chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Video shows Gianna Bryant in the hospital after helicopter crash.
Speaker: youtube videos
About the speaker: Videos uploaded to YouTube.
Date: January 28, 2020
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a YouTube video
Fact-check justification: The Pacific Attorney Group reported that Cervantes was one of two people killed by a traffic collision on Aug. 28, 2019, in Downey, Calif. She died two days later in the hospital. The video description says that Cervantes was an organ donor who received an honor walk, a ritual described by the New York Times as a way to show respect to dying patients planning to donate their organs. The full version of this video was uploaded more than four months before Gianna Bryant’s death. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Donald Trump said, "Make no mistake: They're not after me. They are after you; your guns, your Christian values, your freedom. I'm just in their way.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 17, 2019
Topics: religion;facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: They are trying to silence and punish the speech of Christians and religious believers of all faiths." And:  "The grave danger posed to historic Christian communities is incredible. "  What he didn’t say is what appears in the Facebook post.   If  surfaces that Trump did make this statement, we’ll reconsider our rating. Until then, we rate it .
Statement: The governor won this state with 49 percent. We had some of the closest races in the House in history. So you're not dealing with this 70-30, like they want to make it.
Speaker: robert hagan
About the speaker: Robert Hagan is a member of the Ohio House of Representatives from the 60th District, which is comprised of part of Mahoning County, including Youngstown.
Date: November 3, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: elections;redistricting
Context: an interview with Ohio Capital Blog’s Marc Kovac
Fact-check justification: For one, there’s no bulletproof way of suggesting the state is 50/50 -- a  Hagan did not make explicitly in his comments to Kovac. Hagan instead implicitly pointed to results of two elections as proof of Ohio’s political parity: Kasich’s narrow gubernatorial victory and a batch of close Ohio House races. Regarding the latter, Hagan remarked on "some of the closest races in the House in history." It is clear that several of those battles match that description. On the -O-Meter, we rate his  .
Statement: Says David Wu has presided over "137 months" in which "Oregon's unemployment rate has been above the national average.
Speaker: rob cornilles
About the speaker: Rob Cornilles is the president and founder of Game Face Inc. He is a graduate of Brigham Young University.
Date: October 12, 2010
Location: oregon
Topics: economy
Context: The Oregonian's Voter Guide
Fact-check justification: "There are so many factors that influence the economy,'' he said. "One congressperson's actions are a very small contributor, especially when you move down to the state level." So while Cornilles' 137-month figure is correct, it's quite a reach to imply that Wu had much to do with it. We find his  is . Comment on this item.
Statement: A couple retiring today will pay about $119,000 in lifetime Medicare taxes and receive about $357,000 in lifetime Medicare benefits. ... about 3 bucks in benefits for every dollar in taxes.
Speaker: rob portman
About the speaker: Rob Portman was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2010. He is a former Republican congressman who also was a U.S. trade representative and director of the Office of Management and Budget under President George H.W. Bush.
Date: November 1, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: deficit;federal budget;medicare
Context: a congressional hearing
Fact-check justification: It asserted that anything short of a comprehensive, overall view would merely be tinkering. Its bottom line: "Tax rates that have not kept pace with ever-rising benefit levels, increasing years of support, spiraling health costs, and fewer workers per retiree all imply that current and future generations of workers are going to have to do something to get these elderly benefit programs into order, either by paying higher taxes or receiving fewer benefits for themselves." We make no ruling on those difficult choices. The difficult situation described by Portman is another matter. On the -O-Meter his  rates .
Statement: Father danced for his daughter at her grave after she was killed during recent protests in Iran.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: September 28, 2022
Topics: iran;facebook fact-checks
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: It has been circulating online for more than a year.   A reverse image search for the video showed the earliest online posting was a July 12, 2021, post on Facebook. The caption is in Turkish, and a translated version says it tells the story of a man who danced for his daughter after she died. The video does not show a father dancing for his daughter at her grave after she was killed during recent protests in Iran. We rate this  .
Statement: Says U.S. Rep. Connie Mack IV passed "only one bill" in seven years.
Speaker: american bridge 21st century
About the speaker: American Bridge 21st Century is a Democratic super PAC.
