chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Obama says Iran is a 'tiny' country, 'doesn't pose a serious threat.'
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: October 28, 2008
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: Florida
Fact-check justification: This isn’t the first time Obama has talked about the grave threat posed by Iran. He has repeatedly characterized it as such during his campaign. Obama never said the threat from Iran was “tiny” or “insignificant,” only that the threat was tiny in comparison to the threat once posed by the Soviet Union. And if the McCain campaign was unclear on that point, it should have been clear after Obama's comment in May that "Iran is a grave threat." To continue to twist Obama's words, especially after that clarification, earns another .
Statement: Says Sandra Bullock said to Hillary Clinton, "If you don't like our president you can leave and never come back again.
Speaker: flash 24 daily
About the speaker: Flash 24 Daily is a website that posts some fake news.
Date: December 25, 2017
Topics: fake news;pop culture;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: Bullock has adopted two  African-American children -- a boy and a girl. "I would like my rights represented and those of my son — very selfish views, and I think everyone else has them," she says. "When this film came along, it came along at a time that I was having that internal discussion with myself about who in our country would step out of their comfort zone to help others for the greater good." We found no  that Bullock said to Clinton "if you don’t like our president you can leave and never come back again." We rate this headline .
Statement: Congress will begin its recess "without having allocated one penny" to fight Zika.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: March 18, 2016
Topics: global news service;public health
Context: a post on Medium
Fact-check justification: Clinton said that Congress had not "allocated one penny" to fight Zika. In terms of targeting new dollars to deal with the Zika virus, that is correct. House Republicans say that they did provide money through the emergency Ebola appropriation. To the extent that those funds could be redirected, that holds up. But it is also  that when that money was approved there was a bipartisan agreement that it would be used for longer term efforts to build overall health care system capacity. There is a policy disagreement on the best way to deploy federal funds -- and we're not weighing in on that here. But regardless, there is no new money to confront Zika. We rate the  .
Statement: Says that at Beto O'Rourke's rally in El Paso, there were "200 people, 300 people.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: February 11, 2019
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: El Paso, Texas
Fact-check justification: Trump said that at O’Rourke’s rally in El Paso, there were "200 people, 300 people." Our review of the available visual  suggests that the number is clearly several times that. Media reports suggest the number may have been much larger still, in the thousands. We rate the statement .
Statement: In Texas, we teach both creationism and evolution in our public schools.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: August 18, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: education;science
Context: New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: Teachers are also permitted to discuss it with students in that context." The Texas Education Agency sent us a similar statement. Our sense: No doubt, some Texas teachers address the subject of creationism. But it’s not state law or policy to intermix instruction on creationism and evolution. We rate Perry’s statement .
Statement: Benzene has "never been proven to be harmful.
Speaker: rick hardcastle
About the speaker: Rick Hardcastle was first elected to the Texas House in 1998. He did not seek re-election in 2012.
Date: April 28, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: environment
Context: remarks on the House floor
Fact-check justification: According to a study Smith authored that was published in the Annual Review of Public Health in April 2010, "there is probably no safe level of exposure of benzene, and all exposures constitute some risk." Where does that leave us? It’s  that benzene is a common air pollutant and is found in everyday products such as detergents. But to  that airborne benzene has not been proven harmful flies in the face of scientific  that long-term exposure in the workplace can cause cancer and other negative health effects — not to mention studies suggesting lower levels of environmental exposure may also be unsafe. .
Statement: The majority of Americans now doubt that our children will have a better future.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: August 30, 2012
Location: national
Topics: polls and public opinion
Context: a convention speech
Fact-check justification: Romney said that "the majority of Americans now doubt that our children will have a better future." We found three polls that support his . Americans are indeed pessimistic about their children’s prospects. But that’s nothing new, according to the NBC News/ Wall Street Journal poll. For at least the last 20 years, Americans have expected that our kids would be worse off than we are. Romney cast this national outlook as specifically an Obama-era phenomenon. We rate his statement .
