chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Federal spending is "the highest it's been as a share of our economy in 60 years (and) revenue is the lowest it's been as a share of our economy in 60 years.
Speaker: kent conrad
About the speaker: Kent Conrad is a Democratic Senator from North Dakota. He is the top Democrat on the Senate Budget Committee.
Date: November 14, 2010
Location: national
Topics: economy;federal budget;this week - abc news;taxes
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week with Christiane Amanpour"
Fact-check justification: According to the table, tax receipts as a share of GDP were always higher all the way back through 1950, when they accounted for 14.4 percent of GDP. That would be 59 years -- not quite 60, but very, very close. The recession factors into the tax revenue statistic as well. Both the 2008 stimulus package under President George W. Bush and the 2009 stimulus under President Barack Obama included tax breaks as a major component. Because the statistics show a number so close to 60 years -- and because Conrad was speaking during a television interview rather than a prepared speech or written statement -- we'll give him some leeway and rate the statement .
Statement: The US government is trying to create food shortages by telling farmers to destroy their crops.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 24, 2021
Topics: agriculture;food;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A compilation of videos being shared on Facebook all  that the federal government is telling farmers in the U.S. to destroy their crops, and threatening to withhold subsidies. Several users  it’s to artificially cause food shortages in the country. The USDA said farmers are not being told to destroy their crops, and that there are no nationwide food shortages on the horizon. Two people featured in the compilation later admitted they were joking in their videos. We rate this  .
Statement: It takes as much energy to make a solar panel as it likely generates in its entire life.
Speaker: j.d. alexander
About the speaker: Sen. J.D. Alexander is a Republican from Lake Wales. He was first elected to the Florida Senate in 2002.
Date: September 16, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: environment;energy
Context: a news article
Fact-check justification: By saying "as it likely generates in its entire life," Alexander suggests that he's talking about a typical example of solar panel output, not a fringe case with undefined "other conditions." Thus, our ruling. Alexander’s own  says his view "can be rejected," and a mainstream consumer publication call it "simply a myth." But he uses this long-debunked  to help justify rejecting $13.9 million in federal funds for Floridians. We have no choice other than to focus a little sunlight his way and declare his .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama "will not utter the words 'radical Islamic terrorism' and as matter of policy, nobody in the administration will say the words 'radical Islamic terrorism.'
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: November 14, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: islam;terrorism
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Cruz said that Obama administration won’t use the phrase "radical Islamic terrorism." Although we wouldn’t swear White House officials never have uttered the words in public, we could find no  to the contrary. It’s clear that the administration prefers non-religious ways to describe the Islamic State - such as a "terrorist group," "violent extremism" and "twisted ideology." We rate Cruz’s statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/6a836aeb-405a-49f2-9a3f-32ac9afef818
Statement: It costs us, logistically, three times more to fight in Afghanistan than it does in any other place.
Speaker: michael j. gardiner
About the speaker: Michael J. Gardiner is a lawyer who has run unsuccessfully for Congress twice in the 2nd District, in 2010 and 2012. Born in 1962, he is a graduate of Cranston High School East, the University of Rhode Island and the Western New College School of Law. He served in the Rhode Island Army National Guard from 1981 through 1992. He is divorced with one child.
Date: August 30, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: afghanistan;federal budget;iraq;terrorism
Context: a Rhode Island News Channel debate
Fact-check justification: We took the September spending numbers for each year and each war and calculated the approximate cost per service member. Over the life of the Afghanistan war, the cost through September comes out to roughly $1.26 million per person. The average is $758,000 per person in Iraq. So it has cost, on a per-service member basis, about two thirds more to fight in Afghanistan than in Iraq. We rate Gardiner's statement .
Statement: Republican candidate for California governor Travis Allen "gave campaign donations to Jerry Brown, Gavin Newsom and Barbara Boxer.
Speaker: john cox
About the speaker: John Cox is a Republican businessman who lives in San Diego County. He is a candidate in the 2021 election to recall California Gov. Gavin Newsom. He ran and lost in the 2018 race for California governor.
