chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Defensive medicine costs Georgia up to $14 billion a year.
Speaker: doctors for a healthy georgia
About the speaker: Doctors for a Healthy Georgia is a group that wants the Georgia Legislature to enact medical malpractice award reforms that it believes will lower medical costs statewide.
Date: December 2, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: health care;legal issues
Context: its website
Fact-check justification: Other reports would suggest the impact to Georgia is far less. Everyone agrees the economic impact estimates are wide-ranging. To score a  on this one, you would have to acknowledge that there are wide-ranging estimates of the costs of defensive medicine. This statement is at least partially accurate, but you would need a lot of context to fully understand its full implications. Our rating: .
Statement: Many don't know that Bill Young was once the minority leader in the Florida Senate...because he was the only Republican senator.
Speaker: chris latvala
About the speaker: Chris Latvala is a Republican in the 2014 race for state House District 76. He is the son of state Sen. Jack Latvala, R-Clearwater.
Date: October 9, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: congress;states
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: (The Senate back then had 48 members; today it has 40.) The increase reflected Florida’s evolving demographics, with conservative Democrats in the northern part of the state switching parties and new residents moving from conservative states casting votes for GOP candidates and running for office themselves. Democrats remained in control of the Senate until Republicans took over in 1994. Latvala’s tweet is accurate. We rate it .
Statement: Says this House processed and approved as many bills as previous Legislatures.
Speaker: bruce hanna
About the speaker: Bruce Hanna is the Republican Co-Speaker of the Oregon House of Representatives.
Date: July 1, 2011
Location: oregon
Context: a statement during OPB's Think Out Loud
Fact-check justification: Angela Wilhelms, Hanna’s chief of staff, said her boss was trying to make the point that "co-governance did not lead to inaction or gridlock as many predicted it would." She’s right about that, as she also is correct to say that the Senate and tied House moved fairly heavy-hitting bills on redistricting, education reform, a remake of the Oregon Health Plan and a state budget. Nevertheless, we have to rule the Republican co-Speaker’s statement as . There’s an element of  -- the number of bills isn’t that much different from 2005, and there was hefty legislation on important topics. But he states that the number of bills approved this year was on par with previous Legislatures, and that "ignores critical facts that would give a different impression."
Statement: Says Alabama Senate candidate Doug Jones "wants to raise taxes.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: November 26, 2017
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said Jones wants to "raise taxes." While Jones has criticized tax breaks for the rich, we found no examples of him calling to raise taxes. On the contrary, we found several instances of Jones supporting tax cuts for corporations and the middle class. We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: Signs letter saying Consumer Product Safety Commission is acting "without consultation or input from the company" to stop the sale of Buckyballs.
Speaker: phil roe
About the speaker: Roe is a physician from Johnson City, Tenn, who serves a district in Tennessee's mountainous Northeast corner, and previously served as mayor of Johnson City.
Date: October 1, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: consumer safety;government regulation;public safety;regulation
Context: Congress
Fact-check justification: Blackburn, Roe and their fellow letter writers are concerned that the "nation’s brightest innovators and job creators" are being penalized by an overzealous consumer protection agency. We’ll leave it to others to determine whether the sellers of Chinese magnetic balls qualify as the nation’s "brightest innovators," and also decline to determine the  of the letter writers’ assertion that the agency’s first administrative complaints in 11 years suggest "excessive and selective enforcement." Those are opinions, but it is possible to see whether the CPSC failed to consult or seek input from the company. The lengthy record laid out by the company’s CEO establishes there was, in fact, much consultation leading up the agency’s conclusion that the toys are inherently unsafe. We rule the Congress members’ statement .
Statement: Texas has installed more wind power than any other state, and all but four countries.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: February 16, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: energy
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Germany had 25,777 megawatts, China had 25,104 megawatts, Spain had 19,149 megawatts and India had 10,926 megawatts. Italy was the country with the sixth largest installed wind power capacity (4,850 megawatts) — just over half of Texas' capacity. Not including the U.S., Texas had installed more wind power than any all but four countries. And more than any other state. We rate Perry's statement as .
