chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Two thirds to three quarters of people without [health] insurance in Rhode Island work.
Speaker: elizabeth roberts
About the speaker: Elizabeth Roberts has been Rhode Island's Secretary of Health and Human Services since January 2015. Previously, she served as lieutenant governor from 2007 to 2015, the first woman to hold that office. Prior to that, she was a State Senator from Cranston and Warwick.
Date: July 29, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: health care;poverty;public health;welfare
Context: a panel discussion on "A Lively Experiment"
Fact-check justification: Lt. Gov. Elizabeth Roberts said, "Two thirds to three quarters of people without [health] insurance in Rhode Island work." Unfortunately, none of the data precisely match up with the way she cast her statement. The Kaiser numbers Roberts cited to support her  represent families, not individuals. The Mathematica study showed far fewer working people without insurance, but it's based on a projection using older data. In cases where the facts don't precisely match up with the statement, PolitiFact tries to use the data that are available and triangulate to get the . Roberts' larger point, that a lot of Rhode Islanders without health insurance are working people, is . But she gave a range of two thirds to three quarters -- 67 percent to 75 percent. The Rhode Island studies we consulted suggest the  number is higher than 48 percent but lower than 77 percent. We rate her statement as  . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Income inequality "seems to be worst in cities run by Democrats.
Speaker: rand paul
About the speaker: Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky elected in 2010. He ran for president in 2016 before dropping out to seek re-election to the Senate. Paul is a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. His father is Ron Paul, a 2008 presidential candidate and a former member of Congress from Texas. 
Date: November 10, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy;income
Context: a Republican presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Paul said that income inequality "seems to be worst in cities run by Democrats." He has a point that one credible study shows a fairly strong correlation between low inequality and a Republican mayor. But experts say it’s a stretch to draw conclusions from this. The  inflates the actual powers of mayors to shape inequality in their cities and it ignores the role of population size and suburbanization in driving inequality. It also glosses over the fact that metropolitan areas, as opposed to cities, show no such relationship. The  is partially accurate but leaves out important details, so we rate it .
Statement: Says that he did "not exactly" say that communities have the right to ban mosques.
Speaker: herman cain
About the speaker: Herman Cain is an author, columnist and talk radio host. Cain, a former pizza franchise CEO, ran for president as a Republican in 2012.
Date: August 11, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: islam
Context: Ames, Iowa
Fact-check justification: In fact, if he said that he "never said" that communities have the right to ban a mosque, his trousers may well have burst into flames. But Cain was careful. He said it was not "exactly" what he said. This inched his statement ever so slightly away from patent absurdity. As a result, his  is merely .
Statement: We've dropped from a top 10 state in elementary reading to 30th in the nation" under State Schools Superintendent Tony Evers' watch.
Speaker: john humphries
About the speaker: John Humphries, a former administrator in the Dodgeville, WI school district, is a candidate for the state's top education job, the state superintendent of schools. He is in a three-way primary. The race in nonpartisan.
Date: January 12, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Our rating Humphries said Wisconsin has "dropped from a top 10 state in elementary reading to 30th in the nation" under Evers. The drop is real, by an oft-cited ranking from a credible source, but the latest rank is 25th, not 30th. And Facebook readers who aren’t deeply familiar with Evers' career might assume from Humphries  that the decline happened while Evers was state superintendent. Evers was a top staffer for much of that time, but most of the decline came before he took over. We rate the  .
Statement: Not one word" from Joe Biden and Kamala Harris honoring service members for Memorial Day.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 30, 2021
Location: national
Topics: military;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Facebook posts  that Biden and Harris didn’t say "one word" about American troops, veterans, or fallen military members for Memorial Day.  This is . Biden and Harris each posted a tweet on May 29 about the holiday weekend without mentioning service members. But they made other statements during the weekend honoring military members and their families. Biden spoke at a Memorial Day event in Delaware, and he and Harris participated in a wreath-laying ceremony at Arlington National Cemetery. We rate this  .
