chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says "Three Muslim congresswomen just refused" to sign an oath of office to uphold the U.S. Constitution.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 18, 2018
Topics: congress;fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A popular meme says politicians shouldn’t be allowed to serve if they refuse to take an oath of office and that "three Muslim congresswomen refused." Each new member of Congress, along with the president, vice president and Supreme Court justices, are required to take the oath of office when they are sworn in, as written in the U.S. Constitution. The 116th Congress will convene after the holiday break, on Jan. 3, 2019, which is when incoming representatives and senators will take their oath – so no member could have refused yet. This  is !
Statement: Says "Abortion clinics in Oregon, as in most states, have no state oversight and are not held to basic health or safety standards.
Speaker: gayle atteberry
About the speaker: Gayle Atteberry is executive director of Oregon Right to Life.
Date: December 26, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: abortion
Context: an online post
Fact-check justification: All of those are subject to health and safety regulations. Plus, the people who perform the abortions are licensed medical personnel subject to state oversight. While some abortion clinics are not subject to the state oversight that veterinary clinics or tattoo parlors receive, that doesn’t mean they and the people who work in them are not held to basic health standards. Those are critical facts that would give readers a different impression. We rate this statement .
Statement: Santa Claus arrested by German police for not wearing a mask.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 14, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: On Dec. 14, state police in the region posted a statement online that the person arrested was protesting COVID-19 restrictions. The demonstration was unregistered — and illegal, according to police — and he was taken to a patrol car "to determine his identity" after he refused to give his name to police. He was then released, about an hour after police responded to the protest.   The statement doesn’t mention a mask.   We rate this  .
Statement: More whites believe in ghosts than believe in racism.
Speaker: kareem abdul-jabbar
About the speaker: Kareem Abdul-Jabbar is a retired basketball player who played for the Los Angeles Lakers and the Milwaukee Bucks.
Date: May 4, 2014
Topics: polls and public opinion;punditfact
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Abdul-Jabbar said, "More whites believe in ghosts than believe in racism." While we don’t know what research he was citing to support his point, Abdul-Jabbar’s  is a stretch based on the polls we found and the pollsters we consulted. Depending on the question, you could argue that as many as about 6 in 10 white Americans believe in ghosts, though other polls present a smaller ratio. Abdul-Jabbar, meanwhile, seems to have  interpreted polling about white Americans’ views of discrimination as their belief in racism. We'll be happy to revisit this fact-check if someone points out a poll we missed. Polling we found supports the theory that white Americans are less likely than black Americans to think that blacks are being discriminated against. But those polls don’t measure whether white Americans think racism exists in this country. Experts told us that defining racism is difficult in terms of a poll and that a comparison with believing in ghosts is problematic. Abdul-Jabbar fails to acknowledge the wide disparity on polls dealing with ghosts, inaccurately describes the polling on racism and makes a shaky comparison between the two. We rate his  .
Statement: Says Joe Biden and Kamala Harris "want massive tax hikes on working families.
Speaker: nikki haley
About the speaker: Nikki Haley announced on Feb. 14, 2023 that she is running for president in the Republican primary. Haley was the governor of South Carolina 2011-2017 and then served as President Donald Trump's ambassador to the UN in 2017 and 2018.
Date: August 24, 2020
Topics: taxes
Context: a Republican convention speech
Fact-check justification: Haley said Biden and Harris "want massive tax hikes on working families." Independent tax analysts agree that the Biden plan would not directly raise taxes on any household earning below $400,000 a year, and it would pose small hits from the indirect impact of raising the corporate tax rate. The vast majority of the income losses from the Biden tax proposal would fall on the top one-fifth of incomes, and especially on the top 1%. All in all, the indirect tax hikes on "working families," such as they are, are not "massive." We rate the statement .
Statement: Say a video shows "staffers stuffing ballots in flint mi
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 4, 2020
Location: michigan
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: social media posts
Fact-check justification: London’s Victoria & Albert Museum has written that "the most widespread opinion about the double-headed eagle is that the two heads face East and West, which symbolises the geographic position of Russia. "  The video does not depict a Flint polling place.   We rate the post ! This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: The CBO says the cost of health care reform will rise to $1.8 trillion, "increasing the price to far greater than the $900 billion" originally projected.