Date: April 23, 2018
Location: california
Topics: campaign finance;negative campaigning;the 2018 california governor's race
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: In a recent TV ad , John Cox’s campaign for governor claimed rival GOP candidate Travis Allen donated to three of California’s top Democrats. Campaign records prove the , though the contributions took place a decade ago, before Allen entered politics. The statement is accurate but needs this clarification. We rate it .   – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Under federal law, Jared Loughner "would not have been able to buy a gun" had he been identified as mentally ill.
Speaker: sherrod brown
About the speaker: Sherrod Brown is a Democratic U.S. Senator representing Ohio. He won his first elected office to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1974. He later served as Ohio secretary of state and was elected to Congress in 1992. He first joined the U.S. Senate in 2007.
Date: January 11, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: guns
Context: an MSNBC interview
Fact-check justification: We’ll concede that  Brown was speaking as a guest on a fast-moving TV program where four other people were jumping in with opinions -- not exactly a forum for discussing the nuances of federal gun law. Nevertheless, his statement lacked the caveat that if Loughner had been diagnosed but had committed himself voluntarily and was not adjudicated by a court, he still could have bought a gun legally. That’s a point of clarification important for a full understanding of his statement. We rate his  . Comment on this item.
Statement: Michigan has been "like a prison" during the coronavirus.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 22, 2020
Location: michigan
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Trump claimed that "it’s been like a prison" in Michigan under Whitmer’s leadership during the coronavirus pandemic. Whitmer implemented strict emergency measures in March, but they were  lifted across the state by June 1. All businesses and schools are allowed to be open. We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: Says Donald Trump got "exposed for raping a 13-year-old" in retaliation for law enforcement officers "killing black people.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 31, 2020
Topics: legal issues;crime;race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A recent Facebook post says President Donald Trump was "exposed for raping a 13-year-old" in retaliation for law enforcement officers "killing black people." A 2016 lawsuit accused Trump, then a candidate for president, of raping a minor, but no  was put forth before the case was dropped. There’s also no  that the allegation was tied to law enforcement officer-involved deaths of African-Americans. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: FDA announces 2 deaths of Pfizer vaccine trial participants from 'serious adverse events.'
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 8, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The blog post says that the FDA announced that two Pfizer vaccine trial participants had died from serious adverse events. A report from the FDA said that while two people who had received the vaccine had died, it didn’t say the vaccine caused their deaths, as this blog post suggests. We rate this post .
Statement: President Trump's Republican Party will create more debt in one year than was generated in the first 200 years of America's existence.
Speaker: joe scarborough
About the speaker: Joe Scarborough, a former Republican congressman from Florida, is the host of "Morning Joe" on MSNBC. He is a lawyer with Beggs and Lane, the oldest firm in Florida and a former publisher and editor of "The Florida Sun," a newspaper.
Date: September 11, 2018
Topics: debt;deficit;punditfact
Context: a newspaper column
Fact-check justification: Scarborough said, "President Trump’s Republican Party will create more debt in one year than was generated in the first 200 years of America’s existence." If you use the period 1776 to 1976, Scarborough is correct. However, it’s worth noting that much of today’s debt picture owes something to guidelines for mandatory spending and net interest for past debts, both of which were shaped by both parties. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Iowa Senate candidate Joni Ernst "promises to shut down the Department of Education and abolish the EPA.
Speaker: league of conservation voters
About the speaker: The Washington, D.C.-based League of Conservation Voters, according to the nonpartisan Center for Responsive Politics, is “a liberal-leaning organization that raises money primarily in support of environmentally friendly public policy.”
Date: June 23, 2014
Location: national
Topics: environment;education
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: An attack ad aired by the League of Conservation Voters said that Ernst wants to "shut down the Department of Education and abolish the EPA." In an April debate, Ernst called for the closure of both federal agencies, and her campaign didn’t dispute that. We rate this  .
Statement: On February 7, the WHO warned about the limited stock of PPE. That same day, the Trump administration announced it was sending 18 tons of masks, gowns and respirators to China.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 31, 2020
Location: national
Topics: china;health care;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said: "On February 7, the WHO warned about the limited stock of PPE. That same day, the Trump administration announced it was sending 18 tons of masks, gowns and respirators to China." The State Department announced the delivery of nearly 18 tons of donated materials on Feb. 7, the same day that the WHO sounded the alarm about the world’s supply of personal protective equipment. The donated materials came from private groups. We rate this statement .
