chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: African-Americans don't use drugs at a higher level than whites but "wind up going to prison six times more.
Speaker: van jones
About the speaker: Van Jones is a host of CNN's Crossfire. A former environmental and human rights activist, Jones in 2009, served as the "green jobs" adviser to President Barack Obama. He is the author of two New York Times best-selling books, The Green Collar Economy (2008) and Rebuild the Dream (2012).
 
Date: July 7, 2016
Topics: criminal justice;drugs;history;human rights;legal issues;crime;public safety;punditfact
Context: a panel discussion on CNN
Fact-check justification: Jones said that African-Americans don't use drugs at a higher level than whites but wind up going to prison six times more. African-Americans use drugs at roughly the same levels as white Americans, although overall illicit drug use among blacks has been marginally higher than for whites, with some differences in the types of drugs used, according to a national surveys. Jones' bigger point was about the disparity in sentencing, and the rate of African-Americans' incarceration for drug offenses is very close to what Jones said. We rate his  .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton spent 30 days in the hospital in 2012 and appeared "wearing glasses that are only for people who have traumatic brain injury.
Speaker: karl rove
About the speaker: Karl Rove is a former senior adviser and deputy chief of staff to President George W. Bush. He has worked as a commentator and political analyst for Fox News.
Date: May 8, 2014
Topics: elections;punditfact
Context: a panel discussion
Fact-check justification: Rove said Clinton spent 30 days in the hospital and then emerged wearing glasses that only people with traumatic brain injury use. Rove since said he was  about the length of her hospital stay. The actual number is four days. By describing a long hospital stay and tying it to signs of traumatic brain injury, Rove associated Clinton with a more profound medical episode. Experts reject that association. Concussions are the mildest form of traumatic brain injury. The glasses Clinton wore are an optional treatment for temporary problems of double vision that are relatively common among people who suffer concussions along with other conditions. She has not worn the glasses for some time, and the neurologists we contacted said most people recover fully. While Rove never claimed Clinton suffered brain damage, he was  about the hospital stay and combined that with the glasses to exaggerate the nature of Clinton’s injury. His  is . We rate it .
Statement: The Obama administration increased the deportation of illegal immigrants convicted of crimes by 70 percent.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: May 10, 2011
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: El Paso
Fact-check justification: During the eight years of Bush's presidency, deportation of convicted criminals rose from 71,079 in 2001 to 114,415 in 2008. That's a 61 percent increase over eight years. In the first two years under Obama, the data suggest a policy shift toward prioritizing the deportation of convicted criminals. And Obama is correct that there has been a 70 percent increase. We rate his statement .
Statement: 60% of counties in this country are refusing to implement the nation's gun laws.
Speaker: chris murphy
About the speaker: Chris Murphy is a Democratic member of the U.S. Senate from Connecticut. He previously represented a district in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Date: November 27, 2022
Location: colorado
Topics: national;congress;florida;guns;virginia
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: Murphy said "60 percent of counties in this country are refusing to implement the nation's gun laws." Murphy’s statistic reflects an Associated Press analysis that found 2,000 counties have passed "Second Amendment sanctuary" policies pledging to not enforce some gun restrictions passed by their states. This represents about 60% of the nation’s 3,000 counties. But the resolutions do not necessarily mean that the jurisdiction doesn’t enforce gun laws — much less federal laws that take precedence over state and local laws. In some instances, counties with such resolutions are less likely to use the state’s red flag law. More research is warranted, experts say. We rate this statement . RELATED : Ask PolitiFact: What are red flag gun laws and do they keep people safe? RELATED : What Illinois’ ‘red flag’ gun law means after the Highland Park shooting RELATED : All of our fact-checks about guns
Statement: If you get a flu shot, you're "poisoning yourself.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 11, 2018
Topics: fake news;health care;public health;facebook fact-checks
Fact-check justification: The human body, in fact, makes its own formaldehyde and is continuously processing the chemical. A healthy newborn weighing 6 to 8 pounds has 50 to 70 times more formaldehyde in their body than what they would get from all their vaccines, according to the Food and Drug Administration. In short, the  that you are poisoning yourself when you get the flu vaccine is . The fact that the vaccine could save you days of misery; prevent you from spreading the virus to family, friends and coworkers; and might even save your life or, indirectly, the lives of others, makes the  irresponsible. We rate it !
