chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: When Mitt Romney was governor, Massachusetts ... (had) more debt per person than any other state in the country.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: June 12, 2012
Location: national
Topics: deficit;history;states
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The Obama campaign has accurately noted that Massachusetts had more debt per capita, by two different measurements, than any state in the country. However, this  leaves out important context. Massachusetts ranked high long before Romney took office, in part because some of its debt supported projects that in other states would have been paid for by localities. Meanwhile, any suggestion that Romney’s stewardship on debt was harmful to the state is weakened by the state’s consistently high creditworthiness rating and the fact that Romney, by law, balanced the operating budget every year. Finally, much of the debt was actually initiated under the policies of prior governors and legislatures, and experts say that there was not much Romney could have done unilaterally to dramatically change the debt trajectory, particularly given a strong Democratic majority in the Legislature that regularly overrode his vetoes. The  leaves out important details or takes things out of context, our definition of .
Statement: Job growth and stock growth for the first two years of Trump are down from where they were (during the) last two years of Obama.
Speaker: matthew dowd
About the speaker: Matthew Dowd is an author and MSNBC analyst. In 2021, he briefly ran for the Democratic nomination for lieutenant governor of Texas. He served as chief political strategist to Republican President George W. Bush.
Date: March 8, 2019
Topics: economy;jobs;punditfact
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Dowd tweeted, "Job growth and stock growth for the first two years of Trump are down from where they were (during the) last two years of Obama." Dowd is right about job growth under the two presidents, though the difference between them is quite small. But he’s  about the stock market, which increased by a larger percentage during Trump’s first two years than in Obama’s final two. We rate the statement .
Statement: The United States sends "$300 billion -- half our trade deficit -- overseas for oil to unstable and unfriendly regimes.
Speaker: jon huntsman
About the speaker: Jon Huntsman was the governor of Utah from 2005 to 2009. He served as ambassador to China from 2009 to 2011. He is a Republican candidate for president in 2012. 
Date: November 1, 2011
Location: national
Topics: energy;new hampshire 2012
Context: a speech on energy policy at University of New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: Huntsman was a little more nuanced than some of his "drill, baby, drill" Republican colleagues, and correct in identifying, as others have before him, the high cost of American dependence on foreign oil. But much of the oil the U.S. imports is from friendly nations, including Canada and Mexico, rather than "unstable and unfriendly regimes." We rate his statement .
Statement: Virginia has made "no progress on jobs" since Bob McDonnell took office.
Speaker: democratic party of virginia
About the speaker: The state Democratic Party.
Date: August 5, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: jobs;message machine 2012
Context: a web video
Fact-check justification: To sum up: The state Democratic party said there has been "no progress" on creating jobs since McDonnell took office. While the Dems are correct that the percentage of the state’s working age population with a job was the same in June 2011 as it was when McDonnell took office, there is no getting around the fact that the state added 48,200 jobs. Or that the unemployment rate has dropped during his term. That it contradicts the Democrats’ blanket assertion that there has been no progress. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Peyton Manning struggles in cold weather games.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: January 28, 2014
Topics: sports;punditfact
Context: comments from sports pundits and fans on Twitter
Fact-check justification: For the purpose of this analysis, we’re fact-checking some of the many tweets we saw this week about Manning and his struggles in the cold weather. So is Peyton Manning worse in the cold? Overall trends say yes, though the sample size is small. Manning’s numbers go down the colder it gets. But we also found that’s typical throughout the league. And since joining the Denver Broncos, Manning has been quite fantastic in conditions close to what we’ll see in the Super Bowl. And even at his worst, he’s still Peyton Manning. Claims that Manning struggles in cold weather are accurate, but require additional explanation. As such, we rate this  .