Statement: Currently, Florida is one of only five states in the nation that prohibit citizens from buying electricity from companies that will put solar panels on your home or business.
Speaker: floridians for solar choice
About the speaker: Floridians for Solar Choice is a political action committee that is collecting signatures to get a question on the 2016 ballot to make it easier for property owners to obtain solar energy.
Date: January 14, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: energy
Context: a statement on a website
Fact-check justification: "Currently, Florida is one of only five states in the nation that prohibit citizens from buying electricity from companies that will put solar panels on your home or business," says Floridians for Solar Choice website. That statistic comes from a respected academic source that published its findings in 2014. However, the statement doesn’t mean that 45 states allow sales. Currently, 24 states specifically allow an entity to build a solar system on a customer’s property and then sell the power to the customer. In 21 states, the status is unclear or unknown, and pro-solar advocates say few if any sales are happening there. Still, the  is accurate that only five states specifically prohibit these types of sales. We rate this  .
Statement: Parents that go to school board meetings" and question the curriculum are being "flagged by the Department of Justice and the FBI for attending a meeting.
Speaker: scott perry
About the speaker: Republican Scott Perry was elected as the U.S. representative of Pennsylvania's 4th Congressional District (York, Adams and Cumberland counties) in 2013. He earned re-election in 2018, and due to redistricting, now serves the 10th Congressional District (Dauphin, Cumberland and York counties).
Date: January 8, 2023
Topics: education;crime
Context: ABC This Week interview
Fact-check justification: Perry said that "parents that go to school board meetings" and question the curriculum are being "flagged by the Department of Justice and the FBI for attending a meeting."  Perry’s office provided no  and his  echoes  statements about a 2021 Justice Department memo directing federal law enforcement to hold meetings nationwide about criminal threats against school officials.  The memo focused on monitoring criminal conduct; it wasn’t about investigating parents who spoke about curriculum at school board meetings.  The FBI created an EDUOFFICIALS "threat tag" as a logistical tool to track threats of violence against school officials, not to flag parents for attending meetings or questioning curriculum. We rate Perry’s statement .  RELATED : No, the FBI isn’t adding ‘threat tags’ for parents who protest school boards RELATED : Rick Scott wrongly warns FBI coming after loud parents at school board meetings
Statement: DEVELOPING: Kamala's sister takes hydroxychloroquine.
Speaker: paul sperry
About the speaker: Paul Sperry, former Washington bureau chief for Investor's Business Daily, writes commentaries for the New York Post.
Date: August 12, 2020
Location: california
Topics: candidate biography;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Sperry’s tweet is technically accurate: Maya Harris does take the drug. But, as many people pointed out in their replies to the tweet, it’s wrongly cast as if this is breaking news. Other comments make clear that at least some people are reading an unsaid suggestion: that she takes it to treat or prevent COVID-19.   She uses the drug for lupus.   We rate this tweet .
Statement: Says that the federal gas tax has not been raised since 1993.
Speaker: george voinovich
About the speaker: George Voinovich, a Republican, was a U.S. Senator from Ohio. He retired at the end of his term in 2010. Prior to that he was governor of Ohio, mayor of Cleveland and served in the Ohio General Assembly.
Date: November 8, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: infrastructure;jobs;transportation;taxes
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: But he’ll apparently have some sympathy from the debt commission; in a draft report released Wednesday , Nov. 10, the commission proposed a higher gasoline tax -- raising it gradually by 15 cents beginning in 2013 -- as a way to pay for transportation improvements without raiding the general government treasury. That’s less than Voinovich proposed, and it’s unknown if the provision will be included in the commission’s final report. Also unknown is whether a super-majority of the commission will agree with the full extent of commission proposals -- which include an array of discretionary spending cuts and an eventual raise in the Social Security retirement age -- and whether Congress then will approve the recommendations or shelve them, putting off decisions for another day or year. But when it comes to the history of gas-tax hikes, the facts are on Voinovich’s side, so we rate his statement . Comment on this item .
