chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: 'The Simpsons' predicted Tom Hanks getting coronavirus in 2007.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 12, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification:   A headline says: "‘The Simpsons' predicted Tom Hanks getting coronavirus in 2007."  In the closing credits of "The Simpsons Movie" from that year, Hanks’ character says: "This is Tom Hanks, saying, if you see me in person, leave me be."  There’s no reference to any kind of outbreak. We rate the statement .
Statement: The Obama administration shut down the Amber Alert program because of the government shutdown.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: October 4, 2013
Location: national
Topics: children;federal budget;crime
Context: messages on Twitter
Fact-check justification: People on Twitter, bloggers and others said the Obama administration shut down the Amber Alert system. Actually, each state has its own alert system, and national coordination takes place through the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, a private nonprofit, untouched by the federal stalemate. The system has continued to operate through the federal shutdown, sending out alerts in Texas and Florida. The one sliver of  that triggered this  is that a federal webpage promoting the program was closed, but that did not affect the program itself. It is a  to confuse that web page with the Amber Alert system. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Dow Chemical decided to build a plant in Saudi Arabia rather than Oklahoma due to the impact of environmental regulations on the supply of natural gas.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: June 19, 2012
Location: national
Topics: energy;government regulation
Context: Frankenmuth, Mich
Fact-check justification: Mitt Romney said that a Dow official told him that the company opted to build a plant in Saudi Arabia rather than Oklahoma due to the state’s limited supply of natural gas thanks to environmental regulations. If that's case, no record of it appears to exist, Romney's campaign didn't offer any  to back it up and neither did Dow. We rate this  .
Statement: The McCain campaign "did not elaborate" on Obama's ties to ACORN.
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: November 17, 2009
Location: national
Topics: elections;ethics
Context: her book, 'Going Rogue'
Fact-check justification: But we did not elaborate on any of that during the campaign." So let's recap. The McCain-Palin campaign: sent out a memo to the media detailing Obama's alleged ties to ACORN; launched a Web ad about it; released several statements from campaign staffers; sent out "fact-checks" about it after a debate; held media conference calls with campaign staff to discuss it; issued several press releases about it; and McCain mentioned the issue several times during a debate. That sounds like a lot of elaborating to us. We rule Palin's statement .
Statement: Says Joe Biden "tried to cut Social Security and Medicare for decades. … Now Biden's promising your benefits to illegal immigrants.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 16, 2020
Topics: immigration;health care;medicare;social security
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Biden wants to allow immigrants illegally in the country to buy health insurance, without subsidies. That would not take away Ameicans ability to buy their own insurance. We rate the ad’s claims . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Our real unemployment is anywhere from 18 to 20 percent. Don't believe the 5.6. Don't believe it.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 16, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: his presidential announcement speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Our real unemployment is anywhere from 18 to 20 percent. Don't believe the 5.6. Don't believe it." Setting aside his paranoia about the federal government cooking the books, Trump is off-base even if you give him the maximum benefit of the doubt. The highest official government statistic for under-employment is 10.8 percent -- roughly half as high as Trump says. And if you make a quick and dirty attempt to expand the scope of this measurement to include other Americans left uncounted in the standard statistics, there’s no plausible way to get it past 16 percent -- and even that’s stretching it. That’s well below the range Trump cited, so we rate the  .
Statement: European allies "pay us $2.5 billion a year to keep our forces there. It would cost us more money to bring the troops home than to keep them in Europe.
