chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says that in 2001, Rick Perry spoke favorably of binational health insurance between Mexico and Texas.
Speaker: rick santorum
About the speaker: Rick Santorum is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2012.
Date: September 22, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;health care
Context: a Republican presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Perry talked about binational health insurance in a 2001 speech, as Santorum said. However, his dig about Perry's mention wrongly implies that the governor is working to establish binational health insurance. We found no  of Perry taking further action in the 10 years since. We rate Santorum's statement . To comment on this ruling, "like" us on Facebook .
Statement: Nearly 60 percent of women who use birth control do so for more than just family planning.
Speaker: debbie wasserman schultz
About the speaker: Debbie Wasserman Schultz became the chairwoman of the Democratic National Committee in 2011 and resigned in July 2016. The Florida Democrat was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2004 after serving in the state senate. She represents Congressional District 23 in Broward and Miami-Dade counties.
Date: June 30, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: health care;supreme court;women
Context: a statement to the media
Fact-check justification: Wasserman Schultz said that "nearly 60 percent of women who use birth control do so for more than just family planning." This  gets support from a Guttmacher Institute report that found 58 percent of pill users citing at least one non-contraceptive reason. However, Wasserman Schultz’s comment glosses over two important caveats. First, she said "women who use birth control," even though the study looked at women who use the birth control pill specifically -- a type of birth control that wasn’t even one of the ones directly at issue in the Supreme Court case. Second, the Guttmacher study found that birth control is indeed the most common reason that women use the pill, with 86 percent saying it was one of the reasons they chose that option. The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate it .
Statement: The Supreme Court ruled that border agents can enter anyone's home within a 100-mile radius of the border without a warrant for any reason and federal courts cannot do anything about it.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: June 21, 2022
Topics: immigration;border security;legal issues;supreme court;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed that the Supreme Court ruled that Border Patrol agents can enter any home within 100 miles of the border without a warrant and that federal courts have no way to address it.  The Supreme Court ruling in Egbert v. Boule does not grant any new powers to Border Patrol agents, who still cannot enter any home without a warrant or probable cause under the Fourth Amendment.  The ruling did narrow the path that victims of excessive force and other constitutional violations have to seek monetary damages from those agents through federal courts. Critics of the decision argue the ruling makes it more difficult for agents to be held accountable when they do violate people’s rights.  We rate this statement .
Statement: Gov. Kathy Hochul's "record" includes "firing" 34,000 health care workers.
Speaker: rob astorino
About the speaker: Rob Astorino is a Republican who is the former county executive of Westchester County, N.Y., just north of New York City. He is running for governor against Democratic Gov. Kathy Hochul.
Date: January 20, 2022
Location: new york
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Astorino said Hochul’s record included "firing" 34,000 health care workers. About 34,000 health care workers in New York state did leave their job after the vaccine mandate was enacted. However, less than a third of those could be described as being due to "firing." About two-thirds of the lost jobs stemmed from resignations, retirements, or furloughs by employees waiting to see how litigation against the mandate played out. We rate the statement .
Statement: A scheduled speech by President Barack Obama will be "the first time an American president has spoken directly to the nation's school children about persisting and succeeding in school.
Speaker: arne duncan
About the speaker: Arne Duncan is the U.S. Secretary of Education. Prior to his appointment as secretary of education, Duncan was chief executive officer of the Chicago Public Schools.
Date: August 26, 2009
Location: national
Topics: education
Context: a letter to principals
Fact-check justification: We looked for news reports of Democrats protesting Reagan's broadcast, but were unable to find any in electronic research databases. We should emphasize that this may be due to the fact that many news reports from 1986 are unavailable online. We feel that President George H.W. Bush's speech to students is enough  to show that Obama was not the first president to speak "directly to the nation's schoolchildren about persisting and succeeding in school." Bush's speech was quite explicitly "about persisting and succeeding in school." Duncan's statement is not accurate, so we rate it .
