chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: As has been noted by many observers, including Bill Clinton's former secretary of labor, my plan does more than anybody to reduce costs.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: February 21, 2008
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: Austin, Texas
Fact-check justification: However, there is no consensus in the research community about how much each element will save, or how much could be saved if these elements were effectively implemented in combination." Obama clearly believes his plan will reduce costs significantly, and we see no reason to disagree with that. But will it save even more than Hillary Clinton's plan? We find little conclusive  of that, nor do we find independent experts willing to argue that case decisively. So we find his  .
Statement: A clause hidden in the Obamacare bill, which is now law, gives Obama the right to form a private army.
Speaker: victoria jackson
About the speaker: Victoria Jackson is a columnist for WorldNetDaily and a former cast member of Saturday Night Live.
Date: July 15, 2011
Location: national
Topics: health care;military
Context: a column by Victoria Jackson
Fact-check justification: We don't find that to be the case, and her source, Andrew Napolitano, seems to be making up interpretations of the health care law that have no basis in reality. The Ready Reserve Corps created by the law would be part of a long-established uniformed team of health care professionals that are part of the Department of Health and Human Services, not the military. They don't carry sidearms, and they don't have military training. If this is Obama's army, it's an army armed with tongue depressors and stethoscopes. For perpetuating nonsense, we rate Jackson's statement !
Statement: The CDC staged "the 'escaping monkeys' as a cover story for releasing the next bioweapon.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: January 26, 2022
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: She attended a party the night of the accident and later discovered that she had been exposed to COVID-19, the paper said.   "I want people to know I am not sick regardless of what they are reading that has been put out there in the media," she said. Cynomolgus monkeys are often used for medical studies, and the New York Times reported that they were in such high demand for coronavirus vaccine research at the start of the pandemic that some scientists discussed needing to create a monkey reserve, or emergency stockpile. It’s not clear whether these monkeys were part of that effort.   Claims that the CDC staged this crash to release a bioweapon are unfounded, and we rate it .
Statement: There are more Hoosiers going to work than ever before.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: July 20, 2016
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: Cleveland
Fact-check justification: Pence said, "There are more Hoosiers going to work than ever before." Literally, more Indiana residents are employed now than at any time in the past. But it’s a data point with very little meaning, since, as any statistician will tell you, it doesn’t take into account the size of the state’s population. Looking instead at the percentage of Hoosiers working shows that the percentage was higher during the previous employment peak in 2000. And the widely used unemployment rate — which is even more precise because it is based on the number of residents who are actively looking for a job — has been lower than its current rate over long stretches of recent history. We rate the statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/2078352d-5a91-4bdf-9872-462839fd76b5
Statement: It has been many years, if ever, since an inmate has completed his or her high school diploma while incarcerated in a state correctional facility for adults.
Speaker: l.c. "buster" evans
About the speaker: L.C. "Buster" Evans is an assistant commissioner in the Georgia Department of Corrections. He is a former superintendent in Forsyth County Public Schools based in Cumming Georgia
Date: November 12, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: corrections and updates;criminal justice;public safety
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: And in a prison system where seven out of 10 inmates lack a diploma or GED, this could be the start of major improvements. But the GED is a high school equivalency, recognized by the vast majority of employers, colleges and universities. And that’s something the state has been helping some inmates attain for years. That’s important context. For this reason, we rate Evans’ statement .
Statement: Americans "invented the automobile.
Speaker: laura ingraham
About the speaker: Laura Ingraham is a conservative broadcaster and commentator. On April 13, 2014, she was named an ABC News contributor.
Date: June 12, 2014
Topics: history;technology;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of the "Laura Ingraham Show"
Fact-check justification: Ingraham said that Americans invented the automobile. If we look at internal combustion-powered vehicles, all of the first examples come from Europe, and the first commercial enterprise emerged in Germany. America played a major role in automobile production, but Ingraham spoke specifically about an earlier stage -- invention. We rate the  .
