chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The Obama Administration wants to have soldiers and officers pledge a loyalty oath directly to the office of the President, and no longer to the Constitution.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: January 30, 2009
Location: national
Topics: patriotism
Context: many blogs and an email sent to many people
Fact-check justification: But we should have expected this. During the campaign, we found people were passing along e-mails claiming that Obama wanted to adopt the Coke theme song as the National Anthem . So now, as we did for that one, we've got to set the meter ablaze. And this  is not just  . It's a reminder that if you get something shocking in your inbox, you should check it out before you pass it along.
Statement: Existing law right now requires 700 miles of double-layered border fencing" on the Mexico border.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: December 17, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: immigration
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Cruz says, "Existing law right now requires 700 miles of double-layered border fencing." He complains that Obama is ignoring the mandate. Such a law was passed in 2006 but no longer is on the books. It was amended in 2008, before Obama took office, and the double-layered fencing requirement was removed. About 650 miles of fencing now stands, of which 36 miles is double-layered. Cruz’s statement is long past its expiration date. We rate it .
Statement: Virginia is "one of only a handful of states that actually taxes our veterans' retirement.
Speaker: glenn youngkin
About the speaker: Republican Glenn Youngkin was elected Virginia's governor in November 2021. He defeated Democrat Terry McAuliffe, who was governor from 2014 to 2018.
Youngkin was reared in Richmond and Virginia Beach and won a basketball scholarship at Rice University, where he earned an engineering degree. He earned a MBA from Harvard University. Youngkin worked 25 years at the Carlyle Group, a global private equity firm based in Washington with $230 billion in assets. He retired in 2020 as CEO after taking the company public. His net worth is estimated at $254 million, according to The Washington Post.
Youngkin's 2021 campaign for governor is his first bid for public office.
Date: February 17, 2022
Location: virginia
Topics: military;pensions
Context: a rally
Fact-check justification: Virginia is one of three states that fully tax military pensions. Twelve more states tax the pensions at reduced rates, which is what Youngkin wants to do in Virginia. All told, 15 states tax military pensions. That’s a minority, but certainly more than the "handful" Youngkin describes. We rate Youngkin's  Half .
Statement: Says during George W. Bush's administration "we were losing millions of jobs per month," while under Barack Obama we have "three years of gaining hundreds of thousands of jobs per month.
Speaker: michael moore
About the speaker: Michael Moore directed the movie "Capitalism: A Love Story" and is a well-known documentary filmmaker. His movies includes "Roger and Me," "Bowling for Columbine," "Fahrenheit 9/11," and "Sicko." He won the Academy Award for best documentary in 2002 with "Bowling for Columbine," and he was a nominee in 2007 for "Sicko." Michael Moore's Web site is www.MichaelMoore.com.
Date: November 2, 2012
Location: national
Topics: economy;history;jobs
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Moore's initial tweet was  when it said the nation was "losing millions" of jobs per month under Bush, since even the weakest month under Bush saw the economy lose less than 1 million jobs per month. And he was also  to say that the economy has been "gaining hundreds of thousands of jobs" per month for three years under Obama. The economy has averaged well under 200,000 jobs per month during that period and only exceeded the job-gain threshold of 200,000 in 10 months. We applaud his correction, but we still rate his initial tweet .
Statement: It is estimated that Arizona "has lost more than $100 million in hospitality industry revenues since passage of the Arizona immigration laws.
Speaker: anti-defamation league
About the speaker: The Anti-Defamation League was founded to fight anti-Semitism. It fights other forms of bigotry as well. 
Date: April 15, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: immigration
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: These, however, are all just estimates and projections. The ADL’s point was that the tourism industry has and will lose millions of dollars. The overall idea that Arizona will likely lose big money because of the new immigration law is correct. The ADL statement, however, leaves out important details and context. That fits our definition of .
Statement: Says "Harry Reid has a better voting attendance record than these three Congressmen!
Speaker: eugene yu
About the speaker: Eugene Yu is a Republican candidate for the U.S. Senate in Georgia.
Date: December 9, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a website
Fact-check justification: The numbers show he’s correct. But Reid votes far less than the House members. To us, it’s akin to comparing a baseball player who’s been up to bat 190 times to another who’s had 500 plate appearances. Yu’s  needs a little context to be fully explained. Under our rating system, this one meets the definition of a .
Statement: In Michigan, "we were able to really flatten" the racial disparity in COVID-19's impact "and make significant progress.
