chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Jesus was an undocumented immigrant.
Speaker: ryan eller
About the speaker: The Rev. Ryan Eller is executive director of Define American, which describes itself as "a media and culture organization, and our mission is to use the power of stories to transcend politics and shift the conversation around immigrants, identity and citizenship in a changing America."
Date: August 31, 2015
Topics: immigration;punditfact
Context: a CNN interview
Fact-check justification: Eller said, "Jesus was an undocumented immigrant." He was making the point that Jesus and his family had to escape to a new land to avoid danger, as immigrant families sometimes do. In a historical context, however, Herod’s kingdom and the province of Egypt were ultimately governed by the Roman Empire, and weren’t separate nations as we know them now. Experts said there were likely very few, if any, restrictions on movement between the two, making the situation more akin to fleeing a state than another country. We rate Eller’s statement .
Statement: On assault weapon violence: "Ducks have more protection than people in Virginia.
Speaker: alfonso lopez
About the speaker: Alfonso Lopez, a Democrat, as served in the House of delegates since 2012, representing portions of Arlington and Fairfax Counties.
He received a B.A. degree from Vassar College in 1992 and a J.D. from the Tulane University School of Law in 1995.
Lopez served as Gov. Tim Kaine's director of the Virginia Liaison Office in Washington, where he directed  congressional and federal relations for Virginia. He also served as Kaine's representative to the National Governors Association, the Democratic Governors Association and the Southern Governors Association. 
 
Date: January 19, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: guns
Context: a floor speech
Fact-check justification: In a speech on the House floor, Lopez said that under Virginia law "ducks have more protection that people" from assault gun violence. To drive the point home, he repeated it. There’s simply no basis to this jarring . Virginia sanctions duck hunting; it’s a misdemeanor with no jail time if you shoot one with a gun that can hold more than three bullets. It’s a felony to purposefully shoot a person, sometimes punishable by death, and the capacity of firearms doesn’t alter this simple fact. We rate Lopez’s statement .
Statement: Mark Harris worked to stop Trump from being president.
Speaker: robert pittenger
About the speaker: Robert Pittenger is a Republican who has represented North Carolina's 9th congressional district since 2013.
Date: February 19, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: elections
Context: an attack ad
Fact-check justification: Pittenger said, "Mark Harris worked to stop Trump from being president." He has a point that Harris supported Ted Cruz for president until Trump became the nominee. But he left out the important context that Pittenger also supported another candidate. It’s disingenuous to cast Harris as someone who tried to sabotage Trump without providing context that Harris not only supported Trump after he became the nominee, but was reported to be among his spiritual advisors. We rate this  .
Statement: Texas has the sixth-highest property taxes in the nation.
Speaker: jeff judson
About the speaker: Jeff Judson is a 7th generation Texan who has been a consistent leader and activist for smaller, more effective government, serving as a congressional staffer, think tank president, local elected official, and public policy consultant. An effective leader, Jeff was recognized as one of the “Most Influential People in San Antonio” by the San Antonio Express News because of his leadership in twice defeating wasteful light rail projects in San Antonio in 2000 and 2015.
Jeff is an associate with Kaeppel Consulting, LLC, which helps private companies and government agencies cut down on wasteful bureaucracy, increase productivity by offering solutions to improve workplace morale and create a culture of constant improvement– the same changes he wants to make in state government.
As a public policy consultant, he has represented a number of Fortune 500 firms seeking freedom from government regulatory burdens by working with grassroots organizations, academics, and think tanks to change the national debate. Jeff works exclusively on free market, limited government issues in his consultancy by recruiting and managing the work of a national network of conservative academics, think tanks, and grassroots organization to inform the public debate on issues of interest to free-market-oriented clients.
Date: December 15, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: taxes
Context: Action blog post
Fact-check justification: While it may be  that on average, Texas property taxes are the sixth-highest in the nation, the actual taxpayer burden on state residents varies hugely from county by county, making the average less representative. We rate this  as .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check
Statement: Says Donald Trump "claimed our armed forces are 'a disaster.'
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: July 28, 2016
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;military
Context: a speech at the Democratic convention
Fact-check justification: Clinton said Donald Trump "claimed our armed forces are 'a disaster,’" a comment that suggests mismanagement and incompetence. Trump did, in fact, use that characterization once during a debate in January. More recently, he has called it "depleted" and focused more on what he suggests is a lack of resources. His comments have been slightly unclear, but recent ones have not been as broadly critical as his comment in the CNBC debate. So we rate Clinton’s  .
