chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The Biden administration has "created" more than double the number of jobs per month, on average, than any other administration going back to George H.W. Bush.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: October 8, 2022
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Biden’s administration said in an Instagram post that he has "created" more than double the number of jobs per month, on average, of any president going back to the elder Bush. The chart accurately uses raw numbers, but the comparison is less than meets the eye. The  relies on less than two years under Biden to either four- or eight-year terms for his predecessors. Economists say this puts Biden at an advantage, because most of his predecessors experienced a recession, which hampered their tenure-long job-creation averages. Meanwhile, using a different metric — percentage increase — Biden ranks third among the last six presidents. And the White House’s use of the word "created" in reference to jobs is not entirely warranted, because presidential policies are not the only factor shaping job growth. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important context, so we rate it .
Statement: The United States "is number one in the world in energy resources; Russia is number two.
Speaker: george allen
About the speaker: George Allen was a U.S. senator from 2001-2007. He was governor of Virginia from 1994-1998.
Date: December 7, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: energy
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Russia has tried to stake some claims, but Canada, the United States and Denmark -- which controls Greenland -- will also want a say. Our conclusion: Allen said the U.S. has the most plentiful energy resources in the world, followed by Russia. According to the Congressional Research Service, the U.S. has the largest proven reserve of fossil fuel resources and Russia is No. 2.  Data from the Energy Information Agency show that Russia has the largest volume of the three fossil fuels. But the American lead in coal, which produces very high amounts of energy when burned, means the United States narrowly edges Russia in the CRS report. We rate the statement .
Statement: An "abortion procedure is actually safer than a vasectomy.
Speaker: mary gonzález
About the speaker: Mary González, initially elected to the Texas House in 2012, hails from Clint, near El Paso. In the 85th Legislature, she was appointed to the budget-drafting House Committee on Appropriations and was vice chair of the Agriculture and Livestock Committee.
Date: May 11, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: abortion;corrections and updates;health care
Context: House debate of House Bill 2962
Fact-check justification: González said an "abortion procedure is actually safer than a vasectomy." Both procedures rarely have complications, a clarification missing from this declaration. That said, abortion procedures appear to have lower complication rates. We rate the  .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Watch those GDP numbers. We started off at a very low number, and right now we hit a 3.2 (percent). Nobody thought that was possible.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 28, 2018
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: Mount Pleasant, Wis
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Watch those GDP numbers. We started off at a very low number, and right now we hit a 3.2 (percent). Nobody thought that was possible." This is  two ways. First, the most recent saw GDP growth of 2.0 percent, not 3.2 percent. And second, exceeding 3 percent GDP growth in a quarter is not an unusual achievement -- Obama accomplished it eight times. The real achievement would be a full year at 3 percent, which hasn’t happened under Trump yet. We rate the statement .
Statement: Hillary Clinton spied on President Trump.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: February 16, 2022
Topics: crime;ad watch
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Trump’s Save America PAC claimed in an ad: "Hillary Clinton spied on President Trump." Durham has not made this allegation, and we’ve found no  to support the . We rate it .
Statement: Health care reform "establishes a new board of federal bureaucrats (the 'Health Benefits Advisory Committee') to dictate the health plans that all individuals must purchase.
Speaker: house republican conference
About the speaker: House Republicans are represented by the House Republican Conference.
Date: October 29, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: People are then free to select any health plan they like that meets or exceeds the basic requirements. So the committee does not dictate which health plans all individuals must purchase. We find the House Republican Conference's statement, "Page 111 - Section 223 establishes a new board of federal bureaucrats (the 'Health Benefits Advisory Committee') to dictate the health plans that all individuals must purchase," makes it sound as if bureaucrats tell you which plan you have to buy. In reality, the committee advises the secretary of Health and Human Services on what baseline coverage should include. We rate the statement .
Statement: DirecTV cancels OAN after Joe Biden orders media outlets and tech giants to banish voices that deviate from the regime's official narrative.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 17, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Then Herring sued AT&T, which agreed to carry the channel as part of a settlement.   The DirecTV spokesperson told NPR that the company considers several factors when deciding whether to renew a contract, including in this case whether OAN appealed to a broad enough base of customers.   The Facebook post suggests that DirecTV dropped OAN on Biden’s orders but there’s no  to support such claims. Biden urged media companies to stop spreading misinformation about COVID-19, but he didn’t direct them to make specific business decisions.   We rate this post .
Statement: OSHA says masks don't work" to reduce COVID-19 transmission "and violate OSHA oxygen levels.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 18, 2020
Topics: labor;public health;workers;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims "OSHA says masks don't work" to reduce COVID-19 transmission "and violate OSHA oxygen levels." OSHA actively recommends masks, when appropriate, in the workplace, and has made no determination on whether they affect a person’s oxygen levels.  We rate the post .
Statement: Portland spent nearly $1 million in federal stimulus money to install bike path signs where they already existed.
Speaker: victoria taft
About the speaker: Victoria Taft is a conservative talk show host on KPAM radio.