Speaker: robert hurt
About the speaker: Robert Hurt, Republican, represents Virginia's 5th District, which is composed of 19 counties and two independent municipalities and is Virginia's largest, in Congress. Hurt was first elected to the U.S. House in 2010. He serves on the Financial Services Committee and on its Capital Markets and Government Sponsored Enterprises and Housing and Insurance subcommittees.
Hurt, a Pittsylvania County native, previously served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 2002 to 2007 and in the state senate from 2008 to 2010.
Hurt graduated from Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden Sydney, in 1991 and earned a law degree from Mississippi College School of Law, Jackson, Miss., in 1995.
Date: March 19, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: health care
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: Hurt said the CBO has estimated that the cost of health care reform will rise to $1.8 trillion, "increasing the price to far greater than the $900 billion projected" when the law was signed in 2010. The Republican correctly rounded off numbers contained in two CBO reports, but then he made a  comparison between them. The first estimate covers a 10-year period -- from 2010 to 2019 -- including four early years when costs for the phased-in reform are minimal. The second projection covers an 11-year period -- from 2012 to 2022 -- that adds three years when the program is in full force and drops the first two low-cost years of the law. Hurt did not mention these key differences. When you compare the years the reports have in common -- 2012 to 2019 -- gross-cost projections in the the latter study are 8.6 percent higher than in the initial work. So there’s some  in Hurt’s  that estimates for the cost of health care reform have increased. But his statement implies he projections have doubled, and that’s plain . We rate Hurt’s statement .
Statement: Sex traffickers are using a zip-tie contraption on the door handles of vehicles "to trick females into looking down and digging for something in their purse to cut with ... Once they're distracted, boom! They are quickly forced into another vehicle, never to be seen again by their people.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 15, 2020
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Shared Hope International , a nonprofit, Christian organization with a similar mission, told us that "trafficking victims are generally not kidnapped or taken away from their families abruptly." The bottom line: It’s important to stay aware of your surroundings, and should you want to report or seek services related to a case of human trafficking, you can contact the National Human Trafficking Hotline at 1-888-373-7888 or email [email protected] . But the Facebook posts about zip ties — like similar posts before it — are an example of an unsubstantiated warning. We rate this post .
Statement: Says the state share of Texas public education spending increased 82 percent over the past decade, reaching $20 billion in 2009.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: February 8, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: his State of the State address
Fact-check justification: So, the state spent 84 percent more money in 2008-09 than before and per-student spending from all funding sources also was higher. Yet the state’s share of education spending -- a telling indicator of state support for the schools -- was down from what it was a decade earlier. We contacted Perry’s office about these aspects. Frazier said the governor stands behind his speech statement. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says the Memphis Police Department "will no longer respond" to crimes including larceny, breaking and entering, and motor vehicle theft.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 26, 2021
Location: tennessee
Topics: crime;public safety;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: However, soon after the department wrote on its verified Facebook page that the information in the post is .   "THIS IS NOT  and is  information that someone (outside of WREG) created," the police post says. "MPD continues to respond to all calls for service." According to the department’s website, each of the nine police stations located throughout the city has a general investigation bureau that is set up to investigate crimes including: burglary, intimidation, motor vehicle theft, pocket picking, robbery, shoplifting, theft, threatening, obscene or harassing phone calls, vandalism, and stolen property. We rate this  .
Statement: As governor, Ted Strickland left only 89 cents in Ohio's rainy day fund.
Speaker: u.s. chamber of commerce
About the speaker: From the chamber's Web site: "The U.S. Chamber of Commerce is the world's largest business federation representing 3 million businesses of all sizes, sectors, and regions, as well as state and local chambers and industry associations. More than 96% of U.S. Chamber members are small businesses with 100 employees or fewer."
Date: August 12, 2016
Location: ohio
Topics: economy
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Campaign ads criticized Strickland for leaving Ohio’s rainy day fund at $.89 when he left office as governor. Strickland’s defenders say the recession that hit the United States and Ohio required Strickland and state officials to drain the $1 billion fund. And they note the fund started to be replenished at the tail-end of his final budget, even though Strickland had left office. But we don't think that affects the accuracy of this . We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/2ce48995-a59a-4079-94eb-6d03717ebdf6
Statement: Wisconsin is "dead last in the Midwest for job creation.
