chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: From 2010 to 2017, natural gas production plummeted by nearly 70 percent in New York, but it soared almost 1,000 percent in Pennsylvania.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 13, 2019
Location: new york
Topics: energy;pennsylvania
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: President Trump said between 2010 and 2017, natural gas production in New York fell by nearly 70 percent, while production in Pennsylvania grew by nearly 1,000 percent.   In Pennsylvania, total natural gas production grew by 854 percent between 2010 and 2017. In New York, total natural gas production fell by between 66 and 68 percent.  Trump’s statement was  accurate, but there’s enough difference between 854 percent and nearly 1,000 percent to warrant a  ruling.
Statement: In many places, like California, the same person votes many times. You probably heard about that. They always like to say 'oh that's a conspiracy theory.' Not a conspiracy theory, folks. Millions and millions of people.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 5, 2018
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: West Virginia
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "In many places, like California, the same person votes many times. You probably heard about that. They always like to say 'oh that's a conspiracy theory.' Not a conspiracy theory, folks. Millions and millions of people. They don’t want to see it." While there have been some investigations into multiple voting allegations, including some convictions, they are rare. We found no  that the amount of double voting is anywhere close to millions. We rate this statement . '
Statement: 'What difference, at this point, does it make?' I am the guy that got under her skin and provoked that infamous response from Hillary Clinton by asking a pretty simple question, 'Why didn't you just pick up the phone and call the survivors' (of the Benghazi attack)?
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: July 19, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;foreign policy
Context: Cleveland
Fact-check justification: Johnson said, "I am the guy that got under her skin and provoked that infamous response from Hillary Clinton by asking a pretty simple question, 'Why didn't you just pick up the phone and call the survivors’ (of the Benghazi attack)?" During a 2013 hearing, Johnson suggested repeatedly that had Clinton phoned the Benghazi compound, she would have known the attack wasn’t related to alleged protests. Clinton did get exasperated and say, "What difference, at this point, does it make?" But Johnson’s phrasing omits the fact that Clinton did provide other detailed responses to Johnson’s question. The  is accurate but needs additional information. We rate the  .
Statement: A photograph shows Beto O'Rourke nearly nude with the words "feminist," "atheist" and "slut" on his body.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 14, 2019
Topics: candidate biography;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The caption of this photo , by photographer Dimitris Lampropoulos, notes that it’s taken at the Gay Pride Parade in Athens on June 11, 2016. We searched for news reports about O’Rourke attending the parade and found none. He did live-stream a sit-in organized by Democrats at the U.S. House of Representatives that month, speak at a conference on border competitiveness and, on June 12, attended a vigil in El Paso in the wake of a mass shooting of a gay nightclub in Florida.    But that person in the photo isn't him. We rate this Facebook post !
Statement: Sotomayor has had her rulings thrown out by the court a troubling four times.
Speaker: libertarian national committee 
About the speaker: The Libertarian Party was founded in 1971 as an alternative to the two main political parties, and stands for smaller government and lower taxes.
Date: May 26, 2009
Location: national
Topics: sotomayor nomination;supreme court
Context: a press release from May 26, 2009
Fact-check justification: So the Libertarian Party is correct that Sotomayor was reversed four times: three at the appellate level and one at the district court level. But this is out of hundreds of potential cases. Furthermore, the Libertarian Party's implication that four cases represents a high rate of reversal just doesn't hold up. Her record is not far off from another well-known justice, Samuel Alito , nor is it at all unusual for the Supreme Court to reverse most of the cases it hears every year, according to legal experts we spoke to. We rate their statement .
Statement: Merriam-Webster recently changed its definition of the word "vaccine" and removed the immunity portion.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 4, 2021
Location: national
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims that Merriam-Webster changed the definition of vaccine and removed the portion about immunity. This is . The dictionary did recently revise its definition of vaccine to be more detailed. But it didn’t eliminate the portion about immunity. Rather, it changed the wording to say that vaccines stimulate the body’s immune response against a specific infectious agent or disease. The entry also references the definition of "immune response," which is more detailed than before. This  presents an element of  but leaves out critical facts that would give a different impression. That’s our definition for . ​​
Statement: It's a good sign for Obamacare that in California, "the proportion of kids who are signing up is the proportion of kids in the population.
Speaker: ezekiel emanuel
About the speaker: Ezekiel Emanuel is Vice Provost for Global Initiatives and chair of the Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy at the University of Pennsylvania. He previously served as special adviser for health policy to the director of the White House Office of Management and Budget.