Statement: There is not "one of the Muslim nations" that doesn't have "discrimination against women, discrimination against gays, subjugation of other religious beliefs.
Speaker: ben carson
About the speaker: Dr. Ben Carson is President Donald Trump's secretary for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. A retired pediatric neurosurgeon, Carson ran as a Republican for president in 2016. He owns homes in West Palm Beach and Maryland.
Date: September 22, 2015
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;human rights;islam;lgbtq;religion;women
Context: an interview with Fox's "The Kelly File"
Fact-check justification: Ben Carson said there is not "one of the Muslim nations" that doesn't have "discrimination against women, discrimination against gays, subjugation of other religious beliefs." Carson has a point that many countries with a majority-Muslim population do have poor records on institutional discrimination against women, members of the LGBT community and religious minorities. However, his broad-brush statement glosses over the fact that such policies are not universal. Numerous Muslim countries offer freedoms in each category. We rate the  . CLARIFICATION, Nov. 24, 2015 : We've updated this article in response to a reader's suggestion, clarifying that the list of Muslim countries that have had female leaders includes both heads of state and heads of government.
Statement: Says the Southwest Florida Water Management District has $850 million in reserves, enough money in savings to run without levying taxes for more than two years.
Speaker: j.d. alexander
About the speaker: Sen. J.D. Alexander is a Republican from Lake Wales. He was first elected to the Florida Senate in 2002.
Date: March 28, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: water;taxes
Context: comments to reporters
Fact-check justification: The rest of the money is either part of Swiftmud's annual budget or being used to fund current, ongoing contracts. Alexander was trying to make the point that Swiftmud's bank account needs pruning. The district does have $182 million stored away to be used for future projects. But Alexander has overstated the issue by saying the Southwest Florida Water Management District has enough money in savings to run without levying taxes for more than two years. We rate this  .
Statement: Sixty-five percent of the Iraqi people now say it's okay to shoot an American soldier.
Speaker: bill richardson
About the speaker: Bill Richardson is the former governor of New Mexico, having served two terms in that position from 2003-2011. Richardson is also a former congressman, U.S. secretary of energy, and ambassador to the United Nations. He unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for president in 2008, and was President Barack Obama’s initial nominee for secretary of commerce in 2009.
Date: November 15, 2007
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Context: Las Vegas
Fact-check justification: That's what campaigns do." And what we do is call them on it. Richardson wasn't just "juicing the numbers," as Geer said. He was deliberately hyping the language and hyping the numbers to make a stronger point than the facts justified. The best we can rule is .
Statement: Before the Republican wave in 2010, Democrats had an advantage on the generic ballot in Congress. Even in 1994 with the Gingrich revolution ... Democrats had that advantage.
Speaker: jonathan karl
About the speaker: Jonathan Karl was named ABC News' Chief White House Correspondent in December 2012.
Date: November 3, 2013
Topics: elections;punditfact
Context: a conversation on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Karl used polling from before the 1994 and 2010 elections to emphasize that people shouldn’t read too much into the fact that Democrats currently hold a 48-40 lead among voters who are asked generically if they’d vote for a Democrat or Republican for Congress. Karl is accurately citing ABC polling leading up to the 1994 and 2010 elections. Other polling we found does not contradict Karl’s statement. We rate this  .
Statement: Quotes Ronald Reagan as saying, "Keep voting Democrat ... One day they will restrict your freedoms, restrict your history and restrict your safety. All in the name of professional victims that don't understand the consequences of their ignorance.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 30, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "We have searched his official speeches from 1981-1987," she said in an email. "We are unable (to) find this quote in any of his speeches given in official capacity." After conducting searches for the full quote and for various portions of the quote — including "restrict your freedoms," "restrict your safety," "professional victims" and more — PolitiFact found no  that Reagan said this quote on the National Archives or the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library archives . Despite the fact that this quote was debunked by other fact-checking organizations in July , the  has continued to spread online. We rate this  .
