chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 71.2 percent of Hispanic registered voters in Texas and over 86 percent of African American registered voters participated in the 2012 elections.
Speaker: john cornyn
About the speaker: John Cornyn is a U.S. senator from Texas, former Texas attorney general and former justice on the Texas Supreme Court. He earlier served as a Bexar County state district judge.
Date: August 8, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: civil rights;elections;legal issues
Context: an opinion column
Fact-check justification: Cornyn said that according to the census bureau, 71.2 percent of Hispanic registered voters in Texas and over 86 percent of African American registered voters participated in the 2012 elections. This echoes a result from the bureau’s quadrennial post-election survey, though it doesn't account for another result indicating that far fewer Latino and African American voting-age Texans voted--and the survey also tends to overestimate participation. Separately, Democratic analyses of voting records suggest that no more than half of Hispanic registered voters and 68 percent of African American registered voters went to the polls. We rate this statement, which lacks these clarifications and additional information, as .
Statement: Says Romney wants to "take away early childhood education, slash K-12 funding, and cut college aid … to pay for a $250,000 tax break for multi-millionaires.
Speaker: priorities usa action
About the speaker: Priorities USA Action is a PAC that is supportive of President Barack Obama.
Date: October 8, 2012
Location: national
Topics: education;message machine 2012
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Priorities USA Action said Romney wants to pay for a tax cut for multimillionaires by taking away early childhood education, slashing K-12 funding, and cutting college aid for middle class families. Each charge is an interpretation of how the House budget, proposed by Ryan and somewhat embraced by Romney, could impact education at all levels. The warnings are plausible given the scale of spending cuts called for in Ryan’s budget, but they’re speculative -- these cuts aren’t specified in the Ryan budget, and Romney has said his policies would be different. Finally, spending cuts and tax breaks aren’t a one-to-one comparison, though they do reflect priorities. The ad’s  contains an element of  but takes liberties as it tries to fill in the blanks in Romney's plan. We rate it .
Statement: Hillary Clinton and her campaign of 2008 started the birther controversy.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 16, 2016
Location: national
Topics: obama birth certificate
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Hillary Clinton and her campaign of 2008 started the birther controversy." There is no  to support this. Clinton supporters circulated the rumor in the last days of the 2008 Democratic primary and after Clinton had conceded to Obama. But the record does not show Clinton or her campaign ever promoting the birther theory, let alone starting it. We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: Says Betsy DeVos is the "most unpopular person in our government.
Speaker: frederica wilson
About the speaker: Frederica Wilson, a former Florida state senator from Miami Gardens, was elected to the U.S. House on Nov. 2, 2010. She represents Congressional District 24 in South Florida.
Date: December 12, 2019
Location: florida
Topics: education;polls and public opinion
Context: a hearing
Fact-check justification: Wilson said DeVos is the "most unpopular person in our government." Two polling organizations asking about popularity for about a dozen Trump administration officials back up her statement, though they are a little outdated. We found no polling about the popularity for DeVos in 2019. We rate this statement .
Statement: The vast majority of people in this country are keeping their (health insurance) plan.
Speaker: david axelrod
About the speaker: David Axelrod is a former senior adviser to President Barack Obama. He is now an analyst for NBC News.
Date: October 28, 2013
Location: national
Topics: health care;pundits
Context: comments on MSNBC's "Morning Joe"
Fact-check justification: Axelrod said the vast majority of people are keeping their health care plans. That’s certainly what the 2010 health care law intended. The law was crafted largely to leave in place the health care delivery systems for people who get health insurance either through their employer (about 50 percent of people with insurance) or through the government-managed Medicare or Medicaid programs (about 30 percent). Some changes may be occurring in the employer market that would stop people from keeping the health care plans they have. But the bigger issues are in the so-called individual market, which accounts for about 6 percent of Americans who now have health care. The health care law, in essence, raises standards that will make many plans offered in the individual market obsolete. Experts told us there is no precise data to determine how many people will be forced to change health care plans, but they generally agreed the number will be small this year. The broad consensus is that, for the time being, most people will see changes in their coverage and what they pay for that coverage consistent with changes they have seen with their insurance over the past decade. We rate the statement .
