chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: CA inmate pregnant after being forced to share prison with transgender 'woman.'
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 10, 2021
Location: california
Topics: criminal justice;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Housing placement is decided on a case-by-case basis using a screening tool and considering "all case factors. "  In April, the Los Angeles Times reported that there had been 261 requests for transfers since the legislation took effect and 21 gender-based housing requests had at that point been approved. One incarcerated woman told the paper that guards warned them "men are coming" and to expect sexual violence. "Although advocates and inmates say the transfers have been received well, several  that misinformation spread by prison staffers is stirring up transphobia and that more must be done to educate inmates," the story says. We rate this post .
Statement: Says "if you are shot in the city of Newark, you have over an 80 percent chance that you've been arrested before an average of 10 times.
Speaker: cory booker
About the speaker: Cory Booker is a senator from New Jersey. He was first elected to the Senate in 2013, making him the first African-American senator from New Jersey and the first African-American elected to the Senate since Barack Obama in 2004. Booker served as mayor of Newark from 2006 until 2013. He has a bachelor's degree in political science and a master’s degree in sociology from Stanford University, an honors degree in United States history from The Queens College as a Rhodes Scholar and a J.D. from Yale Law School. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president and suspended his campaign in January 2020.
Date: October 13, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: criminal justice;crime;guns
Context: a radio interview on WBGO’s “Newark Today”
Fact-check justification: Booker said "if you are shot in the city of Newark, you have over an 80 percent chance that you've been arrested before an average of 10 times." The mayor should have said shot and killed, but the rest of his statistic is on point -- and backed by the research of a Rutgers-Newark criminal justice professor. We rate his statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: As the usage [of synthetic marijuana] has dramatically increased, instances of violence, bodily harm and even death have risen with it.
Speaker: nathan deal
About the speaker: Nathan Deal is running for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: March 27, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: drugs;marijuana
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Some  suggests that deaths have risen, too. The link between the drug and violence is less clear. News accounts suggest there is an increase in both, but we found so few cases it’s hard to tell. Deal’s statement could use clarification. Still, it earns a .
Statement: Says that when he was governor of Utah, he worked with the state Legislature to create a flat tax that "cut income taxes by 30 percent.
Speaker: jon huntsman
About the speaker: Jon Huntsman was the governor of Utah from 2005 to 2009. He served as ambassador to China from 2009 to 2011. He is a Republican candidate for president in 2012. 
Date: July 4, 2011
Location: national
Topics: new hampshire 2012;taxes
Context: Belmont, N.H.
Fact-check justification: Huntsman said he passed a flat tax and "cut income taxes by 30 percent." On the flat tax question, the changes under Huntsman certainly made it a flatter tax than the one it replaced, since the changes he oversaw combined several tax brackets into one. But the tax remains more complicated to calculate than a pure flat tax would be. In fact, Utah’s system of tax credits make the tax somewhat progressive in practice, which is something a  flat tax would not be. Meanwhile, Huntsman’s 30 percent  is more . It’s  that the statutory rates in the top bracket declined by almost that much, but the actual reduction in tax dollars paid was far smaller for the overwhelming majority of taxpayers -- usually less than 1 percent of a taxpayer’s adjusted gross income. We think most people hearing Huntsman's comment would believe he was touting a 30 percent cut in what people actually pay at tax time, and the numbers aren’t close to that. So we rate his  .
Statement: Video shows a girl hitting former Vice President Mike Pence in the head with a water balloon.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 14, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Please do not be offended. All those who march, including me, do so at their peril and are fair game. I had fun even if I got a little wet!" CBS News reported that thousands of people lined the parade route "armed with American flags and coolers filled with thousands of water balloons. "  We rate claims that this video shows Pence .
Statement: Nevada is No. 1 in unemployment, violent crime, car theft, divorce, robberies and foreclosures.
Speaker: no casinos
About the speaker: No Casinos is a group that opposes the expansion of gambling.
Date: January 19, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: economy;gambling;crime
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: No Casinos said Nevada is No. 1 in unemployment, violent crime, car theft, divorce, robberies and foreclosures. Nevada is at the top for unemployment, divorce and foreclosures. Based on 2009 data, Nevada was at the top for the crime measures, but 2010 data showed the state was near the top, but not no. 1.  We rate this  .
