chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: When I was speaker, we had four consecutive balanced budgets.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: January 23, 2012
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;history
Context: Tampa
Fact-check justification: Gingrich was off-base with this  -- again. The budget was indeed balanced for four years, but it’s a stretch for him to take credit for anything more than two of those years. We rate Gingrich’s  .  https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/638b4582-eb6f-4e7e-b410-2bfdee9e7dd5
Statement: Wisconsin employers have repeatedly said in surveys that our anti-business litigation climate is one of the most important factors affecting their expansion decisions.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: January 27, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs;legal issues;small business
Context: comments at a bill signing ceremony
Fact-check justification: In trying to tie the lawsuit reforms to job creation, Walker asserted the issue is "one of the most important factors" when businesses are deciding to expand or invest in Wisconsin. That’s a major overreach. He cited a series of national surveys, which show it’s a concern but lack Wisconsin data and don’t weigh how the concern stacks up against other issues. In the surveys of state businesses we found, lawsuit reform is on the radar screen -- but a blip behind taxes, regulation and other issues. We rate Walker’s  .
Statement: Says there's "never (been) so many apprehensions ever in our history.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 10, 2019
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: McAllen, Texas
Fact-check justification: In November of fiscal year 2000, Border Patrol logged 76,196 apprehensions . The Rio Grande Valley Sector recorded more apprehensions in November of fiscal year 2017 than it did in November of fiscal year 2019 . By multiple metrics, Trump’s  doesn’t add up. Trump’s statement is . We rate it .
Statement: Says a majority of Americans -- and Republicans -- support his approach for deficit reduction.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: March 1, 2013
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;polls and public opinion;taxes
Context: a press briefing at the White House
Fact-check justification: Obama said of a balanced approach to deficit reduction that "the majority of the American people agree with me and this approach, including, by the way, a majority of Republicans." We found two polls that supported his statement in its entirety, several polls that supported at least the first half, and polls from Rasmussen and Republican pollster Winston Group presented more of a mixed picture. The majority of the polls we found support the president. We rate the president’s statement .
Statement: Says the "1986 Vaccine protection act" resulted in "the biggest jump in shots" for children because it gave drug manufacturers "exemption for responsibility of killing people.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 6, 2021
Topics: health care;public health
Context: a Facebook image post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post shows an image of the CDC's recommended vaccination schedule for children and suggests that the 1986 National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act led to a "jump" in the number of recommended vaccines because it gave drug makers "exemption for responsibility of killing people." That’s  and gives a  characterization of the effect of the law on vaccines. The law established an office to oversee the nation’s vaccination efforts, a database to report adverse events after a vaccine is administered and led to the creation of a fund to compensate those who claimed to be injured by a vaccine. What’s more, it was eight years after the law’s adoption before a new vaccine was added to the CDC’s list of recommended childhood vaccines. The CDC’s vaccination schedule, which today includes 12 vaccines providing protection against 16 diseases, is updated on an annual basis in response to health issues impacting the U.S. and as new vaccines become available. We rate this  .
Statement: Says John Kitzhaber's proposed budget for upcoming biennium represents 8 percent increase over last
Speaker: shawn lindsay
About the speaker: Shawn Lindsay is a Republican who represents House District 30, which covers Hillsboro.
Date: February 9, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: education;state budget
Context: an e-mail
Fact-check justification: Well, without the bonus the following year, that extra $5,000 in wages wouldn’t feel much like a raise, would it? Not as far as we’re concerned. And yet that’s what Lindsay and his fellow Republicans seem to be arguing here. Sorry, we just don’t see it. We rate this  .   Comment on this item.
Statement: Democrats mistakenly tweet 2014 pictures from Obama's term showing children from the Border in steel cages.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 29, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration;children
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump tweeted "Democrats mistakenly tweet 2014 pictures from Obama’s term showing children from the Border in steel cages." Several Democrats did tweet a photo of a facility where child migrants are detained. While they initially stated the image was something happening right now, the photo was actually from 2014. Trump’s attack on "Democrats" is broad here, it is nonetheless accurate. We rate this  . '
Statement: Says Mahlon Mitchell "received a massive raise on the backs of hard-working firefighters and turned the union into his own personal political slush fund.
Speaker: republican party of wisconsin
About the speaker: The Wisconsin Republican Party works to elect Republicans to state and federal offices and advance the GOP agenda.
Date: August 1, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;income;unions
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Meanwhile, the union’s political contributions have shifted to Democrats, including more than $40,000 to Mitchell’s current campaign. But the GOP provided no  Mitchell solely decides where the political contributions go. Indeed, the union says he recuses himself from any discussions. Even with an allowance for the hyperbole of campaign season, the "slush fund" characterization goes too far. For a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context our rating is .
