chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: In-N-Out cups say "Let's go Brandon.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 26, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The chain’s CEO has said in an interview that her uncle put Bible verses on In-N-Out’s cups and wrappers in the early 1990s. In addition to John 3:16 on the soda cup, the milkshake cup features Proverbs 3:5 and the burger wrappers have Revelation 3:20.   As In-N-Out has drawn support from some people for refusing to comply with COVID-19 vaccine mandates in California, misinformation about the chain — and about the slogan "let’s go Brandon" — has spread online. Among other  claims: that CNN reported the chain "is the fast food of white supremacists" and that the Anti-Defamation League classified "Let’s go Brandon" as hate speech . We rate claims that this "Let’s go Brandon" cup is real .
Statement: Says Gov. Tony Evers has declared Wisconsin "permanently closed" for business.
Speaker: rebecca kleefisch
About the speaker: Rebecca Kleefisch was the lieutenant governor of Wisconsin from 2011-19 under Gov. Scott Walker. She previously worked as a TV anchor and reporter, most recently with WISN-TV in Milwaukee. Kleefisch was defeated August 9, 2022 in her Republican primary bid for Republican nomination for governor.
 
Date: July 20, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;small business;coronavirus
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Our ruling  In a tweet, Kleefisch declared Evers had said Wisconsin is "permanently closed" to business. Setting aside the partisan debate over whether the governor is doing enough to boost business in the Badger State, the image is being mischaracterized as best. Evers’ physical office is not permanently closed, nor is the Capitol itself.   And even if it was closed, that label would be attributed to Google, not Evers.   We rate this  .
Statement: Medicare began as a public option and now holds 97 percent of the market share.
Speaker: tom price
About the speaker: Rep. Tom Price is the Secretary of Health and Human Services in the Trump administration. Previously, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives for the 6th District of Georgia, an area that includes Marietta and Canton.
Date: September 14, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care;medicare
Context: a fundraising letter
Fact-check justification: But getting back to Price's statement, we find the following: He is right that Medicare was a public plan and its coverage of physicians' services was voluntary, which is another way to say "optional." And its participation rate among eligible seniors is close to 97 percent. But we take a notch off our rating to acknowledge that people disagree about whether the words "public option" today are the same as Medicare's "voluntary" Part B in 1965. It's important to note that the founders of Medicare expected that nearly every senior would be covered by Part B, while the Democrats' "public option" today is envisioned as just one of many options in the health care exchange. We rate Price's statement .
Statement: Proposed fees for Rhode Island beaches will still be "less than some of the town beaches.
Speaker: richard licht
About the speaker: Richard Licht became a superior court judge in Rhode Island in 2014. He is a former lieutenant governor and former director of the Department of Administration for the state of Rhode Island in the Chafee administration.
Date: April 3, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: recreation;state budget
Context: TV interview
Fact-check justification: On weekends and holidays, the state’s new fee would be $14 -- less than fees in 8 of the 12 beach towns. So when Licht says the new state fees are less than "some" of the town beaches, we can’t  disagree. In fact, the state fees are lower in many instances. We won’t kick any sand at Licht on this one.   We rate his  .
Statement: Under Obamacare, people who "have a doctor they've been seeing for the last 15 or 20 years, they won't be able to keep going to that doctor.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: July 31, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: health care
Context: a Fox News interview
Fact-check justification: Rubio said that for people who currently have health insurance, "They have a doctor they’ve been seeing for the last 15 or 20 years, they won’t be able to keep going to that doctor," due to Obamacare. Rubio ignores the fact that without Obamacare, patients can lose access to their doctor when their employer switches plans or they switch (or lose) jobs. Some patients who buy health insurance through the exchange could lose access to their current doctor, but it’s difficult to predict how many. We rate this  .
