chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Sixteen million jobs were created under Ronald Reagan's presidency.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: February 29, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: jobs
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Others contend the increase in employed Americans were largely a result of the Federal Reserve cutting interest rates and expanding the money supply, policies used after the recent Great Recession. Gingrich’s numbers are accurate. Reagan’s policies, many of which required the support of Congress, deserve some credit for the increase. We rate Gingrich’s statement as . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/51bfa8a4-73fc-48e3-a8b5-c9361867c06e
Statement: Says Barack "Obama orders life-sized bronze statue of himself to be permanently installed in White House.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: January 18, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: That’s doubly  when other sites then share the story. The addition of the composite image made from misappropriated photographs only heightens the deceit. We’ve chiseled out the details to cast our own decision. We rate this headline ! https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/91a0ecb0-36fd-4b9d-bcdc-02dabfffc498
Statement: President Obama has "the worst ratings of any president at the end of his first year.
Speaker: karl rove
About the speaker: Karl Rove is a former senior adviser and deputy chief of staff to President George W. Bush. He has worked as a commentator and political analyst for Fox News.
Date: December 16, 2009
Location: national
Topics: history
Context: a 'Wall Street Journal' column
Fact-check justification: Bush wound up his second term in the low 30s. Still, if you're making the comparison -- and political observers have been doing precisely these sorts of comparisons for years -- Rove's statement holds up fairly well. Yes, Rove spoke too loosely when he said that Obama's numbers were the worst of any president's, and he failed to mention equally bad ratings for Reagan, a conservative icon whose politics were more in tune with Rove's than Obama. But with the exception of Reagan, every other elected president had clearly higher approval ratings at this point in his tenure than Obama has. So we rate Rove's statement .
Statement: Right now in Georgia, nearly one in three leaving our prisons are re-convicted within three years.
Speaker: nathan deal
About the speaker: Nathan Deal is running for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: January 10, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: criminal justice
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: The Pew report on recidivism is more than one-third, which helps any argument that Deal would make that his statement is correct. The most recent state data shows the recidivism rate is slightly less than one-third. The governor said in his speech that the rate was "nearly" one in three. We believe all of the numbers we saw support his statement. Our rating: .
Statement: Elected officials draw (legislative redistricting) maps. That's it.
Speaker: adam jarchow
About the speaker: Adam Jarchow is a former Republican representative from Balsam Lake, Wis. He left the state legislature in January 2019 after losing a special election for a state Senate seat and serving two terms in the Assembly. He currently works as an attorney in Polk County.
Date: July 16, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: redistricting
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Jarchow, a Republican, said amid a redistricting discussion that "elected officials draw maps. That’s it." That’s simply not . State legislatures still draw the majority of maps around the country. But a growing number of states have turned to an independent or bipartisan commission of some kind to establish legislative boundaries. Eleven states currently give the Legislature no direct involvement in drawing or approving maps. We rate Jarchow’s  .
Statement: Says Joe Biden said: "If Haiti just quietly sunk into the Caribbean, or rose up 300 feet, it wouldn't matter a whole lot in terms of our interests.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: September 23, 2021
Topics: foreign policy;race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Video clips in an Instagram post said that Biden said: "If Haiti just quietly sunk into the Caribbean, or rose up 300 feet, it wouldn’t matter a whole lot in terms of our interests." The clip with that quote is used twice in the post, suggesting a callousness on Biden’s part toward Haiti.  The full context of his remarks shows Biden was discussing the rationale for a potential U.S. military intervention and arguing that there were greater U.S. interests elsewhere in the world, including in Bosnia. The post takes Biden’s remarks out of context. We rate it .
Statement: So now if you don't comply" and get a COVID-19 vaccination, and you're on "Social Security or disability, you won't be able to receive your money.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: October 20, 2021
Location: florida
Topics: social security;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: A headline widely shared on social media stated: "So now if you don’t comply" and get a COVID-19 vaccination, and you’re on "Social Security or disability, you won’t be able to receive your money."  The headline appeared over a video a snippet of remarks made by Scott. There is no vaccination requirement for receiving Social Security benefits, or any proposal for such a requirement.  We rate the post .
