chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: USA is #1 in gun violence.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 21, 2012
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: a post on the Internet
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post says the "USA is #1 in gun violence." That's only  if you compare the U.S. with other affluent nations on a per capita basis. But widening the comparison to all nations, not just the richest ones, there are at least 17 other countries with higher per capita rates of gun homicides, most of them with rates astronomically higher than the U.S. rate. And measured by raw gun homicides, the U.S. doesn’t rank first -- at least two and possibly as many as five countries have had more gun homicides in recent years than the U.S. did. On balance, we rate this  .
Statement: Governor Tony Evers gave counties the green light to defund Wisconsin's police departments.
Speaker: republican governors association
About the speaker: the gubernatorial campaign arm of the Republican Party.
Date: July 29, 2022
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice;elections;legal issues;wisconsin
Context: Email
Fact-check justification: The Republican Governors Association claimed Evers gave Wisconsin counties "the green light" to defund the police.  A spokesperson for the association pointed to a veto of a Republican bill that would penalize counties and municipalities that reduce police budgets regardless of context. So, it’s not like there is nothing there. But that veto simply kept the status quo – it was not a proactive step by Evers to force or encourage cities and counties to cut law enforcement. What’s more, Evers has flatly stated he does not support defunding the police, and directed $100 million in pandemic aid to law enforcement. So, the statement "contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression."  That’s what we call .
Statement: Says China and Singapore impose the death penalty on drug dealers.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 10, 2018
Location: national
Topics: drugs
Context: a rally
Fact-check justification: Trump said China and Singapore impose the death penalty on drug dealers. Chinese law says that individuals who smuggle, traffic, transport or manufacture drugs and meet certain conditions can receive a death sentence. Singapore’s Misuse of Drugs Act also calls for the death penalty for individuals convicted of trafficking specified amounts of opium, cocaine, cannabis, and other substances. We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: Says "Barcelona terrorist" is cousins with former President Barack Obama.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: August 19, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: "Obama can’t be convicted for being a man’s cousin but he can be investigated for aiding and abetting terrorists," the story read. A note on the bottom of TheLastLineOfDefense.org noted that "everything on this site is a satirical work of fiction." Its About Us section carried a disclaimer that read, "We present fiction as fact and our sources don’t actually exist." The tale of a suspected terrorist being a cousin to Obama is entirely made up. We rate it !
Statement: Bill White ... supports the 'ObamaCare' socialized medicine plan, as well as 'Cap and Trade' legislation that would kill thousands of Texas jobs.
Speaker: cathie adams
About the speaker: Cathie Adams served as the Republican Party of Texas chair from October 2009 to June 2010. She was previously elected to the Republican National Committee and has been a delegate to every state and senatorial district Republican convention since 1988. Before becoming chair, she helmed the Texas Eagle Forum. She lives in Dallas.
Date: February 20, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: cap and trade;climate change;health care
Context: a fund-raising letter
Fact-check justification: Texas is the biggest state not to have adopted these standards. And I think the auto makers will see the writing on the wall if we do so." Any politico can appreciate why Republicans want to portray White as favoring "socialized medicine" and cap-and-trade legislation critics say would slam the state's economy. But in the absence of confirming facts, these sizzlers read like  smears. We rate Adams' statement .
Statement: The pace of missile development between (Kim Jong Il and Kim Jong Un) has increased the testing about twenty-fold.
Speaker: richard burr
About the speaker: Richard Burr, a Republican from North Carolina, has been a U.S. Senator since 2005.
Date: April 18, 2017
Location: north carolina
Topics: foreign policy;military;nuclear;public safety
Context: Youngsville, NC
Fact-check justification: Sen. Richard Burr said that in North Korea, "the pace of missile development between (Kim Jong Il and Kim Jong Un) has increased the testing about twenty-fold." Experts say missile testing has certainly increased, and at least one analysis shows that increase was close to what Burr said. What’s less clear is if the increased testing has gone hand-in-hand with increased development, or if the tests aren’t moving the country’s missile program forward as much as they might seem. We rate this  .
