chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Maxine Waters said: "I say, we knock off Trump and then, go after Pence. We have the power.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: December 15, 2018
Topics: impeachment
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that Waters said in September 2018: "I say, we knock off Trump and then, go after Pence. We have the power." We found no record that Waters made this exact statement. However, Fox News reported that Waters said something similar about Trump: "All I want for him and about him is to be impeached and get him out of the White House," and that she would "go after" Pence if Trump were to be removed from office. While Waters has repeatedly stated her intention to "get" Trump and/or Pence, it has been in the context of Congress exercising its power to impeach a president and not, as the viral post suggests, to advocate violence.  We rate the statement .
Statement: One extra year of schooling for girls reduces infant mortality rates among their children by up to 10 percent.
Speaker: ertharin cousin
About the speaker: Ertharin Cousin is the Executive Director of the United Nations' World Food Programme.
Date: September 6, 2016
Topics: global news service;children;education;public health;women
Context: a speech transcript on Medium
Fact-check justification: The head of the World Food Programme said that one extra year of schooling for girls reduces the infant mortality rates among their children by up to 10 percent. Broadly speaking, the association between more education of young women and better odds for their offspring is real. But this  suffers from several flaws. It speaks of infant mortality when the underlying research addressed child mortality. It asserts a causal link when the data, while very suggestive, don’t fully prove the point. And it treated every year of schooling the same. Perhaps most important, UNESCO, the source that the World Food Programme relied on, has distanced itself from this statistic. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it .
Statement: We have the lowest per-capita spending of any state in the nation" except for South Dakota.
Speaker: stacey abrams
About the speaker: Stacey Abrams, a Democrat and national voting rights activist, is running for Georgia governor in 2022. She lost the Georgia governor's race in 2018. She is a former House Minority Leader for the Georgia General Assembly and State Representative for the 84th House District.
Date: March 27, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: state budget
Context: a speech before the Atlanta Press Club
Fact-check justification: None of these data show South Dakota trailing Georgia in per-capita spending. Regardless, these data all support Abrams’ broader point. In 2009, Georgia was near the bottom in state per-capita spending. According to one measure -- total state spending -- it’s tied for second. We rate Abrams’ statement .
Statement: Debbie Jackow "unlike her opponent ... WILL NOT de-fund the 20/20 land program.
Speaker: debbie jackow
About the speaker: Debbie Jackow, 57, is running for the Lee County Board of Commissioners District 4 seat in November 2010 against incumbent chairwoman Tammy Hall. Jackow now works as a clinical laboratory scientist for Lee Memorial Health System.
Date: September 27, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: environment;county budget
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: Hall offered no further comment on Green's suggestion during the meeting. Hall has supported Conservation 20/20 every year she's been in office, including the current year. To say Hall is considering de-funding the program would be a stretch. Saying she has de-funded the program is clearly . We rate this statement .
Statement: I never called for a partition" of Iraq.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: July 18, 2010
Location: national
Topics: iraq;this week - abc news
Context: ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: But the word "partition" carries heavy political implications, namely the creation of three separate nations. And that was never Biden's plan. He consistently upheld the idea of one Iraq with a central government, albeit a more modest one responsible for such things as defense, foreign affairs and sharing oil revenues. That's an important distinction. We rate his  .
Statement: Immigrants "have captured all of the nearly 9 million jobs created since 2000.
Speaker: peter morici
About the speaker: Peter Morici is a professor of economics at the Smith School of Business, University of Maryland. Prior to joining the university, he served as director of the Office of Economics at the U.S. International Trade Commission.
Date: December 7, 2014
Topics: immigration;economy;jobs;punditfact
Context: the "Statesman Journal"
Fact-check justification: Morici said that all of the nearly 9 million new jobs created since 2000 went to immigrants. His numbers don’t add up. The study he cited linked to numbers that showed that immigrants accounted for about 70 percent of the net job growth. While that study’s headline was that all of the new jobs went to immigrants, that only held  for a certain age range, which Morici misapplied to all workers. Morici is correct that foreign-born workers, both citizens and noncitizens, do disproportionately well in the job market. But the actual numbers fall well short of the 100 percent that he said. "All" is an overstatement. There is an element of  in the , but it ignores certain critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Charlie Crist wants felons who "commit a heinous crime" such as "intentional permanent disfigurement of a child, you walk out of jail, you immediately get to vote.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: October 21, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: elections;crime
Context: the CNN debate
Fact-check justification: Scott said that Crist wants felons who commit "a heinous crime" such as "intentional permanent disfigurement of a child" to walk out of jail and immediately get the right to vote. The Cabinet under Crist made it easier for felons to get their rights restored, but they didn’t regain those rights immediately after leaving jail. The offenders had to complete the terms of their sentence, including probation, to qualify. And then the Clemency Board had to sign off on the restorations. The most serious violent offenders had to undergo an investigation and hearing. The only kernel of  here is that it is possible that some felons who had committed violent crimes got their rights restored, but it wasn’t immediately upon leaving jail. So we rate this  .
