chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The 2011 Legislature did not cut Texas public school funding.
Speaker: susan combs
About the speaker: Susan Combs was initially elected as state comptroller in 2006. Previously, she served as Texas agriculture commissioner and in the Texas House. She didn't seek re-election in 2014.
Date: April 4, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a public appearance
Fact-check justification:     Lawmakers cut public school aid, mainly by changing an established funding formula and reducing aid to targeted programs. To say otherwise is ,  and by a wide margin . !
Statement: North Carolina Republican Senate candidate Thom Tillis would let insurance companies "deny coverage for pre-existing conditions.
Speaker: patriot majority usa
About the speaker: Patriot Majority USA describes itself as an organization hoping to empower all Americans. Its action plan includes providing more money for public schools, improving the nation’s roads and bridges, supporting the federal health care law’s provision that allows parents to keep their children on their insurance until the age of 26, and closing tax loopholes for special-interest groups.
Date: February 12, 2014
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Patriot Majority USA’s ad said Tillis would let insurance companies "deny coverage for pre-existing conditions." Tillis’ staff says he is open to replacing the law, perhaps with the Burr-Coburn-Hatch proposal, but he hasn’t endorsed it yet. More importantly, we don’t find examples in which Tillis has publicly advocated replacing Obamacare with something else, at least not prior to our asking him about it in regards to this ad.  Given all of this, we can’t really blame Patriot Majority USA for drawing the conclusion that Tillis would repeal Obamacare and not replace it. Still, we're left with an element of uncertainty about what Tillis' position on pre-existing conditions actually is. Overall, we rate the  .
Statement: Hillary Clinton supported NAFTA and permanent China trade. Pennsylvania lost thousands of jobs.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: April 17, 2008
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: a mailer to Pennsylvania voters
Fact-check justification: Another study by EPI concluded Pennsylvania lost another 44,173 jobs between 1993 and 2004 due to NAFTA. But while the Obama campaign mailer tries to make it seem as though the two Democratic candidates are far apart on trade issues, in substance they are not. It is  that Clinton has in the past verbally supported NAFTA and permanent trade with China. Yet it is also  that she has spoken forcefully about the need to reform NAFTA and to much more stringently enforce trade agreements with China. So we rate the claims in the mailer to be .
Statement: Crime has been getting worse since Jerry Brown was elected governor.
Speaker: john moorlach
About the speaker: John Moorlach is a California State Senator. He is a Republican and represents portions of Orange County. 
Date: August 4, 2017
Location: california
Topics: corrections and updates;criminal justice;crime;taxes
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: It increased in 2012 and again in 2015, provoking concern from politicians and those who research crime trends. The other four years under Brown, however, the crime rate has decreased. In the end, when one measures the overall crime rate from 2010 through 2015 and through 2016, both fuller pictures of Brown’s time in office, there’s a slight decrease. Our rating remains the same. Click here for   more   on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The Employee Free Choice Act mandates the "elimination of the secret ballot.
Speaker: arlen specter
About the speaker: Arlen Specter is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania. He was initially elected to the Senate in 1980 as a Republican and was elected another four times on the Republican banner, even serving for a time as chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, before switching parties in 2009 to become a Democrat. He was denied the Democratic U.S. Senate nomination in 2010, losing in the primary to Rep. Joe Sestak, and retired in 2011.
Date: March 24, 2009
Location: national
Topics: workers
Context: a speech on the Senate floor
Fact-check justification: As a practical matter, secret-ballot elections would be far less frequent if the Employee Free Choice Act were passed. But they would still take place under certain circumstances: during decertification contests, or on the occasions where unions won the support of more than 30 percent but less than 50 percent of the employees (but unions don't generally ask for elections unless they have the support of more than half). There would also continue to be secret-ballot elections in instances where a majority of employees say they want one. That is, where more than 50 percent of the employees sign cards requesting a vote on unionization rather than cards saying they want a union to represent them. So we find Specter's  to be .
Statement: Last year, "244 suspected terrorists walked into gun shops and attempted to purchase a firearm; 223 were able to get the firearm.
