chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: We have tougher standards holding toy gun manufacturers and sellers to account than we do for real guns.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: April 14, 2016
Location: national
Topics: debates;voting record;guns
Context: New York
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "We have tougher standards holding toy gun manufacturers and sellers to account than we do for real guns." She’s parroting a line she has stated previously. Clinton points to a 2005 law granting the gun industry certain immunity from lawsuits. In her camp are scholars who believe the law made the gun industry less susceptible to liability than other industries, including the toy gun industry. But other scholars think the law made the gun industry’s liability about the same as that of a toy gun manufacturer. And because real guns carry so much more risk for injury than toy guns, it’s hard to compare them effectively.   This is a complex legal question, on which reasonable minds can disagree, so we rate Clinton’s  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/4319fa9b-87b6-473d-a29c-487b2e070a6c
Statement: Canadians face major donut shortage after first day of cannabis legalization.
Speaker: worldnewsdailyreport.com
About the speaker: worldnewsdailyreport.com is a fake news satirical website.
Date: October 18, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: The first day of marijuana sales did result in shortages — of cannabis, not donuts. Customers in Quebec waited in lines for hours. Cannabis-selling websites glitched, sold out of product and crashed. We can’t say the same for the Canadian donut industry. We rate this  !
Statement: Hillary replaces Kamala Harris.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 10, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Away from the federal government, she is hosting a podcast , promoting a new book , and, recently getting choked up on MasterClass reading the victory speech she had written in case she won the 2016 presidential election.   Harris, when asked about it by reporters, has denied that there’s any bad feelings between herself and the White House.   "I’m very, very excited about the work that we have accomplished," she said in a recent interview. "But I am also absolutely clear-eyed that there is a lot more to do, and we’re going to  get it done." We rate this post .
Statement: Says Milwaukee blacks have 55 percent male unemployment, 60 percent truancy, a 50 percent graduation rate, the "worst" reading scores and "lead" in infant mortality.
Speaker: david a. clarke jr.
About the speaker: David A. Clarke Jr. served as Milwaukee County sheriff from 2002 to 2017.
Date: January 23, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;education;health care;jobs;urban
Context: remarks
Fact-check justification: Clarke was  in two parts. He overstated unemployment among black males in metro Milwaukee, which was 29.5 percent in 2010, and he understated the graduation rate among black MPS students; it is nearly 60 percent. On the remaining part of the , reading scores among black MPS students were nearly the worst among 20 school districts in a study. But that doesn’t mean they were the worst in the nation, which is what Clarke said. On balance, we rate Clarke’s statement .
Statement: Fox News "said the New Black Panther Party decided the election for Barack Obama.
Speaker: rachel maddow
About the speaker: Rachel Maddow is the host of MSNBC’s “The Rachel Maddow Show”. She formerly hosted a radio program of the same name on the defunct Air America network.
Date: December 15, 2010
Location: national
Topics: civil rights;elections;pundits
Context: an interview on CBS' Late Show with David Letterman
Fact-check justification: That's an opinion, but it doesn't support her allegation that Fox said the New Black Panther Party "decided the election" for Obama. Maddow would have been correct if she had simply said that Fox's coverage was more extensive and hyperbolic than other networks. But her  that Fox News "said the New Black Panther Party decided the election for Barack Obama" is not supported by the transcripts we reviewed. In reality, Fox’s coverage focused on legal, racial and media-related issues, rather than the electoral impact on Obama. So we find her  .
Statement: Says Scott Walker "cut back early voting and signed legislation that would make it harder for college students to vote.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: June 4, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: civil rights;education;elections;negative campaigning
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Our rating Clinton said Walker "cut back early voting and signed legislation that would make it harder for college students to vote." Legislation signed by Walker reduced the number of days allowed for so-called early voting, in which voters cast absentee ballots at a municipal clerk's office before Election Day, but the blanket  about college students overstates those changes. Some provisions could make it more difficult for certain college students to vote -- if, for example, they don't have a Wisconsin drivers license, or moved to Wisconsin less than 28 days before an election. For a statement that is accurate but needs clarification, our rating is . (Here is a look at other factchecks from Clinton's speech, relating to the other GOP contenders .)
Statement: As a legislator, (Marco Rubio) flipped on a key vote after making a quick $200,000 from selling the house to the mother of the bill's lobbyist.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 7, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;ethics
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Trump said of Rubio, "As a legislator he flipped on a key vote after making a quick $200,000 from selling the house to the mother of the bill's lobbyist." There’s no  Cereceda met the state’s strict definition of lobbying, and he was not registered as a lobbyist. He did, however, pressure Rubio to extend a PIP insurance mandate the then-speaker of the House opposed. His mother also bought Rubio’s house in the middle of a legislative session that could have dealt with the issue, at more than $200,000 what Rubio paid for it. Both men deny the sale influenced debate in Tallahassee, and no one can prove otherwise. Rubio didn’t really have a change of heart on any insurance vote. Months after the 2007 session ended, the House and Senate overwhelmingly agreed on new PIP terms that included fraud protections meeting Rubio’s expectations. Trump’s  has a basis in real events, but there are several problems with the ethical implication he’s making about Rubio’s time in the Legislature. We rate the statement .