Statement: Says the U.S. fleet of attack submarines is scheduled to fall below the 48 boats that Navy says it needs to carry out current missions.
Speaker: randy forbes
About the speaker: Randy Forbes is from Chesapeake and represents Virginia's Fourth District in Congress. He was first elected to the House of Representatives in 2001. He serves on the Judiciary Committee and the Armed Services Committee, where he is chairman of the Seapower and Projection Forces Subcommittee.
Forbes previously served in Virginia's House of Delegates from 1989 to 1997 and in the State Senate from 1997 to 2001. He also was chairman of the Republican Party of Virginia from 1996 to 2001.
Forbes received a bachelor's degree from Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, in 1974, and a law degree from the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, in 1977.
Date: April 9, 2013
Location: virginia
Topics: federal budget;military
Context: a column
Fact-check justification: Forbes wrote that the nation’s fleet of attack submarines is scheduled, in less than a decade, to fall below the 48 boats the Navy says it needs to carry out current missions. The congressman accurately cited the best information that was available when his column was published on April 9. Since then, the Navy has issued new projections that say the fleet won’t fall below 48 SSNs until 2025. We don’t fault Forbes for not knowing information that wasn’t available at the time. We rate his statement .
Statement: Florida "unemployment has dropped more than 2 percentage points, down from 12 percent to 9.9 percent, the second-largest drop in the nation.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: February 11, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a speech at the CPAC conference
Fact-check justification: We should note that Florida’s rate has dropped the second-most because the state’s unemployment rate has been one of the highest in the nation. And even with the 2.1 percentage point decrease, Florida still has the fifth-highest unemployment rate in the country. (Nevada is No. 1.) That mitigates the significance of Scott's  but not the veracity of it. We rate his statement .
Statement: Delta Airlines is offering free airline tickets for people who take a short survey
Speaker: delta-flying.info
About the speaker: Delta-flying.info is a phishing website.
Date: March 12, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a story
Fact-check justification: .... If you are ever in any doubt as to whether a special offer on Facebook is genuine or not, visit the company’s real website to see if they mention the competition there – or whether they are warning of a scam." Delta spokeswoman Kate Modolo pointed to this page on Delta.com where legitimate offers from the airline are located. The story that said Delta Airlines offers free airline tickets for people who take a short survey is a scam. We rate this story .
Statement: Chained CPI would save $1 trillion in the second decade off the federal budget debt," a report shows.
Speaker: david brooks
About the speaker: David Brooks is a columnist for the New York Times.
Date: February 23, 2014
Topics: economy;federal budget;medicare;social security;punditfact
Context: comments on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Brooks said that using the chained CPI would reduce U.S. debt by $1 trillion in the period of 11 to 20 years from now. That number did not come from the Congressional Budget Office, the one government body that members of both parties count on for impartial long-term projections. Also, the chained CPI estimate Brooks cited goes beyond what Obama proposed last year. In 2013, the president exempted programs for low-income people and offered extra payments for Social Security recipients who had been on the rolls a long time. Those caveats would bring down the savings, no matter what the real number is. We rate Brooks’ statement .
Statement: Every time they've done those border patrols, they've taken out people who have trafficked drugs. That's the federal government's role. They're doing their job.
Speaker: chris sununu
About the speaker: Chris Sununu is serving his third term on the New Hampshire Executive Council representing 20 percent of the state's population, which is about 265,000 people. The council votes on state contracts and appointments. He is CEO of Waterville Valley, one of the state's ski areas in the White Mountains. He is the son of former Governor John H. Sununu and brother to former U.S. Sen. John E. Sununu.  
Date: June 26, 2018
Location: new hampshire
Topics: immigration;drugs;homeland security
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Gov. Chris Sununu said federal border checkpoints in New Hampshire help "take out" drug traffickers and were a key tool in the opioid crisis. "That’s the federal government’s role. They’re doing their job," he said. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that drug interdictions and arrests cannot be the intended role of Customs and Border Patrol agents, but rather ancillary actions taken if the situation arises. So, border patrol agents may seize drugs during checkpoints, but they turn over drug cases to local police. Meanwhile, state courts have ruled that New Hampshire’s constitution prevents drugs found at vehicle checkpoints by drug sniffing dogs from being used as  in court. In fact, local-federal cooperation on drug cases has stopped, and no drug-related arrests have been made since the decision. While drug detection is not the primary purpose of the checkpoints, it is a secondary aim, according to the Border Patrol. Sununu’s defense of the checkpoints leaves out important details. We rate this  .