Statement: Says Will Smith and his son Jaden Smith died in a car crash.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 9, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Clicking on the post leads social media users to a junk website that features a  video using the CNN logo that allegedly announces the "breaking news." The webpage says the video has been viewed more than 1.6 million times.    This is an attempt to bait people into sharing a celebrity hoax on their Facebook pages and to click on the video as a way to redirect them to other websites where they are subjected to pop-up ads. It’s strongly advised not to try and play the video or click on any of the ads. We rate this !
Statement: Trump lost a trade war that he started.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: June 24, 2020
Topics: china;foreign policy;trade;ad watch
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: The ad approved by Biden said, "Trump lost a trade war that he started." Longstanding Chinese trade policies may have provoked Trump into acting, but by moving first to impose tariffs, Trump at the very least escalated existing trade tensions into a trade war. And while it may be premature to say that Trump has "lost" the conflict, we found wide agreement among trade experts that he is losing. He has not succeeded in getting China to capitulate to structural demands. He’s made marginal gains in the U.S.-China trade balance and in U.S. manufacturing output. But those have been undercut by significant retaliatory tariffs for the agriculture sector and wider harm to the economy from higher prices, supply chain disruptions, and slower economic growth. We rate the statement .
Statement: Under Gov. Scott Walker's public-school budgets, "a student entering kindergarten will not enjoy the same state investment in his or her education as those that came before them until they are graduating from high school.
Speaker: sondy pope
About the speaker: Sondy Pope was first elected in 2002 to the Wisconsin Assembly to represent the western parts of Madison and the surrounding area.
Date: February 18, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Our rating Pope said it would take Walker "nearly 12 years" to make up for his previous cuts in general school aids, based on the pace he set in his proposed 2013-’15 budget. The best number is about eight or nine years, we heard from two experts. That’s when, as Pope put it, a student will "enjoy the same state investment in his or her education" as a student in pre-Walker days. So it’s more like middle school or freshman year of high school, not graduation. We rate her  .
Statement: Breaking! Roy Moore's accuser worked for Democratic leaders and is actively campaigning for Moore's opponent.
Speaker: activist mommy
About the speaker: The Activisty Mommy is a conservative website.
Date: November 10, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: The Activist Mommy website states in a headline "Breaking! Roy Moore’s accuser worked for Democratic leaders and is actively campaigning for Moore’s opponent." The website is referring to Deborah Wesson Gibson, who owns a sign language interpretation company. The company’s Facebook photos show that Gibson has interpreted speeches for Democrats including Hillary Clinton and Biden. The website also states that Gibson worked for the DNC; however, a spokeswoman for the DNC says that it never paid Gibson or her firm. The article’s  is weak to link Gibson to Jones. Two Facebook shares do not prove that Gibson is actively campaigning for Jones, and the campaign says she has played no role. We rate this  .
Statement: There was no requirement to put in affordable housing.
Speaker: chris kennedy
About the speaker: Chris Kennedy is a businessman and a son of former U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy.
Date: January 16, 2018
Location: illinois
Topics: housing
Context: an interview with the Chicago Sun-Times
Fact-check justification: Kennedy said, "there was no requirement to put in affordable housing" at his Wolf Point development because the property was grandfathered in under rules that applied before adoption of the city’s affordable housing ordinance. Public records show zoning changes made in 2013, before construction began, did not alter the development in ways that would have triggered the ordinance. And the city department charged with reviewing new projects confirmed that, because of its original zoning date, the development escapes requirements that apply to projects zoned more recently. Kennedy has made both Chicago affordability and holding candidates to higher standards cornerstones of his campaign. So his own actions are relevant to any exploration of the affordability question. Nevertheless, Kennedy is correct in stating no legal mandate required him to include affordable housing at his Wolf Point development. We rate his  .
Statement: David Dewhurst has a "record of promoting an income tax.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: January 12, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: taxes
Context: a handout
Fact-check justification: Contrary to Cruz’s , Dewhurst has not promoted a personal or business income tax. It's even a stretch to say he edged in that direction in March 2006 with the comment he quickly forsook. All told, the idea that Dewhurst has a record of promoting an income tax is so far from accurate, it’s . !
Statement: Quotes Thomas Jefferson as saying that "a government big enough to give you everything you want, is strong enough to take everything you have.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 4, 2019
Topics: fake news;government regulation;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims Thomas Jefferson once said or wrote that "a government big enough to give you everything you want, is strong enough to take everything you have." But the quote could not be found in any of Jefferson’s writings and appears to have originated sometime around the 1950s. It has been attributed to Ford, among others, throughout the years as it became a popular saying for politicians starting in the 20th Century. We rate this  .
Statement: I'm self-funding my own campaign.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: February 1, 2016
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance
Context: Iowa
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "I'm self-funding my own campaign." As of the end of 2015, Trump’s own contributions account for more than half of all money the campaign has taken in. He’s contributed far more of his own money than any other candidate this cycle. However, a significant portion of his money comes from individual contributions. For several months last year, the campaign received far more dollars from potential voters than they did from Trump. Additionally, most of Trump’s contributions have been loans rather than donations, so he may hope to recoup those funds. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details, so we rate it .
