chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Texans pay the sixth-highest property tax in the nation.
Speaker: dan patrick
About the speaker: As a Houston state senator, Dan Patrick won election as lieutenant governor of Texas in November 2014 after earlier defeating incumbent David Dewhurst for his party's nomination. Patrick also has hosted a daily talk show on AM700 in Houston.
Date: November 29, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: taxes
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Patrick said: "Texans pay the sixth-highest property tax in the nation." While it may be  that on average, Texas property taxes are the sixth-highest in the nation, the actual taxpayer burden on residents can vary greatly by locality, making the average less representative. We rate the  .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check
Statement: Of the top five cities for staged automobile accidents, three are in Florida. … We rank No. 1 in the country in staged auto accidents.
Speaker: jeff atwater
About the speaker: Jeff Atwater, a former state Senator from North Palm Beach, was elected Florida Chief Financial Officer on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014.
Date: January 19, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: consumer safety;crime
Context: Tallahassee
Fact-check justification: That said, only 0.17 percent of the claims were deemed suspicious or questionable, and only about one in 20 of those involved questions of staged accidents. The sample is not enough to draw conclusions on, Scafidi added, but, "It is a useful tool for analysis and for us to see where the potential fraud hot spots are." Atwater is  correct about the high numbers of auto fraud cases coming from Florida, but he neglects to mention that the numbers he referred to are "questionable claims," not yet confirmed as actual staged accidents.  It’s an important detail. For omitting that clarification, we rate his  .
Statement: The sale of more than 600,000 Wisconsin deer licenses shows that Wisconsin's hunters are the "eighth largest army in the world.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 23, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: military;guns
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A post claimed that the sale of more than 600,000 Wisconsin deer licenses shows that Wisconsin’s hunters are the "eighth largest army in the world."  The post inflates the number of gun deer hunting licenses sold in Wisconsin for the 2020 hunting season by more than 30,000. There’s also no indication that each of the roughly 569,000 gun deer licenses sold were sold to residents of the state. Some were sold to non-residents. Even if Wisconsin had 600,000 deer hunters who use firearms, the group would not be the eighth largest army in the world. We rate this  . PolitiFact researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this report.
Statement: Virginia papers called (Scott) Rigell's campaign 'Mostly False.'
Speaker: paul hirschbiel
About the speaker: Paul Hirschbiel was the 2012 Democratic nominee for Virginia's 2nd District congressional seat held by Republican Scott Rigell.
Hirschbiel, a venture capitalist, is the owner and president of  Eden Capital, a Virginia Beach-based firm focusing on both for-profit and not-for-profit consulting and investing.
He was a founder of a venture capital firm currently known as Cornerstone Equity, which focuses on microcomputer, retail and consumer products. The company was an early investor in Dell Computer and Hirschbiel was a member of Dell's board of directors.
Hirschbiel grew up in Norfolk. He earned his B.A. and M.B.A. degrees from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Hisrscbiel lives in Virginia Beach with his wife, Susan. They have two children.
Date: September 28, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: message machine 2012
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Hirschbiel said Rigell’s campaign had been labeled "" and attributed his statement to PolitiFact. PolitiFact Virginia rated a single 2010 election  by Rigell as , but we never passed judgment on the overall veracity of the candidate or his campaign. Hirschbiel’s statement was over the top and we give it our worst rating: .
Statement: Says he couldn't keep a 42-inch redfish he caught because of fishing rules.
Speaker: adam putnam
About the speaker: Adam Putnam lost the Republican primary for Florida governor to U.S. Rep. Ron DeSantis in 2018. A former Republican Congressman from Congressional District 12 in Central Florida, was elected Florida Commissioner of Agriculture on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014.
Date: April 19, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: oil spill
Context: a posting on Twitter
Fact-check justification: If you're following this, that means that Scott -- based on what he told reporters -- broke the fishing rules. But the Governor's Office later told Orlando's WESH-TV that Scott misspoke. Each angler brought back one fish, and Scott's 40-inch monster was tossed back into the Gulf of Mexico, a spokesman said. And that means Putnam was right when he said he couldn't keep his 42-inch redfish because state fishing rules prohibit it. We rate this  .
Statement: Just two weeks ago, Customs and Border Protection seized enough fentanyl to kill every person in West Virginia 32 times over.
