chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Cost of iPhone: $399
- Cost of healthcare for 1 year: $10,345
- Hearing @jasoninthehouse compare the 2 as if they are the same: priceless
Speaker: gavin newsom
About the speaker: Gavin Newsom was elected governor of California in 2018. He is the state's former lieutenant governor and served as mayor of San Francisco. He is a Democrat.
Date: March 7, 2017
Location: california
Topics: health care;technology;the 2018 california governor's race
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Democratic California Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom caused a stir with his response to a controversial comparison of the costs of an iPhone and healthcare made by Rep. Jason Chaffetz, R-Utah. Newsom claimed iPhones cost $399 while one-year of health care costs $10,345. The lieutenant governor is right about the phone cost, though he selected the cheapest iPhone featured on Apple’s website. In coming up with his health care cost estimate, Newsom’s spokesman cited a federal report showing the nation’s overall health care costs were expected to surpass $10,000 per capita for the first time in 2016. That figure does not necessarily mean everyone is spending $10,345 on health care. Costs vary greatly among individuals. About 5 percent of the population — those who are most frail or sick — accounts for nearly half the spending in a given year, according to the Associated Press. Still, two health care policy experts told us the $10,345 figure is the best available for assessing average health care costs. Another look at the iPhone vs. health care cost comparison by the Washington Post shows plans in the Obamacare market would cost an individual about $8,600 in premiums and deductibles annually, which when combined with out-of-pocket expenses might not be far from is the $10,345 figure Newsom cited. In the end, we found  to back up Newsom’s figures. We also found Chaffetz made enough of a connection between iPhones and health care costs to back up Newsom’s  that the congressman compared them "as if they are the same." Newsom’s overall statement is accurate, though it needs some clarifications or additional information. We rate it .   – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says that "the way to reach 'herd immunity' is for >70% of the population to get vaccinated.
Speaker: jon rosenthal
About the speaker: Jon Rosenthal is an engineer and Texas politician serving as a Democratic member of the Texas House of Representatives. He represents the 135th District, which includes Northwest Houston, Cypress, and Jersey Village
Date: January 5, 2021
Location: texas
Topics: public health;science;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: In an email, Rosenthal said his information came from a Reuters article that cited the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control estimating a 67% herd immunity threshold and the World Health Organization estimating a 65% to 70% threshold.   "There are apparently too many unknowns to be certain, but the 70% figure lines up with some common estimates," Rosenthal said.   The herd immunity threshold is calculated by using a disease’s rate of transmission. Although scientists have not agreed upon a definite rate, and even though these rates are highly theoretical, estimates show that the thresholds lies somewhere between 60% and 83%.   We rate this  .
Statement: A Texas law requires every high school to have a voter registrar "and part of their responsibility is to make sure that when children become 18 and become eligible to vote, that they vote.
Speaker: paul saldaña
About the speaker: Paul Saldaña, a former mayoral chief of staff, won election to Austin's school board in 2014. Board members elected him vice president of the board in January 2016.
Date: January 13, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: education;elections
Context: a civic summit hosted by Austin's KLRU-TV
Fact-check justification: Saldaña said a Texas law requires every high school to have a voter registrar "and part of their responsibility is to make sure that when children become 18 and become eligible to vote, that they vote." A 1983 law requires every high school to have a deputy voter registrar tasked with giving eligible students voter registration applications. Each registrar also must make sure submitted applications are appropriately handled. However, the law doesn’t require registrars to make every eligible student register; it's up to each student to act or not. Also, as Saldaña acknowledged, registrars aren’t required to ensure that students vote. We rate this statement .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: GOP candidate for governor Nathan Deal "is a former Clinton Democrat.
Speaker: karen handel
About the speaker: Karen Handel is the former secretary of state of Georgia. She is also the former chair of the Fulton County Board of Commissioners. Handel, a Republican, lost the runoff for the GOP nomination for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: July 21, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: voting record
Context: an interview on WSB-TV
Fact-check justification: Deal broke with Clinton to side with Republicans on a variety of legislation, including bills that were important parts of the president's agenda. Furthermore, when Deal became a Republican, the bipartisanship evident during his career as a Democrat all but vanished. He voted enthusiastically against the president, including during Clinton's impeachment. Deal was no pal to Clinton. We rate Handel's statement .