Statement: Under the Espionage Act, (Edward Snowden would not be) allowed to come into court and say 'I was justified in disclosing this information.' There is no whistleblower exception in the Espionage Act.
Speaker: glenn greenwald
About the speaker: Glenn Greenwald is a journalist formerly of the "Guardian." Greenwald published classifed material from National Security Administration contractor Edward Snowden. Greenwald is in the process of starting a new journalism project funded by eBay founder Pierre Omidyar.
 
 
Date: January 2, 2014
Topics: homeland security;legal issues;crime;foreign policy;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of CNN's "The Lead"
Fact-check justification: Greenwald said that if Snowden returned to the United States, he would have no protections under the Espionage Act and would not be allowed to justify his actions in court. In terms of the law, Greenwald is literally correct. Two other legal documents, however, could have provided Snowden some potential protections before he shared classified information with the press. But once he did, no law offers Snowden any shelter. Greenwald’s further  on what Snowden could say in his defense is less clear because it depends on what government prosecutors would do. We can’t assess the accuracy of any statement about future outcomes. However, it is clear that there is ample precedent to show that Snowden would have no guaranteed opportunity to explain his motivations. Folding in that ambiguity, we rate the  .
Statement: Forty-seven percent of (members of Congress) are millionaires.
Speaker: rob woodall
About the speaker: Rod Woodall, a Republican, is the U.S. Representative for Georgia's 7th Congressional District.
Date: January 25, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: congress
Context: a meeting
Fact-check justification: They are John Barrow, Phil Gingrey, Tom Graves, Johnny Isakson, Jack Kingston, Tom Price and Austin Scott. U.S. Sen. Saxby Chambliss, who announced last month that he will not seek another Senate term in 2014, has a net worth of $337,505, according to the Post and about $400,000, according to Open Secrets. To sum up, Woodall said 47 percent of the members of Congress are millionaires. The research we found shows there’s a very strong case that he’s correct. We rate his  .
Statement: Kasich's budget increases state spending from $50.5 billion to $55.6 billion. This is the second largest, two-year spending increase in Ohio history.
Speaker: armond budish
About the speaker: Rep. Armond Budish, a Democrat from Beachwood, Ohio, formerly was speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives. Be became the minority leader in 2011 after Republicans regained control of the House in the 2010 elections.
Date: May 14, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: state budget
Context: a newspaper column
Fact-check justification: From that perspective, Budish’s statement seems logical. Lawmakers and the public have traditionally focused on the general revenue fund because it is the figure that lawmakers have direct say so over how to spend. Knowing that the GRF represents part of all state spending, and that the all funds budget is much larger, is an additional point that provides clarification. And while Budish couldn’t provide documentation for his "Ohio history" reference, it is clear that Ohio has never passed a general revenue fund budget prior to 1968 that is anywhere in the stratosphere of what lawmakers are presently debating in the Statehouse. On the -O-Meter, we rate Budish’s comment .
Statement: Says Mahatma Gandhi once said, "First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, then you win.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: February 28, 2016
Location: national
Topics: history
Context: an Instagram meme
Fact-check justification: Trump quoted Mahatma Gandhi as saying, "First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, then you win." There's no  that Gandhi ever said any such thing. Hillary Clinton, Bernie Sanders and many others have made the same . The  is .
Statement: In the past three years, we have prosecuted or brought more cases on access to public records than in the previous 12 years combined.
Speaker: peter kilmartin
About the speaker: Peter Kilmartin has been Rhode Island's attorney general since Jan. 4, 2011. He is a lawyer and retired captain in the Pawtucket Police Department who, until his election, had been a state Representative since 1991.