Speaker: garlin gilchrist
About the speaker: Garlin Gilchrist serves as Michigan's Lieutenant Governor. He assumed office January 1, 2019 and ran on a joint ticket with Democratic Governor Gretchen Whitmer.
Date: January 17, 2021
Location: michigan
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: a speech at MLK Day Jr. Youth Conference
Fact-check justification: Gilchrist claimed that Michigan has seen significant progress in reducing the racial disparities observed at the outset of the pandemic, particularly the disproportionate impact on Black residents, and credited community, state and local efforts. Public health experts and officials say Black residents as well as the state and local governments made significant efforts to narrow the disparity. But a surge in cases among white people has also contributed, as the impact of the pandemic spread beyond Detroit into predominantly white areas around the state. We rate Gilchrist’s  . Pat Byrne contributed reporting.
Statement: A government analysis shows under a proposed transportation tax, "metro Atlanta will create or support an additional 200,000 new jobs, including jobs that are maintained year over year.
Speaker: citizens for transportation mobility
About the speaker: Citizens for Transportation Mobility is an advocacy group that supports a 1 percent sales tax to pay for transportation projects in Georgia.
Date: April 16, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: transportation
Context: an advertisement
Fact-check justification: But those are job years. In fact, we don’t know how many of what your typical person would consider actual jobs this effort would create. Citizens for Transportation Mobility would have been much better off if it said the overhaul would create or sustain an average of 7,120 jobs each year. The statement contains a kernel of , but it is so unclear on important specifics that it is . It meets PolitiFact’s definition of .
Statement: The changes to Georgia's tax and fee structure "is an overall tax cut.
Speaker: brian robinson
About the speaker: Brian Robinson is the communications director for Georgia Gov. Nathan Deal, a Republican.
Date: March 21, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: We’d like to see more years worth of estimates to see how much revenue the state would collect past FY 2015. Some believe the state will see a surplus in revenue if Georgia’s population grows and more people buy cars. They could be right, especially if the sales tax holiday and construction exemption do not continue past FY 2015. Since Robinson’s quote was based solely on the impact to the state, and not to its taxpayers, the current state estimate does back up his  -- unless the construction exemption and sales tax holiday don’t continue. Based on the current estimates, we rate Robinson’s  as .
Statement: Fifty-three percent of graduates from liberal arts colleges these days can't find jobs.
Speaker: johnny isakson
About the speaker: Johnny Isakson, a Republican, is a U.S. senator from Georgia
Date: December 4, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: education
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: And even that report is viewed with suspicion in some quarters. Some college graduates are having trouble finding work. Isakson is correct about that. But his statement misquotes numbers in a study that itself has been questioned. We rate Isakson’s statement .
Statement: Says Rick Perry co-chaired Al Gore's campaign for president.
Speaker: michele bachmann
About the speaker: Michele Bachmann, first elected to the U.S. Congress in 2006, represents the 6th Congressional District of Minnesota. She was reelected in 2008. Previously, she served in the Minnesota State Senate. Prior to that, she spent five years as a federal tax litigation attorney. Bachmann and her husband, Marcus, who have five children and have opened their home to 23 foster children, live in Stillwater, Minn., and own a mental health care practice.
Date: October 11, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;elections
Context: the Bloomberg/Washington Post Republican presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Bobby Aikin, also among legislators then for Gore, said in an interview: "I think each one of us claimed to be a co-chair or coordinator or some-such like that."      So, say so long to the "Chairman Perry" legend? Sure, barring contradictory .      All in all, Perry indeed endorsed Gore for president, but he did not hold a campaign leadership post. We rate Bachmann’s statement .
Statement: Austin has "over 1,000 city employees that make six-figure salaries.
Speaker: jay wiley
About the speaker: Jay Wiley was a 2014 candidate for the the District 6 seat on the Austin City Council.
Date: September 15, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: city budget;city government;corrections and updates;workers
Context: an Austin City Council candidate forum
Fact-check justification: Wiley said more than 1,000 city workers make six-figure salaries. When he spoke, 879 workers earned more than $100,000, meaning he overshot. Then again, raises were about to take effect lifting workers in this pay category to 1,162. We rate the statement .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Four times, I said, he (John McCain) is a hero, but you know ... people choose selective pieces.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 19, 2015
Location: national
Topics: elections;military
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Four times, I said (McCain) is a hero but you know … people choose selective pieces." Trump literally said McCain is a hero five times, but never without caveats. Once, he added "perhaps, I believe" before conceding the point. Twice, he was interrupted. And the last two times, Trump said, "He is a war hero because he was captured." In other words, Trump also chose "selective pieces" and misquoted himself. We rate his  .
