chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: A photo shows Barack Obama in front of "cages" built during his administration to hold migrants.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 23, 2020
Location: national
Topics: immigration;facebook fact-checks
Context: an image on Facebook
Fact-check justification: The Trump administration’s "zero-tolerance" policy prosecuted all adults who crossed the border illegally and sent their children to the U.S. Health and Human Services Department. The Facebook post uses a  image to make a point about immigrants in federal custody during Obama’s presidency. While the enclosures in the photo were built under Obama, the photo was not from his time as president — it’s from 2019.   The post is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: We have less crime in the (Rio Grande) Valley than we do in other major Texas cities.
Speaker: juan "chuy" hinojosa
About the speaker: Hinojosa, a fomer Texas House member, was initially elected to the Texas Senate in 2002.
Date: July 21, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;criminal justice;crime
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Hinojosa said the valley has less crime than major Texas cities beyond the border region. We don’t know how crime compares in this way for the months since June 2013. But for 2012 and the first half of 2013, reported crime rates, adjusted for population differences,  showed the big cities outside the valley experiencing more crime. However, some valley locales had higher rates than non-valley places in our data sifts. On balance, we rate the senator's  as .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: For the first time in 13 years, our dependence on foreign oil is below 50 percent.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 18, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: energy;ethics;message machine 2012
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: But fully evaluating the accuracy of the  also means looking at the context in which it is made. Obama clearly claims credit in the commercial; and his own source for the  makes clear that a number of factors, including the poor economy and gains from drilling -- which began before his administration -- are among them. These are important details. Without them, the  in the ad -- made specifically to boast of Obama’s accomplishments -- lacks context. And when factually accurate claims leave out such important context, the -O-Meter’s dial turns to .
Statement: Putin Vows to 'Crush' Child Traffickers in Ukraine
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 2, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a public Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A post on Facebook alleged that Russia started its invasion of Ukraine to fight child trafficking. The  originates in an article published by a website known for fabricating stories and sources.  There is no  that ending child trafficking is a goal of the war in Ukraine. Russia itself is failing to deal with human trafficking within its own borders, according to a report by the U.S. State Department.  And while Putin has been very descriptive about his reasons for invading Ukraine, child trafficking has never been mentioned. We rate the post .
Statement: It's legal to "sign a recall petition (against Gov. Scott Walker) even if you have already signed another recall petition," but only one signature counts
Speaker: one wisconsin now
About the speaker: One Wisconsin Now is a liberal advocacy group that focuses on advancing "progressive leadership and values."
Date: November 22, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections
Context: a website alert
Fact-check justification: Magney said the state agency will look for obvious cases of fraud. Our conclusion We can’t predict whether all multiple signers will be found, but state law makes clear that one -- and only one -- signature is to be counted. And it’s perfectly legal to sign more than once. That was the focus of the statement from One Wisconsin Now. We rate it .
Statement: The American people are overwhelmingly with us" in calling witnesses in Senate trial
Speaker: charles schumer
About the speaker: Charles Schumer is a Democratic senator from New York and the Senate majority leader.
Date: January 24, 2020
Location: new york
Topics: impeachment
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Schumer said "the American people are overwhelmingly with us" in calling for witnesses to testify in the Senate impeachment trial.  Not everyone may agree on what constitutes "overwhelming" support. But poll after poll shows that the majority of Americans - in some cases as high as 69 percent and 72 percent - support calling witnesses during the Senate impeachment trial.   We rate Schumer’s  .
Statement: Since ObamaCare and the stimulus passed, the unemployment rate in the U.S. has increased.
Speaker: pete hoekstra
About the speaker: Pete Hoekstra is a former congressman and was the ranking Republican on the House Intelligence Committee. He did not seek re-election in 2010, choosing instead to pursue the Republican gubernatorial nomination in Michigan that year, finishing second to now-Gov. Rick Snyder. During the 2012 campaign cycle, he is seeking to unseat incumbent Democratic Sen. Debbie Stabenow.
Date: February 5, 2012
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;economy;jobs;message machine 2012
Context: a website linked to a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Neither time span offered in Hoekstra’s website checks out, based on the unemployment rate on the day the ad first aired. One shows that the unemployment rate is the same now as it was when the stimulus passed (although it went up in the interim). The other shows that the rate has fallen since the health care law passed. We rate the statement . EDITOR’S NOTE : After we published this story, a reader asked us to evaluate Hoekstra’s  from the perspective of Michigan, where he’s running for Senate. So we did. In February 2009, when the stimulus was signed, unemployment in Michigan was 12.0 percent. In March 2010, when the health care bill was signed, the rate was 13.3 percent. In December 2011 -- the most recent month available -- the rate was 9.3 percent. So the declines in unemployment over both time spans were actually steeper in Michigan than they were nationally. We are keeping our rating at .
Statement: While the United States has seen its unemployment rate steadily decline, New Jersey's remains nearly two percent higher than the national average and more than a point higher than Connecticut and New York.
