chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: WV's tourism industry grew at a rate 30% above the national rate in 2017. This increase reversed a four-year decline in which travel-generated spending fell more than $600 million.
Speaker: jim justice
About the speaker: Jim Justice is the Republican governor of West Virginia. A businessman, Justice was originally elected as a Democrat.
Date: September 19, 2018
Location: west virginia
Topics: economy;state budget;tourism
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Justice said, "WV's tourism industry grew at a rate 30% above the national rate in 2017. This increase reversed a four-year decline in which travel-generated spending fell more than $600 million." He’s right about the comparison of West Virginia and the nation as a whole, and he’s also correct about the decline from 2012 to 2016. However, he engaged in a bit of cherry-picking of the data and glossed over the role of inflation in the state’s tourism spending increase. We rate the statement .
Statement: Jack Berry voted for a plan to cut $23.8 million from our schools.
Speaker: levar stoney
About the speaker: Levar Stoney is a 2016 candidate for mayor of Richmond.
Stoney was appointed Secretary of the Commonwealth in 2014 by Virginia Gov. Terry McAuliffe. He resigned the post in April 2016 to run for mayor. Prior to that, he served as executive director of the Virginia Democratic Party and worked in a number of campaigns.
Stoney was born in 1981 in New York and later moved to Yorktown, Va. He graduated from James Madison University in 2004, where he was president of the student government.
 
Date: October 17, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: city budget;education;voting record
Fact-check justification: Stoney’s flier says, "Jack Berry voted for a plan to cut $23.8 million from our schools." The Richmond School Board passed a budget in 2012 that exceeded its revenues by $23.8 million and asked the city to make up the difference. Mayor Jones refused and appointed an 11-member advisory committee, which included Berry, to find savings. The panel voted 10-1, with Berry’s support, to recommend a plan that itemized $23.8 million in cuts to the board’s proposed budget. The City Council largely adopted that plan. Stoney’s statement suggests that Berry had an official role in the budget deliberations. He didn’t. Berry served as an adviser to the mayor with instructions to find efficiencies. He didn’t have a say in the actual appropriation of city funds for education; that remained in the hands of the City Council. It’s also  to say, as Stoney does, that the plan "cut" $23.8 million from schools. Most of that sum was hoped-for new money from the City Council that the School Board never received.   So Stoney’s statement contains an element of  but ignores important facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Says Tammy Baldwin "supported legislation allowing citizens to withhold funding for our troops.
Speaker: restoration pac
About the speaker: Suburan Chicago-based Restoration PAC is a super PAC that was formed in January 2015.
Date: March 21, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget;military;polls and public opinion
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: Clearly this is intended for a conscientious objector to feel better about their taxes, but it doesn’t reduce their tax bill or really withhold funding for our troops.’" Our rating Restoration PAC says Baldwin "supported legislation allowing citizens to withhold funding for our troops." Baldwin on four occasions, most recently in 2009, cosponsored a bill that would have allowed conscientious objectors to direct the federal government not to use their income taxes and other tax payments for any military purpose. But the bill would not have restricted Congress’ ability to allocate money to the military; even the organization pushing the legislation acknowledges it would not reduce military funding; and experts agree it is a symbolic measure that would not result in funding being withheld from troops. For a statement that contains an element of  but leaves out important details, our rating is .
Statement: Says Ohio congressional candidate Danny O'Connor has raised "90 percent of his campaign funds from liberal out of staters.
Speaker: troy balderson
About the speaker: Troy Balderson is a Republican member of the U.S. House representing Ohio District 12. 
Date: September 6, 2018
Location: ohio
Topics: campaign finance
Context: a news story
Fact-check justification: Balderson said O’Connor has raised "90 percent of his campaign funds from liberal out of staters." In the most recent fundraising report, almost 90 percent of O’Connor’s campaign contributions came from donors outside of Ohio. That’s donors, not money. But when it comes to O’Connors overall itemized donations thus far in the race, the situation isn’t as stark. Combined, 23 percent stemmed from in-state contributions, and 77 percent came from all other states combined. The percentages do not include contributions under $200, because the FEC doesn’t require certain information such as donors’ addresses. Balderson’s statement is inflated and incomplete. We rate it .