Statement: Most state employees could pay twice as much toward their health care premiums and it would still be half the national average
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: February 1, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;state budget
Context: the State of the State speech
Fact-check justification: But we can come to a firm conclusion on the state employee health premiums, here and nationally. The governor relies on a statistic that mixes public and private workers, but in this case that’s not a problem: Walker’s point is that state workers need to be more in line with their private counterparts. Walker’s numbers for state workers and the national context are right on target. And his math holds up even when the comparison is narrowed to just public employees. We rate his statement .
Statement: The stimulus bill includes "$8 billion for high-speed rail projects, such as a 'magnetic levitation' line from Las Vegas to Disneyland.
Speaker: bobby jindal
About the speaker: Bobby Jindal is the governor of Louisiana and a candidate for president in 2016. He was elected to his first term in 2007. Prior to that, he served as a congressman from 2004 to 2008, representing the suburban areas north of New Orleans.
Date: February 24, 2009
Location: national
Topics: stimulus;transportation
Context: the Republican response to Obama's speech to Congress
Fact-check justification: It's for high-speed rail and conventional "intercity" rail service. States and agencies all over the country can apply for a share of the money for all sorts of expenses related to city-to-city rail service, according to the Federal Railroad Administration. So Jindal was imprecise on a couple of counts — the train won't go to Disneyland and all $8 billion is not for high-speed rail. But he was not out of bounds in employing the Anaheim-to-Vegas train as an example of the sort of project that may be funded by the $8 billion. We find his  .
Statement: The government does not need a warrant to read your old emails.
Speaker: tom graves
About the speaker: Tom Graves represents Georgia's 9th Congressional District.
Date: June 28, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: privacy issues
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: The Georgia congressman said the government doesn’t need a warrant to read our old emails. Current law, in place before many modern technology advances, does not include a provision protecting email over 180 days old from the government’s prying eyes. Graves and a cadre of congressional members are working to update the privacy laws. But in the meantime the old rules stand. We rate Graves’  .
Statement: North Carolina is among some of the top states in the country for the number of ghost guns that are seized as crime guns.
Speaker: michael easley jr.
About the speaker: Mike Easley Jr., the son of former North Carolina Gov. Mike Easley, was appointed by President Joe Biden as the U.S. attorney for the Eastern District of North Carolina.
Date: July 12, 2022
Location: north carolina
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Easley Jr. said "North Carolina is among some of the top states in the country for ghost guns seized as crime guns." His office cited a  by ATF, which said North Carolina is among the top states for ghost gun confiscations. But the agency hasn’t released a state-by-state breakdown. An ATF spokesperson also acknowledged that data is spotty because some law enforcement agencies aren’t reporting some ghost gun recoveries or are still learning how to document them. Easley’s statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, which is our definition of .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton is "wrong" to say he mocked a disabled reporter.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 19, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;disability
Context: Las Vegas
Fact-check justification: Trump said that Clinton is "" to say he mocked a disabled reporter. Trump may deny that he intentionally mocked Kovaleski for his disability, but many Americans believe his remarks amounted to mocking, and we concur that that’s a reasonable -- indeed, perhaps the only -- interpretation of his actions. The notion that Trump’s comments about Cruz and a general undercut Clinton’s  don’t hold water, because all three examples constitute mocking, whether a disability was involved or not. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama has issued upwards of 1,000 executive orders, more than any modern president.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: February 2, 2014
Location: national
Topics: history;government regulation
Context: a chain email forwarded by readers
Fact-check justification: The chain email said Obama has issued more than 1,000 executive orders. That’s not even close. As of Jan. 20, 2014, he was at 168. The email also infers that Obama has far surpassed his predecessors in using his executive powers. That, too, is way off. FDR signed off on more than 3,500 executive orders, and, in fact, Obama is on pace to issue fewer executive orders than any two-term president since 1900. As for the 14 executive orders highlighted in the email? Obama didn’t issue any of them. They came from Kennedy, Johnson and Ford. Almost all of them have been revoked. Overall, the statements in this email seem to be completely made up. So we rate its claims !
