chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Nevada AG admits to changing signature verifications manually for over 200,000 votes.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 10, 2021
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A blog called Fellow American Daily published a post about Laxalt’s Fox News appearance with a  headline: "Nevada AG admits that they changed signature verification manually for over 200,000 votes." We previously reported on the Trump campaign’s claims about the machine that was used to verify signatures in Clark County, which includes Las Vegas. We rated  Trump’s  that Nevada wanted to do away with signature verification.   Also : this Facebook post’s  that Nevada’s attorney general admitted to changing signature verifications manually for over 200,000 votes. We rate it .
Statement: Shepard Smith was fired from Fox News.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: July 16, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: Internet posts
Fact-check justification: Second, and most importantly, America’s Last Line of Defense admits it’s a satirical site with a stated mission is to draw readers, especially conservatives, into mistaking its extraordinary conspiracies for . "While everything on this site is a satirical work of fiction, we are proud to present it to those who will have called it real anyway," reads the disclaimer. At least one website, American News -- which does not explicitly state its satirical intent (if it has one) -- appears to have taken the bait. As the previous work of our friends at Snopes makes clear, this is not the first time Smith has been the center of a hoax claiming he was fired from Fox News for being too controversial. We rate this .
Statement: Says the 2015 vote on the American Security Against Foreign Enemies Act "was not a vote to deny access to the U.S.
Speaker: gwen graham
About the speaker: Gwen Graham lost the Democratic primary for governor in Florida in 2018. She won Florida's second district seat in the U.S. House in 2014 and served for one term. She is the daughter of former Florida Gov. Bob Graham.
Date: April 18, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Graham said her 2015 vote for the American Security Against Foreign Enemies Act was "not a vote to deny access to the U.S." Graham’s take on the legislation requires some context. While it would not have prevented Syrian entry outright, it would have installed a significant new layer of bureaucracy that would have at least delayed their entry. The bill would have required the signature of three agency heads for each case, an extraordinary hurdle on top of previous requirements. We rate this  .
Statement: Roy Barnes proclaimed Mexican workers good for Georgia.
Speaker: nathan deal
About the speaker: Nathan Deal is running for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: October 12, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: immigration;economy
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: We believe the Deal ad does accurately convey the quotes from Barnes in the 2001 AJC article. However, it's unclear that Barnes was talking specifically about illegal immigrants and, moreover, Barnes uttered the quotes nine years ago in a different political and economic climate. It doesn't necessarily follow that Barnes supports Mexican labor in Georgia today. So the ad lacks context that might give viewers a different impression. So by the definition of our -o-Meter, the statement rates as .
Statement: The economic stimulus bill created a council that's "modeled after the national board that controls Britain's health system.
Speaker: conservatives for patients' rights
About the speaker: Conservatives for Patients' Rights in an advocacy organization that favors "choice, competition, accountability and responsibility" for the health care system and opposes "a top-down, big government perspective."
Date: April 27, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care;stimulus
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: Getting back to the ad: It is right that the economic stimulus bill created the Federal Coordinating Council for Comparative Effectiveness Research. But the ad is  that it is "modeled after the national board that controls Britain’s health system." We see no  for that. In fact, the president has specifically rejected the British model, while praising comparative effectiveness research as an acceptable way to rein in spending. Because the ad significantly distorts the reason for the board's existence, we rate its  .
Statement: The federal government borrows $4 billion every day.
Speaker: national republican congressional committee
About the speaker: National Republican Congressional Committee
Date: April 28, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: deficit;federal budget
Context: an automated political phone call
Fact-check justification: "The periodic auction of bonds, that’s when the money is raised." Still, PolitiFact Florida found the $4-billion figure reasonable and also went with a  ruling. Makes sense to us. That’s why we’re going to do some borrowing ourselves, and go with our PolitiFact colleagues. We rate this one  too.
Statement: West Virginia is near last in the U.S." rankings of education, clean drinking water, and child mortality.
Speaker: paula jean swearengin
About the speaker: Paula Jean Swearengin ran unsuccessfully to oust U.S. Sen. Shelley Moore Capito, R-W.Va., as a Democrat in 2020.
Date: September 10, 2020
Location: west virginia
Topics: environment;children;education
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Swearengin said, "West Virginia is near last in the U.S." rankings of education, clean drinking water and child mortality. In standard federal government rankings of drinking water and child mortality, West Virginia does rank in the bottom five states. It also ranked no higher than ninth from the bottom in several common math and reading tests for the National Assessment of Educational Progress.  But by one measure, the state’s high-school graduation rate is among the nation’s best. On balance, we rate the statement .