Speaker: nicholas burns
About the speaker: Nicholas Burns is a Professor of the Practice of Diplomacy and International Relations at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. Burns was was Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs from 2005 to 2008, U.S. Ambassador to NATO (2001–2005), Ambassador to Greece (1997–2001) and State Department Spokesman (1995–1997). He worked for five years (1990–1995) on the National Security Council at the White House where he was Senior Director for Russia, Ukraine and Eurasia Affairs and Special Assistant to President Clinton and Director for Soviet Affairs in the Administration of President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: July 11, 2018
Topics: foreign policy;military;punditfact
Context: comments on MSNBC's "Morning Joe"
Fact-check justification: Burns said European allies "pay us $2.5 billion a year to keep our forces there. It would cost us more money to bring the troops home than to keep them in Europe." The $2.5 billion figure is the most recent estimate -- but the data is 16 years old. It  encompasses hard-to-calculate "indirect costs," and it only covers about one-third of U.S. military expenditures in Europe. Meanwhile, experts said it’s conceivable that it would be more expensive to close up shop in Europe and bring troops back to the United States, but there are many variables surrounding that decision and it’s difficult to factor in the intangible strategic losses from giving up a European footprint. Ultimately, Burns’ assumption is speculative. We rate the statement .
Statement: The average life expectancy for African Americans in Saint Louis and Saint Louis County varies by as much as 18 years compared to the white population, with nearly half of all African-American kids under the age of 18 living in poverty.
Speaker: cora faith walker
About the speaker: Cora Faith Walker is a Democratic state representative in Missouri.
Date: November 9, 2017
Location: missouri
Topics: health care;race and ethnicity;public health
Context: the St. Louis American
Fact-check justification: Walker said "the average life expectancy for African Americans in Saint Louis and Saint Louis County varies by as much as 18 years compared to the white population, with nearly half of all African-American kids under the age of 18 living in poverty." Walker based this assertion on a study showing a wide difference in life expectancy between two ZIP codes within the city and county of St. Louis. That’s not exactly a comparison of life expectancy by race, but given that one ZIP code is heavily African-American and the other is heavily white, it’s a reasonable proxy. As for the poverty , the rate remains high, but the 50 percent figure is based on old data. More recent estimates find that about a third of African-American children in the St. Louis area are living in poverty. On balance, we rate this  .
Statement: My campaign alone has created more jobs in the state of Rhode Island than Narragansett Beer.
Speaker: clay pell
About the speaker: Clay Pell is a Democratic who made an unsuccessful run for governor in Rhode Island in Rhode Island. He lost in the Democratic primary. A former deputy assistant secretary for international and foreign language education at the U.S. Department of Education, he is a grandson of the late United States senator, Claiborne Pell and the husband of former Olympic figure skater Michelle Kwan.
Date: August 26, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: alcohol;debates;economy;jobs
Context: a TV debate
Fact-check justification: Clay Pell says that his campaign has created "more jobs in the state of Rhode Island than Narragansett Beer," a poke at Gina Raimondo’s  that she helped bring Narragansett Beer back to Rhode Island. The Pell campaign provided a list of 40 campaign jobs; Narragansett Beer said it has 9 full-time employees in Rhode Island; 20 part-time people who work promotional events in Rhode Island; and four full-time employees out of state. A major difference is that the Pell jobs are short-term and, one way or the other, most or all will be gone no later than November. Because the statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, we hoist a pint to Pell and rate it  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Says Sen. Ted Cruz used to be "in favor of birthright citizenship" but is now against it.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: January 14, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: North Charleston, S.C
Fact-check justification: Rubio said Cruz used to be "in favor of birthright citizenship" but is now against it. He was referring to a 2011 radio interview in which Cruz said birthright citizenship was guaranteed by the 14th Amendment, and it was better for conservatives to focus on border security instead of trying to change the Constitution. He has since insisted he opposed birthright citizenship then and opposes it now. We can’t find  that contradicts him. Cruz apparently changed his mind on at least one thing: He has said he now supports Congress pursuing a way to change the policy. While that raises questions on some details about Cruz’s position, it’s different than what Rubio claimed. We rate Rubio’s statement .
Statement: Says Gov. Tony Evers' 2021-22 state budget "increases taxes $1 billion +
Speaker: rick gundrum
About the speaker: Elected to Assembly in January 2018 special election. Reelected November 2018.