Statement: Says Democratic leaders aren't wearing masks or social distancing in private
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 30, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: congress;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post shows Pelosi and other Democratic leaders huddled together, criticizing them for not wearing masks or following social distancing guidelines. But the image is from December 2019, months before masks and distance became part of the national response to the coronavirus pandemic.  Citing it as proof in a dramatically different landscape eight months later is , particularly when Pelosi has actually been a strong supporter of mask-wearing and social distancing for herself and the Congressional body she oversees. We rate this  .
Statement: Social Security is in trouble (it's going bankrupt by 2034).
Speaker: sam johnson
About the speaker: Sam Johnson, a Plano Republican, entered elected office after a career in the Air Force that included many combat missions and nearly seven years as a POW. Johnson, a former Texas House member, won election to the U.S. House in 1991. He announced in 2017 that he won't seek another term in 2018.
Date: December 10, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: social security
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Johnson said the Social Security program "is going bankrupt by 2034." Johnson's cited government scenario indicates a mismatch between Social Security revenues and obligations will likely result in shortfalls and benefit cuts by 2034. But the relevant report also says the scenario's underlying assumptions come with "significant uncertainty." Regardless, it's clear that at some future date Social Security will have to rely solely on incoming payroll tax receipts to cover what would likely be reduced benefits. That’s trouble, as Johnson said. Yet it’s not bankruptcy, which suggests a terminal shutdown. We rate this  .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: When I say Mexico is going to pay for the wall, that's what I said. Mexico is going to pay. I didn't say they're going to write me a check for $20 billion or $10 billion.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 10, 2019
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: a roundtable at the border
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "When I say Mexico is going to pay for the wall, that's what I said. Mexico is going to pay. I didn't say they're going to write me a check for $20 billion or $10 billion." Trump’s campaign called a one-time payment of $5 billion-$10 billion "an easy decision for Mexico." The country’s other option would be to lose billions more in impounded remittances from immigrants working in the United States and increased fees on U.S. temporary visas and border crossing cards. Trump as president has thrown out a number of other ways for Mexico to pay for the wall. Now he says it will be "indirect" through the trade deal (though that’s unsupported). But his rewrite of a famous campaign pitch doesn’t clear. We rate this statement .
Statement: The family separation policy actually began under the Obama administration.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: June 7, 2023
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: a CNN town hall
Fact-check justification: Family separations rarely happened under the Obama administration, which sought to keep families together in detention. Based on a court decision, it released families together out of detention. Separations under Trump occurred systematically as a result of his administration’s policy to prosecute all adults crossing the border illegally. After mounting public pressure and criticism, Trump signed an executive order to stop separating families.   We rate the statement .
Statement: Republicans "nominated the 1st Black woman to the SCOTUS & she was BLOCKED & filibustered by… Joe Biden.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 25, 2022
Topics: supreme court;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: She was considered enough of a candidate that Biden said she would probably be filibustered if Bush did tap her for the court. Biden was also among Senate Democrats who filibustered Brown’s nomination to a federal appeals court. But there was no Supreme Court nomination to filibuster. The Facebook post omits significant context and the main premise is . We rate it .
Statement: Says four Republican representatives "voted to impeach President Donald Trump.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 12, 2019
Topics: impeachment;voting record;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Other Republicans who criticized Trump in recent months have faced similar disinformation on social media. After he expressed concern about the president’s July phone call with Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelensky, Rep. Mitt Romney, R-Utah, became the subject of  claims about his own ties to the country.   When Vermont’s Republican Gov. Phil Scott spoke in favor of an impeachment inquiry, another social media post falsely claimed he, too, had "voted" to impeach the president.   This new Facebook post is  as well. We rate it .
Statement: The new Hartsfield-Jackson international terminal was "on time and on budget.
Speaker: kasim reed
About the speaker: Kasim Reed is Mayor of Atlanta.