Speaker: carol miller
About the speaker: Carol Miller, a Republican, was elected to the U.S. House in 2018 to represent West Virginia's 3rd district.
Date: February 15, 2019
Location: west virginia
Topics: drugs
Context: a tweeted video
Fact-check justification: Miller said, "Just two weeks ago, Customs and Border Protection seized enough fentanyl to kill every person in West Virginia 32 times over." If you consider 2 milligrams to be a lethal dose -- which the Drug Enforcement Administration does -- then Miller’s estimate is very close to correct. The only caveat is that differences in purity and the health and size of the potential victim can make a difference. That said, there’s no question that the fentanyl from the seizure, spread evenly and effectively through the population, could have killed every West Virginia resident many times over. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Wisconsin state Senate President Michael Elllis (R-Neenah) broke Senate rules during debate on a photo ID bill for voters.
Speaker: fred risser
About the speaker: Democrat Fred Risser is a member of the Wisconsin state Senate, representing as Madison district. he was elected to the Legislature in 1956 and is the longest serving state lawmaker in the nation.
Date: May 19, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;states
Context: a debate on the Senate floor
Fact-check justification: When he was asked later, Risser pointed to the unwritten rules of common decency. But his  focused on the written rules of the Senate, which allow for the parameters of debate to be set by a majority vote. It’s rare, but permissible. And that’s what happened here. We rate Risser’s  .
Statement: Every one of "more than 30 federal judges who have considered the issue of gay and lesbian rights since last June… ruled that marriage is a constitutional right and you cannot deprive individual citizens of that right based on their sexual orientation.
Speaker: david boies
About the speaker: Since 1997, David Boies has been the chairman of the law firm Boies, Schiller & Flexner LLP. He is among attorneys to challenge state restrictions on same-sex marriage.
Date: April 8, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: civil rights;legal issues;lgbtq;marriage
Context: the Civil Rights Summit at the Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library
Fact-check justification: Boies said that since June 2013, every one of more than 30 federal judges who have considered gay and lesbian rights "has ruled that marriage is a constitutional right and you cannot deprive individual citizens of that right based on their sexual orientation." District judges have almost uniformly ruled for gay-marriage plaintiffs in this timeframe, but Boies’ count of such judges is considerably off.  We identified nine federal district judges who have issued such rulings since last June. We rate this , which has an element of , as .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: It's been 17 years that we've had unemployment higher than the national average in Oregon.
Speaker: dennis richardson
About the speaker: Dennis Richardson is a member of the Oregon House, representing District 4. He is an attorney and owns the law firm of Dennis Richardson & Associates, P.C., in Central Point.
Date: July 18, 2014
Location: oregon
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a campaign debate
Fact-check justification: It’s actually been 18 years, but that covers the time frame of Richardson’s . Also, though a state economist said Oregon’s rate was sometimes statistically even with the national average, that feels like splitting hairs. Anyone looking up Oregon Employment Department statistics would find Oregon’s rate higher for the period Richardson cites. Though Richardson implied that Kitzhaber was at fault, he didn’t say so directly at the debate, so we didn’t evaluate that as part of Richardson’s . We find Richardson’s  .
Statement: Before April 22, "we have restored the rights of more than 18,000 individuals, which is more than the past seven governors combined in their four-year terms.
Speaker: terry mcauliffe
About the speaker: Terry McAuliffe, a Democrat, was elected governor of Virginia on Nov. 5, 2013. He received 47.8 percent of the vote in defeating Republican Ken Cuccinelli, who came in at 45.2 percent. Robert Sarvis, a Libertarian, finished a distant third with 6.5 percent.
McAuliffe's inaguration as Virginia's 72nd governor is scheduled on Jan. 11, 2014.
McAuliffe, a wealthy businessman and noted political fundraiser, was co-chairman of President Bill Clinton's 1996 reelection campaign. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2001 to 2005 and chairman of Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2008. In 2009, McAuliffe unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for Virginia governor.
McAuliffe was born in Syracuse, N.Y., on Feb. 9, 1957. He has a bachelor's degree from The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., and a law degree from Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C. McAuliffe has lived in Fairfax County for more than 20 years, is married and has five children.
 
Date: April 22, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: history;crime
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: McAuliffe said that before issuing a blanket restoration of rights on April 22 to felons who had served their time, he already had "restored the rights of more than 18,000 individuals, which is more than the past seven governors combined in their four-year terms." Records prove his point.   We rate his statement .
