chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The actions I'm taking" are "the kinds of actions taken by every single Republican president and every single Democratic president for the past half-century.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: November 20, 2014
Location: national
Topics: immigration;legal issues
Context: a speech announcing new immigration actions
Fact-check justification: Obama said, "the actions I’m taking" are "the kinds of actions taken by every single Republican president and every single Democratic president for the past half-century." He has a point that every president since Eisenhower, Republican and Democratic alike, has taken executive action on immigration. However, Obama’s action can be viewed as more sweeping than any of those taken earlier. The clearest parallel is Bush’s action in 1990: The percentage of the undocumented population potentially affected was similar, both actions were structured without regard to a specific nationality, and beneficiaries could qualify for a work permit. Still, most of the actions taken by prior presidents were more limited in size, scope and benefits than the one in 1990. So, even if you accept that the 1990 action is a pretty close precedent, that’s a much more limited  than the one Obama made. In other words, it’s an exaggeration to say that Obama’s actions are "the kinds of actions taken" by every single president of the past half century. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details, so we rate it .
Statement: Says the Koch brothers "funded the fight to let flood insurance premiums soar ... Now they're spending millions to buy a Senate seat for Bill Cassidy so he can fight for them.
Speaker: senate majority pac
About the speaker: Senate Majority PAC is a super PAC that works to elect Democrats to the U.S. Senate.
Date: March 26, 2014
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance;corrections and updates;weather
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The Senate Majority PAC ad said the Koch brothers "funded the fight to let flood insurance premiums soar ... Now they’re spending millions to buy a Senate seat for Bill Cassidy so he can fight for them." Two major Koch-funded groups opposed the legislative rewrite of the flood-insurance law, and AFP has been airing a lot of ads attacking Cassidy’s opponent. But the ad’s message is significantly undermined by its suggestion that Cassidy is a puppet of the Kochs, particularly on flood insurance. The reality is that Cassidy sided with constituents and against the AFP position on flood insurance as recently as last month. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it . Correction : The initial version of this story incorrectly stated that FreedomWorks receives funding from the Koch brothers. While FreedomWorks and Americans for Prosperity were both split off from Citizens for a Sound Economy, a now-defunct group founded and funded in part by the Koch brothers, there is no  that FreedomWorks receives any Koch brothers funding today. This change does not affect our ruling of .
Statement: Quotes Sen. Elizabeth Warren as saying "If women need to be raped by Muslims to prove our tolerance, so be it. Then thank goodness for Planned Parenthood.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 18, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A meme attempts to link Warren to an offensive quote that said "If women need to be raped by muslims to prove our tolerance, so be it. Then thank goodness for Planned Parenthood." Warren did not say that and the quote appears to be entirely fabricated. We found no instances of Warren (or anyone else) saying those words. We rate this  !
Statement: Says Bernie Sanders marched with Fidel Castro and Che Guevara in Cuba.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 28, 2019
Topics: candidate biography;corrections and updates;foreign policy;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A cutline under a photo said that Bernie Sanders marched with Fidel Castro and Che Guevara in Cuba. The same photo appeared on an entertainment website. A reverse image search showed that the historical photo includes Castro and Guevara at a 1959 parade in Havana, but we found no no  that Sanders is one of the men in the photo. Experts told us the man is Regino Boti León at a parade in 1960. We rate this  .
Statement: Broward County's unemployment rate of 5.3 percent is "the lowest in Florida.
Speaker: barbara sharief
About the speaker: Barbara Sharief is the mayor of Broward County as well as a county commissioner.
Date: March 21, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: Davie, Fla
Fact-check justification: Sharief said Broward’s unemployment rate of 5.3 percent is "the lowest in Florida." The rate -- which is indeed 5.3 percent -- is the lowest in Florida among large urban counties. But it’s not the lowest in Florida. Seven counties and two smaller metropolitan areas have lower unemployment rates in the most recent data. Because she phrased her otherwise accurate talking point inaccurately in her speech, in a way that makes the county seem to be No. 1 when it's not, we rate the  .
Statement: Video shows Russian artillery tanks "completely destroyed by Bayraktar TB2 drones" on July 2.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 3, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "This type of drones are used in Russia," the YouTube post says.    The account has shared similar clips before, though it’s more clearly labeled in other cases as video game footage. "THIS IS ONLY SIMULATION, NOT REAL LIFE!" one such post says.    We rate claims that this is real war footage .
Statement: The EPA director under Obama said the Clean Power Initiative would have no effect on man-made CO2 emissions. That's what she said. Go look it up.
Speaker: rick santorum
About the speaker: Rick Santorum is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2012.
Date: March 31, 2017
Location: national
Topics: environment;climate change;energy;government regulation
Context: a conversation on HBO's "Real Time with Bill Maher"
Fact-check justification: Santorum said, "The EPA director under Obama said the Clean Power Initiative would have no effect on man-made CO2 emissions. That's what she said. Go look it up." Many scientists would acknowledge that the climate-change impact of U.S. action by itself would be modest. However, McCarthy didn’t actually say that, and few experts would peg the impact at zero, as Santorum did. We rate the statement . CORRECTION, April 6, 2017: This version corrects the academic affiliation of Rob Jackson.