Statement: Photo shows Kamala Harris pretending to board an official plane.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 17, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Here’s what it looked like to film this scene," he wrote on Instagram and Twitter . "Entirely green screen Air Force One. Just stairs leading up to a box. #DesignatedSurvivor." We rate claims that the image shows Kamala Harris !
Statement: There has never been a death caused by a [commercial nuclear] reactor in the United States, even when Three Mile Island failed in the 1970s.
Speaker: johnny isakson
About the speaker: Johnny Isakson, a Republican, is a U.S. senator from Georgia
Date: March 15, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: nuclear
Context: a YouTube.com video
Fact-check justification: It’s also worth noting that some scientists back a minority view that the accident increased overall cancer deaths.     That said, Isakson specified in his  that there has never been a death "caused by a reactor" in the U.S. This language is not clear, but it does indicate his  is limited to plant operations, not the long-term aftermath of a nuclear accident. His backup information suggests this as well. We rate Isakson’s statement .
Statement: We only have 2 percent of the oil reserves in the world, and we consume 25 percent of the world's oil on a daily basis.
Speaker: edward markey
About the speaker: Edward Markey was elected to the U.S. Senate from Massachusetts in 2013 and previously served in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Date: June 20, 2010
Location: national
Topics: environment;energy;oil spill
Context: an interview on NBC's 'Meet the Press'
Fact-check justification: That's a bit lower than Markey's 25 percent. But we'll add that in 2006 and 2007, the U.S. share of world consumption was 24 percent, which is just a hair under the number Markey cited. All told, Markey would have been better off using Obama's formulation -- that the U.S. consumes "more than 20 percent" of the world's oil. But he's still close. We rate his statement .
Statement: He took on special interests and won, passing the toughest ethics law yet.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: April 14, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;ethics
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: GOP leaders resisted major changes in law, however, until rank-and-file members from both parties pressed for enactment of a lobbyist registration requirement and House and Senate resolutions restricting gifts. The ad cites a Washington Post editorial that calls the 2007 law "the strongest ethics legislation to emerge from Congress yet." And the editorial credits Reid as the key player, with help from Feingold and Obama. Still, Obama  his role in the ethics debate, and his depiction of the 2007 lobbying and ethics overhaul omits significant historical context. We rule his  to be .
Statement: Private prison systems are calculating how many new beds (they will need) based on the ... number of third graders.
Speaker: kathleen ford
About the speaker: Kathleen Ford is a candidate in the St. Petersburg mayoral race in 2013. Ford is a former City Council member who unsuccessfully ran for mayor in 2001 and 2009.
Date: June 27, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: education;crime
Context: a mayoral forum
Fact-check justification: In making the case for focusing more on education, St. Petersburg mayoral candidate Kathleen Ford said, "We know that our private prison systems are calculating how many new beds (they will need) based on the third grade, number of third graders, and that’s just ." That’s a spin-off of an urban legend. Some of the largest private prison operators in the country say they get their estimates from the states. And the states tell us that what a third-grader does isn’t a factor. It’s certainly not happening in Florida, which is the only place St. Petersburg’s mayor might have some level of control. This  needs to be locked up. We rate it !
Statement: The UK has had ZERO school shootings since" it changed its gun laws after a 1996 school shooting.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: March 29, 2023
Topics: guns
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: We rate this  .   RELATED: What counts as a "mass shooting"? The definition varies RELATED: No  of growing trend of trans radicalization or terrorism, experts say
Statement: No tear gas was used and no rubber bullets were used.
Speaker: kayleigh mcenany
About the speaker: Kayleigh McEnany is an on-air commentator for Fox News and former White House press secretary under President Donald Trump. She was previously a spokeswoman for the Republican National Committee and a pro-Trump pundit on CNN.
Date: June 3, 2020
Location: national
Topics: civil rights;race and ethnicity
Context: a White House press briefing
Fact-check justification: McEnany said that neither tear gas nor rubber bullets were used in removing a group of people from the area around a church in Washington. Tear gas, according to the CDC, includes a broad range of chemical agents, and the one used by federal police falls under the government’s description of teargas. Rubber bullets are different from the pepper balls fired by federal police, but both are fired at similar speeds, both can cause extreme pain, and both are characterized as impact munitions. McEnany makes much of the differences in the delivery systems, but the practical effects are similar. We rate her  .