Speaker: barbara buono
About the speaker:  Barbara Buono is a Democratic state senator representing part of Middlesex County. Buono previously served in the State Assembly from 1994 to 2001.
Date: March 19, 2013
Location: new jersey
Topics: jobs
Context: a response to the release of employment data by the state Labor Department
Fact-check justification: In response to unemployment numbers released in January by the state Department of Labor, Buono said, "While the United States has seen its unemployment rate steadily decline, New Jersey’s remains nearly two percent higher than the national average and more than a point higher than Connecticut and New York." Buono has varying degrees of accuracy on her three points, looking strictly at unemployment rate: the national unemployment rate has declined steadily while Christie’s been governor; the country’s unemployment rate has been nearly 2 percent below New Jersey’s, but only for about six months; and New Jersey’s unemployment rate has been more than 1 percent higher than New York’s and Connecticut’s for the bulk of the time Christie has been in office. Given the varying degrees of accuracy, as well as the state measuring unemployment differently from the BLS, we rate Buono’s  . To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Joe Biden says he supports sex changes for kids.
Speaker: american principles project
About the speaker: American Principles Project is the premier national organization engaging directly in campaigns and advocacy on behalf of the family. A conservative super PAC.
Date: October 20, 2020
Topics: children;sexuality
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: American Principles Project claimed: "Joe Biden says he supports sex changes for kids." Biden has stated opposition to discrimination against transgender people, he has not said he supports for sex changes for children. We rate the statement . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: Seven Milwaukee wards report more 2020 presidential votes than registered voters.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 4, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A widely-shared online article said "seven Milwaukee wards report more 2020 presidential votes than registered voters." The numbers cited by Milwaukee City Wire do not match data from the Milwaukee County clerk’s office, which show the number of registered voters exceeded ballots cast. Moreover, it’s simply not possible for there to be more ballots than voters. We rate this  .
Statement: Says public education will get more money in 2012-13 though lawmakers cut $15 billion in overall spending.
Speaker: michael sullivan
About the speaker: Sullivan helms Empower Texans, which says on its website that it exists to create and sustain a system of strong fiscal stewardship within all levels of Texas government, ensuring the greatest amounts of economic and personal liberty, and promoting public policies that provide individuals with the freedom to use their strengths and talents in pursuit of greater opportunities.
Date: May 26, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Funding dipped .9 percent in 2010-11. Spending on public education is higher in the pending budget than the current one. But Sullivan’s implication--that Texas schools are sitting pretty--obscures reality. The new budget doesn’t cover projected enrollment growth. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says 70,000 children "have lost their Head Start slots" because of the sequester.
Speaker: mark warner
About the speaker: Mark Warner, a Democrat, has represented Virginia in the U.S. Senate since 2009. He serves on the Banking, Budget, Commerce and Intelligence committees. He is the honorary co-chairman of the Forward Together PAC.
Warner gave the keynote address at the 2008 Democratic National Convention. Warner previously served as governor of Virginia from 2002 to 2006. He also ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate in 1996. Before public office, Warner was an early investor in the cell phone business, co-founded the company that became Nextel.
Warner was born in Indianapolis, Ind., and grew up in Illinois and Connecticut. Warner graduated from George Washington University, Washington, D.C. He received a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass.
Date: May 14, 2013
Location: virginia
Topics: children;education;federal budget;poverty
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Warner said 70,000 children have "lost their Head Start slots" because of the sequester. He strains the limit of an Obama administration estimate that "up to" that number of children may lose out. There’s no doubt that many children will lose Head Start spots as the budget cuts sink in, but at this point, nobody knows how many already have. HHS is gathering that information. The White House estimate assumes that local Head Start organizations will respond to funding cuts by reducing slots, but that isn’t the only option. Many organizations are exploring different options, such as fundraising and reducing hours. Warner’s statement contains an element of  in that some children already have lost Head Starts slots and others have less access to the program. But by and large, he assumes that a worst-case scenario for Head Start has already taken place. We rate his statement .
Statement: We have 25 million Americans out of work.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: January 23, 2012
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: Tampa
Fact-check justification: While the U-6 measurement is not the official gauge of unemployment in the United States, it’s a valid statistic to consider in conjunction with others. However, Romney’s use of the term "out of work" seems to be a stretch when about one-third of the "25 million Americans out of work" are actually working part-time. On balance, we rate the statement .
Statement: So far, the war in Gaza has left more than 1,800 Palestinians dead -- the population equivalent to 100 9/11s.
Speaker: joy reid
About the speaker: Joy Reid is the host of MSNBC's The Reid Report.
Date: August 4, 2014
Topics: israel;terrorism;punditfact
Context: comments on her MSNBC show
Fact-check justification: Reid, decrying the UN’s failure to temper the rising death counts in Gaza, said, "So far, the war in Gaza has left more than 1,800 Palestinians dead -- the population equivalent to 100 9/11s." She used a couple of rough estimates, but Reid’s math basically works out for the parameters she set. The parameters, however, are the problem. Using 9/11s as a unit ignores qualitative differences between the Sept. 11 attack and the Israeli-Palestinian war. It’s also not clear what populations she’s referring to, and while looking at deaths as a proportion of population can be useful, the numbers here are too small for them to mean much. There are also at least equally valid and different ways to compare deaths as a proportion of population that would produce vastly different results. (Going from 100 9/11s to less than 1 9/11.) Reid’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate her  .