Statement: Wisconsin election officials to accept Mickey Mouse, Hitler signatures" on recall petitions.
Speaker: maciver institute
About the speaker: The MacIver Institute is a Madison, Wis.-based conservative think tank and news organization.
Date: December 13, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;legal issues
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: The MacIver Institute said "Wisconsin election officials to accept Mickey Mouse, Hitler signatures" -- suggesting such signatures would automatically be counted toward the number needed to force Walker into a recall election. For such signatures to actually be counted, they would have to pass undetected through petition circulators, the recall committees, a pair of Government Accountability Board reviewers, Walker’s representatives and other groups that review the petitions. If such signatures were found, Walker could formally challenge them to the board to get them stricken. There's an element of  in MacIver's statement in that fictitious signatures listed with Wisconsin addresses would be accepted -- but only for review. The statement, however, ignores critical facts -- namely that the signatures would have to pass through several layers of review to actually be counted. That's our definition of .
Statement: Marco Rubio is a "Miami lobbyist.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: March 15, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a campaign press release
Fact-check justification: The Crist campaign and Florida Democrats use the present tense, indicating that Rubio is a lobbyist. But he formally withdrew nearly five years ago. Also, his work was not what we traditionally think of as lobbying -- the Gucci-wearing attorney who seeks to influence the state Legislature or Congress. He worked at the local level, primarily on zoning matters. So we find the  to be .
Statement: There are more people killed with baseball bats and hammers than are killed with guns.
Speaker: paul broun
About the speaker: U.S. House Rep. Paul Broun, a Republican, is from Athens. He represents Georgia's 10th congressional district.
Date: February 13, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: guns
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Broun is a congressman who has inserted himself directly into the heated gun debate. And he’s now running for the U.S. Senate. His high-profile run for higher office means that more of his statements will end up in the glare of the spotlight. And some of them could combust. Our rating for Broun: .
Statement: Taxpayers earning $1 million pay an effective tax rate that is about four times what taxpayers earning $100,000 pay.
Speaker: declan o'scanlon
About the speaker: Declan O'Scanlon Jr. is a Republican State Assemblyman representing a part of Monmouth County.
Date: December 16, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: taxes
Context: the Star-Ledger
Fact-check justification: In an opinion piece in the Star-Ledger, O’Scanlon wrote: "Taxpayers earning $1 million pay an effective tax rate that is about four times what taxpayers earning $100,000 pay." Based on data from the state Treasury department, O’Scanlon is correct. Taxpayers earning $1 million pay an effective tax rate of 6.88 percent, which is about four times the 1.73 percent paid by individuals earning $100,000. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: 84% of all new electric capacity planned to come onto the electric grid this year is clean energy.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: January 27, 2021
Location: national
Topics: climate change;energy
Context: remarks when signing climate change executive orders
Fact-check justification: Biden said that 84% of new electric capacity scheduled to come online in 2021 was from clean energy. The number is credible, but it includes 11% from battery storage. Batteries are essential to the expansion of wind and solar power, but they are not necessarily "clean" energy sources; they could be charged with electricity produced from fossil fuels. Taking batteries out of the equation still leaves a total of about 70% from wind and solar. However, renewables remain a lesser slice of electricity supply. About 60% of the nation’s electric power comes from fossil fuels. We rate this  .
Statement: The California governor "says yes to poisoning more children with mercury and aluminum" in vaccines.
Speaker: jim carrey
About the speaker: Comedic actor Jim Carrey has been a critic of the scientific consensus on childhood vaccinations and vaccine research.
Date: June 30, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: autism;public health;science
Context: a Twitter post
Fact-check justification: Actor Jim Carrey called aluminum a poison and toxin. Like many other chemicals, it could be, in dosages and scenarios that are rare. There is no scientific  suggesting otherwise. In fact, the only debate stems from a theory, not research that contradicts decades of immunizations. Attaching scientific sounding terms like "neurotoxin" can lend a sheen of respectability or fear depending on the usage. Look at the willingness of people to sign a petition banning Dihydrogen Monoxide (you probably call it water). But the fact is, Carrey’s  has no basis in fact and ignores several studies that contradict it. We rate the  .