chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: In Virginia, "Medicaid has grown by 1,600 percent in the last 30 years.
Speaker: william howell
About the speaker: William Howell, R-Falmouth, represents the 28th District, which is comprised of parts of Fredericksburg and Stafford County, in the Virginia House of Delegates. He was first elected as a delegate in 1987 and was named speaker of the house in 2003.
He earned a bachelor's degree in business administration from the University of Richmond and a law degree from the University of Virginia. He is a former director of the Virginia Chamber of Commerce and former president of the Fredericksburg Regional Chamber of Commerce.
Date: January 5, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: medicaid;state budget
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: Howell said the cost of Medicaid in Virginia "has grown by 1,600 percent over the last 30 years." We find no reason to quibble. The Speaker accurately cited budget figures kept by the House Appropriations Committee, a source that many around the Capitol -- including PolitiFact Virginia -- turn to for reliable data. We rate his statement .
Statement: When the price for oil goes up on the markets, it goes right up, but it never goes down.
Speaker: charles schumer
About the speaker: Charles Schumer is a Democratic senator from New York and the Senate majority leader.
Date: July 23, 2017
Location: national
Topics: economy;energy
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Schumer said, "When the price for oil goes up on the markets, it goes right up, but it never goes down." This comment takes a well-known phenomenon and  it beyond recognition. While experts agree that prices tend to go up quickly after a market shock but usually come down more slowly once the shock is resolved, this phenomenon only occurs on a short-term basis -- a couple of weeks in most cases. Long-term data show long stretches since the mid 1970s when the inflation-adjusted price of gasoline and crude oil have fallen. We rate the statement .
Statement: Michelle Nunn "spent most of her childhood" in Perry, Ga.
Speaker: michelle nunn
About the speaker: Michelle Nunn was the chief executive officer of the Points of Light Foundation, a charitable organization. She is the daughter of former U.S. Sen. Sam Nunn, a Democrat from Georgia. Michelle Nunn is running for the U.S. Senate as a Democrat.
Date: September 13, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: elections
Context: a fundraiser invitation
Fact-check justification: And the facts are clear: Nunn spent 12 of those years living outside of Georgia. Even accounting for summer vacations and holidays, any  that she spent "most" of her childhood here is inconsistent with the facts. Nunn’s campaign admits it made a  with its statement, and there are multiple instances of her acknowledging her move from Georgia. Nunn did spend part of her childhood in Georgia, but certainly not most of it. We rate the invitation  .
Statement: Says "the latest polls show us tied neck-and-neck" with Sen. Ted Cruz.
Speaker: beto o'rourke
About the speaker: Beto O’Rourke is a former representative of Texas’s 16th Congressional District. He represented the district from 2013 until 2019, when he gave up his seat to run a senate campaign against incumbent Ted Cruz, which O’Rourke lost. He received a bachelor’s degree in English literature from Columbia University. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: August 10, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: polls and public opinion
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: O’Rourke said "the latest polls show us tied neck-and-neck" with Cruz. An April 2017 poll showed a 30 percent-30 percent race though a plurality of registered voters indicated they didn’t know enough to commit either way and the poll folded in too many Democrats. O’Rourke didn’t identify any other poll of the match-up nor did we find one. We rate this  .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: I helped to bring peace to Northern Ireland.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: March 5, 2008
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: an interview on CNN's "American Morning."
Fact-check justification: Clinton claimed that she "helped to bring peace to Northern Ireland." That's the kind of thing that Mitchell, Hume or Trimble could accurately say. But based on our interviews and research, it's a stretch for Clinton to say so. Although she played a role, especially with women in Northern Ireland, her statement leaves the impression that she was more involved than she was. We find her statement to be .
Statement: Fluctuating Georgia U.S. Senate runoff vote count is evidence of election fraud.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: December 7, 2022
Location: georgia
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Meta , which owns Facebook and Instagram.) Lauren Easton, a spokesperson for The Associated Press, told PolitiFact that "human error caused us to provide , overstated numbers for Herschel Walker for less than a minute on Tuesday night. As soon as we saw the , we quickly returned to providing the numbers reported by the state. "  Unofficial election results on the Georgia secretary of state’s website show Warnock won the election with 1,816,096 votes, or 51.37%. We rate claims that the fluctuating vote count on Georgia Public Broadcasting’s website is  of election fraud .