Statement: The No. 1 job vacancy in Florida every month for seven years has been nursing.
Speaker: adam putnam
About the speaker: Adam Putnam lost the Republican primary for Florida governor to U.S. Rep. Ron DeSantis in 2018. A former Republican Congressman from Congressional District 12 in Central Florida, was elected Florida Commissioner of Agriculture on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014.
Date: October 31, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: public health
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Putnam said the No. 1 job vacancy in Florida every month for seven years has been nursing. He’s right. The top online job advertisement in Florida has been registered nurses every month for the past seven years. Experts agreed that the shortage has been an issue for awhile in Florida. We rate this  .
Statement: Georgia "spends in the top 10 nationally on education, yet, most of our education metrics hover in the bottom five.
Speaker: nancy jester
About the speaker: Nancy Jester is a former member of the DeKalb County School Board
Date: October 10, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a newspaper op-ed
Fact-check justification: National results of college readiness exams and graduation rates ranked Georgia among the bottom in most reports. Georgia did rank in the top 10 states nationally in a survey touted by state education officials. But even in that report, Georgia scored low marks in key areas, including student achievement. Jester’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details about education funding that could give the reader a different impression. We rate Jester’s  .
Statement: Photo from "data leak at Elon Musk AND NASA … are said to be from one of Elon Musk's Space-X satellites.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 15, 2022
Topics: space;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The image itself has been online for years, and previously, it wasn’t connected to NASA, SpaceX or Elon Musk. It appeared in this 2018 tweet , this January Quora post , this 2020 blog post claiming the earth is flat, and this undated blog post musing that the earth is neither flat nor a sphere.   This NASA image , created by combining data from two satellites, shows what Earth looks like from space. It is well-established that the Earth is a sphere — more specifically, an irregularly shaped ellipsoid, according to the National Ocean Service — and it does not look like the image in the Facebook post.   We rate this post .
Statement: Says Mike DeWine "flip-flopped on the gun issue and has earned an F from the NRA.
Speaker: mary taylor
About the speaker: Mary Taylor lost the Republican primary for Ohio governor in 2018. She is the lieutenant governor of Ohio, elected in 2008 with Gov. John Kasich. She is the director of the Ohio Department of Insurance and also heads Kasich's “Common Sense Initiative” to reform Ohio’s regulatory policies. Prior to becoming lieutenant governor, she was a auditor of Ohio and a member of the General Assembly.
Date: January 29, 2018
Location: ohio
Topics: congress;guns
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Taylor said DeWine "flip-flopped on the gun issue and has earned an F from the NRA." DeWine did receiving failing grades from the NRA based on his record in the U.S. Senate, including in 2010 when he ran for Ohio Attorney General. As Taylor noted broadly, DeWine did flip-flop. As attorney general he has taken several stances more aligned with the NRA and no longer supports an assault weapons ban. Taylor zeroes in on DeWine’s record from many years ago and omits that by 2014, he had clearly earned the support of the Buckeye Firearms Association when it endorsed his re-election. We rate this  .
Statement: The seed of Muslim is passed through the father.
Speaker: franklin graham
About the speaker: The Rev. Franklin Graham is a Christian minister and the president and CEO of both the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association and the international relief organization Samaritan's Purse.
Date: August 19, 2010
Location: national
Topics: religion
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: To be clear, we're fact-checking what Graham said, not whether any religion is any better or worse than another. In looking at most of the scholarly and objective descriptions of the Islamic faith, we found little to support Graham's statement that "the seed of Muslim is passed through the father," absent belief in the tenets of the religion. In fact, the vast majority of sources said that religious faith was based on the affirmation of Islamic beliefs. But we found a secondary definition that said people born to a Muslim father and identify as cultural Muslims could be considered Islamic, even if they don't have Islamic beliefs, though that was considered controversial. So we rate Graham's statement .
