chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The U.S. would gain revenue by cutting personal income tax rates in half and ending tax breaks.
Speaker: mark warner
About the speaker: Mark Warner, a Democrat, has represented Virginia in the U.S. Senate since 2009. He serves on the Banking, Budget, Commerce and Intelligence committees. He is the honorary co-chairman of the Forward Together PAC.
Warner gave the keynote address at the 2008 Democratic National Convention. Warner previously served as governor of Virginia from 2002 to 2006. He also ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate in 1996. Before public office, Warner was an early investor in the cell phone business, co-founded the company that became Nextel.
Warner was born in Indianapolis, Ind., and grew up in Illinois and Connecticut. Warner graduated from George Washington University, Washington, D.C. He received a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass.
Date: October 31, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: deficit;taxes
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Hall said Warner has spoken about restricting the deduction to principal residences and capping eligible mortgages for complete interest deduction at $750,000 mortgage, instead of the current $1 million. Our conclusion: Warner says the U.S. could raise money by cutting personal income rates in half and ending deductions. We ran the numbers and found, under the senator’s scenario, the U.S. would collect about $574.2 billion in additional revenues during the current fiscal year. Uncle Sam would have gained about $594 billion during fiscal 2011. We rate Warner’s statement .
Statement: Among neighboring states, the condition of Wisconsin highways was rated "not only the worst, but it was worse by a gaping margin.
Speaker: craig thompson
About the speaker: Craig Thompson was tapped by Gov. Tony evers to serve as secretary of the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) beginning in January 2019. 
Date: January 27, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: infrastructure;public safety;transportation
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Thompson said among neighboring states, the condition of Wisconsin highways was rated "not only the worst, but it was worse by a gaping margin." A Legislative Audit Bureau report found only 32.2 percent of Wisconsin’s highways classified in good condition, far below those of neighboring states Michigan, Illinois, Iowa and Minnesota. Those states all had at least 55 percent of highways in good condition. So, the  is accurate -- though the data is, well dated. Our definition of  is the statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, and that puts Thompson in the driver's seat with his .
Statement: Right now, 1 in 4 Texas women of reproductive age are uninsured, totaling 1.5 million Texas women.
Speaker: john bucy iii
About the speaker: State Rep. John Bucy III is a Democratic state representative from Austin, Texas.
Date: March 27, 2019
Location: texas
Topics: corrections and updates;health care
Context: the Texas House
Fact-check justification: Bucy said, "one in four Texas women of reproductive age are uninsured, totaling 1.5 million Texas women." His source was a report from an Austin-based group that conducted an analysis of Census numbers. The research method is one that has been used by other organizations and a study from the Guttmacher Institute had similar findings. An analysis of publicly available Census numbers offers an estimate that also supports Bucy’s . We rate this  .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Correction:  This fact-check has been updated to address a mischaracterization​ of the number of women who are uninsured. About 1 in 4 women between 15 and 44 do not have health insurance. The rating is unchanged.
Statement: Elon Musk tweeted, "The fact that an 18 year old can't take out a $10,000 business loan" but "can take out a $100,000 student loan tells you everything you need to know.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 25, 2022
Topics: technology;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Our search of the internet turned up another version of the quote that wasn’t attributed to Musk and used different loan figures . We found copies of it on Twitter going back to at least Feb. 8, 2021 .   Musk did tweet on Dec. 28, 2019, that he worked his way through college and ended up with around $100,000 in student debt.   But that’s not the same tweet that’s being circulated here. We rate this  .
