chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Here's something that people never talk about with coach Schiano: Rutgers had the best graduation rate of any Division I football program in America.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: January 31, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: education;sports
Context: a radio interview on New Jersey 101.5's "Ask the Governor"
Fact-check justification: Christie claimed that "Rutgers had the best graduation rate of any Division I football program in America." The Scarlet Knights ranked at the top of their conference, but not the top of their division for graduation rates in the most recent data. During Schiano’s tenure, the team never had the best graduation rate in the division. By another measure of academic performance, Rutgers football topped its division, but, according to a NCAA spokeswoman, graduation is not included in that calculation. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says Josh Hawley "broke his promise to create a Public Corruption Unit to crack down on the pay-to-play culture of Jefferson City.
Speaker: claire mccaskill
About the speaker: Claire McCaskill is a Democrat and a U.S. Senator from Missouri.
Date: October 10, 2017
Location: missouri
Topics: corrections and updates;legal issues
Context: a campaign statement
Fact-check justification: McCaskill’s campaign manager said Hawley "broke his promise to create a Public Corruption Unit to crack down on the pay-to-play culture of Jefferson City." Although Democrats contest when it was born and say he hasn’t used the team to crack down on "pay-to-play" in Jefferson City, the bottom lineis Hawley has prioritized prosecuting public corruption and created a team to make it happen. Regardless of whether the group is a team or unit, Hawley’s office still has a working group of lawyers who have already prosecuted four officials for public corruption. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama "ordered our military to enlist illegal aliens.
Speaker: allen west
About the speaker: Allen West announced in July 2021 that he is running for the Republican primary for Texas governor. He served for about a year as chairman of the Texas Republican Party, stepping down in June 2021. West represented Florida's 22nd congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2011 to 2013. Lieutenant Colonel West retired from the Army in 2004 after 22 years of service.
Date: September 26, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: immigration;military
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: West said that Obama "ordered our military to enlist illegal aliens." He’s right that Obama’s decision to allow certain illegal immigrants to apply for temporary status under DACA then enabled the military to announce that those people could apply for the MAVNI program. However, West’s analysis  what’s going on. The program in question was initiated by Bush in 2008, before Obama was president. In addition, contrary to West’s sweeping suggestion, experts say it’s doubtful that many undocumented immigrants would be brought into the military. And Obama didn't order the military to take illegal aliens but rather made it an option. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, so we rate it .
Statement: We're practically not allowed to use coal any more. What do we do with our coal? We ship it to China and they spew it in the air.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: November 30, 2015
Location: national
Topics: environment;energy
Context: an interview on MSNBC's "Morning Joe"
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "We're practically not allowed to use coal any more. What do we do with our coal? We ship it to China and they spew it in the air." He has a point that the Obama administration has worked to reduce the amount of carbon emissions from U.S. sources, including placing additional burdens on power plants that burn coal. But Trump’s language vastly overstates his case. Despite recent declines in coal usage, electric companies in the United States still burned more than 850 million tons of coal in 2014, making it easily the most common energy source for electricity generation. Trump’s point about the U.S. shipping coal to China is even less accurate. U.S. coal exports to China comprise only a tiny fraction of all U.S. coal exports, and U.S. coal accounts for just a tiny fraction of all of the coal that China imports. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, so we rate it .
Statement: Ten times, no Republican candidate for president had enough delegates to claim the nomination before the party's convention, and seven of those times "somebody who was not the leader of delegates was selected as the nominee of the party.
Speaker: john kasich
About the speaker: John Kasich is the governor of Ohio. A Republican and a former congressman, he defeated Democratic Gov. Ted Strickland in 2010 and was reelected in 2014. He ran for president in 2016.
