chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Our recent state budgets have far exceeded population and inflation growth.
Speaker: tom pauken
About the speaker: Tom Pauken of Port Aransas, a candidate for governor of Texas in 2014, is a past chairman of the Texas Workforce Commission. He previously chaired the Republican Party of Texas and served in the administration of President Ronald Reagan. He is a Vietnam veteran.
Date: July 25, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: population;state budget
Context: an oped column
Fact-check justification: Pauken said recent state budgets have far exceeded population and inflation growth. Spending of all funds, which folds in federal aid, exceeded population and inflation growth in five of six recent Texas budgets. Adjusted for those factors, the two-year budgets went up as little as 0.4 percent to nearly 10 percent. And while total spending trailed population growth/inflation in 2012-13, that conclusion could change once number-crunchers account for final spending decisions by the 2013 Legislature. In contrast, state spending alone, over which lawmakers have the most direct control, trailed population growth and inflation in four of the six two-year budgets from 2002-03 through 2012-13--and it’s not expected to exceed inflation/population growth through August 2015. We rate this , which has an element of  but ignores critical facts giving a more meaningful impression, as .
Statement: White men account for 69 percent of those arrested for violent crimes.
Speaker: sally kohn
About the speaker: Sally Kohn is a liberal columnist and TV pundit based in Brooklyn, N.Y. Kohn is a contributor for CNN and writes columns for the Daily Beast. She also works as a communications consultant and has been active in social justice organizations.
Date: March 19, 2015
Topics: crime;punditfact
Context: an opinion piece on CNN.com
Fact-check justification: Kohn said that white men are at least as dangerous as black men and cited as proof that white men represent 69 percent of people arrested for violent crimes. When presented with the inaccuracies in using that specific figure by PunditFact, Kohn corrected herself. Criminologists we contacted also told us that those absolute figures -- when used correctly --  tell only half the story. When talking about risks to society, it is equally important to provide the population-based rate. When we do that, the threat of violent crimes posed by blacks looks larger than that of whites. For these two reasons, Kohn’s  that "white men account for 69 percent of those arrested for violent crimes" is . We rate it .
Statement: Political activists are "being paid" to protest members of Congress.
Speaker: louie gohmert
About the speaker: Louie Gohmert, a U.S. House member since 2005, is a former chief justice of the Texas 12th Court of Appeals and Smith County state district judge. He lives in Tyler.
Date: February 21, 2017
Location: national
Topics: congress
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Gohmert said political activists are "being paid" to protest members of Congress. His office didn’t provide any  of this, and neither did several other Republican officials we asked. It’s possible some protesters somewhere may be paid, but there’s zero  of a wide-ranging conspiracy to bring in paid activists to disrupt meetings. We rate this statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/a6193c51-8464-41e6-be3a-6f31d4804f51
Statement: Says Clint Eastwood called Joe Biden an "incompetent, lying, flip-flopping, insincere, double-talking, radical socialist.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 21, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In February, he told the Wall Street Journal that while he approves of "certain things that Trump’s done" he wishes Trump would act "in a more genteel way, without tweeting and calling people names." Eastwood also expressed support for former New York City Mayor Mike Bloomberg, who had not yet dropped out of the Democratic presidential race. We rate this Facebook post . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: In one year, the United Nations "did 24 resolutions and 20 of them were against Israel.
Speaker: ron desantis
About the speaker: Ron DeSantis announced on May 24, 2023 that he is running for president in the Republican primary. DeSantis won the race for Florida governor in 2018 and 2022. DeSantis was first elected to Congress in 2012 and resigned in September 2018 to focus on his campaign. He represented Florida's 6th Congressional District which is south of St. Augustine and north of Orlando and includes Daytona Beach. DeSantis initially ran for U.S. Senate in 2016 but dropped out after Marco Rubio decided to seek re-election.