Statement: The fundraising numbers are in, and our grassroots support is unmatched!
Speaker: glenn grothman
About the speaker: Republican Glenn Grothman, of the Town of Glenbeulah in Sheboygan County, was first elected to Congress in 2014 after serving 21 years in the Wisconsin Legislature. He represents the 6th Congressional District in east-central Wisconsin that includes all or parts of Ozaukee, Sheboygan, Manitowoc, Fond du Lac, Dodge, Winnebago, Columbia, Green Lake, Marquette and Waushara counties.  
 
Date: July 15, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: campaign finance;elections
Context: a Facebook posting
Fact-check justification: Perhaps he should, but the candidate’s statement was about fundraising. Our rating Grothman boasted that, "The fundraising numbers are in, and our grassroots support is unmatched!" But the numbers show that Leibham matched or out-did Grothman on most measures. That reads as pretty matched to us. We rate Grothman’s  .
Statement: Twelve percent of the garbage collected in those SOLV cleanups, by volume, is plastic bags.
Speaker: mark hass
About the speaker: Mark Hass is an Oregon state senator from Washington County and Southwest Portland. Previously, Hass served three terms in the Oregon House of Representatives from 2001 to 2007. He spent 20 years as a journalist.
Date: February 8, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: environment
Context: a legislative hearing
Fact-check justification: That percentage jumped to 13.4 percent in 2008 and 13 percent in 2009 when Oregon was considered alone, according to Ocean Conservancy reports. It seems to us that Hass attributed his 12 percent figure to the  source. That said, the 12 percent figure seems to jibe with the general range the two most recent reports offer. With that in mind, we rate this  . Comment on this item.
Statement: Says Alex Sink "supported higher sales taxes.
Speaker: republican party of florida
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Florida represents Republicans in Florida.
Date: February 17, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: taxes
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: The Republican Party of Florida accused Sink of having "supported higher sales taxes." They pointed specifically to her stance on discussing the repeal of some sales tax exemptions in the wake of falling tax revenues in 2008. The way the GOP words it, however, makes it seem as if Sink were seeking to make a broad-based tax hike. Actually, Sink was supporting a review of sales tax exemptions. While that is not exactly raising the sales tax, it does have the same repercussions as a higher tax on those groups and industries. Overall, though, Sink was asking the Legislature to consider ending sales tax exemptions for a host of interest groups, not supporting raising sales taxes for everyone. Without that context, the  ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Remember that developers are forced to use the '195 land union' contractors, so tap an extra $10 million into any construction project.
Speaker: john depetro
About the speaker: John DePetro is a talk-show host on WPRO.
Date: September 20, 2015
Location: rhode island
Topics: baseball;labor;unions
Context: blog
Fact-check justification: On his blog, DePetro wrote:  "Remember that developers are forced to use the ‘195 land union’ contractors, so tap an extra $10 million into any construction project." DePetro was in  territory. But the state has entered into PLAs in the past. Construction unions are influential and the state can decide to only hire union-labor contractors for work on state land. The I-I95 commission, however, has no such requirement. Because of that, the business about $10 million in extra costs for "any construction project," is irrelevant, in addition to being unsubstantiated in the original version of the blog. So "100 percent "? Not even close.   We rate this ruling  .
Statement: Muslims offended that their kids have to recite national anthem.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 20, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: A blog post claiming that Muslims are offended "their kids have to recite national anthem" linked to a deceptively edited post that includes images of children standing at attention before an American flag. In reality, the genesis of the story is not from America but Australia, where a spokesman for an international Islamic political group called Hizb-ut-Tahrir questioned why Muslim children should be forced to sing the Australian national anthem. The post, which has been altered after we inquired, is definitely  but not altogether . It also comes from 2015, which isn’t mentioned in the post being virally shared. We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/2c234c61-4e3b-42c7-b5cf-8e290480c157
Statement: China owns more of our bonds than do Americans.
