chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Wisconsin is one of the few states in the country that do not currently require a photographic identification" to vote.
Speaker: terry moulton
About the speaker: Terry Moulton, a Republican, is a member of the Wisconsin state Senate from Chippewa Falls. He was elected to the Senate in 2010 and previously spent time in the state Assembly.
Date: April 28, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections
Context: letters to constituents
Fact-check justification: The bottom line? As Wisconsin was on the verge of enacting a photo ID requirement for voting, Moulton said the state was one of only a few without one. But as senators prepared to cast their final vote, most states still do not require photo ID to vote. Moulton’s  to constituents, as his office notes, was well off target. We rate it .
Statement: 97% of murders occur with handguns.
Speaker: adam kinzinger
About the speaker: Adam Kinzinger is a U.S. congressman from Illinois’ 16th district and a former member of the Air Force.
Date: August 9, 2019
Location: illinois
Topics: crime;guns
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Kinzinger claimed 97% of murders are committed with handguns. That figure is off-target. In 2017, 46% of all murders were committed with handguns, federal data show. Firearms were used in more than 70% of all homicides, however. And in at least two-thirds of those cases, the firearm was a handgun, making them by far the most common murder weapon. We rate Kinzinger’s  .  — The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Students In Fla. High School Forced To Recite Islamic Prayer, Make Prayer Rugs.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 12, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: education;islam
Context: a headline on DownTrend.com
Fact-check justification: DownTrend.com’s headline read, "Students In Fla. High School Forced To Recite Islamic Prayer, Make Prayer Rugs." This makes it sound as if students were being indoctrinated into a religion, and that's not the case. Instead, students were studying the religion of Islam as part of a world history class. According to a district investigation, pupils were assigned to make prayer rugs as an art assignment. The district recommended a different art assignment be made from now on. As for reciting the pillars of Islam in class, only one student complained his class was made to read the shahada. The investigation cited a notable lack of  that anyone was forced to recite a prayer. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Says area near proposed northern Wisconsin iron ore mine is "15 hours away" from where public hearing on mining was held.
Speaker: kelda helen roys
About the speaker: Kelda Helen Roys, a Madison Democrat, was elected to the Wisconsin Assembly in 2008 and served until 2012. In 2012, she lost to Mark Pocan in the race for the Democratic nomination for the U.S. House of Representatives. She is running for the Democratic nomination for governor in 2018. An attorney, Roys is the former executive director of NARAL Pro-Choice Wisconsin, which supports abortion rights.
Date: January 5, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: environment;government regulation
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: OK. It is, indeed, a lengthy drive from northwestern Wisconsin to West Allis. About seven hours long, or less. Not 15. We rate Roys’ statement .
Statement: Our economy is not growing.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: July 20, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: economy
Context: a speech at the Republican convention
Fact-check justification: Scott said, "Our economy is not growing." The GDP has grown between 1.5 and 2.5 percent each year since 2010. That’s perhaps not the level of growth Scott wants, but it’s  to say that the economy isn’t growing. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/c5eac01a-ba69-47a7-a778-3f79a143f472
Statement: No, the Pennsylvania Senate race wasn't 'rigged'
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 14, 2022
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: We found no news reports or other credible sources suggesting  of widespread voter fraud in Pennsylvania’s election. We did see plenty of fact-checks debunking misinformation about the election, including some of our own. One debunked claims that an election results map proves the election there was rigged, and another that Oz’s Instagram following, considerably larger than Fetterman’s, is proof the race was illegitimate.   It’s not, and claims that the Pennsylvania election was rigged are baseless. We rate this post !
Statement: We've created more than 850,000 jobs, more than all the other states combined.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: September 12, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: economy;message machine 2010
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: According to the Texas Workforce Commission, Texas had 334,100 state government jobs in 2001, the year Perry took office, and 369,800 in 2009 — an increase of 35,700 jobs, or 10.7 percent, on Perry's watch. Significantly, Perry doesn't overtly take personal credit for the state leading the nation in jobs gained over his years as governor. We rate his statement as . This story has been updated to correct the month that Perry became governor. He succeeded George W. Bush on December 21, 2000, not in January 2001.
Statement: Austin mayoral candidate Steve Adler has "never been active in anything that has to do with City Hall.
Speaker: mike martinez
About the speaker: Mike Martinez,a former firefighter and 2014 candidate for mayor of Austin, served multiple terms on the Austin City Council; her last term ended in early 2015.
Date: November 11, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;city government;criminal justice;crime
Context: an interview for a news story
Fact-check justification: Martinez said Adler has "never been active in anything that has to do with City Hall." Adler hasn’t been a member of city boards or commissions and we accept Martinez’s assertion Adler hasn’t addressed the council. Then again, Adler had a leadership hand in developing the hate crimes task force and the city’s cultural master plan. All told, this never/anything statement strikes us as  and . !  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Joe Biden said of Jill Biden, "She was 12, I was 30.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 2, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "She was 12, and I was 30. But anyway, this woman helped me get an awful lot done. "  Some social media posts wrongly claimed that this amounted to Biden admitting he had an inappropriate relationship with a minor. That’s , and so is the  that he said his wife was 12 when he was 30.   We rate this post .