Statement: Says "our taxes have doubled" with Rick Perry in office.
Speaker: ron paul
About the speaker: Ron Paul, a Texas physician, served two stints in the U.S. House. He also was the Libertarian Party nominee for president in 1988 before later seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012. He didn't seek re-election to the House in 2012.
Date: September 12, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: taxes
Context: Tampa, Florida
Fact-check justification: The most that Texas taxes might have increased while Perry was governor is 44 percent, which is 17 percent when inflation is weighed. Maybe Paul’s personal taxes doubled and he can show that’s also Perry’s fault. Paul provided no such . Generalized, his  about taxes under Perry is so far off, it’s smokin’. !
Statement: Black homeownership just hit the highest level it has ever been in the history of our country.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: December 8, 2017
Location: national
Topics: housing;race and ethnicity
Context: Pensacola, Fla
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Black homeownership just hit the highest level it has ever been in the history of our country." In reality, the black homeownership rate peaked in 2004 and has fallen almost every year since, due in large part to the Great Recession and its aftermath. We rate the statement .
Statement: Gun manufacturers are "the only industry in the country" that have immunity from lawsuits.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: June 2, 2022
Location: national
Topics: legal issues;guns
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Biden said that gun manufacturers represent the only industry in America that is exempt from being sued.  This isn’t accurate. The gun industry is not entirely exempt from being sued and is susceptible to some lawsuits. Further, there are federal laws that restrict liability for a variety of other business sectors.  We rate it .
Statement: Ten years ago, John McCain offered a bill that said he would ban a candidate from paying registered lobbyists.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: May 21, 2008
Location: national
Topics: ethics
Context: Tampa, Fla
Fact-check justification: The McCain-Feingold bill didn't succeed that year, but in 2002 it did pass and was signed into law by President Bush as the Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act. Though considered landmark legislation, it did not address lobbyists working for campaigns. Obama's description of McCain's legislation from a decade ago is accurate. We rule his statement . For more on the other aspects of Obama's attack, see our story here.
Statement: Within the three miles surrounding the University Circle area, infant mortality exceeds some Third World countries.
Speaker: michele walsh
About the speaker: Dr. Michele Walsh is division chief of neonatology at Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital in Cleveland.
Date: April 4, 2013
Location: ohio
Topics: health care;public health
Context: a radio discussion
Fact-check justification: He said its most recent three-year average -- a preferable statistic for the neighborhood because it better accounts for fluctuations -- is 18.6 deaths, a figure he noted is still unacceptable and almost double the countywide rate. The average rate worldwide, according to the "World Factbook," is 39.4 per 1,000. The book estimates infant mortality in the United States in 2012 as 6 deaths per 1,000 births -- worse than the average for nations of the European Union and worse than countries including Australia, South Korea and Cuba. Its figures show that some Third World nations have infant mortality rates that are exceeded by those for some neighborhoods within three miles of University Circle. Walsh’s statement rates as .
Statement: An image from the St. Louis protest is "what MSM (mainstream media) won't show you. Peaceful demonstrator pointing weapon at homeowner.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 30, 2020
Topics: race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A post with an image from St. Louis says, "This is what MSM (mainstream media) won’t show you. Peaceful demonstrator pointing weapon at homeowner." The person who took the photo said the peaceful demonstrator was holding a video camera and microphone, not a gun. We rate this  .
Statement: Miami-Dade County is the "No. 1 donor county in the state.
Speaker: rene garcia
About the speaker: Sen. Rene Garcia, R-Hialeah, is a former city council man and state representative. He was elected to the Florida Senate in 2010.
Date: August 20, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: a Florida Cabinet meeting
Fact-check justification: Garcia said that Miami-Dade County is the "No. 1 donor county in the state." Garcia points to Miami-Dade contributing the most in sales taxes to the state. This isn’t surprising, though, since it is the largest county and a big tourism market. But budget experts warned us that it is difficult to create a ledger with spending and revenues and assign all those dollars to particular counties. Also, some money received by the county is based on a population formula and some revenues sent to the state are from tourists, not resident taxpayers. So far, we have seen no proof that Miami-Dade earns that top donor label spot, nor can we name any other county. At PolitiFact we believe the burden of proof is on the person making the statement and Garcia hasn’t done that here. We rate this  .
