chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Tom Barrett plans "to spend $100 million on a trolley that goes barely two miles on the east side of Milwaukee.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: May 31, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: city government;economy;transportation
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Our rating Walker said Barrett plans "to spend $100 million on a trolley that goes  two miles on the east side of Milwaukee," suggesting the plan is to spend that much in  public money. The city has committed to spending $70 million -- for a streetcar that would run from the east side to downtown. And the plan Barrett backs would require utility relocation that could push the total cost above $100 million -- but that’s not clear, nor is who would bear the cost. Barrett was ready to spend more than $100 million, but that was for a line longer than the two-mile line, and that’s not currently in the plan given that efforts to obtain extra funding have failed. Walker’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details -- our definition of .
Statement: The average age of planes in the Qatar Airways fleet is about four years while Delta Air Lines flies planes that are 35 years old.
Speaker: akbar al baker
About the speaker: CEO of Qatar Airways
Date: March 16, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: transportation
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Delta has more than 1,200 aircraft. Four are due to retire this year. Each of those is about 30.5 years old, Delta spokesman Trebor Banstetter said. The majority of Delta’s fleet is much newer. Al Baker’s comments contain an element  but they ignore critical facts that would give the average reader a different impression We rate Al Baker’s comments .
Statement: When he took office in 2009, President Barack Obama "had the biggest Democratic majorities in Congress since Lyndon Johnson.
Speaker: haley barbour
About the speaker: Republican Governor of Mississippi, chairman of the Republican Governors Association and a former lobbyist.
Date: October 2, 2011
Location: national
Topics: history
Context: an interview on CBS' "Face the Nation"
Fact-check justification: It’s  that Democratic strength in Congress at the beginning of Obama’s term was the strongest it had been in 16 years. But that’s not what Barbour said -- he said the numbers were the strongest going back to President Johnson in the late 1960s. And that was not the case. We rate his statement .
Statement: Under Obama, families have lost over $4,000 a year in income.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: September 17, 2012
Location: national
Topics: economy;income;message machine 2012
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Romney’s ad says that "under Obama families have lost over $4,000 a year in income." That figure comes from a new but well-respected index created by Sentier Research, which tracked a decline in the median family income from the month Obama took office through June 2012. It’s tricky to compare that data with census data because they represent different time periods. But where it is possible to compare Sentier with the census, the results are within a few dollars of each other. But the ad’s  runs into trouble by overtly blaming Obama. The economy was on a downward track before he took office, and a president has limited control over those forces. To the extent he should be held responsible, Mitchell told us, the slow recovery has all been on his watch. Romney’s ad cites trustworthy figures but oversimplifies the issue by assigning blame to Obama. We rate it .
Statement: I don't get involved in the hiring and firing of police chiefs.
Speaker: levar stoney
About the speaker: Levar Stoney is a 2016 candidate for mayor of Richmond.
Stoney was appointed Secretary of the Commonwealth in 2014 by Virginia Gov. Terry McAuliffe. He resigned the post in April 2016 to run for mayor. Prior to that, he served as executive director of the Virginia Democratic Party and worked in a number of campaigns.
Stoney was born in 1981 in New York and later moved to Yorktown, Va. He graduated from James Madison University in 2004, where he was president of the student government.
 
Date: October 26, 2022
Location: virginia
Topics: city government;public safety
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Gerald Smith’s resignation was received by Stoney’s chief administrative officer.   But Stoney took credit for Gerald Smith’s hiring in June 2020. And he took credit for the hiring and firing of Smith’s predecessor — William Smith. Stoney said so at press conferences announcing these events and in news releases issued by his office. Based on the mayor’s own words, we rate his statement .
Statement: Crowd erupts as Chip Roy grills Kamala Harris as she lies in Congress" in video.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 6, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But he wasn’t grilling Harris, and onlookers were quiet.   The committee’s chairman, U.S. Rep. Jim Jordan, R-Ohio, called the hearing "The Biden Border Crisis." Harris wasn’t there. Among the four witnesses were two that Roy can be seen questioning in the clip: Brandon Dunn, co-founder of Forever 15 Project , a group aimed at spreading awareness about fentanyl poisoning, and Mark Dannels, sheriff of Cochise County in Arizona.   We rate this post !
Statement: The IRS is adding 87,000 new agents, making the IRS "larger than (the) Pentagon, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Customs and Border Protection and the State Department combined.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: August 16, 2022
Location: national
Topics: congress;federal budget;taxes
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The Inflation Reduction Act will provide funding that will allow the IRS to strengthen its workforce significantly, but just how that will play out is not set in stone. The best figures available suggest it would not be as big as Scott’s  suggests. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it . Staff writer Yacob Reyes contributed to this report.