Statement: There's nothing in the voting instructions that we've been getting in the last several elections that lets you know" about the limitations of the master lever.
Speaker: catherine taylor
About the speaker: Catherine Taylor is a Republican who made an unsuccessful run for lieutenant governor in Rhode Island in 2014. Taylor, who also ran unsuccessfully for secretary of state in 2010, is a former speechwriter for Sens. John and Lincoln Chafee, and served as director of the Rhode Island Division of Elderly Affairs.
 
Date: July 27, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: elections
Context: an appearance on the Helen Glover Show
Fact-check justification: That's dead . In fact they can vote and their votes  always count, with only one exception -- when a voter goes outside the party in contests where you can make more than one choice, they have to take extra care to mark the party members they want for that particular office.     Taylor makes a good point when she says the master-lever issues should be addressed on each ballot or in polling places. But her contention that the issues have not been addressed in the voting instructions of the last several elections turns out to be dead  as well. A candidate running for secretary of state should know that, so we give her a .
Statement: Less mass shootings under Trump!
Speaker: ron tusler
About the speaker: Wisconsin state Rep. Ron Tussler, a Republican from Harrison, was elected to the state Assembly in 2016. He is an attorney and former teacher.
Date: August 4, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: guns
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In the wake of two mass shootings that left 31 dead in the span of 13 hours, Tusler claimed there have been fewer such shootings under Trump than Obama. That’s nonsense. The chart Tusler based his  on is both incomplete and outdated — including only half of Trump’s time in office. And it’s  to use a raw tally of shootings to compare just over two years under Trump to eight years under Obama. Using more comprehensive data and a reasonable criterion like shootings per year, we see that mass shootings have risen steadily in recent decades regardless of who is in the White House.  So shootings are up — not down — under Trump. We rate Tusler’s  .
Statement: Fox Sports cancels all NFL broadcasts 'until players respect the flag.'
Speaker: thelastlineofdefense.org
About the speaker: A web site associated with fake news. It is run by a man named Christopher Blair, a self-described "liberal troll" who wants to fool conservative readers with outlandish stories.
Date: September 24, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: TheLastLineOfDefense.org was created by a man named Christopher Blair, who has told PolitiFact he writes  claims to fool conservative readers into believing wild stories . It’s not clear who wrote the story about Fox Sports. The author, who is only identified as " Freedom " on the site, replied to an email we sent, but would not provide their real name. In any event, it’s clear that Fox did not shun the NFL as part of a punitive campaign against players protesting the national anthem. We rate this bogus  !
Statement: Before taking executive action on immigration, President Obama stated 22 times that he does not have the authority to change immigration laws on his own.
Speaker: bob goodlatte
About the speaker: Bob Goodlatte, a Republican, was first elected to Congress in 1993. He represents Virginia's 6th District, centered in Roanoke.
He is currently the chairman of the House Judiciary Committee and the vice chairman of the House Agriculture Committee.
Goodlatte earned a law degree from Washington and Lee University School of Law, Lexington, in 1977. His undergraduate degree in government was earned at Bates College in Lewiston, Maine, in 1974.
Date: April 18, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: immigration
Context: a website post
Fact-check justification: Goodlatte said, "Before taking executive action on immigration, President Obama stated 22 times that he does not have the authority to change immigration laws on his own." Records offered by Goodlatte and other Republicans show Obama repeatedly has made such statements. But the congressman goes a little off course in trying to quantify the times the president has said so. In a handful of the instances, the president was talking in general terms about executive authority that he did not relate to immigration. So in the interest of precision, we rate Goodlatte’s  .
Statement: Zack Nunn saved over 2,000 Americans abandoned in Afghanistan by leading private rescue missions.
Speaker: zach nunn
About the speaker: Iowa state Sen. Zach Nunn worked as a U.S. Air Force aircrew intelligence officer, flying 700 combat hours over Afghanistan, and also a cybersecurity expert in the Obama Administration’s National Security Council staff.