Statement: The Senate health care bill does not contain limits on medical malpractice lawsuits.
Speaker: mitch mcconnell
About the speaker: Mitch McConnell is a U.S. Senator from Kentucky and the Republican minority leader in the U.S. Senate.
Date: December 1, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a floor speech
Fact-check justification: The Senate bill includes nonbinding "sense of the Senate" language on page 1,858 that "states should be encouraged to develop and test alternatives to the existing civil litigation system as a way of improving patient safety, reducing medical errors, encouraging the efficient resolution of disputes ... while preserving an individual's right to seek redress in court."    The House bill establishes an incentive for states to adopt alternatives to traditional malpractice lawsuits, but those proposals cannot include provisions to limit attorney fees or impose caps on damages. So, back to McConnell's . He said that the Senate bill does not include limits on medical malpractice litigation, and he is clearly correct. We rate his  .
Statement: A test last month at the MAX station at 162nd Avenue and East Burnside saw crime down 41 percent compared with December 2009
Speaker: jefferson smith
About the speaker: Jefferson Smith represents Oregon State House District 47.  He is a native of east Portland, the district he represents.
Date: January 13, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: crime;transportation
Context: The Oregonian
Fact-check justification: If it actually helps reduce crime at light-rail stations, that’s great, but we’re not weighing in on that broader question. Our focus is on the recent test. In an interview with PolitiFact Oregon, Smith said he may have used the two terms -- "crime" and "service calls" -- interchangeably when talking to Cole, inaccurately conflating the two. We rate the   -- accurate but needing just a little bit of clarification. Comment on this item.
Statement: Figures for September 2014's job growth in Wisconsin mark the "largest private-sector job creation we've had in the month of September in more than a decade
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: October 17, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: But here we are simply rating what Walker said; the -O-Meter does not have a hypocrisy setting. Our rating Walker claims that the September report which showed an increase of 8,400 jobs was the best in the past 10 years for that month. That stacks up. And a BLS official says the approach is legitimate, with the caveat the latest year is preliminary. Thus, we rate the  .
Statement: It is wrong for the average federal worker today to make more than $100,000 while the average private-sector worker makes less than $70,000.
Speaker: mike keown
About the speaker: Mike Keown is a Republican candidate for Georgia's 2nd Congressional District
Date: August 12, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: federal budget
Context: his campaign Web site
Fact-check justification: The articles do not indicate whether some factors, such as the high cost of living in the Washington, D.C. area, where many federal employees work, were considered. National Treasury Employees Union President Colleen Kelley was quoted in USA Today in March as saying any comparison between federal and private-sector employees is faulty because it "compares apples and oranges." The BEA notes many factors need to be considered when comparing pay and benefits of federal employees to private-sector workers. The statement on Keown's Web site does not mention those factors. Therefore, we rate Keown's statement as .
Statement: The last Christians are about to leave" Iraq.
Speaker: ron paul
About the speaker: Ron Paul, a Texas physician, served two stints in the U.S. House. He also was the Libertarian Party nominee for president in 1988 before later seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012. He didn't seek re-election to the House in 2012.
Date: January 20, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: iraq;religion
Context: an interview on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: The report says that out of approximately 1.4 million Christians estimated to live in Iraq in 2003, only about 500,000 remain. So, the number of Christians in Iraq has dropped significantly since 2003, but hundreds of thousands remain in that country. Paul is a prominent congressman whose utterances are widely reported. His  that the last Christians are about to depart is not just hyperbole but . We rate his statement .
Statement: Milwaukee County Sheriff David A. Clarke Jr. advised citizens to "point that barrel center mass and pull the trigger" because "911 is not our best option.
Speaker: greater wisconsin committee
About the speaker: The Greater Wisconsin Committee is a liberal group active in Wisconsin state politics, from legislative races to statewide offices. It receives money from a variety of sources, including labor unions. Its campaign ads are typically done through the Greater Wisconsin Political Fund.
