chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Photo shows President Joe Biden's "body double" signing documents with his left hand.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 1, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: In the photo are two images of Biden signing something. In the first image, he appears to be signing with his right hand. In the second, he appears to be signing with his left hand.    This post was flagged as part of Meta’s efforts to combat  news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Meta , which owns Facebook and Instagram.)
Statement: Rob Cornilles has disputed for two years a news story that said he said he would cut Social Security and Medicare programs before trimming the U.S. defense budget.
Speaker: rob cornilles
About the speaker: Rob Cornilles is the president and founder of Game Face Inc. He is a graduate of Brigham Young University.
Date: January 10, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: medicare;social security
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: But she provided videos from a September 2010 debate with David Wu , in which he denies saying he would cut entitlements, and a recent interview with KATU(2) in which Cornilles said he would cut defense spending before entitlements. However, it wasn’t until last week’s debate that Cornilles directly called the article into question. There is little to suggest the reporter got her story . Cornilles has said in at least one previous debate and in a recent interview that he wouldn’t cut entitlements, but that doesn’t amount to disputing the story for two years. We rule the statement .
Statement: Under Gov. Bob McDonnell, more jobs have been lost than created in Southside and Southwest Virginia.
Speaker: ward armstrong
About the speaker: Ward Armstrong, D-Henry County,  was a  a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1992 to 2012, serving the final five years as minority leader. He served on the Courts of Justice, Finance, and Rules committees. In 2011, House Republicans merged Armstrong's district with that of another incumbent, Republican Charles Poindexter. Armstrong was defeated by Poindexter that fall.
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Date: May 23, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: corrections and updates;economy;jobs
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: The only data available at the county level covers nine months of McDonnell’s 16-month term. But there are other statistics showing that under McDonnell, more people in those regions are employed and the number of job postings have increased. We rate his Armstrong’s  . Correction: An earlier version of this story said McDonnell was sworn in as governor in January 2011. He actually took office in January 2010.
Statement: An April study found that about 70 percent of ads in this election cycle have been negative [due to SuperPACs], up from only 9 percent through the same period in 2008.
Speaker: sheldon whitehouse
About the speaker: Sheldon Whitehouse is a Democratic U.S. Senator from Rhode Island.
Date: August 16, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: campaign finance;corporations;elections;negative campaigning;transparency;unions
Context: a speech on the floor of the U.S. Senate
Fact-check justification: Sheldon Whitehouse said, "An April study found that about 70 percent of ads in this election cycle have been negative, up from only 9 percent through the same period in 2008." He is correctly quoting the study, but the context of his comment makes it clear that he blames the SuperPACs, which were freed up by the Citizens United decision. Those special-interest groups are certainly playing a much larger role this year, in part because they have become the major source of TV ad purchases. But the data also reveal that the candidates are being far more negative earlier in the campaign than they were four years ago, and that also drove up the percentage of negative ads in the beginning of 2012. Because his statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, we rate the  as  . (Get updates from PolitiFact Rhode Island on Twitter: @politifactri . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Say Bernie Sanders said, "Italians are gangsters and Irish are drunk and Jews are greedy and black people smell.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 19, 2020
Topics: candidate biography;religion
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A video shared on Facebook appears to show Sanders on a TV show making derogatory remarks about Italians, Irish, Jews and blacks.  The video was heavily edited to create a  impression. On the show, Sanders was discussing the impact of racial stereotypes with a group of children. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Now, they're doing tests on airlines — very strong tests — for getting on, getting off. They're doing tests on trains — getting on, getting off.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 1, 2020
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a White House briefing
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Now, they’re doing tests on airlines — very strong tests — for getting on, getting off.  They’re doing tests on trains — getting on, getting off." Passengers on planes and trains are not being tested for COVID-19. It’s possible that Trump was referring to screenings, which could include a temperature check or a questionnaire. But even screenings are not as widespread as he said; they are happening at 13 airports for certain countries. Trump's statement about "very strong tests" at transportation hubs rates .
Statement: Officials in Fairfax, Va., gave 100,000 Trump votes to Biden.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 4, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: Our ruling  The Facebook post claimed that Fairfax County officials in Virginia gave 100,000 votes for Trump to Biden due to a clerical error.   The county incorrectly reported Biden 100,000 more votes than existed due to an error with a spreadsheet. Officials corrected the error within 10 minutes. There were no changes to votes cast.   We rate this  .