Statement: Says the government wants to require farm tractor drivers to hold commercial driver's licenses even if they're just crossing a single public road.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: August 15, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: agriculture;public safety;transportation
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: "Senator Grassley, when I asked him about it last night — I’ve got to go with your senior senator," Perry said. The newspaper said Perry’s staff, "checking their BlackBerrys, said it might be a recent development that federal transportation officials dropped the idea." The newspaper said Grassley, referring to the federal announcement, wrote in an electronic newsletter last week that common sense had appeared to prevail in the matter. Far as we can tell, the regulation questioned by Perry hasn't even been proposed at the federal level. We rate his statement .
Statement: The $1.9 trillion relief package is "about a bridge for Chuck Schumer, a tunnel for Nancy Pelosi.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: March 1, 2021
Location: national
Topics: stimulus;florida;coronavirus
Context: an interview with CBS News
Fact-check justification: Scott said the $1.9 trillion relief package is "about a bridge for Chuck Schumer, a tunnel for Nancy Pelosi." The bill has money both for a bridge between New York and Ontario, and for a mass transit project in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is difficult to tie them solely to Schumer and Pelosi because the Trump administration backed both efforts well before the current bill took shape.  Scott cherry-picked and mischaracterized a couple of examples of the bill’s overall spending. Even Republicans say about 50% goes toward helping households and businesses deal with the pandemic’s damage. We rate Scott’s  .
Statement: Mitt Romney ... gave you government health care that is now bankrupting the state" of Massachusetts.
Speaker: glenn beck
About the speaker: Glenn Beck is the host of The Glenn Beck Program, a nationally syndicated talk-radio show. He also hosts an Internet-based TV show. Beck formerly hosted a television talk show on CNN Headline News and then Fox News.
Date: November 2, 2009
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;health care;pundits
Context: a Webcast
Fact-check justification: Adding to these financial woes is an increase in the number of people relying on unemployment benefits as the result of losing their jobs, said Alan Sager, a professor of health policy and management at Boston University.     "The state would be facing a deficit no matter what," Sager said.    So, while the state may be broke, it has little to do with the health care program Mitt Romney put in place over three years ago. Instead, tax revenue shortfalls and a growing reliance on unemployment benefits due to layoffs have put a massive budget burden on the state. As a result, we give Beck a .
Statement: Says he was the only Republican candidate at a prior debate who said lower-income workers were being hurt by the economy.
Speaker: mike huckabee
About the speaker: Mike Huckabee ran for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former governor of Arkansas; he also sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2008. He left hosting a self-titled television show on Fox News in January 2015.
Date: January 24, 2008
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: Boca Raton
Fact-check justification: Others qualified their statements, depicting Michigan as something of an anomaly in an otherwise strong economy. Romney said his birth state was "undergoing a one-state recession." And Thompson said while pockets of the economy were having difficulty, he had no reason to believe the country was heading for a recession. While Huckabee gets the award for tough-talking realist, he was hardly alone in acknowledging hard times. For that reason, we judge his statement .
Statement: Texas House Speaker Joe Straus said, 'I do not care if Wallace Hall swings from a tree.'
Speaker: wallace hall
About the speaker: Wallace L. Hall, Jr., appointed by Gov. Rick Perry to the University of Texas System Board of Regents, later came under investigation by a special House panel after making inquiries into UT practices.
Date: December 6, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: states
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: According to Hall, Straus said, "I do not care if Wallace Hall swings from a tree." Straus said close to that, but he said in the same breath he’d likewise be open to a special panel deciding Hall deserved to be honored. Overall, the speaker made it clear he wasn’t judging Hall in advance of the committee’s review -- which is hardly how Hall characterized Straus' attitude. With all this detail available in the online video of the Straus interview, Hall’s statement shakes out as  and . !  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: George W. Bush doubled the debt from $5 trillion to $10 trillion. President Obama doubled the debt from $10 trillion to $20 trillion. Now we're on course to exceed $30 trillion in the next seven years or so.
Speaker: rand paul
About the speaker: Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky elected in 2010. He ran for president in 2016 before dropping out to seek re-election to the Senate. Paul is a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. His father is Ron Paul, a 2008 presidential candidate and a former member of Congress from Texas. 