Date: March 13, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: transportation
Context: press conference
Fact-check justification: It’s  that the delays did not take place under Reed’s watch, but no matter how you slice it, the terminal opened years later than originally planned. If officials say it will open in 2006, taxpayers expect it to open in 2006. Reed doesn’t deserve blame for the delays, or the cost overruns. But the mayor is accountable for the highly   that the terminal was finished "on time and on budget." Reed earns our lowest rating on this one, .
Statement: The administration raises revenue for nationalized health care through a series of new taxes, including a light switch tax that would cost every American household $3,128 a year.
Speaker: house republican conference
About the speaker: House Republicans are represented by the House Republican Conference.
Date: March 24, 2009
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a press release and Web post
Fact-check justification: It is  to call it a "light switch tax." And it is  to cite a precise "tax" of $3,128 -- with no caveats or qualifiers -- when the Obama administration has specified how the money would be returned to people. Given Reilly's comments that they are using his numbers improperly, we see nothing to change our conclusion. So our original ruling stands: . - Bill Adair, PolitiFact Editor
Statement: Says since 2000, Austin's "tax burden" rose more than 40 percent while family income rose more than 20 percent.
Speaker: dominic chavez
About the speaker: Dominic Chavez ran for Place 5 on the Austin City Council in May 2012.
Date: March 30, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: city budget;city government;taxes
Context: a campaign video
Fact-check justification: Chavez drew on a calculation that checks out, though the city’s suggested caveats seem worthy of consideration. We rate his  .
Statement: The climate-change agreement between the United States and China "requires the Chinese to do nothing at all for 16 years.
Speaker: mitch mcconnell
About the speaker: Mitch McConnell is a U.S. Senator from Kentucky and the Republican minority leader in the U.S. Senate.
Date: November 12, 2014
Location: national
Topics: environment;china;climate change;foreign policy
Context: a media availability
Fact-check justification: McConnell said the climate-change agreement between the United States and China "requires the Chinese to do nothing at all for 16 years." McConnell’s staff has a point that the agreement isn’t binding and may simply be codifying changes China had already planned to make. Still, his  is at best an exaggeration. While it’s theoretically possible that China could meet its emissions target simply by shutting down major plants on Dec. 31, 2029, experts say it would be much less risky to China’s economy to spend the next 16 years working toward the goal, rather than doing it overnight. But even if China did choose to make a literal overnight shift on emissions, that still doesn’t account for China’s pledge to increase non-fossil-fuel use to 20 percent of its energy mix. Building that infrastructure cannot be done overnight and will take years to carry out, experts said. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, so we rate it .
Statement: Says five studies show his tax plan can cut rates and still bring the same revenue without raising taxes on the middle class.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: September 9, 2012
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a Meet the Press interview
Fact-check justification: Romney said that five studies show that his tax plan can cut rates and still bring in the same amount of money as today without raising taxes on the middle class. Romney is using the word "studies" generously. Two items on his list are newspaper editorials that can be analytical but are rarely treated as independent research. One article comes from a campaign adviser, a connection that generally suggests a less than independent assessment.  That leaves just two reports out Romney’s five. There is a fair argument to be made that the Tax Policy Center used an arbitrary dividing line of $200,000 to separate high-income households from all others. The same problem lies in setting the breakpoint at $100,000, a choice preferred by at least one of the defenders of Romney’s proposal. The studies from Feldstein and Rosen use 2009 data.  That was an abnormal year and one that made it easier to make the math work for the Romney plan. The analysts could have chosen other years but decided not to. We see no more than two independent studies out of the five claimed. We rate the statement .
Statement: The research showed … that confidence overall in the vaccines increased after the pause" to review the safety of Johnson & Johnson's coronavirus vaccine.
Speaker: jeffrey zients
About the speaker: Jeffrey Zients is the White House coronavirus response coordinator under President Joe Biden.