Statement: The health care marketplaces have "no privacy protections.
Speaker: tom cotton
About the speaker: Tom Cotton, a Republican, was elected to the House of Representatives in 2012 from a district in Arkansas.
Date: October 3, 2013
Location: national
Topics: health care;technology
Context: an MSNBC interview
Fact-check justification: Cotton claimed that there are no privacy protections in the new online health care marketplaces. However, we found federal privacy regulations in the Affordable Care Act that keep the system’s data hub from storing user data. The cybersecurity experts we spoke with said that the security precautions in place on healthcare.gov are at least as strong as secure e-commerce websites consumers are already accustomed to using. No one we spoke with raised concerns about privacy. The most relevant complaints we saw remain that the websites are slow, not that consumer information is vulnerable. We rate Cotton’s statement .
Statement: Today we stand as the highest-performing urban school district in America.
Speaker: alberto carvalho
About the speaker: Alberto Carvalho is the superintendent for Miami-Dade Public Schools, the nation's fourth-largest school district.
Date: August 1, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: comments to the Miami-Dade legislative delegation
Fact-check justification: Carvalho told PolitiFact Florida that his comments come with an additional caveat -- that he was only comparing Miami-Dade to the largest urban school districts in the nation, those with more than 250,000 students. That distinction  excludes many of the districts in the NAEP test, including those that have scores comparable to Miami-Dade -- like the public schools systems in Austin, Texas, Charlotte, N.C., and the metro area around Louisville, Ky. Those districts are smaller and their students are less diverse. The NAEP results, when combined with Miami-Dade's inclusion as a finalist for Broad, speak for themselves, Carvalho said. "So when I say that, I'm pretty confident," he said. We're not quite there. The fact is that while Miami-Dade has been a finalist for the coveted Broad Prize four times, it has not yet won. And Miami-Dade's standing on the NAEP tests depends on if you count districts with a student population under 250,000. In the end, we don't want to undersell Miami-Dade's successes. But we don't want to oversell them either. We rate Carvalho's  .
Statement: Obamacare "will provide insurance to all non-U.S. residents, even if they are here illegally.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: July 7, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: immigration;health care
Context: a long-running chain email
Fact-check justification: The chain email says that Obamacare provides insurance "to all non-U.S. residents, even if they are here illegally." It’s actually citing a 2009 proposal that didn’t pass, but that doesn’t really matter. The email’s  either way. The Affordable Care Act does nothing to provide health insurance to anyone living in the United States illegally. It does offer some assistance to legal non-U.S. citizens, which by the way is different than a non-U.S. resident as the email claims. (A non-U.S. resident could be living in Mexico, France or even Mars). We rate this  !
Statement: Says that when President Obama visited El Paso, he "pronounced that the border with Mexico and the United States was safer than it ever was in history.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: August 13, 2011
Location: national
Topics: immigration;new hampshire 2012
Context: New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: Perry is exaggerating. Obama did not actually "pronounce that the border with Mexico and the United States was safer than it ever was in history." His time references were primarily for recent years. Still, Obama's tone and his examples definitely supported the overall point that the border is safer now than it was before. We rate Perry's  .
Statement: The governor is trying to take credit for recent actions taken by these companies. The problem is that for all three companies, the decision to move or stay in New Jersey happened before Chris Christie became governor.
Speaker: new jersey senate democrats
About the speaker: The New Jersey Senate Democrats represent the majority members of the state Senate.
Date: January 18, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: corporations
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The state Senate Democrats issued a news release in January claiming that Christie, in his State of the State address, was trying to take credit for Bayer, Novo Nordisk and LG Electronics coming to New Jersey under the "Jersey Comeback" heading. We found that the three companies arrived in New Jersey before Christie became governor and anyone heard of a "Jersey Comeback," but Bayer and Novo Nordisk announced expansion plans after Christie’s election. We rate the statement . To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says presidential candidate Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand said, "Social Security must (be) expanded to illegal immigration, it's their right.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 31, 2019
Topics: immigration;social security;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims Sen. Gillibrand said "Social Security must (be) expanded to illegal immigration, it’s their right," suggesting that immigrants should receive those benefits for free. But Gillibrand wasn’t advocating to give away the program’s benefits. She said she believes that immigrants living in the United States have a right to pay into programs like Social Security and enjoy a pathway to citizenship. We rate this .
