chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Thomas Jefferson said, 'Government that governs least governs best.'
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: September 21, 2017
Location: national
Topics: history
Context: comments on 'Fox & Friends'
Fact-check justification: "The opinion has been associated with Jefferson’s Democratic-Republican party ideology, which is probably why people think he said it," she said. "The association is what has been called a natural Jeffersonian maxim. It’s just not a Jefferson quote." Pence repeated a saying often associated with Jefferson, but research showed the writer of the Declaration of Independence never said it. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says Romney had the uniforms for the 2002 Winter Olympic games made in Burma.
Speaker: priorities usa action
About the speaker: Priorities USA Action is a PAC that is supportive of President Barack Obama.
Date: July 25, 2012
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;foreign policy;message machine 2012;sports
Context: a video shown on cable news shows
Fact-check justification: Many internal memos were destroyed after the games ended. Our Ruling The ad from Priorities USA Action says Romney had the Olympic uniforms made in Burma. The torch bearer uniforms, perhaps more than 11,000 of them, were made in Burma, but that’s not all the uniforms used in the games, particularly for the athletes, as the visuals in the ad suggest. And we've seen insufficient  to directly link the torch bearer uniforms to Romney. We rate the statement .
Statement: A "horrible law" requires that children be separated from their parents "once they cross the Border into the U.S.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 28, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said a "horrible law" requires that children be separated from their parents "once they cross the Border into the U.S." There is no such law. The Homeland Security Department’s longstanding policy is to separate children from their custodians when they are referred for criminal prosecution. Trump’s administration has decided to prosecute all illegal crossings. Families were rarely prosecuted under previous administrations. We rate this statement .
Statement: An average of seven children in America are killed by guns every day.
Speaker: mayors against illegal guns
About the speaker: Mayors Against Illegal Guns describes itself as a coalition of U.S. mayors that works to help law enforcement target illegal guns.
Date: September 12, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: guns
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The coalition should have been more specific by saying it was referring to people under the age of 21. We believe that information would add significant context for those who may not believe anyone older than 16 or 18 is a child. The Children’s Defense Fund was more specific, noting its total included children and teenagers. The coalition’s  is accurate, but it omits some important details. Under our rating system, the statement is .
Statement: During the 2009 swine flu outbreak, Biden made reckless comments unsupported by science & the experts. The Obama Admin had to clean up his mess & apologize for his ineptitude.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 12, 2020
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: A Twitter account run by the Trump campaign tweeted that, during the 2009 swine flu outbreak, Biden made "reckless comments" unsupported by science and the Obama Administration had to clean up the mess and apologize for it.  During a television interview, Biden said he would advise his family not to travel in confined places, and claimed that when one person sneezes "it goes all the way through an aircraft." His comments were met with backlash for inducing fear, and his spokesperson issued a statement to clarify his words. Experts said the statement on how germs travel was . The  is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate it .
Statement: Soursop cures cancer.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 6, 2022
Topics: health care;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: The video in the Facebook post focuses on using the fruit’s pulp. One study showed that graviola pulp extract had a beneficial effect on prostate cancer cells in mice, according to Cancer Research UK . But again, there haven’t been human studies, "so we don’t know whether it can work as a cancer treatment or not." The  that soursop is a cure for cancer still needs more  to support it. We rate this post .
Statement: I don't describe your plan as amnesty in my ad. I don't call it amnesty.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: January 5, 2008
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: Manchester, N.H
Fact-check justification: If the message in ads isn't clear enough, press releases for the ads that are posted on Romney's Web site are chock-full of references to amnesty. The release for "Remember" uses the word 17 times, while the one for "Twists" drops the loaded word 10 times. Clearly, Romney has two ads where McCain's plan is described as amnesty. And even though his isn't the voice making the charges, he is responsible for the message. So, Romney, they're your ads, and they do "call it amnesty," so  it is.
Statement: Says a mall Santa beat up a child molester.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 7, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: That version placed the episode in Milwaukee. The Milwaukee police told the Associated Press soon after that they had no record of the event. The website Snopes traced the second photo, the one of the man, to a 2012 mugshot. No need to regift this bit of  news. We rate it !
Statement: Says Jeb Bush "extended early voting" after seeing "long lines.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: November 4, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: elections
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: In his attempt to portray Scott as more concerned about politics than voters, Crist argued that even Bush, a popular Republican, extended early voting as governor. Well, not exactly. In 2002, Bush extended regular voting by two hours because of malfunctioning voting machines -- not early voting. And in 2004, he gave supervisors a handful of counties more flexibility in starting early voting days after a devastating hurricane. It’s important to note that both events were primary elections. Crist made it sound like Bush issued early voting extensions during a presidential election, as Crist did, to accommodate large turn-out. We rate this  .