Statement: I have always opposed driver's licenses for illegal aliens.
Speaker: david simpson
About the speaker: David Simpson is the former mayor of Avinger. He was initially elected to the Texas House in 2010.
Date: November 30, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;transportation;voting record
Context: a campaign press release
Fact-check justification: Simpson said he’s always been opposed to illegal immigrants having driver’s licenses In 2011, Simpson joined House members in voting for the change in law requiring license applicants to document their legal residency, which we take as a strong indication of his position. But there’s a hint of uncertainty in Simpson’s 2013 vote on a proposal offered in favor of unauthorized residents someday getting resident driver permits as sought by Alonzo and others, which importantly didn’t and don’t exist, and his ambiguous 2014 remark about driver’s licenses. We rate this  .   – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: There's going to be a slowdown and delays in flights" as a result of the sequester.
Speaker: raymond lahood
About the speaker: Raymond LaHood, a former Republican member of the U.S. House from Illinois, is secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation.
Date: February 25, 2013
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;transportation
Context: an interview on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: LaHood is warning that once sequestration hits, travelers will experience flight delays. Experts we interviewed said the Obama administration has a fair amount of leeway to reduce the impact on some travelers. That said, the FAA has made clear that air traffic controllers consume so much of the agency’s budget that some will have to be taken off the job, and that will diminish the functioning of the nation’s airports. The rating: .
Statement: Says Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer's family spent May 20 at her second home, breaking her own stay-at-home orders.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 20, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an image
Fact-check justification: "It didn't, and to be honest I wasn't laughing either when it was relayed to me because I knew how it would be perceived." Regardless, there is no  that Whitmer spent the afternoon of May 20 at her house in Elk Rapids. And even if she did, it would not have violated her current stay-at-home order. The Facebook post is . We rate it .
Statement: Over 50% of the people now in the House and state Senate have not been born in Virginia.
Speaker: denver riggleman
About the speaker: Denver Riggleman was elected to the U.S. House of Represenatives in 2018. He's a Republican representing the 5th Congressional District, spanning from Southside Virginia, throught Lynchburg up to Front Royal.
Riggleman was born in Manassas, Va. in 1970. He has a B.A. in Foreign Affairs from the University of Virginia and is a former U.S. Air Force officer and contractor with the National Security Agency. In 2014, he opened a craft distillary. 
Date: January 23, 2020
Location: virginia
Topics: population
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Riggleman says, "Over 50% of the people now in the House and state Senate have not been born in Virginia." Fifty-two delegates in the 100-member House were born outside of Virginia; so were 22 members of the 40-seat Senate. We have trouble with Riggleman’s implication that those born outside Virginia are out of step with the state. Many born outside the state grew up and were educated in Virginia. Moreover, the 52% percent of lawmakers born in other places nearly matches the 50.5% of Virginia citizens born elsewhere. The numbers reflect Virginia’s diversity But the raw statistic Riggleman cites is correct, and we rate his statement .
Statement: Says Texas charter schools "get 100% state $/pupil funding while district schools (95% students) get about 1/3 funding from state w/ rest coming from local prop taxes (which is why those taxes are so high). Districts getting less b/c scarce $ going to charters.
Speaker: donna howard
About the speaker: Donna Howard is a state representative from Austin.
Date: July 18, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Howard said Texas charter schools get all their per-student aid from the state while school districts, which serve 95 percent of students, get a third of their funding that way with the rest drawn from property taxes. Also, Howard said, districts get less because scarce dollars go to charter schools. Howard’s points about student enrollment and state funding going to charter schools and school districts hold up. It’s also  that a student who leaves a district school to attend a charter school costs the district state aid while that student brings the charter school thousands of dollars more in per-pupil state aid than what the district would get. This dense tweet lacks the clarification that upticks or slides in local property values greatly affect whether a district faces ups or downs in state aid. We rate this  .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Texas law enforcement officer fatally shot upon arriving for work by 3 Muslim refugee.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: April 4, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: In reality, the man who killed Greenwood turned out to be William Kenny, an area man who held a grudge against law enforcement. Authorities had conducted a manhunt for a week, but Kenny had killed himself the day after shooting Greenwood . While the post is a real news article posted without attribution, the headline is altered to stoke prejudiced sentiments toward Muslims. It’s a gross misrepresentation of the circumstances surrounding a law enforcement officer’s death. We rate the headline !