Statement: We have 41,000 people right now on the waitlist for financial-based assistance for our tech colleges and universities," most of them for tech schools.
Speaker: mary burke
About the speaker: Burke is a former Trek Bicycle executive and former Wisconsin Commerce Department secretary who announced on Oct. 7, 2013 that she would seek the Democratic nomination for governor in Wisconsin in the fall 2014 election against incument Republican Gov. Scott Walker. She lost to Walker on Nov. 4, 2014. She is a school board member in Madison, Wisconsin.
Date: September 22, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;state budget
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Conversely, the UW list -- which includes only students who actually enrolled in a UW school -- likely understates it because it doesn’t include applicants who may have enrolled there if they had received a UW grant, So for all those reasons, the 41,000 waitlist figure is the best we have, but not rock solid. Our rating Burke said: "We have 41,000 people right now on the waitlist for financial-based assistance for our tech colleges and universities," most of them for tech schools. There is a large waiting list, and Burke cites a credible source on its size. But some variations in how the lists are defined by the different institutions mean the number should be treated with some caution. We rate her  .
Statement: Image shows Trump is representing himself in a lawsuit against the United States government related to the FBI search of his Florida home.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: August 22, 2022
Location: national
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Several social media posts circulated the  that Trump was acting as his own lawyer in his lawsuit against the U.S. government related to the FBI search of his Florida home.  The claims were based on a screenshot from the online docket of the case, but it was the apparent result of a filing error. Trump does have three lawyers acting as his defense and they are listed in a copy of the complaint.  We rate this .
Statement: There's more African American males in the penal system right now than there were (enslaved) at the height of slavery.
Speaker: jack salzwedel
About the speaker: Chair and Chief Executive Officer at American Family Insurance.
Date: October 8, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice;jobs;race and ethnicity
Context: a public forum
Fact-check justification: Salzwedel said "There’s more African American males in the penal system right now than there were (enslaved) at the height of slavery."  On a strictly numerical basis, the  is on point. There is some clarification needed, though -- chiefly the fact that the nation’s population growth means a lower figure on a percentage basis. Our definition for  is "the statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information."  That fits here.
Statement: Youngest world leader bans George Soros's Foundations from Austria.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 19, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a fake news post
Fact-check justification: Soros was implicated during Kurz’s campaign when a Facebook page called "The  About Sebastian Kurz" accused the future chancellor, who supports low levels of immigration , of conspiring with Soros to let in a new wave of refugees. The Facebook page was later found to be set up by a consultant working for Kurz’s opponent, Christian Kern . The article’s birthplace, YourNewsWire.com, is known for producing controversial and often falsified news stories. YourNewsWire.com says it delivers "the news you want and the news other people won’t report" . This  is !
Statement: Says Rep. Charlie Bass, R-NH voted to "raise his own pay" eight times
Speaker: ann mclane kuster
About the speaker: Ann McLane Kuster was the Democratic nominee for Congress in the Second Congressional District of New Hampshire, narrowly losing by just 3,551 votes in 2010.
Kuster, an attorney, has not held elected office, but her parents did. Her mother, Susan McLane was a State Senator, and her father Malcolm served as Mayor of Concord, on the Executive Council, and ran for Governor as an Independent in 1972.
Kuster, of Hopkingtom, graduated from Dartmouth College in 1978, in the third class with women, and received her law degree from Georgetown University Law Center in 1984.
Date: September 19, 2012
Location: new hampshire
Topics: congress;voting record
Context: a press release Sept. 19, 2012
Fact-check justification: What can be seen are votes on procedural moves to block the pay raises, or force an up or down vote. Still, Kuster is exaggerating to cite these eight votes to say Bass voted to raise his own pay, because the votes didn’t do that on their own. Still, Bass cast procedural votes that effectively allowed automatic pay raises to stand for eight years, and the practical effect of those votes meant Bass saw raises. And Kuster left out the fact that Bass has voted for pay freezes.   To us, the two caveats amount to a .