voted for them.
Speaker: tom tancredo
About the speaker: Tom Tancredo is a former congressman from Colorado who ran unsuccessfully for the Republican presidential nomination in 2008. In 2010, Tancredo ran for governor of Colorado as a member of the Constitution Party and placed second to Democrat and then-Denver Mayor John Hickenlooper.
Date: September 10, 2007
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Fact-check justification: Deputy Secretary of State Kevin Tyne said, "We're precluded from tracking that kind of information. "
 But just to be sure there wasn't another source for Tancredo's numbers, we talked to Quin Monson, assistant director at the Center for the Study of Elections and Democracy at Brigham Young University; to John A. Garcia, a University of Arizona political science professor who has done extensive polling of Hispanics; to Earl de Berge, research director at the Behavior Research Center, a public opinion firm in Phoenix; and to Fred Solop, a Northern Arizona University political science professor and pollster. Not one knew of data to support Tancredo's statement. So, applying one correct statistic to four different ballot questions rates a .
Statement: The United States is the No. 1 country in the world for energy resources. … We are the king daddy dogs when it comes to energy.
Speaker: michele bachmann
About the speaker: Michele Bachmann, first elected to the U.S. Congress in 2006, represents the 6th Congressional District of Minnesota. She was reelected in 2008. Previously, she served in the Minnesota State Senate. Prior to that, she spent five years as a federal tax litigation attorney. Bachmann and her husband, Marcus, who have five children and have opened their home to 23 foster children, live in Stillwater, Minn., and own a mental health care practice.
Date: August 27, 2011
Location: national
Topics: environment;energy
Context: a campaign event
Fact-check justification: Bachmann can point to some very specific numbers from a credible source -- CRS -- that place the United States first in the world in fossil-fuel reserves. But while she cited this big number from the CRS report at Poinciana, she also glossed over a number of caveats that raise questions about the significance of the No. 1 ranking. The U.S. lead is predominantly due to its large stores of coal, yet coal’s environmental effects pose a question mark for the future use of these resources. Meanwhile, for both coal and other fossil fuels, there’s continuing uncertainty about whether the U.S. will be able to exploit these resources in a way that’s economically feasible. Finally, there’s no way of knowing which renewable or experimental energy sources will become important in the future, and as a result, whether the U.S. will be well placed to dominate the field. We find Bachmann’s statement supportable based on available statistics, but the statistics may not be completely reliable. Some of the estimates include resources that would not be tapped if companies found it more profitable to exploit resources outside the U.S. We consider Bachmann's statement to be accurate, but find that it leaves out important details. We rate it .
Statement: Nearly $2 billion in cash was flown over to Iran, money that the Obama administration has admitted is being used for terrorists and to support further activities there.
Speaker: karen handel
About the speaker: Karen Handel is the former secretary of state of Georgia. She is also the former chair of the Fulton County Board of Commissioners. Handel, a Republican, lost the runoff for the GOP nomination for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: June 6, 2017
Location: georgia
Topics: foreign policy;nuclear;terrorism
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Handel said the Obama administration admitted that nearly $2 billion flown to Iran is being used to fund terrorism and various supporting activities. She is more specific than the record supports. One way or another, the United States transferred $1.7 billion owed to Iran. As for what the administration admitted, Kerry said it was likely that some portion of any money Iran received would go to its top security organization and some of that money would end up advancing terrorism. Beyond that general statement, details are lacking. We rate this  .
Statement: Says he cut 'tax rates five times'
Speaker: bill white
About the speaker: Bill White, an author, is a San Antonio native who was mayor of Houston from 2004-2009. He was the 2010 Democratic nominee for governor of Texas.
Date: May 2, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: message machine 2010;taxes
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: Those figures rose slightly each year, from $784.15 to $902.63. Summing up: White is right that the city's property tax rate was cut five years in a row on his watch, and in Houston, where the mayor has substantial power, his  of responsibility is warranted. However, property values citywide were increasing at a faster pace. The result: The average residential tax bill rose by an annual average of 4.8 percent from 2006 to 2009. We rate his statement as .