Statement: You can work at some McDonald's in this country for more money than … signing up for the military.
Speaker: nicole malliotakis
About the speaker: Nicole Malliotakis lives in New York City and is a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives since 2021. Her district includes Staten Island and part of Brooklyn. 
Date: July 14, 2023
Location: new york
Topics: jobs;military
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Malliotakis compared the starting salaries for military members with wages at McDonald’s. She did not specify starting wages at McDonald’s and she did not mention other benefits, such as health insurance or retirement savings.  People who study military pay say it is difficult to compare it with civilian compensation because of the unique pay structure and benefits military members receive, such as allowances for food and housing, or government-provided meals and housing.  Base pay for low-ranking members of the military is lower than the average full-time pay for fast-food workers in some states. When housing, food, and federal tax benefits are added, the value of the total compensation for entry-level servicemembers can exceed the average pay for established full-time fast-food workers. In comparing compensation for both jobs, we looked at averages. In some cases, incomes in one job will be higher than in the other, or the reverse could be .  Malliotakis’ statement is partially accurate but it leaves out important details. We rate this .
Statement: Says Jim Sensenbrenner "has been in office for 40 years" and "he's led on exactly one bill," the Patriot Act.
Speaker: tom palzewicz
About the speaker: Tom Palzewicz, a Democratic business owner from the Milwaukee suburb of Brookfield, is a 2018 candidate for the U.S. House seat held by Republican Jim Sensenbrenner.
Date: May 14, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography;congress;terrorism
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Violence Against Women Act : Reauthorized a law that provides funding for programs to fight domestic violence, sexual assault and other crimes. Our rating Palzewicz says Sensenbrenner "has been in office for 40 years" and "he's led on exactly one bill," the Patriot Act. Palzewicz told us he meant to say the anti-terrorism law is the only Sensenbrenner-sponsored bill of note. But as for what Palzewicz actually claimed, Sensenbrenner has sponsored 500 bills and amendments, including 34 that became law. That makes Palzewicz’s statement not only  but  -- .
Statement: The U.S. Department of State … released a statement on their website stating that Donald J. Trump's term ended" on Jan. 11, 2021.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 11, 2021
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The State Department did not return requests for comment.   The  that the State Department released a statement that Trump’s term ended Jan. 11 contains an element of  in that the agency’s website was edited to falsely suggest it had. But the change was not an official statement by the State Department. Rather, reporting indicates this was the action of a rogue employee; Trump is still president.    We rate it . ​
Statement: New York has "the biggest outmigration of citizens of any state.
Speaker: edward cox
About the speaker: Edward Cox is the chairman of the New York Repubclian Party. He's also the son-in-law of former Pres. Richard Nixon.
Date: September 19, 2017
Location: new york
Topics: economy;jobs;population
Context: a conversation with reporters
Fact-check justification: Cox said New York has "the biggest outmigration of citizens of any state." By raw numbers alone, Cox is right. Census data shows more people are moving from New York state to other states than move from any other state. And the flow has become larger since 2011. Given that New York state has the nation's fourth-largest population, nearly 20 million, it's not surprising the numbers dwarf smaller states. But by proportion, and when including international migration, several other states have bigger outmigration rates.  We rate his  .
Statement: COVID-19 started because we eat animals.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: March 15, 2020
Topics: food;food safety;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an image
Fact-check justification: The animals are sought-after in China for their meat and scales, despite a worldwide ban. However, scientists have yet to find conclusive proof that pangolins are to blame for the coronavirus. And as of now, there is no  that eating meat is the source of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Instagram post contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: The White House has three staff calligraphers making between $86,000 and $97,000 each, and just one National Security Director. She makes $55,000.
Speaker: mike huckabee
About the speaker: Mike Huckabee ran for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former governor of Arkansas; he also sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2008. He left hosting a self-titled television show on Fox News in January 2015.
Date: July 5, 2012
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;homeland security;pundits
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Huckabee said that the National Security Director makes less than the three White House calligraphers. That’s accurate, but the statement would have us believe that this particular national security job has a lot to do with policy. That is . It is an administrative position and to suggest otherwise is . Also, Huckabee singles out the Obama administration for having misplaced priorities when the White House has employed calligraphers for decades under both Republican and Democratic presidents. It doesn't mean the White House places penmanship above national security. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says the unemployment rate for college graduates is 4.4 percent and over 10 percent for noncollege-educated.
Speaker: rick santorum
About the speaker: Rick Santorum is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2012.