Statement: Barack Obama signals That Democrats Intend to Cheat in the Virginia Governor's Election.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 23, 2021
Location: national
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks;virginia
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: A headline says that Obama signaled that "Democrats intend to cheat in the Virginia governor’s election." In a speech endorsing McAuliffe for governor of Virginia, Obama urged the crowd to get out and vote early by mail or in person. He did not encourage or hint at any illegal voting tactics.  We rate this headline .
Statement: CDC confesses: Vaccines are failing, and the vaxxed can be superspreaders.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: August 1, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post said, "CDC confesses: Vaccines are failing, and the vaxxed can be superspreaders." The post said this was "via the words of the CDC’s own director Dr. Rochelle Walensky." We could not identify any instance in published or broadcast accounts, or CDC news releases, where Walensky said vaccines are failing. And she did not say vaccinated people are superspreaders; she said vaccinated people infected with the delta variant have similarly high viral loads as unvaccinated people.  We rate this  .
Statement: U.S. Senate candidate David Perdue's company took $3 million from the federal stimulus program that President Barack Obama created.
Speaker: jack kingston
About the speaker: Jack Kingston, a Republican, is a former U.S. Representative from Georgia and a political commentator.
Date: June 18, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: stimulus
Context: radio and television add
Fact-check justification: Perdue sat on four company boards, including at Alliant. That’s a lot different than owning, running or working day to day for a company. We think it’s  to say Alliant is his company in an attempt to link him to the president’s stimulus program. It is a company with which he has an affiliation, so there is a bit of  here, but just a bit. We rate the attack ad statement as .
Statement: A 5-cent charge on paper bags is a tax.
Speaker: mark daniels
About the speaker: Mark Daniels is a vice president of Hilex Poly Co.
Date: February 8, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: environment;taxes
Context: a legislative hearing
Fact-check justification: Bottled drinks were once 5 cents cheaper. Utility companies used to not charge 3 percent extra for energy programs. Frankly, we think it’s easier to avoid the 5 cent charge on bags than it is to bypass bottled drinks or the public purpose charge on utility bills. We rate the  . Comment on this item.
Statement: Photo shows an anti-Israel activist holding a photo of Adolf Hitler.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 17, 2021
Topics: israel;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: In November 2020, an Israeli activist was criticized for comparing Netanyahu to Hitler, according to the Jerusalem Post, and saying in a video on social media that "in the 30s, there was a bitter enemy of the Jews. He was in Germany, and he acted just like you; divided, incited, destroyed." In 2016, a poster showing Netanyahu with a Hitler mustache appeared at an art school in Tel Aviv, and in 2017, pro-Palestinian demonstrators in Sydney protested the prime minister’s visit to Australia, calling him a "war criminal" and carrying a banner with Netanyahu with a Hitler mustache and the word "fascist. "  The Instagram post makes a far-reaching  based on an  description of the photo. We rate it .
Statement: The state is absorbing the cost of overtime pay for farmworkers, and farm owners do not have to pay any more.
Speaker: kathy hochul
About the speaker: Kathy Hochul, a Democrat, is the governor of New York state. She is a former member of Congress.
Date: October 25, 2022
Location: new york
Topics: agriculture;labor;state budget
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Hochul, in response to criticism about the state lowering the overtime threshold for farmworkers from 60 hours per week to 40 hours per week, said that farm owners didn’t have to pay for the recent changes to overtime rules.  The enacted state budget for 2022-23 includes refundable tax credits to pay the cost of the overtime as the threshold for overtime pay drops from 60 hours per week to 40 hours per week over the next 10 years.  As with other legislative items, as the State Legislature included the tax credits in this budget, lawmakers can remove them in a future budget.  In 2020, overtime pay for farm labor above 60 hours per week took effect. These tax credits do not cover the overtime costs incurred when an employee works more than 60 hours per week.  We rate Hochul’s  .