Date: December 1, 2013
Topics: health care;punditfact
Context: an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Emanuel tried to point to a good sign for the health care law in California, saying "the proportion of kids who are signing up is the proportion of kids in the population." The statement is pretty accurate for young adults for the month of October. But it is a curious statistic. Health policy experts said the stat is  because the entire California population is not supposed to access the marketplace. They offered more apt comparisons that relate more closely to the uninsured population and alter the figures. The more important takeaway is that it’s very early to draw significant conclusions about California’s performance and what it could mean for a functional Healthcare.gov after its first month. We rate Emanuel’s  .
Statement: We have more illegal immigrants here" than we did five years ago.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: January 31, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Rubio said, "We have more illegal immigrants here" than we did five years ago. Multiple estimates show that the illegal immigrant population has stabilized, or even decreased, from its peak in 2007 through 2014, the latest available data. According to Pew, the illegal immigrant population was 11.3 million in 2014, down from 11.4 million five years prior in 2010. This is in sharp contrast to dramatic and steady increases throughout the 1990s and early 2000s. There is no  to support the idea that the illegal immigrant population has grown in the past five years. We rate Rubio’s  .
Statement: Over the past 10 years, the number of people living in Lower Manhattan has nearly doubled. In fact, Lower Manhattan has added more people over the last 10 years than Atlanta, Dallas and Philadelphia combined.
Speaker: michael bloomberg
About the speaker: Michael Bloomberg was mayor of New York City from 2002 to 2013. The billionaire co-founded Bloomberg LP, a financial information and media company, in 1981. On Nov. 24, 2019, he announced his candidacy for the 2020 Democratic nomination for president and dropped out on March 4, 2020.
Date: September 6, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: housing;terrorism
Context: Lower Manhattan
Fact-check justification: Nearing the 10th anniversary of the Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, Bloomberg claimed the population in Lower Manhattan has nearly doubled, exceeding the combined growth in Atlanta, Dallas and Philadelphia. Census data backs up his statement. Many people not only paid more attention to Lower Manhattan in the years following Sept. 11. They moved there. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says that 9 million to 50 million undocumented immigrants live in the United States.
Speaker: texas federation of republican women
About the speaker: The Texas Federation of Republican Women describes itself as the most powerful women's political group in the state.
Date: January 17, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;population
Context: an approved resolution
Fact-check justification: The federation said there are 9 million to 50 million illegal U.S. residents. At a glance, that’s almost certainly right, though one could similarly say there are zero to 100 million. Too vast a range is . It’s also fair to concede that no one knows the precise number of illegal residents. However, accepted estimates, tied to household surveys and other research, suggest that the likely range tops out at 12 million or so, only one quarter of the federation’s unsupported top-end 50 million figure. We rate this  as .
Statement: Mitt Romney says class sizes don't matter.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: August 22, 2012
Location: national
Topics: education;message machine 2012
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Obama’s ad claims that "Mitt Romney says class sizes don’t matter." That's pretty much what he has said, saying that Massachusetts data "showed that classroom size was not relevant in my state to how well the kids were doing." We rate the  .
Statement: Barack Obama has "reversed" on his commitment "to begin withdrawing American troops from Iraq immediately.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: July 3, 2008
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Context: an e-mail message from campaign spokesman Brian Rogers
Fact-check justification: And again, that pace translates into having our combat troops out in 16 months' time." Weighing all these statements together, we find the McCain campaign is off-base in saying Obama has changed position. Obama repeatedly said facts on the ground could affect the tactical moves of an overall withdrawal. Obama's position was not an iron-clad withdrawal timeline in the first place. We find the McCain campaign's statement that Obama has reversed position to be .
Statement: Says it's "OK to kill babies once born" in Virginia.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 30, 2019
Location: virginia
Topics: abortion
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post says it’s "OK to kill babies once born" in Virginia.  Late-term abortions are allowed under the state’s laws through the third trimester if doctors certify the procedure is necessary for the mother’s health — the proposed law discussed by Northam would not have changed the time period during which an abortion is allowed.  As we’ve previously reported , Northam’s comments were confusing and he didn’t clarify what he meant by saying "resuscitated." But he was speaking in the context of pregnancies in which the fetus has severe deformities or is nonviable. The Facebook post overreaches by claiming it’s OK to kill newborns. In Virginia, that’s a felony.  We rate this post .