Date: August 6, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: message machine 2012;voting record
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: American Bridge is right to say Mack only passed one bill in seven years. However, they leave out that Mack cosponsored about 50 bills that were written into law and didn’t consider that some of his bills may have passed as amendments. Also, it's important to note that the number of Mack bills that became law is only one measure of his overall record -- and one that can be  when viewed in isolation. We rate the  .
Statement: I did not — I did not — I do not say that. I do not say that" climate change is a hoax perpetrated by the Chinese.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 26, 2016
Location: national
Topics: environment;candidate biography;china;climate change;economy;energy;history;science
Context: a presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Trump said,  "I did not — I did not — I do not say that. I do not say that" climate change is a hoax perpetrated by the Chinese. He certainly did say it — in a tweet four years ago. While he has since described that remark as a "joke," Trump has repeatedly called climate change a "hoax" in speeches, tweets and media appearances. And he has said as recently as Jan. 18, 2016, that action on climate change "is done for the benefit of China." Because he hasn’t pushed this exact theory in recent years, as far as we’ve seen, there’s a tiny grain of  to Trump’s . But it’s still . For that, we rate his statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/04109c43-9130-4b0a-8d47-1f5166741fc7
Statement: Doug Collins repeatedly joined liberal Stacey Abrams to raise taxes...Kelly's never voted for a tax increase — and never will.
Speaker: kelly loeffler
About the speaker: Kelly Loeffler is a former U.S. Senator from Georgia.
Date: August 6, 2020
Topics: infrastructure;negative campaigning
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The Loeffler campaign ad makes a series of claims about the transportation bills HR 206 and HB 277. These claims leave out crucial context about Collins’ voting record and Loeffler’s own position on similar tax increases.  The first part of the , "Doug Collins repeatedly joined liberal Stacey Abrams to raise taxes" does not strictly apply to the bill that the ad calls "the greatest tax increase in Georgia history." As noted above, HR 206 would not have levied a statewide tax per se. Instead, it left the ultimate decision on the tax up to Georgia voters.  The second part of the , "Kelly’s never voted for a tax increase — and never will," is also . As a citizen, Loeffler publicly supported a regional transportation tax, saying it was necessary to create jobs.  We rate this  . ​
Statement: Says "the typical homeowner will pay $4 more per month" if library district passes.
Speaker: libraries yes! committee
About the speaker: The Libraries Yes! Committee is an organization that advocates on behalf of the Multnomah County Library System.
Date: October 21, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: taxes
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: While the ultimate cost would be more for the average house, we think it’s fair to call the median number, where half the houses are assessed at more and half less, "typical." Those figures back up the Libraries Yes! Committee’s  that the typical homeowner will pay $4 more per month" once the new district goes into full effect. We rate this  .
Statement: Said Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and her allies "blocked a resolution condemning anti-Semitism — which I passed unanimously in the Senate.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: January 9, 2021
Location: new york
Topics: corrections and updates;race and ethnicity;texas
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Cruz said that Ocasio-Cortez and her allies "blocked a resolution condemning anti-Semitism — which I passed unanimously in the Senate."  Cruz sponsored a Senate resolution  against anti-Semitism that passed by unanimous consent. But his  that Ocasio-Cortez’ blocked a similar House resolution leaves out important context.  Ocasio-Cortez opposed the initial resolution draft as being too narrow. Once condemnations of other types of bigotry were added to the text, the resolution went forward and passed easily, including a vote in favor by Ocasio-Cortez. Both resolutions had similar language on anti-Semitism. We rate Cruz’s statement . EDITOR'S NOTE, March 24, 2021 : After we published our report, Cruz's staff responded to our inquiry, citing  we had already reviewed. The rating remains unchanged.
Statement: Old City in Philadelphia "used to have more than a dozen clubs and that's what we were known for and now we're down to two.