Date: October 2, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: candidate biography;history;legal issues;government regulation;transparency
Context: an interview on Rhode Island Public Radio
Fact-check justification: Whitehouse had just one during his four years in that office. We can't say if the trend is due to previous attorneys general being less aggressive in prosecuting violations of the state's open government laws than Kilmartin, or if public bodies are getting more brazen in ignoring them. Certainly the latest ACCESS/RI report offers  that the phrase "open government" is -- for some of Rhode Island's "public" bodies -- an oxymoron.     Rhode Island's culture of secrecy persists, but Kilmartin has filed more lawsuits than his two predecessors conbined so we rate Kilmartin's  as  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: United Nations Resolution is the single largest economic sanctions package ever on North Korea. Over one billion dollars in cost to N.K.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 5, 2017
Location: national
Topics: homeland security
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump tweeted, "United Nations Resolution is the single largest economic sanctions package ever on North Korea. Over one billion dollars in cost to N.K." The United Nations Security Council on Aug. 5 passed a resolution to sanction North Korea in response to its ballistic missile tests. The resolution bans the country’s export of coal, iron, iron ore, seafood, lead and lead ore to other countries; freezes assets of certain entities and individuals; and prevents other nations from increasing the number of work permits to be issued to North Korean nationals. Overall, the sanctions could represent about $1 billion in costs to North Korea — but experts say that greatly depends on other nations’ full enforcement of the sanctions. Trump’s statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate it .
Statement: About a federal hospital price transparency requirement, "Nobody's enforcing that law.
Speaker: power to the patients
About the speaker: Power to the Patients, a national organization national organization working to combat hidden health care prices, is in partnership with Fat Joe the rapper to bring to light information about hospital price transparency. 
Date: April 19, 2022
Topics: health care;health check
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: Hospitals have taken their time in posting the required price information. Many still need to provide some, or all, of what is required. And enforcement has proved to be time-intensive and bureaucratic. However, the transparency directive is a first-of-its-kind rule, so a learning curve was to be expected, for both hospitals and regulators, as they determined the types of data required and the format in which to post the information. Although it is correct to say that the enforcement has been slow and spotty, experts maintain that ramping it up takes time. And when the ad first aired this spring, enforcement was especially lackluster. However, the ad continues to run unaltered, even as enforcement efforts have started to gain steam. In other words, the statement is partly accurate but leaves out important context. We rate this .
Statement: Says former FBI Director James Comey admitted to leaking classified information.
Speaker: north carolina republican party
About the speaker: The N.C. GOP is a political party in North Carolina
Date: June 8, 2017
Location: north carolina
Topics: homeland security;legal issues;states
Context: an official statement
Fact-check justification: Speaking for the North Carolina Republican Party, former U.S. Rep. Robin Hayes said former FBI Director James Comey admitted to leaking classified information. That’s . Comey never admitted to leaking classified information, which would be a crime. In fact, he said he was careful to write the one memo that he did leak so that it would not contain any classified information. The accusation was  and easily debunked. We rate this  .
Statement: Says new figures he released showing Wisconsin job gains for 2011 are "the final job numbers.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: May 16, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs;message machine 2012;workers
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Walker didn’t respond to our request for comment on his . But his own Department of Workforce Development, which submits the jobs data to BLS, notes that BLS won’t issue an official figure for 2011 until the end of June. Our rating Walker said new figures he released indicating Wisconsin added more than 20,000 jobs in 2011 are "the final job numbers." But the count won’t become final until after it is reviewed by the federal government. We rate Walker’s statement .
Statement: Tampa mayoral opponent Bob Buckhorn "supported forcing police officers to keep their guns locked in the trunks of their cruisers.
Speaker: rose ferlita
About the speaker: Tampa mayoral candidate Rose Ferlita.
Date: March 10, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a campaign TV ad
Fact-check justification: Ferlita’s ad says "Buckhorn supported forcing police officers to keep their guns locked in the trunks of their cruisers." Buckhorn worked for Freedman, yes, but the record shows that the shotgun-in-the-trunk policy came from police themselves, not from the mayor's office. Also, the policy in question concerned shotguns, not all guns. And officials have twice refuted this . As a result, we rate this statement .