Statement: Says the House Rules Committee is the only panel, other than the Intelligence and Ethics committees, not able to telecast proceedings in its main hearing room.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: November 5, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: transparency
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: Boehner press secretary Michael Steel responded that the speaker-elect "is committed to making the House more transparent and accountable. "A number of media outlets, including C-SPAN, have requested the ability to install private cameras in the House chamber," Steel said.   "While no decisions have been made at this time, these requests are under review." But cameras will be installed in the hearing room of the Rules Committee -- which has been the only panel besides the Intelligence and Ethics committees lacking them. We rate Boehner’s statement as .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama is urging Chicago's mayor to pressure prosecutors into not charging Jussie Smollett.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 20, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Chicago Police Superintendent Eddie Johnson recently said there’s more  "that hasn’t been presented yet that does not support his innocence." The producers of Empire announced Smollett will no longer appear on the show. Clearly, it would be national news if a former president inserted himself in a high-profile case such as this one. There is no  that this has happened. This  is !
Statement: Refugees are throwing rocks and trying "to kill you.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 2, 2018
Topics: corrections and updates;fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: Though the photo is widely used in connection with the intifada, we couldn’t find any news reports or retrospectives that featured the image with an official caption or credited to a photographer or publication. However, it’s clear that it’s been around since at least the mid-2000s, and its grainy quality suggests it’s even older. And what’s more, no credible outlets link it to the Central American migrants seeking refuge in the United States. We rate this  ! Correction and update (Nov. 8, 2018): The Facebook user who posted this meme goes by the name The Snarky Conservative 2. In an earlier version of this post, we linked to a different account. The story has been updated. This post also has been updated with news reports saying some members of the migrant caravan have thrown rocks at the Guatemala-Mexico border.
Statement: For years now, we have spent more money than we have taken in.
Speaker: annise parker
About the speaker: Annise Parker is the mayor of the city of Houston.
Date: March 10, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: economy
Context: a newspaper article
Fact-check justification: Since fiscal 2009, the city has been drawing on those reserve funds, ending each year with less than it started. So far, it has drawn $56 million from the fund. Parker is correct that the city has spent more than it's taken in for years, though her time reference works only because the city's fiscal year always includes portions of two calendar years — in this case, 2008 and 2009. Put another way, the city has taken in less than it’s spent for about a year and a half, which includes one complete fiscal year and part of the current one. We rate Parker's statement as .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton supported and continues to "support fracking.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: April 10, 2016
Location: national
Topics: environment
Context: an interview on NBC's Meet the Press
Fact-check justification: Sanders said that Clinton supported and continues "to support fracking." As secretary of state, Clinton supported and promoted fracking around the world. As a 2016 candidate, her support comes with conditions such as local choice, stronger environmental regulation and chemicals. Sanders’  is accurate but needs additional information. We rate it .
Statement: Pope Francis: Gun owners 'can't call themselves Christian'
Speaker: thenewyorkevening.com
About the speaker: A website associated with posting fake news.
Date: May 8, 2018
Topics: fake news;religion;punditfact;guns
Context: a fake news blog post
Fact-check justification: Sadly, the answer, as we all know, is simply for money: money that is drenched in blood, often innocent blood." The New York Evening News article had the pope talking about gun owners when he wasn’t, and gun makers specifically when he was talking about the arms trade in general. Plus, it made it sound as though he was speaking recently and in the context of the current debate over guns after the shootings in Parkland, Fla., when in reality, his speech was three years old. It’s just another example of  news writers shooting from the hip. We rate the headline !
Statement: While we are all sitting here debating, Wisconsin has kicked hundreds of thousands of people off of their voting rolls.
Speaker: amy klobuchar
About the speaker: Amy Klobuchar is a senator from Minnesota. Klobuchar was elected as senator in 2006 and re-elected in 2012 and 2018. Klobuchar received a bachelor’s degree in political science from Yale University and a J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School. In 2019, she announced she was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out March 2, 2020.
Date: February 25, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: legal issues;states
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Klobuchar said during the debate in South Carolina that, "While we are all sitting here debating, Wisconsin has kicked hundreds of thousands of people off of their voting rolls." Her campaign said she was referring to purges in 2017 and 2018, which did result in hundreds of thousands of voters being removed from the rolls. But her statement implied that was underway during the debate, which is not the case. Our definition of  is "The statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression." That fits here.  window.gciAnalyticsUAID = 'PMJS-TEALIUM-COBRAND';
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Statement: Says "city leadership is threatening to lay off police and emergency services personnel to balance the budget.
Speaker: memphis police association
About the speaker: The Memphis Police Association is the union representing Memphis police officers.
Date: April 25, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: city budget;public safety
Context: a commercial
Fact-check justification: In trying to influence the Memphis budget hearings, the Memphis Police Association ran commercials claiming that a mayor who still has never proposed cuts in public safety areas was "threatening to lay off police and emergency services personnel to balance the budget." Though the mayor said he was "not going to rule out anything" he never said there were serious plans to lay off cops or emergency services personnel. In fact, he said such moves would be a "last resort" and the budget he eventually proposed calls for increased spending on public safety. We therefore rule the police union’s statement .