Statement: Today the top 1 percent earn a higher share of our national income than any year since 1928.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: January 20, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: income
Context: an interview with Fox News
Fact-check justification: Cruz said: "Today the top 1 percent earn a higher share of our national income than any year since 1928." Cruz accurately recapped calculations of income by respected researchers though this statement fails to note there are some income streams not part of the cited calculations that would tend to help those of us in the bottom 99 percent, relatively speaking. Also, tax changes that took effect in 2013 may slightly be reducing how much of the nation’s income is held by the top 1 percent. Mark this statement .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: CNN reported that Damar Hamlin's doctor confirmed his cardiac arrest was caused by a COVID-19 vaccine booster.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 17, 2023
Topics: sports;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "  The cause of Hamlin’s cardiac arrest has not been released and doctors are investigating what happened. Some experts who have reviewed the footage of his collapse speculated a blow to the left side of his chest may have caused his heart to stop.   There’s no  that a COVID-19 vaccine caused this to happen. We previously rated claims that the vaccine caused his collapse  . Claims that this is a real CNN headline merit the same ruling: .
Statement: Says Mark Warner has supported Harry Reid "down the line.
Speaker: ed gillespie
About the speaker: Ed Gillespie is a Republican strategist who currently runs the firm Ed Gillespie Strategies. He served as counselor to former President George W. Bush. Gillespie has announced he will run for Virginia governor in 2017. He narrowly lost a 2014 bid for the U.S. Senate to Democrat Mark Warner.
Date: June 9, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: voting record
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Gillespie accused Warner of supporting Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid "down the line." Gillespie’s campaign declined to provide any explanation of the statement. Records show that Warner and Reid have voted in accord 87 percent of the time, including on most of the landmark bills since 2009. That shows substantial agreement, but not the knee-jerk support for Reid that Gillespie suggests. Among the 51 Senate Democrats, Warner has the ninth lowest voting percentage with Reid. Reid and Warner usually agree, but they’re not clones. We rate Gillespie’s exaggerated statement .
Statement: Headlines show CNN published contradictory reports about hydroxychloroquine in 2020.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 10, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: Social media users claimed in a Facebook post that the headlines on two stories by the same author show CNN published contradictory reports about hydroxychloroquine in 2020.  The April headline said President Trump was " in so many ways" about hydroxychloroquine, while the July headline said a study found that the drug "helped coronavirus patients survive better."  But the stories did not contain conflicting information. The April story covered four specific claims by President Trump about hydroxychloroquine, and the July story was a report on study findings about the drug.  We rate the  .
Statement: The path to ObamaCare becoming law all started with Charlie Crist supporting President Obama's $787 billion stimulus.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: March 22, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: health care;stimulus
Context: a fundraising E-mail
Fact-check justification: So Rubio contends that "The path to ObamaCare becoming law all started with Charlie Crist supporting President Obama’s $787 billion stimulus." The logic is that Crist was instrumental in helping Obama deliver the stimulus, and that the health care reforms would not be possible without the stimulus. We find this  on both points. Crist, while a vocal supporter of the stimulus and one of the only major Republicans endorsing the spending plan, did little to sway votes in Congress and get the stimulus bill passed into law. And the stimulus, while it had a few health care provisions, had little to do with the health care bill that eventually was passed by Congress. The seeds for the health care bill were sewn during Obama's presidential campaign in 2008, not at a town hall and hug in Fort Myers. All this to say, our first instinct was right. !
Statement: People show up in the emergency room with a sprained ankle, 25 percent get an opioid prescription.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: April 11, 2019
Location: national
Topics: drugs;health care
Context: a panel at the University of Pennsylvania
Fact-check justification: Biden said, "People show up in the emergency room with a sprained ankle, 25 percent of them get an opioid prescription." A national study found nearly one in four patients with ankle sprains were prescribed opioids in the emergency department from 2011 to 2015. But rates fell during that time period, to about 20 percent of patients treated for ankle sprains in 2015. More awareness about overprescribing and strengthened state guidelines appear to be driving the decline, experts said. We rate this statement .
Statement: R. Kelly "missing after prison security verify he's escaped beneath facility.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: July 14, 2022
Location: new york
Topics: facebook fact-checks;illinois
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: We found "Robert Sylveste Kelly," a Black male age 55, who was in custody at the Metropolitan Correctional Center. We previously debunked a  in 2021 that a photo showed Kelly being released from prison. The photo was an old one and showed him leaving jail in 2019 after paying child support he owed his ex-wife. He was still in custody then, and he’s still in custody now.   We rate this post .