Statement: There's a 1.5 percent to 2 percent overhead in Medicare. The insurance companies have a 20 percent to 30 percent overhead.
Speaker: barbara boxer
About the speaker: Barbara Boxer is California's junior senator.
Date: May 24, 2011
Location: national
Topics: health care;medicare
Context: an interview with MSNBC's Chris Matthews
Fact-check justification: There is some disagreement over how much Medicare pays in overhead. It could be a few percentage points higher than the 1 to 2 percent that Boxer cites. But Boxer’s numbers are defensible since they come straight from the Medicare trustees’ report. Meanwhile, Boxer’s 20 percent-to-30 percent figure for the private sector is more squishy. Some plans have overhead rates that high, but only a fraction do, and the industry-wide average is quite a bit lower -- 11 to 12 percent. We’re convinced that Boxer’s underlying point -- that private plans have higher overhead than government plans -- is correct, if for no other reason than that profits matter only for private insurers. But for most plans and patients, the difference between Medicare overhead and private-sector overhead is not as great as she suggests. So we rate her statement .
Statement: Shows in a television ad that police took evidence from Solantic, Rick Scott's new health care company, after allegations emerged that the company was engaging in fraud.
Speaker: florida democratic party
About the speaker: the Florida affiliate of the Democratic Party.
Date: October 10, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: health care;legal issues;message machine 2010
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Ads are about both the visuals and the words campaigns choose. In this case, the Democratic Party is inflating the allegations against Solantic by including video of sheriff's tape and police collecting . There have been no reports that we could find of police raiding a Solantic facility, and the Democratic Party, when asked, could provide no  of any such search. As such, we rate this  .
Statement: Herschel Walker "is heavily funded by the oil and gas industry, raking in more than $140,000 in donations from Big Oil and other energy interests.
Speaker: league of conservation voters
About the speaker: The Washington, D.C.-based League of Conservation Voters, according to the nonpartisan Center for Responsive Politics, is “a liberal-leaning organization that raises money primarily in support of environmentally friendly public policy.”
Date: November 28, 2022
Location: georgia
Topics: congress;energy
Context: a statement on a website
Fact-check justification: The League of Conservation voters said Walker "is heavily funded by the oil and gas industry, raking in more than $140,000 in donations from Big Oil and other energy interests." The league pulled the number in July from Open Secrets, a reliable source of federal campaign finance data. The amount of direct donations from the oil and gas industry to Walker’s campaign is now about $190,000.  The  could mislead voters into thinking that Walker has outsized support from the oil and gas industry. Viewed in the context of overall donations, that’s not the case. The money from oil and gas-aligned groups and employees amount to less than 1% of donations to his campaign — far from "heavily." Oil and gas interests have donated bigger bucks to PACs that support Walker. Warnock has also taken money from the oil and gas industry, although less than Walker. We rate this statement . RELATED : Herschel Walker on PolitiFact’s -O-Meter RELATED : Raphael Warnock on PolitiFact’s -O-Meter RELATED : Fact-checking the Georgia Senate debate between Raphael Warnock and Herschel Walker
Statement: Says 1 in 7 American families is on food stamps.
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: July 27, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: economy;pundits;welfare
Context: The Woodlands
Fact-check justification: Palin’s figure is supported and may even understate the share of families on food stamps. Her statement rates .
Statement: Says that Romney touted the Massachusetts health plan for the nation in his hardcover book but then deleted it for the paperback edition.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: September 22, 2011
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: Orlando
Fact-check justification: Perry's right that Romney's comments about health care were edited between editions. Among other things, a line that advocated the Massachusetts model as a strong option for other states was replaced by a shorter, more generic sentence. But Perry  by making it sound as though Romney had advocated his state's plan as national health care policy -- a potentially damaging position in a Republican primary. That's not what Romney wrote. We rule Perry's  .
Statement: Says Daniel Radcliffe has the coronavirus.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: March 10, 2020
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: My apologies for confusion. Here's a good read on the hoax: https://t.co/qdfjfdza0v The Boy Who Lived does not have the coronavirus. Obliviate this from your memories. !