chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Chris Christie told Donald Trump to interrupt Joe Biden during the debate because "people who overcome stuttering have a harder time maintaining their train of thought when interrupted. Keep interrupting him and he'll stumble when he tries to speak. This will enforce the 'senile' narrative.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 3, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We found multiple social media posts sharing the statement, but nothing to corroborate them.   On ABC News after the presidential debate on Sept. 29, Christie said the plan was for Trump to be aggressive but that it was "hotter than it was planned to be" and that he could "potentially turn that heat down" going forward. Christie also addressed Biden’s performance, and he said that he thought Trump’s interruptions "saved him" at times when Biden was "not seeming on the ball, getting numbers , wandering in mid-sentence, not being able to finish thoughts." Still, there’s no record of Christie giving the advice that we could only trace to posts on social media and an online forum. Without  to support this , we rate it .
Statement: Last year, (Bill McCollum) spent more than $2.2 million dollars to produce and air campaign-style TV ads where you were featured in almost every frame.
Speaker: florida democratic party
About the speaker: the Florida affiliate of the Democratic Party.
Date: May 18, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: children;crime;technology
Context: an e-mail message
Fact-check justification: The rest was spent as follows:   We should note that McCollum took heat for awarding the project to Mottola, his former political consultant, in a no-bid contract. The program was funded through settlements obtained by the AG's office, Copes said. No general revenue dollars were used. So the Florida Democratic Party said that McCollum spent "more than $2.2 million dollars to produce and air campaign-style TV ads" and McCollum was "featured in almost every frame." McCollum's office spent just under $2.2 million for the ad, but the ubiquity of the AG's mug checked out and so we rule this statement .
Statement: Gov. Rick Scott "backed the federal shutdown.
Speaker: florida democratic party
About the speaker: the Florida affiliate of the Democratic Party.
Date: December 11, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: federal budget
Context: an online video
Fact-check justification: The Florida Democratic Party said that Scott "backed the federal shutdown." Scott used the October shutdown as an opportunity to tout the state’s fiscal management and wag his finger at Obama. But a review of Scott’s statements about the shutdown shows that he dodged taking a clear stand favoring or opposing the shutdown itself. We rate this  .
Statement: Halyna Huchins' next project was documentary on Hollywood pedophile rings.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 24, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: There is no more information there than what appears in the post until you click on the site’s "About" page .   "Prank news website," it says. "Purpose of this website is fun. It should be used for joking with your friends. "  We rate this  .
Statement: Video shows Elon Musk endorsing "an anti-aging remedy.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 8, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The footage in the video comes from an April 2022 interview Musk gave while appearing at the TED2022 conference. He didn’t mention shilajit, a tarlike substance found in Himalayan mountain rocks that has been used in traditional, Eastern and Ayurvedic medicine in India and Nepal, according to the Cleveland Clinic . A TikTok account promoting an app to alter videos "where you can make any celebrity say anything" includes other posts with the same footage of Musk appearing to say things that he didn’t. Among them: that Musk loves Angelina Jolie , that he’s "starting to sell the first tickets to Mars" and that Apple CEO Tim Cook "pissed me off."      We rate claims that this is an authentic video of Musk .
Statement: Ralph Hall has never voted to raise the debt ceiling.
Speaker: catpac
About the speaker: The Conservatives Acting Together PAC is listed with a Dallas address on the Federal Election Commission's website. A May 21, 2012, Texas Tribune news story said the PAC had spent $113,646 on ads supporting former Railroad Commission chair Michael Williams' bid for Congress.
Date: March 10, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: debt;federal budget;voting record
Context: a campaign mail flier
Fact-check justification: The PAC said, "Ralph Hall has never voted to raise the debt ceiling." We didn’t have to look further than the votes cited by his opponent’s campaign to find six instances from 1986 through 2005 in which Hall backed debt-limit increases. We rate this  as .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The chairman of Virginia's Republican Party made a "shockingly racist post" about Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin.