Statement: American journalist" Jack Posobiec was "arrested at World Economic Forum.
Speaker: donald trump jr.
About the speaker: Donald Trump Jr. is the son of President Donald Trump and his former wife Ivana Trump.
Date: May 24, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: "Posobiec was not handcuffed or arrested, and was not taken into any physical detainment in any of the footage shared online thus far," the story said. Posobiec changed his Twitter handle to "WEF Detainee Poso." We reached out to the Trump Organization seeking comment from Trump but did not receive a reply. Despite Trump's , Posobiec was neither arrested nor detained in Davos. We rate the  .
Statement: The F-35 bombers, scheduled to arrive in Burlington this fall, have been designated with a nuclear mission.
Speaker: rachel siegel
About the speaker: Rachel Siegel is executive director of the Peace and Justice Center in Vermont. 
Date: April 8, 2019
Location: vermont
Topics: military;nuclear
Context: an email to supporters
Fact-check justification: It leads readers to believe that the bombers coming to Vermont will be equipped to carry nuclear bombs. That is . However, it’s  that the Department of Defense intends to use F-35s to deliver its nuclear arsenal if needed. And there’s good reason to believe that the bombers in Burlington could someday be given a nuclear mission. We rate this  .
Statement: Property taxes are lower right now than they were" in December 2010 on a median-valued home in Wisconsin.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: May 18, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: housing;state budget;taxes
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Walker says "property taxes are lower right now than they were" in December 2010 on a median-valued home in Wisconsin. Estimates done regularly by the nonpartisan Legislative Fiscal Bureau show that the hypothetical property tax bill on a typical Wisconsin home is $2,832 for 2017-’18 -- $131 lower than the year before Walker took office. But it’s worth noting that the total amount of property taxes collected have risen in each year but one during Walker’s tenure. And that the drop in residential property taxes is due to commercial and manufacturing properties rising at a faster rate -- not due to collecting less taxes. For a statement that is accurate but needs additional information, our rating is .
Statement: Since President Barack Obama took office, "2 million more Americans are out of work.
Speaker: phil gingrey
About the speaker: Phil Gingrey, a Republican, is a congressman from Georgia
Date: January 25, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: economy
Context: a press statement
Fact-check justification: But from October 2009 to December 2011, the economy gained jobs. Nonfarm payrolls actually rose by about 2.4 million. Unemployment dropped from 10 percent to 8.5 percent.    It’s easy to cherry-pick data that give opposite impressions of the nation’s economic health. With statistics, the devil’s in the details.
Statement: New regulation requires motorcycle owners to install 75 MPH governor by January 2017
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: July 31, 2016
Location: new hampshire
Topics: consumer safety;fake news;government regulation;transportation
Context: a web article
Fact-check justification: The website Associated Media Coverage claimed the federal Department of Transportation was forcing motorcycle owners to install speed governors on their motorcycles that would limit their max speeds to 75 mph. That assertion was never  and was sourced to a made-up federal government official. Supporting statistics that the phony spokesman cited also exaggerated the number of motorcycle fatalities each year and the propensity for speeding among people killed in those crashes. The website did not identify itself as a purveyor of  news, and some motorcyclists took the bait. We rate the  !
Statement: Says immigrants wanted by ICE have victimized "tens of thousands of children" in North Carolina.
Speaker: dan forest
About the speaker: Dan Forest is North Carolina's Lieutenant Governor.
Date: November 25, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: immigration
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: In a speech about immigrants in the country illegally, Forest said "we have tens of thousands of children in our state that have been victims of these violent criminals already." There’s no available data to support his . We rate it .
Statement: Planned Parenthood "is an organization that funnels millions of dollars in political contributions to pro-abortion candidates.
Speaker: carly fiorina
About the speaker: Carly Fiorina is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. She is the former chairman and chief executive officer of Hewlett-Packard Company (HP). She was defeated in her attempt as the Republican nominee to unseat Sen. Barbara Boxer in 2010.