Statement: Says that as vice president, he pinned a Silver Star on a Navy captain in Afghanistan who had carried a mortally wounded comrade out of a ravine, and resisted receiving a medal for his actions.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: August 23, 2019
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;military
Context: Hanover, N.H
Fact-check justification: Biden said that as vice president, he pinned a Silver Star on a Navy Captain in Afghanistan. Biden said the soldier pulled a mortally wounded comrade out of a ravine, and later resisted receiving a medal. Biden did pin a medal on a soldier who felt he didn’t deserve a medal, and it was in Afghanistan. From there, several details are : The soldier tried to rescue a comrade from a burning Humvee, not off the slope of a ravine. He was an Army specialist, not a Navy captain. Biden was a senator, not vice president. The medal was a Bronze Star, not a Silver Star. The emotional element of a soldier who feels his medal is unwarranted is accurate. But Biden embellished the tale with details to give the story an unimpeachable ring of , and the facts don’t back that up. We rate this .
Statement: Over the last eight years, we've shown that even though we've cut taxes by $8 billion, revenues continue to grow.
Speaker: john nygren
About the speaker: John Nygren is a Republican who represents the 89th District in the Wisconsin State Assembly
Date: February 12, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Nygren’s verbiage calling that tally a "tax cut" differed from Walker’s statement in 2018 but is in line with how Walker referred to it in our 2015 and 2017 fact checks Nygren said under eight years of Republican leadership Wisconsin has "cut taxes" by $8 billion while revenues have risen. The revenues portion of the statement is clearly accurate. The tax cut element is a bit more nuanced, but the changes Republicans made did result in a net savings of $8 billion for taxpayers compared to if the 2010-’11 tax levels had remained in place. And we’ve rated very similar claims as  in the past. We rate Nygren’s statement .
Statement: Says actor Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson wore a T-shirt stating: "We Stand for the flag, we kneel for the fallen.
Speaker: sid miller
About the speaker: Sid Miller, a former Texas House member, won election as state agriculture commissioner in November 2014.
Date: November 27, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: fake news;pop culture
Context: a Facebook post of photo and caption on Miller's fan page
Fact-check justification: Miller posted a photo of "The Rock" wearing a T-shirt with a message calling for people to "stand for the flag and kneel for the fallen." That image, we found, was a product of photo manipulation. It looks to us like Johnson actually posed in a plain shirt without any message. We rate this photo post .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/78c817db-edb5-41bd-9b0f-73dfd49857bd
Statement: The number of African-American men in prison has increased fivefold since he left office.
Speaker: jimmy carter
About the speaker: Jimmy Carter was elected president of the United States in 1976 and served one term. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002. The native of Plains, Georgia was submarine commander, peanut farmer, state senator and Georgia governor. 
Date: August 28, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: civil rights;criminal justice
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: But if you add in jail inmates -- prisoners awaiting trial and serving sentences locally -- you approach Carter’s numbers. Carter’s overall point is that the number of African-American men incarcerated has increased substantially since he left office. He’s right about that. But you have to include some context to get the whole picture. We rate Carter’s statement .
Statement: Norfolk naval base has been taken by NATO.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: August 1, 2021
Topics: foreign policy;military;facebook fact-checks
Context: a TikTok post
Fact-check justification: "It's the mission of this command to fight the battle of the Atlantic in the event of armed conflict," Gen. Mark Milley, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said at the July 15 ceremony marking full operation of Joint Force Command Norfolk. The command was three years in the making, Milley said. The city of Norfolk unveiled welcome signs calling it "NATO’s home in North America" as early as 2018, PolitiFact found. But PolitiFact found no  that the recognition of the NATO joint command as an operation ready for battle means the alliance took over Naval Station Norfolk. We rate this TikTok video .