Statement: Former President Donald Trump "was the 1st president in U.S. history to acknowledge that children are being sold for sex in the U.S." while President Joe Biden "rescinded Trump's executive order that helped combat child sex trafficking.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 26, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: President Joe Biden was inaugurated on Jan. 20, 2021. Did he rescind Trump’s executive order combating child sex trafficking on Jan. 21, 2021?   During his first few days in office, Biden revoked multiple executive orders issued by Trump, but reviewing the federal register , White House briefings on presidential actions and news reports, we found none that amounted to Biden rescinding a Trump order to fight child sex trafficking.   Bridgette Carr, director of the Human Trafficking Clinic at the University of Michigan Law School, told The Associated Press in December that she was "unaware of any executive order on child sex trafficking reversed by Biden." We rate claims that Trump was the first president to acknowledge child sex trafficking in the United States, and that Biden revoked Trump’s executive order to combat it, .
Statement: Democrats very much are in the pocket of the NRA.
Speaker: nia-malika henderson
About the speaker: Nia-Malika Henderson is a political reporter for the Washington Post.
Date: April 16, 2014
Topics: campaign finance;punditfact;guns
Context: comments on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: Henderson said Democrats are in the pocket of the NRA. Henderson did not send us any information to support or clarify her statement. In terms of campaign contributions, the NRA sends its money almost entirely to Republicans. In the sense that "in the pocket" means a cozy comfortable relationship, the political scientists we reached said Henderson’s  was . On the other hand, the record shows that on key votes, some Democrats will avoid raising the ire of the NRA. The relationship is hardly cozy but the result is the same. Henderson’s words don’t capture this factor well, but due to it, enough Democrats end up doing what the NRA wants. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Mitt Romney and Paul Ryan "want to turn Medicare into a voucher system.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: August 15, 2012
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;health care;medicare
Context: remarks at a campaign event
Fact-check justification: We agree that in the world of policy wonks, there are distinctions between "vouchers" and "premium support," having to do with the type of inflation adjustment used and the degree of marketplace regulation imposed. Compared with his original plan, Ryan’s most recent plan does move closer to fitting the definition of pure premium support. But substantively, it’s still somewhere in between the two approaches. But the Romney-Ryan approach pretty much matches the dictionary definition of "a form or check indicating a credit against future purchases or expenditures." We think that describes the general way Ryan's plan would work. For a political discussion aimed at voters rather than policy wonks, we think Obama’s use of the term "voucher" is close enough to earn it a rating of .
Statement: Says that in 2009 ExxonMobil "paid no federal income taxes, received a $156 million rebate.
Speaker: dennis kucinich
About the speaker: Dennis Kucinich is running in the Democratic primary for governor of Ohio in 2018. Kucinich was elected to Congress in 1996. He previously served as a member of the city council and as mayor in Cleveland, the city where he was born in 1946. He earned bachelor's and master's degrees from Case Western University. He has been married since 2005 to Elizabeth Harper. He was married twice before and has one child. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 25, 2008.
Date: August 6, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: corporations;taxes
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: We contacted Shackleford again, who confirmed that the same rationale would apply to Kucinich’s . The amount of income tax that Exxon Mobil paid to the U.S. government in 2009 is confidential information that did not appear on the forms that Kucinich and Sanders relied upon to make their claims that the company paid no income taxes and got a rebate. ExxonMobil says the "- $156 million" figure reflects holdover tax issues from previous years that showed up in paperwork for 2009, and that it’s U.S. income tax expense for 2009 was approximately $500 million. A tax professor confirmed that interpreting that $-156 million as the ExxonMoblil’s tax figure would be a misreading of the 10-K form. Based on that, we rate Kucinich’s statement, as we did Sanders’, as .
