chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: You have almost half the counties in America that have one provider or no provider for insurance" on the Obamacare exchanges.
Speaker: sean duffy
About the speaker: Sean Duffy is a Republican member of the U.S. House, representing Wisconsin's 7th District in the northwestern part of the state. The former Ashland County district attorney was elected In November 2010, taking the seat previously held by Democratic U.S. Rep. Dave Obey of Wausau.
Date: July 20, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;government regulation;public health
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Currently, 33 percent of counties have only one company selling health insurance policies to individuals on the Obamacare exchanges. There are no counties that have no providers. The element of  in Duffy’s  is that the New York Times estimates that in 2018, 45 percent of counties will have one provider or no providers. But that’s a projection and the article notes that the current figure is 33 percent. We rate Duffy’s statement .
Statement: Sullivan County "has the highest opioid death rate in all of New York state" yet "it's the only county in the Hudson Valley not included in the federal High-Intensity Drug Trafficking Area" program.
Speaker: charles schumer
About the speaker: Charles Schumer is a Democratic senator from New York and the Senate majority leader.
Date: March 10, 2023
Location: new york
Topics: drugs;crime;public health
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Schumer said that Sullivan County, "has the highest opioid death rate in all of New York state" yet "it’s the only county in the Hudson Valley not included in the federal High-Intensity Drug Trafficking Area" program. Sullivan County had the highest rate of opioid related deaths in New York state in 2018 and 2019, and in preliminary data for 2022. Nevertheless, the federal government does not consider Sullivan County a High-Intensity Drug Trafficking Area, although other New York counties are designated as such. However, the list of counties that belong to the Hudson Valley region is open to debate. The statement is accurate but needs additional information. We rate it .
Statement: Fifty-six percent decline in overall crime. A 73 percent decline in motor-vehicle theft. A 67 percent decline in robbery. A 66 percent decline in murder. This is way beyond what happened in the nation during this period of time.
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: May 31, 2007
Location: national
Topics: crime
Context: New York, N.Y
Fact-check justification: "
During his eight years in office, federal records do show that rates of violent and property crime in New York dropped as sharply as he claims. It is also  that those rates of decline outpaced national averages, and that New York boasted a low violent crime rate compared to the biggest big cities, like Los Angeles and Houston. But his claims do come with some caveats: Numerous studies have failed to show that the politicies of Giuiliani and his police commanders were directly responsible for the decline in crime. Crime rates dropped nationwide during those years, 1994-2001, and most large cities saw significant declines; San Francisco, in fact, enjoyed the steepest drop in violent crime. And, significantly, violent crime rates in New York City had been falling for three years before he took office.
Statement: They understand the importance (of medical monitoring). It's clear, though, that they want to do it in a way that is consistent with other states and S.37 just isn't.
Speaker: heidi scheuermann
About the speaker: Heidi Scheuermann represents Stowe in the Vermont Legislature.
Date: May 16, 2019
Location: vermont
Topics: environment
Context: floor debate
Fact-check justification: Some courts lay out more stringent criteria for medical monitoring tests, based on significance of exposure, extent of increased risk and seriousness of latent disease.   However, not all courts include those qualifiers in their tests for medical monitoring. S.37 also sets limits on what types of businesses could be sued for medical monitoring in a way that other courts have not done. And a judge in a Vermont federal court has issued a preliminary ruling that could set an arguably less strict threshold for medical monitoring claims than S.37.   We rate this  .
Statement: Says the CBO said "it's not that people are getting pushed off a plan; it's that people will choose not to buy something they don't like or want.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: June 27, 2017
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: an interview with Fox News
Fact-check justification: Ryan paraphrased the CBO as saying that millions more would not be insured basically because they would be free not to buy a policy they didn’t want. Some people won’t buy policies due to simple choice, but many others will become uninsured because they’re no longer eligible for Medicaid. The CBO said two-thirds of the 22 million without insurance would lose out through cuts in the Medicaid program. For the remaining 7 million, some portion of those would have chosen not to buy coverage, but some portion would want to buy but find insurance unaffordable. Ryan’s  contains an element of  but ignores a lot of what the CBO said. We rate this  .
Statement: The Affordable Care Act "basically puts a penalty or a tax on employers for every new job they create.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: January 25, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy;health care;jobs;taxes
Context: an interview on CBS' "60 Minutes"
Fact-check justification: Boehner said the health care law "basically puts a penalty or a tax on employers for every new job they create." The law does impose penalties and regulations that could increase costs for some companies, though the impact depends heavily on the individual employer’s situation (and could actually result in lower costs for some companies). However, the law will force only a tiny fraction of employers -- less than 1 percent of companies by our estimate -- to start offering coverage when they did not do so before. That’s something that wouldn’t be clear to someone who heard Boehner’s comment. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context, so we rate it .