Speaker: occupy democrats
About the speaker: Occupy Democrats, founded in 2012, is an advocacy group created to counterbalance the Republican tea party, and to "give President Obama and other progressive Democrats a Congress that will work with them to grow the economy, create jobs, promote fairness and fight inequality, and get money out of politics!"
Date: April 8, 2022
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;facebook fact-checks;virginia
Context: a Twitter post
Fact-check justification: A tweet from Occupy Democrats pointed to the chairman of Virginia’s Republican Party as the one who authored a racist post about Austin and Honoré. The racist post was real, but it was made by the chairman of the Electoral Board in Hampton, Virginia, not the state’s GOP.   We rate this  . UPDATE, April 12 at 5p.m.:   We updated this fact-check shortly after publication with a tweet addressing the Occupy Democrats  from the Virginia GOP.
Statement: Video shows "breaking news" because "President Trump just dropped a bombshell!!!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 11, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: This post was flagged as part of Meta’s efforts to combat  news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Meta , which owns Facebook and Instagram.) The video was taken in November 2022, when Trump spoke at an America First Policy Institute event . During his remarks, he responded to the Justice Department’s appointment of a special counsel to investigate him in connection with classified documents. We rate claims that this is a recent video showing Trump breaking news .
Statement: Today, the five largest financial institutions are 38 percent bigger than they were back in 2008, when they were too big to fail.
Speaker: elizabeth warren
About the speaker: Elizabeth Warren is a senator from Massachusetts. Warren was elected to the Senate in 2012 and was re-elected in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024. Warren received a bachelor’s degree in speech pathology and audiology from the University of Houston and a J.D. from Rutgers Law School. In 2019, she announced her race for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out March 5, 2020.
Date: May 19, 2014
Location: national
Topics: economy;financial regulation;government regulation
Context: an interview on "PBS Newshour"
Fact-check justification: Warren said, "the five largest financial institutions are 38 percent bigger than they were back in 2008, when they were too big to fail." Without fully understanding where her math was coming from, we had to find our own way to measure this. One way seemed to back her up in a narrowly defined time frame. A different method produced a lower number, though the trend is the same. Our experts took some issue with her loose characterization of "too big too fail" and some of the context she left out. But her underlying point is largely accurate. We rate her comment .
Statement: I voted with Trump on trade.
Speaker: tim ryan
About the speaker: Tim Ryan is a representative of Ohio’s 13th Congressional District. Ryan served the state’s 17th Congressional District from 2003 until 2013, when he assumed office to represent the 13th District. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president. In 2022, he is running for an Ohio U.S. Senate seat.
Date: September 27, 2022
Location: national
Topics: ohio;congress;trade
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Ryan said that he voted with Trump on trade. His vote supporting the USMCA speaks to that. Trump often spoke against free trade agreements. And before Trump took office, Ryan consistently voted against free trade bills. Outside of his voting record, Ryan backed Trump’s use of tariffs against China and Russia, but opposed them when Trump applied the tariffs to U.S. allies in Europe. He warned that without more-targeted tariffs, Americans would be worse off. Research later determined that American earnings and employment suffered under Trump’s trade war. The statement in Ryan’s ad is accurate, but it leaves out worthwhile context. We rate this  .
Statement: Germany "is crime-riddled right now" because of migration to Europe.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 4, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration;criminal justice;human rights;crime;public safety
Context: an interview with NBC News
Fact-check justification: Trump said Germany "is crime-riddled right now" because of migration to Europe. There are more criminal acts in Germany these days because there are more people, thanks to the influx of 1.1 million refugees in 2015 alone. But the data suggest that the refugees tend to be better-behaved than the typical German. Even if you presume that refugee-related crime is underreported for political reasons, we could find no  in German media reports that the country warrants Trump's riddled-with-crime characterization. Because his statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, we rate it Meist Falsch — . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/de3b3f76-de96-4103-8010-4a5d036cb6f6
Statement: In West Virginia, "personal income tax collections (were) up 14% from 2017.
Speaker: david mckinley
About the speaker: David McKinley is a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from West Virginia.
