chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Only seven of 18 federal food assistance programs have been associated with positive health and nutrition outcomes, while the remaining 11 have not been effective.
Speaker: jim jordan
About the speaker: Jim Jordan is a member of the House of Representative from Ohio's 4th Congressional District. A conservative Republican, Jordan is chair of the Republican Study Committee.
Date: June 1, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: federal budget
Context: a House committee hearing
Fact-check justification: But the second part of his , that other 11 were found to be ineffective, was . To his credit, his office readily acknowledged the . But a tenet of PolitiFact is that words matter, and in this case, a part of his remarks made in a formal hearing was . His underlying point -- that more assessment of the programs is needed -- is buttressed by the GAO report. With half the statement on point but the other half off target, on the -O-Meter his  rates as .
Statement: Obama "promises more taxes on small business, seniors, your life savings, your family.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: August 8, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: Those higher incomes constitute a small percentage of U.S. taxpayers,  the top 1 percent. The ad says that Obama "promises more taxes on small business, seniors, your life savings, your family." That sounds like a broad-brush statement of Obama's taxation philosophy. But Obama does not promise those things; in fact, he promises more taxes for taxpayers with the highest incomes. McCain's statement is a distortion of Obama's proposals, and we find it .
Statement: There are nearly 500,000 registered sex offenders across the country and at any one time about 100,000 are unaccounted for.
Speaker: peter palumbo
About the speaker: Peter Palumbo was a Rhode Island state representative whose district included Cranston. He served in the legislature from 1994 until he was defeated for reelection in 2014. Prior to that he was a Cranston City Councilman for five years.
Date: January 25, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: children;crime
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: A team of academics says they’re substantially overstated. Data from Rhode Island and nearby states supports that view. Clearly, when even one registered sex offender is missing, that’s a serious problem -- a problem Palumbo is trying to fix. But public officials owe it to their constituents to get the facts right when they’re trying to address such issues. Palumbo’s statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression -- the PolitiFact definition for .
Statement: When I was mayor of New York City, I encouraged adoptions. Adoptions went up 65-70 percent. Abortions went down 16 percent.
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: May 3, 2007
Location: national
Topics: abortion
Fact-check justification: So, he's got his numbers right on abortion rates, but he has inflated the adoption figures by getting too fancy with his math. We find his overall  . UPDATE: We've corrected the launch date for the Administration for Children's Services. We mistakenly said 2006 when we should have said 1996.
Statement: George Soros owns the WuXi PHARMA LAB located in Wuhan, China where COVID-19 was developed and conveniently Broke Out.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 15, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a text post
Fact-check justification: RELATED: 7 ways to avoid misinformation during the coronavirus pandemic An article published March 17 says that, while the exact origin of the coronavirus is still unclear, its genetic makeup of the coronavirus precludes it from being created in a lab. "If genetic manipulation had been performed, one of the several reverse-genetic systems available for betacoronaviruses would probably have been used," the analysis reads. "However, the genetic data irrefutably show that SARS-CoV-2 is not derived from any previously used virus backbone." The Facebook post is . We rate it .
Statement: Scores of politicians and others are on a "list" of sex cases from newly unsealed Ghislaine Maxwell court documents.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 31, 2020
Topics: criminal justice;crime;sexuality;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Republican County Councilman Keola Childs pleaded guilty to molesting" a child, the post says. Childs had served as a Republican on the Hawai'i County Council from 1992 to 1996. He pleaded guilty to sexually assaulting a child in 2000 and served jail time. We rate the post . PolitiFact researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this report.
Statement: More than 70,000" job openings are listed on a state jobs website.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: September 20, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;jobs;workers
Context: remarks during a campaign stop
Fact-check justification: Our rating Walker said "more than 70,000" job openings are listed on a state jobs website, JobCenterofWisconsin.com. The raw number of job listings exceeds that figure. But not all of the listings are verified by the state and thousands of the jobs are outside of Wisconsin. For a statement that is accurate but needs clarification, our rating is .   To comment on this item, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel’s web page .
Statement: The cheerleaders for the Dallas Cowboys have "entertained more troops in the world than Bob Hope.
Speaker: jerry jones
About the speaker: Jerry Jones has been the owner of the Dallas Cowboys football team since 1989.
Date: January 9, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: corrections and updates;military
Context: an interview with ESPN aired Jan. 9, 2015
Fact-check justification: Jones said the cheerleaders for the Dallas Cowboys have "entertained more troops in the world than Bob Hope." The cheerleaders may be outpacing other groups in USO tours, having toured nearly 80 times. But it looks like Hope, who died at 100 in July 2003 , performed before more troops, given that he had nearly 200 USO swings. We rate Jones'  .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. UPDATE, 4 p.m., Jan. 13, 2015: We updated this story Jan. 12, 2015, to correct the spelling of a USO official's name and to fold in that group's count of the troops entertained by the Cowboys cheerleaders since 2002. We updated it afresh the next day to add an Air Force mention of Hope entertaining millions of troops. These changes did not affect the rating of the statement.