Date: September 30, 2015
Location: national
Topics: abortion;campaign finance
Context: an interview on Fox News' "Hannity"
Fact-check justification: Fiorina said Planned Parenthood "is an organization that funnels millions of dollars in political contributions to pro-abortion candidates." Fiorina glossed over the difference between the operational arm of Planned Parenthood, which receives federal funding and cannot take part in electoral activities, and its affiliates, which can legally spend money on politics. Still, she is right that a variety of affiliates of Planned Parenthood -- usually with "Planned Parenthood" in their name -- have legally spent "millions" on politics in recent years, both for candidates specifically and on other electoral activities. The statement is accurate but needs clarification, so we rate Fiorina’s  .
Statement: The Doherty Campaign, unlike the Cicilline Campaign, is funded mostly by individual donors -- not the big PACs that Cicilline relies on.
Speaker: brendan doherty
About the speaker: Brendan Doherty, former head of the Rhode Island State Police, ran an unsuccessful campaign for Congress in 2012 in Rhode Island's 1st District as a Republican.
Date: September 26, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: campaign finance;negative campaigning
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Brendan Doherty said his campaign, "unlike the Cicilline Campaign, is funded  by individual donors -- not the big PACs that Cicilline relies on." Campaign finance data show that both campaigns are funded  by individual donors. Cicilline may have gotten more money from political action committees than Doherty has, but the scope -- 24 percent of $1.7 million raised -- doesn't even come close to supporting a statement suggesting that Cicilline is getting most of his funds from PACs. We rate Doherty's   . (Get updates from PolitiFact Rhode Island on Twitter: @politifactri . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: At protests in Wisconsin against proposed collective bargaining changes, "phony sick notes (were) passed out to excuse striking union members.
Speaker: republican party of wisconsin
About the speaker: The Wisconsin Republican Party works to elect Republicans to state and federal offices and advance the GOP agenda.
Date: February 19, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;labor;state budget
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: That’s enough for our checkup. The Wisconsin Republican Party claimed that doctors passed out "phony sick notes" to "excuse striking union members." It’s clear that doctors outside the Capitol were distributing notes that public employees attending demonstrations could use in an attempt to explain their absence from work. None of the public employees, however, have gone on strike. We rate the GOP’s statement .
Statement: The planned expansion of Savannah's port is a "jobs creating project.
Speaker: nathan deal
About the speaker: Nathan Deal is running for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: December 5, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: jobs
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: The corps estimates that dredging the port will require additional workers, although it’s not clear how many.  and common sense suggest that if megaships flock to a newly deepened Savannah port, the project could keep jobs in Georgia. It may well create them. But existing research offers little clarity. Since Deal’s  leaves out the crucial fact that the jobs impacts are uncertain, we give him a .
Statement: Says Will Rasmussen falsely claimed he had lived in the West Linn district for about a year.
Speaker: promote oregon leadership pac (oregon house republicans)
About the speaker: Promote Oregon Leadership is the political action committe of Oregon House Republicans.
Date: October 27, 2010
Location: oregon
Topics: candidate biography;ethics
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: Seven months is nowhere near a year, no matter how much you stretch the word "about." The House Republican group said Rasmussen "lied." It's not possible for us to determine whether he made the misstatement deliberately, with the intent to deceive, but he definitely got the facts . So we find the group's  .    Comment on this item.
Statement: California "cut about $1.3 billion in child care (during the recession). We've only reinvested about $300 million.
Speaker: anthony rendon
About the speaker: Anthony Rendon is speaker of the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat from Los Angeles County. 
Date: March 7, 2016
Location: california
Topics: children
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: California Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon said recently that the state cut $1.3 billion in child care programs during the recession and has reinvested only $300 million since. His spokesman told us Rendon was speaking strictly about child care programs, not preschool funding. Experts agree that more than $1 billion was cut to the child care system. An analysis of budget data shows the total cut from just child care programs was closer to $1.1 billion, a bit less than Rendon’s total. A very strict look at how much has been reinvested shows California put back $303 million of that $1.1 billion just to child care programs. The state Department of Finance, however, says the total is more than $450 million because some preschool funding actually pays for child care. We believe this is an important point for those who crunch budget numbers at the Capitol. But we don’t feel it’s enough to say Rendon was intending to deceive the general public. We rate his statement  because it’s accurate but needs clarification and additional information.