Statement: Says the Pentagon killed a man who invented a water-powered fuel cell for cars.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 25, 2021
Topics: energy;transportation;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said Stanley Meyer, a man who claimed to have invented a water-powered car, was killed by the Pentagon. Meyer claimed he was poisoned moments before he died in 1998, fueling speculation that his death was suspicious. But a police investigation found no  of foul play, and his death was ruled the result of a brain aneurysm brought on in part by high blood pressure. We rate this  .
Statement: Says David Dewhurst skipped nine candidate forums after announcing his U.S. Senate candidacy.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: September 21, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a campaign video
Fact-check justification: This month, he said, he plans to appear at an Oct. 21 candidate forum hosted by the Spirit of Freedom Republican Women PAC in Sugar Land. Our take: Dewhurst did not appear at nine forums, eight of them after the night he announced his candidacy. But it’s a mite questionable to say he outright skipped the events. In most cases, his campaign said beforehand Dewhurst wasn’t going to appear. We rate Cruz’s statement .
Statement: Says Maggie Hassan is the only female governor in the country.
Speaker: nh afl-cio
About the speaker: The New Hampshire AFL-CIO is an organization representing dozens of unions in the state. The New Hampshire AFL-CIO was created through the merger of the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations in 1955. On October 27, 1957, the New Hampshire A.F. of L. and the New Hampshire C.I.O. were merged and were issued a charter by the national AFL-CIO. 
Date: September 27, 2013
Location: new hampshire
Topics: states;women
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The New Hampshire AFL-CIO stated that Gov. Hassan is the only female governor in the country. While Hassan is the only Democratic governor, she’s one of five women holding governorships around the country. While that’s still far from being representative of the gender balance in the country, Hassan isn’t the only female governor. We rate this  .
Statement: Ann McLane Kuster is "for a government takeover of health care more radical than Obamacare. And she supports a $700 billion cut to Medicare for current retirees.
Speaker: charles bass
About the speaker: Charlie Bass is a U.S. representative from New Hampshire.
Date: September 26, 2012
Location: new hampshire
Topics: health care;medicare
Context: an ad “Dancing,” released September 26, 2012
Fact-check justification: Moreover, little has changed that makes Bass’  about the "government takeover of healthcare" more  today than it was a month ago. Introducing a public option might welcome the government further into the insurance game. But, it would not bring the U.S. medical system any closer to the European model of government-run hospitals and clinics. This part of the statement remains . On balance, we rate Bass’  .
Statement: Did you know ObamaCare will cost nearly twice as much as initially expected -- $1.8 TRILLION?
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: March 19, 2012
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: When the CBO’s early projections are held up to new projections accurately, the gross cost increase is 8.6 percent. Cruz was a long way off. We rate his  . Editor's note: When our story first published, we hadn't heard back from Cruz's campaign. A short time later, we received an email from his spokesman and we updated the story to include his response.
Statement: Walker says he's for lower taxes. But Milwaukee County spending has gone up by $349 million.
Speaker: tom barrett
About the speaker: Tom Barrett served as the 44th mayor of Milwaukee from 2004 until 2021. The mayoral position is non-partisan. A member of the Democratic Party, he was previously elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly (1984–1989), Wisconsin Senate (1989–1993) and U.S. House of Representatives (1993–2003).
Barrett lost bids for governor in 2002, 2010 and in the 2012 recall race against Gov. Scott Walker. He was sworn in as U.S. ambassador to Luxembourg on Dec. 23, 2021.
Date: August 6, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: message machine 2010;taxes
Context: a campaign TV ad
Fact-check justification: Let’s sum it all up: In his TV ad, Barrett is mixing and matching two very different sets of numbers -- tax increases and overall spending. When it comes to property taxes, it is the County Board that has been increasing the tax levy, over Walker’s objections and vetoes. Walker does, however, build that increase into each future budget. Meanwhile, spending did rise faster than inflation, but  because the county took on new responsibilities and state money that went with them. We rate Barrett’s taxes/spending charge .