Statement: FactCheck.org exposed Snopes.com as an extremely liberal propaganda site with an agenda to discredit anything that appears to be conservative.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 7, 2019
Topics: corrections and updates;fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "None of us works with or for any political campaign or party, nor have any of us so much as met George Soros and probably wouldn’t recognize him if we did," the story says. In March 2018, FactCheck.org reported that nearly a decade earlier, in 2009, it addressed questions of Snopes.com's alleged political bias and wrote that it "found the website’s work to be ‘solid and well-documented’ and that its articles appeared ‘utterly poker-face’ when tackling rumors about Democratic and Republican politicians." "At no point did we ever ‘expose’ the myth-busting website," FactCheck.org reporter D'Angelo Gore wrote. In February, Snopes.com announced it was pulling out of its partnership with Facebook because it didn’t have the bandwidth to sign on for a third year. We rate this Facebook post as .
Statement: Texas added more jobs in 2010 than any other state.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: February 8, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: jobs
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: New Hampshire came in second with a 2.1 percent job increase. Finally, we wondered how well the new jobs pay. Abbot told us that while the bureau tracks average hourly earnings for most industry sectors, "the data will only give you averages across all workers in the industry, nothing about ‘new’ versus ‘old’ jobs." Regardless of how the new jobs paid, Texas added more of them —  based on net job gains — in 2010 than any other state. We rate Perry’s statement .
Statement: There are 60,000 fewer jobs today in this state than we had in 2008.
Speaker: ovide lamontagne
About the speaker: Ovide Lamontage, a fourth generation New Hampshire resident, ran un nsuccessfully ran for governor in 1996 and sought the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate in 2010, a seat now held by U.S. Sen. Kelly Ayotte.
Lamontage served as legal counsel for the New Hampshire State Senate in 1991. In 1993, he was appointed by then Governor Stephen Merrill as Chairman of the New Hampshire State Board of Education, where he served until 1996, when he resigned to run for governor.
In 2003, as an attorney representing the  Roman Catholic Diocese of Manchester, he negotiated the settlement between the diocese and the alleged victims of childhood sexual abuse at the hands of priests. The settlement spared the diocese from being criminally charged by the New Hampshire Attorney General's Office. 
Date: July 12, 2012
Location: new hampshire
Topics: jobs
Context: Rindge, N.H
Fact-check justification: Our ruling: To Lamontagne’s point, New Hampshire, like the rest of the country, has lost many jobs since the recession started. But the candidate got his numbers . The report he cites compares the current jobs count to the number the state could have reached if the recession had never hit, which isn’t the same thing. Lamontagne’s number of 60,000 jobs lost was twice as high as the actual number of jobs lost. We rate Lamontagne’s  .
Statement: Paul Ryan's already spent millions to try and permanently derail Brad (Schneider)'s progressive, energized campaign.
Speaker: barney frank
About the speaker: Barney Frank has been in Congress since 1981, and was formerly the chairman of the House Financial Services Committee. Previously he was a Massachusetts state representative and an assistant to the mayor of Boston. He has also taught at several Boston-area universities.
Date: September 28, 2016
Location: illinois
Topics: campaign finance;elections
Context: a fundraising email supporting Illinois' 10th House District Democratic nominee Brad Schneider
Fact-check justification: In a September fundraising email supporting candidate Brad Schneider, former U.S. Congressman Barney Frank said, "Paul Ryan’s already spent millions to try and permanently derail Brad’s progressive, energized, campaign." Ryan’s committees, Team Ryan and Ryan for Congress, have donated $31.4 million to the NRCC since he became speaker of the House. As speaker, Ryan does represent the NRCC, which has given $1.8 million to support Dold and oppose Schneider this election cycle.   That's not "millions," but it's not far off. Also, the wording of Frank's statement implies has received a direct contribution from Ryan when the money came from political committees Ryan represents. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate this  .