Date: March 29, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;state budget;taxes
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: That is, it’s not $1 billion per year -- something that readers could easily miss based on  Gundrum’s tweet. And, when Evers’ first budget went to the Legislature two years ago, Republicans rejected similar tax increases on manufacturers and capital gains. They are likely to do the same this time. Our ruling  Gundrum said Evers’ budget "increases taxes $1 billion +"  A budget memo by the non-partisan Legislative Fiscal Bureau confirms that tally, though it’s worth noting the figure is for a two-year period, not $1 billion for each year. For a statement that is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, our rating is .
Statement: Semi-automatic weapons, whether pistol or rifle, were designed for use by the military on the battlefield.
Speaker: providence city council
About the speaker: The Providence City Council is the 15-member legislative body in Providence, R.I. Since 2010 it has consisted of all Democrats, including two women.
Date: January 3, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: criminal justice;crime;government regulation;military;public health;recreation;regulation;guns
Context: a council resolution
Fact-check justification: The Providence City Council, in a resolution approved earlier this month, asserted: "Semi-automatic weapons, whether pistol or rifle, were designed for use by the military on the battlefield." The military and gun experts we consulted told us that history tells a very different story. The military did not embrace the weapons until decades after they were developed. Even today, there are many semi-automatic weapons available to consumers that were not designed for battlefield use. Why bother with such distinctions? The contentious debate over gun control is consuming the nation. We believe it’s imperative to get the facts right. We rate the "statement of fact" in the council's resolution  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, e-mail us at [email protected] . And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Dollar General "added 2,500 stores and 20,000 jobs" during his four-year tenure as CEO.
Speaker: david perdue
About the speaker: David Perdue is running in the 2022 Republican primary for governor of Georgia. He was a U.S. Senator from January 2015 to January 2021. He has been the CEO of several businesses and is the cousin of former Georgia Gov. Sonny Perdue.
Date: February 5, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: The number of additional employees totaled 13,700. So do we buy what this businessman says about his time at Dollar General? To sum up, Perdue said Dollar General added 2,500 stores and 20,000 jobs when he was the CEO. Perdue’s precise numbers are slightly off from what we found, but his overall point about opening many new stores and creating a lot of jobs is on target. We rate Perdue’s  .
Statement: Newly Elected Republican Senators Sign Pledge to Eliminate Food Stamp Program in 2015.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 11, 2014
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;welfare
Context: social media postings
Fact-check justification: More than 115,000 social media users passed along a story headlined, "Newly Elected Republican Senators Sign Pledge to Eliminate Food Stamp Program in 2015." But they failed to do due diligence and were snookered, since the story came from a publication that bills itself (quietly) as a "satirical, parody website." We rate the  . UPDATE, Jan. 8, 2015: After we published our fact-check, we received a response from Kevin Gallagher of the Daily Leak. We had asked him whether he considers the site’s articles to be political satire. Gallagher responded, "Yes, the site is full of satire, parody, and spoofs, mainly of politics and sports." When we asked why the site’s satire label is relatively inconspicuous, Gallagher said, "Are you familiar with The Onion? Let me know when you find their disclaimer. I'll give you a hint, it's hidden deep down in the FAQ. My site has a much more prominent disclaimer than The Onion, National Report, Daily Currant, or most other similar sites, for that matter." We also asked him his reaction to 110,000-plus people sharing their story on Facebook thinking it was real: "As a teacher, it would please me greatly to see more people fact-checking what they read on the Internet. Unfortunately, when it comes to politics in particular, people often have an emotional reaction to a headline before using any reason to deduce whether it could possibly be ." Help fund PolitiFact's Kickstarter to live fact-check the 2015 State of the Union and GOP response.
Statement: Says U.S. Rep. Connie Mack "took seven and a half years to finish college.
Speaker: george lemieux
About the speaker: George LeMieux is a former U.S. Senator from Florida. He was appointed by Gov. Charlie Crist in 2009 to fill the unexpired term of Sen. Mel Martinez and served until January 2011.
Date: February 24, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;education
Context: a web ad
Fact-check justification: The  here is that Mack "took seven and a half years to finish college." There’s a kernel of  to that statement. Mack enrolled at Sante Fe Community College in 1986 and graduated from the University of Florida with a bachelor’s degree about seven and a half years later in 1993. But UF records show that Mack did not take classes for two of those years, 1991 and 1992. There’s also a minor point that Mack says he was dual-enrolled in community college at the same time he was completing his high school degree. Those, to us, are critical facts that would give someone seeing the ad a much different impression of Mack’s college career -- which fits our definition of .