Statement: Says the Obama administration is handing out a pamphlet titled, "What To Do When The Veteran In Your Classroom Attempts A Mass Shooting
Speaker: mr. conservative
About the speaker: Mr. Conservative is a conservative website.
Date: November 12, 2013
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;education;military;veterans;guns
Context: a Web post
Fact-check justification: The website Mr. Conservative posted an article that claimed the Obama administration was handing out a pamphlet titled, "What To Do When The Veteran In Your Classroom Attempts A Mass Shooting." The story originated on a satire site and was in no way real -- a  that could have been easily discovered through a few clicks on the Internet. We rate the  . Editor's note:  A few hours after our initial publication,  Mr. Conservative appended an update to its post: "Since the original posting of this article, we learned that the original news source that posted this story was not an actual news site but a satirical site. However, the fact that this story is believable, on its face, says something about our government and the society in which we now live."
Statement: During the last five years, Iran has perpetrated terror attacks in 25 different countries on five continents.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 21, 2016
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;terrorism
Context: a speech to the American Israel Public Affairs Committee
Fact-check justification: Trump said that "during the last five years, Iran has perpetrated terror attacks in 25 different countries on five continents." He has a point that Iran is widely believed to be supporting, or trying to support, armed or terrorist groups in many countries around the world, though the exact number is not known with any specificity outside Tehran. However, that’s not the same thing as actually perpetrating terrorist attacks, as Trump indicated, even though his apparent source material only referred to activity, not attacks. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details, so we rate it .
Statement: Ninety-six percent of failing schools are spending above $8,400, the average annual per student expenditure, and 26 percent spend considerably more than that.
Speaker: nathan deal
About the speaker: Nathan Deal is running for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: February 12, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: education
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: His statement doesn’t point out that the failing schools are likely spending more money because they are receiving more money as a result of having high concentrations of students from low-income families. It could be argued that the money they receive and spend isn’t working -- afterall, they are failing schools by the state’s current measure of success, the CCRPI index.   Or it could be said that they need more money or a different kind of help, or both. That’s important context in a discussion of what those closest to the ground -- the educators -- say is a very complex problem. For that reason, we rate the governor’s statement .
Statement: John McCain "opposed legislation to fund levees and flood control programs, which he considers pork.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: June 21, 2008
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: remarks to U.S. Conference of Mayors
Fact-check justification: As further proof, McCain's campaign noted that Sen. Claire McCaskill, D-Mo. — one of Obama's most fervent campaign supporters — allied herself with McCain and Feingold's effort. McCain was out front in urging the Senate to reject the water resources bill and he has been consistent in branding the government's process for funding those projects to be an exercise in pork-barrel spending. But McCain is not just a naysayer on water projects, he has been advancing an argument about how spending priorities are set for water projects. And proposing a way to change it. We find Obama's  to be oversimplifying McCain's record and his position on water project funding and we rate it .
Statement: CEO of Pfizer arrested, charged with fraud.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 5, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: We didn’t find Bourla searching for his name among federal prison inmates , and we didn’t find him searching among inmates in custody in Westchester County , where Scarsdale is. Searching PACER, a database of federal court records , we didn’t find any criminal complaints involving Bourla . Meanwhile, Bourla tweeted as recently as Nov. 5, and appeared on CNN to talk about Pfizer’s recent announcement about a pill designed to fight COVID-19.   We rate this post !
Statement: In this photo, "Man uses a gun to rob a Texas convenience store. Man was shot by every customer inside the store
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 29, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral image post reads, "Man uses a gun to rob a Texas convenience store. Man was shot by every customer inside the store." The incident captured by the security cameras happened at a pharmacy in Brazil, not a convenience store in Texas, and the individuals in the video who pulled their guns on the 17-year-old robber were plainclothes military police officers.  It is unknown how many officers shot the boy who attempted to rob the pharmacy. We rate this  .
