chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The addition of a 1 percent sales tax would cost a typical household in Hillsborough County approximately $12 a month.
Speaker: hillsborough area regional transit
About the speaker: Hillsborough Area Rapid Transit, or HART, is the agency that operates Hillsborough County's bus system.
Date: June 18, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: economy;energy;infrastructure;transportation;urban;taxes
Context: a brochure
Fact-check justification: “The real number is probably somewhere in between.” Clearly there are a number of ways to calculate the figure, and the result for all of them is a somewhat imprecise. Still, our research shows that the number in the brochure is very close to the one provided by the MPO, and HART used a recognized, legitimate source in coming up with the figure.  The IRS calculation, while perhaps on the low side, is a recognized standard. So we rate the statement .
Statement: Says he did not say Republicans would filibuster immigration reform.
Speaker: jon kyl
About the speaker: Jon Kyl represented Arizona in the U.S. Senate from January 3,1995 to January 3, 2013. He served as the Republican party whip from 2007 to 2013. Arizona Gov. Doug Ducey appointed Kyl to succeed Sen. John McCain, who died while in office Aug. 25, 2018.
Date: April 11, 2010
Location: national
Topics: immigration;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on "This Week."
Fact-check justification: Still, Tapper's question -- "You said the other day in Yuma, Ariz., that Republicans will use the opportunity to filibuster. Are you going to help with the filibuster of immigration reform?" -- remains an fair summary (though not a quotation) of Kyl's town hall remarks. The video showed that Kyl predicted a Republican filibuster. So Kyl's statement -- that he didn't say Republicans will use the opportunity to filibuster -- is .
Statement: Hillary Clinton is for open borders.
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: July 18, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: a speech at the Republican convention”
Fact-check justification: Giuliani said, "Hillary Clinton is for open borders." Clinton supported a 2013 bill that would have invested billions in border security in addition to a path to citizenship. As a presidential candidate she has called for securing the border and targeting deportation to criminals and those who pose security threats. While her plan would make it easier for many undocumented immigrants to avoid deportation, that’s not the same as allowing a free-for-all at the border and ending enforcement. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/cbe27e82-8435-4872-8e49-12f87464cb98
Statement: Closing the tobacco loophole would save Missouri taxpayers $50,000,000
Speaker: chris koster
About the speaker: Chris Koster is the Missouri attorney general, and is running for governor as a Democrat.
Date: April 14, 2016
Location: missouri
Topics: public health;state budget
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Koster said that closing the tobacco loophole would save Missouri taxpayers $50 million. The tobacco settlement and the arbitration that followed is complicated, but ultimately, Koster did reach a settlement to return $50 million dollars to Missouri. If the legislature passes SB 1096 by June 3, that money would come to the state in 2017. If it doesn’t, the state could potentially be on the hook for even more. Any money the state received would be dollars that taxpayers would not have to provide. Taxpayers could get $50 million worth of services or $50 million in tax cuts. Either way, they come out ahead. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Ronda Storms voted to fund the 'Taj Mahal' courthouse.
Speaker: rob turner
About the speaker: Rob Turner is the Hillsborough County Property Appraiser.
Date: August 13, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: message machine 2012;state budget
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: Turner says in a mailer that Storms "voted to fund the ‘Taj Mahal’ Courthouse." She indeed cast a vote for a transportation bill that included funding for the courthouse, that much is . But there is some additional information we find missing from this attack. Namely, the courthouse money was inserted at the last minute into a larger bill without much explanation. The money, as far as most lawmakers knew, was to build a courthouse, not an opulent one. Once details of the ‘Taj’ became known, Storms openly criticized the plan. We rate this  .
Statement: Says as secretary of state she was reserving judgment about the Trans-Pacific Partnership and "hoped it would be the gold standard.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: October 13, 2015
Location: national
Topics: trade
Context: the first Democratic debate
Fact-check justification: Clinton said when she was secretary of state, she was reserving judgment but "hoped (the Trans-Pacific Partnership) would be the gold standard." She’s twisting her 2012 remarks a bit. Clinton said, "This TPP sets the gold standard in trade agreements," which is a more confident  than if she had said she "hoped" it would meet that standard. This is in contrast to more recent comments where Clinton said she had concerns about the deal and that she ultimately opposes it. The statement is distorting her previous comments. We rate it .
