chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Sen. McCain's tax plan provides "virtually nothing to the middle class.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: October 2, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: St. Louis
Fact-check justification: If you look down the road to 2012, those in the middle quintile would see tax cuts of $1,441 under McCain’s plan and $2,197 under Obama’s. The analysis backs up Obama’s broad contention that McCain’s tax policy is weighted to give the largest benefit to higher-income taxpayers. However, it’s  to say McCain’s plan would provide no relief to middle-class Americans. Its more generous exemption for dependents and lower tax rates would cut across income levels and reduce or eliminate many taxpayers’ AMT exposure. For this reason, we rule the Biden’s comment .
Statement: A study "from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard, and Dartmouth concluded that Medicaid's value to its beneficiaries is significantly lower than the actual cost of the program.
Speaker: tom price
About the speaker: Rep. Tom Price is the Secretary of Health and Human Services in the Trump administration. Previously, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives for the 6th District of Georgia, an area that includes Marietta and Canton.
Date: March 28, 2016
Location: georgia
Topics: health care;medicaid
Context: a Medium post
Fact-check justification: Price, in his committee’s resolution, said that "for too many Americans, Medicaid is an empty promise. … In fact, a study conducted by a team of renowned economists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard, and Dartmouth concluded that Medicaid’s value to its beneficiaries is significantly lower than the actual cost of the program." Academics did conclude that only a fraction of what Medicaid spends directly replaces what its beneficiaries would have had to pay for their health care costs. But even the Medicaid money that doesn’t replace the beneficiary’s own spending does pay for their health care. This conflicts with the resolution’s  that the paper showed that Medicaid’s "value to its beneficiaries is significantly lower than the actual cost of the program." The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details, so we rate it .
Statement: Says that, unlike the U.S. Senate, "even the Libyan government, in the middle of a civil war, passed a budget on June 15, 2011
Speaker: ann marie buerkle
About the speaker: Ann Marie Buerkle is a Republican U.S. representative from New York, having defeated Rep. Dan Maffei for his seat in the 2010 election.
Date: June 24, 2011
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;foreign policy
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Libya is a dictatorship, not a well-established constitutional democracy. Libya’s budget is much less complicated than the U.S. budget, since Libya’s gross domestic product is less than one-half of 1 percent of the GDP of United States. And the passage of the budget in June is seen as demonstrating less about Libya’s normal functioning of government and more about the Gadhafi regime’s need to show the world that it’s withstanding the offensives of the NATO-backed rebels. We give Buerkle credit for her facts, but demerits for her interpretation. So we rate her statement .
Statement: Says "Claire McCaskill receives the second-most contributions from insurance companies in the entire Senate.
Speaker: josh hawley
About the speaker: Josh Hawley took office as U.S. Senator from Missouri in 2019. Hawley previously served as Missouri’s Attorney General. 
Date: September 19, 2018
Location: missouri
Topics: campaign finance
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: Hawley said that "Claire McCaskill receives the second-most contributions from insurance companies in the entire Senate." This isn't a perfect reflection of her standing among senators in terms of health insurance contributions. This ranking is based all types of insurers, not just health insurers. But with current contributions, she ranks third among current senators for insurance-related donations during the 2018 campaign cycle. We rate the statement .
Statement: Under Barack Obama's health care proposal, "if you've got a health care plan that you like, you can keep it.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: October 7, 2008
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: Nashville, Tenn
Fact-check justification: But currently it includes a mandate only for children. Obama has said that he did not include a mandate for adults so as not to penalize people with modest incomes. It remains to be seen whether Obama's plan will actually be able to achieve the cost savings it promises for the health care system. But people who want to keep their current insurance should be able to do that under Obama's plan. His description of his plan is accurate, and we rate his statement .