Statement: There are more guns in this country than there are people.
Speaker: kevin nicholson
About the speaker: Republican Kevin Nicholson, a former Marine, announced in July 2017 that he would run in 2018 for the seat held by U.S. Sen. Tammy Baldwin, D-Wis. He is a business consultant who lives in Delafield, Wis.
Date: February 18, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: crime;polls and public opinion;population;guns
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Nicholson says: "There are more guns in this country than there are people." There is no official count of the number of firearms in the United States. In one estimate, for 2009, the number of guns exceeded the population. But the most recent estimate cited by gun-statistics experts puts the figure at 265 million guns as of January 2015, when the population was 320 million. We rate Nicholson’s statement .
Statement: The founders advised non-interventionism.
Speaker: ron paul
About the speaker: Ron Paul, a Texas physician, served two stints in the U.S. House. He also was the Libertarian Party nominee for president in 1988 before later seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012. He didn't seek re-election to the House in 2012.
Date: October 21, 2007
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: Orlando
Fact-check justification: "Certainly for that time period, that was their advice," she said. Historians over the years have debated whether the founders' advice should be extrapolated as appropriate for circumstances more than two hundred years later. That debate continues today. Interestingly, another piece of advice Washington had in his farewell address was to avoid party affiliations, especially parties based on regional distinctions. (Red states, blue states, anyone?)
Statement: During the Bush administration, you actually had a prominent liberal write a book about how Bush was preparing for a fascist takeover of this country.
Speaker: rich lowry
About the speaker: Rich Lowry is the editor of National Review.
Date: May 10, 2015
Topics: bush administration;corrections and updates;terrorism;punditfact
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Lowry said that a leading liberal had written a book about how Bush was preparing for a fascist takeover of this country. The book Lowry cited does not allege a specific plot. Rather it uses events during the Bush administration and compares them to events that happened in the build-up of totalitarian regimes around the world. But in an interview in the run-up to the 2008 presidential election, Wolf said a coup was underway and that Bush may declare martial law and prevent the 2008 election. Lowry’s  rates .
Statement: If you look at the income of average Americans...they're absolutely flat in constant dollars since 1979.
Speaker: don beyer
About the speaker: Donald S. Beyer Jr. is the Democratic nominee for 8th District congressional seat Democrat in Northern Virginia. The seat has been occupied since 1992 by Democrat Jim Moran, who is not seeking reelection.
Beyer served two terms as Virginia's lieutenant governor from 1990 to 1998. He ran for governor in 1997 and lost to Republican Jim Gilmore. From 2009 to 2013, he was ambassador to Switzerland and Liechtenstein.  
Beyer and his younger brother, Michael, are the owners of nine car dealerships in Northern Virginia.
Beyer was born in 1950 in Trieste, Italy, the son of a U.S. Army officer. He was raised in Washington, D.C. and graduated from Williams College, magna cum laude, with a degree in economics.
 
Date: February 4, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: income;workers
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Beyer says the income of middle-class Americans has been "absolutely flat" since 1979. He supports that  by pointing to oft-cited Bureau of Labor and Statistics data showing little or no inflation-adjusted growth in the median gross wage of workers over the last 35 years. An analysis of Census Bureau data yields similar results. Economists, however, define income in far broader terms than individual gross wages. A wider examination of income by the Congressional Budget Office -- which includes other earnings, benefits and tax payments -- shows median household income has increased by 47 percent over the last generation. So there’s plenty of  backing Beyer’s , but it doesn’t win unanimous support from economists. We rate his statement .
Statement: Says that in 2009, Jon Huntsman "said that the Recovery Act wasn't large enough and as governor he asked for $14.4 billion in federal stimulus funds. Now he's saying that he never supported it.
Speaker: richard swett
About the speaker: Richard Swett is a former U.S. representative from New Hampshire.
Date: June 21, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;new hampshire 2012;stimulus
Context: a conference call with reporters
Fact-check justification: Huntsman's comments on the stimulus have been all over the map. He said from the start he would have voted against it -- because it wasn't big enough -- and then he's offered different explanations that have emphasized the need for more infrastructure spending or more tax cuts. Swett was right in saying that Huntsman requested $14 billion in stimulus funds, and that he offered his support for a figure even larger -- $1 trillion. But Swett's account is too one-sided. The record shows Huntsman has continued to raise questions about the stimulus all along, even as he accepted the money. We rate Swett’s statement .
Statement: One in five American households have nobody under the same roof that's got a job.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: October 31, 2016
Location: national
Topics: economy;families;jobs;workers
Context: Cocoa Beach, Fla
Fact-check justification: Pence said, "One in five American households have nobody under the same roof that's got a job." Pence has a point that, according to federal data, about one of every five families, and about one of every four households, does not include a worker. However, this glosses over the fact that a big majority of these households have no worker because they consist of senior citizens who have retired -- an entirely different policy concern than a weak labor market, and one whose demographic roots make it beyond the reach of the Obama administration. We rate Pence’s statement .