Statement: The five people that died in that plane crash … were supposed to go to Ohio to test the water, the soil and the air quality in East Palestine.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 27, 2023
Location: national
Topics: environment;ohio;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: CTEH spokesperson Denver Peacock told PolitiFact that the team was "responding to an incident at the Schumann and Company metals plant in Bedford, Ohio." The Feb. 20 incident was a fatal explosion that killed one worker and injured 13 others.   The team members were identified as Gunter Beaty, 23, production safety data manager; Kyle Bennett, 36, staffing manager, logistics; Micah Kendrick, 41, safety supervisor; Glenmarkus Walker, 32, rapid responder; and Sean Sweeney, 64, the pilot. The Federal Aviation Administration is investigating the cause of the crash .   We rate the  that "the five people that died in that plane crash…were supposed to go to Ohio to test the water, the soil and the air quality in East Palestine" .
Statement: We've had 11,000 attempts to amend the Constitution since 1789.
Speaker: xavier becerra
About the speaker: Xavier Becerra is California's attorney general and a Democrat. Previously, he was member of the U.S. House of Representatives.
Date: July 29, 2011
Location: national
Topics: legal issues
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: None of the amendments passed. Back to Becerra. He was correct that only a tiny percentage of amendments ultimately pass and are ratified. He said 11,000; the official count puts the number at approximately 11,372. That's close enough to earn a .
Statement: On average it takes 300 Americans working for a solid year to make as much money as one top CEO.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: January 21, 2016
Location: nevada
Topics: income;workers
Context: a Hillary for America campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Clinton’s ad states that "it takes 300 Americans working for a solid year to make as much money as one top CEO." There’s no standard metric used to measure income disparity, but Clinton’s ad seems to land on the safe side of many recent studies. Clinton hedges by sticking to a smaller number, but there are still imperfections in the methodology. We rate her statement .
Statement: Abigail Spanberger still votes with and shares Joe Biden's positions 100% of the time.
Speaker: yesli vega
About the speaker: Yesli Vega, a Prince William County supervisor, is the 2022 Republican nominee for Virginia's 7th Congressional District Seat. She is running against incumbent Democrat Abigail Spanburger.
Vega was born in Houston to Salvadoran immigrants and reared in Northern Virginia. She is a graduate of American Military University and worked stints as a law enforcement officer in Virginia with the Alexandia and Manassas Park police departments. She's currently a supervisor and auxillary sheriff in the Prince William County Sheriff's Office.
Vega was elected to Prince William County's Board of Supervisors in 2018.  
Date: July 11, 2022
Location: virginia
Topics: voting record
Context: Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Vega correctly cites data from a nonpartisan website that measures the percentage of times a congress member votes in support of the president when the White House has taken a clear position on legislation. Spanberger’s record is not unique — 198 other Democratic House members also have 100% voting records with Biden since he became president.   Vega oversteps, however, in saying Spanberger shares Biden’s position all the time. She has, for example, disagreed with portions of Biden’s U.S.-Mexico border policies that have not been subject to votes. All told, we rate Vega’s statement .
Statement: Sens. Isakson's, Chambliss' Votes Against Unemployment Insurance Were Votes to Kill Nearly 6,000 Georgia Jobs.
Speaker: americans united for change
About the speaker: A liberal advocacy group, Americans United For Change states on its Web site that it was founded in 2005 to fend off President Bush's plan to privatize Social Security. In 2006, the organization "broadened its scope to build broad public and congressional support for action on a wide range of long-stalled policy issues."
Date: January 14, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: federal budget;jobs
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The  was based on a federal report. Other nationwide estimates suggest the jobs number in the report is on target. But it is still an estimate that’s based on economic projections. And the overreaching point by American United for Change neglects the fact that Isakson and Chambliss back a GOP plan that would also extend jobless benefits. With those caveats, we rate this  .
Statement: Republican Bob Donovan" has "run as a Republican time and again.
Speaker: tom barrett
About the speaker: Tom Barrett served as the 44th mayor of Milwaukee from 2004 until 2021. The mayoral position is non-partisan. A member of the Democratic Party, he was previously elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly (1984–1989), Wisconsin Senate (1989–1993) and U.S. House of Representatives (1993–2003).
Barrett lost bids for governor in 2002, 2010 and in the 2012 recall race against Gov. Scott Walker. He was sworn in as U.S. ambassador to Luxembourg on Dec. 23, 2021.