Speaker: job itzkowitz
About the speaker: Old City District executive director
Date: May 11, 2016
Location: pennsylvania
Context: In the Philadelphia Business Journal
Fact-check justification: HughE Dillon, Philly celebrity watcher, said Old City used to be "an out of control, rumble in the street kinda late night area," but has lately been pleased with what he regards as a safer late night scene. "Now," he said, "people just seem to rush to get in line at Big Ass Slices 218 Market Street, when the bars let out. "      Our Ruling Old City District executive director Job Itkowitz claimed the number of Old City clubs had declined from more than a dozen to two. We found at least 10 clubby establishments that have closed in the last several years, and going by different interpretations of "club" Old City has somewhere between one and four clubs.     We rule the statement .
Statement: The overwhelming number" of school districts reported their staff stayed the same or grew after the 2011-'13 state budget
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: November 15, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: In any event, Walker’s reference to staffing levels of "the same or greater" makes it clear he was quantifying staffing, not discussing class size. Our conclusion Walker referred to school survey results, saying "the overwhelming number of districts saw that staffing was the same or greater." But he cherry-picked figures in his favor, leaving out a key factor -- retirements -- that formed the basis of the survey’s conclusions on overall staffing reductions. When they are included, the survey actually shows the opposite of what he said. We rate his statement .
Statement: 6.4 million more Americans living in poverty under President Obama.
Speaker: david dewhurst
About the speaker: David Dewhurst, the former state land commissioner, was initially elected lieutenant governor of Texas in 2002. He lost his 2012 bid for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate and lost his bid for re-nomination in 2014.
Date: April 4, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: economy;poverty
Context: an online video
Fact-check justification: Dewhurst’s figures draw from a reliable source on Americans in poverty in 2010 — which, of course, is not 2012 — compared with 2008, the year before Obama became president. A better understanding of the extent of U.S. poverty lies in looking at the share of Americans in dire straits. That measure also supports Dewhurst’s point — that poverty has increased during Obama’s term. Then again, the percentage of residents in poverty had begun to grow in 2007, two years before Obama’s first in office. Finally, it’s a reach to say Obama is personally to blame for the increase in poverty. On balance, we rate Dewhurst’s statement .
Statement: In 30 states, average teacher pay is less than the living wage for a family of four.
Speaker: kamala harris
About the speaker: Kamala Harris is the vice president of the United States. Harris was elected as a senator from California in 2016. She previously was California’s attorney general from 2011 to 2017. From 2004 until 2011, she was the district attorney of San Francisco. Harris received a bachelor’s degree in political science and economics from Howard University and a J.D. from the University of California, Hastings College of Law. In 2019, she ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in December. On Aug. 11, 2020, former Vice President Joe Biden named Harris as his running mate.
Date: March 26, 2019
Location: california
Topics: education;workers
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Harris said, "In 30 states, average teacher pay is less than the living wage for a family of four." Since a living wage is in part calculated based on a person’s household and family circumstances, the comparison Harris used excludes such factors as non-salary benefits, summer income, working spouses, and smaller family sizes. Harris's premise is that teacher pay alone should support a family of four. In the context she specifies, her statement is accurate.  We rate the statement .
Statement: Says "nearly half" of House Republicans have supported a nonpartisan redistricting bill.
Speaker: chuck mcgrady
About the speaker: North Carolina House member Chuck McGrady is a Republican from Henderson County.
Date: February 13, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: elections;redistricting
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: But, when you consider Republican support for his new bill, he’s pretty much right that nearly half of House Republicans have supported the idea of nonpartisan redistricting at some point. We rate this  . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide. To offer ideas for fact checks, email  [email protected] .
Statement: There is "a constitutional issue" that affects "the paychecks of members of Congress" during a shutdown.
Speaker: mario diaz-balart
About the speaker: Mario Diaz-Balart was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2002 to represent Florida’s 25th Congressional District, which at the time, covered portions of Miami-Dade County, Collier County, and Monroe County. After the 2012 redistricting cycle, he ran for the newly redrawn 25th Congressional District which includes parts of Miami-Dade, Broward, Collier, and Hendry counties.
Date: October 2, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: congress;federal budget
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: When asked about whether he would forgo his own paycheck during the shutdown, Diaz-Balart said, "There is a bit of a constitutional issue ... when you are dealing with the paychecks of members of Congress." He is correct: Article I, Section 6, of the U.S. Constitution authorizes pay for members of Congress "ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States." Members can ask the House to withhold their pay, but that’s just a temporary symbolic move -- particularly since they aren’t scheduled to get a paycheck until the end of the month. We rate this  .