Statement: North Carolina Gov. Roy Cooper's "daughter is having a big wedding today. 500 people. Then going to lock you down on Monday.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 22, 2020
Location: north carolina
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Can we all go back to focusing on slowing the deadly virus that’s circulating?" The Facebook post is also  that the state is in lockdown. On Nov. 23, Cooper announced additional COVID-19 measures , such as tightening the existing statewide mask requirement, that go into effect on Nov. 25.   The state was already under other restrictions that limit most indoor gatherings to 10 people and most outdoor gatherings to 25 people.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: News photo from stay-at-home protest was doctored to add Confederate flag.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 19, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post showing two photographs from a rally that protested coronavirus stay-at-home orders suggests that one of the photos, taken by the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, was doctored. Our analysis found the photo, which shows one man holding a Don’t Tread on Me flag and a Confederate flag, was not altered. The person is visible in several other posts we found that were not from the newspaper. We rate the statement .
Statement: Gas prices were "$1.86 when I left" the White House.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: December 8, 2021
Topics: gas prices
Context: an interview with Hugh Hewitt
Fact-check justification: Trump said that gasoline prices were $1.86 a gallon when he left office. The national average price for gasoline when Trump left the White House was actually $2.38, or about 28% higher than what Trump said. We rate the statement .
Statement: Muslims tried to use Sharia law to influence court decisions in New Jersey and Oklahoma
Speaker: herman cain
About the speaker: Herman Cain is an author, columnist and talk radio host. Cain, a former pizza franchise CEO, ran for president as a Republican in 2012.
Date: June 13, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: religion
Context: Manchester, NH
Fact-check justification: Voters did pass an amendment to the state constitution that would prevent the use of Sharia law in state courts, but supporters found no instance where "Muslims did try to influence court decisions with Sharia law," as Cain said. There was a New Jersey case in which a judge considered Islamic law when he denied a request for a restraining order. However, since the issue of Islamic law arose only when the New Jersey judge questioned the couple’s imam, it is unfair to accuse Muslims of trying to "influence court decisions with Sharia law." The judge raised the subject. We rule Cain’s statement .
Statement: The violent crime rate in America is the same as it was in 1968, yet our prison system has grown by over 500 percent.
Speaker: john lewis
About the speaker: Civil Rights icon John Lewis represents Georgia's 5th Congressional District. He was the recipient of the presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor, in February 2011. 
Lewis is the oldest surviving keynote speaker of the 1963 March on Washington.
 
Date: May 17, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: civil rights;criminal justice
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: The data we saw show they are correct about the growth of the prison system, but the nation’s violent crime rate has increased nationally. They used California and New York City to make their case about the crime rate, but the national crime rate has increased since 1968 and so has the crime rate in cities like Atlanta. We believe more  is necessary for Lewis and Stevenson to prove the first part of the statement. The second part is on target. On balance, we rate this  as .
Statement: A photo taken by a journalist showing a beach in Jacksonville, Fla., isn't from after the government
reopened the beach as news reports have claimed.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 19, 2020
Location: florida
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: David Rosenblum, the photographer that shot the image in question, told us he was surprised people were claiming the pier in his photo looked the same as it did before it was battered by the hurricane.   "Biggest giveaway would be the original had three bench/huts and a ‘T’ on the end," he said. "Both are gone. Only 2 benches/huts remain." We rate claims that the crowded Jacksonville Beach photos aren’t from during the pandemic .
Statement: The Republican leadership's budget proposal "doesn't contain any numbers.
Speaker: robert gibbs
About the speaker: Robert Gibbs served as White House press secretary for President Barack Obama. He now is a Democratic consultant.
Date: March 26, 2009
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: a statement during a press briefing
Fact-check justification: The Republican House leaders said they will be releasing more data next week. Perhaps that will include some numbers. But Gibbs was right. The first version of the "Republican Road to Recovery" is a budget without budget numbers. We find Gibbs' statement to be .