Statement: COVID spelled backward is "divoc" which means "possession of the evil spirit" in Hebrew.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 19, 2022
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A woman in a Facebook video claims that COVID spelled backward is "Divoc," which means "possession of the evil spirit" in Hebrew. There is no such word in Hebrew. The closest existing word in the language is "dibbuk," which means evil possession, but the two are not the same word, linguistic experts said. We rate this .
Statement: Measures taken by my administration "have saved taxpayers $1 billion.
Speaker: donald carcieri
About the speaker: Donald Carcieri, a Republican, served as Rhode Island's governor from 2003 to 2010. He is a former CEO of Cookson America.
Date: November 8, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: state budget
Context: The Providence Journal
Fact-check justification: "We would have had to either increase taxes or other revenues or reduce expenditures in areas that might have been Draconian," she said. But there's no doubt that the Carcieri administration,  in concert with the General Assembly, helped save taxpayers a lot of money over the past eight years. If you take the most liberal interpretation claimed by the governor -- factoring in both past and future pension-reform and retiree health-care savings -- the final figure could be substantially more than $1 billion. If you take the most conservative estimate -- only counting pension-reform and retiree health-care savings to date and excluding "cost avoidance" -- the final figure, by our calculation, would total in the neighborhood of $930 million. We take the moderate approach, rating Carcieri's  "."
Statement: Go look on the West Point website and you'll see those specific words, 'full scholarship to West Point.' So even though it is, you know, given as a grant for anybody who gets in, those words are used.
Speaker: ben carson
About the speaker: Dr. Ben Carson is President Donald Trump's secretary for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. A retired pediatric neurosurgeon, Carson ran as a Republican for president in 2016. He owns homes in West Palm Beach and Maryland.
Date: November 8, 2015
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Carson defended his use of the word scholarship in discussing his recruitment to West Point, saying, "Go look on the West Point website and you’ll see those specific words, ‘full scholarship to West Point.’" The military academy has used the words "full scholarship" a few times in admissions literature and advertisements and in one place on its website. However, experts say Carson’s use of the word scholarship doesn’t properly explain the application and appointment process to West Point. Carson’s statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. That meets our definition of . Correction: After this story was published, we found an additional instance of the words "full scholarship" on West Point’s website. The article has been updated to reflect that. The ruling remains .
Statement: Most likely the primary control knob (for the earth's temperature) is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: June 19, 2017
Location: national
Topics: environment;climate change
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Energy Secretary Rick Perry said, "Most likely the primary control knob (for the earth’s temperature) is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in." Perry’s  contradicts settled science. While natural factors certainly affect the climate, human factors are the main contributor to global warming, and carbon dioxide has acted as the "primary control knob" governing the earth’s relatively recent uptick in temperature. We rate Perry’s statement .
Statement: The DC looting was staged" by antifa
Speaker: jonathan wichmann
About the speaker: Jonathan Wichmann is a Wisconsin Republican who says he is running for governor in 2022. He describes himself as a small business owner/entrepreneur.
Date: January 8, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;jan. 6
Context: a YouTube post
Fact-check justification: Wichmann said "the DC looting was staged" by antifa. Wichmann presents no  to back this  online or in response to our requests. This is a pure fiction that contradicts an array of easily accessible information. We rate this  .
Statement: She said, you know, 'I voted for it, but I hoped it wouldn't pass.' That was a quote on live TV.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: February 10, 2008
Location: national
Topics: bankruptcy
Context: Alexandra, Va
Fact-check justification: And yet, the latter is how Obama characterizes Clinton's words. We need to be clear on this point, given that Obama sets up his charge against Clinton as an example of "political talk" and follows it up with, "That kind of talk, I think it makes people not trust government." Absolutely, Clinton said she regretted her vote. And, had Obama phrased his charge differently, he would have a case here. But because he portrays her wording as a precise quote, and is so  about it, we give him a .
Statement: Last year, I proposed directing more of the education budget to teacher salaries, a move that would have resulted in an average $10,000 raise for teachers.
Speaker: dan patrick
About the speaker: As a Houston state senator, Dan Patrick won election as lieutenant governor of Texas in November 2014 after earlier defeating incumbent David Dewhurst for his party's nomination. Patrick also has hosted a daily talk show on AM700 in Houston.
