chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says California Republican Young Kim is "a tax cheat" who "illegally claimed a $7,000 annual homestead exemption on a house she wasn't living in," had "multiple tax liens placed on her" as a result and "owes over $10,000 in unpaid federal income taxes.
Speaker: gil cisneros
About the speaker: Gil Cisneros is a California Democrat running in California's 39th Congressional District in 2018/
Date: September 17, 2018
Location: california
Topics: ethics;taxes
Context: a spoof website
Fact-check justification: The Cisneros campaign says Kim is "a tax cheat" who "illegally claimed a $7,000 annual homestead exemption on a house she wasn’t living in," had "multiple tax liens placed on her" as a result and "owes over $10,000 in unpaid federal income taxes." The IRS debt is more substantial than the property tax, but there is no information to show it has anything to do with cheating. "Cheat" implies motivation, and news stories have used the word to describe people who purposely violated homestead exemption laws to save on taxes -- typically saving much more than $74 a year. Nic Jordan, the Cisneros campaign spokesman, told us the campaign used the word colloquially. Whether a  or not, Kim had two liens and owed $387 to the county as a result of an improperly recorded homeowner’s exemption. The law is the law, as Kim’s last opponent said. But it was a minor civil matter, and one that the current property assessor says never should have resulted in liens. Cisneros focused on the $7,000 annual reduction in the house’s assessment, not mentioning on the spoof website that it made a difference of $74 a year. This makes it sound far worse than it was. With these elements combined, we rate the  .
Statement: The Guantanamo Bay detention camp remaining open is proof that Joe Biden is not the president.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 19, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The facility remaining open is not  that Biden is not president.   Former President Barack Obama, who also pledged to close Guantánamo, repatriated or resettled about 200 men. But, Vox reported , he faced legal challenges. "No president has been able to close Guantánamo because once something is created outside the law, it’s almost impossible to bring back inside the law. "  We rate claims that the detention camp remaining open is proof that Biden is not the president !
Statement: Says drinking cream of tartar mixed with orange juice daily will help people quit smoking because it "flushes the nicotine" out of the body.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 14, 2019
Topics: fake news;public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral Facebook post says people can easily quit smoking by mixing cream of tartar and orange juice because it helps remove nicotine from the body.  This  relies on unsubstantiated pseudoscience. No credible  supports it. We rate it !
Statement: Says Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene said, "If it weren't for electricity, we'd all be watching TV by candlelight.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 17, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We didn’t find it attributed to her in articles and news broadcast transcripts collected in the Nexis news archive.   But we did find it in a 1991 Los Angeles Times obituary for comedian George Gobel. "Producer David O. Selznick chose him as the only live comic for TV’s two-hour salue to Thomas A. Edison on the 75th anniversary of the inventor’s invention of the incandescent lamp," the obit says. "Gobel’s remark from the late 1954 special — ‘If it weren’t for electricity we’d all be watching television by candlelight’ — remains one of the classic one-liners of American comedy." We rate claims Greene said this .
Statement: Facts have now come out to show conclusively" that the 2020 presidential election wasn't legitimate.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 27, 2021
Location: georgia
Topics: national;elections;wisconsin;arizona
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "facts have now come out to show conclusively" that the 2020 presidential election wasn’t legitimate. No such facts have emerged. Trump’s claims are based on distortions and mischaracterizations. His claims of a rigged election started even before the results were known. The election was legitimate, as affirmed by experts on elections, including Republicans, and officials who served in Trump’s administration, as well as local and state bodies that certified the results. Multiple audits and court cases also have reached the same conclusion.  We rate Trump’s statement ! RELATED: Trump’s  distortion about Georgia’s voter rolls RELATED: Michigan Republican-led investigation rejects Trump's  that Nov. 3 election was stolen RELATED: Trump falsely implies Arizona audit has exposed fraud RELATED: Trump lost. Yet the 2020 election falsehoods live on in Arizona RELATED: Here’s why Georgia’s Republican officials are confident in their presidential election results
Statement: Every single strawberry that is served to Members of Congress will have passed through the rough hands of an undocumented immigrant.
Speaker: luis gutierrez
About the speaker: Luis Gutierrez is a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois.