Speaker: charles schumer
About the speaker: Charles Schumer is a Democratic senator from New York and the Senate majority leader.
Date: June 14, 2016
Location: national
Topics: congress;homeland security;crime;government regulation;public safety;terrorism;guns
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Schumer said that in 2015, "244 suspected terrorists walked into gun shops and attempted to purchase a firearm; 223 were able to get the firearm" according to the GAO report. He correctly notes that this is gun shop data from the GAO, but he is  to suggest that the report is a tally of the number of suspected terrorists trying to make a firearm purchase. As the report makes clear, it's the number of attempted transactions, some of which might have been done by the same individual. The statement is accurate but it needs clarification and additional information, so we rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/47d79ce0-3137-4146-834d-1d858403e397
Statement: President Donald Trump will hold his inauguration for a second term at Mar-a-Lago
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 16, 2020
Location: florida
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post purporting to be from the Trump campaign said Trump will hold his inauguration for a second term at Mar-a-Lago. The Trump campaign confirmed the post is a . Trump lost his bid for a second term and plans to move to Mar-a-Lago after his presidency ends. Het has not announced what he will do during Biden’s Jan. 20 inauguration. We rate this statement . RELATED: Timeline: How Donald Trump responded to the coronavirus pandemic
Statement: Accidents are down 50 percent and injury accidents are down 60 percent" in the rebuilt Marquette Interchange in Milwaukee.
Speaker: wisconsin transportation builders association
About the speaker: The Wisconsin Transportation Builders Association is a trade group representing roadbuilding firms and others in the transportation construction industry. It is active in lobbying and education.
Date: May 13, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: public safety;state budget;transportation
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: On I-94, which feeds the Marquette, a DOT study reported a 5 percent increase eastbound from the Brewers ballpark from 1989 to 2009. All that might suggest that volume in the Marquette after the rebuild is roughly the same or higher than it was before construction. Our rating The Wisconsin Transportation Builders Association radio ad contended that "accidents are down 50 percent and injury accidents are down 60 percent" since the redesign of the Marquette Interchange in Milwaukee. There are different ways to slice this, but the ad cites official state data that is backed up within a few percentage points by more recent figures, and is generally confirmed by local data. We rate the  .
Statement: Venezuela is a country whose defense budget is probably 1/600th of the United States.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: April 19, 2009
Location: national
Topics: military
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: So, yes, Obama's numbers were a little off. We're not going to ding him too hard for that, though, as his overall point is correct. And Obama's use of the word probably 1/600th suggests it is more of a guestimate than a hard statistic. The Venezuelan military is indeed a tiny fraction of the size of the U.S. military. And so we rule his statement .
Statement: Says police unions have it "written into a contract that (officers) are not going to be accountable" for misconduct.
Speaker: gwen moore
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Gwen Moore is a Democratic member of Congress, representing Wisconsin's 4th District, which primarily includes Milwaukee. Moore, who served in the state Legislature from 1989 to 2004, was elected to Congress in 2004.
Date: June 12, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Moore said police unions have it "written into a contract that (officers) are not going to be accountable" for misconduct. The context implies that this is referring in particular to deaths they cause. This is a sweeping  that implies by its lack of specificity that officers are shielded from internal, criminal and civil liability by language in their union contract. Unions simply don’t have that kind of power. Police unions do offer protections that can make it more difficult to discipline officers, or result in lesser punishments. But officers protected by union contracts are routinely fired, criminally charged and successfully sued in civil court. There’s a point to be made about union contract influence, but Moore’s attempt to make it was greatly exaggerated. We rate this  .
Statement: I don't think the argument can be credibly made that the United States of America is undertaxed compared to our competitors.
Speaker: tim pawlenty
About the speaker: Tim Pawlenty is the former governor of Minnesota, having served two terms in office from 2003-2011.
Date: July 26, 2010
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Washington, D.C
Fact-check justification: Despite the caveats from our experts, we see no reason to undercut Marcus' finding that the U.S. ranks low among other developed countries in total tax burden. Corporate taxes are comparatively high in the U.S., and that's a worry for businesses and, indirectly, for their employees and customers. But corporate taxes only accounted for 12 percent of federal tax revenues in 2008, so we don't think it's valid to focus on that factor to the exclusion of the broader tax burden. While we won't take a position on the the question of overtaxation, we think that, contrary to what Pawlenty said, there is a credible argument to be made that the U.S. is undertaxed compared to its competitors. So we rate his statement .