Date: March 7, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography;city government;elections
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: Schumacher said Donovan "wouldn’t shy away from ‘conservative,’" as a label, but he is independent and not beholden to either party. Our rating Barrett says "Republican Bob Donovan" has "run as a Republican time and again." Donovan identifies as a conservative, but there’s no  he is currently a Republican, or a member of any party. The "time and again" is accurate if perhaps , in that Donovan twice ran as a Republican for the state Assembly in the 1980s. For a statement that is partially accurate, our rating is .
Statement: Says Marcus Aurelius said, "Everything we hear is an opinion, not a fact. Everything we see is a perspective, not the truth.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 23, 2019
Topics: history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Because the universe is constantly changing and each person plays a relatively small part in the world and then dies, Baltzly said, "everyone has a limited perspective on it." But that doesn’t mean that people don’t know anything or that there are no objective facts and only perspectives. "The emperor was a stoic — not a skeptic," Baltzly said. "So I’d call BS on that quote." We rate this post Fase.
Statement: Newly obtained emails show UCSF harvesting the clitorises, testicles and penises of murdered babies.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 6, 2021
Location: california
Topics: abortion;public health;science;women;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: UCSF officials said there has never been a live birth during an abortion procedure at any of their clinics. UCSF’s biomedical research and acquisition of fetal tissue is legal and adheres to ethical guidelines. It is clear that Live Action’s posts take the university’s emails out of context and disregard the facts. Therefore, we rate this post .  – The statement is not accurate.
Statement: Texas A&M University - Commerce "offers counseling, safe spaces for students who are afraid of President-elect Trump.
Speaker: sid miller
About the speaker: Sid Miller, a former Texas House member, won election as state agriculture commissioner in November 2014.
Date: November 10, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: education;elections
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Miller posted an article saying Texas A&M University - Commerce was offering counseling and "safe spaces for students who are afraid of President-elect Trump." After the election, the university sent a letter to students describing its counseling center as a "safe space." Yet that letter didn’t specifically mention Trump while offering services for students experiencing varied reactions. We rate Miller’s statement .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.  https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/bf5c5e0b-fe97-4ac8-819e-052cf348726b
Statement: Louisiana Sen. Mary Landrieu received almost $1.8 million from BP over the last decade.
Speaker: ed schultz
About the speaker: Ed Schultz is the host of the Ed Show on MSNBC.
Date: May 5, 2010
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance;energy;oil spill;pundits
Context: a broadcast of the Ed Show
Fact-check justification: We found that she's only made $25,200 from them in that period of time. That's a huge difference. Schultz eventually issued a correction, saying that Landrieu's only gotten $752,000. But Landrieu has received about that much during her entire career from the entire oil and gas industry, not just BP's political action committee and employees. !
Statement: Hair stylists are required to undergo more government scrutiny than foreclosure consultants.
Speaker: gary schaer
About the speaker: Gary Schaer is a Democratic state Assemblyman representing parts of Bergen and Passaic counties.
Date: August 17, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: consumer safety;housing
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The ruling Schaer claimed hair stylists must "undergo more government scrutiny than foreclosure consultants." He’s right, because there are no existing state regulations governing foreclosure consultants. That term and the regulations would come from Schaer’s bill. Foreclosure consulting done by "debt adjusters" requires a state license, but since Schaer’s statement was in reference to "foreclosure consultants," we rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Arizona House bill to "decertify" 2020 results "could effectively recall the Biden electors.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 8, 2022
Location: arizona
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post and article
Fact-check justification: An article shared on Facebook says an Arizona House resolution proposing to "decertify" the 2020 results in three counties "could effectively recall the Biden electors." The post refers to a resolution by Finchem, a state legislator who has called for decertifying the results of the 2020 presidential election in Pima, Maricopa and Yuma counties.  The resolution won’t change anything about the 2020 election. Arizona certified the results in November 2020, the electors cast their ballots in December and those results were accepted by Congress in January 2021.  The Constitution lays out the process for certifying the election, and that process is over. We rate this statement . RELATED : What you need to know about the  Trump electors RELATED : The distorted  that 86,391 voters in Maricopa ‘don’t appear to exist’
Statement: The child tax credit passed under President Joe Biden "has helped 97% of the families with children who are living in poverty.