Statement: If you don't pay income taxes ... you'll have more money" under the Republican tax plan.
Speaker: tim scott
About the speaker: Tim Scott, a South Carolina Republican senator, announced he is running for president in May 2023. He joined the Senate in 2013. Scott was previously elected to the Charleston County Council, the South Carolina House of Representatives and the United States House of Representatives.
Date: November 26, 2017
Location: national
Topics: health care;taxes
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Scott said, "If you don't pay income taxes ... you'll have more money" under the Republican tax plan. Scott’s logic rests on Americans who do not pay income taxes no longer having to pay the penalty for not carrying health insurance. However, people who decided to keep buying health insurance despite the lifting of the individual mandate penalty wouldn’t benefit under Scott’s scenario. And if they decided to forgo health insurance and pocket the amount of the individual mandate penalty instead, they would only end up ahead if they remained healthy enough to keep their medical costs low. That’s more of a gamble than anything close to a certainty. We rate this statement .
Statement: More people have watched 'Morning Joe' than CNN and HLN 5 years in a row.
Speaker: joe scarborough
About the speaker: Joe Scarborough, a former Republican congressman from Florida, is the host of "Morning Joe" on MSNBC. He is a lawyer with Beggs and Lane, the oldest firm in Florida and a former publisher and editor of "The Florida Sun," a newspaper.
Date: January 29, 2015
Topics: polls and public opinion;punditfact
Context: a tweet on Twitter
Fact-check justification: Scarborough tweeted that more people have watched Morning Joe than CNN and HLN 5 years in a row. In the most general sense, the average daily audience each year for anyone 2 years old and up, he is correct. But there are many other ways to slice the apple that paint a more complicated ratings picture. Looking at the more valuable television demographic for advertisers, 25-to-54-year-olds, MSNBC has been in a dogfight with CNN and HLN. And more recent month-by-month data shows CNN clearly is gaining ground and has surpassed Morning Joe . Scarborough’s  is literally accurate, but experts we consulted said it’s a bit deceiving given the other data that exists. That most closely fits our definition of .
Statement: VIDEO Kevin Bacon Saying 'We Are Blessed To Have Donald Trump As Our President'
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: August 14, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: But the Gossip Cop story shared by Bacon noted that the actor hadn’t been on the ABC show since 2007 . The Phoenix Post’s headline explicitly says "Kevin Bacon," but the text of the story replaced his last name with "publisher 1st baron verulam," or "1st Baron Verulam" (apparently trying to reference a title given to the philosopher Francis Bacon ). PunditFact has fact-checked multiple hoaxes about celebrities praising Trump, including these involving Denzel Washington , Emma Stone , and Jennifer Aniston . Bacon did not say "we are blessed to have Donald Trump as our president." We rate that fabricated story as !
Statement: The pipe bomb suspect's van was staged.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 25, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: Some of the town’s residents reported regularly seeing such a van with windows plastered "with a thick collage of pro-Trump stickers," according to the paper. "It struck me because of the crazy, conspiratorial stickers covering the windows," the Times quoted former Aventura resident David Cypkin as saying. "It was unsettling." Other media outlets, including the  Washington Post and the Miami Herald , have also reported on the van, posting photos of the vehicle and talking to Floridians who recall seeing the van before the pipe bombs were mailed. We rate this statement as !
Statement: Says President Barack Obama "did not come into office with the economy in a free fall.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: October 10, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: Was the economy plunging downward, hit bottom, or had it hit and was on the upswing? As Jacobsen notes, it’s hard to call January 2009 a time of free fall in a technical sense. Cratered might have been a better way for Team Obama to describe it. Johnson is correct on the lagging nature of economic indicators and agrees that the economy was in rough shape at the time. We rate his  .
Statement: In the 'old days' if you were president and you had a good economy, you were basically immune from criticism.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 23, 2019
Location: national
Topics: economy;history;polls and public opinion
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "In the ‘old days’ if you were President and you had a good economy, you were basically immune from criticism." Even setting aside the constitutionally protected right of Americans to petition the government with their grievances, Trump lacks basic  for his assertion. At least four prior presidents served during good economic times yet had approval ratings lower than Trump’s are currently, usually because of wars or scandal. We rate the statement .