Statement: Let me say that I don't think (Bernie Sanders has) had a single negative ad ever run against him.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: May 22, 2016
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;elections;negative campaigning
Context: an interview on "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "Let me say that I don't think (Sanders has) had a single negative ad ever run against him."  The number of attack ads against Sanders pales in comparison to the number against Clinton, but she’s  that he’s been completely spared. Democratic groups, including one supporting Clinton, and Republican outfits alike have gone after Sanders. We rate her  . Update, May 23, 2016: This report has been updated to include a response we received from Correct the Record after initial publication. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/d7df3b83-bd90-4892-b050-86ae781485af
Statement: The Democratic leader in the Senate, Harry Reid, has blocked any vote on the Keystone pipeline for years.
Speaker: chris wallace
About the speaker: Chris Wallace is the host of "Fox News Sunday."
Date: November 16, 2014
Topics: congress;energy;voting record;punditfact
Context: comments on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Wallace said "Reid has blocked any vote on the Keystone pipeline for years." In actuality, several amendments approving Keystone have come up for a vote in the Senate. And Reid and other top Democratic senators have offered Keystone votes several times as part of a broader legislative compromise. But Reid has generally blocked a simple up-or-down vote on the pipeline, using it either as a bargaining chip or by ignoring legislation coming from the House. Wallace’s  is partially accurate but goes too far by saying "any vote." We rate it .
Statement: Video shows gunfire in Venezuela.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 13, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: O Dia, a newspaper in Rio, also said in September that police were looking into the video in connection with a drug trafficking investigation.    Millions of Venezuelans have fled their country amid violence, socio-economic insecurity, food shortages and a lack of medical care. They recently surpassed Guatemalans and Hondurans as the second-largest nationality stopped at the U.S. border after Mexicans, according to the Associated Press .   But this video doesn’t show shooting in Venezuela.   We rate that  .
Statement: (Obama) did accept donations from lobbyists and PACs and he spent money in this campaign from that, through his political action committee.
Speaker: bill clinton
About the speaker: Bill Clinton was president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He is married to Hillary Clinton, the 2016 presidential nominee of the Democratic Party.
Date: March 16, 2008
Location: national
Topics: ethics
Context: an interview with the mtvU editorial board
Fact-check justification: Therefore it's a stretch for Clinton to say, "He said one thing and did another." But we're checking Clinton's  that "(Obama) did accept donations from lobbyists and PACs and he spent money in this campaign from that, through his political action committee." And Obama's leadership PAC did accept $16,000 from lobbyists, and another $125,000 from PACs, even though it was collected before Obama was an announced candidate. And nearly half of Hopefund's money was spent on key primary states during the campaign. So we rate Clinton's  .
Statement: Florida's coastal and stormwater infrastructure are "two of the most critical areas during a storm, and received D-plus and D ratings, respectively, by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 2016.
Speaker: gwen graham
About the speaker: Gwen Graham lost the Democratic primary for governor in Florida in 2018. She won Florida's second district seat in the U.S. House in 2014 and served for one term. She is the daughter of former Florida Gov. Bob Graham.
Date: September 18, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: environment
Context: an opinion-editorial
Fact-check justification: Graham said that Florida’s coastal area and stormwater infrastructure are not prepared to handle climate change, adding that the state "received D-plus and D ratings, respectively, by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 2016." Graham is accurately citing a report card given out by the oldest engineering society in the country and experts vouched for the group’s assessment and Graham’s larger point. Florida has failed to take preventative measures in the past and it needs to update its existing infrastructure to prepare for climate change. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton "makes more per hour at a speaking gig than the average CEO does in a year.
Speaker: glenn beck
About the speaker: Glenn Beck is the host of The Glenn Beck Program, a nationally syndicated talk-radio show. He also hosts an Internet-based TV show. Beck formerly hosted a television talk show on CNN Headline News and then Fox News.
Date: May 13, 2015
Topics: income;wealth;workers;punditfact
Context: a segment on his radio show
Fact-check justification: Beck said Hillary Clinton "makes more at a speaking gig in an hour than the average CEO does in a year," in the context of Clinton criticizing "out of control CEO salaries." This is an example of imperfect data. What’s clear is Clinton earned north of $200,000 for a typical paid appearance. But what’s complicated is comparing that one-off event to what a CEO makes in a year. Looking at CEOs of large companies, Beck’s  completely falls apart. The data that puts Beck’s  in the best light, from BLS, is incomplete. It doesn’t include stock options, bonuses and other benefits that typically make up an executive’s compensation package. Nor does it account for CEOs of small and medium-sized business who have ownership stakes. At the same time, it includes people classified as chief executives in the public sector, as well as in Puerto Rico — groups that drag the average salary down. Beck's statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: The Inland Empire is "the second fastest growing region" for jobs in California.