Statement: Hillary Clinton is "willing to have workers' wages garnisheed if they refuse to buy health insurance.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: April 18, 2008
Location: national
Topics: health care;workers
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: Is it possible that Clinton's plan could garnish wages? Yes. Her plan has a mandate, and she said it was one of several ways that a mandate could be enforced. But she was clearly speaking of it as one scenario among several, not advocating it as a definite enforcement mechanism. For this reason, we find Obama's  to be .
Statement: J.K. Rowling tweeted, "If you American birds could keep your legs closed then maybe you wouldn't need abortions in the first place?
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 26, 2022
Topics: abortion;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Tweet
Fact-check justification: On June 28, 2022, she shared a video of a British politician showing support for the Roe v. Wade decision. "More proof, as though it were needed, that women's rights are under attack across the developed world. #RoeVsWade," Rowling wrote. On May 6, 2022, following the leaked draft of the Supreme Court opinion, she tweeted that she believes, "women all over the world should have access to safe, legal abortion. "  We rate this viral image .
Statement: There may be a new pandemic on the way after the release of a 50,000-year-old zombie virus.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 29, 2022
Topics: public health;science;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post says, "There may be a new pandemic on the way after the release of a 50,000-year-old zombie virus." But the virus discovered in Siberian permafrost by researchers wasn’t "released." It was taken from a sample and revived in a laboratory using amoeba as bait, a method the researchers said eliminated any threat to humans, animals or crops. The researchers expressed concern about the risks of viruses that may resurface in the future. But experts we contacted said there is likely little risk. The  that a new pandemic might be on the way because of the virus’s revival is not accurate. We rate this  .
Statement: Brewpubs can't sell growlers of their beer to customers.
Speaker: slice & pint brewpub
About the speaker: The Slice & Pint brewpub operates out of Emory Village near Decatur.
Date: September 24, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: alcohol;regulation;states
Context: the fall menu
Fact-check justification: A brewpub owner in DeKalb County has created a series of beers designed to call attention to what his says is the state’s interference between his business and consumers. The IPA in question effectively claims that brewpubs can’t sell their products to go. A new state law is clear that neither brewpubs nor breweries can make those sales. The brewpub does have the option to sell to wholesalers, who can then make the suds available to consumers. But that is not the same thing as getting a growler to go with your pizza. We rate the  .
Statement: We now work the longest hours of any people around the world.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: March 8, 2011
Location: national
Topics: labor
Context: a C-SPAN interview
Fact-check justification: In other words, in addition to those countries listed earlier, there are many more developing countries where people work more hours than Americans. Sanders said "We now work the longest hours of any people around the world." That may have been  when compared to other industrialized nations in 1997. But it's not  now , and it's not  when you consider any country, as Sanders said. We rule his statement .
Statement: And I think that his engagement with Congress is something that never happened under President Obama. They were never allowed to debate it. They were never allowed to discuss it. So, now Congress is going to be fully engaged on the threats of Iran.
Speaker: nikki haley
About the speaker: Nikki Haley announced on Feb. 14, 2023 that she is running for president in the Republican primary. Haley was the governor of South Carolina 2011-2017 and then served as President Donald Trump's ambassador to the UN in 2017 and 2018.
Date: October 15, 2017
Location: national
Topics: congress;foreign policy
Context: comments on ABC
Fact-check justification: Haley said Congress was never allowed to debate or discuss the Iran nuclear agreement while Obama was in office. Though Congress had to fight for the right to disapprove of the deal, the passage of the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015 allowed Congress to not only vote on the deal but to also hold public hearings and debate. The Senate ultimately did not have the votes to block the deal, but the act included a requirement for the president to frequently monitor Iran’s progress in meeting the agreement’s conditions. So Congress did have input, even if Obama initially tried to avoid it. We rate this  .