Date: January 11, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: israel
Context: a event at the Heritage Foundation
Fact-check justification: DeSantis said the United Nations spent one year doing "24 resolutions, and 20 of them were against Israel." These numbers are . The United Nations' General Assembly passed hundreds of resolutions in the year-long 2016-17 session — not two dozen. DeSantis was apparently trying to repeat a watchdog group's findings that 20 of 24 (and then 26) General Assembly resolutions against other countries , over a few months   in 2016, were against Israel. But his sweeping public comment contained no trace of those clarifications, and he doubled down on his statement at the event. His effort to boil down a complex system into a sound bite doesn't check out. We rate this  .
Statement: About 106,000 soldiers had "a prescription of three weeks or more" for pain, depression or anxiety medication.
Speaker: gen. peter chiarelli
About the speaker: Gen. Peter Chiarelli is the vice chief of staff for the United States Army.
Date: August 8, 2010
Location: national
Topics: health care;military;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on "This Week."
Fact-check justification: Unannounced health and welfare checks and inspections "have been lost" as part of that transition. "There are instances where a leader’s lack of Soldier accountability resulted in suicide victims not being found until they had been dead for three or four weeks," the report noted. While the report raises a host of issues, we're only ruling on what the general said about the rate of medication among soldiers. The Army report and other testimony that we found support Chiarelli's statement that approximately 106,000 soldiers had "a prescription of three weeks or more" for pain, depression or anxiety medication. We rate his statement .
Statement: Police in the United States are allowed to use tear gas even though it "has been classified as a chemical weapon and banned in international conflict since 1993.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 25, 2014
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice;legal issues;foreign policy
Context: a meme on social media
Fact-check justification: The meme said police in the United States use tear gas even though it "has been classified as a chemical weapon and banned in international conflict since 1993." The Chemical Weapons Convention did outlaw the use of tear gas in warfare, though that went into effect in 1997, not 1993. However, the meme glosses over some context. It tries to leverage the Chemical Weapons Convention’s decision to ban tear gas as  of why the technique should be illegal for policing, yet that very same convention explicitly allows its use for domestic law enforcement purposes. The  is accurate but needs clarification, so we rate it .
Statement: Says his 9-9-9 tax reform plan is not "regressive.
Speaker: herman cain
About the speaker: Herman Cain is an author, columnist and talk radio host. Cain, a former pizza franchise CEO, ran for president as a Republican in 2012.
Date: October 19, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: taxes
Context: several public statements
Fact-check justification: Cain says the personal income flat tax is not "regressive," and technically speaking, all but the poor will be taxed at the same rate. (How he’ll handle the poor remains unclear.) Still, under Cain’s 9-9-9 plan, low- and middle-income taxpayers will pay a greater share of their income on taxes than their wealthier counterparts. This fits the definition of "regressive." We rate Cain’s  .
Statement: Tennessee students now cover about 67 percent of the cost of their education at public universities, and some 60 percent at community colleges.
Speaker: john g. morgan
About the speaker: Morgan had been Deputy to the Governor of the State of Tennessee since January 2009; prior to that, he had served as Comptroller of the Treasury for the State of Tennessee for 10 years. His public service career dates back to 1976 except for a brief stint in the late 1980s with Third National Bank. Morgan has had a longtime interest in and commitment to education. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in political science and history from Austin Peay State University.
Date: September 13, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: education
Context: Testimoney to the U.S. Senate Education Committee
Fact-check justification: Parents of aspiring college students who remember the days when tuition covered just one-third the per-student costs at state colleges and universities may be shocked to learn that, at least in Tennessee, students now pay 67 percent of the costs of their education through tuition and fees. That’s the point that one of Tennessee’s top higher education officials told a Senate committee, and the research backs him up. We rule this statement .