Statement: I don't even know what (QAnon) is.
Speaker: kevin mccarthy
About the speaker: Kevin McCarthy, who was first elected in 2006, is a Republican member of Congress representing a district in California. McCarthy was elected as House Speaker in January 2023.
Date: February 3, 2021
Location: california
Topics: congress
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: McCarthy said, "I don’t even know what (QAnon) is." McCarthy has spoken about QAnon in at least three public appearances. He has also explicitly denounced the extremist ideology before.  We rate his  .
Statement: Because of the new health care law, "17 million kids can no longer be denied for a pre-existing condition.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: March 16, 2012
Location: national
Topics: health care;message machine 2012
Context: the campaign film "The Road We've Traveled"
Fact-check justification: We find this  problematic on several levels. While the law does serve as a backstop for those at risk of being denied coverage, the film cites the higher of two equally plausible estimates, cherry-picking a number that’s more than four times as high as the smaller estimate. And it glosses over a key difference: The study focused on people who could potentially be helped by the law if they found themselves uninsured in the future, not on those who actually were uninsured and were blocked from getting coverage by pre-existing conditions today. We rate the  .
Statement: The so-called 'heartbeat' law outlaws abortion before most women even know that they're pregnant. This is one of the most restrictive anti-abortion laws in our country.
Speaker: eric swalwell
About the speaker: Eric Swalwell is a representative of California’s 15th Congressional District. Swalwell has represented the district since 2013. He received his bachelor’s degree in government and politics from the University of Maryland, College Park and a J.D. from the University of Maryland School of Law. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in July.
Date: May 8, 2019
Topics: abortion;health care;health check
Context: posted on Twitter
Fact-check justification: Swalwell runs into data obstacles with the first half of his . He says a six-week ban prohibits abortion before "most women" know that they are pregnant, but there isn’t any research that conclusively says that’s correct. Some clarification would help him here. Most women who aren’t trying to conceive are less likely to know this early that they are pregnant. They probably aren’t taking pregnancy tests or closely monitoring their periods. And women seeking abortions are generally coming in after six weeks. To be fair to Swalwell, his broader point here is : The women more likely to seek abortions are, six weeks from their last period, less likely to realize they are pregnant. The second half of this  is unequivocally correct. Georgia’s law is indeed among the nation’s strictest. This  is correct but could use more context and clarification. We rate it . Update: On May 16, Alabama Gov. Kay Ivey signed into law the state legislation referenced in this fact-check. It does not affect the rating.
Statement: University of Miami researchers have found that the COVID-19 vaccine affects sperm production.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 11, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: A fever can temporarily suppress male fertility, Dr. Parviz Kavoussi, a reproductive urologist at St. David’s South Austin Medical Center, told the Austin American-Statesman . And a percentage of people who receive any vaccine, including a COVID-19 vaccine, could experience a fever after getting the shot. But the effects are short-term. "At three months, it’s going to bounce back," he said.   We rate claims that studies show the COVID-19 vaccine will affect sperm production .
Statement: The man pictured in a mugshot is not Derek Chauvin, the officer who was recorded kneeling on George Floyd's neck.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 4, 2020
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The mugshot in the Facebook post is from the Ramsey County Jail, where Chauvin was held after first being taken into custody. He was later transferred to the Hennepin County Jail — which released another mugshot — and then moved to a corrections facility in Oak Park Heights, Minn., partially due to COVID-19 concerns, a local CBS affiliate reported. There are no credible reports about confusion over Chauvin’s identity or location. Claims that the person in custody is someone else are unfounded and defy what we know from public records.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Tim Tebow says he is wearing #85 to honor his former friend/teammate and fellow TE Aaron Hernandez, who passed away in 2017.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 2, 2021
Topics: sports;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We found no credible sources to corroborate the  that Tebow is wearing No. 85 as a nod to Hernandez.   On May 20, a Twitter account for "Barry McCockiner," which Fox Sports Radio once described as a "satirical prankster" who "continues to dupe some of the biggest names in sports broadcasting," tweeted that Tebow was wearing No. 85 to honor Hernandez.   "I understand Aaron killed people, but as long as he said he was sorry for it, that’s good enough for me," the account quoted Tebow as saying.   There’s no  that Tebow actually said this, or that he’s wearing No. 85 for Hernandez.   We rate this post .
Statement: Says the Donald J.Trump Foundation's money "is his money.