Statement: Since Rick Perry became governor, "Texas has gone from 46th in the country to 50th in the population that graduates from high school.
Speaker: new hampshire democratic party
About the speaker: The New Hampshire Democratic Party is the Granite State's branch of the Democratic National Committee.
Date: August 17, 2011
Location: national
Topics: education;new hampshire 2012
Context: an interview with the 'Telegraph.'
Fact-check justification: The Democrats say Texas's ranking for high school graduates fell four spots under Perry. They are largely right about the drop, though their numbers are slightly off. The Democrats also exaggerate by blaming Perry. Although experts say he shares some responsibility, it is largely a factor of the state's demographics and history of education funding . We rate his  .
Statement: Tourism and retirees are the dominant economic engines in our state.
Speaker: nan rich
About the speaker: Nan Rich won a seat on the Broward County Commission in 2016. She served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000-2004 and then was elected to the Florida Senate. She served as leader of the Senate Democratic Caucus 2010-2012 and then was term limited. Rich lost a Democratic primary for governor in 2014.
Date: July 11, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: economy;retirement;tourism
Context: a speech to the Florida Press Association
Fact-check justification: Rich said, "tourism and retirees are the dominant economic engines in our state." We didn’t find a simple way to quantify whether tourism and retirees are the dominant economic engine in Florida, but a combination of statistical data and expert analysis suggests that both are important engines, and possibly too important, due to the low-wage jobs they bring. We rate this  .
Statement: Georgia is "the Saudi Arabia of pine trees.
Speaker: georgia politicians 
About the speaker: Various.
Date: July 20, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: energy
Context: political campaign
Fact-check justification: But so will a lot of other agricultural products. And there are still many questions about the viability of the alternative fuels industry. The Saudi Arabia of pine trees? Well, Georgia is at least the Kuwait of conifers. We give this one a .
Statement: Unfortunately we have documented instances where people defecated in the (Statehouse) building.
Speaker: tom niehaus
About the speaker: Tom Niehaus is a state senator from Ohio's 14th Senate District. In January of 2011, his Republican colleagues unanimously elected him to serve as the president of the Ohio Senate for the 129th General Assembly.
Date: February 23, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: labor;state budget
Context: interviews with reporters
Fact-check justification: As Senate president, Niehaus is one of the most influential people in the state government and when he speaks people listen. Yet this  is beyond . It’s a  assertion that is unsupported by the people who actually take care of the Statehouse. Statements that are both  and  get a special rating on the -O-Meter: . Comment on this item .
Statement: In Chesterfield (Va.), the Southside precinct is infamous for having over 100% of the vote count…
Speaker: amanda chase
About the speaker: Amanda Chase is serving her second term as a state senator, representing Chesterfield County. Although she has been elected as a Republican, she has frequently feuded with GOP leaders and is not a member of the Senate's Republican Caucus. She is running as Independent for governor in 2021. Chase has been a strong supporter of gun rights and the preservation of Confederate Monuments. She has been a critic of mandatory COVID-19 restrictions.
 
Date: December 1, 2020
Location: virginia
Topics: elections
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Chase, trying to prove there’s voting fraud in Virginia, says Chesterfield’s Southside precinct is infamous for logging more votes than there are voters.  Election records show the strongly-Democratic precinct has never had a voter turnout greater than 70% in its 12-year history. Presented with statistics, Chase says of her overvote  "maybe it didn’t happen," and "I wouldn’t put any credence in what I was saying." Chase’s voting fraud  is fatuous and inflammatory. We rate it !
Statement: Florida has "the second-lowest (campaign) contribution limit in the entire country.
Speaker: will weatherford
About the speaker: State Rep. Will Weatherford, R-Wesley Chapel, is Florida's Speaker of the House for 2013-14.
Date: January 30, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: campaign finance
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Weatherford claimed Florida’s direct campaign contribution limit is the second-lowest limit in the country. Florida’s limit ($500 per election) is low compared to some states, though it’s not that low when you consider that people can make multiple contributions using business entities. But even still, Weatherford errs in trying to make a sweeping comparison because states don’t have an across-the-board limit. We rate his  .