Date: May 9, 2022
Location: iowa
Topics: afghanistan;candidate biography;foreign policy;military
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: A political ad for Nunn’s 3rd Congressional District primary race in Iowa says Nunn "saved over 2,000 Americans abandoned in Afghanistan by leading private rescue missions." Nunn, Argo Task Force co-founder Jesse Jensen and others are key members of several American groups working privately but in collaboration with the U.S. government to bring Americans and endangered people out of Taliban-ruled Afghanistan since U.S. troops left that country.  But saying the count is more than 2,000 Americans when most of those coming out are not American gives a different impression of what Nunn is doing than exists. In a May 18  interview  on Shenandoah, Iowa’s KMA radio, Nunn, himself, qualified the : "We flew multiple flights over and carried out over 2,500 Americans and allies after the U.S. flag fell in Kabul." Nunn is doing humanitarian work but the number in the ad is an exaggeration and ignores important details. We rate the statement to be .
Statement: Raphael Warnock "believes in no cash bail" and "letting people out of prison that are going to make us prisoners in our own home.
Speaker: herschel walker
About the speaker: Herschel Walker is a GOP candidate for the 2022 Senate race in Georgia. He is a former NFL player.
Date: November 11, 2022
Location: georgia
Topics: criminal justice
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Walker claimed that Warnock "believes in no-cash bail" and "letting people out of prison that are going to make us prisoners in our own home." Warnock supports eliminating cash bail in limited cases — only for nonviolent offenders. Warnock does not support widespread releases of prison inmates, but supported a law that reduces certain sentences, including for inmates who earn credits for good behavior. Walker’s  contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it . RELATED: Fact-checking Raphael Warnock and Herschel Walker in Georgia's Senate race RELATED: Herschel Walker’s record on the -O-Meter RELATED: Raphael Warnock’s record on the -O-Meter
Statement: March For Our Lives is backed by radicals with a history of violent threats, language and actions.
Speaker: national rifle association
About the speaker: An advocacy group that fights restrictions on the right to bear arms.
Date: March 21, 2018
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;guns
Context: a segment on NRATV
Fact-check justification: The NRA said that the March For Our Lives is "backed by radicals with a history of violent threats, language and actions." That allegation rested on the idea that the Women’s March played a major role in the march, and the NRA host mentioned two co-chairs by name. We found no  that either the organization or those people are directly involved in the march. The Women’s March website doesn’t even list the gun control march as an upcoming event. The only significant tie between the marches is a producer who leads the Los Angeles chapter of the Women’s March. But the chapter said it is not involved, and the producer has acted on her own to apply for permits and establish the March For Our Lives’ nonprofit support fund. Major organizational muscle behind the march, both in Washington and in cities nationwide, comes from two well-known gun control advocacy groups, neither of which has a history of violent behavior. A number of related organizations have lent their support, including the Episcopal Diocese of Washington, and celebrity donors have given millions of dollars. The NRA  is without merit. We rate it . Correction: After we published, a reader noted that the Youth Empowerment FAQ page on National School Walkout included a reference to the March For Our Lives. The fact-check has been corrected to reflect that reference. We also updated the story to reflect Madonna's full quote from the 2017 Women's March.
Statement: President Obama's health care law is "a government takeover of healthcare.
Speaker: george allen
About the speaker: George Allen was a U.S. senator from 2001-2007. He was governor of Virginia from 1994-1998.
Date: June 16, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: health care;regulation
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Allen says that the health care reform law is a "government takeover of health care." Yes, the law increases regulation. But it greatly relies on the private sector to provide health care. Hospitals will not be taken over by the government, doctors will not become federal employees. The act relies on private insurers to compete and provide health care coverage to an expanded customer base. Employer-based coverage through private companies continues. The "government takeover of health care" is a potent political charge that does not hold up under examination. We rate Allen’s  .
Statement: In a recent year, the Milwaukee Police Department "collected more guns per capita off the streets than in New York.
Speaker: cavalier johnson
About the speaker: In 2016, Johnson ran for 2nd District Alderman on the Milwaukee Common Council, winning a five-way primary with 38 percent of the vote and winning the general election with 4,307 votes (52 percent). 
Johnson was re-elected without opposition in 2020 and was also elected by his peers in a 8–7 vote to serve as the Milwaukee Common Council president.  