Statement: All the books" have been removed from the classrooms of a Minnesota middle school because administrators "claim that the books cannot be cleaned.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 14, 2020
Topics: education;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Weeding library collections is a common practice . The American Library Association calls it " essential ." A Fox News affiliate reported that some residents salvaged some of the discarded books. But the  in the Facebook post that all books had been removed from this middle school’s classrooms because of the coronavirus is .   We rate this post .
Statement: We're spending $1 trillion a year on our foreign policy.
Speaker: ron paul
About the speaker: Ron Paul, a Texas physician, served two stints in the U.S. House. He also was the Libertarian Party nominee for president in 1988 before later seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012. He didn't seek re-election to the House in 2012.
Date: July 5, 2010
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;foreign policy;military
Context: a CNN interview
Fact-check justification: Those totals include the Department of Defense, overseas contingency operations, the State Department and other international programs, and "a few other agencies and programs typically included in a 'security' budget." Ron Paul claims that the U.S. spends $1 trillion a year on foreign policy. Our experts acknowledged that the figure largely depends on one's definition of "foreign policy." Changing the definition means altering the expenses that one includes in the calculation. There was disagreement, for example, on whether to include the interest payments on debt-financed military spending and how to calculate that debt.
Statement: Says Nelson Mandela "was a communist.
Speaker: bill o'reilly
About the speaker: Bill O'Reilly hosted The O'Reilly Factor on Fox News until 2017. He formerly worked as a television news reporter and has authored numerous books.
Date: December 5, 2013
Topics: history;foreign policy;punditfact
Context: an exchange on Fox's "The O'Reilly Factor"
Fact-check justification: O’Reilly said that Mandela "was a communist." The weight of the historical  shows that O’Reilly is correct. For a time, Mandela -- despite his denials -- appears to have been a member not only of the party but also of its central committee. However, it’s worth noting that Mandela’s affiliation with the party or its goals was never a dominant feature of his ideology or message. We rate O’Reilly’s  .
Statement: Says Barack Obama is a Muslim.
Speaker: hank williams jr.
About the speaker: Hank Williams Jr. is a renowned, rowdy country singer. He is the sole son of the late legend, Hank Williams.
Date: September 2, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;religion
Context: Fort Worth
Fact-check justification: Obama is not a Muslim. This has been clear for years. This  sets the woods . UPDATE, 5:42 p.m., Oct. 24, 2012 : This story has been revised to clarify that we were checking on the factual accuracy of the . This change does not affect the rating.
Statement: Says Charlie Crist supports "cuts to the Medicare Advantage program.
Speaker: republican party of florida
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Florida represents Republicans in Florida.
Date: April 1, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: health care;medicare
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Republican Party of Florida said Crist supports "cuts to the Medicare Advantage program." Crist has flip-flopped on a lot of issues, including the federal health care law. He used to oppose the Affordable Care Act, but now he supports it. The law tries to bring down future health care costs by reducing Medicare Advantage payments. But on the issue of Medicare Advantage, Crist has actually been consistent: He's been critical of the Medicare Advantage cuts for years. He specifically said he opposed the reductions in 2009 and 2010, and he still opposes them today. Crist doesn’t appear to have come up with other ways to save money on health care without reducing payments to Medicare Advantage. But our purpose here is to fact-check the  that he supports the cuts, and we found no proof that he does. We rate this  .
Statement: With the goal to preserve 30% of the earth's land and water by 2030, "300 million people stand to lose their land and livelihood, most of them tribal and indigenous peoples.
Speaker: survival international
About the speaker: Survival International is a global movement for tribal peoples.
Date: April 22, 2021
Location: national
Topics: global news service;environment;agriculture;climate change;human rights
Context: a website press release
Fact-check justification: Survival International said under the 30x30 plan, "300 million people stand to lose their land and livelihood, most of them tribal and indigenous peoples." The 300 million figure is derived from a study on the impact of land conservation efforts, but not the 30x30 initiative specifically. While conservation efforts have led to forced evictions in the past, that’s not always the case, and the assumption that 30x30 would do so runs counter to the stated priorities of the nations pressing for the plan.  Survival International said it should have said "many" not "most" of the 300 million would be indigenous people. The  contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: In the past year, DeKalb has "attracted and retained more than 2,300 jobs.