Statement: We will not ask for a tax increase to run city government.
Speaker: a c wharton
About the speaker: The former public defender for Shelby County has won landslide victories since first running for mayor of Shelby County in 2002, taking two county mayoral elections before winning a special election in 2009 to become Memphis's first new mayor in 18 years, succeeding Willie Herenton. Wharton won another landslide in 2011 and his first full four-year term began on Jan. 1, 2012.
Wharton received his law degree in 1971, graduating with honors from the University of Mississippi Law School, where he was one of the first African-American students to serve on the Moot Court Board and first to serve on the Judicial Council. He became the University's first African-American professor of law, where he taught for 25 years. He earned a political science degree from Tennessee State University and is a native of Lebanon, Tennessee.
The Mayor and his wife, Ruby, have raised six sons in Memphis.
Date: April 16, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: education;taxes
Context: an interview about his city budget proposal
Fact-check justification: Memphis’s mayor says that a property tax increase is not in fact a tax increase to fund core government services. Rather, it’s a one-time assessment to cover the city’s final year of court-ordered funding obligations for the city’s dissolving school system. Wharton’s finance team was able to create a budget allocating the various revenues so that the amount of the property-tax rate going to fund general government services is the same for 2013 as it was in 2012. But because the budget shows overall government spending increasing by $22 million -- about 3.6 percent -- that bit of needed clarification means the  -O-Meter dial points to . ------------- *In 2011, MCS and the City Council voted to surrender the system’s charter, and voters concurred in a referendum asking to transfer control of Memphis public schools to Shelby County.
Statement: There are places in America that are among the most dangerous in the world. You go to places like Oakland. Or Ferguson. The crime numbers are worse. Seriously.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 18, 2016
Location: national
Topics: crime
Context: an interview with the New York Times Magazine
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "There are places in America that are among the most dangerous in the world. You go to places like Oakland. Or Ferguson. The crime numbers are worse. Seriously." Four American cities — though not Oakland or Ferguson — have some of the highest murder rates in the world. However, experts told us homicide rates alone are not enough to gauge whether a city is dangerous or not. In considering other security threats like war, terrorism, kidnappings, and other violence as well as the ability to mitigate risks, U.S. cities are nowhere near the most dangerous in the world. We rate Trump’s  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/07b73ae4-281a-4035-a458-036d52428867
Statement: Says the United States is in "the worst recovery from an economic recession since World War II.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: November 10, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: the fourth Republican presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Christie said the United States is in the worst economic recovery from a recession since World War II. Christie’s campaign did not respond to our request for comment. The  is it depends on what you measure. Looking at GDP growth, he’s right. Looking at the employment picture, the 2001 recovery was worse. Christie’s  is partially accurate. We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/600cb3a9-686a-4390-8d06-4de6d4b7bec4
Statement: For every dollar (in the stimulus package) that is spent to help small businesses, $4 is being spent to help upkeep the grass on the lawns of Washington.
Speaker: eric cantor
About the speaker: Eric Cantor is a former congressman who represented Virginia's 7th District from 2001 to 2014. He rose to House minority whip in 2009 and House majority leader in 2011. Cantor was upset by Dave Brat in the 2014 GOP primary for congress. He is now vice chairman and managing director of Moelis & Company, a global investment bank.
 
 
 
Date: January 23, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy;stimulus
Context: an interview on the Fox News Channel
Fact-check justification: He says the money would help "the lawns of Washington," which suggests it might go to homeowners when it is really for a sprawling public park. And both sides of Cantor's equation are flawed. The plan does not call for $200 million worth of new grass for the National Mall, and we think there's clearly more than $41 million in help to small businesses. Cantor has grossly distorted the numbers to make a point about the need for more small business benefits. We rule his statement .
Statement: Wealthy foreigners can obtain visas through a special program, but only a small number "invest in true high-unemployment areas. Almost every other EB-5 project uses gerrymandering to qualify as distressed.
Speaker: patrick leahy
About the speaker: U.S. Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., is the Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee.