Statement: An organ recovery medical team pays tribute to a young female organ donor" in this photo.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 25, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Below the photo that’s being shared on Facebook, the story says "fellow doctors were pictured paying their respects to Zhao with deep bows at a hospital in Hefei City, the capital of Anhui Province. "  There are some similarities between the story circulating online and the reality of the photo. It shows doctors paying their respects to a fellow doctor, who was an organ donor. But it doesn’t show an organ recovery medical team paying tribute to a young female organ donor.   We rate this  .
Statement: A strong bipartisan majority" in the House of Representatives "voted to defund Obamacare.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: September 20, 2013
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;health care
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Cruz said that "a strong bipartisan majority" in the House of Representatives "voted to defund Obamacare." Even if you consider the overall 230-189 margin to be a "strong" victory for backers of the measure, it doesn’t qualify as "bipartisan" except in the most hyper-technical sense. Two Democrats out of the 190 who voted --  more than 1 percent of the party’s caucus -- joined Republicans in voting for the bill. In our book, that doesn’t qualify as much of a bipartisan action. We rate the  .
Statement: Says the Obama administration "will no longer enforce the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA).
Speaker: vern buchanan
About the speaker: Vern Buchanan has represented Florida's 13th Congressional District since 2007.
Date: March 1, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: lgbtq;marriage
Context: a mailer
Fact-check justification: Buchanan said in a mailer that the Obama administration  "would no longer enforce the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)." The Obama administration said in February 2011 it would no longer defend the law in the courts. But the HRC cites examples that enforcement continues -- for example, gay couples can’t file their taxes jointly. We found legal experts who made arguments on both sides about whether not defending DOMA in the courts equals not enforcing it. If Buchanan had said that Obama would no longer "defend" DOMA he’d be on safe ground, but he chose "enforce" instead. The Obama administration is enforcing the law to some extent, such as forbidding joint tax returns or survivors’ benefits in Social Security for gay couples. Still, there’s clear  that the Obama administration is seeking to mitigate the law’s effects. We rate this  .
Statement: Says the Republican "state convention is actually larger than the Republican National Convention.
Speaker: david dewhurst
About the speaker: David Dewhurst, the former state land commissioner, was initially elected lieutenant governor of Texas in 2002. He lost his 2012 bid for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate and lost his bid for re-nomination in 2014.
Date: June 9, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: bipartisanship;economy;message machine 2010
Context: a campaign video
Fact-check justification: Riggs also noted a news article published in May by the St. Petersburg (Florida) Times stating that 50,000 delegates, protesters and reporters are expected to attend the 2012 Republican National Convention in Tampa. So how does Dewhurst’s statement shake out? This month’s GOP state convention drew more delegates than the 2008 national convention, but economic and other indicators suggest the national convention ultimately draws more people. Similarly, though Dewhurst’s boast is justified by one measurement, by another it doesn’t add up. We rate his statement .
Statement: The Civil War wasn't about slavery.
Speaker: gavin mcinnes
About the speaker: Gavin McInnes is a co-founder of Vice Media and a frequent Fox News guest.
Date: June 23, 2015
Topics: history;punditfact
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: McInnes said that the Civil War wasn’t about slavery. McInnes’ preferred research method, Google, proved him . In the words of the seceding states themselves, the South wanted to secede because it wanted to preserve slavery. That, in turn, started the Civil War. McInnes’ Twitter profile shows a man staring intently with eyes crossed, which captures the accuracy of tweet. We rate this  .
Statement: Scott Walker raises nearly 70 percent of his money from out of state
Speaker: mary burke
About the speaker: Burke is a former Trek Bicycle executive and former Wisconsin Commerce Department secretary who announced on Oct. 7, 2013 that she would seek the Democratic nomination for governor in Wisconsin in the fall 2014 election against incument Republican Gov. Scott Walker. She lost to Walker on Nov. 4, 2014. She is a school board member in Madison, Wisconsin.
Date: December 13, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Burke said that "Scott Walker raises nearly 70 percent of his money from out of state." By her layman’s definition of the 2014 campaign season, she’s on target. But the number drops to 56 percent if you use the official state definition of the 2014 cycle -- an approach that weeds out a mountain of recall-related donations from the analysis, as Burke’s campaign said she intended. We rate her  . To comment on this article, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel website .