Speaker: george allen
About the speaker: George Allen was a U.S. senator from 2001-2007. He was governor of Virginia from 1994-1998.
Date: July 2, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: china;deficit;economy
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Official debt tallies, even using Allen’s definition of ordinary American investors, show U.S. citizens held more government debt than China. As an added defense, Allen’s campaign said Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke in February testified before Congress that he thinks China owns more than $2 trillion of U.S. government bonds. That still doesn’t prove Allen’s point. The bottom line is that Allen’s methodology of including some U.S. investors and ignoring others is highly questionable, and his  doesn’t add up to his conclusion. We rate the  .
Statement: Says 2010 video clip showing coffins in a field proves "COVID was planned.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 9, 2021
Location: georgia
Topics: national;public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The containers are burial vaults used to put caskets in when they’re interred in the ground. They are being stored for people who made burial arrangements before death. And there is no  they are linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. FEMA has not operated concentration camp centers in response to COVID-19 or any other disaster. We rate this  !
Statement: Says President Barack Obama thinks Americans are lazy.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: November 16, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: economy;message machine 2012
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: Our ruling: Obama said America had acted lazily in some regard. Exactly whom he considers lazy, we're still not sure. But it’s clear that he was not wagging his finger at the American public at large. Perry's presentation distorts the president's remark by taking it out of context. We rate his  .
Statement: It was President Obama's "inaction that caused over three weeks to go by before he even approved the governor's plan to protect our marsh.
Speaker: steve scalise
About the speaker: Steve Scalise is a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives representing Louisiana.
Date: June 15, 2010
Location: national
Topics: environment;oil spill;states
Context: an interview on Sean Hannity's show on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Scalise said President Obama's "inaction ... caused over three weeks to go by before he even approved the governor's plan." It's the word "inaction" here that is most troubling because it suggests nothing was going on when in fact something was happening to address Jindal's idea. Per protocol, the Corps solicited interagency comments, shared them with the state of Louisiana, received a revised plan, solicited comments on it and then approved the plan May 27. Within a week, the money was in place. The omission of this context leads us to rule Scalise's statement .
Statement: Due to ... tax cuts and lower (property) values, 2009 property taxes were almost $3 billion below 2007 property taxes.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: March 2, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: taxes
Context: his State of the State address
Fact-check justification: (See page 32 of the report). In his State of the State address, Crist said "2009 property taxes were almost $3 billion below 2007 property taxes." A report prepared for a Senate committee pegs the number at about $2.28 billion and the Department of Revenue's annual report pegs the number at $2.9 billion. With the qualifier "almost," that's close enough not to distort the broader point. We rate Crist's  .
Statement: U.S. forces in Iraq and Afghanistan include a "few thousand that are still green card holders who are not even citizens of this country.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: July 11, 2008
Location: national
Topics: military
Context: a TV ad airing Colorado, Nevada and New Mexico
Fact-check justification: An analysis of the Pentagon report by PolitiFact determined that about a quarter of the "green card" soldiers are originally from Spanish-speaking countries. In addition, there are 10,533 naturalized citizens serving in the military who were born in Spanish-speaking countries. The thousands of noncitizens serving in Iraq and Afghanistan is one of the military's little-known facts. But apparently not to McCain. We rate his statement .
Statement: Mexico receives "approximately $24 billion a year in remittances from Mexican nationals working in the United States. The majority of that amount comes from illegal aliens.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 5, 2016
Location: arizona
Topics: immigration
Context: a plan on his campaign website
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "they (Mexico) receive approximately $24 billion a year in remittances from Mexican nationals working in the United States. The majority of that amount comes from illegal aliens." The number is right, but saying the majority of that money comes from undocumented immigrants is a pure guess. One estimate, based on data more than a decade old, could associate 48 percent of remittances with undocumented Mexican immigrants. But that’s a stretch at best -- and it’s still not the majority -- as Trump claims. Experts we spoke with said there is no way to track undocumented remittance senders. All in all, we rate Trump’s  .