Statement: Image quotes Sen. Ted Cruz as saying, "In the last election, 54 million evangelical Christians stayed home. If Christians will simply show up and vote our values, we'll turn this country around.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 1, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A viral image quotes Cruz as saying, "In the last election, 54 million evangelical Christians stayed home. If Christians will simply show up and vote our values, we’ll turn this country around." Cruz said this in 2015, referring to the 2012 presidential election. As to its substance, there is no definitive  that 54 million evangelical Christians declined to vote in 2012. We rate this  .
Statement: Michael Thurmond "authored major legislation that has provided more than $250 million in tax relief to Georgia's senior citizens and working families.
Speaker: michael thurmond
Date: April 30, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: taxes
Context: his campaign website
Fact-check justification: The data comes from the department's annual statistical reports. The reports on the Revenue Department's Web site, however, only go back to 2000. The Revenue Department has reports that date to 1997 with annual low-income credit figures in its north DeKalb County offices. But Thurmond's website gives him some serious wiggle room by saying "more than $250 million in tax relief." We rate his statement as .
Statement: A photo shows Jeffrey Epstein with four boys on a beach.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: April 8, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: @HoaxEye, a Twitter account that debunks viral altered images and unearthed the image of Epstein, noted on March 8 that Hive Moderation, a program that aims to detect AI-generated content, found that there was a 99.9% likelihood that the image was created using artificial intelligence.   Searching for the image elsewhere online, we found no credible sources to corroborate that this is a real photo, such as news organizations sharing it — as they have with other Epstein photos — or in photo databases , such as this Getty Images collection of more than 700 photos of Epstein. Epstein was found dead in a jail cell in 2019 in New York while awaiting trial on federal sex-trafficking charges. The New York City medical examiner’s office concluded that he hanged himself.    We rate claims that this is a real image .
Statement: The American economy is continuing its longest monthly streak of job growth in history, with 3.9 million jobs added since President Trump was elected.
Speaker: west virginia republican party
About the speaker: The West Virginia Republican Party is the official Republican state party organization in West Virginia.
Date: August 8, 2018
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The West Virginia Republican Party said, "The American economy is continuing its longest monthly streak of job growth in history, with 3.9 million jobs added since President Trump was elected." Both parts of this  are accurate, and while it’s worth noting that no president deserves full credit for economic achievements on their watch, the tweet was carefully worded and is not substantially . We rate it .
Statement: We're fifth in the world (in executions), behind China, Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia.
Speaker: bill maher
About the speaker: Bill Maher is a comedian and host of HBO's Real Time with Bill Maher. He also works as a comedian and actor.
Date: May 23, 2014
Topics: criminal justice;punditfact
Context: comments on "Real Time with Bill Maher"
Fact-check justification: Maher said the United States is "fifth in the world" in executions. He’s for the most part accurately citing a report from Amnesty International. The only real caveat is that group doesn’t include North Korea on its list because it can’t determine how many executions were performed there (though they think there were more than the United States). That would rank the United States sixth in the world. To us, that doesn’t really diminish Maher’s point. We rate his  .
Statement: Says that "Susan Rice, the president's national security adviser, has already conceded that Iran will have a robust uranium enrichment capability.
Speaker: tom cotton
About the speaker: Tom Cotton, a Republican, was elected to the House of Representatives in 2012 from a district in Arkansas.
Date: March 9, 2015
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;military;nuclear
Context: an interview on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Cotton said, "Susan Rice, the president's national security adviser, has already conceded that Iran will have a robust uranium enrichment capability." Cotton essentially puts words in Rice’s mouth when he says she "conceded" that Iran will keep a "robust" enrichment capability. She didn’t use those words in the AIPAC speech. Meanwhile, what she did say -- that zero enrichment capability, "as desirable as that would be, it is neither realistic nor achievable" -- may or may not lead to Cotton’s conclusion that Iran will be left with a "robust" capability. Experts expect that there is a point between "zero" and "robust" where Iran’s nuclear ambitions are hampered, but there are too many variables and too much uncertainty to say so with certainty. On balance, we rate the  . Note: This  was fact-checked as part of a reward to  our Kickstarter campaign  to live fact-check the 2015 State of the Union. Thanks to all who contributed.