Date: February 8, 2018
Location: national
Topics: debt;deficit;federal budget
Context: a Senate floor speech
Fact-check justification: Paul said, "George W. Bush doubled the debt from $5 trillion to $10 trillion. President Obama doubled the debt from $10 trillion to $20 trillion. Now we're on course to exceed $30 trillion in the next seven years or so." Paul is essentially right on all of the numbers. That said, his comment was  to personalize the cause of the debt increases. While Bush and Obama played a role in the increase in the federal debt on their watch, so did other factors, including demographics, external events, and congressional actions driven by the other party. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Paul Ryan backs a proposal that would be a "bailout" of Puerto Rico.
Speaker: center for individual freedom
About the speaker: The Center for Individual Freedom is a conservative political action committee based outside of Washington, D.C. that says its mission is to “protect and defend individual freedoms and individual rights guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution.”
 
Date: April 13, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: bankruptcy;debt;federal budget;financial regulation;retirement
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Our rating The Center for Individual Freedom, a Super PAC, says in a TV ad that Ryan backs a proposal that would be a "bailout" of Puerto Rico. The ad is  in its repeated use of the word bailout, in that legislation supported by Ryan -- unlike past bailout bills -- would not direct any U.S. tax dollars to the debt-ridden island. But the ad was careful to say the "bailout" would hurt "savers and seniors." And experts told us the bill almost certainly would result in lower returns for Americans who invested money in Puerto Rican bonds. For a statement that is partially accurate but takes things out of context, our rating is .
Statement: Video shows Steve Bannon crying, "Trump is going to jail.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 16, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  Searching more broadly online, and in the Nexis archive of news stories, we found nothing to corroborate the statement attributed to Bannon in the post. Rather, Bannon recently said Republicans will "incarcerate" the officials behind the FBI search.   "Starting in January, we’re going to investigate, we’re going to litigate and, wait for it, we’re going to incarcerate," he said.   This  that Bannon cried and said Trump is going to jail is unsupported by fact. We rate it .
Statement: The (Wisconsin) governor has proposed tax giveaways to corporations.
Speaker: donna brazile
About the speaker: A longtime Democratic political consultant and campaign manager for Al Gore’s 2000 presidential campaign. Currently a political commentator for CNN and frequent commentator on ABC's This Week with George Stephanopoulos.
Date: February 20, 2011
Location: national
Topics: corporations;pundits;this week - abc news;taxes
Context: an interview on "This Week with Christiane Amanpour."
Fact-check justification: Brazile said, "The (Wisconsin) governor has proposed tax giveaways to corporations." The tax breaks he signed into law were linked to job growth, which means they were not necessarily "giveaways." But he has proposed lower taxes for all businesses. And he’s supported those tax cuts even in the face of a tight budget, saying they would lead to job growth. Because Brazile gets Walker’s basic position on business taxes right -- he wants them lower -- we rate her statement .
Statement: Ten years ago the Austin Water Utility used a total of 240.3 million gallons. Every summer since then our peak day of water use has been lower.
Speaker: save our springs alliance
About the speaker: The Save Our Springs Alliance says on its website that it works to protect the Edwards Aquifer, its springs and contributing streams, and the natural and cultural heritage of the Hill Country region and its watersheds, with special emphasis on Barton Springs.
Date: August 16, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: city budget;city government;water
Context: a newsletter post
Fact-check justification: Utility spokesman Kevin Buchman later told us by email that in 2002, the "main reason for moving forward with the construction of a new plant was to meet the projected demands." He said, though, the utility’s mid-decade focus on conservation allowed the city to postpone the plant’s completion by more than five years. "Also," Buchman said, "since 2002 we have had one of our (originally three) plants decommissioned and our other two water plants have been expanded as much as possible." We won’t try to settle the water plant debate here. But the alliance’s statement about peak water use rates .
Statement: Pat Morrisey joined a federal lawsuit to allow insurance companies to deny coverage for people with pre-existing conditions.
Speaker: joe manchin
About the speaker: Joe Manchin is a U.S. senator from West Virginia. The former governor of West Virginia won a special election in November 2010 to complete the balance of the late Sen. Robert Byrd’s term.
Date: June 22, 2018
Location: national
Topics: health care;legal issues
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Manchin said, "Pat Morrisey joined a federal lawsuit to allow insurance companies to deny coverage for people with pre-existing conditions." Morrisey told PolitiFact that he supports some form of protection for those with pre-existing conditions. Nevertheless, Morrisey did join a lawsuit filed by numerous state Republican officials that asks a court to rule all or part of the 2010 health care law unconstitutional and to prevent the enactment of rules, regulations or other actions under the law. Various health-policy specialists agreed that such a decision from the court would effectively eliminate protections for people with pre-existing conditions. The statement ia accurate but needs additional information, so we rate it .