Statement: Walmart rewards everyone with $75 coupon to celebrate its 125th Anniversary
Speaker: walmis2018.com
About the speaker: This website is not affiliated with the Walmart corporation. It has advertised fake coupons.
Date: April 10, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: on a scam site
Fact-check justification: When we finished, we were asked to share the survey with our Facebook friends — the promised coupon never materialized. It wasn’t a bug. It’s just not real. Neither were free Delta and Southwest airline tickets . We rate this scam .
Statement: When the Republicans were in charge, they actually expanded government health care with the prescription drug program.
Speaker: ron paul
About the speaker: Ron Paul, a Texas physician, served two stints in the U.S. House. He also was the Libertarian Party nominee for president in 1988 before later seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012. He didn't seek re-election to the House in 2012.
Date: July 16, 2011
Location: national
Topics: health care;medicare;new hampshire 2012
Context: an interview with the 'Telegraph'
Fact-check justification: "That was a real, fundamental change." Our ruling: So Paul is right on both counts. It was a Republican bill that passed with strong Republican support. And it dramatically increased government. We rate his statement .
Statement: One of (Joe Biden's) first acts in office was sending an immigration bill to Congress to grant mass amnesty to illegal immigrants.
Speaker: thom tillis
About the speaker: Thom Tillis is a Republican who serves as U.S. Senator from North Carolina.
Date: April 19, 2021
Location: north carolina
Topics: immigration
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: Tillis said: "One of his first acts in office was sending an immigration bill to Congress to grant mass amnesty to illegal immigrants." It’s fair to say that Biden’s plan would offer a wider path to citizenship than other proposals in recent years. However, experts avoid the word amnesty because it’s a vague term that doesn’t convey that criteria applicants must meet in order to qualify for citizenship. On balance, we rate this  .
Statement: Says Newt Gingrich "supports amnesty for illegal immigrants.
Speaker: restore our future
About the speaker: Restore Our Future is a super PAC run by supporters of Mitt Romney.
Date: December 20, 2011
Location: national
Topics: immigration;message machine 2012
Context: Iowa and Florida
Fact-check justification: "Amnesty" has become a radioactive term in American politics, and Republicans in particular do not want their immigration policies described that way. Gingrich supports allowing illegal immigrants who have been in the United States for many years to apply for legal status. He’s said that process should look at each individual and whether they have "family, church and community ties." They would also have to pay a fine. What he describes sounds like a more restrictive process than the 1986 law supported by Reagan that allowed for widespread amnesty. Still, most legal amnesties include some sort of process. Gingrich’s plan is clearly an amnesty of sorts, though it is more limited in scope. The ad says Gingrich "supports amnesty for illegal immigrants." That’s a blunter  than the statement we rated previously from Romney, that Gingrich’s plan is "a new doorway to amnesty." Romney’s comment implied that there was something new about Gingrich’s plan rather than being the same amnesty policies of the past. The ad, on the other hand, loses that nuance. So we rate its  .
Statement: You've got millions of families paying 40, 50, 60% of their limited incomes to put a roof over their heads.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: April 22, 2019
Location: national
Topics: housing
Context: a CNN town hall
Fact-check justification: Sanders said that "millions of families" are paying "40, 50, 60% of their limited incomes to put a roof over their heads." The most recent data shows that he’s right about both homeowners and renters all across the United States: there were about 18.5 million households spending more than 50% of their income on housing alone in 2016. We rate his statement .
Statement: When California faced a budget crisis," Christy Smith "voted to lay off teachers and then voted to increase her pay.
Speaker: congressional leadership fund
About the speaker: The Congressional Leadership Fund is a super PAC exclusively dedicated to protecting and strengthening the Republican Majority in the House of Representatives.