Date: August 5, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice;legal issues;crime;guns
Context: a campaign TV ad
Fact-check justification: Clarke said he suspected the ad twisted his remarks, but he couldn’t recall the specific context of his comments in the interview cited in the ad, and he offered no specific criticisms. "My position is clear," Clarke said. Our rating A Greater Wisconsin Committee ad said Sheriff David Clarke advised citizens to "point that barrel center mass and pull the trigger" because "911 is not our best option." Clarke did just that in an interview, and made similar comments in an earlier radio spot and in comments to PolitiFact Wisconsin. We rate the  .
Statement: Obama "shunned the opportunity to talk to soldiers to thank them for their service.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: July 22, 2008
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: a chain e-mail
Fact-check justification: The Army Times reported that it corresponded with Porter, who asked them to "delete my e-mail and not forward it [because] after checking my sources some of the information that was put out in my e-mail was . This e-mail was meant only for my family." The
New York Daily News reported a similar exchange but did not identify the e-mail author by name. But because the military directly and unequivocally contradicted the most damaging allegations at issue — that Obama shunned troops on various occasions, including on his way to a photo opportunity on the basketball court — we rule this  .
Statement: Bruce Rauner is of record that he will fully support the Trump candidacy. It's documented. It's available.
Speaker: michael madigan
About the speaker: Attorney; born April 19, 1942, in Chicago; graduate of the University of Notre Dame and Loyola University Law School; House Majority Leader, 80th and 81st General Assemblies; House Minority Leader, 82nd and 89th General Assemblies; Speaker of the House, 83rd to 88th General Assemblies and 90th to 98th General Assemblies; married (wife, Shirley), has three daughters, one son, and three granddaughters.
 
Date: August 1, 2016
Location: illinois
Topics: elections
Context: Interview with WSIU and WBBM, published Aug. 1.
Fact-check justification: "Bruce Rauner is of record that he will fully support the Trump candidacy. It's documented. It’s available."  Madigan is correct. In March, Rauner said he would fully support the Republican presidential nominee. When asked by a reporter if he would still support the nominee if it’s Trump, Rauner reiterated his earlier statement, saying: "I will support the Republican Party’s nominee." But Madigan does not reference any of Rauner’s subsequent comments, including Rauner’s refusal to formally endorse Trump. We rate this   .
Statement: The CDC was "normalizing blood clots" by tweeting about the health condition before the Super Bowl.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 12, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post expressing skepticism about the safety of the COVID-19 vaccines claimed the CDC was "normalizing blood clots"  by tweeting about it before the Super Bowl. Blood clots are common and can kill up to 100,000 Americans a year. The CDC has previously tweeted about the dangers of blood clots, including during the 2016 NCAA college basketball tournament. The Johnson & Johnson vaccine has been linked to rare cases of TTS, and the CDC said people should get the Pfizer and Moderna instead. Another vaccine from AstraZeneca, which has not been authorized for use in the U.S., has been linked to a separate, rare clotting disorder. Meanwhile, people are at risk of developing blood clots from the COVID-19 infection itself, which causes inflammation in the body.  The post is  to suggest that the CDC’s warning about blood clots is a new thing and that it’s somehow tied to COVID-19 vaccines.  We rate this  .
Statement: As we near the 10th anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, we should not forget that some of the hijackers used New Jersey driver's licenses to board those aircraft.
Speaker: kevin o'toole
About the speaker: Kevin O'Toole is a Republican state Senator representing parts of Bergen, Essex, Morris and Passaic counties.
Date: August 21, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: terrorism;transportation
Context: the Times of Trenton
Fact-check justification: To back up his point, the senator provided various sources, some of which had a conservative bias and/or were published before the 9/11 Commission completed its investigation. But the  has been refuted by research done by the FBI and the 9/11 Commission. The 9/11 hijackers obtained driver’s licenses and state identification cards from five states, but New Jersey wasn’t one of them. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: In the American Rescue Plan, "just about 1% of the money is for vaccines.