Statement: Fentanyl is the leading cause of death for Americans 18-45.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: April 5, 2023
Location: texas
Topics: drugs;public health
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Fentanyl comprises about 90% of synthetic narcotic deaths, the CDC said.   Medical experts also said it is likely  but could not be sure because of the lack of CDC data.   The Washington Post conducted its own analysis for a similar age range, 18 to 49, and found that fentanyl was the leading cause of death for that group in 2021 by several thousands.   Abbott’s statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. That’s our definition for .
Statement: 22 times Barack Obama said he did not have the authority to implement this type of" anti-deportation "measure. And then the day after he signed this into law, he said, quote, 'I just changed the law.'
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: February 17, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: immigration
Context: an interview with Sean Hannity on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Abbott said that 22 times, Obama "said he did not have the authority to implement this type of" anti-deportation "measure. And then the day after he signed this into law, he said, quote, ‘I just changed the law.’" Like McCaul, Abbott overstates the number of confirmed instances of Obama indicating he couldn’t independently do more to prevent deportations. He also left out some of what Obama said about changing the law and was slightly off on the president’s timing. With these clarifications, though, Abbott’s statement is spot-on. We rate the  .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: One international flight a day in a wide-bodied jet ... one flight daily generates $150 million a year and approximately 2,300 jobs.
Speaker: bob buckhorn
About the speaker: Bob Buckhorn is making his second run for mayor in Tampa's nonpartisan elections on March 1, 2011. He previously served on the City Council from 1995-2003.
Date: September 2, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: economy;transportation
Context: an interview on WEDU-TV
Fact-check justification: The mayor drew on a consultant's study to support the need to lure international flights to Tampa. But he chose an economic impact of $150 million for his generalization — when just one of the airport's five target areas is in Europe. The rest are in Central and South America, which the study says would generate less than half the economic impact he mentioned. Meanwhile, he misspoke on the jobs number, nearly doubling it. Still, the study does support the idea that a new flight's impact might justify local hustle and incentives, the core of Buckhorn's argument. We rule his statement .
Statement: The entire city (of Portland) is ablaze all the time.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 31, 2020
Location: national
Topics: fires;crime
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Our ruling Trump said of Portland: "The entire city is ablaze all the time." While months of protests in Portland have seen many fires set to streets, trash cans, and buildings, those incidents have been confined to a few small sections of the city and relatively easy for the city’s fire department to extinguish. Most of the city has been unaffected. The whole city is not in flames. We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: South Carolina has a labor shortage, specifically in the meatpacking industry.
Speaker: lindsey graham
About the speaker: Lindsey Graham is a U.S. senator from South Carolina. He was a candidate for the Republican nominee for president in 2016.
Date: February 14, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: immigration;jobs
Context: a Senate hearing
Fact-check justification: To sum up, research shows that South Carolina’s unemployment is almost a full percentage point higher than the national average, and the rate for lower-educated residents is even higher. But in the meatpacking industry, the nature of the work and the wages often turn off many American workers, those on both sides of the immigration debate said. Graham said that there was a problem filling certain jobs, even amid high unemployment. But his statement lacks context about wages and conditions in the meatpacking industry. We rate his  .
Statement: You will learn more about Donald Trump by going down to the Federal Elections" to see the financial disclosure form than by looking at tax returns.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 26, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;economy;income;transparency;wealth;taxes
Context: a Presidential debate at Hofstra University
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "You will learn more about Donald Trump by going down to the Federal Elections" to see the financial disclosure form than by looking at his returns. An observer would find valuable information about Trump’s personal financial holdings from his extensive (and legally required) financial-disclosure form. However, experts consider that a red herring. Unlike all presidential nominees since 1980, Trump has not released his tax returns, which experts say would offer valuable details on his effective tax rate, the types of taxes he paid, and how much he gave to charity, as well as a more detailed picture of his income-producing assets. Trump’s statement was, and is, . We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/314c9496-1c70-41c2-ac55-0b36b9e7cc4d
Statement: In 2010, 48,000 felons and fugitives lied and illegally tried to purchase guns. They [The Obama administration] prosecuted only 44 of them.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: November 6, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: crime;guns
Context: an interview with Shannon Bream of Fox News
Fact-check justification: Cruz said: "In 2010, 48,000 felons and fugitives lied and illegally tried to purchase guns" and the Obama administration "prosecuted only 44 of them." There may have been even fewer federal prosecutions of such felons and fugitives, figures indicate, though Cruz failed to note that this paucity wasn’t unique to one administration. It’s also worth clarifying that we don’t know if all 48,000 individuals knowingly misled the government. Few of the tallied background checks resulted in further investigation. We rate Cruz's  .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.