Statement: From now on, we have to pay the Russians $50 million an astronaut to send Americans to the space station
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: July 7, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: space
Context: an interview with CBS
Fact-check justification: In an op-ed piece a few days later he noted that the contract had risen to $63 million -- which is the current figure. That's a lot of money per astronaut -- but there are two caveats worth mentioning. First, NASA has had a contract to pay the Russians to send someone to the International Space Station for more than a decade. And second, the overall space operations part of NASA's budget is dramatically declining so while $50 million or $63 million sounds outrageous -- it's something of a bargain. We rate this  .
Statement: Nevada lawmakers "permanently cut taxes for over 95 percent of Nevada's businesses.
Speaker: michael roberson
About the speaker: Michael Roberson is a Republican state senator in Nevada and served as the senate majority leader during the 2015 legislative session. Roberson is running for Congress in Nevada's 3rd Congressional District.
Date: March 3, 2016
Location: nevada
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: a candidate forum on March 3, 2016
Fact-check justification: Republican congressional candidate Michael Roberson said lawmakers "permanently cut taxes for over 95 percent of Nevada’s businesses." The changes made to Nevada’s payroll tax aren’t a traditional tax cut. No businesses saw their net tax bill decrease, but many businesses no longer have to worry every two years that their tax bill might suddenly rise. Still, the 95 percent figure isn’t accurate, even if we accept such a generous definition of a tax cut. And narrowly focusing on one tax change ignores many other tax increases passed by lawmakers. We rate this  as .
Statement: More Hispanics have fallen into poverty under Obama.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: June 5, 2012
Location: national
Topics: message machine 2012;poverty
Context: a Web ad
Fact-check justification: Romney’s ad correctly states that more Hispanics in the U.S. have fallen below the poverty line since Obama took office: 2.25 million more people through 2010, according to the census. But the ad’s clear message is that it’s Obama’s fault but experts say it's a much more complicated picture than that. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says a CNN headline said, "In And Out is the fast food of white supremacists.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 27, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The In-N-Out Burger misspelling aside, this headline doesn’t appear on CNN’s website , nor the name "Charlie DeClown." Searching the Internet more broadly , we only found it on meme websites .   The burger chain has been in the news lately for refusing to comply with a local vaccine mandate in Contra Costa County, Calif.   "We refuse to become the vaccination police for any government," In-N-Out’s chief legal and business officer said in a statement quoted in the Los Angeles Times.   We rate claims that this is a real CNN headline .
Statement: Candidates for governor routinely disclose" their spouses' tax returns.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: June 25, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: campaign finance;elections
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: Scott said "candidates for governor routinely disclose" spouses’ tax returns. It is routine when candidates file joint returns with their spouses. It’s only recently that gubernatorial candidates and their spouses have started filing separate tax returns, though. When spouses file separately, there are two instances to look to, when first Alex Sink and then her husband Bill McBride disclosed individual returns for their spouse’s respective gubernatorial runs in 2002 and 2010. So the trend of spouses who file separately is a new one, but one way or the other, spouses' returns have been released over the years. We rate the statement .
Statement: The 2013-'15 state budget backed by Gov. Scott Walker and Republican lawmakers "left our technical colleges funded at 1989 levels.
Speaker: democratic party of wisconsin
About the speaker: The Democratic Party of Wisconsin focuses on advancing state Democratic candidates and related issues.
Date: September 18, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;jobs;state budget
Context: a column on the party's website
Fact-check justification: Our rating The Wisconsin Democratic Party said the current, 2013-’15 state budget adopted by Walker and Republican lawmakers "left our technical colleges funded at 1989 levels." That’s correct for the unrestricted general aid portion of state funding, which is the part the Republicans dramatically cut in the previous state budget. However, total state aid in the current budget is higher than it was in 1989. We rate the statement . If you would like to comment on this item, you can do so on the Journal Sentinel's web page .