Date: September 9, 2020
Location: california
Topics: education
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: The Congressional Leadership Fund said: "When California faced a budget crisis," Smith "voted to lay off teachers and then voted to increase her pay." Smith voted in 2012 to lay off 17 temporary elementary school teachers and two permanent physical education teachers. Within two months, however, she also voted in favor of rehiring all of the temporary teachers, and one of the physical education teachers. The second physical education teacher was brought back part time. A vote she took in 2013 was to notify temporary teachers of possible layoffs. Smith did vote in 2014 for a $12.50 increase in a monthly stipend for board members, their only compensation. The statement about Smith’s votes on teacher layoffs ignores the fact that Smith also voted to rehire all the teachers, ultimately only losing a half of a position. And the  about Smith’s vote on pay leaves out the fact that the increase amounted to $12.50 per month, important clarifying information. Overall, the  this ad makes is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here for more.
Statement: Says Charlie Crist and Missouri Rep. Todd Akin "hold same abortion views. No exception except the life of the mother.
Speaker: lenny curry
About the speaker: Lenny Curry is chairman of the Republican Party of Florida. His current term expires in January 2013.
Date: December 12, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: abortion;candidate biography
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Since Crist has taken both sides on abortion, it is possible to attack his view and be partially correct -- just pick a year, race and quote that matches the attack. In this case, Curry said,  "Todd Akin & @charliecristfl hold same abortion views. No exception except the life of the mother." But even RPOF acknowledges that Crist's exceptions go beyond the life of the mother to include rape and incest. And RPOF ignores Crist’s words and actions that would conflict with Akin’s stances -- such as when Crist called himself "pro-choice." We rate this  .
Statement: Biden took down Dr. Seuss and Mr. Potato Head.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 3, 2021
Topics: children;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Facebook posts  that Biden "took down" Dr. Seuss and Mr. Potato Head. This isn’t accurate. Announcements by Dr. Seuss Enterprises and Hasbro reflect internal company decisions. Biden wasn’t involved. Neither has been "taken down" by the president of the United States. Hasbro said that Mr. Potato Head will continue to be sold, and more than three dozen Dr. Seuss books remain in circulation. Efforts to move away from tying Seuss to National Read Across America Day preceded Biden’s time in office, as did the company’s decision to discontinue some titles.  This post is .
Statement: Less than 1 percent of 1 percent of the American population has given an amount over $200" to a federal political campaign.
Speaker: heather mcghee
About the speaker: Heather C. McGhee is president of Demos, a group that believes too much political and economic power lies in the hands of too few people
Date: April 2, 2014
Topics: elections;punditfact
Context: an interview on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: McGhee said, "Less than 1 percent of 1 percent of the American population has given an amount over $200." McGhee way overshoots the mark. At that donation level, the more accurate statistic is a tenth of 1 percent. McGhee’s staff acknowledge the error. The data do support her bigger point that big donors dominate the campaign system. But McGhee used very precise numbers for rhetorical effect. And she got those numbers  by at least a factor of 10. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Americans "invented 'Pong,' 'Space Invaders' and the iPhone.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: May 11, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: economy;families;patriotism;science
Context: the commencement address at Hillsdale College
Fact-check justification: Cruz said "Pong," "Space Invaders" and the iPhone were invented by Americans. This appears so for "Pong" and the iPhone. But a Japanese programmer is credited with developing "Space Invaders." We rate this partly accurate  as . UPDATE, 3 p.m. June 6, 2013 : This story was updated shortly after its publication to provide more information on the iPhone's development. The paragraphs drawing on Mary Bellis and an article in Slate were added. These changes did not affect the rating.
Statement: Says the "Pope calls for world wide gun confiscation except for the UN
Speaker: common sense news
About the speaker: Common Sense News is an online program that says it is freeing America one enslaved mind at a time.
Date: May 3, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact;guns
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: An online program said Pope Francis had called for worldwide gun confiscation, except for the United Nations. The pope has not said those words or called for such a change. The most generous reading is that this is based on interpretations of remarks the Pope has made about regional and ethnic conflicts. In keeping with Christian doctrine, one would expect the pope to speak against violence. What is striking is even with that, the pope said that there can be just uses of weapons. We shoot down another bit of  news and rate this  .