chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: It's not that there's a virus shield between Canada (4,500 deaths) and the U.S. (80,000 deaths). What exists is a difference in leadership.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 9, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed: "It’s not that there’s a virus shield between Canada (4,500 deaths) and the U.S. (80,000 deaths). What exists, is a difference in leadership." These numbers aren’t directly comparable because the U.S. has a far larger population, so the post  the difference.  But on a per-capita basis, the United States still has nearly twice as many COVID-19 deaths as Canada does.  Experts said differences in how political leadership responded to the disease are one factor in the disparity. But there are others, such as the virus’ heavy impact on New York City; poor access to health insurance and health care among people more vulnerable to the coronavirus; and people’s different responses to guidelines aimed at containing the virus. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it .
Statement: Says oil "production's down where Obama's in charge.
Speaker: crossroads gps
About the speaker: Crossroads GPS is a conservative advocacy group founded by prominent Republicans, including former White House political adviser Karl Rove.
Date: April 10, 2012
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;energy;message machine 2012;oil spill
Context: a Web ad
Fact-check justification: A Crossroads GPS ad says Obama takes credit for Bush-era policies, then blames him for a downturn in oil production on federal lands. While it’s  that the effect of a president’s policies don’t show up in oil production for some time — in some cases, decades — the ad goes too far when it cites a 14 percent decline in production in a single year as  of the impact of  Obama's overall energy strategy. The ad says oil production's down where Obama's in charge." The facts show that the decline represents a single year that followed years of substantial gains and occurred only offshore in the wake of a major oil disaster. The ad’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details and takes things out of context. We rate it .   CORRECTION: We updated this item on April 18, 2012, to add the change from 2008 to 2009 to our net increase/decrease calculation for oil production on federal lands under Obama. That changed a small net decrease to a net increase of 10.6 percent. Our ruling has not changed.
Statement: Says the Texas Board of Nursing has a backlog of "3,000 complaints against nurses, many of them sexual assaults, malfeasance.
Speaker: john whitmire
About the speaker: John Whitmire is a Houston attorney who was first elected to the Texas Senate in 1982. Prior, he served in the Texas House of Representatives.
Date: May 3, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: health care;crime;regulation
Context: remarks on the Senate floor
Fact-check justification: He offered several examples: The investigator may be under-performing; extensive due process is required; the medical records of the patient involved in the complaint are difficult to obtain. So, the board says it has about 3,000 backlogged complaints, as Whitmire said. According to the board, many of the complaints allege malfeasance by nurses, as Whitmire also said, and a smaller number involve sexual assaults. But no one can determine the precise breakout without access to confidential board information. We rate Whitmire’s statement as .
Statement: Says Rick Scott called education not a "core function" of the state.
Speaker: florida democratic party
About the speaker: the Florida affiliate of the Democratic Party.
Date: March 4, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The Florida Democratic Party said in a press release that Scott called education "not a ‘core function’ of the state." The Democrats point to Scott’s 2011 comments about his budget proposal that included massive and wide-ranging cuts -- including to education. Scott called for focusing on "core functions" of the state. Scott cut the education budget in a year when he talked about funding for "core functions." But he never specifically said education was not a "core function." It’s a stretch and a leap of logic for Florida Democrats to  otherwise. We rate this  .
Statement: Harris County, Texas has "some of the highest jailing and incarceration rates in the U.S. and the world.
Speaker: rodney ellis
About the speaker: Ellis, a former member of the Houston City Council, was initially elected to the Texas Senate in 1990. On his campaign website, he singles out his authorship of legislation affording state-funded college grants for needy students. He chairs the Senate Committee on Government Organization.
Date: May 19, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: corrections and updates;criminal justice
Context: response to a lawsuit
Fact-check justification: Ellis said Harris County has some of the highest jailing and incarceration rates in the U.S. and the world. Harris County's rate -- calculated as the number of inmates per 100,000 residents -- exceeds the rates for the United States and world though we found jurisdictions including Dallas County with higher rates. To be fair, though, Ellis didn’t say Harris County’s rate is the highest, only that it’s among the highest. We rate this  .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/afcdafa1-4811-4cca-aa29-4f7c28e16ac7
Statement: One in 5 Americans has lost a family member to gun violence.