Date: May 9, 2021
Topics: polls and public opinion;public health;coronavirus
Context: an interview on CNN's "State of the Union"
Fact-check justification: Zients said "the research showed … that confidence overall in the vaccines increased after the pause" to review the safety of Johnson & Johnson’s coronavirus vaccine. There is  to support his assertion. A de Beaumont Foundation poll found greater enthusiasm to get a vaccination after the pause; YouGov polls show slightly declining hesitancy; and an Axios/Ipsos poll found no softening of interest in getting a vaccination despite the pause. However, there’s also  that the pause worried Americans. A Kaiser Family Foundation survey found rising concerns about side effects after the pause was announced. And polls by Kaiser, YouGov and ABC and the Washington Post found low and — after the pause was announced — worsening trust of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine, even if that did not spill over into sentiments about the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. We rate the statement .
Statement: A shocking 20 veterans are committing suicide each and every day, especially our older veterans.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 11, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: health care;veterans
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "A shocking 20 veterans are committing suicide each and every day, especially our older veterans." His  is supported by recent research by the VA and we rate the statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/f5c79ae1-2a18-49c8-a325-8e1146fc012e
Statement: Our tax code is . . . 80,000 pages.
Speaker: barry hinckley
About the speaker: Barry Hinckley ran an unsuccessful race, as a Republican running, for the U.S. Senate in Rhode Island in 2012. A graduate of the University of Colorado, Boulder, he is the founder and former president of Bullhorn Software in Boston. He is also an aviator and has raced sailboats professionally.
Date: December 4, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;government regulation;taxes
Context: an appearance on WPRI's "Newsmakers" program
Fact-check justification: Unlike the U.S. tax code, we'll be brief. Republican U.S. Senate candidate Barry Hinckley said the code is 80,000 pages long, an assertion he made twice on "Newsmakers" and his spokeswoman defends by citing some Internet sources. In reality, it's about 11,000 pages on Microsoft Word and less than half that size in book form. Adding in the IRS's rules and regulations still doesn't bring it close to the length Hinckley says. Only when you include all types of ancillary materials does it begin to approach that legendary length. If Hinckley, whose campaign informed us in an email that the code was 3.7 million words in 2009, had done the math, they would have realized that the code couldn't cover that many pages unless you put fewer than 48 words per page. A few minutes searching Amazon.com would also have uncovered real books -- and page counts -- that were more accurate. The U.S. tax code may be  long, maddeningly convoluted and overly complex, but Hinckley's count is way off the mark. We rule his   . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Says Roy Moore is "on the wrong side of Trump's border wall.
Speaker: senate leadership fund
About the speaker: Senate Leadership Fund is a Super PAC with the stated goal to "protect and expand the Republican Senate Majority." 
Date: September 14, 2017
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: an attack ad
Fact-check justification: The Senate Leadership Fund ad describes Moore as being on the " side of Trump’s border wall." Based on that and the clips in the ad, most viewers might reasonably think that means Moore is against a wall. In fact, Moore doesn’t want to wait and would rather deploy the American military immediately to secure the border with Mexico. If after that a wall is needed, he said the country should build it. What we have is more of a difference on tactics, not overall strategy or outcomes. The ad makes it sound like the gap is more than that. The ad contains an element of  but ignores critical facts the would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: We've cut the deficit by a record $1.5 trillion this year.
Speaker: janet yellen
About the speaker: Janet Yellen serves as the Treasury Secretary in the Biden administration. An economist by training, Yellen previously chaired the Federal Reserve Board and the White House Council of Economic Advisors.
Date: July 24, 2022
Topics: deficit;economy;federal budget
Context: an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Yellen said, "We've cut the deficit by a record $1.5 trillion this year." The final figure remains to be seen, but projections range from $1.5 trillion to $1.7 trillion, which is in the ballpark. However, declaring this a record sidesteps the highly unusual circumstances that made it possible — the expiration of spending measures to combat the pandemic. Although the administration can  credit for improving matters enough to be able to wind down the pandemic-related spending, the circumstances merit an asterisk when records are being touted. We rate the statement .