Statement: Cannabis may stop coronavirus from infecting people, study finds.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 14, 2020
Topics: corrections and updates;drugs;public health;facebook fact-checks;marijuana;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The headline of an article shared on Facebook said: "Cannabis may stop coronavirus from infecting people, study finds." The study found, based on lab testing, that cannabis extracts could be part of a treatment that dramatically reduces the chances of being infected by COVID-10.  But the study is preliminary, has not been peer reviewed and tests on humans would need to be done to determine if the extracts could be part of a treatment that blocks the coronavirus, the study’s lead author said.  The headline contains only an element of . Our ruling is . Clarification, May 28, 2020: The study found cannabis extracts should be investigated as an adjuct treatment for COVID-19 in addition to its use in possible preventative products like mouthwash. This story has been updated to better reflect that distinction. Update, June 1, 2020: This story has been updated to reflect that MerryJane.com changed its headline following publication of this fact-check.
Statement: We have the highest per-pupil cost in the country.
Speaker: steve oroho
About the speaker: Steve Oroho is a Republican state senator representing Sussex County and parts of Morris and Warren counties.
Date: May 25, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: education;taxes
Context: The Star-Ledger
Fact-check justification: The senator says New Jersey has the highest per-pupil costs in the country, but admits basing that statement on data for the 2006-07 and 2007-08 school years. Still, our analysis of data from a nonpartisan arm of the U.S. Department of Education shows that among states only, New Jersey has held the title of highest per-pupil costs in the nation for nearly a decade. The U.S. Census Bureau, however, ranks New Jersey’s per-pupil spending for 2008-09 as third-highest in the nation. Therefore, we rate Oroho’s statement . To comment on this ruling, join the conversation at NJ.com .
Statement: I said no to these big bank bailouts.
Speaker: lloyd doggett
About the speaker: Rep. Lloyd Doggett was initially elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1994.
Date: October 4, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: economy;message machine 2010;voting record
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: In the Texas delegation, nine Democrats and six Republicans voted yes, while four Democrats and 13 Republicans voted no. The Texas delegates who switched votes between versions of the bailout — going from "no" to "yes" — were Al Green, D-Houston, Mike Conaway, R-Midland, Mac Thornberry, R-Clarendon, Sheila Jackson Lee, D-Houston, Solomon Ortiz, D-Corpus Christi, and Henry Cuellar, D-Laredo. Doggett was quoted in the Oct. 3 American-Statesman saying: "When markets are poisoned, you demand the best antidote to that poison ... not yield to President Bush's take-it-or-leave-it demand." So, Doggett twice voted against the TARP measure, the plan since widely called a "bailout." We rate his statement as .
Statement: Photo shows Rihanna is pregnant
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 14, 2021
Topics: pop culture;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The original photo dates back to at least 2016, and it clearly shows Rihanna without the bump. Rihanna and her boyfriend, rapper A$AP Rocky, have not publicly announced a pregnancy or confirmed the rumors. Add Rihanna to the long list of celebrities whose doctored images we’ve debunked, including Mike Tyson , Whoopi Goldberg , Chief Justice John Roberts , Rachel Levine , Hillary Clinton , Michelle Obama , President Joe Biden and former presidents Barack Obama and Donald Trump . We don’t love the way this photo lies. !
Statement: The average person who gets the minimum wage in America is 35 years old.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: May 8, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: income;jobs;workers
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: To address that, Cooper studied the demographics of workers "at or near their effective state minimum wage," defining that as within 3 percent of the minimum-wage level, Cooper told PolitiFact National in April 2014. The average age is 31 in that group, Cooper found. Our rating Baldwin’s remarks contained an element of  about the demographics of minimum-wage workers. But the average age of 35 holds for those who would benefit from a change to $10.10, not the group Baldwin spoke of -- current minimum-wage workers. We rate her  .
Statement: Invested $90 million in traffic fixes without raising taxes.
Speaker: lee leffingwell
About the speaker: Lee Leffingwell, initially elected mayor in 2009, is a former Austin City Council member and retired airline pilot. Leffingwell, a past chair of the city's Environmental Board, grew up in Austin's Bouldin neighborhood, according to the biography posted on the city's web site.