Speaker: kamala harris
About the speaker: Kamala Harris is the vice president of the United States. Harris was elected as a senator from California in 2016. She previously was California’s attorney general from 2011 to 2017. From 2004 until 2011, she was the district attorney of San Francisco. Harris received a bachelor’s degree in political science and economics from Howard University and a J.D. from the University of California, Hastings College of Law. In 2019, she ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in December. On Aug. 11, 2020, former Vice President Joe Biden named Harris as his running mate.
Date: April 14, 2023
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: a speech to the National Action Network
Fact-check justification: Harris said, "1 in 5 Americans has lost a family member to gun violence."  The statistic comes from a Kaiser Family Foundation survey taken in March. The poll found that 19% of U.S. adults have a family member who was killed by a gun, including by suicide.  That’s a higher percentage than found in surveys conducted in 2022 and 2018, though differences in question wording make direct comparisons among the three polls tricky. We rate the statement . RELATED: Gun violence surpasses car accidents as the leading cause of death for people ages 1 to 19
Statement: George W. Bush was photographed talking into the wrong end of a phone.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 3, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Meta, which owns Facebook and Instagram. ) The photo has been altered. A reverse image search led us to the original , taken in March 2003 by then-White House photographer Eric Draper.   The caption says Bush, who was holding the phone correctly, was talking to then-British Prime Minister Tony Blair.   We rate claims that he was photographed holding the phone upside-down .
Statement: Milwaukee "incarcerates 1.2% of white men" and has "incarcerated over 50% of black men in their 30s.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 31, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: census;civil rights;criminal justice;occupy wall street;urban
Context: a meme circulated on Facebook
Fact-check justification: That is, at a given point in time. The second part of the  essentially quotes the study accurately -- more than 50 percent of black men in their 30s in Milwaukee County were or had been incarcerated. But there is no corresponding figure for white men. For a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important details, our rating is . To comment on this item, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel’s web page .
Statement: Says Donald Trump "has supported a Canadian-style universal health care system.
Speaker: erick erickson
About the speaker: Erick Erickson is the host of a conservative radio talk show based in Atlanta.
Date: July 21, 2015
Topics: elections;punditfact
Context: a column on Redstate.com
Fact-check justification: Erickson said that Trump has supported a Canadian-style universal health care system. Trump’s own book from 2000 affirms that. By about 10 years later, he had changed his position. Erickson got it right. We rate this  .
Statement: NFL players taking a knee during the national anthem is "against the law.
Speaker: roy moore
About the speaker: Roy Moore is a lawyer, judge, activist and Republican politician from Alabama. Moore ran unsuccessfully for U.S. Senate in 2017. He served as judge of the Sixteenth Judicial Court of Alabama from 1992 until he was elected Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court in 2000. He was removed from his position in 2003 for refusing to remove a Ten Commandments monument he installed in the Alabama Judicial Building. He then served as president of the Foundation for Moral Law, a Christian activist group, until 2012 when he was once again elected Chief Justice.
Date: October 16, 2017
Location: national
Topics: legal issues
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Moore said NFL players taking a knee during the national anthem is "against the law." Moore's basis is that a law on the books describes patriotic etiquette during the national anthem. But his statement gives the  impression the law is binding, when in fact it’s merely guidance that carries no penalty. Additionally, legal experts told us the First Amendment protects the right to kneel during the national anthem. We rate this .
Statement: In slashing $1.7 billion from Social Security, "Rep. Jim Renacci may end up forcing the entire agency to ... shut down for a month, causing seniors to not get their benefits on time, halting claims processing, and forcing new retirees and disabled workers into a backlog.
Speaker: democratic congressional campaign committee
About the speaker: The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee is responsible for assisting Democratic candidates for the U.S. House.