Date: March 29, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;history;states
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: But Northeastern University political science professor Willam Mayer , who has written books on presidential nominations, told us that Kasich’s definition of a contested convention is defensible.) Our rating Kasich said that 10 times, no Republican candidate for president had enough delegates to  the nomination before the party’s convention, and seven of those times "somebody who was not the leader of delegates was selected as the nominee of the party." He’s correct on the numbers. But his implication that history is on his side is  in that it’s been more than 60 years since the GOP chose a nominee who wasn’t the delegate leader going into the convention; moreover, the process of choosing a nominee has changed considerably in the intervening years. For a statement that is accurate but needs clarification, our rating is .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton "laid the groundwork" for getting chemical weapons out of Syria.
Speaker: claire mccaskill
About the speaker: Claire McCaskill is a Democrat and a U.S. Senator from Missouri.
Date: June 1, 2014
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;military
Context: an appearance on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: McCaskill said Clinton "laid the groundwork" to remove Syria’s chemical weapons. The connection to the eventual deal seems to be Clinton’s ongoing discussions with Russia, who eventually helped broker the agreement, and the administration’s red line on chemical weapons, which eventually led to the threat of military action that forced Assad’s hand. Experts we spoke with said that was a pretty flimsy case. Obama’s red line changed meaning from Clinton to Kerry. At first it was a rather ambiguous threat. Later, crossing it meant helping rebels obtain weapons and finally the announcement of military action. Further, the eventual agreement itself came quickly and almost unintentionally after Kerry made a rhetorical offer that Russia and Assad accepted. Clinton had been out of the Secretary of State job for seven months at that point. Prior to Kerry’s offer, an agreement seemed out of reach. Given all of that, we rate McCaskill’s statement .
Statement: Denzel Washington: With Trump we avoided war with Russia and Orwellian Police State
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 24, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: About a month later, when speaking before a screening of his new film Fences in Washington, D.C., in December 2016, Washington was asked whom he supported in the election. He quipped " Fences " but later said, "none of your business." A headline said that Denzel Washington said, "With Trump we avoided war with Russia and Orwellian police state." There is no  that the actor made that statement. We rate this headline .
Statement: Says Michigan COVID-19 order bans gardening and the sale of vegetable seeds and fruit.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 12, 2020
Topics: government regulation;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A headline shared on social media inaccurately describes an order that Whitmer issued in response to the coronavirus.  The order does not prohibit gardening or the sale of any particular product in Michigan. Stores in Michigan larger than 50,000 square feet must close areas for garden centers and plant nurseries, as well as those that sell carpet or flooring, furniture and paint. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says the surge in COVID-19 cases is caused by "antibody mediated viral enhancement" from the COVID-19 vaccines.
Speaker: dan stock
About the speaker: Dr. Dan Stock is a family physician in Indiana. Remarks he made in August 2021 criticizing public health authorities about COVID-19 and making claims about COVID-19 vaccines went viral.
Date: August 9, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a viral image
Fact-check justification: A doctor in a viral video says the surge in COVID-19 cases is caused by "antibody mediated viral enhancement" from the COVID-19 vaccines. There is no  that the rare phenomenon known as antibody-dependent enhancement, is causing a surge. In fact,  shows the opposite: that the vast majority of COVID-19 cases are occurring among people who are not vaccinated. The post is  and . We rate it !
Statement: Says Halyna Hutchins tweeted, "I have information that will lead to Hillary Clinton's arrest.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 25, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: When someone deletes a tweet, it will still show up in Google search results even though the link itself is dead. We didn’t find any such trace that Hutchins tweeted this about Hillary Clinton.   We rate this post . RELATED:    No, Halyna Hutchins wasn’t working on a Hollywood pedophile rings doc
Statement: I think it is unacceptable for the Chinese today to be larger in wind power and in solar panels and photovoltaic manufacturing than all of Europe put together -- forget the United States.
Speaker: maurice ferre
About the speaker: Maurice Ferre served as mayor of Miami from 1973 to 1985. He campaigned for the U.S. Senate in 2010 and was defeated in the Democratic primary on Aug. 24, 2010.