Speaker: gavin newsom
About the speaker: Gavin Newsom was elected governor of California in 2018. He is the state's former lieutenant governor and served as mayor of San Francisco. He is a Democrat.
Date: July 12, 2017
Location: california
Topics: economy;jobs;the 2018 california governor's race;transportation
Context: an interview on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom recently claimed the Inland Empire is "the second fastest growing region" in California. We took Newsom’s  to mean it has the second fastest job growth rate. Data compiled by two leading economists back up Newsom’s assertion. It shows the Inland Empire’s nearly 3.5 percent jobs growth rate in 2016 was second only to San Francisco’s 4.16 percent. Figures over the past five years show the Inland Empire grew jobs at 22.3 percent, again second only to the San Francisco market.   The lieutenant governor was also correct to describe these Inland Empire jobs as based in the transportation and distribution sectors, based on data from the economists. We rate Newsom’s  .   – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: EPA officials have commended (Koch Industries) for our 'commitment to a cleaner environment' and called us 'a model for other companies.'
Speaker: charles koch
About the speaker: Charles G. Koch is chairman of the board and CEO of Koch Industries, Inc., a position he has held since 1967. He is also a major donor to libertarian causes.
Date: April 2, 2014
Location: national
Topics: environment;regulation
Context: an op-ed for the "Wall Street Journal."
Fact-check justification: In his op-ed, Charles Koch wrote that "EPA officials have commended us for our ‘commitment to a cleaner environment’ and called us ‘a model for other companies.’ " Actually, the EPA was focusing on very limited aspects of Koch Industries and not the company as a whole. Further, Koch Industries has a history with the EPA that was completely glossed over, and it includes multiple violations of rules. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Breaking: federal judge grants permission to subpoena Trump.
Speaker: news.groopspeak.com
About the speaker: News.groopspeak.com is a website that attacks President Donald Trump.
Date: November 29, 2017
Topics: fake news;legal issues;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: For the record, a sitting president can be subpoenaed, said Berkeley Law Dean Erwin Chemerinsky. "Richard Nixon had documents subpoenaed, and the Supreme Court upheld this," he told PolitiFact. A headline stated that a "federal judge grants permission to subpoena Trump." A federal judge made a ruling about the preservation of documents in a case, but the subpoenas pertain to third-parties, not Trump individually. We rate this headline .
Statement: More lives are lost from violence against women, sex-selective abortion, female infanticide, suicide, egregious maternal mortality, and other sex-linked causes than were lost during all of the wars and civil strife of the 20th century.
Speaker: emma watson
About the speaker: Emma Watson is a British actress and Goodwill Ambassador for UN Women.
Date: February 24, 2016
Topics: global news service;women
Context: an interview with Gloria Steinem
Fact-check justification: Watson said, "More lives are lost from violence against women, sex-selective abortion, female infanticide, suicide, egregious maternal mortality, and other sex-linked causes than were lost during all of the wars and civil strife of 20th century." The  comes from the book Sex and World Peace by Valerie Hudson, who was citing a UN figure of 163 million missing women in 2005. That’s 10 million more than her estimate of lives lost in all of last century’s strife, 153 million. But this is using a high estimate for the first measure and a low estimate for the second. The number of sex-related deaths, which varies from year to year, typically falls within 100 million to 130 million range. The number of deaths due to war, according to most other estimates, is about 200 million. Both numbers are disturbingly high, but it’s not clear that one is definitively higher than the other.   With this caveat, we rate Watson’s  .
Statement: Overall we currently have $981 million, almost a billion dollars in active development projects right here in the City of Richmond.
Speaker: dwight jones
About the speaker: Dwight Jones, a Democrat, was elected mayor of Richmond in 2008 and was re-elected in 2012.