Speaker: raphael warnock
About the speaker: The Rev. Raphael Warnock is a U.S. Senator from Georgia elected in a special runoff election in January 2021 and running for re-election in 2022. Warnock, a Democrat, served as the senior pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church, located in Atlanta. The church's former pastors include the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.
Date: August 29, 2022
Topics: children;families;poverty;taxes
Context: Albany, Ga
Fact-check justification: Warnock said the child tax credit passed as part of the American Rescue Plan "has helped 97% of the families with children who are living in poverty." Warnock was citing pre-implementation estimates of how many families would benefit, but he framed the 97% success rate as something that had already been accomplished.  Post-implementation analyses suggest that the success rate could be closer to 75% or 80%. That would have helped a lot of eligible families, but it’s short of the figure Warnock cited. We rate the statement .
Statement: There will be a "clown purge" on Oct. 30.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 14, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: In Australia in 2017, a man in a clown costume was sentenced for chasing a group of girls near a shopping center . Social media accounts such as "Australian Clown Purge" fueled some anxieties , but the user wrote that clowns "don’t mean to harm anyone," and subsequent clown sightings appeared to be isolated . They certainly didn’t resemble the killing sprees in the "Purge" movies . And searching for any credible  of a clown purge planned for this year, we found none.   We rate this  .
Statement: When I ran for Congress, I promised to refuse money from corporate PACs. I've kept that promise.
Speaker: abigail spanberger
About the speaker: Abigail Spanberger is the 2018 Democratic nominee for the 7th Congressional seat in Virginia. A former CIA agent, she is challenging incumbent Republican Dave Brat
Date: August 4, 2020
Location: virginia
Topics: campaign finance
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Both claims were rated . Our Ruling  Spanberger says she’s kept her promise to refuse corporate PAC donations.   She’s raised $4.2 million - none directly from corporations, although an estimated $111,000 of corporate money has come in indirectly through other PAC contributions. That’s less than 2.6% of her campaign’s take, but it counts. Realizing that it may be impossible to block all traces of corporate money from a successful congressional campaign, we rate Spanberger’s statement .
Statement: We haven't built a refinery, I think, in 30 years.
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: January 5, 2008
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: Manchester, N.H
Fact-check justification: So Giuliani has the date right, but tells only part of the story. No significant refineries have been built in more than 30 years, but refining capacity in the United States has expanded substantially and smaller plants have been built. We rule his statement . UPDATE: The last new refinery of significant size built in the United States was a Marathon Oil refinery in Garyville, La. Previously, we reported an  name for the facility.
Statement: Obama "wants a windfall profits tax on oil to go along with the new taxes he also plans for coal and natural gas.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: June 17, 2008
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: Houston
Fact-check justification: Tommy Vietor, a spokesman for the campaign, said Obama was referring to his proposal for a cap-and-trade system for global warming. Still, it's clear from the context that the coal and natural gas comment was more an aside than an announcement of a major new tax proposal. But regardless, Obama said what he said: "What we ought to tax is dirty energy, like coal and, to a lesser extent, natural gas." He may not have a detailed position paper on it, but it seems to be an overall statement of his beliefs and the Obama campaign did not dispute that he said it. So we find McCain's  to be .
Statement: The stimulus program "cut taxes for 95 percent of the American people.
Speaker: bill clinton
About the speaker: Bill Clinton was president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He is married to Hillary Clinton, the 2016 presidential nominee of the Democratic Party.
Date: September 5, 2012
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;stimulus;taxes
Context: his Democratic National Convention speech
Fact-check justification: Those tax cuts -- worth about 2 percent a week -- expire in 2013. However, Clinton left out an important qualifier: It’s a tax cut for 95 percent of working families. Not everyone works -- think seniors or the unemployed, for example -- and when you account for those people, the percentage of people who get a tax cut drops to approximately 75 percent . That’s still tax cuts for many Americans, but not close to the 95-percent range. We rate Clinton’s statement .