Date: November 29, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: education;jobs
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: In October, it was 4.4 percent, according to the BLS. In this category, the numbers haven’t changed much in the past 12 months. Santorum’s numbers were on target for college-educated workers. The former senator apparently did his homework this time about the unemployment rate for noncollege-educated workers. We rate his statement .
Statement: Trump's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame has been destroyed.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 3, 2020
Topics: pop culture;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But a moderator flagged it for violating one of the rules of the forum where it was shared: "Your title must convey accurate information. "  The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce, which manages the Walk of Fame on behalf of the City of Los Angeles, did not immediately respond to PolitiFact’s email about the Facebook post’s . But searching online for news about Donald Trump and the Walk of Fame in the last month, we didn’t find any credible sources corroborating the Facebook post. Rather, we found three other fact-checks debunking it.   We rate this post .
Statement: Says President Obama has waived "the work requirement for welfare.
Speaker: rick santorum
About the speaker: Rick Santorum is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2012.
Date: August 28, 2012
Location: national
Topics: welfare
Context: a convention speech
Fact-check justification: Santorum said that Obama "showed us once again he believes in government handouts and dependency by waiving the work requirement for welfare." The  is a drastic distortion of what the Obama administration said it intends to do. By granting waivers to states, HHS is seeking to make welfare-to-work efforts more successful, not end them. The waivers would apply to individually evaluated pilot programs -- HHS is not proposing a blanket, national change to welfare law. And there have been no comments by the Obama administration indicating such a dramatic shift in policy. Santorum falsely claims that Obama has waived welfare’s work requirement entirely. The remark is  and it inflames old resentments about able-bodied adults sitting around collecting public assistance. !
Statement: On the Southern border, as you know, the wall is going up, it's going up very rapidly. We're at 182 miles.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 19, 2020
Topics: immigration;border security;homeland security
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: There is construction going on at the Southwest border — so far 187 miles have completed projects. But only a small part of that represents areas of the border that previously had no protection. What the administration has  done is replace old and outdated designs with newer and improved barriers. Trump’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: A Black Lives Matter administrator was arrested in a 1983 bombing at the U.S. Capitol.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 8, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;jan. 6
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims that Susan Rosenberg is a Black Lives Matter administrator who was arrested in a 1983 bombing at the U.S. Capitol. Rosenberg is not an administrator for Black Lives Matter. She did serve on the board of directors for a nonprofit called Thousand Currents, which helped manage grants for the Black Lives Matter Global Network in a fiscal-sponsorship agreement. That partnership ended in 2020, and it’s not clear if Rosenberg’s work directly involved Black Lives Matter. Rosenberg was indicted in 1988 in the Capitol bombing, but the charges were dropped in 1990 while she was serving a lengthy prison sentence on separate charges of illegal possession of weapons and explosives.  We rate this  .
Statement: Vice President Kamala Harris "was asked about gasoline prices ... and she tried to defer to President Duda, the Polish president.
Speaker: stephen miller
About the speaker: Stephen Miller was a senior adviser to President Donald Trump. Previously, he worked in the Senate office of Alabama Republican Jeff Sessions, who became Trump's attorney general in 2017. In April 2021, he launched America First Legal, saying it would use "our legal system to defend our society and our families from any unlawful actions by the left."
Date: March 13, 2022
Topics: gas prices;pundits
Context: a Fox News show
Fact-check justification: Miller said that Vice President Kamala Harris tried to defer to the Polish president when asked a question about high gas prices in the U.S. He’s  on both counts. Harris was speaking in a joint news conference with the president of Romania, not the Polish president. And the video clip played before Miller’s criticism edited out the first part of the question to Iohannis. The two leaders paused to determine who would answer first, not because Harris wanted him to answer about U.S. gas prices. We rate this  .
Statement: No other country has a constitutional right" like the Second Amendment.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: April 25, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: legal issues;guns
Context: a speech to the NRA
Fact-check justification: Rubio said during a speech to the NRA that "no other country has a constitutional right" like the Second Amendment. Mexico and Guatemala have the right to bear arms in their constitutions. However, the Second Amendment is unique because it is the only one that doesn’t include restrictive conditions within the constitutional language. We rate this  .
Statement: Without representation, (the IRS) can increase taxes.
Speaker: rick barber
About the speaker: Rick Barber was a tea party-affiliated candidate who lost the Republican nomination to represent Alabama’s 2nd congressional district.
Date: June 13, 2010
Location: national
Topics: health care;message machine 2010;taxes
Context: a political ad
Fact-check justification: The tax codes, complicated as they may be, unfair as they may seem to some, were voted on and approved by duly-elected legislators. That's the very definition of representation. Call it figurative or metaphorical language, the bottom line is the statement is flat-out . And we suspect the Founding Fathers wouldn't like being misled. We rule Barber's statement .