Statement: People are less likely to just vote for party now. … They're looking at the personalities.
Speaker: robyn vining
About the speaker: Robyn Vining, D-Wauwatosa, represents District 14 in the Wisconsin state Assembly. She was first elected in 2018.
Date: October 25, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Vining said, "People are less likely to just vote for party now. … They’re looking at the personalities." Looking narrowly at Trump’s support among suburban women, there’s a case this is accurate. Trump’s abrasive approach doesn’t appear to be resonating with that group, and fewer appear likely to support him than in 2016. But Vining’s comment was more general than that. And broadly speaking, party is playing a growing role in voters’ decisions — not a shrinking one. Voters are less likely than in the past to cast ballots supporting candidates from multiple parties. And they’re more likely than ever to agree with people from their own party when assessing something like the president’s job performance. We rate this  .
Statement: A photo shows two COVID-19 patients lying on the floor awaiting treatment in Florida.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 18, 2021
Location: florida
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a reddit thread
Fact-check justification: A photo shows two COVID-19 patients lying on the floor seeking treatment in Florida. City and state officials confirmed that the photo was taken at a state-supported site in Jacksonville where Floridians can get a free Regeneron treatment. The photo was taken by another patient as he waited in line for his appointment during a week that saw a rapid increase in patients showing up to receive treatment. More chairs and wheelchairs and signs have since been added at the site.  This image is real. We rate this statement .
Statement: It has been the law since the beginning of the country that the children of American citizens born ... abroad are American citizens by birth.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: August 21, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;legal issues
Context: Iowa
Fact-check justification: Cruz said: "It has been the law since the beginning of the country that the children of American citizens born ... abroad are American citizens by birth." From 1790 on, federal law has held that children born abroad to American citizens become citizens, provided other conditions are met. But the law wasn’t explicit about mothers conveying citizenship (how Cruz became an American at birth) until 1934. We rate this statement .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Frank Guinta voted to make middle class taxpayers pay over a $1,000 more a year in taxes.
Speaker: democratic congressional campaign committee
About the speaker: The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee is responsible for assisting Democratic candidates for the U.S. House.
Date: October 15, 2012
Location: new hampshire
Topics: taxes
Context: an ad, “Regular,”
Fact-check justification: The study by the Congressional Joint Economic Committee, which is chaired by a Democrat, suggests the budget plan would have increased taxes by $1,358 -- more than the $1,000 referenced in the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee ad. But, it assumes the budget would eliminate a host of deductions and expenditures -- assumptions that are too big a stretch for other tax analysts. Had it passed, the House budget may have increased middle class taxes as the ad suggests. But, given the lack of specifics, there isn’t enough  to know for sure, as the DCCC claims to do. We rate the  .
Statement: (Barack Obama) says he's going to reduce the long-term debt and deficit by $4 trillion, doesn't say how he's going to do it.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: September 30, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: debt;deficit
Context: an interview on NBC’s “Meet The Press”
Fact-check justification: In an interview on NBC’s "Meet the Press," Christie claimed Obama "says he’s gonna reduce the long-term debt and deficit by $4 trillion, doesn’t say how he's gonna do it." But the president has outlined in extensive detail how he would achieve more than $4 trillion in deficit reduction over the next decade. That plan has received mixed reviews, but it’s  for Christie to suggest Obama has not provided such specific proposals. So, governor, here’s a fiery dose of fairness for you: ! https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/d67054db-a2e9-4a49-b5a7-edc9ea760199 To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: A declaration of disaster, has been issued for the state of Texas. House Bill 1177 Allows any Texan who can legally own a firearm to carry their handgun, open or concealed, for a full week after a state or natural disaster is declared.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 1, 2020
Location: texas
Topics: natural disasters ;facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post stated that HB 1177 applied to the ongoing state of disaster and allowed open carry of handguns. The post omits a major part of the law, which specifies that it only applies during particular scenarios. We rate this  .