Date: December 22, 2010
Location: oregon
Topics: stimulus;transportation
Context: a website posting
Fact-check justification: Or for spending too much on overhead costs. But the message from the two was that all of the $900,000 was spent on slightly different signs where other signs "already existed." And that’s . We rule the  . Comment on this item.
Statement: Says that over the past 20 years, Texas public school spending rose 142 percent and per-pupil spending more than tripled when adjusted for inflation.
Speaker: jason isaac
About the speaker: Jason Isaac was initially elected in 2010 to represent District 45 in the Texas House. He's a 2018 candidate for the U.S. House seat to be vacated by Lamar Smith, R-San Antonio.
Date: October 22, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a League of Women Voters guide for Texas and Austin voters
Fact-check justification: Isaac said, "Over the past 20 years, expenditures for education have increased 142% and Texas’ per-pupil costs have increased from $3,659 to $11,024 after adjusting for inflation." He’s correct that, adjusted for inflation, total spending went up 142 percent from 1988 through 2008. But that leaves out recent years, including those affected by 2011’s legislative changes. And focusing on the increase alone without taking into account growth factors, especially enrollment, can be . A different measure, budgeted total spending, rose 72 percent from 1992 through 2012. Isaac indicated that per-pupil spending had tripled after adjusting for inflation. The correct amounts show it didn’t even double. So while Isaac’s comment has an element of  -- spending did increase -- his first declared fact lacks vital context and the second is a substantial overstatement. We rate the overall statement as .
Statement: Millions of Americans are "paying more and getting less" under Obamacare.
Speaker: americans for prosperity
About the speaker: Americans for Prosperity is a conservative group advocates for limited government, free markets and fiscal and regulatory restraint.
Date: March 17, 2014
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a political ad
Fact-check justification: Americans for Prosperity said "millions are paying more and getting less" under Obamacare. We found their explanation of "less" rather dubious. Most people on the individual market are getting more benefits under the law. At worst, they’re paying more to get more, though in many cases they’re actually paying less. We rate this  .
Statement: Malia Obama Fired From Cushy Internship At Spanish Embassy
Speaker: freedomcrossroads.us
About the speaker: A website associated with fake news.
Date: June 29, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog
Fact-check justification: We don’t know whose carrier pigeons the story refers to, but there were no reports of pigeons during her internship last year, either. This isn’t the first time a  news story about the former president’s eldest daughter has made its rounds on blogs and Facebook this year. Previous reports we’ve debunked said that Malia was expelled from Harvard before she even started and that she was arrested for drinking, drugs and dog-fighting. The latest story appeared on FreedomCrossroads.us, an unreliable site that as we have noted previously , has an About Us page that claims it "uses facts that don’t exist and relies more on imagination than the ." We rate this statement !
Statement: A large number of the uninsured earn $75,000 or more a year.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: May 15, 2011
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: The census shows that there are 10.6 million individuals who live in households that earn more than $75,000, and they constitute 21 percent of the uninsured. Because the census counts household income, it's likely some of these people are not making $75,000 on their own, but we don't know how many. We can't say if it's a lot or a little. Still, the census numbers suggest that at least some high earners are uninsured, and there's some wiggle room in what exactly Gingrich meant by "a large number." So we rate Gingrich's statement .
Statement: Jamaica has not recorded any case of the coronavirus.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 19, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has flagged the country for having a "very high level of COVID-19" and advises people to avoid travel to Jamaica. While some researchers are investigating the potential benefits and risks of cannabis in preventing or treating COVID-19, the science is inconclusive. But health officials have discouraged smoking marijauna , as COVID-19 attacks the lungs.   What’s clearly not : that Jamaica has no reported COVID-19 cases thanks to cannabis.   We rate this post !
Statement: Says Bruce Springsteen played in 1975 at Seton Hall University in South Orange at Walsh gym.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: September 5, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: pop culture
Context: an appearance on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon
Fact-check justification: Before performing part of "Thunder Road" with Fallon, Christie told the late-night host that his first Springsteen concert was "at Seton Hall University in South Orange at Walsh gym" in 1975. The governor’s Springsteen concert history is correct. As part of Springsteen’s "Born to Run" tour, the Boss performed 21 songs on Dec. 11, 1975 at Walsh gym at Seton Hall University. We rate the statement . To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: West Virginia is sixth overall in the average number of at-risk youth.
Speaker: woody thrasher
About the speaker: Woody Thrasher is a Republican running for governor of West Virginia against incumbent Republican Jim Justice. He founded the civil engineering firm Thrasher Engineering in 1983 and later served under Justice as secretary of the West Virginia Department of Commerce.
Date: August 21, 2019
Location: west virginia
Topics: children;education;jobs;public health
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Thrasher said that "West Virginia is sixth overall in the average number of at-risk youth." He is correctly citing a study by the website WalletHub that came up with its ranking by using 15 metrics on youth health, employment, and education. An expert said this is a reasonable way to compare states against each other, though it’s hardly the only way; the use of other data points or weighting of the factors could produce somewhat different rankings. We rate the statement .