Statement: Says children are coming into the U.S. in "staggering numbers" because  President Barack Obama "has been promising amnesty.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: June 23, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: immigration
Context: a press conference at Lackland Air Force Base
Fact-check justification: Cruz said children are coming into the U.S. in "staggering numbers" because  President Barack Obama "has been promising amnesty." We suppose the government’s 2012 declaration it wouldn’t deport certain young residents already here by 2007 might be misinterpreted as an everlasting amnesty signal by some. But Obama hasn’t offered amnesty to anyone. Other factors in children streaming north from Central America include home-country conditions and a policy reaffirmed by Congress before Obama became president enabling unaccompanied children from places other than Canada and Mexico to settle here with family members or others while waiting for immigration cases to be heard. We rate this statement as .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: A photo shows Gov. Gretchen Whitmer "on Mackinaw Island today ignoring mask and social distancing rules.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 24, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: That’s because the photo is more than a year old. It doesn’t show Whitmer violating social distancing orders on Mackinac (spelled with a C, but pronounced mack-in-aw). It came from Whitmer’s campaign when she was running for governor in 2018. The Oakland Press, which ran the picture alongside a Q&A with Whitmer in October 2018, said in the caption that it shows her "speaking to Michigan residents while on the campaign trail. "  We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: In the state legislature, I supported Second Amendment rights.
Speaker: jason kander
About the speaker: Jason Kander, a Democrat, is the Missouri secretary of state and is challenging U.S. Sen. Roy Blunt, R-Mo., in 2016.
Date: September 15, 2016
Location: missouri
Topics: guns
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: In a TV ad, Kander said, "In the state legislature, I supported Second Amendment rights." As a state representative, Kander voted in favor of two bills, which are now law, that would lower the age for someone to conceal and carry a weapon. On the other hand, he also voted against several bills that would reduce regulations on guns. In short, his gun record is nuanced. Further, experts cautioned us not to draw a straight line between votes and gun legislation and support for the Second Amendment. It is possible to support the Second Amendment and favor some regulation on guns. Even though he sometimes voted against bills to expand access to guns, it is fair for Kander to say he supported the Second Amendment as a legislator. The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate Kander’s  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/05a77216-92bf-4df3-933b-6d093512c2a7
Statement: We haven't had a Republican senator in Washington for ... why, I think Clifford Case was our last Republican senator.
Speaker: christine whitman
About the speaker: Christine Todd Whitman was New Jersey's 50th governor, serving from 1994 to 2001. She left the governor's office to become administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under then President George W. Bush. Today she is president of The Whitman Strategy Group.
Date: June 4, 2013
Location: new jersey
Topics: congress;history
Context: an interview on The John Gambling radio show
Fact-check justification: Whitman said during a radio interview, "We haven't had a Republican senator in Washington for ... why, I think Clifford Case was our last Republican senator." Brady was the last Republican to serve in the Senate, for eight months in 1982, prior to Chiesa’s appointment. Before that, Case was the last Republican that New Jersey voters elected to the Senate. Since Whitman referred to the ‘last’ Republican senator to represent New Jersey, that title goes to Brady. We therefore rate the former governor’s  . To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says Donald Trump will be re-inaugurated as president on March 4, 2021.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 23, 2021
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: Facebook posts
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says Donald Trump will be re-inaugurated as president on March 4, 2021. This conspiracy theory rests on a flawed interpretation of an 1871 bill that consolidated the different neighborhoods of Washington, D.C., into a single entity.  The 20th Amendment to the Constitution changed the inauguration date from March 4 to Jan. 20. And on Jan. 20, 2021, Joe Biden was sworn in as the 46th president for a term of four years. This  is  and . We rate it ! ​
Statement: Says Denzel Washington left the Democratic Party because he's "had it with the lies.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 23, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: In 2016, he told reporters that it was none of their business who he supported in the presidential election. That year, he also criticized a fabricated story that said he had switched his support from then-Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton to Trump.   According to OpenSecrets’ database of political donations , Washington has donated to Barack Obama, Clinton and the Democratic National Committee. But he didn’t make the statements that appear in the Instagram post.   We rate it .