Speaker: mitch mcconnell
About the speaker: Mitch McConnell is a U.S. Senator from Kentucky and the Republican minority leader in the U.S. Senate.
Date: February 24, 2021
Location: national
Topics: economy;federal budget;coronavirus
Context: a Senate floor speech
Fact-check justification: McConnell said that in the American Rescue Plan, "just about 1% of the money is for vaccines." Based on Democratic figures of either $14 billion or $20 billion for vaccines, and a $1.9 trillion overall price tag, the math is about right. The American Rescue Plan spends much more on the financial damage caused by the virus than on its health aspects alone, and McConnell picked a way to minimize the health-related spending. The statistic omits a much greater amount of spending on overall efforts to contain the pandemic. That ranges from about $100 billion to $160 billion, or between 5% and 8% of the bill’s total cost. His statement is accurate, but needs additional information. That’s our definition of .
Statement: ISIS is "now the predominant Islamist group in Benghazi.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: February 13, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: foreign policy;terrorism
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Rubio said ISIS is "now the predominant Islamist group in Benghazi." While there are myriad militias, radical militants, armed groups and even multiple governments in Libya, Islamic State’s footprint is still relatively small. Besides some activity in pockets across the country, the group holds sway in Derna, but not so much in Benghazi, experts say. There, the Islamist group Ansar al-Sharia has been most visible among radicalized factions. Some reports say the group has formed an alliance with ISIS, but researchers dispute that, though some Ansar al-Sharia members almost certainly have defected. Experts also say the situation is fluid, which provides Rubio some additional, albeit small, amount of cover. His statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: A federal system that verifies employees are authorized to work in the U.S. is inaccurate "anywhere from 50 percent all the way up to in excess of 80" percent of the time.
Speaker: david raynor
About the speaker: David Raynor is a lobbyist for the Georgia Chamber of Commerce
Date: February 8, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: immigration
Context: a state legislative committee meeting
Fact-check justification: But his suggestion the error rate ranges between 50 and 80 percent was too high. E-Verify’s worst error rate -- for illegal workers --  is high, but it’s still well below what Raynor suggested. For all workers, it shrinks to 2.3 to 5.7 percent. While Raynor’s main point was correct, he was  on important details about E-Verify’s overall accuracy. We therefore rule his statement .
Statement: The number of illegal immigrants "could be 3 million. It could be 30 million.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 31, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: Phoenix, Ariz
Fact-check justification: Trump said the number of illegal immigrants "could be 3 million. It could be 30 million." Both figures are not within the range of possibility. Every credible estimate we found was in the 11 million range, with a margin of error of around 1 million. The figure has "always" been 11 million, in recent years, because of the flow of undocumented immigrants in and out of the United States. We rate Trump’s  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/5f092ad0-100c-401f-9889-8d20315c3522
Statement: Barack Obama promises higher taxes on "the sale of your home.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: August 8, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: Neither McCain nor Obama have proposed changing this exemption. Most home sales under Obama's plan would also be taxed at 0 percent, unless, as we explained, profits on the home sale are more than $250,000 for a single person or $500,000 for couples. To present this detail of Obama's plan as wholesale tax increase on home sales is deceptive. Obama promises no such thing. We rule this statement .
Statement: The financial services bill will end "too-big-to-fail.
Speaker: sherrod brown
About the speaker: Sherrod Brown is a Democratic U.S. Senator representing Ohio. He won his first elected office to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1974. He later served as Ohio secretary of state and was elected to Congress in 1992. He first joined the U.S. Senate in 2007.
Date: April 25, 2010
Location: national
Topics: consumer safety;economy;financial regulation;regulation;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on ABC's This Week
Fact-check justification: The argument that the bill as currently written will end bailouts and "too big to fail" is certainly one that holds political value for Democrats, and it's fair to say that that's the intention of the legislation. Presumably, that's why Brown, Goolsbee, Reid and other Democrats have continued to make that argument. However, it's an exaggeration to say that the bill would put an "end" to future bailouts. Short of, say, passing a constitutional amendment ruling out bailouts, any future Congress or administration would be able to act as conditions demanded, even after passage of this bill. So we rate Brown's statement .