Speaker: kellyanne conway
About the speaker: Kellyane Conway is a White House counselor to President Donald Trump. Previously, she was a Republican strategist and pollster who served as campaign manager for Trump's 2016 presidential campaign.
Date: September 12, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: The ruling Conway said the Donald J.Trump Foundation's money "is his money." That may have been accurate several years ago, but no longer. Tax records show Trump hasn’t given to the foundation since 2008. We rate Conway’s  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/e0381608-a288-4546-ae4a-14d929bc262d
Statement: The US has approximately 5% of the world's population and 42% of civilian gun ownership.
Speaker: pricey harrison
About the speaker: N.C. House rep.
Date: February 15, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: guns
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Harrison said that the United States has approximately 5 percent of the world's population and 42 percent of civilian gun ownership. Those numbers are based on a study that’s now 10 years old. And experts say tracking guns is very difficult. But Harrison’s  is on roughly par with the information available. We rate this  .
Statement: Amy Coney Barrett has said that a woman should not be able to own property, buy or sell without the permission of her husband or a male relative.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 26, 2020
Topics: legal issues;supreme court;women;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Facebook  said, "Amy Coney Barrett has said that a woman should not be able to own property, buy or sell without the permission of her husband or a male relative." Finding no  to back the statement, we rate it .
Statement: Joe Garcia raised utility rates on families.
Speaker: david rivera
About the speaker: David Rivera, a former Florida state Representative, is a Republican Congressman representing Congressional District 25 in South Florida. He was elected to the U.S. House on Nov. 2, 2010.
Date: September 29, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: energy;message machine 2010
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: First, the  Rivera offers that Garcia "raised utility rates" is for a different vote on an accounting issue. Second, the next-day vote (the one Garcia missed) to pass on fuel cost to customers wasn't a rate hike -- though we acknowledge that to customers, it surely felt like one since the monthly bill went up. The ad is plainly not accurate given Garcia's consumer-friendly stands. In fact, it reminds us of the statement made by Average Joe in the Rivera ad ("he lied to us"). So we rate the  .
Statement: Says he "passed" eight measures, including ones to prevent groping at airport security checks and to bar "sanctuary" cities in Texas.
Speaker: david dewhurst
About the speaker: David Dewhurst, the former state land commissioner, was initially elected lieutenant governor of Texas in 2002. He lost his 2012 bid for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate and lost his bid for re-nomination in 2014.
Date: June 9, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;candidate biography;homeland security;legal issues;transportation
Context: Fort Worth
Fact-check justification: In his speech, Dewhurst listed the unsuccessful sanctuary and anti-groping proposals with other proposals, saying he "passed" each of them -- a characterization leaving the impression that every one of them became a statute. That's correct for six of them. But the fact that the sanctuary and anti-groping measures fell short amounts to vital missing detail, making his statement .
Statement: If you have worked during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Department of Labor has finally authorized up to $4,800 in hazard pay for qualified essential workers.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 28, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: They are all hoaxes directing people to click on the link that opens the image of the gorilla.   New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo has called on the federal government to provide hazard pay for "essential public workers on the front lines. "      But the latest proposed coronavirus stimulus package from the U.S. Senate does not include hazard pay , drawing criticism from Democrats.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Most folks' wages haven't gone up in over a decade.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 30, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: corporations;economy;income;jobs;workers
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Our rating Obama said: "Most folks’ wages haven’t gone up in over a decade." It’s not possible to know, considering all Americans, whether most of them saw a wage increase in the period cited by the president. But he cites the best-available figure, which shows the  median weekly wage, adjusted for inflation, was $1 less at the end of 2013 than it was in 1999. We rate the president’s statement . Follow us on Twitter and Facebook .
Statement: Special Forces arrest Deep State Dr. Anthony Fauci.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: April 11, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: The decoy vehicles, our source said, often held Fauci lookalikes or even mannequins that someone had built and painted to resemble him." Real Raw News stories, including the one about Fauci, all have the byline of "Michael Baxter," which is a pseudonym. After PolitiFact contacted Facebook in fall 2021 for a story about Real Raw News, the social media giant removed the website’s page from its platform. The  that special forces arrested Fauci is . We rate it !
Statement: I introduced a bill that would've helped stop the multimillion-dollar bonus packages that CEOs grab on their way out.. (McCain) opposed that idea.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 24, 2008
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: Dunedin, Fla
Fact-check justification: But there's simply no  to support Obama's contention that McCain "opposed that idea." We can find no record that McCain ever uttered an opinion on Obama's proposal, and in fact it's clear that McCain has criticized excessive executive payouts in the past. The only thing the Obama campaign has to support its contention that McCain opposed Obama's executive pay bill is a remark in a news story from one of his to advisers about McCain's general preference for private-sector remedies — a remark made a full year after the Obama bill was introduced. It's not unreasonable to think McCain might have preferred a different approach to what Obama proposed, but that's just not enough to support what Obama is saying. We rate this attack .