Statement: A flag expressing support for police officers violates the U.S. Flag Code.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 14, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims that the flag expressing support for police officers violates the U.S. Flag Code. According to the U.S. Flag Code, the black and white flag with the blue stripe in the center is not an official version of the American flag. The post suggests that the police support flag includes discoloration. "Discoloration" is not listed in the flag code as a violation. To make its point about a purported code violation, the post also uses an  administrative citation. We rate this  .
Statement: Says in 2000, Fox News broke the story of George W. Bush's drunk driving arrest. "Who broke it? Fox News.
Speaker: ann coulter
About the speaker: Ann Coulter is a conservative columnist and author.
Date: January 22, 2014
Topics: bush administration;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of CNN's "Piers Morgan Live"
Fact-check justification: Coulter said Fox News broke the story of George W. Bush’s 1976 drunk driving arrest. In terms of being the first to broadcast the story, that is correct. On the other hand, breaking a story has the strong meaning of having made the effort to uncover something that was obscure. In that sense, a local news station that happened to be a Fox affiliate gets the credit. While Fehlau's station was contracted to run Fox programming, it is independetly owned and not part of Fox News, the cable news channel. We rate Coulter’s statement .
Statement: The DREAM Act the "would give amnesty to over two million illegal aliens.
Speaker: rightmarch.com
About the speaker: RightMarch.com is a conservative organization formed in March of 2003 to lead the "Virtual March from the Right".
Date: December 1, 2010
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: a chain e-mail
Fact-check justification: The RightMarch.org figure assumes every single child of an illegal immigrant who meets the age requirements will complete two years of college or join the military. That's not realistic. In fact, the Migration Institute estimates the number of people likely to obtain permanent citizenship is actually less than half that. It's in the same report. We rate the RightMarch.org  .
Statement: During Lyndon B. Johnson's first 20 years in Congress, "he opposed every civil rights measure that came up for a vote.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: April 10, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: civil rights;history
Context: speech at the Lyndon B. Johnson Library
Fact-check justification: Obama said that during Johnson’s "first 20 years in Congress, he opposed every civil rights measure that came up for a vote." That was the case for Johnson, who broke this pattern by steering passage of civil rights acts starting in 1957. We rate this statement as .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Florida is now the No. 1 state in the country for automobile accident fraud.
Speaker: holly benson
About the speaker: Holly Benson is a former secretary for the Agency for Health Care Administration. She campaigned to be Florida Attorney General and was defeated in the Republican primary on Aug. 24, 2010.
Date: July 31, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: consumer safety;crime
Context: a candidates' debate
Fact-check justification: Benson claimed that Florida is now the No. 1 state in the country for automobile accident fraud. We spoke with industry experts and reviewed existing literature on the topic, and found that she was largely correct. Data from both the National Insurance Crime Bureau and the Insurance Research Council show that Florida had the biggest number of claims that either the insurance companies or independent reviewers found of questionable legitimacy. Still, those figures only represent likely or potential fraud, not confirmed cases of fraud. We rate this .
Statement: The "highest economic growth decade was the 1960s. Income tax rates were 90 percent.
Speaker: bill gates
About the speaker: Bill Gates is the co-founder of Microsoft and helped launced the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Date: May 17, 2015
Topics: economy;taxes;punditfact
Context: an interview on CNN's "Fareed Zakaria GPS"
Fact-check justification: Gates said that in the 1960s, high taxes, 90 percent, and high economic growth came at the same time. The underlying reasons are complicated, but the numbers largely bear out. On average, annual growth was about 4.3 percent for the decade, higher than any other post-World War II period. Gates was a bit off in talking about a 90 percent tax rate. During the 1960s, the marginal rate fell for a time to 70 percent. Gates did not go so far as to say that higher taxes bring higher growth. And for good reason. The connection between taxes and growth is quite tricky. We rate this  .