Statement: If you've let somebody claim your kids for income tax purposes, you will not receive a stimulus check. The person who claimed your kids is gonna get it.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 31, 2020
Topics: economy;families;income;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: What you won’t receive is the additional $500 that goes to individuals and couples for each dependent child. Instead, that money will be given to the person who claimed the child as a dependent. But if you are claiming a child as a dependent for the 2020 tax year, you become eligible for a payment as well. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate this image .
Statement: Under the health care law, "everybody will have lower rates, better quality care and better access.
Speaker: nancy pelosi
About the speaker: Rep. Nancy Pelosi represents a district in California. She served as speaker of the U.S. House January 2019-2021. Formerly the speaker of the House from 2007-11, Pelosi served as the House minority leader from 2003 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019.
Date: July 1, 2012
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: on 'Meet the Press'
Fact-check justification: House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi said "Everybody will have lower rates, better quality and better access." But even the study that Pelosi’s staff cited as the source of that statement suggested that some people would pay more for health insurance. Analysis at the state level found the same thing. The general understanding of the word "everybody" is every person. The predictions don’t back that up. We rule this statement .
Statement: The Obama White House is renaming Christmas trees "holiday trees.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: October 14, 2009
Location: national
Topics: religion
Context: a chain e-mail
Fact-check justification: "There is no  to this, and the letter referenced in the e-mail does not exist," she said. "No letter has gone out yet from the White House pertaining to Christmas tree ornaments."    She added, "The trees in the White House will be called Christmas trees, and the tree on the Ellipse will be called the National Christmas Tree. There will be no name changes."    So all this chain e-mail deserves is a lump of coal and a !
Statement: Says Williamson County District Attorney John Bradley reduces 36 percent of felonies to misdemeanors and hands them off to her.
Speaker: jana duty
About the speaker: Jana Duty won election as district attorney of Williamson County in 2012.
Date: April 15, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: crime
Context: Austin American-Statesman news article
Fact-check justification: As Duty acknowledged to us, her published comment mistakenly indicated that 36 percent of felony cases in 2011 were reduced to misdemeanors handed off to her office; the relevant "dismissals" category on the state database folds in both cases dismissed and cases referred as misdemeanors. The state database relied upon by Duty does not include a single category breaking out cases referred as misdemeanors, though the counts provided by Bradley and Duty indicate that the share of felonies referred to the county attorney’s office as misdemeanors in 2011 was less than 20 percent. We’ll accept that Duty accurately described the 36 percent figure in other venues. However, her quoted  to the Statesman rates .
Statement: In 1999, the NRA leadership in Washington, pretty much the same people intact, were for (expanded background checks.)
Speaker: joe manchin
About the speaker: Joe Manchin is a U.S. senator from West Virginia. The former governor of West Virginia won a special election in November 2010 to complete the balance of the late Sen. Robert Byrd’s term.
Date: June 20, 2013
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: an interview on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: Manchin explained his continued pursuit of expanding background checks, saying that in 1999, even "the NRA leadership in Washington, pretty much the same people intact, were for this." He’s correct that LaPierre, at the center of the most recent gun legislation battle, testified before lawmakers that the NRA supported "mandatory instant criminal background checks for every sale." But then, as now, the group was opposed to specific legislative measures behind implementation of expanded checks. Even Manchin’s compromise measure may not have passed muster with 1999’s NRA. He’s right that the leadership expressed support for expanding background checks generally, but the details get more complicated, especially in the context of specific legislation. We rate his  .
Statement: Says a video shows a fox allowing itself "to feed koala babies in Australia.
Speaker: youtube videos
About the speaker: Videos uploaded to YouTube.
Date: January 25, 2020
Topics: animals
Context: a YouTube post
Fact-check justification: "The young are thirsty," he wrote in French. "Red foxes." He places the video in a park in Montreal, Canada.   In another video of red foxes suckling that Durocher posted on YouTube in 2014, you can more clearly see their faces — and there’s no confusing them for koalas.   We rate the YouTube post that claims these baby animals are koalas .
Statement: We're $15 trillion now in debt, with a president that's racked up as much debt as almost all of the other presidents combined.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: December 15, 2011
Location: national
Topics: deficit;federal budget;history
Context: Sioux City, Iowa
Fact-check justification: Romney was trying to revive a talking point -- that by the end of his first term, Obama will have added as much debt as all the prior 43 presidents combined -- that was accurate enough to earn a  from PolitiFact. This time, though, he allowed small but significant changes to creep in and weaken its accuracy. Romney confused public debt and gross debt; he failed to clarify that he was talking about the debt accruing during the entirety of Obama’s first term; and he misplaced the word "almost" in a way that makes it hard to parse his . If we use the public debt figure and put the word "almost" where the Romney campaign says it should be, "almost" might apply to one of three comparisons -- one in which the debt is about four-fifths of the way to equalling totals under previous presidents. That’s a grain of , but not much more. We rate the statement .