Statement: (Texas Republicans) believe in abolishing Social Security, abolishing V.A. health care.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: September 25, 2013
Location: national
Topics: social security;veterans
Context: an MSNBC interview
Fact-check justification: Sanders'  that the Texas GOP wants to "abolish" Social Security and VA health care didn’t line up with the official 2012 party platform, which called for a "privatization" of both programs. Privatization could bring systemic shake-ups to either issue in question, but wouldn’t entirely eliminate the programs. While the state party would like veterans to get their health care through private plans and young people to direct their Social Security taxes to private accounts, we found no  that GOP Texans are pushing to eliminate either system entirely. We rate Sanders'  .
Statement: Biden admits to voter fraud.
Speaker: kayleigh mcenany
About the speaker: Kayleigh McEnany is an on-air commentator for Fox News and former White House press secretary under President Donald Trump. She was previously a spokeswoman for the Republican National Committee and a pro-Trump pundit on CNN.
Date: October 24, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: McEnany said that Biden "admits to voter fraud." This is wholly . Biden was describing an effort to prevent voter suppression when he misspoke. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Donald Trump's "Make America Great Again" hats were made in China.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: October 4, 2015
Topics: china;punditfact
Context: tweets
Fact-check justification: Tweets aim to paint Trump as a hypocrite for hawking "Make America Great Again" hats with "Made in China" labels from his campaign store. Those hats are knockoffs. Trump has even trademarked the phrase "Make America Great Again." Trump’s hats are made by a California company that says they are, indeed, American made. We rate the  !
Statement: Among Milwaukee Public Schools students, "86 percent are behind in reading and 80 percent are behind in math.
Speaker: don pridemore
About the speaker: Don Pridemore is a former Republican member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing District 22 from 2004 to 2015. He did not seek re-election in 2014.
Pridemore ran for the nonpartisan state executive office of Wisconsin Superintendent of Public Instruction in 2013. He was defeated by incumbent Tony Evers in the general election on April 2, 2013.
 
 
Date: December 3, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: city government;education;poverty
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: He said it was important to cite the performance of private schools that get public funding since they are "pitched as the solution to issues with MPS." But we’re not testing a  about voucher schools -- we’re testing Pridemore’s  about MPS students’ proficiency in reading and math. Our rating Pridemore said that among Milwaukee Public Schools students, "86 percent are behind in reading and 80 percent are behind in math." We would note that the figures are as high as they not because of a change in student performance, but a change in the way the state scores a test. Nevertheless, Pridemore states the figures accurately and we rate his statement .
Statement: Dying 78 year old CIA agent admits to killing Marilyn Monroe.
Speaker: science vibe
About the speaker: A website promoting fabricated news and stories
Date: April 12, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: on an alternative news site
Fact-check justification: The Science Vibe article presents the reasoning behind why Marilyn Monroe became a security threat is because she had supposedly slept with Cuban revolutionary Fidel Castro making her susceptible to exposing strategic information to communists. While there are conspiracy theories surrounding the relationships of Monroe and the  behind her death ruled by police as a probable suicide , there is no  that she was murdered in part of a cover-up. When we tried to search for the quotes attributed to Hodges, we found no results or credible sources for them. We also found this story circulated by several other hoax sites. We rate this .
Statement: Says Bernie Sanders "voted against the Brady Bill five times for background checks on people.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: March 5, 2020
Topics: guns
Context: an interview with NBC
Fact-check justification: Biden said Sanders "voted against the Brady Bill five times for background checks on people." Sanders did vote against the Brady bill, including a shifting mix of background check provisions, five times. The most recent of those votes took place 26 years ago. In his 2020 campaign, Sanders is fully supportive of expanded background checks and other gun control policies supported by a wide range of Democratic politicians. We rate the statement .
Statement: Florida is "49th in the nation when it comes to (Medicaid) funding" for people with disabilities.
Speaker: nikki fried
About the speaker: Nikki Fried is the chair of the Florida Democratic Party and Won't Back Down political action committee. Fried lost the Democratic primary for Florida governor in 2022. Previously, she served as the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Commissioner. Before that, she worked as a lawyer and marijuana lobbyist and as the head of the felony division of the Alachua County public defender. 