Statement: California has "the largest death row in the Western Hemisphere, the largest death row in the United States of America — two times the size of the next largest state: Florida.
Speaker: gavin newsom
About the speaker: Gavin Newsom was elected governor of California in 2018. He is the state's former lieutenant governor and served as mayor of San Francisco. He is a Democrat.
Date: March 13, 2019
Location: california
Topics: death penalty;crime;public safety
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Gov. Gavin Newsom repeated the  that California’s death row "is the largest in the Western Hemisphere. The largest death row in the United States of America -- two times the size of the next largest state: Florida." We rated a similar   in 2016. At the time, we noted most countries in the Western Hemisphere have abolished the death penalty and that several U.S. states have far higher death row totals than the few remaining countries that still use capital punishment. Experts say death rows in the U.S. are ranked individually, and that the rankings have not shifted in recent years. California’s 737 death row inmates stands out considerably from other states, as well as countries in the Western Hemisphere. Newsom repeated what remains both an accurate and somber statement. We rate his  .   – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The stimulus includes "$219,000 to study the sex lives of female college freshmen.
Speaker: mitch mcconnell
About the speaker: Mitch McConnell is a U.S. Senator from Kentucky and the Republican minority leader in the U.S. Senate.
Date: February 17, 2010
Location: national
Topics: stimulus
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: According to the recovery.gov synopsis, the study will involve a half-time research assistant and part-time temporary assistants. While McConnell's characterization of the study packs a good political punch, we think the actual study isn't nearly as ... sexy ... as he makes it out to be. It's a public health study. And so we rule this  .
Statement: Image shows Donald Trump's new Christmas card.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: December 6, 2021
Topics: fake news
Context: a viral image
Fact-check justification: A Twitter user pointed out that the image of Trump on the  card appears to have been taken from a photo at the state banquet at Britain's Buckingham Palace in 2019, where Trump posed alongside Queen Elizabeth II, Melania Trump, Prince Charles and his wife, Camilla, the Dutchess of Cornwall.      While Trump was mocked at the time for the way he looked in his formal attire, the doctored photo in the purported Christmas card takes the mocking a step further to create a sexually suggestive image. We’ll spare you the details. This card is as  as an aluminum Christmas tree. We rate it !
Statement: Florida pays our teachers $10,000 a year less than the national average.
Speaker: janet cruz
About the speaker: Janet Cruz of Tampa was first elected to the Florida House of Representatives on February 23, 2010. She is the House minority leader for 2017.
Date: March 7, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: education;jobs
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Cruz said, "Florida pays our teachers $10,000 a year less than the national average." The real difference between the average national and Florida pay for teachers is technically closer to $9,000 than $10,000. We rate this  .
Statement: Joe Biden called Black youth super predators.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: November 1, 2020
Topics: crime;race and ethnicity
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The context of Biden’s speech shows he was not specifically talking about Black people or any other specific group of people. Biden used the term again in a 1998 speech, but again, did not apply the label to people of any specific race. We rate Trump’s  . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: Kobe Bryant Is Still Alive and Faked His Death LEAKED FOOTAGE
Speaker: youtube videos
About the speaker: Videos uploaded to YouTube.
Date: January 26, 2020
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a YouTube video
Fact-check justification: The original video is from July 14, 2017. Bryant posted it then to his Instagram account, showing himself getting a tattoo of his daughter’s name, Bianka Bella. He’d previously tattooed the names of his other daughters on the same arm. The YouTube video has nearly 1 million views, but it’s . We rate it .
Statement: Between 2010 and 2014, there was no net in-migration from Mexico.
Speaker: bill clinton
About the speaker: Bill Clinton was president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He is married to Hillary Clinton, the 2016 presidential nominee of the Democratic Party.
Date: June 17, 2015
Topics: immigration;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of "The Daily Show"
Fact-check justification: Clinton said that between 2010 and 2014, there was zero net in-migration from Mexico. The census data to prove that is not in for 2014, but the numbers up to 2013 support his point, as do very preliminary 2014 data.The population of people living in America but born in Mexico fell by about 40,000 since 2010. That’s not a perfect measure, but the experts we reached said it is a strong indication of a prevailing trend. The experts we reached said that other data, including a rapid decline in apprehensions at the border and changing demographics in Mexico add weight to the conclusion that Clinton was correct. With a caveat for the missing year of survey information, we rate this  .
Statement: Says Joe Biden said, "We don't need any more N***** bigshots.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 16, 2020
Topics: candidate biography;race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: It’s  that Biden twice used the word on camera, as the video says. But context matters, and the video doesn’t make clear that Biden was quoting from a passage in a court ruling when he said it. Someone watching this could understandably — and wrongly — believe that these were Biden’s own words. They weren’t.  We rate this  .