Date: May 12, 2016
Location: illinois
Topics: agriculture;immigration;jobs;labor
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Gutiérrez stated to the House that, "Every single strawberry that is served to Members of Congress will have passed through the rough hands of an undocumented immigrant." The  says that about 50 to 70 percent of farm workers in the United States are undocumented. While most data and experts agree that the figure is higher for the strawberry industry, there is no clear way to deduce a solid estimate that would back Gutiérrez’s . Since PolitiFact puts the burden of proof on the speaker, we rate this  .
Statement: There "are not cuts to Medicaid" in the GOP health care proposals.
Speaker: kellyanne conway
About the speaker: Kellyane Conway is a White House counselor to President Donald Trump. Previously, she was a Republican strategist and pollster who served as campaign manager for Trump's 2016 presidential campaign.
Date: June 25, 2017
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week with George Stephanopoulos"
Fact-check justification: Conway said that Republicans are not cutting the Medicaid program. The Republican health care proposals would slow the rate at which Medicaid spending increases, but spending would still increase. However, the proposals include policy changes that will leave fewer people eligible for Medicaid. That’s a cut. Conway’s  has an element of  but leaves out critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Maxine Waters tweeted, "Every single gun owner I have talked to has told me, 'As soon as I walked out of that gun store, I felt a killer growing inside of me.' When will we acknowledge there is no such thing as a responsible gun owner?
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 20, 2020
Topics: guns
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We searched both accounts for the words in the Facebook post and came up empty.   @MaxinePWaters, the account in the Facebook post , has been suspended for violating Twitter’s rules.    But back in 2018, Snopes fact-checked another such tweet from the account that was fooling people. Snopes then reported that @MaxinePWaters has no connection to the lawmaker.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: John Mica's brother is an oil lobbyist and his daughter represents the natural gas industry.
Speaker: heather beaven
About the speaker: Heather Beaven is a Democrat running for Congress in Florida's 7th Congressional District.
Date: May 12, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;energy
Context: an e-mail to supporters
Fact-check justification: Mica's daughter, D'Anne Mica, once listed Consumers Alliance for Affordable Natural Gas as a PR client, a group that lobbied for increased natural gas drilling. The only real question is if D'Anne Mica currently represents the oil and gas group as Beaven suggests in her e-mail. On that point, there's slim  she does. The group hasn't been mentioned in a newspaper article since 2007, doesn't have an active website we can find and a person who worked for the alliance said they've been out of operation for a couple of years. Finding no additional supporting material, we rate Beaven's  .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama "has allowed, each year he's been here, the prosecutions of gun cases (for background check failures) to go down. ... They've declined every year since President Bush left office.
Speaker: jeff sessions
About the speaker: Jeff Sessions is President Donald Trump's Attorney General. He was previously a U.S. Senator from Alabama.
 
Date: April 14, 2013
Location: national
Topics: legal issues;guns
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week with George Stephanopoulos"
Fact-check justification: Sessions said that Obama "has allowed, each year he's been here, the prosecutions of gun cases to go down. .. They've declined every year since President Bush left office." That’s  -- but the data covers only the first two years of Obama’s term, and it didn’t nosedive under Obama since it was already a tiny percentage under Bush. Obama could order tougher prosecution of gun-denial cases, but like his predecessors, he or his appointees have determined that other crimes are more urgent and take precedence. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: At the end of the year, we put into that federal pot $116 billion more than we take out," while Kentucky "takes out $148 billion more than they put in.
Speaker: andrew cuomo
About the speaker: Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat, was elected to his first term as governor of New York in 2010.
Date: April 23, 2020
Location: new york
Topics: federal budget;state budget;coronavirus
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Cuomo said that "at the end of the year," New York puts $116 billion more into the federal treasury than the state receives in federal funds, while Kentucky receives $148 billion more than it contributes. Cuomo was referencing figures from a report from the Rockefeller Institute, which has been widely cited . However, a listener to Cuomo’s news conference would likely think that these figures represent yearly contributions. They are actually four-year cumulative totals contained in the Rockefeller Institute analysis. We rate this  .