Date: February 22, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: federal budget;social security
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: That would result in backlogs and delays in processing new paperwork. That’s what happened when furloughs were implemented during the government shutdowns of 1995 and 1996. Where does that leave Democrats’ claims about Renacci?    There are some elements of  in the DCCC’s , but it stokes it up with hyperbole and leaves out several critical facts that would give listeners a different impression. On the -O-Meter, that means .
Statement: Red light camera installed to "promote public safety.
Speaker: city of atlanta
About the speaker: City of Atlanta
Date: November 12, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: transportation
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The study done for the city of Atlanta found no major difference in accidents since the red light camera was installed. Many researchers believe there is no major difference in accidents with red light cameras, but they do increase the fear factor among some motorists to slow down. The city's  that the camera "promotes public safety" has some , but it leaves out important details, such as the typical rise in rear-end collisions. So motorists, beware when approaching a yellow light. Meanwhile, we rate Atlanta's  as .
Statement: Every time you buy an airline ticket, the federal government runs a background check on you.
Speaker: don zimmerman
About the speaker: Don Zimmerman, who ran for the Texas House in 2006, won election to the Austin City Council in 2014. He represents District 6 on the council.
 
Date: May 31, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: homeland security;terrorism;transportation
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Zimmerman said by email that the FBI and TSA are "large, powerful bureaucratic organizations with very significant resources to check on travelers. It would also make sense that they would not divulge all the depth of details of what they do." Upshot: Every airline passenger must hurdle a check of basic personal information against a federal database before stepping onto a commercial flight. But these do not constitute actual background checks. We rate the statement .
Statement: Bill Gates arrest warrant issued in Philippines for 'premeditated murder' linked to vaccine roll out.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: March 4, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Diane Desierto, a University of Notre Dame law professor who taught at the University of the Philippines College of Law, further told Reuters that there’s "no such thing as a Heinous Crimes Court" in the Philippines. The "Heinous Crime Court" doesn’t appear on a government list of courts in the Philippines nor could we find any credible news stories or other sources corroborating claims that such a court exists, or issued a warrant because Gates was suspected of murdering hundreds of thousands of people.   Serious side effects from COVID-19 vaccines are "possible but extremely rare ," the World Health Organization says. The Department of Health in the Philippines doesn’t mandate vaccines, but "highly encourages" people to get vaccinated and says on its website that "vaccination is an important way to protect yourself from getting severe COVID-19. "  We rate these posts !
Statement: A video clip from the Notre Dame cathedral fire shows a man walking alone in a tower of the church "dressed in Muslim garb.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 16, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a video clip
Fact-check justification: A video clip posted on social media showed a man walking alone in one of Notre Dame’s towers "dressed in Muslim garb." The clip is from an authentic media live stream of the Notre Dame fire, but displays a lower-quality and cropped version that doesn’t allow the viewer to clearly see it was a firefighter. The clip also doesn’t last long enough to show other firefighters who show up in the same area moments later, and is cropped to omit the water hoses being used to fight the fire. French authorities are conducting an investigation into the fire, but preliminary reports, so far, deem the cause as accidental, pointing to a possible link to the cathedral’s renovation project. We rate this !
Statement: Illegal immigration costs our country more than $113 billion a year.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 31, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: Arizona
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Illegal immigration costs our country more than $113 billion a year." Trump presented this figure as a hard fact to make his case, and not as the rough, high-end estimate that it is. The figure matches a 2013 study by a group that wants to reduce immigration, FAIR. It’s uncertain how much immigrants in the United States illegally cost taxpayers, but FAIR’s data is largely based on broad estimates and assumptions. Another report by a conservative think tank pegged the amount at about $85 billion a year. Reports by pro-immigration or neutral groups have come in significantly lower, and other reports have been inconclusive. Estimating the costs of illegal immigration is extremely difficult and produces dramatically different figures, depending on the source. Yes, there are costs. But Trump is selecting the highest of all possible estimates from a range that varies widely. We rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: Says John Wayne said, "If you don't want an American flag flying in your town square or at your school, then why the hell are you living in the US?