Date: July 1, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: energy
Context: an editorial board meeting
Fact-check justification: China added more renewable-power capacity than any other country in the world in 2009, according to the Worldwatch Institute. But Ferre's point was manufacturing when he met with the Sun-Sentinel editorial board. His statement that China is larger than Europe and the United States in the manufacturing of wind and solar power equipment is correct for photovoltaics, but not for wind. The Worldwatch Insitute report points out that, among the world’s top 15 wind turbine manufacturers, Europe came out ahead of China in 2009. That gives Ferre's statement a rating of .
Statement: We maintain this (Missouri highway) system with one of the lowest levels of funding in the country.
Speaker: mike parson
About the speaker: Mike Parson, a Republican, was elevated to governor of Missouri after the resignation of Gov. Eric Greitens in 2018.
Date: January 16, 2019
Location: missouri
Topics: state budget;transportation
Context: his state of the state speech
Fact-check justification: Parson said, Missouri has one of the lowest levels of highway funding in the country. Missouri ranks 48th in highway revenue per mile. Though Missouri ranks 26th in total highway funding revenue, this measure does not take into consideration the amount of road a state must maintain. Revenue per mile is the best measure to evaluate highway funding, taking into account the amount of roads in a state in addition to the number of dollars spent. With this evaluation, Missouri does have one of the lowest levels of highway funding. We rank this statement .
Statement: Since he took office as Milwaukee County executive, "we have never raised" bus fares and "this year there'll be a million route-miles more than there were five years ago.
Speaker: chris abele
About the speaker: Chris Abele is Milwaukee County Executive, a position he won in an April 2011 special election to finish out the final year of the term of Scott Walker, who was elected governor in November 2010. The election was the first attempt at political office for Abele, a Milwaukee philanthropist and business owner.
The office is nonpartisan, but Abele has indicated he is a Democrat.
Date: October 29, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: transportation
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Abele said since he has been Milwaukee County executive, "we have never raised" bus fares and "this year there’ll be a million route-miles more than there were five years ago." He backed up the  with transit system budget reports that showed constant fare prices and a million mile increase in route miles. But in stating the , he gives himself too much credit for the new routes that largely generated the extra miles. Those were the result of a lawsuit against the state. We rate Abele’s  .
Statement: Dandelion root is able to kill 98% of cancer cells within 48 hours.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: June 12, 2021
Topics: public health;health check
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed that dandelion root extract was found to kill 98% of cancer cells in 48 hours.  A University of Windsor study found that the extract killed over 95% of colon cancer cells in 48 hours, but this study was done on cells in a petri dish, not in the human body.  In 2019, a separate study found that both dandelion root and lemongrass extract can boost the effectiveness of chemotherapy treatments in killing prostate cancer cells in mice, but the study didn’t look at whether they were effective in stopping the recurrence of tumors. Human clinical trials of dandelion root extract as a cancer treatment have been approved, but they haven’t been able to recruit enough patients.  The  contains an element of , but leaves out important context that could give a different impression. We rate this post .
Statement: We've tested more than every country combined.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 27, 2020
Topics: health check;coronavirus
Context: comments made during a White House briefing
Fact-check justification: Trump claimed that the United States has "tested more than every country combined." There is no reasonable way to conclude that the American system has run more diagnostics than "all other major countries combined." Just by adding up a few other nations’ totals, you can quickly see Trump’s  fall apart. Plus, focusing on the 5 million figure distracts from the real issue — by any meaningful metric of diagnosing and tracking, the United States is still well behind countries like Germany and Canada. The president’s  is not only  but also . We rate it !
Statement: Breaking: FBI just raided the White House, 6 people thrown out.
Speaker: new century times
About the speaker: New Century Times is a website and news aggregator.
Date: December 30, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: The website New Century Times said in a December headline that "Breaking: FBI just raided the White House, 6 people thrown out." Yes, six White House staffers were removed from their jobs due to problems associated with their in depth background checks, Politico  reported. But their removals occurred in February -- this isn’t "breaking" news in December. And it seems a stretch to describe the removals as an FBI "raid." We rate this  .