Statement: If you rent a U-Haul to move your company, it costs twice as much to go from San Francisco to Austin than the other way around, because you can't find enough trucks to flee the Golden State.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: March 7, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: economy;states;tourism;transportation
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Perry said: "If you rent a U-Haul to move your company, it costs twice as much to go from San Francisco to Austin than the other way around, because you can’t find enough trucks to flee the Golden State." His rate contrast is spot-on--with the difference even wider for renting a big truck. U-Haul generally says rate differences reflect its need to keep equipment available to customers everywhere. We rate this  as .
Statement: If you vote by mail, your personal information will be part of a public database that will be used by police departments to track down old warrants and be used by credit card companies to collect outstanding debt. The CDC is even pushing to use records for mail-in voting to track people for mandatory vaccines.
Speaker: robocaller
About the speaker: Robocaller targeting Detroit voters with misinformation about mail-in voting.
Date: August 27, 2020
Location: michigan
Topics: elections
Context: a robocall
Fact-check justification: The robocall claims the personal information of those who vote by mail will be included in a public database that will be used by police departments to track down old warrants, credit card companies to collect debt and the CDC to administer mandatory vaccines. There is absolutely no  to the claims. While the robocall says that the personal information of those who vote by mail will be exposed, there is no information mail-in voting makes public that isn’t already included in public voting records. Voting by mail does not require voters to share personal information beyond basic identifying information already required when voters registered with the state, and this information is used only for the purposes of administering elections. We rate the call’s claims .
Statement: Says the majority of candidates in Texas' 25th Congressional District live outside the district.
Speaker: justin hewlett
About the speaker: Justin Hewlett, the mayor of Cleburne, previously served as a Cleburne City Council member and a member of the Johnson County Commission.
Date: May 16, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: Our conclusion is that four of the 12 Republican candidates -- not the majority, as Hewlett says -- live (and vote) outside the district. Still, some hopefuls lived outside the district until not long ago, giving Hewlett’s  an element of . We rate it .
Statement: Big oil's filling John McCain's campaign with $2-million in contributions.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: August 4, 2008
Location: national
Topics: ethics
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Combined with the $1.3-million that went to the campaign, that's easily enough to push McCain over $2-million in oil contributions. It's worth pointing out that Obama, too, has accepted at least hundreds of thousands of dollars from oil industry executives and employees, as we note here , and the Center for Responsive Politics points out more recently here . But we're focusing on the  that big oil gave McCain's campaign $2-million. It's not unequivocally , because the phrasing implies that the big oil corporations themselves were the givers, when it was actually their executives and employees, not to mention those of smaller natural gas companies. But energy industry players clearly have given McCain well over $2-million, so we find the  .
Statement: The new Arizona immigration law "says that any police officer can stop anyone who appears to them to be reasonably suspicious of being an undocumented person.
Speaker: alfredo gutierrez
About the speaker: Alfredo Gutierrez is a former Democratic state senator in Arizona.
Date: April 26, 2010
Location: national
Topics: immigration;legal issues
Context: an interview on MSNBC's Hardball
Fact-check justification: As we try to rate the accuracy of Gutierrez' statement, the degree of uncertainty about the law gives us pause, making us reluctant to rule either statement fully  or fully . That said, we think that a close reading of the law and the views of the experts we contacted do allow us to draw some conclusions. Gutierrez' statement -- that the law "says that any police officer can stop anyone who appears to them to be reasonably suspicious of being an undocumented person" -- is fairly accurate, but not entirely. While the law does appear to provide significant latitude for law enforcement officers in Arizona to question people about their immigration status -- on a pretext as basic as a broken taillight -- the law also says the grounds cannot be based on race or ethnicity alone. This is a somewhat more narrow standard than Gutierrez indicated, so we will downgrade his comment to .
Statement: 300,000 pounds of rat meat sold as chicken wings across America.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 15, 2016
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: Internet posts
Fact-check justification: The site admits as much in its disclaimer , referring to "the satirical nature of its articles and for the fictional nature of their content." The original story posted a day before the Super Bowl was played on Feb. 7, 2016, as a joke "warning" people of counterfeit chicken wings. We contacted UrbanImageMagazine.com to ask if they knew the story was , but didn’t hear back. But we smell a rat, all right, and it’s the content of this story. We rate it !