Statement: At $93 trillion, the Green New Deal would cost more than the entire recorded spending of the U.S. since the Constitution went into effect in 1789.
Speaker: joni ernst
About the speaker: Joni Ernst is a Republican senator from Iowa. A former state senator, she won the 2014 GOP primary for an open U.S. Senate seat and defeated Democratic Rep. Bruce Braley in November. She was sworn into Congress in January 2015, replacing long-time Senator Tom Harkin.
Date: March 6, 2019
Location: national
Topics: environment;corrections and updates;federal budget
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Ernst says: "At $93 trillion, the Green New Deal would cost more than the entire recorded spending of the U.S. since the Constitution went into effect in 1789." A center-right think tank run by the former head of the nonpartisan Congressional Budget office estimates the cost of the Green New Deal, over 10 years, at between $51 trillion and $93 trillion. But the report itself described the estimates as an "initial foray," filled with assumptions and caveats about a thinly detailed plan. No official government cost estimate has been done. And even if the high-end estimate of $93 trillion were accurate, comparing it with total federal spending since the Constitution is problematic, to say the least. Simply adding up federal spending, as Ernst did, doesn't take into account either inflation or population growth. Ernst's statement simply goes way too far. We rate it .
Statement: Speaker Pelosi's drug pricing plan would siphon $1 trillion or more from biopharmaceutical innovators over the next 10 years. CBO's preliminary estimate found this bill 'would result in lower spending on research and development and thus reduce the introduction of new drugs.'
Speaker: pharmaceutical research and manfacturers of america
About the speaker: The Pharmaceutical Research and Manfacturers of America, or PhRMA, represents biopharmaceutical research companies and supports the search for new treatments and cures.
Date: November 27, 2019
Topics: health care;health check
Context: the “Politico Playbook PM” newsletter
Fact-check justification: In its advertisement, PhRMA cites a CBO analysis of the Pelosi-backed drug-pricing bill, H.R. 3. The ad suggests that the bill would "siphon $1 trillion or more from biopharmaceutical innovators over the next 10 years" and "reduce the introduction of new drugs." This  misses lots of important context. The CBO’s analysis is preliminary, and it could change. The $1 trillion in forgone revenue is the upper limit of what that preliminary analysis predicts. And even if you assume drug companies would lose this much in revenue, the number of drugs that wouldn't make it to market would constitute a small fraction of what pharmaceutical companies typically produce, said experts. It’s further unclear that the forgone drugs would have major clinical value ― little  suggests they necessarily would. Other analyses PhRMA pointed us to ― which might ostensibly support their  ― don’t stand up to scrutiny. This statement has some  to it but omits crucial context that would give a radically different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Photo shows Ice Cube and 50 Cent wearing Donald Trump hats.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 20, 2020
Topics: pop culture;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "I don’t care Trump doesn’t like black people 62% are you out of ya f------ mind." Among the people sharing the doctored image of the rapper and Ice Cube the next day was one of the president’s sons, Eric Trump.   "Two great, courageous, Americans!" he tweeted .   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Says Emma Gonzalez, a survivor of the Parkland school shooting, ripped up a copy of the U.S. Constitution
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 24, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: fake news
Context: posts on the Internet
Fact-check justification: But multiple other Twitter accounts  (including Adam Baldwin from the tweet above) have shared the posts in the name of political satire. Gab, "A free speech social network," tweeted the doctored GIF of Gonzalez ripping what looks like the Constitution, and then declared it was clearly "satire" shortly after. Despite this admission, the original post from Gab was retweeted more than 1,500 times and liked over 3,000 times. These  images of Gonzalez ripping up the U.S. Constitution are doctored. We rate this !