Date: August 14, 2018
Location: west virginia
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: McKinley wrote that in West Virginia, "personal income tax collections (were) up 14% from 2017." That’s correct when you compare income tax collections in July 2018 to July 2017. It’s also the third-largest July-to-July improvement since 2001. We rate the statement .
Statement: Female student-athletes in Florida need to provide their schools with detailed information about their periods.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: January 25, 2023
Location: florida
Topics: corrections and updates;sports;women
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: A Twitter post claims that female student athletes in Florida "need to provide their schools with detailed information about their periods." This lacks important context. A state committee has recommended that students submit the information, but the proposal has not been voted on or implemented. The Florida High School Athletic Association’s board of directors will consider the proposal at the end of February.  The questions about menstrual history are already included on required forms but are marked optional.  The statement is partially accurate. Female athletes are already being asked these questions, and a proposal is on the table to make answering them mandatory. But the  omits that the requirement hasn’t been implemented and that the questions, although currently optional, aren’t new.  We rate it .
Statement: Italy "went against the WHO's 'law'" against COVID-19 autopsies and "discovered covid is not a virus, but a bacterium" that "clots the blood and reduces the oxygen saturation.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 26, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A social media post claimed that Italy found that COVID-19 is an easily treatable bacteria when it went against WHO’s guidelines and performed an "illegal" autopsy.  COVID-19’s cause has been extensively studied and identified as a virus, and the WHO never discouraged autopsies of patients who died from COVID-19. We rate this .
Statement: Half of illegal immigrants "come on legal visas and then overstay.
Speaker: ken cuccinelli
About the speaker: Ken Cuccinelli became acting director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services on June 10, 2019. Cuccinelli, a Republican, was Virginia's attorney general from 2010 to 2014. In 2013, he lost the general election for governor to Democrat Terry McAuliffe. In 2016, he was a adisver to the presidential campaign of Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas.
Born in 1968, Cuccinelli has a B.S. in mechanical engineering from the University of Virginia, a J.D. from Geroge Mason University School of Law and an M.A. in International Commerce and Policy from George Mason University.
He represented Fairfax County in the state senate from 2002 to 2010.
 
 
 
 
.
Date: May 2, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: immigration
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Cuccinelli said half of illegal immigrants "come on legal visas and then overstay." This widely cited statistic stems from an estimate based on research going back to the 1990s. The federal government hasn’t provided updated statistics on overstayed visas, and subsequent research has focused on adapting the old data to new trends. Estimates in those reports have ranged from 27 percent to 58 percent of illegal immigrants overstaying their visas. So Cuccinelli is using what research shows to be a plausible figure. But he would be more accurate to refer to it as an estimate rather than a fact. We rate his statement .
Statement: End of eviction moratorium means "millions of Americans" could lose their housing in the middle of a pandemic.
Speaker: mark pocan
About the speaker: Mark Pocan was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2nd Congressional District on Nov. 6, 2012. He is from Madison and previously served as a Democratic member of the Wisconsin state Assembly. 
Date: August 27, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: families;housing;supreme court
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Pocan said the end of the eviction moratorium means "millions of Americans" could lose their housing in the middle of a pandemic." The U.S. Census Bureau’s weekly Household Pulse Survey found that 3,511,056 respondents are facing the "likelihood" of eviction in the next two months. Several media reports also noted that the threat of homelessness could impact millions as the U.S. Supreme Court ended the pandemic-related federal moratorium. However, there are a few states that have implemented eviction moratoriums at the state level. Wisconsin is not one of those  states. For a statement that is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing, our rating is .   window.gciAnalyticsUAID = 'PMJS-TEALIUM-COBRAND';
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Statement: Says new EPA water regulations would force the state to make drainage canals every bit as clean as pristine Florida river systems.
Speaker: free market florida
About the speaker: Free Market Florida is a group led by Ryan Houck that is fighting EPA proposed water quality standards for Florida.