Statement: Says Marco Rubio said that "felons should not have their voting rights restored" but that "convicted felons should be allowed to own guns after they have done their time.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 13, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: elections;crime;guns
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook meme says Rubio said that "felons should not have their voting rights restored" but that "convicted felons should be allowed to own guns after they have done their time." The meme was posted by a site that describes itself as satirical, and we found no  that Rubio actually said the words attributed to him. While Rubio has spoken critically in the past about felons regaining voting rights, he does not appear to have taken a stance on the restoration of felons’ gun rights. Rubio didn’t say these words, so we rate the  .
Statement: Democrats and Joe Biden "want to abolish the suburbs altogether by ending single-family home zoning.
Speaker: patricia mccloskey
About the speaker: Patricia McCloskey is an attorney in St. Louis. She and her husband, Mark McCloskey, spoke at the 2020 Republican National Convention after they faced felony charges for pointing guns at protesters outside their home.
Date: August 24, 2020
Location: national
Topics: housing;race and ethnicity;missouri
Context: a speech at the 2020 Republican National Convention
Fact-check justification: Patricia McCloskey said Democrats and Joe Biden "want to abolish the suburbs altogether by ending single-family home zoning." That’s an extreme interpretation of Biden’s proposal to reinstate an Obama administration requirement related to addressing discrimination in housing.  Under the Obama administration’s 2015 change to the Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing rule, localities receiving HUD funding were required to work with the federal government to identify barriers to fair housing and come up with strategies for dealing with them.  Experts said restoring that regulation would not force those jurisdictions to rezone or build low-income housing. It certainly wouldn’t spell the end for the suburbs. We rate this statement .
Statement: I can send every qualified person to a four-year college in their state for $150 billion.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: October 25, 2020
Topics: education;taxes
Context: a "60 Minutes" interview
Fact-check justification: On "60 Minutes," Joe Biden said, "I can send every qualified person to a four-year college in their state for $150 billion." The Biden campaign later told CBS that Biden had misspoke and that the free public college plan would actually cost double that amount. A campaign spokesperson told PolitiFact the estimated cost would add up to about $300 billion over 10 years. That seems to square with a report by the Georgetown Center on Education, which calculated the cost of Biden’s public college plan and arrived at a similar estimate: $683.1 billion over an 11-year period, generating an additional $371.4 in tax revenue.  However, that’s not what Biden said on 60 Minutes. We rate his  that it would cost $150 billion .
Statement: Earth "has not warmed for the last 17 years.
Speaker: patrick moore
About the speaker: Patrick Moore is a former member of Greenpeace who says there is no proof man is contributing to a warming planet. He more recently worked as a communications consultant for nuclear energy industries
Date: March 11, 2014
Topics: environment;climate change;punditfact
Context: an interview on 'Hannity'
Fact-check justification: Moore said the whole theory of climate change is called into question because "it has not warmed for the last 17 years." It’s  that global surface temperatures have remained relatively flat for 17 years, since 1998. However, both 2005 and 2010 were warmer than 1998. Moore’s statement alone ignores that the first decade of the 21st century was the warmest on record. And Moore is cherry-picking a timeframe to support his argument by starting at an extremely warm year. Global surface temperatures have risen, for instance, if you started at 1999, 1996, or any year before that. Moore’s statement contains an element of , but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: President Donald Trump "will evoke (sic) what is called the Stafford act" and "order a two week mandatory quarantine for the nation.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 16, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a screenshot
Fact-check justification: In New Rochelle, N.Y., Gov. Andrew Cuomo ordered a one-mile containment zone on March 10. In the San Francisco Bay Area, local officials on March 16 announced sweeping measures to try to contain the coronavirus, including a "shelter in place" order for residents in six counties. That order is among the strictest in the country, although it fell short of a total lockdown. The Facebook post misconstrues the effects of the Stafford Act, and its warning about a two-week nationwide lockdown has been dismissed by federal officials. With the information we have, we rate the warning .
Statement: The Ukraine Orange Revolution in 2004 "was the first color revolution.
Speaker: bill kristol
About the speaker: Bill Kristol is the editor at large of the Weekly Standard, a conservative magazine. He previously served as chief of staff to Vice President Dan Quayle during the Bush administration and to Secretary of Education William Bennett under President Reagan.
Date: February 23, 2014
Topics: foreign policy;punditfact
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Kristol said the Ukraine Orange Revolution "was the first color revolution." It was the biggest color revolution, but experts say nobody considers it the first. Georgia’s Rose Revolution took place a year earlier. We rate Kristol’s  . This item was updated at 6:51 p.m., Feb. 23, 2014, to note that the "color" revolutions speak more to a group of revolutions that have loose ties to colors -- than actual revolutions with colors in their names.