Statement: Quotes Donald Trump as saying in 2013, "A shutdown falls on the President's lack of leadership. He can't even control his own party and get people together in a room. A shutdown means the president is weak.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 13, 2018
Topics: federal budget;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims Trump said a government shutdown "falls on the president’s lack of leadership" and means the "president is weak" in 2013. We couldn’t find an instance when Trump said those exact words all together, but he did repeat similar statements on social media and in interviews at the time, saying "the pressure is on the president" during a shutdown and that the president "has to get everybody in a room and be a leader." The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says that "93 percent of the time John Boccieri voted with Nancy Pelosi.
Speaker: national republican congressional committee
About the speaker: National Republican Congressional Committee
Date: October 4, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: message machine 2010;voting record
Context: a television election ad
Fact-check justification: The NRCC’s underlying point is that Boccieri votes with the majority a lot. But the NRCC’s accuracy suffers because it chose to try to tie Boccieri to a politican it deems unpopular, rather than say what the Washington Post’s database shows. And when you look at how the House speaker’s votes match up with Boccieri’s, his support hasn’t been as lockstep as the Republicans . We rate the NRCC’s  as . Comment on this item .
Statement: The KKK was formed by the Democratic Party.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 11, 2017
Topics: corrections and updates;fake news;facebook fact-checks
Fact-check justification: While some Democrats supported the KKK, there’s  no  the group was founded by their political party. And context matters—the anti-black Democratic Party of yore is not the party that Hillary Clinton belongs to today. We rate this statement . Correction: This story was updated to correct the spelling of the Ku Klux Klan.
Statement: Says Gov. Bob McDonnell's budget would cut pre-kindergarten programs.
Speaker: george barker
About the speaker: George L. Barker was first elected to the Virginia Senate in 2007.  Prior to his election, he had been active in a number of civic and community organizations.  
Barker has two degrees from Harvard University, receiving undergraduate honors in Economics and Public Health and a master's in Health Policy and Management.  For three decades he worked for the Health Systems Agency of Northern Virginia.  He currently consults on health care issues.
Barker and his wife reside in Clifton.  They have two grown children and were foster parents to 13 children. 
 
Date: January 11, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: McDonnell has ensured that the number of slots available to at-risk preschoolers would increase during the next two budget years. But starting in 2015, as Barker notes, the policy would result in about one-fifth of localities losing state funding for some of the children they serve. Barker’s statement contains an element of  in that some cities and counties eventually could suffer under McDonnell’s pre-K proposal. But it ignores the larger fact that the program would expand in most of the state. We rate Barker’s  .
Statement: The percent of millionaires in Congress is 50% while the percent among the U.S. public is 1 percent
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 12, 2020
Topics: congress;income;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said 50% of the members of Congress are millionaires compared with only 1% of the American public as a whole. The number of millionaires in Congress is hard to pinpoint precisely, because they disclose their finances in ranges. But data from the Center for Responsive Politics showed that about 48% were worth at least $1 million. The post understates the number of millionaires among the public. A more accurate number would be between 5% and 12%. But the general point that millionaires in Congress far outpace those among citizens is correct. This statement rates .
Statement: The former Miss Universe-Ukraine, Anastasiia Lenna, turned in her high heels for some combat boots to fight for her country.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 27, 2022
Location: national
Topics: military;facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims it shows a Ukrainian beauty queen fighting against the Russians invading Ukraine. That’s not the case. Lenna did not join the Ukrainian military. She posted a photo in which she’s posing with an airsoft gun. She said the photo was meant to inspire people.  We rate this post .
Statement: In Wisconsin, because a key provision of the Voting Rights Act was not in effect,  "somewhere between 40,000 and 80,000 people were turned away from the polls (in 2016) because of the color of their skin" and other factors.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: March 3, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;supreme court;voting record
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: The provision in question never applied to Wisconsin. She also has problems with the numbers on both ends of her range. What’s more, the  -- and others like it -- put all of the blame for people not voting on the state’s photo ID law. That ignores other factors, such as a lack of enthusiasm from voters, or the belief -- one apparently shared by candidate Clinton -- that the state was a safe one for her in 2016. We rate the  .