Statement: Over half" of science, technology, engineering and mathematics students "receiving advanced degrees are not citizens of the United States of America.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: April 26, 2013
Location: national
Topics: immigration;education;science;technology
Context: a speech at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce
Fact-check justification: Once you factor in students seeking master’s degrees as well as students in other STEM subjects -- such as medical science, chemistry and physics -- the overall share of foreign students drops well below 50 percent. Our rating McCain said that "over half" of science, technology, engineering and mathematics students "receiving advanced degrees are not citizens of the United States of America." That’s actually  -- the number is no higher than 37 percent. But McCain has a point that temporary residents account for over half of those earning degrees in many economically important fields, such as electrical engineering and computer science. We rate his  .
Statement: Quotes Gov. Gretchen Whitmer as saying, "Now is not the time to live by the Constitution, it's time to put that damn thing in a shredder.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 13, 2020
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Whitmer’s office also told us the statement isn’t legitimate.   "This is completely  information," a spokesperson wrote in an email. "Posts like these are being spread across social media platforms to create rumors and fear." This quote is bogus and only exists in unsourced social media posts. We rate it !
Statement: Two pipeline workers in the Chicago area were given fentanyl-laced water bottles.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 20, 2023
Topics: drugs;public health;public safety;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A social media post claimed two flaggers working for a pipeline company in the Chicago area were poisoned with fentanyl-laced water bottles given to them by a person in a passing car. The post shared a letter from a Wisconsin company warning its employees about the incident. We were unable to verify if the letter is real. The letter’s  that the workers at NPL, a separate company operating in Illinois, were poisoned is . NPL posted on its social media accounts that the reports are . We could find no credible  the incident described in the letter happened. We rate the  .
Statement: Every piece of legislation, just about, that I ever introduced (in the U.S. Senate) had a Republican co-sponsor.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: January 18, 2016
Location: national
Topics: bipartisanship;candidate biography;history
Context: comments at a campaign organizing event
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "Every piece of legislation, just about, that I ever introduced (in the U.S. Senate) had a Republican co-sponsor."  By our review of legislation introduced by Clinton, she isn't even close. Her campaign says she meant to cast the statement differently, but we cannot rule based on what candidates intended to say. Clinton introduced a significant amount of legislation without Republican co-sponsors. We rate this   .
Statement: Say Kurt Russell and Goldie Hawn support Trump by wearing t-shirt
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 27, 2016
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: on social media
Fact-check justification: The altered version previously surfaced on social media during Trump’s 2016 presidential campaign. Around the same time, another Facebook post falsely attributed a tweet praising Trump to Russell, and our reporters rated it .   Our ruling  A photo posted to Facebook shows Kurt Russell and Goldie Hawn walking arm in arm wearing Trump t-shirts. A reverse image search found the photo to be doctored. We rate this .
Statement: Demand for public transportation is reaching record levels in Wisconsin.
Speaker: georgia department of transportation
About the speaker: The Georgia Department of Transportation plans and maintains state roads and bridges.
Date: April 11, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: state budget;transportation
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The intended statement, which is on the group’s website , said simply that demand was up nationwide, without mentioning Wisconsin, he said. Our rating 1000 Friends of Wisconsin, arguing for restoration of transit aid, claimed that "Demand for public transportation is reaching record levels in Wisconsin." The group can point to hot spots where ridership in 2011 reached heights unseen for many years, and makes a decent argument that transit cuts have suppressed demand. But its  goes well beyond that, suggesting a quantifiable statewide trend at "record" levels -- and hard  of that is lacking. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Chris Christie "inherited the highest taxes in America and the worst unemployment in the region.
Speaker: committee for our children's future
About the speaker: Committee for Our Children's Future, a nonprofit group known as a 501(c)4, launched a television campaign in September 2011 to tout the reform efforts of Gov. Chris Christie.
Date: January 31, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: jobs;taxes
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: Committee for Our Children’s Future claims in an ad that the governor "inherited the highest taxes in America and the worst unemployment in the region." A business-backed group ranks New Jersey worst in the nation for its state and local tax burden. The advocacy group is correct by that measure. But there are other measures of tax burden where New Jersey doesn’t rank first and there isn't clear consensus on how best to define tax burden. New Jersey had the highest unemployment rate among its neighbors when Christie took office, and still does. Among all the states in the northeast, only Rhode Island’s jobless rate tops New Jersey’s. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: A Georgia Bureau of Investigation agent was killed for investigating the election.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 16, 2020
Location: georgia
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: It is hurtful to the agent’s family and co-workers. Please be mindful of the things you write, repeat, or share — especially when there is absolutely no  in them. "  We rate this Facebook post . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: The United States "is the only major country that taxes its own exports.
Speaker: kevin brady
About the speaker: Brady represents a Houston-area U.S. House district.