Speaker: lee may
About the speaker: Lee May is the interim chief executive officer of DeKalb County government.
Date: January 22, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: the 2015 State of the County address
Fact-check justification: Looking at the categories, the bulk of the people being counted - those on the state level, in job training and some hired on the local level - are likely to be the same as the number of jobs. But for some people working part-time on the local level, or in the CIP, the distinction could boost or underestimate the actual number of jobs. Without more data, which the county does not collect, we don’t know what is happening. Overall, that means the statement is  right, except for problems the county acknowledges in its counts. We rate the statement .
Statement: Under Republican-backed state budget, the state education agency estimates expansion of Wisconsin's school voucher program "could cost nearly $2 billion annually
Speaker: peter barca
About the speaker:  
Peter Barca, a Kenosha native and Democrat, has served two stints in the state Assembly. He was first elected in 1984 before resigning after winning a U.S. House seat in 1993. He served one term in Congress, losing re-election to Mark Neumann. Barca served in various governmental and private-sector posts before winning election to the Assembly in 2008. He was elected Minority Leader of the Assembly Democrats in 2011.
 
Date: June 5, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;state budget;taxes
Context: a fund-raising email
Fact-check justification: But the cost of the entire voucher program -- not just the expansion -- averages $192.5 million per year for the 2013-15 budget cycle. DPI's $1.9 billion-per-year estimate is not based on the 2013-15 expansion; it would only apply if the voucher program expands dramatically years down the road. The money exaggeration may make for good copy when it comes to raising money. But when it comes to math, it’s a major failure.    We rate Barca's statement .
Statement: The state of Georgia is near the bottom among states for SAT scores and graduation rates.
Speaker: chip rogers
About the speaker: State Senator Chip Rogers is a Republican from Woodstock.
Date: July 11, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: education
Context: Town hall meeting
Fact-check justification: A review of its most recent data (the 2007-08 school year) showed about 65 percent of students who were freshmen four years earlier graduated that year. Georgia ranked ahead of only Louisiana, Mississippi, Nevada and Washington, D.C. Rogers is correct to say Georgia SAT scores are "near the bottom" nationally. The graduation rates are trickier, but even with potentially flawed data, Georgia was ahead of just three states. We rate his  as .
Statement: The "left" is blatantly attempting to disrupt Georgia's elections.
Speaker: brian kemp
About the speaker: Brian Kemp, a Republican, was elected governor of Georgia in 2018. Previously, he served as secretary of state.
Date: October 19, 2016
Location: georgia
Topics: elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Brian Kemp, Georgia’s chief elections official, said in an Oct. 19 tweet that the "left" is trying to disrupt Georgia’s election process. When contacted, Kemp’s camp was unable to supply much . The left-leaning ACLU did file suit, seeking to extend Georgia’s voter registration deadline due to Hurricane Matthew, but a judge refused a statewide extension. Georgia has a few reported cases of voting problems, but they do not amount to a left-wing conspiracy to disrupt the vote. We rate Kemp’s statement .
Statement: Target to discontinue sale of Holy Bible.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 16, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: As for being able to buy the good book, a search of the Target.com website turns up 791 results in a search for "Holy Bible," so it’s readily available. But just to make sure, we contacted Target’s public relations department, which assured us that yes, you can still buy the Bible in stores. And no, there were no plans to change that. Target did eventually start offering private bathrooms to try to settle the boycott over transgendered bathrooms, but it never said it would stop selling the Bible. We rate this statement ! https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/eb166a41-f45d-47df-87c1-3df849991812
Statement: Says under his budget-repair bill, "collective bargaining is fully intact.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: February 18, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: labor;state budget
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: In arguing the changes would be modest, Walker cited the civil service system and said "collective bargaining is fully in tact." However, Walker himself has outlined how his budget-repair bill would limit the collective bargaining rights of public employees. Indeed, it’s that provision that provoked daily demonstrations at the state Capitol and national media attention. To now say now say collective bargaining would remain "fully intact" is not just , it’s  . And that means it is
Statement: U.S. Embassy Celebrates America's Independence on June 4th in Order to Accommodate Muslims.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: June 6, 2015
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;religion
Context: social media posts
Fact-check justification: Various social media posts recently offered headlines like this one: "U.S. Embassy Celebrates America’s Independence on June 4th in Order to Accommodate Muslims" The U.S. Embassy in Jakarta did reschedule its July 4 celebration for June 4, and it explained the move as a way "to respect" the holy month of Ramadan. The switch had to do with increasing the odds of a successful event by scheduling it when local people would not be distracted by a religious observance that requires daytime fasting. Also, it’s not unprecedented for embassies to re-schedule July 4th celebrations for a variety of reasons, including the weather. The blog posts are accurate but require additional information, so we rate the statement .