Statement: Black Americans are not descended from people who were taken from Africa to be enslaved.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 18, 2023
Location: national
Topics: history;race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: In 1619 , enslaved Africans from Angola arrived on the coast of Hampton , Virginia, on a ship called the White Lion, becoming the first recorded Africans to arrive in England's mainland American colonies . As recently as 2019, archaeologists recovered in Alabama the remnants of the Clotilda, believed to be the last  known slave ship to bring Africans in bondage to the U.S. It arrived on the banks of Alabama in 1860 — more than 50 years after Congress had outlawed the slave trade starting in 1808. Some other artifacts give a look into the slave trade: at the National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, D.C., a wage book dating back to the 1700s shows detailed records of bought and sold slaves from the Cameroons in West Africa. In Providence, Rhode Island, the John Carter Brown Library has a pamphlet dating back to 1814 that depicts an etching of a slave ship.
Statement: Obama's wife wrote a paper in college that said America was a nation founded on "crime and hatred" and that whites in America are "ineradicably racist.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: May 13, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a chain e-mail
Fact-check justification: An automated search did not find the words "crime," "hatred," "hate," "ineradicably," or "racist" in the document. The e-mail goes on to list some accurate quotes from the thesis, but its initial accusations are fiction. The words "crime and hatred" and "ineradicably racist" are inventions of whoever penned the e-mail, not words that appeared in Obama's thesis. Because of that fabrication and the e-mail's intention to defame the Obamas, we rate this  ! For more about this chain e-mail, read our story Digging up dirt on Michelle Obama .
Statement: The Congressional Budget Office most recently came out and analyzed the current (health care) plan and said that it was not only deficit-neutral, but also that over 10 years it would create a $6 billion surplus.
Speaker: russ carnahan
About the speaker: Russ Carnahan is a Democratic congressman from Missouri.
Date: July 20, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: Missouri
Fact-check justification: "You inflate the baseline [of a bill] to make it seem like you're spending less."    So as for Carnahan's statement, he is definitely misstating CBO's findings. The budget office did not say there would be a $6 billion surplus, it said there would be a $239 billion deficit. Only when Carnahan added some optimistic assumptions did the math work the way he claimed. We find his  .
Statement: Photos of monkeypox lesions prove the current virus outbreak is a hoax.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 21, 2022
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Finally, there’s a photo of lesions on a man’s torso that ran in BBC stories about monkeypox in 2017 and in 2022 with a Reuters credit. We found a 2017 story about monkeypox in Nigeria on the BBC’s site but couldn’t find the image in the screenshot. Nevertheless, like the other photos in this post, its repeated use over time does not undermine the fact that there are real outbreaks of monkeypox happening across the world.   There’s nothing unusual about these photos being reused to show readers what an infection could look like .   We rate this post .
Statement: Six years after unionization, 20,000 fewer children in Illinois were being served by the Child Care and Development Fund program.
Speaker: jennifer parrish
About the speaker: Jennifer B. Parrish, proprietor of Little Learners childcare, Rochester, Minn., campaigns against labor union representation of home-based childcare providers.
Date: September 5, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: children;families;labor;unions
Context: a newspaper commentary
Fact-check justification: Child-care proprietor Jennifer B. Parrish said 20,000 fewer children, were served in an Illinois child-care program subsidized by the federal government, after a labor union began representing child-care providers. That was very close to the decrease in the number of children served by all child-care programs. But we found that the decrease in the number of children in home-based care -- what Parrish was talking about -- was actually about 9,100. Parrish offered only anecdotal  that the drop was related to unionization and two Illinois advocacy groups said it was more likely caused by other factors, such as the economic downturn and tightening of state qualifications for providers and eligibility requirements for children. Because the statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, the judges rate it  .
Statement: For people in the top 1 percent for income, "your effective tax burden is in the low 20s, the lowest it's been in decades and decades and decades -- lower than somebody who might make substantially less money.