Date: February 18, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: city budget;city government;transportation
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: We see the hope that every one of the $90 million in voter-approved projects will, one way or another, prove a "traffic fix." That’s almost surely correct by the broad definition of traffic touted by Leffingwell. But it’s also reasonable to assume that "traffic fix" refers to cars and trucks on roads -- and less than 60 percent of the mayor’s cited "fixes" would improve or build roads. Finally, Leffingwell’s mailer can be read as his claiming all credit for the $90 million in projects, when that credit should be spread among many parties including city staff members, City Council members and, especially, voters who supported the 2010 proposition. We rate Leffingwell’s  .
Statement: [Federal] law says that you can't give in-state tuition to an illegal alien … unless you first offer it to any other student regardless of their state of residence.
Speaker: terry gorman
About the speaker: Terry Gorman is president of Rhode Islanders for Immigration Law Enforcement.
Date: September 21, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: immigration;education
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: The practice of offering in-state tuition to undocumented students promises to be the subject of more court battles. For now, though, Gorman’s statement that granting in-state tuition violates federal law should be evaluated in light of three key facts: * The only court which has directly addressed whether granting in-state tuition to undocumented students conforms with federal law is the California Supreme Court. And that court ruled there was no violation of federal law. * The U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear an appeal of the California decision, so the decision stands. * A dozen states have enacted state laws to support tuition policies similar to the one approved in Rhode Island. In two states -- California and Texas -- the laws have been in effect for a decade. None has been successfully challenged. While we reserve the right to reconsider the issue if further court challenges yield different results, for now we rule Gorman’s statement  . (To comment on this ruling, "like" us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page. And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.) Update: On Oct. 2, 2011, we revised the wording of one of the key facts in our ruling to make it clear that a dozen states have enacted state laws to make undocumented students eligible for in-state tuition at public colleges.
Statement: 25% of human trafficking victims are located in Texas.
Speaker: john cornyn
About the speaker: John Cornyn is a U.S. senator from Texas, former Texas attorney general and former justice on the Texas Supreme Court. He earlier served as a Bexar County state district judge.
Date: January 10, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: labor;crime
Context: an online commentary
Fact-check justification: Cornyn said 25 percent of trafficking victims are located in Texas. This  seemingly draws on an outdated percentage for a subset of the planet’s trafficking victims, that is, "certified" adult victims from outside the U.S. described some five years ago as located in Texas from April 2004 through January 2006--and that calculation did not account for U.S. citizen-victims. We did not find an estimate of the share of the world’s trafficking victims located in Texas, though the 2012 U.N. estimate seems to show that Texas is not home to a huge share; victims are more prevalent in Asia and Africa than in the developed world, the report said. All told, this  shakes out as  and . !  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The United States is the only nation "that grants legal permanent residency to more than a million people per year.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: November 13, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: immigration;legal issues
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: "No other country admits nearly as many immigrants as the United States over long periods," Warren said.   Our rating Johnson said the United States is the only nation "that grants legal permanent residency to more than a million people per year." Though other countries have undertaken initiatives to grant permanent residency to more immigrants in recent years, those totals remain below the U.S.    The U.S. is still the top country in number of permanent residencies it grants, topping 1.1 million in 2017, the most recent year available. We rate Johnson’s  .
Statement: Says Michelle Obama said, "Vote Democrat or the riots and violence will continue.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 21, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: He wants all our kids to grow up with leaders who won’t just serve themselves and their wealthy peers but will provide a safety net for people facing hard times." "If we want a chance to pursue any of these goals, any of these most basic requirements for a functioning society," Obama said, "we have to vote for Joe Biden in numbers that cannot be ignored." That’s a far cry from the statement attributed to Obama in the Facebook post.  Searching for the quote online, we only found other social media posts — no news reports or original sources corroborating this attribution. Looking in the Nexis news archive, there were no articles or news broadcasts relating that Obama said this.   We rate this Facebook post .