Statement: The number of pregnant women who have miscarried increased by "366% in just six weeks" as a result of their receiving a COVID-19 vaccine.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: March 21, 2021
Topics: children;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: A  circulating online claims that the number of pregnant women who have miscarried increased by "366% in just six weeks" as a result of receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. This statement takes data out of context and presents an unfounded conclusion. Health officials in the U.K. say that there is currently no  of an increase in miscarriages after COVID-19 immunization. The article on which the  is based misrepresents figures from the country’s vaccine reporting system, and officials say it doesn’t account for the increased vaccination rate over time, or the country’s average rate of miscarriages. Nor is there any  that has shown a causal link between the vaccine and miscarriages. We rate this .
Statement: The truth was revealed there in that report that showed there was no unlawful or unethical activity on my part.
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: October 11, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: an interview with reporters
Fact-check justification: But the issue here is Palin’s characterization that the report concluded that she did not do anything ethically . The report concluded just the opposite. The report says she did abuse her authority and she did violate state ethics laws. By saying otherwise repeatedly, in what seems to be a deliberate attempt to mislead or confuse voters who don't know the facts, Palin isn't just , she's ! .
Statement: Last year, we produced 14 percent less oil on public lands than we did the year before.
Speaker: rob portman
About the speaker: Rob Portman was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2010. He is a former Republican congressman who also was a U.S. trade representative and director of the Office of Management and Budget under President George H.W. Bush.
Date: March 26, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: energy
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Much of the current success was seeded under a different administration, just as Obama’s actions are expected to bear fruit later. And at least part of the drop on public lands last year was due to the Deepwater Horizon disaster and oil spill and, according to BLM, an apparent shift by oil companies to private lands ripe for fracking. That leaves us here: Portman’s fact was accurate: There was a 14 percent drop on public lands. Everything else can be teased out and spun for either party’s purposes. Under PolitiFact guidelines, when a statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, it rates a -o-Meter rating of .
Statement: U.S. global AIDS spending helped reduce "political instability and violence" by "40 percent" in recipient nations.
Speaker: tom daschle
About the speaker: Tom Daschle is a former U.S. senator from South Dakota.
Date: February 29, 2016
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;public health
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: Daschle said that U.S. global AIDS spending helped reduce "political instability and violence" by "40 percent" in recipient nations. No one questions that the program did much to ease the burden of disease and helped many sufferers. But there are several reasons the argument that it led to political stability is difficult to make. As the report Daschle cited notes, many of the countries were on an upward path before PEPFAR began. On top of that, Washington carefully selected which nations to include in PEPFAR. Finally, experts knew of no study that shows a large scale health intervention reducing instability and violence. On the contrary, and specific to HIV/AIDS, no study has found that the disease causes instability. Daschle’s statement treats correlation as if it were causation. We rate this  .
Statement: McCain "hired some of the biggest lobbyists in Washington to run his campaign.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: May 21, 2008
Location: national
Topics: elections;ethics
Context: Tampa, Fla
Fact-check justification: Okay, so McCain has clearly set a policy that forbids current federal lobbyists from drawing a campaign paycheck and campaign officials say they are in full compliance with that. Now. But the policy comes more than a year into the campaign. Current lobbyists hired by the campaign may have now been purged, but the fact is they were hired. We rule Obama's statement .
Statement: Some states are only getting 50 tests per day, and the Utah Jazz got 58.
Speaker: michael dougherty
About the speaker: Michael Dougherty is a senior writer at the National Review and a visiting fellow for the social, cultural and constitutional studies division at the American Enterprise Institute.
Date: March 12, 2020
Topics: public health;pundits;sports;punditfact;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Dougherty said "some states are only getting 50 tests per day, and the Utah Jazz got 58." Oklahoma public health officials quickly completed tests on 58 people who had had recent contact with Gobert, the Jazz’s center, after he tested positive for COVID-19.  It’s not clear how many tests each state is running per day. But Dougherty’s  that "some states are only getting 50 tests per day" lines up with what had been reported at the time the  was made. We rate this statement .