Date: March 8, 2017
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: a House Judiciary Committee hearing
Fact-check justification: Leahy said, "Only 3 percent of EB-5 investors now invest in rural areas … Less than 10 percent invest in  high-unemployment areas. Almost every other EB-5 project uses gerrymandering to qualify as distressed." Leahy based his claims on a 2016 Government Accountability Office report that analyzed a sample of EB-5 petitions filed in the last quarter of fiscal year 2015. Experts say only limited data is available on EB-5 investments but that GAO’s findings are reasonable. GAO’s report reflects a snapshot and estimates of the petitions in one quarter. The program has been around for more than 20 years. We rate Leahy’s statement .
Statement: I don't accept a dime of corporate money.
Speaker: abigail spanberger
About the speaker: Abigail Spanberger is the 2018 Democratic nominee for the 7th Congressional seat in Virginia. A former CIA agent, she is challenging incumbent Republican Dave Brat
Date: September 2, 2022
Location: virginia
Topics: campaign finance
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Spanberger said, "I don’t accept a dime of corporate money." She’s raised $5.5 million for this fall’s campaign — none directly from corporate political action committees. A 3.4% portion of that money is from leadership PACs that do accept money from corporate PACs among other sources. In other words, Spanberger receives a small amount of corporate PAC money indirectly. Realizing that it may be impossible to block all traces of corporate money from a successful congressional campaign, we rate Spanberger’s statement .
Statement: Obamacare ... will kill jobs across America.
Speaker: u.s. chamber of commerce
About the speaker: From the chamber's Web site: "The U.S. Chamber of Commerce is the world's largest business federation representing 3 million businesses of all sizes, sectors, and regions, as well as state and local chambers and industry associations. More than 96% of U.S. Chamber members are small businesses with 100 employees or fewer."
Date: February 8, 2012
Location: national
Topics: health care;jobs;message machine 2012
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: The ad said that "Obamacare … will kill jobs across America." The chamber of Commerce has failed to prove that it will, and the best projections we’ve seen, based on how the law is actually written, do not suggest that the law will "kill" jobs. A close look at the studies cited by the Chamber of Commerce in support of the ad -- as well as other independent analyses of the health care law -- provide little, if any,  that the health care law will result in a significant net number of job losses. We rate the statement .
Statement: Elon Musk suspended Bill Gates from Twitter.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: April 25, 2022
Topics: technology;facebook fact-checks
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Plus, the deal with Musk is expected to officially close later in the year, according to reports. The New York Times reported that Twitter’s CEO estimated it could take three to six months. Musk has tweeted criticism of Gates in recent days, but he has not signaled his intention to suspend Gates from the platform he’s set to acquire. Musk said he hopes "even my worst critics remain on Twitter, because that is what free speech means." We rate claims of Gates’ suspension .
Statement: Bill Nelson voted for higher taxes 150 times.
Speaker: connie mack
About the speaker: Connie Mack was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in November 2004. Mack, of Fort Myers, lost a U.S. Senate race to Sen. Bill Nelson in 2012. He served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2003.
Date: October 17, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: debates;taxes
Context: Davie, Fla
Fact-check justification: Mack said, "Bill Nelson voted for higher taxes 150 times." Mack arrives at that figure through some tricks: He counts non-binding resolutions and duplicative votes on the same bill. He counts a vote against a tax cut as a vote for a tax increase, even though it’s not the same thing. And Mack failed to tell debate viewers that Nelson has also voted in favor of tax cuts or extending tax cuts. In the list of votes that Mack supplied to PolitiFact after the debate, he included a note that explained it included non-binding votes and other caveats. But during the debate, Mack didn’t explain any of that -- he just repeated the  without further explanation. We rate this  .
Statement: The U.S. "had the opportunity with Israel coming and talking to us about improving our security screening procedures, and we turned them down.
Speaker: allen west
About the speaker: Allen West announced in July 2021 that he is running for the Republican primary for Texas governor. He served for about a year as chairman of the Texas Republican Party, stepping down in June 2021. West represented Florida's 22nd congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2011 to 2013. Lieutenant Colonel West retired from the Army in 2004 after 22 years of service.
Date: November 21, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: israel;terrorism;transportation
Context: TV interview
Fact-check justification: On that front, he would clearly get a  rating since TSA officials met with Israelis and members of Congress met with El Al. At PolitiFact Florida, we evaluate politicians' actual words. In this case West's words weren't clear and he initially declined to explain himself. Only after we sent West our findings showing that the U.S. did meet with the Israelis did he offer an alternative explanation -- that the U.S. met with Israeli officials but rejected their model for improving our airport security screening -- and we find some  in that. So we rate this  .