Date: February 21, 2022
Location: florida
Topics: disability;medicaid;health check
Context: a virtual town hall meeting
Fact-check justification: In response to a question about services to people with disabilities, Fried said Florida ranked "49th in the nation when it comes to (Medicaid) funding." While the latest data ranks Florida fifth in the nation for overall Medicaid spending, the context of Fried’s statement was related to the state’s funding for intellectual and developmental disability services.   Though Florida is spending a significant amount of money on its Medicaid program, the state is 49th in the U.S. regarding per-capita spending on services for people with disabilities. Since 2007, Florida’s fiscal effort for such services has decreased 10% annually. We rate this  .
Statement: There are over 2,000 crimes recorded per 100,000 population in the U.K.," compared to "466 violent crimes per 100,000" in the United States.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: June 21, 2013
Location: national
Topics: crime;foreign policy;guns
Context: a meme on social media
Fact-check justification: The meme said "there are over 2,000 crimes recorded per 100,000 population in the U.K.," compared to "466 violent crimes per 100,000" in the United States. Our preliminary attempt to make an apples-to-apples comparison shows a much smaller difference in violent crime rates between the two countries, but criminologists say differences in how the statistics are collected make it impossible to produce a truly valid comparison. We rate the  .
Statement: Virginia "is home to more veterans per capita than any state in America.
Speaker: bob mcdonnell
About the speaker: Bob McDonnell is the Republican governor of Virginia until January 2014. McDonnell was elected over Democratic state Sen. Creigh Deeds.
McDonnell previously served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1992 to 2006 and as state Attorney General from 2006 to 2009.
McDonnell graduated from the University of Nortre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind., with a bachelor's degree in 1976. He then served in the U.S. Army on active duty from 1976 to 1981 and in the reserves until 1997, retiring as a lieutenant colenel. He received a master's degree in business adminsitration from Boston University in 1980 and a master's and law degree from Regent University, Virginia Beach, in 1989.
Date: May 28, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: census;military;veterans
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: McDonnell’s office acknowledges the governor erred on Memorial Day when he said Virginia has the most veterans per capita of any state. Virginia was No. 4 in 2010 and moved up to No. 3 in 2011. We rate the governor’s  .
Statement: One-third of the health care dollar goes to no such thing as health care; it goes to the insurance companies.
Speaker: patrick kennedy
About the speaker: Patrick Kennedy is a former Democratic congressman from Rhode Island. He served from 1995 to 2011, opting not to seek re-election in 2010 following the death of his father, Massachusetts Sen. Ted Kennedy.
Date: October 27, 2009
Location: national
Topics: corporations;health care
Context: a speech on the House floor.
Fact-check justification: The study found total administrative costs for all those groups accounted for 31 percent of health care expenditures in the United States. Still, that's not anywhere close to what Kennedy said. He said that "One-third of the health care dollar goes to no such thing as health care; it goes to the insurance companies." The actual number is about 7 percent. We rate Kennedy's statement .
Statement: Canada Pays Off Entire Federal Debt One Day After Marijuana Legalization
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 18, 2018
Topics: debt;facebook fact-checks;marijuana
Context: posts on the Internet
Fact-check justification: This is better than the oil sands!" "The Daily Bonnet "is a Mennonite satirical news site from the heart of the Bible belt, Steinbach, Manitoba," the site’s "about us" page says. "Apart from the names of local and international celebrities, all characters and situations presented are entirely fictitious." Anyone sharing this without clearly noting that it’s satire is sharing  content. We rate it .
Statement: John McCain wants to privatize Social Security.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: August 26, 2008
Location: national
Topics: social security
Context: Denver
Fact-check justification: But nothing's off the table," McCain said. "I don't want tax increases. But that doesn't mean that anything is off the table." That sounds to us to fall considerably short of Clinton's statement that McCain "wants to privatize Social Security." She stretches things when she equates his currently vague designs for the program with Bush's failed policy proposal, so we judge her statement to be .
Statement: Before COVID-19, "Iowa had one of the lowest unemployment rates in the country, and many employers were scrambling to find qualified employees to fill their job openings.