Statement: Says John Bolton "fundamentally was a man of the left.
Speaker: tucker carlson
About the speaker: Tucker Carlson was a Fox News pundit until his departure in April 2023.
Date: September 10, 2019
Topics: history;foreign policy;pundits;punditfact
Context: a TV segment
Fact-check justification: Carlson said Bolton "fundamentally was a man of the left." Bolton spent his whole career in Republican politics, and experts said his views have always tilted more to the American right than left.  We found no proof that he had elevated "Obama loyalists," either. We rate this statement !
Statement: President Trump just saved Christmas for 13 million retirees.
Speaker: reaganwasright
About the speaker: Reaganwasright is a satirical website.
Date: November 24, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: The point, of course, is to get someone on Facebook to click on the post thinking it is real. "I discovered that Facebook following plus blog plus ads equals income," Blair told us previously. In this case, the Reaganwasright Facebook post includes an innocuous headline, "President Trump just saved Christmas for 13 million retirees," and a caption that asks people to share the post 1,000 times to show appreciation for Trump. As of this writing, it had been shared 768 times. We rate this  .
Statement: Many elections in Bexar are being called with 0% of precincts reporting! I smell MAJOR FRAUD!
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 8, 2022
Location: national
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks;texas
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: The final results were published at 12:41 a.m. Nov. 9 and shows that 540,565 people in Bexar voted. Of that, 389,180 people — nearly 72% — participated in early voting or mailed in their ballots. The 151,385 others voted on Election Day. We find no  that early calls in Bexar County races suggested fraud. We rate that  .  PolitiFact researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this report.
Statement: In 2012, there were nearly 12.2 million arrests and only 410 "uses of deadly force" by police in the United States.
Speaker: edward flynn
About the speaker: Edward Flynn was the police chief in Milwaukee, Wis., from January 2008 to February 2018. He was police commissioner in Springfield, Mass., from 2006 to 2008. He served as secretary of public safety under then-Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney from January 2003 until taking the Springfield job.
Date: August 20, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: civil rights;criminal justice;public safety;guns
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: But the criminologists also noted Flynn’s comparison is one legitimate way to measure the frequency of police killings.    Our rating Flynn said that in 2012, there were nearly 12.2 million arrests and "410 uses of deadly force" by police in the United States. The Milwaukee police chief correctly quotes official FBI statistics on arrests and justifiable homicides by law enforcement officers, although it appears the 410 is an undercount of the number of people killed by police. We rate his statement . To comment on this item, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel website .
Statement: Says Mark Pocan's proposal to eliminate the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) would "eliminate border enforcement.
Speaker: leah vukmir
About the speaker: Republican Leah Vukmir was elected to the Wisconsin state Senate in 2010, representing a suburban Milwaukee district. She served in the state Assembly from 2002 to 2008. She lost a bid for the U.S. Senate in 2018.
Date: July 5, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: immigration;legal issues;crime;regulation
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: But enforcing the border is not even ICE’s job. Rather, the federal agency pursues unauthorized immigrants who are already inside the country. A different federal agency is responsible for patrolling the border, so border enforcement would continue even if ICE were eliminated. And, in any case, Pocan is not proposing to end border enforcement. For a statement that is  and , we rate Vukmir’s  .
Statement: Rep. Jim Renacci's plan to end Medicare also puts nursing home care for 3,000 seniors in the district in immediate jeopardy.
Speaker: democratic congressional campaign committee
About the speaker: The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee is responsible for assisting Democratic candidates for the U.S. House.
Date: June 8, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: health care;medicaid;medicare
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: "If you recognize that the bulk of Medicaid spending goes to nursing homes, you would have to conclude that nursing homes would be severely impacted," Lamphere said. So where does that leave the DCCC’s  on the -O-Meter?      There is an element of  to the DCCC , but it also ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. The DCCC packs a lot of misinformation into a single sentence. On the -O-Meter, we rate it .