Date: January 16, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a campaign video
Fact-check justification: Patrick said: "Last year, I proposed directing more of the education budget to teacher salaries, a move that would have resulted in an average $10,000 raise for teachers." Patrick made no proposal to direct more of the state's education budget to teacher salaries. Rather, he told reporters that lawmakers should tell school districts to set aside more money for such salaries by reducing other expenditures. That idea, which Patrick said would boost the average salary by $8,000, never got written into a legislative proposal. We rate this  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: NATO is opening up a major terror division. ... I'm sure I'm not going to get credit for it, but that was largely because of what I was saying and my criticism of NATO.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 26, 2016
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;military;terrorism
Context: a presidential debate at Hofstra University
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "NATO is opening up a major terror division. ... I'm sure I'm not going to get credit for it, but that was largely because of what I was saying and my criticism of NATO." The change he’s apparently referring to -- the creation of a new senior post and division for coordinating intelligence sharing -- is just the most recent incremental change in how the alliance handles counter-terrorism, a topic it has addressed, in big ways and small, for more than 30 years. There is no  that the change was made in response to Trump’s complaints about the alliance. Experts said such changes typically require a longer gestation period so that all member nations can get on board. We rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: Many of (Hillary Clinton's) friends took bigger deductions (than me). Warren Buffett took a massive deduction. (George) Soros, who is a friend of hers, took a massive deduction.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 9, 2016
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: the second presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Many of (Hillary Clinton’s) friends took bigger deductions (than me). Warren Buffett took a massive deduction. Soros, who is a friend of hers, took a massive deduction." Trump’s $916 million loss could have allowed him to have a $50 million deduction each year for 18 years. As for Buffet and Soros, Trump is likely referring to a $514 million deduction Buffett’s company, not Buffett himself, took in 2013. (We’ll note that this amount is actually smaller than what Trump would have been permitted to take.) Buffett says he personally took a $5.5 million deduction. Soros manages a hedge fund. Experts told us any deductions from this hedge fund would not appear on Soros’ personal tax returns. Without copies of actual tax return forms, it’s impossible to tell for sure what each man did with their taxes, but with the information available, it seems that the situations of Buffett and Soros are not that similar to Trump’s. We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: The budget currently being debated "significantly decreases the use of one-time resources.
Speaker: ron amstutz
About the speaker: State Rep. Ron Amstutz represents the 3rd House District, which includes all of Wayne County, Ohio. He has 30 years of service in both the Ohio Senate and the Ohio House.
Date: May 28, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: state budget
Context: a newspaper column
Fact-check justification: Again, he says the state is relying on $1.2 billion in one-time money in the first year of the proposed budget, which is pretty darn close to $1.16 billion. And, as he says, the budget eliminates in the second year all one-time money except $100 million. Though debate still exists over the exact figure of one-time money used in the last budget cycle, the level of one-time money used was unprecedented and is clearly far greater than what is proposed in the new budget. Amstutz’ statement is accurate and there’s nothing significantly missing for a full understanding. On the -O-Meter, PolitiFact Ohio rates Amstutz’ statement as .
Statement: Peak active cases" of COVID-19 for 2020 vs. 2021 show "this is not a 'pandemic of the unvaccinated.'
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 12, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral image claimed that "peak active cases" of COVID-19 for 2020 vs. 2021 show "this is not a ‘pandemic of the unvaccinated.'" "Peak active cases" is not a term used by researchers and it was not clear what figures listed in the image were counting. New cases in the U.S. peaked in August 2021, after the more contagious delta variant became predominant. But data show the unvaccinated are far more likely to become infected, and to become hospitalized or die, than the vaccinated. We rate the post .
Statement: Says an image shows a photo of hurricane-ravaged Abaco Island in the Bahamas.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 2, 2019
Topics: weather;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The caption indicates that the image was taken Oct. 17, 2018, in Mexico Beach, Fla., after Hurricane Michael — a storm that caused catastrophic damage in the Florida Panhandle. However, early reports and images from the Bahamas, and the Abaco Islands specifically, do indicate that there has been widespread devastation. The New York Times reported that thousands of homes have been destroyed, and early images from the Associated Press show flooding and structural damage. The Facebook post is not accurate. We rate it .
Statement: Atlanta has issued an increasing number of citations - and collected an increasing amount of revenue - since Mayor Kasim Reed took office in 2010.
Speaker: reader 
About the speaker: A reader of PolitiFact Georgia.
Date: September 3, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: crime;public safety
Context: an email from a reader
Fact-check justification: A reader reached out to PolitiFact Georgia, claiming Atlanta has issued an increasing number of misdemeanor citations since Mayor Kasim Reed took office in 2010. The reason was money, the reader argued. We couldn’t confirm the numbers the reader had calculated. But our research showed that tickets issued since Reed took office have increased, both when issued by city police and the city’s outsourced parking enforcer. Combined, the number of citations increased about 16 percent in that time – and the revenue collected from them swelled a whopping 45 percent. City leaders have a point that some growth would be expected, given the private parking enforcement and the increase in officers in the city. Proving the motivation – increased revenue, more focused policing or a combination of both – is difficult, if not impossible, to pinpoint. But even with the caveats, the statistics back up the  about ticket and revenue growth. We rate the  .
Statement: The health care law includes tort reform.
Speaker: anthony weiner
About the speaker: Anthony Weiner is a former congressman who represented parts of New York City, including Brooklyn, Kew Gardens and Rockaway.
Date: January 19, 2011
Location: national
Topics: health care;legal issues
Context: a speech on the House floor
Fact-check justification: But in claiming that the law includes tort reform, he is significantly mischaracterizing the law. Although it has a tiny amount of money for state pilot projects that look at alternatives to litigation, they are so small that they were ignored by the leading group that opposes tort reform -- the trial lawyers. The group's president said the projects weren't anything to be concerned about. That puts the projects at such a great distance from any sort of traditional notion of tort reform that they're just not even in the same ballpark. We rate Weiner's statement .