Speaker: mark pocan
About the speaker: Mark Pocan was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2nd Congressional District on Nov. 6, 2012. He is from Madison and previously served as a Democratic member of the Wisconsin state Assembly. 
Date: March 10, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs;labor;government regulation;unions;workers
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Pocan said Wisconsin is "dead last in the Midwest for job creation." Among 10 Midwestern states -- in terms of percentage growth in private-sector jobs -- the latest figures show Wisconsin is tied for ninth. So, not quite "dead last." We rate Pocan’s statement . To comment on this item, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel’s web page .
Statement: ISIS is already using the rhetoric from the Trump administration, the text of this executive order, to incite attacks against us and to recruit more terrorists to their side.
Speaker: seth moulton
About the speaker: Seth Moulton is a representative of Massachusetts’s 6th Congressional District. He has represented the district since 2014. Moulton served in the U.S. Marine Corps from 2001 to 2008 and attained the rank of captain. After being discharged from the Iraq War, he received an MBA from Harvard Business School and an MPP from the Harvard Kennedy School. Moulton previously received a bachelor’s degree in physics from Harvard University. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in August.
Date: January 31, 2017
Location: national
Topics: terrorism
Context: a CNN interview
Fact-check justification: Moulton said, "ISIS is already using the rhetoric from the Trump administration, the text of this executive order, to incite attacks against us and to recruit more terrorists to their side." Experts we communicated with said they believe the order plays into terrorist groups’ message that the United States is at war with Islam. Terrorist groups' sympathizers have discussed the ban on social media channels. However, experts said that neither ISIS or other major groups had made official announcements on Trump’s policy. We rate Moulton's statement .
Statement: And the #jerseycomeback keeps rolling! Thanks to @GovChristie NJ now has lowest corruption risk of any state.
Speaker: new jersey republican state committee
About the speaker: The New Jersey Republican State Committee represents the GOP in the Garden State.
 
Date: March 19, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: ethics
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Referring to a nationwide investigation comparing states for their risk of corruption, New Jersey’s Republican Party claimed in a March 19 tweet: "Thanks to @GovChristie NJ now has lowest corruption risk of any state." But the regulations behind New Jersey’s highest scores were put in place before Christie became governor. As governor, Christie’s proposed ethics reforms have stalled in the Democrat-controlled Legislature. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Jeb Bush recently noted, Reagan himself would have been too moderate, too reasonable for today's GOP.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: September 6, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: history
Context: a Democratic National Convention speech
Fact-check justification: We think it’s clear Bush said the partisan divide would make it difficult for Reagan to govern the way he did (i.e., Republicans might have been mad at him for working with Democrats, and Democrats might be unwilling to work with him because he’s a Republican.) What’s murky is whether Bush said -- or suggested -- Reagan would be "too moderate" and "too reasonable for today's GOP." We do know that Bush has since distanced himself from the suggestion that Reagan could not survive in today’s Republican Party. In this case, we think it’s fair to dock Crist points for cherry-picking one interpretation of Bush’s statement and for failing to factor in Bush’s subsequent remarks. On balance, we rate this statement . PolitiFact Florida is partnering with 10 News for the election. See video fact-checks here .
Statement: This year President Obama canceled the 21st annual National Day of Prayer ceremony at the White House under the ruse of 'not wanting to offend anyone.' BUT … on September 25, 2009 from 4 AM until 7 PM, a National Day of Prayer FOR THE MUSLIM RELIGION was HELD on Capitol Hill, Beside the White House.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: January 30, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: islam;religion
Context: a chain email
Fact-check justification: A chain email circulating in New Jersey that Obama canceled the 21st annual National Day of Prayer ceremony in 2009 but a National Day of Prayer for Muslims was held later that year on Capitol Hill is full of inaccuracies. While it’s  that Obama did not hold a public ceremony at the White House that President George W. Bush did, it’s untrue that the ceremony would have been the 21st annual event. But wait – there’s more: the email’s author incorrectly located Capitol Hill as "beside" the White House and identified Muslim as a religion. Despite the numerous errors in the email, it does contain an element of  -- and that fits the -O-Meter’s definition for . To comment on this story, go to  NJ.com .