Speaker: timothy geithner
About the speaker: Timothy Geithner served as U.S. Secretary of Treasury, having been appointed by President Barack Obama to that position in 2009. Prior to that, Geithner was the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
Date: June 24, 2011
Location: national
Topics: new hampshire 2012;taxes
Context: a speech at Dartmouth College
Fact-check justification: Geithner was largely correct when he said the top 1 percent pay rates in the low 20s, a  tax burden that is historically low. But he's  that the wealthiest enjoy effective rates "lower than somebody who might make substantially less money." We rate the statement . UPDATE: This story was updated to clarify our characterization of Geithner's message about the richest 1 percent of American taxpayers. Our initial article said Geithner was  that their effective tax rate is lower than that of "most Americans," including ones who earn substantially less. We have changed that to quote Geithner directly in saying that the wealthiest enjoy effective rates "lower than somebody who might make substantially less money."
Statement: Photo shows Queen Elizabeth II being carried across a river by African porters.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 8, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "This is who y’all telling to rest in peace?" one account sharing the photo said. "Go to HELL Queen Elizabeth. "  This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat  news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .)
Statement: Says Democratic recall opponent Shelly Moore "opposes any limit on taxes.
Speaker: sheila harsdorf
About the speaker: Republican Sheila Harsdorf has been a member of the Wisconsin state Senate since 2000, representing a northwest Wisconsin district. She previously served in the state Assembly from 1988 to 1998. Harsdorf survived an August 2011 recall election by defeating Democrat Shelly Moore.
Date: July 1, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: This is one of those cases where a candidate has some facts on her side but overplays the hand. Moore has objected to several high-profile tax restraint efforts over the years, either personally and/or in her role as a union leader. But Harsdorf does not limit her statement to those measures -- she makes a leap with language that states Moore opposes any tax limits, period. During the campaign, Moore has publicly supported limiting the income-tax liability of working families, the elderly and others. In the past, we’d have called the statement , but the -O-Meter becomes a little easier to read today as the PolitiFact network has a new title for the old definition: .
Statement: Bernie Sanders opposes the Trans-Pacific Partnership, and Hillary Clinton supports it.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 26, 2015
Topics: trade;punditfact
Context: a viral Internet chart
Fact-check justification: The graphic claims Bernie Sanders opposes the Trans-Pacific Partnership, and Hillary Clinton supports it. Sanders has said on multiple occasions that he would oppose the trade deal. Clinton supported it as secretary of state, and there’s even  to suggest she was an advocate for the deal within the Obama administration. But she has taken a neutral stance on the deal during her campaign for the presidency, voicing some of Sanders’ same concerns yet refusing to explicitly criticize the proposal. Clinton spoke often in support of the Trans-Pacific Partnership — until that backing irritated parts of her Democratic base. We rate the post’s  .
Statement: Says he "tore down hundreds of abandoned homes that served as havens for crime and reduce(d) the value of our neighborhoods.
Speaker: tim mcginty
About the speaker: Tim McGinty is a Democrat running for reelection as Cuyahoga County prosecutor.
Date: March 4, 2016
Location: ohio
Topics: criminal justice;urban
Context: his campaign website
Fact-check justification: Our rating McGinty says he tore down "hundreds of abandoned homes." It’s  that he piggybacked on the attorney general’s already-established program. But he also directed spending of $2 million from the Delinquent Tax and Assessment Collection Fund so that more demolitions could take place. The head of the land bank and a city spokesperson confirmed this with their numbers. We rate this  .
Statement: We are only inches away from ceasing to be a free market economy.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: June 2, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;regulation
Context: a speech announcing his presidential campaign
Fact-check justification: It’s  that the government’s footprint on spending has grown over the past few years, due in large part to the recession. But while the statistics show that the government continues to have a large influence on the economy, there is little indication that the government’s role has risen dramatically enough over the past few years to threaten the kind of free market that the U.S. has operated under in recent decades. And international comparisons show that the U.S. ranks low in both total tax burden and high in economic freedom -- at least as measured by a prominent conservative think tank. So, as measured by economists from both ends of the spectrum and, most importantly, from the conservative Heritage Foundation, it's   to say we are close to losing our free-market economy. We find Romney's statement .