Statement: Big Oil gave Scott Brown $454,260.
Speaker: jeanne shaheen
About the speaker: Jeanne Shaheen is a Senator from New Hampshire.
Date: August 27, 2014
Location: new hampshire
Topics: campaign finance;corporations
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Shaheen’s ad said that "Big Oil gave Scott Brown $454,260." Independently collected data shows that while Brown received roughly that much from donors categorized under the "oil and gas industry," only about 11.5 percent of that haul came from companies and individuals affiliated with the biggest multinational companies -- what most viewers would consider "Big Oil." The statement is partially accurate, but leaves out important details. So we rate this  .
Statement: Says "President Obama fired every Bush appointed ambassador upon his election.
Speaker: mark meadows
About the speaker: Mark Meadows is a North Carolina Republican member of the United States Congress.
Date: November 15, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: foreign policy
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: That was routine, unlike Yovanovitch’s removal. And at least a couple of political appointees, including Ashe, actually stayed months into Obama’s presidency. We rate this  . Correction : In the first reference to Ashe, we've corrected the sentence to say "successor" rather "predecessor."
Statement: Says President Barack Obama did not invite a Republican senator to dine at the White House until his fifth year in office.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: November 11, 2015
Location: iowa
Topics: bipartisanship
Context: Atlantic, Iowa, during a campaign event
Fact-check justification: Based on our review of visitor logs, there are a handful of instances in which Republican U.S. senators visited the White House residence between 2009 and 2012, including a 2011 dinner attended by Senate GOP Leader Mitch McConnell. There’s also that high-profile 2010 case in which Obama invited two Republican senators to dinner – the famous Slurpee Summit – only to be publicly snubbed. And it’s worth noting, too, that the records indicate that Obama hasn’t dined privately with Democratic senators all that often either – suggesting that private evening meals just aren’t part of Obama’s congressional relations strategy.  We rate this  .
Statement: 2.4 million people in Wisconsin have pre-existing conditions" and Leah Vukmir supports letting insurance companies "deny coverage to people with pre-existing conditions.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: September 20, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: corporations;health care;public health
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: On the second part of Baldwin’s statement, Vukmir has indicated that high-risk pools are a solution for covering people with pre-existing conditions. But those were in place because -- before the Affordable Care Act, which Vukmir wants to repeal -- insurers were allowed to deny coverage to people with pre-existing conditions. And Wisconsin’s high-risk pool covered only a fraction of people with pre-existing conditions. That being said, Vukmir has not specifically said she supports allowing insurers to deny coverage to people with pre-existing conditions, and she has said those should be covered  — even if she has been vague about how that would happen. For a statement that is partially accurate, we give Baldwin a .
Statement: White House spokesman Robert Gibbs "lied" when he said President Obama's birth certificate is posted on the Internet.
Speaker: worldnetdaily
About the speaker: WorldNetDaily is a conservative Internet news Web site owned by the Western Center for Journalism.
Date: June 17, 2009
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;obama birth certificate
Context: an advertisement
Fact-check justification: And that's really the central issue here. The Health Department says the "Certification of Live Birth" is Hawaii's version of a birth certificate. Calling it by other names — Certificate of Live Birth, Certification of Live Birth — is just semantics. WorldNetDaily may be right that the original birth certificate wasn't posted, but if Hawaii says the the document Obama posted can rightly be called Obama's birth certificate, how is Gibbs lying? We harbor no delusions that anything we say here will slow the persistent drumbeat of the birthers, but we rule this statement .