Statement: We're broke. We don't have any more money.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: February 21, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: labor;state budget
Context: a news conference and many other venues
Fact-check justification: Walker has promised not to increase taxes. That takes one tool off the table. Another tool was never there: declaring bankruptcy. We’re not broke or bankrupt in part because under federal law we can’t be. We rate Walker’s statement .
Statement: Tim Kaine "made Virginia the best state for business four years in a row.
Speaker: majority pac
About the speaker: Majority PAC is an organization seeking to protect the Democratic majority in the U.S. Senate in 2012.
Date: June 17, 2012
Location: virginia
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Majority Pac says Tim Kaine "made Virginia the best state for business four years in a row." The state earned the honor from Forbes Magazine for four straight years when Kaine was governor, but it’s  to say Kaine created the conditions that led to Virginia’s selection. The major attributes Forbes cited for Virginia’s rating were in place long before Kaine took office: a low corporate tax rate, AAA bond rating, infrastructure, location, an educated workforce and top universities. Kaine certainly deserves kudos for preserving Virginia’s assets. But as governor, he attributed the top honors to Virginia’s "bipartisan tradition" of building a strong business climate. So we rate Majority PAC’s  .
Statement: Before this day is out, 18 more veterans will have taken their own lives.  That is the daily average, it is intolerable, and it has to stop.
Speaker: rush holt
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Rush Holt is a Democrat representing New Jersey's 12th district.
Date: December 14, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: veterans
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: In announcing Congressional approval of $40 million that he sought to support suicide prevention programs for the military, Holt in a December press release said an average of 18 veterans commit suicide daily. The VA said that figure is the best estimate it has. A U.S. Court of Appeals  opinion as well as email exchanges between VA officials and a statistical analysis undertaken by a national news network all cite that statistic. We rate the  . To comment on this ruling, go to  NJ.com .
Statement: First, Donald Trump said wages are too high, and both Donald Trump and Mike Pence think we ought to eliminate the federal minimum wage.
Speaker: tim kaine
About the speaker: Tim Kaine is a U.S. senator representing Virginia, elected to the Senate in 2012. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for vice president.
Kaine was governor from 2006 to 2010, lieutenant governor from 2002 to 2006, mayor of Richmond from 1998 to 2001, and city councilman of Richmond beginning in 1994. He was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011.
Kaine was born in St. Paul, Minn. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1979 from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1983. He took a year-long break during law school to work with the Jesuit order as a Catholic missionary in Honduras, becoming fluent in Spanish.
 
Date: October 4, 2016
Location: national
Topics: economy;income;labor;government regulation;poverty;small business;wealth;workers
Context: the 2016 Vice Presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Kaine said "First, Donald Trump said wages are too high, and both Donald Trump and Mike Pence think we ought to eliminate the federal minimum wage." He’s right that Trump has said that about wages, but Kaine  by saying Trump and Pence want to eliminate the minimum wage. Trump has been all over the map on wages and the federal minimum wage. He has said he wouldn’t raise the minimum wage. He later seemed open to raising the minimum wage but has said that states should make the decision. Pence’s record in Congress showed he was against raising the minimum wage and made some critical comments about the idea of a minimum wage, but we didn’t find him calling for eliminating it. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/52d80a8e-d8ca-4fa4-aca2-861eb5fbfb87
Statement: GEORGIA ROADWAY FATALITIES THIS YEAR: 59
PLEASE DRIVE SAFELY
Speaker: georgia department of transportation
About the speaker: The Georgia Department of Transportation plans and maintains state roads and bridges.
Date: January 24, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: public safety
Context: overhead sign on I-85 South
Fact-check justification: Interstate message boards are being used to alert the motoring public to the latest data on roadway deaths. That can be quickly changing data. Last year, about three people died each day on Georgia roads. That’s a statistic worth pointing out. We rate the DOT post .