Statement: Virginia House Speaker Bill Howell is "allied to group pushing MIXED SEX BATHROOMS in Stafford Schools.
Speaker: susan stimpson
About the speaker: Susan Stimpson, a Republican from Stafford County, was the chairwoman of the Stafford County Board of Supervisors. She was a member of the board from 2010 to 2013.
She ran for the Republican nomination for lieutenant governor in 2013. She has announced her candidacy in the House of Delegates seat in the 28th District, challenging Speaker Bill Howell in the 2015 primary election.
Date: March 28, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: children;education;lgbtq;sexuality
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Stimpson wrote "BILL HOWELL is allied to group pushing MIXED SEX BATHROOMS in Stafford schools." Equality Virginia unsuccessfully advocated allowing transgender students in Stafford to use the restrooms of their choice. Stimpson’s statement makes it sound like the LGBT group wanted a broad policy that would have allowed all students of either sex to use the same bathrooms. That’s not the case. When proposed, the debate focused on one fourth-grader at one school. The connection between Equality Virginia and Howell is equally tenuous. The group made annual donations totaling $6,000 to Howell’s multi-million dollar PAC from 2006 to 2012. What Stimpson omits is that Equality Virginia has not contributed to the PAC in more than two years. The group decided, well in advance of restroom issue, that Howell was unfriendly to LGBT issues and now says Howell "has not done anything to assist" it. So any small comity that once may have existed between the speaker and Equality Virginia is certainly dead. We rate Stimpson’s statement .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama's overturning of the Mexico City Policy means federal tax dollars can be used "to fund abortion all over the world.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: June 12, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: abortion
Context: Los Angeles
Fact-check justification: However, longstanding federal law bars any aid from being spent on abortions, and USAID polices how its family-planning grants are spent. But Perry’s statement retains a sliver of  in that it’s possible some aid could be misspent or that U.S. aid could free up other money to go toward abortions. We rate the statement . Editor's note: This statement was rated  when it was published. On July 27, 2011, we changed the name for the rating to .
Statement: Obamacare "is in what the actuaries call a death spiral.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: January 12, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care
Context: a media briefing
Fact-check justification: Our rating A death spiral is a health industry term for a cycle with three components — shrinking enrollment, healthy people leaving the system and rising premiums. The latest data shows enrollment is increasing slightly and younger (typically healthier) people are signing up at the same rate as last year. And while premiums are increasing, that isn’t affecting the cost to most consumers due to built-in subsidies. So none of the three criteria are met, much less all three. We rate Ryan’s  .
Statement: In 2016, counties hosting a Trump rally saw a 226% spike in hate crimes.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: August 5, 2019
Location: national
Topics: crime
Context: a Facebook meme
Fact-check justification: Sanders’ post said, "In 2016, counties hosting a Trump rally saw a 226% spike in hate crimes." This is from an academic study. However, it’s worth noting some caveats -- that the data can be subject to "statistical noise" and jurisdictional differences in hate crime definitions and police aggressiveness, and that cause and effect are hard to pinpoint. Perhaps most important is that Sanders’ wording implies that the 226% jump stems from comparing hate crimes before and after a Trump rally within the same county, when in fact it’s a comparison from Trump rally counties to similar counties that did not host a Trump rally. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details, so we rate it .
Statement: Every worker pays 15.3 percent payroll tax.
Speaker: herman cain
About the speaker: Herman Cain is an author, columnist and talk radio host. Cain, a former pizza franchise CEO, ran for president as a Republican in 2012.
Date: October 12, 2011
Location: national
Topics: new hampshire 2012;workers;taxes
Context: an interview on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: Cain said, "Every worker pays 15.3 percent payroll tax." That's not accurate. Workers only pay half that, with the exception of the self-employed, as we mentioned above. The worker contribution is normally 7.65 percent, and thanks to the payroll tax rollback of 2010, the number this year is 5.65 percent. You can reach that number only by including the half of the tax that employers pay. Some economists say that if the employers’ half of payroll taxes were ended, workers would see  a proportional rise in wages over the long run. But whatever the case, Cain was talking about the reality today. Workers don't pay a 15.3 percent payroll tax, so we rate Cain's statement .