Statement: Buried in the Affordable Care Act is "a huge government bailout.
Speaker: charles krauthammer
About the speaker: Charles Krauthammer is a syndicated columnist and a contributor to Fox News.
Date: January 2, 2014
Topics: health care;punditfact
Context: a "Washington Post" op-ed
Fact-check justification: Krauthammer said the Affordable Care Act contains a hidden government bailout for insurance companies that would cover up to 80 percent of their losses. The health care law does contain several mechanisms to mitigate potential losses for insurance companies, and the government stands to help absorb some losses up to 80 percent. But the government also stands to gain if insurance companies are able to turn profits, and the Congressional Budget Office has projected that the government would neither make nor lose money. Experts we spoke with also took issue with Krauthammer’s use of the term "bailout." In the past decade, bailouts came after private businesses faced a financial crisis. The measures in the Affordable Care Act have a more complicated sequence that include a variety of outcomes. This  is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it .
Statement: Despite what Donald Trump claims, "there weren't 15,000 people who turned out in Phoenix" to see Trump speak.
Speaker: rachel maddow
About the speaker: Rachel Maddow is the host of MSNBC’s “The Rachel Maddow Show”. She formerly hosted a radio program of the same name on the defunct Air America network.
Date: July 13, 2015
Topics: elections;pundits;punditfact
Context: a segment on her show
Fact-check justification: Maddow called out Trump for exaggerating the size of his audience in Phoenix, saying 15,000 people did not attend his speech despite his  on Facebook to the contrary. News stories and the city fire department back up her point. By many accounts, the crowd size and atmosphere was impressive, but it was about three times smaller than he described. We rate Maddow’s  .
Statement: Says she "sued Exxon Mobil" as California attorney general.
Speaker: kamala harris
About the speaker: Kamala Harris is the vice president of the United States. Harris was elected as a senator from California in 2016. She previously was California’s attorney general from 2011 to 2017. From 2004 until 2011, she was the district attorney of San Francisco. Harris received a bachelor’s degree in political science and economics from Howard University and a J.D. from the University of California, Hastings College of Law. In 2019, she ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in December. On Aug. 11, 2020, former Vice President Joe Biden named Harris as his running mate.
Date: September 4, 2019
Location: california
Topics: environment;climate change
Context: a CNN climate town hall
Fact-check justification: Harris clearly tangled with Big Oil as California AG. There’s just no record she sued one of the industry’s biggest companies, Exxon.   We rate her  .      –  The statement is not accurate. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Earlier this year, Hurricane Harvey left more than 12 million people in Texas and Louisiana without homes.
Speaker: ryan sitton
About the speaker: Ryan Sitton, a Houston-area executive, won election to the Texas Railroad Commission in 2014.
Date: November 7, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: housing;natural disasters ;weather
Context: Drilling Contractor
Fact-check justification: Sitton wrote: "Earlier this year, Hurricane Harvey left more than 12 million people in Texas and Louisiana without homes." This figure, attributed to a typo, is improbably high. We also didn’t spot an authoritative alternate count though it seems reasonable to say--based on requests for help through FEMA and a state expert’s review rooted in flood insurance claims--that more than a million Texas residents sustained home damage. It looks to us like the hurricane left far fewer Louisianans without homes. We rate Sitton's published  .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says Joe Biden's presidential campaign donated $20 million to bail out protesters.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 31, 2020
Topics: public safety;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says that Biden’s campaign donated $20 million to bail "rioters" out of jail. The campaign says individual staff members, not the campaign, donated money to the Minnesota Freedom Fund. There is no  that totaled to $20 million, however. That’s the total amount the organization said it raised from all donors in the first few days following Floyd’s death.  The post assumes that every person the nonprofit assists is violent and ignores the individuals who may have been detained during peaceful protests. We rate this .