Statement: Barack Obama's plan calls for "mandates and fines for small businesses.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: October 7, 2008
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: Nashville, Tenn
Fact-check justification: The plan does not define what's a small business and what's not. McCain calls this a "fine," but being required to contribute to a pool is not the same as paying a penalty for some wrongdoing. So even by a generous definition, Obama does not fine "small businesses." Indeed, they are not even subject to the mandate. We rate McCain's  .
Statement: High-speed rail would have cost Florida taxpayers $1 billion to build.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: August 5, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: transportation
Context: TV interview
Fact-check justification: If high-speed rail had moved ahead in Florida, Scott said the state would have had to pay $1 billion to build it. Scott bases his claims on hypothetical cost overruns from a suspect study written by a libertarian think tank. While the study correctly points out that other transportation projects have experienced cost overruns, there are several flaws  with the study. Most importantly, the study assumes that the state would pay for cost overruns. But that ignores that both the state official in charge of the rail project and the U.S. Department of Transportation secretary said that the state wouldn't be liable for overruns. And legislators were keen on having it happen that way before fully embracing the high-speed rail line. In the end, the state's share to build the line would have been capped at around $280 million (and legislators hoped the final number would be even less). You can't rewrite history to fit your narrative. We rate Scott's  .
Statement: Abigail Spanberger is raking in thousands from defund the police groups because she supports defunding the police.
Speaker: national republican congressional committee
About the speaker: National Republican Congressional Committee
Date: July 18, 2022
Location: virginia
Topics: abortion;public safety
Context: a blog
Fact-check justification: Therefore, Spanberger supports defunding police.   What the NRCC ignores is that Planned Parenthood’s publicly posted scorecard tracking key votes in Congress does not include defunding the police. Planned Parenthood officials said their organization backs Spanberger because she has consistently voted for bills that would expand access to abortion and reproductive health care.   Moreover, the NRCC ignores that Spanberger has been a leading Democratic critic of the defund movement and has supported a number of bills and proposals that would substantially increase federal funding for local police departments. We rate the NRCC’s  .
Statement: Says Mitt Romney would deny gay people the right to adopt children.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: May 10, 2012
Location: national
Topics: lgbtq;message machine 2012
Context: a Web ad
Fact-check justification: Obama and Romney have starkly different positions on gay marriage, but Obama’s ad distorts Romney's position when it says he would deny gay couples the right to adopt children. We found nothing in Romney’s past statements to support that . He is a clear opponent of gay marriage, and does not seem to favor civil unions if they afford all the same benefits as marriage. But he is on record as supporting domestic partnerships, with specific rights determined individually by states. The Obama campaign interprets this as Romney saying states would be allowed to deny gay couples the right to adopt. But when he has articulated his position, he has often mentioned adoption as one of the rights states could grant. And this year, Romney called adoption by same-sex couples "something which people have the right to do." The  in the Web ad is not accurate. We rate it .
Statement: Image shows that the New Mexico secretary of state counted more than 17 million registered voters in a state with a population of about 2 million.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 7, 2022
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "The election night reporting (ENR) website was in test mode and had mock data for the last few weeks as we ran a test election with the county clerks in preparation for (Nov. 8)," Curtas told PolitiFact in an email. "We of course are now finished with that test and the ENR site is now prepped for Election Day and the ‘mock data’ message has been taken down." An archived version of the webpage from Oct. 21 did show the "17 million" registered voters figure along with "Testing in Progress" written across the site. Curtas said the stand-in figure remained on the site until the morning of Nov. 6 by  but has been updated and now reflects the actual voter registration number in New Mexico, about 1.36 million. We rate the  that this image shows the New Mexico secretary of state counted more than 17 million registered voters .
Statement: Florida has "the second lowest tax burden per capita in the United States.
Speaker: ron desantis
About the speaker: Ron DeSantis announced on May 24, 2023 that he is running for president in the Republican primary. DeSantis won the race for Florida governor in 2018 and 2022. DeSantis was first elected to Congress in 2012 and resigned in September 2018 to focus on his campaign. He represented Florida's 6th Congressional District which is south of St. Augustine and north of Orlando and includes Daytona Beach. DeSantis initially ran for U.S. Senate in 2016 but dropped out after Marco Rubio decided to seek re-election.