Statement: Says Eric Cantor "was the co-author of the House GOP principles on immigration reform. Both the 'New York Times' and the 'Washington Post' said that that captured the essence of what was in the Senate immigration bill.
Speaker: laura ingraham
About the speaker: Laura Ingraham is a conservative broadcaster and commentator. On April 13, 2014, she was named an ABC News contributor.
Date: June 15, 2014
Topics: immigration;punditfact
Context: a statement on "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Ingraham did not back down from her criticism of Cantor, saying he "was the co-author of the House GOP principles on immigration reform" and adding "both the New York Times and Washington Post said that this captured the essence of what was in the Senate immigration bill." As the second highest-ranking member in the House, Cantor was part of top-level conversations that led to a (swiftly rejected) one-page document outlining the House GOP’s starting points for immigration reform. The New York Times and Washington Post did not describe the House’s principles as capturing the essence of the Senate bill. (For one thing, it was only a page long.) Their reports often highlighted the House document’s lack of opportunity for citizenship for most undocumented immigrants and explored whether that was a deal-breaker for Democrats. Her statement is partially accurate but needs more context. We rate it .
Statement: [W]e see America's prison population exploding, with America having a greater percentage of its people behind bars than any other nation in the world!
Speaker: hank johnson
About the speaker: Hank Johnson, a Democrat, represents Georgia's 4th Congressional District
Date: January 1, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: criminal justice
Context: a letter
Fact-check justification: "It is, however, entirely accurate to state that the United States has the highest reported incarceration rate, as well as the highest total prison population, based on the most recent studies." The United States has the highest percentage of people in its prisons of any nation that can be verified. From the most recent numbers we’ve seen, the U.S. may have a higher percentage than one nation (Cuba) we thought had more of its people in prison. We’ll give Johnson a higher grade this time on the -O-Meter but still leave room for another country (North Korea, perhaps) that may have a higher percentage of its people in prison. Our rating: .
Statement: Says the FDA will now require sealed ice cream cartons in response to the Blue Bell ice cream licker, thus driving up the cost for consumers.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 15, 2019
Topics: food safety;public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: After a viral video showed a teen licking a Blue Bell ice cream tub before returning it to a Texas Walmart shelf, a post on Facebook claims the incident prompted the FDA to now require all ice cream companies add protective seals to their products, thus driving up the cost of ice cream. But the FDA said the rumor is  and the incident is being handled by local law enforcement and the ice cream company affected. Blue Bell, unlike some other ice cream companies, does not currently have sealed containers but said in a statement it is looking at methods "to add additions protection to the carton." We rate this  .
Statement: Not a single segment of the proposed Beltline intersects the MARTA system at MARTA stations.
Speaker: eva galambos
About the speaker: Eva Galambos is the mayor of Sandy Springs, Georgia.
Date: September 27, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: transportation
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: "In terms of additional connectivity, we’re not getting any." Galambos admitted she made a  by writing that the Beltline doesn’t intersect MARTA at any of its stations. We thank her for her honesty. Still, her article went off the tracks on that point. We must give her a rating of .
Statement: George Bush never suggested that we eliminate funding for Planned Parenthood.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: October 16, 2012
Location: national
Topics: abortion;corrections and updates;debates
Context: a town hall debate
Fact-check justification: Obama said in the debate that, "George Bush never suggested that we eliminate funding for Planned Parenthood." In fact, one of Bush’s first acts as president was to cut off funding for Planned Parenthood and other groups working overseas that counsel women about abortion. But as for eliminating Title X funding for health services that Planned Parenthood provides in the United States -- which is what Romney and other Republicans of today favor -- Obama is right. We found no  that Bush sought such a change, and Title X funding actually increased during his presidency. We rate Obama’s statement . Editor's note: This report has been changed to note that abortion rights advocates refer to the Mexico City policy as  "the global gag rule." Anti-abortion advocates oppose referring to the policy by that term.
Statement: Our law enforcement agencies have found bodies in the desert, either buried or just lying out there, that have been beheaded.
Speaker: jan brewer
About the speaker: Jan Brewer, a Republican, is the former governor of Arizona.
Date: June 25, 2010
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: And for weeks, she refused to back away from the comment. When Brewer finally acknowledged she had erred, she couched her admission with the qualifier "if I said said that." She did. This , like several others by opponents of illegal immigration, is   -- emphasizing a non-existent danger. So we rate her comment .
Statement: We have a worse economy than any other country in the world that's going through COVID-19 by a factor of three.
Speaker: richard durbin
About the speaker: Dick Durbin in the senior U.S. senator from Illinois and the Democratic majority whip.
Date: August 23, 2020
Location: illinois
Topics: economy;coronavirus
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Durbin said, "We have a worse economy than any other country in the world that’s going through COVID-19 by a factor of three." As of August, when Durbin made his remarks, available data for the second quarter showed U.S. GDP declined by 9.5% relative to the same period last year, better than two dozen other countries around the world. And while other economic indicators such as unemployment rates showed the U.S. economy suffered staggering losses, they were not worse by a factor of three, according to published data and experts. We rate Durbin’s  .  — The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.