Statement: The poverty rate for Wisconsin families has reached the lowest rate in 22 years.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 27, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: poverty
Context: Green Bay, Wis
Fact-check justification: Trump said Wisconsin’s poverty rate for families is at the lowest level in 22 years. Three measurements used by experts say that’s not the case. Indeed, the Census survey that goes back as far as Trump’s  shows 2017 was just the fifth-lowest rate for individuals in the last 22 years. And a Wisconsin-specific measure looking more comprehensively at poverty by factoring in government aid shows the most recent year of data — 2016 in that case — is right around the average from the last decade. We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: The Obama administration just issued instructions that terrorism training should not involve any reference to Islam.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: December 12, 2011
Location: national
Topics: homeland security;islam;new hampshire 2012;religion
Context: Manchester, N.H., Dec. 12, 2011
Fact-check justification: More often, the December plan issued by the White House uses language like "community resilience programming" and the importance of "enhancing engagement with and support to local communities that may be targeted by violent extremists," without explicitly saying that many of those communities are, in fact, Muslim-American. The Ruling There is no question that the Obama administration has tried to address Islam carefully and to avoid blaming a religion with an estimated 1.6 billion adherents for terrorism. But we find Gingrich has greatly exaggerated what the Obama administration has done. Although the Justice Department clearly has yanked some questionable material related to Islam, and the recent White House document refers almost obliquely to Muslim Americans, it has not banned a discussion of al-Qaida or Islam in terrorism training. We rate his statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/4a63a2e7-e660-45ca-baf0-09be0791dec4
Statement: Photos related to gun violence in present-day United States and the Holocaust in Nazi Germany suggest that gun control laws created or exacerbated the genocide of Jews.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 1, 2019
Topics: history;facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: On social media, images showing the shoes of victims of gun violence in present-day America and those of Holocaust victims suggest that gun control in Nazi Germany exacerbated the Holocaust and that the genocide could have been lessened or avoided if victims had been armed. This theory has been repeatedly debunked and refuted. German citizens as a whole were not disarmed by the Nazis, but enjoyed looser gun restrictions than in previous years. There was no lack of guns in the country, and if German citizens had wanted to use guns to revolt against the Nazis they could have, but they didn’t. As well, comparing a dictator’s regime that treated weapon possession according to racial identity to democratic procedures of gun regulations is irresponsible. This  is .
Statement: NIKE has stated, 'We're a $76 billion dollar company that can afford to let go of all 'Make America Great Again' customers.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 7, 2020
Topics: corporations;race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "And at the end of the day, Nike — again, this is an internationally known, multibillion-dollar company. They’ve done the math. They’ve done the bottom line probably hundreds of times over. And they know the benefit that can come from this." We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: California wildfires are being magnified & made so much worse by the bad environmental laws which aren't allowing massive amount of readily available water to be properly utilized. It is being diverted into the Pacific Ocean.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 5, 2018
Location: california
Topics: environment;fires;water
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The state’s fire agency, CalFire, said it has not had problems accessing water. And fire experts said it’s the state’s hot and bone-dry conditions, not environmental laws, that are making blazes more extreme. We rated Trump’s  .    –  The statement is not accurate. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Georgia lawmaker pushes bill banning creation of 'glow in the dark' human-jellyfish hybrids.
Speaker: raw story
About the speaker: Raw Story is an American online news publication that covers current national and international political and economic news and publishes its own editorials and investigative pieces.
Date: February 11, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: science;states
Context: headline over an article on the Raw Story website
Fact-check justification: If it seems we’re getting silly, it’s only because we are. The headline about glow-in-the-dark Georgians overstates the bill itself. But it captures the intent of the proposal -- to ban human embryos with non-human cells injected into them as well as any "human-animal hybrid." And, weirdly, it captures some of actual discussion happening under the Gold Dome. We rate the headline .
Statement: Elon Musk tweeted he would "buy Joint Commission and let nurses have drinks at their station.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 18, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post sharing it was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat  news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Meta , which owns Facebook and Instagram.) The tweet doesn’t appear in Musk’s feed , nor did he appear to have tweeted and deleted it — we found no news coverage or other credible sources to corroborate that he made such a statement.   Other purported Musk tweets that weren’t: him saying the world is flat; saying Democrats paid Twitter’s former CEO millions to delete people’s accounts; and saying he’s buying Snapchat.   We rate claims that this is an authentic Musk tweet .
Statement: Vaccine herd immunity doesn't exist because 100% of the population would have to be vaccinated for it to work.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: April 25, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claims that vaccine herd immunity doesn’t exist because 100% of the population would need to get vaccinated for that to be achieved.  The post misinterprets the meaning of herd immunity.  Herd immunity occurs when enough people are immune — either through vaccination or previous infection — to make its spread from person to person unlikely. It doesn’t mean completely eradicating the disease through vaccination, and it does not require 100% of the population to be vaccinated. We rate this .