Speaker: jack whitver
About the speaker: Jack Whitver is Iowa Senate majority leader
Date: April 7, 2020
Location: iowa
Topics: economy;workers
Context: an email newsletter
Fact-check justification: Whitver said unemployment in Iowa was among the lowest in the country before the U.S. deliberately shutdown parts of the economy to mitigate the spread of COVID-19, and that companies were struggling to find workers. He also said millions in the U.S. had been lifted out of poverty and wages had been increased.  This was all before the coronavirus, and subsequent statewide measures to contain its spread, wreaked havoc on Iowa’s employment and economy. The United States has almost certainly entered a recession , and the economic outlook across the country is grim, but Iowa was in a relatively good place just a month ago. Iowa unemployment had been at a historic low since 2017, and in February it ranked 11th in the country. Employers in Iowa did have trouble finding qualified workers to fill positions.  Wage increases are less clear. Wages have gone up 3 percent in the last year, but that increase hasn’t kept pace with many other states in the Midwest. Additionally, median wages only increased 4.4 percent since 2009, and the biggest wage increases were concentrated at the top. The poverty rate in the U.S. has been declining steadily since 2015, and in 2018 it reached pre-recession levels. We rated Whitver’s  as .
Statement: As a result of Obamacare, "California seniors face benefit cuts of over $1,700.
Speaker: american crossroads
About the speaker: American Crossroads is a 527 campaign committee that supports Republican candidates.
Date: October 28, 2014
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;health care;medicare;message machine 2014
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: American Crossroads said that as a result of Obamacare, "California seniors face benefit cuts of over $1,700." First of all, this  is  because it makes it seem like all seniors will face these cuts, when the statistic actually refers to Medicare Advantage enrollees -- only about one-third of seniors. The statistic comes from a report that assumes all reductions in Medicare Advantage spending results in fewer benefits for enrollees. While insurance providers feel the cuts, there are multiple ways for them to respond other than reducing benefits, such as trimming administrative costs. We heard from multiple experts and researchers who said Medicare Advantage benefits have remained stable. The ad also leaves out the fact that the federal health care law expanded Medicare’s minimum required benefits and established incentives for Advantage plans to provide extra benefits. It’s possible that some Medicare Advantage enrollees could see their benefits shrink, but this ad blows that possibility out of proportion and ignores important context. We rate this  .
Statement: Says he can be on the ballot for Congress while serving time in jail.
Speaker: stephen nodine
About the speaker: Stephen Nodine is a former Mobile County Commissioner and a potential 1st Congressional District candidate.
Date: June 21, 2013
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: statements to the media
Fact-check justification: Nodine claimed that he "can run" for office. As a legal matter, he is correct. The Constitution enshrines the idea that the people get to decide who shall represent them, and the only limits are age, citizenship and residency. In terms of federal law, Nodine can indeed run. His desire to run as a Republican puts him in murkier waters. Political parties enjoy a certain independence. The opinions of the legal experts we reached ranged from thumbs up to thumbs down on Nodine’s chances in court. But even on the more optimistic end, the court battles would be decided long after the election Nodine cares about is over. In the broadest sense, Nodine has the legal right to run for office from jail, but significant barriers lie between that right and his name appearing on the ballot. We rate the statement .
Statement: A baby's immune system can't handle antigens from vaccines, because new food must be introduced slowly to identify allergic reactions.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 23, 2022
Topics: children;public health
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post implies that a baby’s immune system can’t handle antigens from vaccines, because new food must be introduced slowly to identify allergic reactions.  There are antigens in vaccines, but they are in very small amounts, less than what a baby encounters in their daily environments, according to the CDC.  Allergens in food are present in greater quantities, even in small portions, leading to recommendations that babies try new foods slowly, to test for any allergic reaction. The post’s comparison is not adequate, and the premise that vaccines are not safe due to antigens is . We rate this  .
Statement: When you look for a job, you can't find it and you give up. You are now considered statistically employed.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 4, 2017
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a CEO town hall
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "When you look for a job, you can't find it and you give up. You are now considered statistically employed." That’s flat  -- someone who stops looking for work would be shifted to the "out of the labor force" category, not the "employed category." We rate the statement .