Statement: It's gotten to a point where the average federal worker makes twice as much as the average private sector worker.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: November 10, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;federal budget
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Federal registered nurses actually make more: $77,830, compared with $66,530. BLS didn’t have a "cybersecurity professionals" category. We found federal "computer specialists" made $88,920, compared to $78,010 for their private-sector counterparts. So where does that leave us? That’s why we rate Boehner’s  .
Statement: As Tennessee governor, Phil Bredesen "supported higher taxes on us. Higher gas taxes. Higher sales taxes.
Speaker: americans for prosperity
About the speaker: Americans for Prosperity is a conservative group advocates for limited government, free markets and fiscal and regulatory restraint.
Date: August 29, 2018
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;taxes
Context: an attack ad
Fact-check justification: Americans for Prosperity said that Bredesen supported higher gas and sales taxes. Neither tax changed on his watch. Both the gas and state sales tax remained the same throughout his time as governor. Food taxes went down and cigarette taxes went up. While he piecemealed additional revenues here and there, he opposed raising the broad-base sales tax. The ad uses the word "support" in the broadest fashion possible to mislead Tennesseans about their experiences under Bredesen. We rate this  .
Statement: Says "Rob Portman voted for the bipartisan bill to affirm climate change is real, humans significantly contribute to it and it needs to be addressed.
Speaker: clearpath action fund
About the speaker: ClearPath Action Fund is dedicated to building support for political leaders that believe in conservative clean energy solutions through market-­based principles that capitalize on innovation. Established by entrepreneur Jay Faison, it advances its mission through electoral support for conservative clean energy champions. 
Date: September 28, 2016
Location: ohio
Topics: environment;energy
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: An ad by ClearPath Action said, "Rob Portman voted for the bipartisan bill to affirm climate change is real, humans significantly contribute to it and it needs to be addressed." While Portman did vote for a bipartisan bill recognizing climate change as a threat in need of action, that bill did not include the word "significantly." Portman has voted against other amendments when they include the word "significantly," and has voted for amendments that do not quantify how much human activity affects climate change. ClearPath Action has since discontinued the ad, admitted the  and pledged to release a corrected version. We rate the original version of the ad . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/67974c57-e2bb-4327-a497-e2db21a126f0
Statement: President Obama's American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (was) a fancy name for almost a trillion-dollar spending bill. The ARRA was supposed to fix our crumbling roads and bridges," but now, "we have absolutely nothing to show for it.
Speaker: eric bolling
About the speaker: Eric Bolling is a conservative political commentator. He is a former Fox News host.
Date: November 26, 2016
Topics: federal budget;infrastructure;stimulus;punditfact
Context: a commentary on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Bolling said the stimulus was "a fancy name for almost a trillion-dollar spending bill. The ARRA was supposed to fix our crumbling roads and bridges," but now, "we have absolutely nothing to show for it." Infrastructure efforts under the stimulus can fairly be critiqued for shortcomings in efficiency and for their relatively modest impact on promoting job growth and reducing the backlog in needed repairs and expansions. However, Bolling seriously overstates his case. Contrary to what he said, the actual expenditures in the stimulus bill on infrastructure were dwarfed by a combination of tax cuts and safety-net payments. And both these tax cuts and individual payments and the infrastructure projects funded by the bill undermine his assertion that "we have absolutely nothing to show for" the act. We rate his statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/6e0e521a-4147-4ad5-9506-1544a02138b9
Statement: News clip showing Herschel Walker with early lead in Georgia U.S. Senate runoff is evidence of fraud.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: December 6, 2022
Location: georgia
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "As of 7 p.m. local time, the pool of votes was exactly the same as it would be at the time that counting was finished. But depending on how they were counted you could get — or give — a very different sense of how the election unfolded." The bump Warnock receives in the news clip in this Instagram post is not  of fraud. It simply reflects more Georgia precincts reporting their votes .   We rate claims that this is  of fraud !