Date: April 13, 2023
Location: florida
Topics: economy;taxes
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: But regardless of the method, Florida ranks relatively low for its tax burden — as low as second from the bottom and as high as 11th from the bottom. However, a tax burden ranking measures how states compare with one another in the overall amount of taxes they levy; it does not address whether those taxes are allocated equitably across the income spectrum. Florida is considered a highly unequal tax state , so although its overall taxation rate is low, the burden falls more heavily on lower-income residents. DeSantis’  is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate it .
Statement: Businesses are leaving Illinois. I think, statistically, that can be proven to be false through the Bureau of Labor Statistics. No net businesses left Illinois.
Speaker: jason keller 
About the speaker: Jason Keller is the legislative director for the Illinois AFL-CIO.  
Date: November 28, 2016
Location: illinois
Context: during an Illinois House committee hearing on a workers’ compensation reform bill
Fact-check justification: We reached out to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, where an economist told us BLS does not track when businesses move in and out of state. We contacted several other private and public organizations we thought might track this data. What Keller said would be at BLS was neither there nor anywhere else we checked. Someone wishing to track and compile business moves would need individual business records or tax identification numbers to do so, Lubotsky said. Based on the lack of  and the impracticality of compiling the numbers Keller said could be found at the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we rate his  .
Statement: Says Debbie Wasserman Schultz "has voted for huge subsidies for the sugar industry ... as well as for delays in cleanups.
Speaker: tim canova
About the speaker: Tim Canova is running against U.S. Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz in 2018. Canova, who lives in Hollywood and is a Nova Southeastern University law professor, lost to Wasserman Schultz in the Democratic primary in 2016. In April 2018, he announced that he would switch from running in the Democratic primary against Wasserman Schultz to running as an independent.
Date: July 9, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: environment
Context: a post on Medium
Fact-check justification: Canova said Wasserman Schultz "has voted for huge subsidies for the sugar industry ... as well as for delays in cleanups." In 2003, while in the state Senate, Wasserman Schultz was part of a unanimous vote for a seven-year delay to clean up the Everglades. Canova omits that two days later she changed her vote, but the vote had no practical effect and the measure passed anyway. Canova also said Wasserman Schultz voted to subsidize the sugar industry when she voted for the farm bill in 2008 and 2014. The farm bills didn’t contain actual cash subsidies, but they clearly contained lucrative benefits for the industry. The farm bill is a sweeping bill that benefits a long list of programs -- not just sugar. Wasserman Schultz has taken other steps to support Everglades cleanup. But Canova’s point about her specific actions is largely accurate. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/e8e8d7dc-ac5b-467d-bd9a-704468f40e5d
Statement: 'Simple math' shows Biden claims 13 million more votes than there were eligible voters who voted in 2020 election.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 20, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A headline on The Gateway Pundit said, "REVEALED: ‘Simple math’ shows Biden claims 13 million more votes than there were eligible voters who voted in 2020 election." This isn’t a case of simple math; it's a case of flawed analysis. The Gateway Pundit conflated registered voters with eligible voters. The two are not the same. There is no  that Biden claimed 13 million more votes than was mathematically possible.  This statement rates !
Statement: If Trump had just put his father's money in a mutual fund ... he'd have $8 billion.
Speaker: occupy democrats
About the speaker: Occupy Democrats, founded in 2012, is an advocacy group created to counterbalance the Republican tea party, and to "give President Obama and other progressive Democrats a Congress that will work with them to grow the economy, create jobs, promote fairness and fight inequality, and get money out of politics!"
Date: December 2, 2015
Topics: wealth;punditfact
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Occupy Democrats shared an image that said if Trump had taken the money he got from his father and simply put it in a fund that tracked the S&P 500, he’d have $8 billion today. While it's  that Trump got a leg up from his father on the order of many tens of millions of dollars, this specific  suffers from a key flaw. The only way to hit the $8 billion mark is to start with $200 million in 1982, and it's  to say that was Trump's father's money. While the father's business put Trump on the path to have $200 million in 1982, Trump himself had been running the company for eight years.  We rate this  .