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 7, 2019
Topics: history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We found similar results searching for an abbreviated version of the quote. Next we searched the Nexis database for the quote in all available English-language publications and found nothing. Searching for "John Wayne" and "American flag" and "town square," we couldn’t find the quote or anything similar, though a 2003 story about rural Texas auctions in the Los Angeles Times quotes a man who wants a full-sized American flag emblazoned with Wayne’s image. We’ll reconsider this fact-check if a source for this statement surfaces. In the meantime, we rate it .
Statement: Puerto Rico's $70 billion debt is unsustainable and it is unpayable. And the reason why it is unsustainable has everything to do with the greed of Wall Street vulture funds.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: May 16, 2016
Location: national
Topics: financial regulation
Context: San Juan
Fact-check justification: Sanders said, "Puerto Rico’s $70 billion debt is unsustainable and it is unpayable. And the reason why it is unsustainable has everything to do with the greed of Wall Street vulture funds." Puerto Rico’s debt was already unsustainable by the time Wall Street hedge funds and banks began playing a role as a result of decades of local mismanagement, U.S. policy and economic misfortune. But Sanders has a point that the financial sector has taken advantage of and is excerbating the situation. What's more, they're effectively preventing crisis relief by actively working to stop Puerto Rico from restructuring its debt. We rate his  .
Statement: Says George LeMieux "even compared Marco Rubio to Barack Obama.
Speaker: adam hasner
About the speaker: Adam Hasner, R-Delray Beach, is a former Majority Leader for the Florida House of Representatives.
Date: June 10, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography
Context: an Internet ad
Fact-check justification: Let's again look at the text of the ad, which starts by linking LeMieux to three issues -- the federal stimulus package, Big Sugar and cap and trade. Then the ad abruptly switches to general statements about Rubio saying that LeMieux falsely attacked Rubio and "compared Rubio to Barack Obama." LeMieux didn't compare Rubio and Obama on an issue such as those listed at the start of the ad -- he said they both used a familiar campaign tactic, throwing "bombs" about something they didn't have to vote on themselves. The ad provides no explanation for how he compared the two politicians and neglects to note that LeMieux supported Rubio's campaign once Crist left the GOP. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says these "elite" figures are on house arrest with ankle monitors "due to child trafficking crimes.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 16, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The photo of Obama shows him paddle boarding in January 2020 in Hawaii. The bracelet on his ankle is real, but it’s not a house arrest monitor. The device is called a "SharkBanz, " which uses technology to deter a shark attack. (Note: It’s difficult to be on house arrest and also paddleboard in Hawaii ). We rate this !
Statement: Nick Freitas "supports a plan letting insurance companies deny coverage for preexisting conditions like asthma or diabetes.
Speaker: democratic congressional campaign committee
About the speaker: The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee is responsible for assisting Democratic candidates for the U.S. House.
Date: August 26, 2020
Location: virginia
Topics: health care;voting record
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: In a TV ad, the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee says Freitas "supports a plan letting insurance companies deny coverage for preexisting conditions like asthma or diabetes." Freitas has repeatedly called for the abolishing Obamacare, which mandates that long-term health insurance policies cover preexisting conditions. In 2014, he said Obamacare should be repealed even without a replacement plan. In 2018, he voted to significantly expand the duration of short-term insurance plans in which coverage of preexisting conditions can be legally denied.  These actions overshadow Freitas’ vague promise this year - made through his campaign manager - to protect preexisting condition coverage while working to end Obamacare. We rate the DCCC's  .
Statement: Says photo from Hunter Biden's laptop shows Paul Pelosi Jr. abusing a girl and doing drugs.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 26, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We haven’t been able to review or verify the contents of the laptop hard drive allegedly belonging to Hunter Biden because the data has not been seen, at least not widely. Allies of President Donald Trump who say they have it — particularly Rudy Giuliani, President Trump’s personal lawyer who procured the laptop — have declined to share the data with other outlets for review.   We rate the social media post about Pelosi’s son . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.