Statement: Missouri "is the state with the lowest paid workers.
Speaker: kiki curls
About the speaker: S. Kiki Curls is a Democrat who serves in the Missouri state Senate.
Date: April 4, 2016
Location: missouri
Topics: economy;jobs;poverty;workers
Context: following a Missouri Senate Budget Committee hearing
Fact-check justification: We don't know if she meant all workers, workers in the private sector or state government workers. For any analysis that includes private sector employees, Missouri ranks closer to the bottom than the top, but it does not rank last. Missouri does hold the distinction of having the lowest paid state workers, based on their average weekly wages. That's enough to make her statement partially accurate. We rate this  .
Statement: We inherited a broken test" for COVID-19.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 30, 2020
Location: national
Topics: coronavirus
Context: an interview on "Fox and Friends"
Fact-check justification: Trump said that his administration inherited a broken test. That flies in the face of logic. There could be no test until the virus emerged. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Eric Cantor voted to assure Congress would be paid if the government shut down and against guaranteeing troops would be paid.
Speaker: wayne powell
About the speaker: Wayne Powell was the 2012 Democratic nominee for Virginia's 7th Congressional District seat held by House Majority Leader Eric Cantor, a Republican. 
Powell served in the U.S. Army for 30 years, 5 years of active duty and 25 years in the Active Reserves. He was called back into active duty after September 11, 2001, to command a specialized Army intelligence unit. He was awarded the Legion of Merit when he retired as a colonel in 2002.
Powell graduated from the University of Richmond in 1972, and received a master’s degree from the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 1973 and a law degree from T.C. Williams School of Law at the University of Richmond in 1980.
Powell served as staff clerk to the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia, worked as an assistant state attorney general and served as deputy commissioner of the Virginia Worker’s Compensation Commission for six years. He entered private practice in 1991, and founded his present firm of Powell & Parrish in 1999.
Date: October 1, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: federal budget;military
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Powell said that Cantor, during the threat of a government shutdown last year, voted to ensure Congress would continue to be paid and against offering the same protection to members of the military. But Powell got it backwards. Cantor, during a period of high political gamesmanship, supported Republican legislation that, in the event of shutdown, would have continued military pay and withheld paychecks for Congress members. He simply opposed two procedural efforts by Democrats that would have given them some bragging rights. Powell’s charge was not off-the-cuff. It came during a portion of a debate when he got to ask Cantor a direct question. Powell, in comments leading up to his query, said he’d given plenty of thought to what he’d ask. That suggests he had time to check all the facts.   Powell should take heat for  distorting Cantor’s votes. So we give his statement our lowest rating -- .
Statement: Says only about 250 Texans have been killed in action since 9/11.
Speaker: leticia van de putte
About the speaker: Leticia Van de Putte, a pharmacist, was the 2014 Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor. She previously served in the Texas House.
Date: May 1, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: afghanistan;iraq;military;terrorism
Context: remarks on the floor of the Texas Senate
Fact-check justification: Van de Putte said about 250 Texans have been killed in action since 9/11. That’s off by more than half; 588 Texans perished in action from January 2002 through the most recent Texan's death on Dec. 24, 2012, according to the federal government. The senator likely drew her number from the  column on a table. Regardless, what she said rates as .
Statement: More than 1,000 American soldiers have lost their lives in Afghanistan in the last 27 months. This is more than the combined total of the nine years before.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: April 24, 2014
Location: national
Topics: afghanistan;military
Context: a chain email
Fact-check justification: The chain email says that "more than 1,000 American soldiers have lost their lives in Afghanistan in the last 27 months. This is more than the combined total of the nine years before." This may have been accurate in mid 2012, but the statistics are now so out of date that the trend has actually reversed itself. U.S. military deaths in Afghanistan have been declining for the past four years. This matters because it contradicts the email’s dominant message -- that surging deaths in Afghanistan are a reason to vote against Obama’s Democratic allies in the 2014 midterm election. We rate the  .
Statement: The Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine is "99% graphene oxide," which is "toxic to the human body and causes a number of problems.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 7, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed that the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine is "99% graphene oxide," which is "toxic to the human body and causes a number of problems."  Pfizer said it does not use the material, and it is not shown in a federal list of ingredients in the three COVID-19 vaccines authorized for emergency use in the U.S. We rate the post .