Johnson became acting mayor of Milwaukee upon the resignation of  Tom Barrett to assume the ambassadorship of Luxembourg, on December 22, 2021. He is acting mayor until the 2022 Milwaukee mayoral special election. The Milwaukee mayor's office is non-partisan. Johnson is a candidate in the special election. The day before assuming the role, Johnson announced his top priority would be combating reckless driving to create safe streets. 
Date: April 9, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice;crime;guns
Context: TV interview
Fact-check justification: Johnson claimed that in a recent year, the Milwaukee Police Department "collected more guns per capita off the streets than in New York." Although the time frame Johnson referred to was vague, the  was on point, as Milwaukee’s gun recoveries per capita numbers in 2016 were more than 10 times higher than what New York City reported for that year. We rate the  .
Statement: We saved 2 million people" from dying of COVID-19.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 15, 2020
Topics: public health;health check;coronavirus
Context: a town hall on NBC News
Fact-check justification: President Trump is claiming that if not for his efforts, there would have been 2 million more deaths in the U.S. from COVID-19. But that 2 million number is taken from a model that shows what would happen without any mitigation measures — that is, if citizens had continued their daily lives as usual, and governments did nothing. Experts said that wouldn’t have happened in real life. And while lockdowns and social distancing have indeed been proven to prevent COVID-19 illness and deaths, credit for that doesn’t go solely to Trump. The White House issued federal recommendations asking Americans to stay home, but much stronger social distancing measures were enforced by states. Travel restrictions implemented by Trump perhaps helped hold down transmission in the context of broader efforts, but on their own, they don’t seem to have significantly reduced the transmission rate of the coronavirus. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Joe Biden and Kamala Harris would raise the federal income tax rate for a person with a bi-weekly gross salary of $3,000 to 39.6%, costing "nearly half your paycheck.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 23, 2020
Topics: taxes;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said Biden and Harris would raise the federal income tax rate for a person with a bi-weekly gross salary of $3,000 to 39.6%, costing "nearly half your paycheck." That’s . The 39.6% rate is what Biden proposed for earners in the top income tax bracket, which the IRS says includes individual single taxpayers making more than $518,400 per year.  We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Minnesota, Michigan, Iowa already have 70 mph" speed limits on rural interstates, and "we see that they've been able to do it safely.
Speaker: robin vos
About the speaker: Wisconsin state Rep. Robin Vos, R-Rochester, has represented western Racine County in the state Assembly since 2004. In November 2012, he was elected Assembly speaker. Vos previously served on the Racine County Board of Supervisors, from 1994 to 2004.
Date: August 22, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: transportation
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Vos goes too far with the blanket statement. We found numbers suggesting otherwise in two states, and a key Iowa official attributes some negative safety impact to the change. But the Michigan experience fits his description, and researchers in Iowa cast doubt on the significance of the speed-limit change in the uptick in fatalities there. So there’s some gas in his ’s tank. .
Statement: Video shows a Ukrainian fighter pilot shooting down a Russian plane.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 25, 2022
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The clip shows a video game simulation, not the fighting in Ukraine. We rate the video . RELATED : Don’t fall for these hoaxes about Russia’s invasion of Ukraine RELATED : These video clips do not show Russia’s attack on Ukraine. They’re simulations from video games
Statement: Milwaukee has seen "an uptick in violence" since 2010, and "the only period of calm we get is when winter sets in.
Speaker: david a. clarke jr.
About the speaker: David A. Clarke Jr. served as Milwaukee County sheriff from 2002 to 2017.
Date: May 19, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice;crime
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Violent crime rates have roller-coastered in recent years, but Clarke’s observations about the trend since 2010 is on target. His observation about a winter "calm" period is a bit of a stretch, but it’s certainly calmer than the hot days of summer. We rate his  . Update: an earlier version of this item incorrectly stated that Sheriff Clarke faces re-election in November 2014. He would first have to clear an expected August 12 primary challenge to reach the November 4 general election.
Statement: I'm the only governor in America ... who signed a law that says there needs to be an independent investigation any time there's a death of someone in police custody.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: September 13, 2015
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice
Context: an interview on CNN's "State of the Union"
Fact-check justification: Walker said he was the only governor to sign a bill that required an independent investigation into police-related killings. Walker signed that bill in April 2014. According to experts we reached or whose work we read, and our scan of legislation, no other state has such a law. We rate this  .