Statement: Dan McCready backed state legislation that raised consumers "$149 million a year in higher energy costs.
Speaker: club for growth
About the speaker: The Club for Growth is an anti-tax group.
Date: July 25, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: energy
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: The Club for Growth ad says McCready backed regulations that would cost consumers $149 million a year in their electric bills. While it is  that the clean-energy group pushed to keep a renewable portfolio standard in North Carolina, the standard had already been established for close to a decade at the time McCready joined the group’s board. It is  to say that NCSEA lobbied for "costly state regulations" when RPS had already been in the law for years before the House put forward legislation that would have watered it down. The ad gives an exact figure for the costs of the standard, but experts told us that estimates on the effects of RPS vary widely, ranging from savings to costs. What’s more, the ad fails to mention that renewable energy decreases toxic and costly carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, we rate this statement . Correction: A previous version of this story had  figures for the estimated cost of carbon dioxide emissions and a University of Chicago study's estimate of the cost of renewable standards per metric ton of reduced carbon emissions. This does not change our ruling. This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide. To offer ideas for fact checks, email [email protected] .
Statement: Says that when Michelle Fields "found out that there was a security camera, and that they had her on tape, all of a sudden that story changed.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 29, 2016
Location: national
Topics: legal issues
Context: a CNN town hall
Fact-check justification: Trump said that when Michelle Fields "found out that there was a security camera, and that they had her on tape, all of a sudden that story changed." We see no  that Fields’ story about her altercation with Trump’s campaign manager has changed. She gave an initial account and hasn't backed off of it. We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: Property tax exemptions can be granted to small businesses that move into Milwaukee County.
Speaker: chris abele
About the speaker: Chris Abele is Milwaukee County Executive, a position he won in an April 2011 special election to finish out the final year of the term of Scott Walker, who was elected governor in November 2010. The election was the first attempt at political office for Abele, a Milwaukee philanthropist and business owner.
The office is nonpartisan, but Abele has indicated he is a Democrat.
Date: January 31, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs;small business;taxes
Context: a campaign news release
Fact-check justification: Abele is touting his idea of granting special property tax breaks to certain businesses. But well-established legal principles, the state’s constitution and expert opinion strongly suggests that not even the Legislature could make this happen. The lack of detail in Abele’s plan may be the best thing going for it, because it’s harder to judge. But it also makes clear how far off base he was in presenting this as a simple matter of a pen stroke by the new county executive. We rate his statement .
Statement: Says McCain "supported George Bush's policies 95 percent of the time.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: August 23, 2008
Location: national
Topics: bush administration
Context: Springfield, Ill
Fact-check justification: He supported Bush as infrequently as 77 percent of the time in 2005, and backed the president's position an average of 89 percent of the time since 2001. By congressional standards, that's solidly partisan, but hardly marching in lockstep. Biden would have been right if, like Obama, he mentioned the year. But he didn't and gave a  picture of McCain's support for Bush. That sounds  to us.
Statement: We would create thousands of jobs in Colorado, if the Keystone Pipeline were to be built.
Speaker: cory gardner
About the speaker: Cory Gardner, a Republican, won a seat to represent Colorado in the U.S. Senate in 2014. He previously served in the U.S. House of Representatives and the Colorado House of Representatives.
Date: July 28, 2014
Location: national
Topics: environment;climate change;energy;government regulation
Context: an interview on Univision Radio
Fact-check justification: Gardner said, "We would create thousands of jobs in Colorado, if the Keystone Pipeline were to be built." Gardner based that statement off an old study that measured the overall impact of the Alberta oil sands on the U.S. economy, not the Keystone XL pipeline specifically. The State Department study cited by the company building the pipeline estimates that the equivalent of 30,000 direct, indirect and induced temporary jobs will be created in states outside the pipeline’s projected route. However, it doesn’t specify how many of those would be created in Colorado. We rate Gardner’s statement .