He previously served as in the Virginia House of Delegates, representing the 70th District, which is composed of parts of Richmond, Henrico County and Chesterfield County. His term ran from 1994 to 2008. For eight years,  he was chairman of the Virginia Legislative Black Caucus. He also previously served on the Richmond City School Board and as its chairman from 1982 to 1985.
Jones is also senior pastor of First Baptist Church of South Richmond.
Jones earned bachelor of science and master of divinity degrees from Virginia Union University, Richmond, and a doctorate from United Theological Seminary, Trotwood, Ohio.
Date: February 3, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: economy
Context: his annual State of the City Address
Fact-check justification: When completed works are excluded, the number of current or planned development deals falls to $732.3 million, 25.4 percent less than what the mayor cited. And another project, the $26.6 million Manchester on the James, is dormant. No doubt, Richmond has been developing in recent years and several major projects were successfully completed in 2010. But the mayor’s number is not right; it paints a better picture than what exists. Therefore we rate the Jones’  .
Statement: Election worker brags about destroying Trump ballots; rips up a ballot for DJT on video.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 9, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: I’ve never worked for them," according to Newsweek. He said he’s wearing his uniform for his job at Amazon in the viral TikTok video.   We rate this blog post . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: There is no legal basis" for Donald Trump's "missile strike against Syrian military assets.
Speaker: mark pocan
About the speaker: Mark Pocan was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2nd Congressional District on Nov. 6, 2012. He is from Madison and previously served as a Democratic member of the Wisconsin state Assembly. 
Date: April 7, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: legal issues;foreign policy;military
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: Even under the War Powers Resolution, the president can send in forces without approval from Congress. Lower courts have ruled in favor of the White House in the use of force, and the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear an appeal on that point. Our rating Pocan said: "There is no legal basis" for Trump's "missile strike against Syrian military assets." For limited military activities like the missile strike, presidents can send in forces without approval from Congress. We rate Pocan’s statement .
Statement: The African-American community lost half of their wealth as a result of the Wall Street collapse.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: February 11, 2016
Location: national
Topics: financial regulation;race and ethnicity
Context: comments during the PBS Democratic debate
Fact-check justification: Sanders said, "The African-American community lost half of their wealth as a result of the Wall Street collapse." Estimates for how much wealth blacks lost from 2005 to 2009 — as a result of the housing bubble — range from 53 percent to 61 percent. African-American net worth plummeted 43 percent from 2007 to 2013 — as a result of the financial crisis. Because the two financial crises are inseparable, we won’t quibble with Sanders’ timeline. We rate his  .
Statement: There's a large number of schools in Texas that don't even offer sex education.
Speaker: andrew white
About the speaker: Andrew White, a businessman whose father, Mark, served as governor of Texas from 1983 through 1986, seeks the 2018 Democratic nomination for governor.
Date: January 26, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: education;sexuality
Context: a claim to David Martin Davies of Texas Public Radio
Fact-check justification: White said a "large number" of Texas schools don’t offer sex education. In fact, most districts offered sex education in high school in 2015-16, according to a statewide analysis, though nearly 60 percent were teaching abstinence alone. The study estimated that 25 percent of districts didn't offer sex education. On balance, we rate this  .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: If every house in Florida had a solar-heated water tank, that would eliminate consumption by 17 percent.
Speaker: jeff kottkamp
About the speaker: Jeff Kottkamp is a former Florida lieutenant governor. He campaigned to be Florida Attorney General and was defeated in the Republican primary on Aug. 24, 2010.
Date: February 28, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: energy
Context: an interview on Newsmax TV
Fact-check justification: That's why the Department of Energy says the reduction for water heating energy costs is more along the lines of 50 to 80 percent of the current cost. That means rather than the 17 percent savings Kottkamp cites, it could be as low as 8.5 percent. So Kottkamp's underlying point is correct, but he's overreaching with his conclusion that it would reduce energy costs 17 percent. According to the federal estimate, the actual savings could be only half of that -- as low as 8.5 percent of total energy costs. So we find his  .