Statement: The city of Brookhaven's ordinance could cause the Pink Pony to close, thereby "putting 300 Pink Pony employees out of work in this economy.
Speaker: pink pony
About the speaker: The Pink Pony is an adult entertainment club located in the city of Brookhaven. It opened in 1991.
Date: July 11, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: legal issues
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Still, we don’t know if all of them are regularly working there. Do the majority of the 200 or so dancers work two days a week? Once every two months? The Pink Pony  is partially accurate, but it ignores a lot of context that would give a reader a different impression. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton "threatened to bomb Iran — totally obliterate them — if she was president.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 4, 2020
Topics: iran;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: It doesn’t actually produce good results." As Democrats criticize President Donald Trump for ordering the airstrike, Facebook users are remarking that Clinton’s comments "didn’t age well. "  We’ll leave that to you to decide. But the video is deceptively edited, taking her comments out of context and repeating one of her statements at the end of the clip as a bomb explodes.   We rate it .
Statement: If you stop testing (for COVID-19) it all goes away and people just have colds like before.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 5, 2022
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims that, if people were to stop testing for COVID-19, the pandemic would go away and people will "just have colds like before." Testing does not cause the virus, and putting a stop to it wouldn't mean an end to the pandemic. Testing is important to track the spread and severity of the virus in a community. If testing does stop and people appear to just have colds, that could still mean they’re infected with COVID-19. A person who is vaccinated against the virus but still gets infected is more likely to develop mild symptoms that have the appearance of a cold. They could unknowingly spread the virus to other people. We rate the Facebook post .
Statement: Hillary interned with Bob Treuhaft, the head of the California Communist Party.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: January 24, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a chain e-mail based on an article written by Dick Morris
Fact-check justification: There's not only no  Clinton was a communist sympathizer, Morris doesn't have his facts right (at least not in the version in the FrontPageMag.com article that made its way into a chain e-mail). Treuhaft was not head of the California Communist Party, nor was he a member when Clinton worked for his law firm. But she did intern for Treuhaft's firm. And he was, at one time, a member of the American Communist Party. So we rate the  .
Statement: Says if an unmarked car tries to pull you over, you should dial 112 to confirm it's actually a police officer because the number provides "a direct link to state trooper info," and that "this applies in all 50 states.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 13, 2013
Topics: public safety;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A sergeant told Fox that because several wireless carriers sell cell phones in both the United States and overseas, they convert the emergency number dialed to the appropriate local emergency number. (This reporter and Sprint subscriber tried calling 112 on her phone and the phone read "emergency call" as it tried to connect.) U.S. government officials and public safety responders universally encourage people to dial 911 ⁠— and no other number ⁠— during an emergency.   "There is no guarantee a person will be rerouted to an emergency number," a police spokesperson told the Paradise View in Las Vegas in 2013. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Wearing masks for the coronavirus "decreases oxygen intake, increases toxin inhalation, shuts down immune system, increases virus risk, scientifically inaccurate, effectiveness not studied.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 8, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that wearing masks for the coronavirus "decreases oxygen intake, increases toxin inhalation, shuts down immune system, increases virus risk, scientifically , effectiveness not studied."  There is no  to back any of the six parts of the . We rate it .
Statement: The LGBT community is more often the victims of hate crimes than any other recognized group.
Speaker: loretta lynch
About the speaker: Loretta E. Lynch was sworn in as Attorney General April 27, 2015 and replaced Eric Holder. She previously led the United States Attorney’s Office in Brooklyn.  
Date: June 19, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: crime;lgbtq
Context: an interview on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Lynch said, "The LGBT community is more often the victims of hate crimes than any other recognized group." It’s worth noting that there may be widespread underreporting of hate crime incidents in general. However, the best available research shows that the LGBT community is victimized at a higher rate than other minority groups, according to FBI data.  We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/c6bf52bd-bfaf-4b75-95ce-8cd3348a1de6