Statement: John Boehner said the jobs of "teachers and nurses and police officers and firefighters" are "'government jobs' that weren't worth saving.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 5, 2010
Location: national
Topics: economy;education;states
Context: a speech on Labor Day
Fact-check justification: This time Obama said that Boehner "dismissed these jobs – teaching our kids, patrolling our streets, rushing into burning buildings – as quote 'government jobs – jobs that I guess he thought just weren't worth saving.") Obama's Labor Day statement was accurate in that Boehner did refer did refer to teachers' jobs as government jobs. But the Republican leader did not say government jobs weren't worth saving. He merely said the stimulus was misguided because it put too much emphasis on government spending. So we rate Obama's statement .
Statement: Says a military Humvee labeled "COVID-19 quarantine team" was on Interstate 696 in Michigan.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 16, 2020
Topics: military;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Searching for "COVID-19 quarantine team" online turned up only links to fact-checks, unsubstantiated social media posts and forums like 4Chan, the source of several high-profile conspiracy theories.   A YouTube video from March 16 shows the same image that’s in the Facebook posts, only this time the vehicle is allegedly in Ohio.   A March 19 tweet claims the photograph was taken on the M25 in London. BuzzFeed found that and other claims about the British Army’s role in restrictions in response to the coronavirus to be  . Uncorroborated claims about a "COVID-19 quarantine team" in Michigan merit the same rating: .
Statement: Says he and Mitt Romney "always said that we agree with the 2014 deadline" for leaving Afghanistan.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: September 9, 2012
Location: national
Topics: afghanistan;foreign policy
Context: an appearance on 'This Week.'
Fact-check justification: Ryan claimed that he and Romney have "always agreed" with the 2014 timetable for withdrawing from Afghanistan. We found numerous instances where Romney expressed support for that deadline. His criticism was not of the date itself but the announcement of it, which he said emboldened the Taliban and endangered troops. But Romney also has said a troop withdrawal would be conditional on what the situation on the ground is -- an important caveat that could leave him room to ignore the deadline. Ryan’s statement was accurate but for that one detail. We rate it .
Statement: Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis said in his yearbook that his "Mount Rushmore is Jesus, Sir-Mixes-a-Lot, and Nintendo 64.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 10, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Instagram posts sharing the image were flagged as part of Meta’s efforts to combat  news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Meta , which owns Facebook and Instagram.) Sean Clark, a spokesperson for Pinellas County Schools, the district that includes Dunedin High School, told PolitiFact in an email that although the image of DeSantis is authentic and from the Dunedin High School yearbook, "there is no quote within the yearbook photo beneath Gov. Desantis’s photo nor any other student within the yearbook." Another version of this yearbook photo, posted on Reddit in April by someone claiming to have attended high school with DeSantis, does not include the quote.   We rate claims that this is an authentic quote .
Statement: More than half of the $739 billion tax increase (in the Inflation Reduction Act) will go to wasteful Green New Deal programs like tree equity, 'clean' garbage trucks, and studying cow farts.
Speaker: citizens against government waste
About the speaker: Citizens Against Government Waste works to eliminate waste, fraud, abuse, and mismanagement in government.
Date: August 31, 2022
Location: west virginia
Topics: environment;animals;federal budget;taxes
Context: a Facebook ad
Fact-check justification: The Citizens Against Government Waste ad said, "More than half of the $739 billion tax increase (in the Inflation Reduction Act) will go to wasteful Green New Deal programs like tree equity, 'clean' garbage trucks, and studying cow farts." First, calling the $739 billion a tax increase is exaggerated. Not counting federal health care savings that are counted as revenue, the tax increase’s scale is about $457 billion. The bill’s environmental provisions do add up to $391 billion, or more than half of $739 billion. However, the amount spent on trees, clean trucks and cattle emissions account for a tiny fraction of that, somewhere between one-half of 1% and 1.4%. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Aaron Hernandez' daughter is, by Massachusetts law, entitled to the remainder of his $15 million NFL contract because he committed suicide during his appeal, making his conviction "null and void.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 16, 2020
Topics: legal issues;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But it’s a moot point now. The prosecution appealed to have the conviction reinstated, and on March 13, 2019, it was.   The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court reinstated Hernandez’s murder conviction in a unanimous decision to do away with the legal principle. The court called the rule "outdated and no longer consonant with the circumstances of contemporary life," and ordered Hernandez’ conviction to be restored and that the practice be abolished for future cases. We rate this  is .
Statement: Says Kate Spade worked with the Clintons and suggests they were involved in her death.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 21, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We couldn’t find the "multiple strange photos" that the post says her husband, Andy Spade, allegedly took of her before her death. We were also unable to find any mention of the photos in the thoroughly covered news of her death. The New York City Medical Examiner’s office confirmed that Spade’s death was a suicide. It’s a far reach to suggest that her brand’s participation in events a decade after she sold the company is  that the Clintons were involved in her suicide years later.   We rate this .