Statement: Image shows Nancy Pelosi drunk and being kissed by President Barack Obama.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 10, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: News stories from that day included coverage of Clinton’s and Obama’s remarks at the Nobel peace laureate’s funeral. Pelosi’s office that day released a statement recognizing Rosh Hashana, the Jewish New Year, which would soon begin. What we do not find in legitimate news archives is any coverage that suggests Pelosi, who does not drink alcohol , was drunk upon her return. But we have seen similar claims suggesting she was publicly inebriated many , many , many times before. We rate this .
Statement: Video shows Joe Biden faked an interview in front of a green screen.
Speaker: youtube videos
About the speaker: Videos uploaded to YouTube.
Date: March 17, 2021
Topics: corrections and updates;facebook fact-checks
Context: a YouTube post
Fact-check justification: This Washington Post video shows the interview from a different angle than the Hill video.   And this clip , shared by FiveThirtyEight reporter Kaleigh Rogers, shows the different videos side by side.   While the clip that’s being shared on social media may look odd, it’s not a hoax. It’s an optical illusion.   We rate the  that Biden faked this interview with reporters in front of a green screen !
Statement: Says Kamala Harris said there will be "a federal tax on your home for reparations.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 25, 2020
Location: california
Topics: civil rights;taxes;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims Harris proposed a federal tax on homes to pay for slavery reparations. There’s no  to support that . We rate the statement .
Statement: If we had been on 'Obamacare' and a bureaucrat was trying to tell me when I could get that CAT scan, that would have delayed my treatment.
Speaker: herman cain
About the speaker: Herman Cain is an author, columnist and talk radio host. Cain, a former pizza franchise CEO, ran for president as a Republican in 2012.
Date: September 22, 2011
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: Orlando
Fact-check justification: We don't know the personal details of Cain's health status or how he is insured. But it's impossible for us to see how a government bureaucrat could have delayed Cain's care. Cain said at the debate that, "If we had been on 'Obamacare' and a bureaucrat was trying to tell me when I could get that CAT scan, that would have delayed my treatment." But there is no part of the health care law that allows a government bureaucrat to weigh in on an individual's course of treatment -- not Cain's nor anyone else's. We rate his statement .
Statement: Since the beginning of the year we've created a net increase of 45,000 jobs.
Speaker: john kasich
About the speaker: John Kasich is the governor of Ohio. A Republican and a former congressman, he defeated Democratic Gov. Ted Strickland in 2010 and was reelected in 2014. He ran for president in 2016.
Date: September 25, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: There hasn’t been enough time for them to kick in, they say. Standard & Poors cited Ohio’s balanced budget as having a positive impact, but that didn’t happen until the end of June. Ohio has registered job growth since early last year, well before Kasich was elected. And while his efforts have received some positive reviews, there are many factors beyond the governor’s office that impact job growth. On the -O-Meter, we rate Kasich’s  .
Statement: (Sen. Robert) Gordon cost us money, exempting the Newark sports arena from paying property taxes and sticking us with the bill.
Speaker: john driscoll
About the speaker: John Driscoll Jr. is a Bergen County freeholder. A Republican, he lost his 2011 bid for a New Jersey State Senate seat in the 38th Legislative District.
Date: October 6, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: message machine 2012;taxes
Context: a television ad posted on YouTube
Fact-check justification: In a TV ad, Driscoll claims Gordon cost taxpayers money by "exempting the Newark sports arena from paying property taxes and sticking us with the bill." Gordon did support that exemption, and news articles show that Newark has needed additional state aid dollars over the years. But the ad ties the "bill" to the property tax exemption, and the only entities directly affected are the city, the school district and the county -- not those voters in Bergen and Passaic counties. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: A million people a year come into the U.S. legally. No other country even comes close to that figure.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: June 18, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: an interview on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Rubio is right that "a million people a year come into the U.S. legally" and that "no other country even comes close to that figure." We rate his statement .