Statement: When asked if the United States should have a military parade to "show off its might," President Dwight Eisenhower said, "Absolutely not. We are the pre-eminent power on Earth. For us to try and imitate what the Soviets are doing in Red Square would make us look weak.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 3, 2019
Topics: history;facebook fact-checks
Context: posts on the Internet
Fact-check justification: A viral image said that when asked if the United States should have a military parade to "show off its might," Eisenhower said, "Absolutely not. We are the pre-eminent power on Earth. For us to try and imitate what the Soviets are doing in Red Square would make us look weak." Eisenhower’s presidential library, among other experts, failed to find any occasion on which Eisenhower spoke these words. However, the passage stems from historian Michael Beschloss’ paraphrase of Eisenhower’s views. Several historians told us that Beschloss’ summary aligns with their own understanding of Eisenhower’s views. We rate the statement .
Statement: Robert Hurt supported a bill that helped the uranium industry after taking contributions from the industry and because his father had a stake in it.
Speaker: sierra club
About the speaker: Sierra Club is a grassroots environmental organization.
Date: October 13, 2010
Location: virginia
Topics: energy;negative campaigning
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: His father also contributed to his campaigns, but those donations came before the elder Hurt invested in uranium. There is no question his father stands to gain if uranium mining is allowed in Virginia, but Hurt disclosed that and was cleared by the Senate ethics panel to vote on the issue. Therefore, we find the  to be .    Editor's note: This statement was rated  when it was published. On July 27, 2011, we changed the name for the rating to .
Statement: A photo shows Donald Trump with "Derek Chauvin - the cop who killed George Floyd.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 27, 2020
Topics: criminal justice;facebook fact-checks
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: "Here’s a picture of Derek Chauvin - the cop who killed George Floyd. "   A Fox News affiliate in Minneapolis reported on May 27 that neither Chauvin nor the other three officers were at the October campaign rally in Minneapolis that’s shown in the photo being shared online.   Lt. Bob Kroll, the president of the Minneapolis Police Union, spoke at the rally, according to the station. Kroll, who is standing next to the man in the photo social media users have fingered as Chauvin, said it’s a different officer.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Our jobless rate, our unemployment rate, is the lowest of all of the big cities in New Jersey.
Speaker: chris bollwage
About the speaker: Chris Bollwage is serving his fifth term as mayor of Elizabeth.
Date: January 15, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: jobs
Context: Elizabeth
Fact-check justification: The Elizabeth mayor said in an appearance at  the Cuban Club that the city has the lowest unemployment rate among New Jersey’s biggest cities. Among cities with populations of 100,000 or more, Jersey City has a lower unemployment rate than Elizabeth. A city spokesman said Bollwage meant to say Elizabeth had one of the lowest, not the lowest, jobless rates among the state’s most populous cities -- a line he used in his State of the City address earlier this month. He may have got it right then, but he got it  this time around. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Twenty-five or 24 million people" are "out of work or stopped looking for work.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: February 8, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: an Atlanta campaign stop
Fact-check justification: The remaining one-third may or may not be angling for more hours or a full-time slot at their current employer. They could have stopped looking for full-time work altogether. We don’t know. Romney’s statement is partially accurate, but he gets important details . He therefore earns a .
Statement: There have been 44 plans submitted affecting 90 school districts. And the Scott administration has rejected all of them.
Speaker: christine hallquist
About the speaker: Christine Hallquist is the Democratic candidate for governor of Vermont in the 2018 general election.
Date: October 10, 2018
Location: vermont
Topics: corrections and updates;education
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Christine Hallquist accused Gov. Phil Scott of rejecting all alternative governance proposals under Act 46.  But that statement was based on  rhetoric by anti-merger advocates. And in 21 cases, the Secretary of Education agreed with districts who submitted alternative proposals that they could retain their existing structure, and did not recommend forced mergers to the State Board. We rate this  as .   Update Following the publication of this fact-check, Christine Hallquist send out a press release retracting her statement, thanking VTDigger reporter Lola Duffort for the article and celebrating the role of the press in political discourse.  "I appreciate when the press holds both me and Governor Scott accountable when we make mistakes, as they should. This makes us better and serves the Vermont public," she said.  "Governor Scott and his administration have been very heavy handed on public schools, but Duffort is absolutely correct that he did not, as I stated, reject every Act 46 Alternative Governance proposal. I apologize and retract this . In this, as in all matters of policy, I am open to new information and new  that will serve to better any proposals I put forward."
Statement: A construction worker who's making $50 or $60 grand a year shouldn't be paying higher tax rates than the guy who's making $50 million a year. And that's how it's working right now.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 22, 2011
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Cincinnati, Ohio
Fact-check justification: Obama has made a sweeping statement that it’s common, even typical, for a $50,000-a-year construction worker to pay a higher tax rate than someone earning $50 million a year. The reality is that it’s hard to know for sure. We found that a typical taxpayer with $50,000 in income pays 22 to 23 percent in income and payroll taxes, while the comparable rates for very, very wealthy taxpayers are in the 20 to 30 percent range. The data isn’t specific enough for us to be able to say if a majority of $50 million earners pay tax rates at the low or high end of that 20 to 30 percent range. We do think it’s safe to say that some of those very high earners pay a smaller share of their income in taxes than workers who earn $50,000, and some don’t. So, on balance, we rate the statement .