Date: June 24, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: federal budget;taxes
Context: a press conference for Republican tax reform
Fact-check justification: Brady said that the United States is the only country that taxes its own exports, a problem the GOP tax plan intends to fix. Other countries do exempt exports from their consumption taxes using "border-adjustments." However, experts told us that Brady’s statement ignores the income taxes of other countries, which do end up taxing export income, at least in part. For that reason, we rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/232eaee9-6d5f-4e86-863e-162ba667e2af
Statement: Says "I have been through the gauntlet, when we had riots in that Capitol.
Speaker: leah vukmir
About the speaker: Republican Leah Vukmir was elected to the Wisconsin state Senate in 2010, representing a suburban Milwaukee district. She served in the state Assembly from 2002 to 2008. She lost a bid for the U.S. Senate in 2018.
Date: July 26, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: labor;states;unions
Context: a public forum
Fact-check justification: Our rating During a campaign debate, Vukmir said: "I have been through the gauntlet, when we had riots in that Capitol." That vastly overstates what happened, in an effort to burnish her own stand-tough persona for voters. The  of "riots" in the Capitol was debunked in 2011 and rarely, if ever, has come up since. That is, until Vukmir put herself on the hot seat by recycling the . We still rate it .
Statement: Says he authored legislation "to guarantee coverage to people with pre-existing conditions -- no matter what happens to Obamacare.
Speaker: cory gardner
About the speaker: Cory Gardner, a Republican, won a seat to represent Colorado in the U.S. Senate in 2014. He previously served in the U.S. House of Representatives and the Colorado House of Representatives.
Date: September 15, 2020
Location: colorado
Topics: health care;health check
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Because protecting people with medical conditions requires many moving parts, the brevity of Gardner’s proposal makes it appear to be a fig leaf for a political problem rather than a means to guarantee protections for people with preexisting conditions. The legislation is unclear on whether it guarantees that people with health problems will be able to buy insurance in the first place. And, even if they can, they may well find it priced out of reach because the legislation does not bar insurers from varying premiums widely on the basis of age, gender or occupation. Viewed in its most favorable light, Gardner’s 117-word proposal would only serve as a place holder for larger legislation, upon which more protections would have to be layered to bolster the effectiveness of its guarantee. We rate this statement .
Statement: The Congressional Budget Office "estimates that only 15 percent of this stimulus package will be spent in 2009" and only 37 percent in 2010.
Speaker: pat roberts
About the speaker: Pat Roberts of Kansas was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1996. He previously served as a U.S. Congressman, elected in 1980.
Date: February 5, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy;stimulus
Context: the Senate
Fact-check justification: So we have several problems with Roberts' use of the CBO numbers. He uses numbers for a House bill in a Senate debate, when data on the Senate version has been available for several days. He refers to the stimulus "package," but he uses figures that take into account spending only, ignoring the benefits of tax cuts. His statement leaves the impression that the Senate bill would do little by the end of 2010, and we find there's a lot in the CBO data to contradict that. For these reasons, we rate his statement .
Statement: The woman killed during the Jan. 6 U.S. Capitol assault was shot by a Secret Service agent, not Capitol Police.
Speaker: jonathan brostoff
About the speaker: Wisconsin state Rep. Jonathan Brostoff, D-Milwaukee, was elected to the Assembly in 2014. 
Date: January 7, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: guns;jan. 6
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Brostoff claimed a Secret Service agent was responsible for the lone shooting death in the Jan. 6 assault on the U.S. Capitol. But he now acknowledges that was . Law enforcement confirmed later that day a Capitol Police officer pulled the trigger. We rate this  .
Statement: With the tax controls we already put in place, property taxes on a typical home in December of 2014 will actually be lower than they were in December of 2010.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: January 22, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Our rating Walker said, "With the tax controls we already put in place, property taxes on a typical home in December of 2014 will actually be lower than they were in December of 2010." It wasn’t all because of the Republican actions, and the  is based on projections that could change. But the governor’s main point is solid based on the specific citation he highlights from a respected source. With the caveats noted, we rate this . To comment on this story please go to JSOnline.com .
Statement: The "U.S. trade deficit is at an all-time high under Trump in the last three years.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: September 9, 2020
Topics: trade
Context: Warren, Mich
Fact-check justification: Biden said the "U.S. trade deficit is at an all-time high under Trump in the last three years." The trade deficit in goods was indeed higher under Trump in 2018 and 2019 than in any previous year, though that was not the case in 2017. However, this ignores a substantial surplus in services. When services are factored in, the overall trade deficit was larger in five separate years during George W. Bush’s administration. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says he "cast the deciding vote" to override a vetoed 'born alive' bill
Speaker: dan bishop
About the speaker: Dan Bishop is a North Carolina state Senator who represents Mecklenburg County in District 39. In 2019, he was a candidate for North Carolina's 9th Congressional District.
Date: April 30, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: abortion;voting record
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: So it’s  for Bishop to say he cast the "deciding" vote. We rate this  . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact checks with newsrooms statewide. To suggest ideas for fact checks, email  [email protected] .