Statement: Putin has stated: Russian citizens (have) 2 options: Stay home for 15 days or in jail for 5 years.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: March 23, 2020
Topics: foreign policy;public health;coronavirus
Context: social media posts
Fact-check justification: Social media posts have said "Putin has stated: Russian citizens (have) 2 options: Stay home for 15 days or in jail for 5 years." Credible news accounts and experts on the region see no  of such a draconian choice in Russia. The  appears to stem from a post by an Indian comedian, who later clarified that this was intended as a "joke." We rate the statement .
Statement: Jamaica becomes the first country to make K-pop illegal.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 6, 2021
Topics: pop culture;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A disclaimer at the bottom of the page says it is "a satire news and humor website" and that "all its content is fiction (except those posts under the ‘serious’ category) and shouldn’t be taken as real. "  That caveat is missing as the headline is being shared online out of context.   BuzzFeed News reported in 2018 that a spokesperson for Jamaica’s prime minister, who was mentioned in the post, responded to a tweet about Jamaica banning K-pop and said "This is NOT !!!!!" (The Twitter account for that spokesperson no longer exists .)   We rate this  .
Statement: Letting the Bush tax cuts expire would raise taxes on small businesses.
Speaker: eric cantor
About the speaker: Eric Cantor is a former congressman who represented Virginia's 7th District from 2001 to 2014. He rose to House minority whip in 2009 and House majority leader in 2011. Cantor was upset by Dave Brat in the 2014 GOP primary for congress. He is now vice chairman and managing director of Moelis & Company, a global investment bank.
 
 
 
Date: November 3, 2010
Location: virginia
Topics: economy;small business;taxes
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: About 272,000 Americans in the highest income tax bracket report more than half of their earnings come from business profits. Their average business income is $718,827, according to the Tax Policy Center, whose figures Cantor sometimes uses. That hardly sounds like a corner shop owner, whose image Cantor seems to invoke when he says Democrats are trying to raise taxes on small businesses. We rate the  . (Cantor’s wife, Diana F. Cantor, is a member of the board of directors of Media General Inc., parent company of the Richmond Times-Dispatch).
Statement: If you look at the three people on the (debate) stage from the United States Senate, all three of them have a combined two bills that became law that they've sponsored.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: November 1, 2015
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;congress;corrections and updates
Context: comments on "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Bush said that the three Republican senators running for president "have a combined two bills that became law that they've sponsored." Bush has his numbers right: Of all the bills Cruz, Rubio and Paul have sponsored combined, only two bills have been signed into law. But experts told us that this isn’t a great measurement of a legislator’s effectiveness, and there are other ways to show impact in Congress. All three senators have their fingerprints on numerous laws as cosponsors or amendment authors.   We rate Bush’s  . Editor's note: This post has been updated to include a response from the Cruz campaign that we received after publishing the article and to clarify the senators identified by Bush in his .
Statement: On unemployment rates: "We have counties in Southwest Virginia that are well into double digits and some that are pushing 20 percent.
Speaker: israel o'quinn
About the speaker: Israel O'Quinn was elected to the House of Delegates in 2011. He represents the 5th district in Southwest Virginia and is the deputy majority whip in the House.
Date: August 10, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: environment;energy;jobs;government regulation
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: O’Quinn said, "We have counties in Southwest Virginia that are well into double digits and some that are pushing 20 percent unemployment." He offered the statistics at a rally where speakers were trying to muster opposition to new EPA carbon restrictions by arguing, in part, the rules will accelerate the decline in coal mining jobs. There is no county in the region that comes close to a 20 percent unemployment rate and it’s debatable whether any are "well into double digits." The highest June unemployment rates were in Virginia’s three biggest coal counties: Buchanan, 11.1 percent; Dickenson, 10.2 percent; and Wise, 9.2 percent. Those are big numbers. But McQuinn, who acknowledges he misspoke, exaggerated them. We rate his statement .