Date: March 1, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: environment;water
Context: a web video
Fact-check justification: We hope we didn't lose you in explaining these complicated requirements, and how they match up to the  in Free Market Florida's ad. After weeks of studying this issue, we are more convinced than ever just how complicated the proposed rules to regulate Florida's water systems are. The bottom line is Free Market Florida contends that man-made drainage canals will have to meet the same standards as pristine Florida river systems like the Wekiva River in Central Florida. As the regulations stand now, it appears that drainage canals designated as Class III waters in Central Florida would have to meet the same numeric nutrient standards as the Wekiva River. But there are several caveats that could impact the validity of that . For one, rules haven't been implemented for South Florida (home to the many drainage canals). Two, all drainage canals wouldn't have to meet the water quality standards of the Wekiva, just the ones in the geographic area. Three, the state is proposing a change to the rules that could exempt many of the state's drainage canals. And four, the EPA also says it could exempt individual drainage canals based on scientific study. Houck said his group made sure the drainage canal they showed is in the same region as the Wekiva, which in his mind explains away the first two caveats. The third and fourth caveats are possible changes that are not a sure thing. Where does this all leave us? Houck and his group are largely right based on all the  we reviewed. We wish he would have explained a little more of the nuance in the video, but we also are realists. We rate his  .
Statement: In Wisconsin, there are approximately 70,000 absentee ballots that do not have matching ballot applications as required by law.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: December 2, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;states
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Trump claims in his speech (and a lawsuit) that "70,000 absentee ballots that do not have matching ballot applications as required by law." Every part of this is . Trump was actually referring to a group of 170,000 votes, not 70,000. And that group of in-person absentee voters did indeed fill out an application in order to cast their ballot. It was part of the ballot certificate on the envelope, but that doesn’t make it any less valid since state statute doesn’t specify the nature of that application. It’s the same approach that’s been used without issue in Wisconsin elections since 2010 — including the 2016 presidential contest that Trump won. We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: Says "people who come to" their dissent actions "get a 'cease and desist' letter" from Ron Johnson's office.
Speaker: citizen action of wisconsin
About the speaker: Milwaukee-based Citizen Action of Wisconsin describes itself as an “issue-focused coalition of individuals and organizations committed to achieving social, economic and environmental justice.”
Date: February 28, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: civil rights;health care;polls and public opinion
Context: a website posting
Fact-check justification: Despite the broadness of the , the group produced a cease-and-desist letter written to only one person who it says has been involved in Citizen Action initiatives such as preserving the Affordable Care Act. The letter demands that the man stop visiting or calling any of Johnson’s staff or offices, but says written communications will be received. And Johnson’s staff says it issued the letter, on the advice of the U.S. Capitol Police, because the man had been harassing and threatening to staff, not because he protested any of Johnson’s actions. We rate the statement . Editor's note: Four days after this fact check was published, Citizen Action posted an apology about its  against Johnson.
Statement: 80% of black men in Atlanta are Homosexuals, study says
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: January 7, 2016
Location: georgia
Topics: fake news
Context: blog post
Fact-check justification: Fellow fact-checkers at Snopes.com in February 2016 deemed as  claims that a study found that 80 percent of black men in Georgia were gay. The story debunked by Snopes in 2016 is the same one that has resurfaced on Viralactions.com. Viralactions.com published a story claiming 80 percent of black men in Atlanta are gay, citing a nonexistent Georgia State University study. The  has circulated for years on websites sharing  news. We rate viralactions.com’s post .
Statement: Says he's been Wisconsin secretary of state "around 25 years.
Speaker: doug la follette
About the speaker: Madison Democrat Doug La Follette was first elected Wisconsin secretary of state in 1974. He served one four-year term, ran unsuccessfully for lieutenant governor, and then was elected again to the post in 1982. He has held the secretary of state position since then. He is seeking re-election in 2018.
Date: July 18, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: It looks like it is more like 40 years; let me say, time flies when you’re having fun. Thanks for calling this to my attention." Our rating La Follette says he’s been Wisconsin secretary of state "around 25 years." He’s held the job for a total of nearly 40 years. We rate his statement .